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Lorenz Predictability: Does the Flap of a Butterflys
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Alligood, K. T., Sauer, T. D. & Yorke, J. A. (2000). Chaos, an Introduction to Dynamical
Systems. New York: Springer-Verlag.
, . (1955). . : .
Ekeland, I. (1995). Le Chaos. Paris: Flammarion.
Gleick, J. (1990). , . . : . (Viking Penguin, New
York, 1987).
Hawking, S. (1996). . : .
Laplace, P.S. (1814/1951). A philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Translated by Frederick
Wilson Truscott and Frederick Lincoln Emory. New York: Dover.
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Peitgen, H-O. Jurgens, H. & Saupe, D. (1992). Chaos and Fractals, New Frontiers of
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