Unit 5: Medical ultrasound
the nature of ultrasound
the generation and detection of ultrasound
the factors that affect reflection of ultrasound
ultrasound scan
ultrasound diagnostic
超音波診斷
and imaging
Doppler ultrasound blood flow measurement
1. Nature of ultrasound
Ultrasound is defined as a sound with a frequency of over 20,000 Hz (20 kHz).Ultrasounds have frequencies and wavelengths, just like all other types of waves. The wavelengthof ultrasound limits the fineness of details that it can detect. Details significantly smaller than thewavelength of a probe cannot be detected. This is true for all types of waves. Because thewavelength of visible light is significantly longer than atoms, we can not see atoms with visiblelight.
2. The production of ultrasound
Ultrasound can be generated by ultrasound transducers
傳感器
.
Ultrasound transducers can work as both a speaker (generate ultrasound) and a microphone (detect ultrasound).
3. Reflection of ultrasound waves
When ultrasound reaches a boundary between two different kindsof media, part of the ultrasound is refracted, and the other part isreflected. The amount that is refracted and reflected depends on the
acoustic
impedance (
聲阻抗
Z)
of the media on both sides of the boundary. (Acoustic impedance is the product of the density of themedium and the sound speed in the medium)●a larger difference between the acoustic impedance of the two media, will lead to moreultrasound being reflected and less being refracted.●when an ultrasound image is taken of the body, gel is applied to the skin, to eliminate the air between the skin and the transducer so that a larger portion of the ultrasound will enter the bodyUltrasound is better at detecting density than x-rays. The amount of ultrasound reflected dependson the acoustic impedance changes, and acoustic impedance changes depend on density differences.The largest amount of ultrasound is reflected at the places of the greatest density changes.
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