1

mstw;w mUshsd; epfuw;w md;GilNahd;

my;yh`{j; jMyhtpd; jpU ehkj;jhy;>
m\;n\a;f; V.rp. mfhh; K`k;kj; 1960k; Mz;L Vg;uy; 23k; jpfjp ,yq;ifapd;
tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; FUzhfiy efUf;F mz;ikapy; cs;s 'Njhuaha" vDk;
fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;. ,tuJ je;ij mg;Jy; fuPk;> jhahh; fkWd; ep`hh;.
%d;W rNfhjuh;fisAk; xU rNfhjupiaAk; nfhz;l ,th; FLk;gj;jpy; %d;whkth;.

1988k; tUlk; jpUkz ge;jj;jpy; ,ize;j ,tUf;F xU Mz;> ,U ngz; Foe;ijfs;

cs;sdh;.
fy;tp
m\;n\a;f; mfhh; K`k;kj;; jdJ Muk;gf;fy;tpia Njhuaha mj;jhhpf; K];ypk;
tpj;ahyaj;jpYk; gpd;dh; gf;kpnfhy;y my;kpdh K];ypk; kfh tpj;ahyaj;jpYk;
njypahnfhd;d `p];Gy;yh K];ypk; kfh tpj;ahyak; vd;gtw;wpYk; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;lhh;. 1976k; Mz;L jdJ cah;fy;tpia njhlh;tjw;fhf NgUtiy [hkpM
esPkpah fyhgPlj;jpy; gpuNtrk; ngw;w ,th; 1983k; Mz;L Kjw;ju rpj;jpAld;
esPkpah gl;lr;rhd;wpjio ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. 1984k; mz;L Nguhjid
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; (ntspthup) nghJf; fiykhzpg; gl;lg;ghPl;irapy; 2k; ju cah;
rpj;jpaile;jhh;. 1994Mk; Mz;L KJjj;Jtkhzp ghlnewpf;fhf jd;id gjpT nra;J
nfhz;l ,th; 1995Mk; Mz;L mjd; vOj;Jg; guPl;iria ntw;wpfukhf G+h;j;jp
nra;j epiyapy; cs;shh;.
gjtpfSk;> epWdq;fspy; mq;fj;JtKk;
1983,y; esPkpa;ahtpd; gl;lg;gbg;ig Kbj;jijaLj;J mjd; tpupTiuahsuhf
epakpf;fg;gl;l ,th; 1992 - 2000 Mz;L tiu esPkpa;ahtpd; fy;tpj;Jiw
gPlhjpgjpahf
gzpahw;wpdhh;.
2001Mk;
Mz;L
esPkpa;ahtpd;
gpujpg;gzpg;ghsuhf gjtpAah;T ngw;w ,th; ,d;W tiu mg;gjtpia
tfpj;JtUfpd;whh;.mt;thNw ,th; fle;j fhyq;fspy; gpd;tUk; gjtpfis tfpj;Js;shh;:
.1991y; Nguhjid gy;fiyf;fof gFjp Neu tpupTiuahsH
.khjk;ig ,];yh`pa;ah muGf;fy;Y}up> epftnul;ba mkPdpah muGf;fy;Y}up
vd;gtw;wpd; rpwg;G tpupTiuahsh;.
.murhq;f ghlj;jpl;l ,];yhk; ghl MNyhridf; FO cWg;gpdh;
.njhiyf;fy;tp ghlj;jpl;l MNyhrfh;
.Ik;,a;aj;Jy; cykh Kd;dhy; cjtp nghJr; nrayhsh;
.Ik;,a;aj;Jy;

cykh

Kd;dhy;

nraw;FO

kw;Wk;

gj;thf;

FO

cWg;gpdh;

jw;NghJ tfpj;J tUk; gjtpfs;:

.uhgpjJd; esPkpa;aPd; cah;kl;l MNyhrfh; ([hkpah esPkpa;ahtpd; gioa
khzth; mikg;G)
.ISS(Islamic Service Society), ALIF (Aluthgama Investment Fund) ,];yhkpa epjp
epUtdq;fspd; \hPMj; Jiw MNyhrfh;.

.muG kj;u]h ghlj;jpl;l MNyhrfh;

.,];yhkpa rpe;jid (Kj;jpq;fs; Ma;T rQ;rpif) MNyhridf; FO cWg;gpdh;
.mfuk;> rpl;L (khjhe;j rpWth; rQ;rpif) MNyhridf; FO cWg;gpdh;.
.kw;Wk; gy cs;ehl;L rd;khh;f;f> r%f Nrit> fy;tp epWtdq;fspd; MNyhrfh;.
.IMHCS(Institute of Muslim Historical and Cultural Studies) epiwNtw;Wf; FO
cWg;gpdu;

j/th
n\a;f; mfhh; K`k;kj; mth;fs; khztg; gUtk; KjNy ,];yhkpa miog;Gg; gzpapy;
jPtpu <LghL nfhz;lth;. ,yq;if ,];yhkpa j/th fsj;jpd; Kd;Ndhb jh<fspy;
xUth;. jkpo;> rpq;fsk;> muG> Mq;fpyk; Mfpa nkhopfspy; GyikAs;s ,th;
ehlwpe;j Ngr;rhsuhfTk; vOj;jhsuhfTk; j/th gapw;Wtpg;ghsuhfTk;
mwpag;gl;Ls;shh;. ,];yhkpa j/th njhlh;gpy; gy;NtW ehLfSf;Fk; gazq;fis
Nkw;nfhz;Ls;shh;.
vOj;Jj;Jiw
esPkpa;ahtpd; Kj;jpq;fs; ntspaPlhd ,];yhkpa rpe;jidapd; Kd;dhy; eph;thf
Mrpupauhd ,th; jw;NghJ mjd; MNyhridf; FO cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;J
tUfpwhh;. ,];yhkpa rpe;jid> my;`]dhj; Nghd;w rQ;rpiffspy; ,th; njhlh;
fl;Liufis vOjp tUfpd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Njrpa ehspjohd jpdfudpYk; ,tuJ
fl;Liufs; mt;tg;NghJ ntspte;Js;sd. ,th; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidapy; njhluhf vOjpa
`jP]; tpsf;fk;> gpf;`{\;\upM> thndhyp K];ypk; Nrit ciufs; gpd;dh;
E}y;fshf ntspte;Js;sd. mNj Nghy; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidj; njspit toq;Fk; tifspy;
E}y;fisAk; vOjpAs;shh;. mit:
1. egptop 1>2
2. rd;khh;f;f rl;ltpsf;fk;
3. ,];uh> kp/uh[; xU Gjpa ghh;it
4. fy;tp> fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; ,];yhkpa Nehf;F
5. `yhy;> `uhk; tpjpKiwfSk; czT> cil tiuaiwfSk;
6. ehSk; Xj egpfshupd; jpf;Ufs;
7. egptop> rd;khh;f;f rl;ltpsf;fk;> fy;tp fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Mfpa E}y;fs;
thrf
tuNtw;igg;
ngw;wJld;
gy
gjpg;Gf;fis
fz;Ls;sd.
4

njhiyf;fhl;rp> thndhyp epfo;r;rpfs;

,yq;if K];ypk; Nritapy; gy tUlq;fshf njhlh; Ngr;Rf;fs;> tpN\l jpd ciufs;>
Fj;ghg; gpurq;fq;fs;> fye;Jiuahly;fs;> my;Fh;Md; tpsf;fq;fs;> ukohd;
epfo;r;rpfs;> kzpnkhopfs;> ,];yhkpa ew;rpe;jid Nghd;w epfor;rpfspy;
,th; gq;fspj;Js;shh;. ,it jtpu> 'mugh jpd Neub mQ;ry;" K];ypk; ehLfs;
(njhlh; Ngr;R) 'K];ypk; rpWghd;ik ehLfs; (njhlh; Ngr;R)" 'eilKiw
tho;tpy; ,];yhk; (njhlh; Ngr;R)" Nghd;w epfo;r;rpfs; gyuJ tuNtw;igAk;
ngw;w epfo;r;rpfshFk;. mNj Neuk; gy njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfspYk;
gq;Fgw;wpAs;shh;;. jw;NghJ ,th;> fyhepjp Rf;upNahL ,ize;J 'igj;Jy; `pf;khmwptuq;fk;" vDk; epfor;rpia rpwg;ghf elhj;jp tUfpd;whh;.
fUj;juq;Ffs;> khehLfs;> fy;tpKfhk;fs;> tpthjq;fs;
m\;n\a;f; mfhu; K`k;kj; mtu;fs; fPk;tUk; fUj;juq;Ffs;> khehLfs;>
fy;tpKfhk;fs;>
tpthjq;fspy;
fye;J
nfhz;L
gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;jik
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
1. gpj;mj; fUj;juq;F
2. ]fhj; fUj;juq;F
3. kj;`g;fs; gw;wpa fUj;juq;F
4. my;Fh;Md;> Rd;dh fUj;juq;F
5. gpf;`{y; mfy;ypahj; fUj;juq;F
6. ,[;jp`hj; fUj;juq;F
7. fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; fUj;juq;F
8. r%f xw;Wik khehLfs;
9. \PM fUj;juq;F
10.

rPwh khehL

11.

[k;,a;aj; jyghtpd; ,isQh; khehLfs;

12.

%d;W Neuj; njhOif Fwpj;j tpthjk;

gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;:
1. ,];yhk; ghl Mrpupah;fSf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;
2. muGg;ghl Mrpupah;fSf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;
5

3. K];ypk; Mrpupah;fSf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;

4. K];ypk; mjpgh;fSf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;
5. cykhf;fSf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;
6. jh<fSf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;
7. fjPg;khh;fSf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;
8. ngz; jh<f;fs;> Mypkhf;fSf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs;
j/thg; gazq;fs;
rh;tNjr uPjpahf gy ehLfSf;Fk; j/th gazq;fis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;shh;. ,th;; gazk;
Nkw;nfhz;l ehLfs;:
.mT];jpNuypah
.yz;ld;
.Fitj;
.kNy\pah
.g`;iud;
.rpq;fg;G+h;
.,e;jpah
.rT+jp mNugpah
j/th Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf khj;jpukd;wp fy;tprhh; Nehf;fq;fSf; fhfTk; gy;NtW
ehLfSf;F gazq;fis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;shh;.
If;fpa muG ,uhr;rpak; (UAE)
Fitj;
ghfp];jhd;
g`;iud;
kNy\pah
rT+jp mNugpah
,g;gazq;fspd; NghJ ,th; rh;tNjr uPjpahf Gfo; ngw;w epWtdq;fisAk;
juprpj;Js;shh;.
. [k;,a;aj;Jy; ,];yh`; my; ,[;jpkh<
6

. my;`a;mJy; ifupa;ah my; Mykpa;ah my;,];yhkpa;ah

. [k;,a;aj; mg;Jy;yh`; me;E}up my; ifupa;ah
. igj;J]; ]fhj;
. Fitj; gy;fiyf;fofk;
. ,];yhkpf; gTd;Nl\d; - yz;ld;
. yz;ld; gy;fiyf;fofk; (SOAS-School of Oriental and African Studies)
. K];ypk; va;l; - yz;ld
. ,];yhkpa miog;Gg; gzp ikak; - yz;ld;
. ,];yhkpf; fTd;]py; xg; tpf;Nlhupah - nky;gd;
. itl; nrgy; gssp;thry; - yz;ld;
. IIU - ghfp];jhd; (International Islamic University)
. ,f;u/ upN]h]; nrd;lh; (ek;gpf;if rQ;rpif - kNy\pah)
. nfg; - (gpdhq;F)
. k];[pj; ,e;jpah (kNy\pah)
. jpUtdhq;NfhL K];ypk; A+dpad; - rpq;fg;G+h;
,];yhkpa mwpQh;fSldhd njhlh;G
rkfhy ,];yhkpa cyfpy; ,];yhkpa vOr;rpf;fhf cioj;J tUk;
mwpQh;fSld; m\;n\a;f; mfhh; K`k;kj; mwpKfkhdth;.
Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wf; $bNahh;:
fyhepjp n\a;f; A+]{g; my; fh;shtp - flhh;
fyhepjp `{i]d; `hkpj; `];]hd; - vfpg;J
Nguhrpupah; m`;kj; m];]hy; - vfpg;J
fyhepjp `]d; m\;\hgp< - vfpg;J

Kf;fpakhd
mth;fspy;

 fyhepjp Fh;\pj; m`;kj; - yz;ld;

Nguhrpupah; mdP]; m`;kj; - ghfp];jhd;
fyhepjp kdh]ph; m`;]d; - yz;ld;
fyhepjp fkhy; `]d; - yz;ld;
Nguhrpupah; m];kp ckh; - kNy]pah
fyhepjp jkpod;gd; - ,e;jpah
fyhepjp lhj;Njh ,f;ghy; - kNy]pah
K`k;kj; ,j;uP]; - kNy]pah
fyhepjp ]kPh; - g`;iud;
n\a;f; uh\pj; my;fd;Z}\p - yz;ld;
n\a;f; ehjph; E}up - Fitj;
fyhepjp ]{iykhd; my; mjPfp - Fitj; ,th;fNshL kiwe;j kh;`{k;fshd n\a;f;
my; f];]hyp> nksyhdh mGy;`]d; me;ej;tp MfpNahUf;Fk; ,th;
mwpKfkhdth;.
Mh;tk; fhl;Lk; Jiwfs;
. `jP]{k; mjd; fiyfSk;
. j/th
. ,];yhkpa fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; njhopw;ghL
. ,];yhkpa cstsj;Jiz
. gpf;`{y; mfy;ypahj; (rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd gpf;`;)
. ,];yhkpa epjp> tq;fpay;
rpe;jidAk; MSikAk;
,];yhkpa vOr;rp> r%fkhw;w jsq;fspy; mf;fiwf;Fupa gy;NtW tplaq;fspy;
gq;nfLj;Js;s
,th;
jhd;
Kd;itf;Fk;
rpe;jidf;F
KOg;nghWg;Gs;stuhf
ele;Jnfhs;fpwhh;;. ,];yhkpa rpe;jidapy; eLepiyg; Nghf;iff; filg;gpbf;Fk; ,th;
8

gpujhd ePNuhl;lj;jpy; gzpGuptijAk; Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik fhz;gijAk;

typAWj;jp tUfpd;whh;. ,];yhkpa mikg;Gf;fSf;fpilapy; ,iltpidahw;Wjy;>
rf[Ptd epiy epd;W ,dq;fSf;fpilapy; ey;ypzf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy;> gy;NtW
ehfupf> kjg; gz;ghLfSf;fpilapy; ciuahly;fis epfo;j;Jjy; ,tuJ mf;fiwf;Fupa
tplaq;fshFk;.
,];yhkpaj;Jiwia mjd; epakq;fSf;Nfw;gTk; me;j epakq;fspypUe;J tOthkYk;
mjw;Fupa xOfyhw;W eilKiwia kPwhkYk; nfhz;L nry;Yk; Discipline ,th;
vOj;Jf;fspYk; Ngr;Rf;fspYk; mbehjkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mjhtJ tpjpKiw Nehf;F
jtwh
gapy;KiwNa
,th;
filgpbf;Fk;
eilKiwahFk;.
vspik> njspT> kugpy; Gj;Japh;g;ghf;fk;> rh;tNjrj;jd;ik ,th; vOj;jpYk;
Ngr;rpYk; tputpf;fplf;Fk; MSikg;gz;GfshFk;.
n\a;f; mfhh; mth;fspd; Gyik tY mwG topapyhd etPd ,];yhkpa rpe;jid epiy
epd;W
,d;iwa
K];ypk;
tho;tpay;
vjph;Nehf;Fk;
neUf;fbfisg;
ghprPypg;gjhFk;. mtuJ vOj;Jk; ciuAk; njupe;j fUj;Jg;Gyq;fSf;F ek;ik
mwpahj Kiwapy; mioj;Jr; nry;tJjhd;. NtW thh;j;ijapy; $Wtjhapd; ,th; vq;F
NgrpdhYk;

ciuahbdhYk; mq;Nf fhJfSk; xl;bf;nfhs;Sk; msTf;F Xh; <h;g;gpUf;fpwJ.

Neuk; gw;wpa gpuf;iQ vohJ fhy ntspiaf; fle;J nry;tJjhd; mtuJ ciuapd;
mw;Gjk;. mdh;j;jk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; Mw;wpa ciuAk;
rpWghd;ikf;fhd gpf;`; gw;wpa Ma;TiuAk; nrOikAk; KOikAk; nfhz;ljhFk;.
Rd;dh gw;wpa Mokhd mwpTk;> tuyhw;Wg; gpuf;iQAk; rh;tNjr
Clhl;lq;fSk;> j/th> r%fg; gzpfSk; mth; MSikiag; gspr;rpl;Lf;
fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,r;rpwpa jPtpypUe;J mtuJ MSik ntspg;gl;L rh;tNjr gug;Gf;Fs;
tpfrpf;fj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ

esPk; `hIpahH gw;wp N\a;f; mfhH mtHfSldhd my;`]dhjpd; Ngl;b 10

K];ypk;fs; epyj;ij ,og;gijtpl cs;sj;ij ,og;gNj Mgj;jhdJ

16

tzf;f topghLfs; njhlh;ghdit

22

nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy;> r%f cwTfs; njhlHghdit

44

,isa jiyKiwAk;> ,];yhj;jpd; topfhl;lYk;

56

j/thTk; rNfhju ,dj;jth;fSk;

58

etPd njhlh;ghly; Clfq;fSk; ,];yhkpa j/thTk;

59

xU gy;ypd rKjhaj;jpy; thOk; K];ypk; rpWghd;ik gw;wpaJk; gpw r%fq;fSldhd

mjd; cwTfs; gw;wpaJkhd \hPMtpd; fz;Nzhl;lk;
61
]_wh my;gyj;

76
77

vz;zq;fSk; nray;fSk;

10

egpfshh; kPJ ngha;Aiuj;jy;

80

fypkh nkhopgth; kPJ tpjpahFk; flikfs;

82

,];yhk; ,yFthd khh;f;fk;

86

mj;jt;`Pj;

89

gpj;mj;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;

92

gpj;mj;fis xopg;gjw;fhd topKiwfs;

100
107

Nghijg; nghUs; ghtid: Xu; ,];yhkpa Nehf;F

jpUkzk; xH ,];yhkpaf; fz;Nzhl;lk;

113

ngz;fspd; Mil

121

j/th ghijapy; vjph;Nehf;Fk; jilfs;

127

xw;Wik fhyj;jpd; Njit> rd;khu;f;ff; flik

133

twpNahh;f;F cjtpf;fuk; ePl;Lq;fs;. ukohd; Gfl;Lk; ghlkpJ

137

my;FHMdpa MSikia cUthf;FtJ vg;gb?

141

fy;tp> fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; - egpfshupd; topfhl;ly;fs;;

148
155

k];[pj;fSk; r%fg; Gduikg;Gk;

tsh;e;J tUk; tpQ;Qhd njhopy; El;gk; ,];yhj;jpw;F mr;RWj;jyh?

161

ghypay; - XH ,];yhkpa ghHit

166

Gj;jhz;Lr; nra;jp

173

tpidj;jjpwd; kpf;f Fj;ghf;fis mikj;Jf;nfhs;tJ vg;gb?

11

174

esPk; `hIpahH gw;wp N\a;f; mfhH

mtHfSldhd
my;`]dhjpd;
Ngl;b
my;`]dhj;: esPk; `h[pahUld; neUq;fpa cwitf; nfhz;ltHfSs; xUth; vd;w tifapy;
cq;fSf;Fk;
mtUf;Fkpilapyhd
cwT
Fwpj;J
rw;W
tpsf;FtPHfsh?
gjpy; : ehd; [hkpah esPkpa;ahTf;F khztdhf Eioe;j ehs; Kjy; mtUl dhd cwT
Muk;gpj;jJ. esPkpa;ah gl;lg;gbg;ig Kbj;Jtpl;L esPkpa;ah tphpTiuahsh;
Fohj;jpy; ,ize;jNghJ `h[pahUldhd vdJ cwT mjpfhpj;jJ. esPkpa;ahtpd;
cj;jpNahfj;jH vd;gjw;F mg;ghYk; neUf;fkhd cwTk; njhlHGk; ,Ue;jJ. mtH
vd;Dld; mjpf md;G itj;jpUe;jhh;. mbf;fb vd;NdhL njhiy Ngrpapy;
ciuahLthH. vdJ tPl;bw;F tUthH. ve;epiyapYk; mtUila tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;W
12

mtiur; re;jpf;Fk; mDkjpia vdf;Fj; je;jpUe;jhh;. filrp epkplk; tiu `h[pahUld;

neUf;fkhd cwitf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. `h[pahhpd; &`; gphpe;jNghJk;
mt;tplj;jpy; ehDk; fyhjpep vk;.V.vk;. Rf;hpAk; $lNt ,Ue;Njhk;.
my;`]dhj; : ,yq;if [khmj;Nj ,];yhkpapd; ntspaPlhd my;`]dhj;jpy; esPk; `h[pahH
njhlh;ghf tpN\l ,jo; ntspapLk; msTf;F [khmj;jpw;F esPk; `h[pahh; kPjhd
flikg;ghLfs; cz;lh?
gjpy; : esPk; `h[pahH njhlHghf my;`]dhj; tpN\l ,jo; ntspapLtij Kd;dpl;L
rk;ge;jg;gl;l epUthfpfSf;F ed;wpfisj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. ,t;thwhdnjhU
tpN\l ,jio ntspapLksTf;F [khmj;Nj ,];yhkp esPk; `h[pahh; vd;w ,yl;rpa
GU\Uf;F flikg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;Nw fUj Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W njklnfhl tPjp ,yf;fk;
204/1 ,y; mike;jpUf;fpd;w [khmj;Nj ,];yhkpapd; Muk;gfhy jiyikf;
fhhpahyakhd jhUy; mHfk; fl;blj;ij thq;Ftjw;F Kaw;rpj;jNghJ nghUshjhu
neUf;fbia [khmj; re;jpj;jJ. mg;NghJ mjid thq;Ftjw;F `h[pahH epjpAjtpapid
nra;jhH. ,J [khmj;jpd; Muk;g fhy tsHr;rpapy; `h[pahH toq;fpa Kf;fpa
xj;Jiog;ghFk;. mj;NjhL [khmj;Nj ,];yhkpapd; vy;yh tifahd tsHr;rpapYk;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpYk; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;JtjpYk; [hkpM esPkpa;ahtpd;
gl;ljhhpfspd; gq;F Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,d;W [khmj;Nj ,];yhkpapd; mkPH cl;gl
Kf;fpa gzpfspy; gy esPkpf;fs; gq;nfLj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ,t;thwhdnjhU
khw;wj;jpw;F `h[pahupd; ,yl;rpa ,y;ykhfpa esPkpah Jiz epd;wpUf;fpwJ
vd;w ngUik `h[pahUf;F fpilj;j ntw;wp vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. ,jid kw;nwhU
Nfhzj;jpy; nrhy;Ytjhapd; [khmj;Nj ,];yhkpapd; j/th> rpe;jid> topKiwfs;
vd;gtw;NwhL
xd;wpj;Jr;
nry;fpd;w>
vkJ
ehl;by;
,];yhj;jpw;fhf
ciof;fpd;w ,d;Dk; gy mikg;Gf;fspYk; epWtdq;fspYk; esPkpf;fspd;
fhj;jpukhd gq;fspg;Gfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; cUthf;fj;jpw;Fk; `h[pahhpd;
rpe;jidfs; Muk;gkha; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. vdNt ,e;j tifahd milTfSf;F
fhuzkha; mike;jtiu epidTgLj;Jtij [khmj;jpd; flg;ghlhf; nfhs;tjpy; jtwpy;iy.
my;`]dhj; : `h[pahhpd; tpN\l Fzhk;rq;fs; vd;d?
gjpy;: mtUila Fzq;fs;> ,ay;Gfs;> elj;ijfs; vd;gtw;iwg; ghHf;fpd;w NghJ
xt;nthUtUk; Kd;khjphpahff; nfhs;s Ntz;ba gy Fzq;fs;> elj;ijfs; mthplk;
,Uf;fpd;wd.
Mokhd ,iw ek;gpf;if.
esPk; `h[pahiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtH ve;j xU tplaj;ijAk; ,k;ik> kWik vd;W
Nehf;Ftjpy;iy. midj;ijAk; Mokhd ,];yhkpa Nehf;FlNdNa ghHg;ghH. mtUld;
ve;jnthU mkHtpy; ,Ue;jhYk; mjpy; Md;kpfk; njhlHghd thHj;ijfs;jhd;
mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. epUthfj;JiwNahL rk;ge;jg;gl;l> nghUshjhu tplaq;fNshL
njhlHghd midj;jpYk; Mokhd ,iw ek;gpf;ifAk; ,iwar;rKk; fye;jpUf;Fk;.
mtUila mrhjhuz ntw;wpf;F ,Jjhd; mbg;gil vd;gij cWjpahfr; nrhy;yyhk;.
Neuk; jtwhj gof;fk;

13

`h[pahiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; ve;jnthU tptfhuj;jpYk; Neuk; jtwhky; chpa

Neuj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w mofpa Kd;khjphp mtUf;F ,Ue;jJ. ,d;W vk;Kila r
%fj;jpy; Gj;jp[Ptpfsplk; $l Fiwe;jpUf;fpd;w ,e;jg; gz;G `h[pahhplk;
epiwaNt ,Ue;jJ. mNjNeuk; VjhtJ $l;lq;fs; mkHTfSf;F Vidath;fs; jhkjpj;J
tUtijf; $l mtH tpUk;gkhl;lhH. rpyNghJ mtHfis mt;tplj;jpNyNa
fz;bg;gtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. ,JTk; mtuplk; ehk; fw;Wf;;;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kf;fpa
Kd;khjphpjhd;.

ek;gpf;ifAk; ehzaKk;
Ie;jhk; tFg;Gtiu gbj;jtH nghUshjhuj;Jiwapy; Gfo;ngw mbg;gilaha; ,Ue;j
gz;Gfspy; ,JTk; xd;W. epiwa nghUshjhu tsk; gilj;jtHfsplk; FiwthfNt ,Uf;Fk;
,g;gz;Gfs; `h[pahhplk; epiwaNt ,Ue;jd. 1960 Mk; Mz;L jdJ tho;tpy;
jpUg;gk;
Vw;gl;l
Mz;L
vdf;
$Wk;
`h[pahh;>
mt;thz;by;
`[;i[ epiwNtw;wpdhH. md;W Kjy; xU J}a;ikahd tho;it jhd; Muk;gpj;jjhf
nrhy;thh;. mtH ahUf;Fk; cgNjrpf;Fk; NghJk; gpd;tUk; thHj;ijiaj;jhd;
nrhy;thh;. 'vdJ tpahghuj;jpy; ehd; gj;J &ghitf; $l ngha; nrhy;yp
rk;ghjpj;jjpy;iy. ,jidNa ePq;fSk; filg;gpbAq;fs;"|cz;ikapy; ,e;j thHj;ijf;Fg;
gpd;dhy; ,];yhkpa Nehf;fpyhd nghUshjhur; rpe;jidapd; mbg;gilfs; ,Ug;gij
vq;fshy; fhz KbAk;. khzpf;ff; fy; tpahghuk; gy neUf;fbfSf;F kj;jpapy;
nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy;fis nra;a Ntz;ba tpahghu eltbf;if. vdpDk; mjid ,j;jid
Neh;ikf;F kj;jpapy; nra;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;;why; mjid ehk; vt;tsT nkr;r
Ntz;Lk;!
Jzpr;ry;
kpfTk; Jzpr;ry; epiwe;jtH esPk; `h[pahH. ve;j xU tplaj;ijAk; nra;tjw;F
Kd;Gk; ed;F rpe;jpg;ghH> fye;jh Nyhrpg;ghH. KbntLj;jhy; Jzpr;ryhf
epiwNtw;WthH. my;FHMdpd; thh;j;ijfSk; 'ePq;fs; xU tplaj;jpy; cWjp
G+z;lhy; my;yh`; kPJ G+uzkhd ek;gpf;if itAq;fs;" vd;Nw $WfpwJ. ,t;
my;Fh;Mdpa thh;j;ijfis esPk; `h[pahH eilKiwg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bapUf;fpwhH.
vspikahd tho;f;if
esPk; `h[pahhpd; ,sik tho;T kpfTk; tWikkpf;fjhf ,Ue;jJ. gy f\;lq;fSf;F
kj;jpapy; tho;tpid elj;jpr; nrd;wpUf;fpwhH. vdpDk; mtH gpw;fhyj;jpy;
nghpa nfhilahspahfTk; Njrpa> rHtNjr kl;lj;jpy; Gfo; ngw;w NghJk;
vspikahd kNdhepiyAlNdNa ,Ue;jhH. mtiug; gw;wp ahUk; Gfo;e;J
Ngrpdhy; my;yJ ghuhl;bdhy; mtH $Wk; thHj;ij ,Jjhd; 'vd;idg; Nghd;w
Mw;wypYk; mwptpYk; Fiwe;j xUtidf; nfhz;L my;yh`; vg;gb Ntiyfisr; nra;a
itj;jpUf;fpwhd;.
,t;thwhd
rf;jp
gilj;j
my;yh`;Tf;Nf
Gfoidj;Jk;
my;`k;Jypy;yh`;"|vd;W rhjhuzkhf $wptpLthH. ngUikNah> fHtNkh mtUf;F
Vw;gl;ljpy;iy. ,g;gz;gpid vkJ r%fj;jpy; gzk;gilj;j> mwpT Mw;wy; kpf;f
vy;NyhhplKk; fhzKbahJ.

14

Muk;gfhy tho;f;ifia kPl;Ljy;

Gfo;ngw;wtH gyH jq;fsJ Muk;gfhy tho;f;if kPl;lg;gLtij nghJthf
tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. Mdhy; esPk; `h[pahH nghpa NkilfspYk; jd;Dila tho;f;if
tuyhw;iw nrhy;Ytjw;F ntl;fg;gLtjpy;iy. tpN\l itgtq;fspYk; Gfo;ngw;w
mwpQHfs; kj;jpapYk; ,g;gbj;jhd; mtUila thHj;ijfs; ,Uf;Fk;: ',e;j esPk; ahH
njhpAkh? kpfTk; tWikkpf;f rpWtdhapUe;jtH. vd;Dila ck;kh ,uT gfyhf fz;
tpopj;J jphpf;fpd;w XhpU fapw;W Kbfis tpw;Wj;jhd; xU mg;gKk; fhy;
,whj;jy; ghZk; thq;fp fhiy Neu rhg;ghLfis vdJ FLk;gk; rhg;gpLk;. ghZf;F
fwpapy;yh tpl;lhy; mjid mk;kpapy; Nja;j;J ehd; rhg;gpLNtd;. ,uT Ntisfspy;
vd;Dila ck;kh ePz;l Neuk; tpopj;jpUg;ghH. J}q;fpdhy; ftdkhfj; J}q;FthH.
fhuzk; vq;fSila tPl;Lf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; <ug; gyhkuk; xd;W ,Ue;jJ. mjpy; ,uT
Neuj;jpy; <ug;gyh tpOe;jhy; gf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w khnlhd;W clNd rhg;gpl;L
tpLk;. vdNt khL rhg;gpl;L tplhky; <ug;gyhit vLj;J fhiy Neu> gfy; Neu
rhg;ghl;Lf;fhf mjid nghWf;fp tUthH. ,t;thWjhd; ,e;j esPKila tho;f;if
fope;jpUf;fpwJ."||
J}uNehf;Fld; rpe;jpg;gth;
,J esPk; `h[pahUf;Nf chpa tpN\l gz;G> ve;j xU tplaj;jpYk; J}u
Nehf;FlNdNa mtH rpe;jpg;ghH. 1973 Mk; Mz;L esPkpa;ah cUthf;fg;gl;l
NghJ mjid ,UgJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Vf;fH epyj;jpy; cUthf;fj; jpl;lkpl;lhh;.
mg;NghJ gpuNjr kf;fSk; Gj;jp[PtpfSk; $l xU muG kj;u]hTf;fhf Vd; ,t;thW
epyj;ijAk; gzj;ijAk; nryT nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfs;tp vOg;gpdhHfs;. MdhYk;
`h[pahH mjid jd;Dila rpe;jidapy; ntWk; kj;u]h vd;w epiyapy; ,y;yhky;
Kd;Ndhbg; gy;fiyf;fofkhf epidj;J ePz;lfhy jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil apNyNa
cUthf;fpdhh;. Nkw;nrhd;d gz;Gfs; esPk; `h[pahhpd; tho;tpy; ehd; fz;l>
mtUila ntw;wpf;F fhuzkha; mike;jitahfr; nrhy;y KbAk;.
my;`]dhj;: cq;fSld; `h[pahh; fye;JiuahLk;NghJ mjpfkhf vt;thwhd tplaq;fisg;
NgRthh;?
gjpy; : esPk; `h[pahiug; nghWj;j tiuapy; ve;NeuKk; vf;fl;lj;jpYk;
Kf;fpakhd ,uz;L tplaq;fisj;jhd; mjpfkjp fkhf NgRgtuhf ,Ue;jhH. xd;W
esPkpahitg;
gw;wpaJ.
esPkpa;ahtpd;
vjpHfhyk;
xspkakhdjhfTk;
ntw;wpfukhdjhfTk;
mika
Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjw;fhfNt
mtH
mjpfkjpfk;
rpe;jpg;gtuhfTk; nraw;gLgtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. kw;iwaJ Md;kpfk; gw;wpaJ.
esPk; `h[pahH vg;NghJk; fg;Wila tho;f;if> kWik tho;f;if Rtdk; eufj;jpd;
epiy Nghd;w tplaq;fis mbf;fb Qhgfg;gLj;JthH. jdf;F mUshff; fpilf;fg;
ngw;w nrhj;Jf; fisf; nfhz;L jdJ nghWg;ig rhpahf epiwNtw;wptpl;Nldh vd;W
mbf;fb jd;idj;jhNd Nfl;Lf; nfhs;gtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. jtpuTk; khHf;fg;
gpur;rpidfNshL rk;ge;jg;gl;l tptfhuq;fisAk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa mwpKfj;ijAk;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F NjlYk; tpUg;gKk; cilatuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH.
my;`]dhj;: `h[pahh; nrhy;fpd;w fUj;Jf;fspy; cq;fs; kdjpy; mjpfkhd jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;jpa my;yJ rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;ba fUj;jhf VJk; ,Uf;fpwjh?
15

gjpy;: `h[pahUldhd vdJ mDgtj;jpy; Vuhskhd fUj;Jf;fs; vd;id rpe;jpf;fj;

J}z;bapUf;;;fpd;wd. rpyNghJ `h[pahh; mtUila tho;f;ifapy; gy Nfhl;ghLfis
itj;J mjd; gpufhuk;jhd; ve;jnthU tplaj;ijAk; rpe;jpg;gtuhfTk; KbTfis
vLg;gtuhfTk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;. ,J gyUk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;banjhU Kd;khjphp.
mtw;Ws; ,uz;L tplaq;fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;. KjyhtJ> nry;tk; vd;gJ my;yh`;tpd;
mUs; my;y> mJ xU Nrhjidg;;; nghUs;. vdpDk; mjidg;;; ngw;wth;jhd; mjid
mUshf khw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mLj;J> xt;nthU kdpjUf;Fk; ,U fz;fs;
,Uf;fpd;wd. mjpy; xd;W ,k;ikia ghh;g;gjw;F kw;iwaJ kWikiag;
ghh;g;gjw;F. ,f;fUj;Jf;fspd; gpd;dzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; jj;Jtq;fSk; jhj;ghpaq;fSk;
cz;ikapy; rpe;jpf;fg;gl Ntz;baitNa.
my;`]dhj;: esPk; `h[pahUila gzpfspy; Kjd;ikahdjhf vjidf; fUJfpwPHfs;?
gjpy; : esPk; `h[pahH thh;j;ijfshy; nrhy;y KbahjsT gy gzpfis
nra;jpUf;fpwhH. mtw;Ws;. fy;tpj;Jiwf;F nra;j gzpia Kjd;ikahdjhff; fUj
KbAk;. ,yq;if K];ypk;fSila fy;tp tsHr;rp gpd;jq;fpapUe;j epiyapy;
khztHfSf;Fk; ghlrhiyfSf;Fk; cjTtjw;fhf kWkyHr;rp ,af;fj;ij cUthf;fpdhH.
mNjNghd;W khztHfspd; njhopEl;gf; fy;tpapid tpUj;jp nra;J mjD}lhf
njhopy;tha;g;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf ,f;u/ njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}hp
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,it midj;ijAk; tplTk; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fy;tp tsHr;rpapYk;
rpe;jid khw;wj;jpYk; ngUk; jpUg;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa [hkpM esPkpa;ahtpd;
cUthf;fk; xU rhjid!
my;`]dhj;: `h[pahhpd; ,Wjp ehl;fspy; Qhgf kwjp> epidT jLkhw;w epiyapy;
,Ue;jNghJk; esPkpa;ahTldhd njhlHgpy; ghjpg;Gf;fs; ,Ue;jjh?
gjpy;: mtUila ,Wjpf; fhyk; epidT jLkhw;wk; kpf;fjhfTk; Qhgf kwjp
kpf;fjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ cz;ik. mtH gytw;iw kwe;jpUe;jhH. vdpDk; esPkpa;ahit
khj;jpuk; mtH jd;Dila ,Wjp %r;Rtiu kwf;ftpy;iy. ,uz;L %d;W tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;G esPkpa;ahtpd; nghWg;Gf;fis cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhf kfd; ahf;$j;
esPkplk; xg;gilj;jpUe;jhYk; esPkpa;ahtpd; midj;J tplaq;fspYk; `h[pahH
fye;J nfhz;lhH. ve;jg; gazj;jpw;Fk; NghfhjtH> ve;j itgtj;jpYk; fye;J
nfhs;shjth; esPkpa;ah tplaq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;gtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. mNjNghd;W
mtH gpd;tUkhW nrhy;;yp te;jpUf;fpwhh;. 'ehd; vd;Dila ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy;
gLf;ifapypUe;jhYk; esPkpa;ahtpd; tplaq;fs; vd;W nrhd;dhy; rf;fu
ehw;fhypapy; itj;jhtJ vd;id mioj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;"| vdNtjhd;> mtUila
tghj;jpw;F xU thuj;jpw;F Kd;Gk; esPkpa;ahtpy; Gjpjhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L
,Uf;fpd;w j/th mflkpf;fhd fl;llj; njhFjpf;F mbf;fy; ehl;Ltjw;fhf `h[pahH
miof;fg;gl;bUe;jhH.
mg;nghOJ
mtH
fLikahd
Nehapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhH. cly; epiy kpfTk; gytPdg; gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk; $l fhhpy;
mioj;J tug;gl;L mf;fl;llj;Jf;fhd mbf;fy;iy mtH jd; ifahy; jltpf; nfhLj;jhH.
,t;thW ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpYk; esPkpa;ahTld; njhlHgl;ltuhf `h[pahH ,Ue;jhH.
tghj;jhFtjw;F XhpU khjq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;w epiyapy; nfhOk;G itj;jpa rhiyapy;
rpfpr;ir ngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j NghJ ehd; mq;F nrd;wpUe;Njd;. mtuJ cly;epiy
kpfTk; Nkhrkhf ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJk; vd;dplk; jdf;F fhR Ntz;Lk; vd;whh;. ehd;
Vd; vd;W tpdtpNdd;. esPkpa;ahTf;fhf nfhOk;gpy; ,d;DnkhU fl;llk;
16

thq;fpg; Nghl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhH. esPk; `h[pahUila xt;nthU

epkpl epidTfspYk;; esPkpa;ah vd;w rpe;jidNahLjhd; tho;e;jpUf;fpwhH
vd;gjw;F ,Jnthd;;;;;Nw NghJkhd rhd;whf nrhy;yyhk;. ,t;thwhdNjhh;
cah;e;j ,yl;rpaj;NjhLjhd; `h[pahH tho;e;J tpl;Lr; nrd;whH. vdNtjhd; mtUila
Mirapd; gpufhuk; esPkpa;ahtpNyNa mth; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lhh;. mJ
kl;Lkd;wp nfhOk;gpy; ng\d; gf;| vd;w Mil epWtdk; mike;jpUf;fpd;w fl;llj;
njhFjpapid jdf;Fg; gpd;dhy; jd; kidtpf;Fk; kidtpapd; kiwtpw;Fg; gpd;G
mjid esPkpa;ahtpw;Fk; toq;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; t]pa;aj; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;.
my;`]dhj;: esPk; `h[pahH esPkpa;ah tshfj;jpy; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ njhlHghf
mgpg;gpuha Ngjq;fs; ntspaplg;gl;bUf;fpwNj?
gjpy; : cz;ikjhd;. esPk; `h[pahH jhd; esPkpa;ah tshfj;jpy; mlf;fk;
nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W t]pa;aj; nra;jJ ,d;W New;wy;y. 1986 ,y; ',yq;if
K];ypk;fspd;
tuyhW"
vd;w
njhdpg;nghUspy;
fUj;juq;nfhd;W
eilngw;wNghJ> mt;tplj;jpy; itj;J vd;dplk; ehd; nksj;jhfpaJk; vd;id
esPkpa;ahtpy; jhd; mlf;fk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhH. mjw;F mtH
,uz;L fhuzq;fisAk; nrhd;dhH. KjyhtJ esPkpa;ah tshfk; mike;jpUf;Fk; G+kp
guf;fj; epiwe;jJ. my;yh`;tpd; mUs; vg;NghJk; mjw;F ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt
mt;thwhdnjhU g+kpapy; ehd; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gLtjw;F tpUk;GfpNwd;.
mLj;jJ tshfj;jpy; vd;id mlf;fk; nra;jhy; fw;fpd;w khztHfs;> fw;w khztHfs;
kw;Wk; tUgtHfs; midtUk; vdf;fhf gpuhHj;jid GhpthHfs;. ,jw;fhfj;jhd; ehd;
esPkpa;ahtpy; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gLtij t]pa;aj;jhf nrhy;fpNwd; vd `h[pahH
Fwpg;gpl;lhH. ,J mtUila kidtp> gps;isfs; cl;gl FLk;gj;jpYk; gyUf;Fk;
njhpe;j tplak;. esPkpa;ah epUthfk;> tphpTiuahsHfs; MfpNahUk; ,jid
mwpe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. vdNtjhd;> `h[pahhpd; t]pa;aj;jpd;gb esPkpa;ah
tshfj;jpy;
mlf;fk;
nra;ag;gl;lhH.
my;`]dhj;: esPk; `h[pahhpd; ,og;G esPkpa;ahtpd; vjpHfhyj;jpy; ghjpg;Gf;fis
Vw;gLj;jhjh?
gjpy;: ,f;Nfs;tpapid gyUk; Nfl;fpd;wdh;;. my;yh`;tpd; fpUigahy;
mt;thwhdnjhU epiy Vw;glhJ. Vnddpy; esPkpa;ahtpd; cUthf;fk; esPk;
`h[pahhpd; J}a;ikahd rpe;jidf;F fpilj;j mWtiljhd;. mjpy; J}a Nehf;fj;ij jtpu
NtW ve;j Nehf;fKk; fLfsNtDk; ,y;iy. mtUila J}a;ikahd vz;zKk; JMf;fSk;
epr;rakhf my;yh`;tpdhy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L vjpHfhyj;jpYk; njhlUk;
vd;gJjhd; cz;ik. mNjNeuk; esPkpa;ahtpd; vjpHfhyk; xOq;fhf Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nry;yg;gl my;yh`; rpyfhuzpfisAk; mjw;fhf cUthf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpwhd;. mjpy;
KjyhtJ esPkpa;ahtpd; jiyikg; nghWg;G jw;nghOJ ahf;$j;esPkplk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. `h[pahhpd; J}a;ikahd rpe;jidf;Fk; gpuhHj;jidf;Fk;
Vw;w thhprhf ,tH ,Uf;fpwhH. njhlHe;Jk; epUthfj;ij ntw;wpfukhf Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nry;yf; $ba mwpTk; Mw;wYk; JzpTk; ,tUf;F ,Uf;fpwJ. mNjNeuk;
`h[pahhpd; kw;iwa gps;isfspd; xj;Jiog;Gk; esPkpa;ahtpd; tsh;r;rpf;F
g+uzkhf fpilf;Fk; vd;W cWjpahfr; nrhy;yyhk;.

17

esPkpa;ahit topelj;jf; $ba mwpTk; Mw;wYk; mjpf mDgtq;fisAk; nfhz;l

gzpg;ghsuhf fyhepjp vk;.V.vk; Rf;hp ,Uf;fpwhH. ,tUf;F esPk; `h[pahUld;
neUq;fpa njhlh;G ,Ue;jJ. esPkpa;ahtpd; cUthf;fj;jpYk; njhlHe;Njr;irahd
tsHr;rpapYk; 25 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf mjpfkhd gq;fspg;Gfis nra;jtH mth;. ,JTk;
esPkpa;ahtpd;
vjpHfhyj;jpy;
ek;gpf;ifahd
milahsk;jhd;.
kw;Wk;
esPkpa;ahtpd; midj;J tptfhuq;fspYk; xj;Jiog;G toq;ff; $ba cjtp nra;af; $ba
ghpghyd rig ,Uf;fpwJ. mNjNghd;W esPkpa;ahtpd; gl;ljhhpfNs ,q;F
tphpTiuahsHfshfTk; Nritahw;wp tUfpwhh;fs;. ,d;Dk;> ,th;fs; epUthf
tplaq;fspYk; gq;nfLj;J tUtJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,J esPkpa;ahTf;F fpilj;j
ngUk; ghf;fpakhfNt fUjNtz;Lk;. ,tHfspy; mwpT KjpHr;rpAk; gf;FtKk;
esPkpa;ahtpd; tsHr;rpf;F ngUk; Jizaha; mikAk;. ,d;Dk;> esPkpa;ahtpd;
xj;Jiog;gpy; ntw;wpfukhd gazj;jpy; esPkpa;ahtpd; gioa khztHfspd; cjtp
jw;NghJ Nghd;Nw vjpHfhyj;jpYk; njhlHe;Jk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;w Mokhd ek;gpf;if
vkf;F ,Uf;fpwJ.
esPkpa;ahtpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mtrpag;ghl;ilAk; rPdd;Nfhl;il kf;fs;
Ghpe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. mNjNghd;W CH jiyikj;JtKk; Ghpe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,JTk;
esPkpa;;ahit ntw;wpfukhf Kd;ndLg;gjpy; xj;Jiog;ghf mikAk; vd vkJ
gpuhHj;jidahfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. esPk; `h[pahhpd; ,yl;rpaj;ij rpe;jidia
thoitg;gjpy; ,th;fs; midtUk; njhle;Jk; xj;Jiog;ghHfs; vd;w Mokhd
ek;gpf;if ,Uf;fpwJ. epr;rakhf esPkpa;ahtpd; vjpHfhyk; xspkakha; mikAk;
vd;W G+uzkhf ek;GfpNwhk;.
my;`]dhj;: jw;nghOJ esPkpa;ahtpd; jiyikg; nghWg;ig ahf;$j; esPk;
Vw;wpUf;fpwhH. esPk; `h[pahiug; Nghd;Nw ,tUila gzpAk; fhj;jpukhf mikAk;
vd;w ek;gpf;if ,Uf;fpwjh?
gjpy;: esPk; `h[pahhpd; J}a;ikahd vz;zj;Jf;Fk; gpuhHj;jidf;Fk; fpilj;j
thhpRjhd; ,tH. ,sikj; Jbg;Gk;> khh;f;fg; gw;Wk;> r%f czh;Tk;> NgZjyhd
nraw;ghl;ilAk; nfhz;l ahf;$j; esPk; mtUila gzpfis MNuhf;fpakhf
epiwNtw;WthH vd;w ek;gpf;if ,Uf;fpwJ. Vnddpy; ,uz;L %d;W tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;Ng esPkpa;ahtpd; gpujpj; jiytH vd;w nghWg;gpid tfpj;j ,tH
mf;fhyj;jpy; nra;j gzpfs; fhj;jpukhf mike;jpUe;jd. vjpHfhyj;jpYk; mtUila
gzp MNuhf;fpakhf mikAk; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy.
my;`]dhj; : `h[pahhpd; kiwtpw;Fg; gpd;dH esPkpa;ahTldhd CH kf;fSila
xj;Jiog;G njhlh;gpy; VJk; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl tha;g;gpUf;fpwjh?
gjpy; : esPkpa;ah cUthf;fg;gl;lNghJ mjDila ,yl;rpaj;ijAk; Nghf;ifAk; vkJ r
%fj;jpy; gyh; rhpahf czutpy;iy. CH kf;fSk; mt;thWjhd; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sj;
jtwptpl;ldH. vdpDk; ,g;nghOJ ,e;epiy khwpapUf;fpwJ. esPkpa;ahtpd;
NjitiaAk; mtrpaj;ijAk; r%fj;ijg; Nghd;Nw CH kf;fSk; czHe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.
gs;spthay; gupghyd rig$l esPkpf;fSf;F jq;fSila fUj;Jf;fisr; nrhy;tjw;fhfTk;
gs;spthapy;fspy; ,lk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,JNthh; MNuhf;fpakhd
epiyjhNd!

18

my;`]dhj; : ,Wjpahf VJk; nrhy;tjhapd;?

ahH esPk; `h[pahhpd; mgpkhdpfs; vd;Wk; mthpd; Nerj;Jf;FhpatH vd;Wk;
fUJfpd;whNuh mtHfs; esPk; `h[pahUila fdthfTk; ,yl;rpakhfTk; ,Ue;j
esPkpa;ahtpd; vjpHfhyj;Jf;fhf xj;Jiog;Gf;fis toq;FtJ kpfTk; Vw;Gilajhf
,Uf;Fk; vd ehd; fUJfpNwd;.

K];ypk;fs; epyj;ij ,og;gijtpl cs;sj;ij

,og;gNj Mgj;jhdJ
Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;jpd;NghJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F ,d> kj Ngjq;fs; vy;iyfisf; fle;J
vkJ ehl;L kf;fs; cjtpg;gzpfspy; Kbe;jtiu <Lgl;lhh;fs;. ,t;thwhd gzpfspy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; kNdh epiyia Mw;Wg;gLj;Jk; nraw;wpl;lq;fSk;
gyjug;gpduhYk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ld. vkJ r%fj; jug;gpypUe;J <Lgl;lth;fSs;
[hkpM esPkpa;ahtpd; gpujpg;
gzpg;ghsUk; ehlwpe;j ,];yhkpa
mwpQUkhd m\;n\a;f; V.]P. mfhh; K`k;kj; (esPkp) Kjd;ikahdth;. ,];yhkpa
Nehf;fpy; csts MNyhrid| vd;w jiyg;gpy; mtUld; vq;fs; Njrk;|re;jpg;G xd;iw
Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
vq;fs; Njrk;: Rdhkp gw;wpa cq;fSila ghh;it?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: fle;j khjk; ,yq;ifiaAk; Vida ehLfisAk; ghjpj;j Rdhkp
,d;Wtiuf;Fk; kf;fspilNa gy;NtW jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy;
Rdhkp mdh;j;jk; njhlh;gpy; Kf;fpakhf %d;W Nehf;Ffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
KjyhtJ> rpyh; ,jid ,aw;if mdh;j;jNk jtpu kjq;fs;> kj mwpQh;fs; Fwpg;gpLtJ
Nghd;W ,J ,iw jz;lidNah> ,iwtdpd; NrhjidNah my;y vdf; fUJfpd;wdh;.
,uz;lhtJ> rpyh; ,jid jz;lidjhd; vd cWjpahff; $Wfpd;wdh;. %d;whtJ> ,J
,iwtdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l Nrhjid. ,J my;yh`;Tf;F khw;wkhf ele;jth;fSf;F
jz;lidahfTk;> ey;yth;fshf ,Ue;J caphpoe;jth;fSf;F \`hjj;jhfTk; Vida kf;fSf;F
gbg;gpidahfTk; mikfpwJ vd;W fUJfpd;wdh;. %d;whtJ fUj;Jld;jhd; ehDk;
cld;gLfpNwd;.
vq;fs; Njrk;: cstsj;Jiz> csts MNyhrid> Mw;Wg;gLj;jy; vd;gij vt;thW RUf;fkhf
tifg;gLj;jyhk;?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: ,J njhlh;gpy; Kf;fpakhf %d;W tifaPLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
1. cstsj;Jiz vd;Dk;NghJ jdpg;gl;l xUth; jd;Dila gpur;rpid> Jd;gk;
vd;gtw;iwj;
jhNd
jPh;j;Jf;nfhs;s
,d;DnkhUth;
cjTk;
eltbf;if.
2. mrhjhuz epiyapypUf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l xUtUila kNdhepiyia rhjhuz
kNdhepiyf;F
nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf
topfhl;Lk;
nraw;jpl;lk;.
3. gpur;rpidAld; tUk; xUtiu Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> mtiu kjpj;J mtUila
gpur;rpidiag; gw;wp tprhhpj;J mjid ,dq;fz;L> mtNuhL ciuahba

19

mikg;gpNyNa mtUf;fhd gbKiw mikg;gpy; gapw;rp toq;Fjy;. ,itjhd;

cstsj;Jiz vd;gjw;F RUf;fkhf toq;fg;gLfpd;w tiutpyf;fzq;fshFk;.
vq;fs; Njrk;: kjj;jpw;Fk;>(Md;kpfk;) cstsj; Jizf;FkpilNa njhlh;G ,Uf;fpwjh?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: cz;ikapy; ehd; Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l rpy
,lq;fspy; csts MNyhrid njhlh;ghf ,lk;ngw;w gy;NtW fye;Jiuahly;> MNyhrid
mkh;Tfspy; fye;Jnfhz;lNghJ gyh; vd;dplk; Nfl;l Nfs;tpfSs; ,JTk; xd;W mjhtJ
khh;f;fk; NtW cstsj;Jiz NtW vd;w fUj;jpNyNa Nfs;tpfis Kd;itj;jdh;.
cz;ikapy; etPd fhyj;jpNyNa cstpay;Jiw gy;NtW Kd;Ndw;wq;fisf; fz;bUg;gJ
cz;ikjhd;. vdpDk;> cstsj;Jizf;Fk; kjj;jpw;Fk; njhlh;gpy;iy vd;w fUj;ij Vw;f
KbahJ. cz;ikahd cstsg; gapw;rp vd;gJ Md;kpfj;JiwiaAk; ,izj;jjhf
nraw;gLfpd;w NghNj g+uzkhd ntw;wpiaAk;> tpisitAk; jUk;. fpwp];jtuhd
Nly; fhNdr; vd;w gpugykhd kdts MNyhrfh; jd;Dila How to stop worry and
start living, How to influence people and win friends vd;w E}w;fspy; mtUila
gy;NtW mDgtq;fis gfph;e;Jnfhs;fpwhh;. ,jpy; mth; $Wk; cWjpahd fUj;J
cstsj;Jiz
vg;NghJ
Md;kPfj;Jld;
Nrh;e;J
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wNjh
mg;NghJjhd; mjDila cz;ikahd Kbitf; fhzyhk; vd;gjhFk;. mt;thNw tpy;ypak;
N[k;]; vd;w csts MNyhrfUk; ,f;fUj;ij Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fp;whh;. Nehgy;
ghpRngw;w Gfo;ngw;w kUj;Jth; mnyf;]; fhuy; Man the unknown vd;w
E}ypy; kdpjd; jdf;F Vw;gLfpd;w Jd;gk;>
f\;lk;>
gpur;rpidfs;
vd;gtw;wpypUe;J epue;jukhd jPh;itg; ngw Ntz;Lk; vdpy; epr;rakhf
mtDf;F Md;kpf topfhl;ly;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ kl;LNk ,jDila
cz;ikahd ed;ikia mtDf;F mDgtpf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. MfNt kjj;jpw;Fk;>
cstsj;Jizf;Fk; njhlh;gpy;iy vd;gij Vw;f KbahJ. ,iw ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilahf
toq;fg;gLfpd;w cstsj;Jiwjhd; cz;ikahd ntw;wpiaj; jUk;.
vq;fs; Njrk;: ,];yhk; kdpjDila clk;ig tpl cs;sj;Jf;Nf mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jpUg;gJ
ajhh;j;jkhdJ. ,Jgw;wp?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: ,];yhj;jpd; ghh;itapy; kdpjd; gpujhdkhf ,uz;L $Wfisf;
nfhz;ltd;. cs;sk;> cly;> vd;gdNt mit. ,jid ,d;DnkhU thh;j;ijapy;
nrhy;tjhapd; kdpjd; #l;Rk cliyAk; (Spritual body)> ngsjpf cliyAk; (Physical
body) nfhz;ltd;. ,jpy; mtDila tho;f;ifapd; Xl;lKk;> ntw;wpAk; #l;Rk clypd;
MNuhf;fpaj;jpy;jhd; jq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
#l;Rk cly; vDk;NghJ mJ kdij ikag;gLj;jpajhFk;. Fwpg;ghf kiwkdk;>
Mo;kdk;> mjPj kdk;> gpugQ;r kdk; Mfpa kdq;fis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. ,itjhd;
kdpj kdjpy; Kf;fpakhd ,af;ff; $Wfs;. ,it Nrh;e;J xOq;fhd mikg;gpy;
nraw;gLk;NghNj kdpj %is MNuhf;fpakhd Kiwapy; ,aq;Fk;. %is
MNuhf;fpakhf ,aq;Fk;NghNj kdpj cly; rhpahf nraw;gLk;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhKk;
cs;sj;Jf;F mjpfkhd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. u]_y; ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk; mth;fSk;> kdpj clypy; xU jirg;gpz;lk; ,Uf;fpwJ> mJ
rPh;ngw;Wtpl;lhy; KO clYk; rPh;ngw;WtpLk;. mJ rPh;nfl;Ltpl;lhy; KO clYk;
rPh;nfl;LtpLk;. mJjhd; kdpj cs;skhFk;|vd;w fUj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;.
my;yh`{j;
jMyhTk;
kdpjDila
clk;igNah>
ntspj;
Njhw;wj;ijNah
20

ftdpg;gjpy;iy. kdpj cs;sj;ijNa ftdpf;fpwhd;. jtpuTk; my;Fh;Md;$l

egpath;fSf;F cs;sj;Jf;F ,wf;fg;gl;ljhfNt ,iwtd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhd;.
vdNt ,];yhj;jpd; ghh;itapYk; kdk;jhd; Kf;fpakhdJ. mjDila tsh;r;rpAk;>
nrOikAk;jhd; kdpj tho;itAk; ntw;wpngwr; nra;af;$baJ. vdNtjhd; ,d;iwa
etPdAfj;jpYk; Mind Science vd;;w xU fiy Jhpj tsh;r;rpaile;J tUtijf; fhzyhk;.
mNjNeuk; ,t;tplj;jpy; ,d;DnkhU tplaj;ijAk; Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W
cstsj;Jiw Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F kl;Lky;y midj;J kl;lq;fSf;Fk;
Njitahdjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; xU kdpjd; Nkhrkhd rpe;jid> nghwhik>
FNuhjk;> ntWg;G Nghd;w kd czh;TfSf;F Ml;gLk;NghJ mtDila %isapy;
mjpf mjph;Tfs; Vw;gLfpwd. kdpj %isapd; Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta Mfpa
ehd;F
epiyfs;
,Uf;fpd;wd.
,it
nfl;l
vz;zq;fspd;NghJ
Nkhrkhd
rpe;jidfspd;NghJ mjpf ghjpg;Gfis Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf kdpj %isapy;
3000 Nfhb fyq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,t;thwhd Nkhrkhd cs mjph;Tfspd;NghJ
mit ,wf;fpd;wd. clk;gpy; ,Uf;fpd;w fyq;fs; ,we;jhy; mit kPz;Lk;
caph;ngWk; Mdhy; %isf; fyq;fs; ,we;jhy; mit kPz;Lk; caph;ngw
tha;g;gpy;iy.
vdNtjhd;
etPd
tpQ;Qhdj;jpd;;
gpd;dzpAld;
Nehf;fpdhYk; ,];yhk; cs;sj;Jf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jjw;fhd fhuzj;ij>
ajhh;j;jj;ij njspthf czuf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
vq;fs; Njrk;: ,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; cstsj;Jizia vt;thW Nehf;fyhk;?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: ,];yhk; vd;gNj cs;sj;ij tsg;gLj;JtJjhd;. mJ kdpj kdJf;F rhe;jp>
rkhjhdk;> epk;kjp vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt ,t;Tyf kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.
u]_y; ]y;yy;yh`{miy`pt]y;yk; mth;fSk;> 'ehd; kf;fSf;F xU NghjfuhfNt
mDg;gg;gl;Ls;Nsd;"|vd $wpdhh;fs;. mjhtJ u]_y; ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;
mth;fs;jhd; cyfpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l KjyhtJ fTd;nryh;| vd;w fUj;ij ,e;j `jP];
njspTgLj;jp epw;fpwJ. mNjNeuk; my;Fh;Mdpy; egpath;fs; ,r;r%fj;jpw;F
,wf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fj;ij Fwpg;gpLk;NghJk; my;Fh;Md;> Rd;dh vd;gtw;iwf;
fw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;Fk;>
cs;sj;ij
tsg;gLj;Jtjw;FNk
(j];fpaJd;
eg;];)
mDg;gg;gl;ljhf ,iwtd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhd;.
,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpypUe;J ,iwJ}jUila tho;f;ifapy; ,lk;ngw;wNjhh; csts
MNyhrid epfo;nthd;iw nrhy;tjhapd;> `puhf; FifapypUe;j u]_y; ]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fSf;F my;yh`;tplkpUe;J t`p ,wq;fpaNghJ> mr;rj;JlDk;>
gPjpAlDk; J}juth;fs; tPl;ilaile;jhh;fs;. mg;NghJ epyikiag; Ghpe;Jnfhz;l fjP[h
ehafp mth;fs;> ,iwJ}jUld; Ngrpa thh;j;ijfs;> $wpa MNyhridfs; kw;Wk;
Nkw;nfhz;l gzpfs; midj;Jk; csts rpfpr;irf;fhd xU mofpa Kd;khjphpahFk;.
vdNtjhd; ,];yhkpag; gzpapy; <LgLfpd;w miog;ghsd;> fjPg;> Kug;gp>
Mrphpad; midtUNk jq;fSila Ngr;R> ciuahly;> rphpg;G> ghh;it
vd;gtw;wpD}lhf ,e;j fTd;nrypq;| gzpiar; nra;fpd;wdh;. Vd; vkJ r
%fj;jpypUe;J tUfpd;w gj;jphpiffs;$l ,g;gzpiaj;jhd; nra;JtUfpd;wd.
vq;fs; Njrk;: ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; cstsj; Jizf;Fk; #gpj;Jt rpe;jidf;FkpilNa
njhlh;Gfs; cs;sdth?

21

mfhh; K`k;kj;: ,];yhj;jpdJk; clk;gpdJk; ikak; cs;sk; vd;w tifapy; Muk;gj;jpy;

vkJ tuyhw;wpYk; gy mwpQh;fs; ,jw;F jq;fshyhd chpa gq;fspg;Gf;fis
nra;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;. #gpj;Jt rpe;jid vDk;NghJ mJ kw;nwhU tifapy; cs;sj;ij
tsg;gLj;Jk; cstsj;Jiziaj;jhd; Fwpg;gjhf mikfpwJ. vdNtjhd; tuyhw;wpy;
epiwa mwpQh;fs; jq;fSila vOj;J> Ngr;R Nghd;w midj;J Clfq;fisAk;
gad;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. cstsj;Jiz rk;ge;jkhd mbg;gilj; jj;Jtq;fs;>
Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; eilKiw nraw;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gd gw;wp gy;NtW Ma;TfSk;>
njhFg;GfSk; te;jpUf;fpd;wd. `hhp]; my; K`h]gp> ]`;y; my; J];J}hp> `fPKj;
jph;kpjp. Mg+ `hkpj; my; f];]hyp> mg+ jhypg; my; kf;fp> gp];jhkp>
Firhp Nghd;Nwhh; Kf;fpakhdth;fs;. mNjNeuk; vkJ jj;Jtj;Jiwapy; <Lgl;l ,g;D
]Pdh> ,g;D ifa+k; Nghd;wth;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. K`k;kJ
,g;D rPhpd;> ]`uth;jp Nghd;wth;fSk; ,j;Jiwapy; Qhgfg;gLj;jg;gl
Ntz;bath;fNs.
,d;W 20Mk; E}w;whz;by; cstsj;Jizapy;> kNdhjj;Jtj;jpy; Kjd;ikkpf;fth; vd
'g;nuha;l;"| fUjg;gLfpd;whh;. vdpDk; 10 E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng `fPKj;
jph;kpjp Nghd;Nwhh; ,J njhlh;ghd gy;NtW jj;Jtq;fs;> eilKiwfis njspthf
Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;wdh;. vdNtjhd; ,th;fSila rpe;jidfs;> Nfhl;ghLfs;
vd;gd ,d;iwa cstpay; Jiwapy; mjpfkhf Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
vq;fs; Njrk;: cstsj;Jizapy; gapw;rp ngWgth; vt;thwhd MNyhridfisAk;>
mwpKfq;fisAk; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd ePq;fs; fUJfpd;wPh;fs;?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: cz;ikapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F csts MNyhrid toq;Ftnjd;gJ
jdpg;gl;l mikg;ghfTk;> $l;likg;ghfTk; ,uz;likg;Gfspy; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.
vdpDk; kpf newpg;gLj;jYld; nra;a Ntz;bajhFk;. me;j tifapy; gpd;tUk;
tplaq;fs; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLtJ mtrpak;.
Nfl;ly;: KjyhtJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSld; Neubahfr; nrd;W mth;fSila gpur;rpid>
f\;lk; vd;gtw;iw g+uzkhff; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;fSf;F mth;fSila cs;sq;fspy;
,Uf;fpd;w f\;l epiyikfis fijg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gq;fis toq;f Ntz;Lk;. Nfl;Fk;NghJ
mth;fSila kdjpy; mth;fSila tplaq;fis mf;fiwAld; nrtpkLf;fpNwhk; vd;w
kNdhepiyia mth;fSf;F Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; vq;fs; kPJ mth;fSf;F
ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk;.
,t;thW jpwe;j kdJld; ciuahLk;NghNj> ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUila gpur;rpidia rhpahd
Kiwapy; ,dq;fz;Lnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

ciuahLjy;: mjd; gpd;duhf ehk; mth;fSld; ciuahLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;Tiuahlypy;

Kf;fpakhf ehd;F mk;rq;fs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLtJ mtrpak;.
1. ,iw ek;gpf;if: kdpjDf;F tUfpd;w midj;J Jd;gq;fSk;> Jauq;fSk;
my;yh`;tplkpUe;Nj tUfpd;wd vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. kWik gw;wpa ek;gpf;ifia Qhgfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
3. ,iw ehl;lg;gbNa midj;Jk; elf;Fk; vd;w cz;ikia czh;j;j Ntz;Lk;.

22

4. tho;T gw;wpa ,];yhkpaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ijj; njspthf tpsq;fg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

(mjhtJ kdpjd;> tho;T> gpugQ;rk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpag; ghh;it
njspthdjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.)
JM: mLj;J> ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F rpy JMf;fis mth;fspd; jiyiag; gpbj;Njh
my;yJ neQ;irg; gpbj;Njh Xjp CJjy; Ntz;Lk;. (Mz;>ngz; NtWghl;ilf;
ftdj;jpy;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.)
UfP: mLj;jjhf UfP vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba cs;sj;Jld; Ngrf;$ba xU JM njhFg;G
xypg;Ngioapy;; (Cassette) ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jid mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F
toq;Fjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
mNjNeuk;
xypg;Ngioia
Nfl;gjw;Fhpa
trjpfisr;
nra;JnfhLj;jy; Kf;fpakhdJ.
mj;NjhL mjpfkjpfkhf JMf;fis Nfl;FkhW Qhgfg;gLj;jy;> ,ghjj; tplaq;fspy;
tpUg;gj;ij cz;lhf;Fjy;> ey;y tplaq;fis thrpg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gq;fis cUthf;fpf;
nfhLj;jy;> Kbe;jtiu $l;lhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd xOq;Ffis nra;jy;. ,itfis gbKiwahfr;
nra;Ak;NghJ cz;ikapNy rhpahdNjhh; khw;wj;ij vjph;ghh;f;fyhk; vd;gNj vdJ
ek;gpf;if.
Nfs;tp: ghjpf;fg;gl;l rpWth;fSf;Fk; ,Nj mikg;gpy; cstsg; gapw;rpfis toq;FtJ
nghUj;jkhf mikAkh?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: cz;ikapy; fle;j Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;jpd;NghJ mjpfkhfg;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fshd rpWth;fSila ,ay;G> Kjph;r;rp> cstpay; Nghf;F
vd;gtw;iw nghWj;jtiuapy; Nkw;nrhd;d gapw;rpKiw ntw;wpaspg;gJ
rhj;jpaky;y. khw;wkhf mth;fis mth;fSila ,ay;GfSf;Nfw;g mjpfkhd tpisahl;L
epfo;r;rpfs;> fiy epfo;r;rpfs;> rpj;jpuk; Nghd;w Nghl;b epfo;r;rpfis elj;jp
mth;fSila kNdhepiyia vg;NghJk; kfpo;r;rpahf itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf
mth;fs; $l;lhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa
ehl;fspy; ghlrhiy nry;yf;$ba rpWth;fSf;F mjw;Fhpa cjtpfisAk; xj;jhirfisAk;
nra;tJ cldbj; NjitahFk;. jtWk;gl;rj;jpy; mth;fSila vjph;fhyk;gw;wpa
ek;gpifaPdKk;> jsh;Tk; Vw;gl tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ. mj;NjhL Kbe;jtiu
KfhkpypUe;J ,th;fis khw;Wtjw;Fhpa Vw;ghLfis Jhpjkhf Nkw;nfhs;tJ
mtrpakhFk;.
vq;fs; Njrk;: ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSila cstsj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; kPbahf;fs; vt;thwhd
gq;fspg;Gf;fisr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd ePq;fs; fUJfpd;wPh;fs;?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: njd;dhrpag; gpuNjrj;jpy; mjpf ghjpg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jpa ,e;j
Rdhkpiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,jid vjph;nfhs;tjw;F> ngUk;ghyhd ehLfSf;F
,Jgw;wpa Kd;dDgtNkh> mwpNth ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNtjhd; ,jdhy; gy;NtW
gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; njhlh;e;Jk; Kfk;nfhLf;ff;$ba xU #o;epiy Vw;gl;lJ. mjpYk;
Fwpg;ghf vq;fSila ehl;ilg; nghWj;jtiuapy; tpahghu kakhf ,Uf;Fk;
ngUk;ghyhd kPbahf;fs; ,d;Wtiu njhlh;e;Jk; Rdhkp gw;wpa epfo;Tfis fhl;b
tUfpwhh;fs;. Fwpg;ghf gy jdpahh; njhiyf;fhl;rpfs; Rdhkpapd;NghJ Vw;gl;l
Nfhukhd fhl;rpfis ,d;Wk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp tUfpwhh;fs;. cstpay; gpd;dzpAld;
23

Nehf;Fk;NghJ fz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;bajhFk;. fhuzk; kf;fis Kbe;jtiu mt;tzh;j;j

#oypy; ,Ue;J kPl;gijAk; ,dptUk; ehl;fspy; ek;gpf;ifAld; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;;yf;
$ba nraw;jpl;lq;fisg; gw;wpANk mth;fSld; NgRjy; Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; vkJ
kPbahf;fs; ,d;Dk; mtw;iw fhl;rpg;gLj;jp kf;fs; kdjpy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jp
tUfpwJ. mj;NjhL gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; rpy kPbahf;fs; tje;jpfisg; gug;gp kf;fSf;F
mnrsfhpaq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaijf; fhzyhk;. jtpuTk; rpy kPbahf;fs; ,dj;Jt hPjpahd
Nghf;fpNyNa ele;Jnfhz;l mrpq;fq;fSk; ,y;yhkypy;iy. vdpDk; ,dptUk;
ehl;fspyhtJ vkJ ehl;bdJk;> kf;fspdJk; eyd;fUjp J}uNehf;Fld; ,th;fs;
ele;Jnfhs;tJ cldbj; NjitahFk; vd ehd; fUJfpNwd;.
vq;fs; Njrk;: csts MNyhridfspy; <Lgl;lth; vd;w tifapy; cq;fSila gzp> mDgtq;fisg;
gw;wp.?
mfhh; K`k;kj;: cz;ikapy; Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;ijj; njhlh;e;J ,d> kj Ngjq;fisf; fle;J
gyUk; czT cil Nghd;w cldbj; NjitfisNa ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;Fj; njhlh;e;Jk;
toq;fpf;nfhz;Lk;> mjw;Fhpa Kaw;rpfisr; nra;Jnfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jdh;. ,it
ghuhl;lg;gl Ntz;bait. mjw;fg;ghy; ,t;thwhd csts MNyhrid njhlh;ghd
Kaw;rpfSk; ele;jd. vdpDk; xg;gPl;lstpy; Vida r%fq;fSld; itj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy;
vkJ r%fk; ,J njhlh;ghd Kaw;rpfs; Nghjpastpy; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy vd;Nw
$wNtz;Lk;. vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy; csts MNyhrid njhlh;ghd gy
nraw;jpl;lq;fspy; <Lgl tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ. Muk;gkhf khtdy;iy> fpz;zpah>
kUjKid> fy;Kid> `k;ghe;Njhl;il Nghd;w gFjpfspy; gyUf;Fg; gapw;rp
mspg;gjpYk; kw;Wk; Kfhk;fspy; gapw;rp nfhLf;Fk; gzpapYk; <Lgl;Nlhk;.
mjpYk; [dhjpgjp nrayfj;jpD}lhf eilngw;w csts MNyhrid njhlh;ghd
fUj;juq;nfhd;iwAk; elj;jpNdhk;. mj;NjhL gy;NtW JMf;fs; cs;slq;fpa
njhFg;nghd;Wk; rpq;fsk;> jkpo; Mfpa nkhopfspy; ntspaplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
mjpYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSld; NgRfpd;w xspg;NgioAk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,itfis
[khmj;Nj ,];yhkp kPbah gFjpapd; Clhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
vq;fs; Njrk;: ,Wjpahf VJk; $Wtjhapd;:
mfhh; K`k;kj;:
Rdhkp
mdh;j;jj;jpdhy;
vy;yh
tifapYk;
mjpfkhf
ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; K];ypk;fs;jhd;. mNjNeuk; mth;fs; ,d;Wk; gy;NtW
Gwf;fzpg;Gf;fSf;F cl;gl;L tUfpwhh;fs;. Fwpg;ghf ghjpf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW
gpuNjrq;fspYk; jq;fSila epyq;fis ,of;f Ntz;ba gy;NtW mOj;jq;fSf;Fk;
Kfk;nfhLj;J tUfpd;wdh;. ,jw;fg;ghy; ,d;W cstpay; hPjpahd gy;NtW
gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; Kfk;nfhLj;J tUfpd;wdh;. vdNt vq;fSila r%f eyd;
epWtdq;fs;> ,af;fq;fs;> murpay;thjpfs; ,J njhlh;ghf nghWg;Gzh;TlDk;
fye;jhNyhridAlDk; ele;Jnfhs;tJ mtrpakhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J $l kf;fspd; csf; FKwiy
XusT jPh;j;J cstsj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; gzpNa vd;why; gpioay;y!

24

tzf;f topghLfs; njhlh;ghdit

1. ngz;zpd; clk;gpy; gl;lhy; TO Kwpjy;
2. epd;W nfhz;L rpWePH fopj;jy;
3. kjp ntspg;gly;
4. ];fypjKk; Fspg;Gk;
5. mjhDf;Fg; gjpy; $wy;
6. fohj; njhOif
7. njhOifapd; ]{[{jpy; JM Nfl;ly;
8. njhOifapy; FD}j;
9. njhOifapy; ckpo;ePiu tpOq;Fjy;
10.
rpy njhOiffspy; rj;jkhfTk; rpytw;wpy; nksdkhfTk; XJtjd;
ufrpak;
11.
][;jhf;fs; gw;wpa tpguk;
12.
ngz;fSf;F XH Mz; njhOif elj;jy;
13.
j`[;[{j;Jila Neuk;
14.
[{k;MTf;F Ke;jpa ,uz;L uf;Mj; ]{d;dj; njhOif
15.
[{k;MTf;Fhpa vz;zpf;if
16.
[{k;MTk; Y`h; njhOifAk;
17.
Fj;ghtpd; NghJ njhOjy;
18.
ngz;fs; gs;spthry; nrd;W njhOjy;
25

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Fy;yijd;
Jd;ahTila tplaq;fis k];[pjpy; NgRjy;
]f;fhj;Jk; jq;fj;jpd; ep]hGk;
]f;fhj;Jk; fhyjhkjKk;
]f;fhj;ij cld; gpwg;GfSf;Fk; ,dge;JfSf;Fk; nfhLj;jy ;
Nehd;igf; fohr; nra;jy;
rpije;j cliyf; Fspg;ghl;ly;
[dh]hitf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; NghJ \`hjh nrhy;Yjy ;
k/%k;fs; njhOifapy; ghjp`h ]{uhit XJjy;
mfPfh
kpUfq;fspd; kyryk;
my;FHMid Xjp $yp thq;Fjy;

ngz;zpd; clk;gpy; gl;lhy; TO Kwpjy;

Nfs;tp : tPl;bypUe;J TOTld; gs;spthaYf;Fr; nry;Yk; topapy; xU ngz;zpd;
clk;gpy; vjph;ghuhj tpjkhfg; gl;Ltpl;lhy; mtUf;F kPz;Lk; TO nra;jy;
flikahFkh?
gjpy; : \hgp< kj;`gpd; gb mth; kPz;Lk; TO nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jpiuapd;wp xU
ngz;izj; njhl;lhYk; TO KwpahJ vd;gjw;F jFe;j> cWjpahd Mjhuq;fs; cz;L.
Map\h (uyp) mwptpf;fpd;whh;: 'u]{y; (]y;) mth;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;wpUe;j
epiyapy; vd;id Kj;jkpl;ldh;." gpd;dh; fPo;tUkhW $wpdh;:
'epr;rakhf Kj;jkpLtJ TOitAk; Kwpf;fhJ. Nehd;igAk; Kwpf;fhJ." (,];`hf; gpd;
uh`it`p> my; g];]hh;) Map\h (uyp) mwptpf;Fk; NkYk; XH mwptpg;G
tUkhW:
'egpath;fs; jkJ kidtpkhh;fSs; xUtiu Kj;jkpl;L tpl;L kPz;Lk; TO nra;J
nfhs;shkNyNa njhOiff;fhfr; nrd;whh;fs;" (Mjhuk;-m`;kj;> jph;kpjp>
e]hap> ,g;D kh[h> mG+jhT+j;)
mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; ,d;DNkhh; mwptpg;Gk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ:
'ehd; u]{Yy;yh`; (]y;) mth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. vdJ
fhy;fs; ,uz;Lk; (mth;fs; njhOJ nfhz;bUe;j) fpg;yhtpd; gf;fk; ,Ue;jd. vdNt>
mth;fs; ]{[{j; nra;Ak; NghJ vdJ fhiyj; njhl;L rhil nra;thh;fs;. ehd; mg;NghJ
vdJ fhiy kbj;Jf;nfhs;Ntd;" (Mjhuk; Gfhhp> K];ypk;)
,j;jifa Mjhuq;fis itj;Nj rpy kj;`g;fSk; Kf;fpa rpy ,khk;fSk; nghJthf ngz;fisj;
njhLtJ TOit Kwpf;fhJ vd;w fUj;ij nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. MapDk;> ,r;irNahL Kj;j
kpLtJ> njhLtJ TOit Kwpf;Fk; vd;w fUj;ijAila ,khk;fSk; cs;sdh; vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
26

epd;W nfhz;L rpWePH fopj;jy;

Nfs;tp : ePs; fhw;rl;il mzpAk; NghJ epd;w epiyapy; rpW ePH fopf;f
Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,J ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh?
gjpy; : epd;w epiyapy; rpWePH fopg;gJ ,];yhkpaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
Kiwaw;w> gz;ghlw;w> mnfsutkhd xU nrayhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;>
epd;W nfhz;L rpWePH fopf;Fk; NghJ njwpj;J cly;> cil Nghd;wd
mRj;jkilaTk; ,lKz;L.
'my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; (]y;) mth;fs; epd;w epiyapy; rpWePH fopj;jhh;fs; vd
vtUk; cq;fSf;F mwptpj;jhy;> mjid ePq;fs; ek;g Ntz;lhk;. md;dhh; mkh;e;j
epiyapNyNa rpWePH fopg;gth;fshf ,Ue;jhh;fs;" vd Map\h (uyp) mth;fs;
mwptpj;Js;shh;fs;. (Mjhuk; Gfhhp> K];ypk;)
MapDk;> ]`P`{y; Gfhhp> ]`P`; K];ypk; cl;gl ,d;Dk;; gy fpue;jq;fspYk;
gjpthfpAs;s xU `jP]py; `{ijgh(uyp)> egp(]y;)mtu;fs; epd;wthW rpWePu;
fopj;jij jhd; fz;;ljhfj; njhptpj;Js;shh;. md;id Map\h (uyp) mth;fs; jhd;
mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jijNa mwptpj;Js;shh;. mjw;F khw;wkhfTk; egp (]y;)
mth;fs;
ele;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;
vd;gJ
egpj;Njhoh;
`{ijghtpd;
mwptpg;gpypUe;J njspthfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; ,U mwptpg;GfSf;fpilapYk;
Kuz;ghL ,Ug;gjhff; $w KbahJ.
rpWePH fopg;gjd; xOq;Fgw;wp tpsf;fte;j ,khk; ettp> mkh;e;j epiyapy;
rpWePH fopg;gJ vdf;F kpfTk; tpUg;gkhdJ. mjid epd;w epiyapy; nra;tJk;
MFkhdNj> ,uz;bw;Fk; egp tho;tpy; Mjhuq;fSz;L vd;fpwhh;.

kjp ntspg;gly;
Nfs;tp : xUtUf;Fr; rpwpjsNth my;yJ mjpfkhfNth kjp ntspahdhy; mtUf;Ff;
Fspg;G flikahfptpLkh? njhOif Nghd;w ,ghjj;fspy; <LgLtjw;F TO nra;jhy;
khj;jpuk; NghJkhdjh? tpsf;fk; Njit.
gjpy; : ,e;jphpaj;jpw;F Kd;dh;> rpw;wpd;gj;jpd; fhuzkhf ntspahFk; xUtif
ePNu kjp MFk;. ,J e[P]hdJ vd;gJ ,];yhkpa mwpQHfspd; VNfhgpj;j KbthFk;.
Mdhy;> kjp ntspahfp mJ clk;gpy; gl;lhy; Fspf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy.
kh;k];jhdj;ijf; fOtpf; nfhz;lhy; NghJkhdJ. clk;gpy; gl;lhYk; fOtpf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. kjp Milapy; gl;lhy; fOt Ntz;bajpy;iy. ePiuj; njspj;Jtpl;lhy;
NghJkhdJ. ,J rpukj;ijj; jtph;g;gjw;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s xU rYifahFk;.

27

njhOif Nghd;w tzf;fq;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l tpjj;jpy; Rj;jk;

nra;J tpl;L TO nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;;. Fspf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy.
myp (wop) mth;fs; $Wfpd;whh;fs;: 'vdf;F mjpfk; kjp ntspg;gLtJz;L. ehd;
egp (]y;) mth;fspd; kfisj; jpUkzk; Kbj;jpUe;jjhy;> md;dhhplk; ,J gw;wp
Nfl;lwpAkhW xUtiug; gzpj;Njd;. mjw;F egp (]y;) mth;fs;> 'ckJ Mz;
cWg;igf; fOtpf; nfhz;L TO nra;tPuhf" vd;whh;fs;. (Gfhhp)
NkYk; ]`;y; ,g;D `dPg; (wop) mth;fs; $Wfpd;whh;fs;: ehd; kjpj;
njhy;iyapdhy; nghpJk; mt];ijg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. mjd; fhuzkhf mjpfk;
Fspg;gtdhfTk; ,Ue;Njd;. ,e;epiy gw;wp w]{Yy;yh`;tplk; ehd; $wpa NghJ
md;dhh;> 'ePH TO nra;J nfhz;lhy; NghJkhdJ" vd;whh;fs;. 'Milapy; mJ
gl;lhy; vd;d nra;tJ?" vd;W ehd; Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F> md;dhh; 'mJ Milapy;
gl;l ,lj;jpy;> gLk; msTf;Ff; ifapy; ePiu vLj;Jj; njspj;J tpl;lhy; NghJkhdJ"
vd;whh;fs;. (mG+jhT+j;> ,g;D kh[h)
];fypjKk; Fspg;Gk;
Nfs;tp : xUtUf;F clYwtpdhyd;wp NtW tiffspy; ];fypjkhdhy; mtUf;F cly;
KOtJk; Fspj;jy; flikahFkh? jiy ePq;ff; Fspj;jhy; NghJkhfhjh? jiyapy; Fspg;gij
Kbe;jtiu jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb xUtUf;F itj;jpah; vr;rhpj;jpUe;jhy;> mth;
kidtpAld; Nrh;f;ifapy; <Lgl;lgpd; Nkw;fz;lthW jiy ePq;ff; Fspj;jhy;
NghJkhdjh? tpsf;fk; juTk;.
gjpy; : jiy cl;gl clypy; midj;J cWg;Gf;fisAk; ePupdhy; fOTtijNa ,];yhkpa
\hPmj; my;F];Y (Fspj;jy;) vdf; $WfpwJ. xUtUf;F clYwtpdhNyh NtW
topfspy; ,e;jpupak; ntspg;gl;lhy; midj;J cWg;GfSk; eidAk;gb Fspg;gJ
flikahFk;. ,d;Nwy; [dhgj; vDk; ngUe;njhlf;F ePq;f khl;lhJ.
ek;gj;jFe;j xU kUj;Jth; Fspg;gjd; %yk; ngUk; Mgj;J Vw;gl ,lKz;L vd xU
Nehahspia vr;rhpj;jhy; Fspg;;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf jakKk; nra;J nfhs;s khh;f;fk;
mtiu mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.
mjhDf;Fg; gjpy; $wy;
Nfs;tp : mjhd; nrhy;yg;gLk; NghJ mjidr; nrtpkLg;gth; xt;nthU trdj;jpw;Fk;
vt;thW gjpy; nrhy;y Ntz;Lnkd;gij tpsf;FtPHfsh?
gjpy; : Kmj;jpd; $Wfpd;w xt;nthU trdj;ijAk; jpUg;gpf; $wy; Ntz;Lk;. '`a;a
my];]yh`;"> '`a;a myy; gyh`;;" vd;w ,U trdq;fs; $wg;gLk;NghJ khj;jpuk;
'yh`t;y
tyh
Ftj;j
,y;yh
gpy;yh`;"
vd;W
nrhy;y
Ntz;Lk;.
'ePq;fs; mjhd; xypiar; nrtpkLj;jhy; Kmj;jpd; nrhy;tJ Nghd;W nrhy;Yq;fs;"
vd;gJ egp thf;fhFk;.

28

NkYk; xU egp nkhop mjhd; nrhy;yf; Nfl;gth; mjw;F vt;thW gjpy; nrhy;y
Ntz;Lnkd;gij tpsf;fkhff; $WfpwJ. mJ gpd;tUkhW:
'Kmj;jpd;> my;yh`{ mf;gh;> my;yh`{ mf;gh; vdf; $Wk; NghJ ePq;fSk;
my;yh`{mf;gh;> my;yh`{ mf;gh; vdr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. mth; 'm\;`J
my;yh ,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;" vdf; $Wk; NghJ ePq;fSk; 'm\;`J my;yh ,yh`
,y;yy;yh`;" vdf; $w Ntz;Lk;. mtu; 'm\;`J md;d K`k;kjh; u]{Yy;yh`;" vdf;
$Wk; NghJ ePq;fSk; 'm\;`J md;d K`k;kjh; u]{Yy;yh`;" vdf; $w Ntz;Lk;.
mth; '`a;a my]; ]yh`;" vdf; $Wk;NghJ ePq;fs; 'yh`t;y tyh Ft;tj
,y;yhgpy;yh`;"
vdf;
$wy;
Ntz;Lk;.
mth;
'my;yh`{
mf;gh;>
my;yh`{
mf;gh;"
vdf;$Wk;NghJ
ePq;fs;
'my;yh`{mf;gh;>
my;yh`{mf;gh;" vdf; $wy; Ntz;Lk;. mth; 'yh,yh` ,y;yy;yyh`;" vd;W $Wk;
NghJ ePq;fSk; 'yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;" vd;W $wy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ahh; jdJ
cs;sj;jpdhy; $Wfpd;whNuh mth; Rth;f;fk; Eiothh;." Mjhuk;: K];ypk;>
mG+jhT+j; mwptpg;gth; : ckh; (uyp)
NkNy $wg;gl;l Kiwapy; mjhDf;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;tJ ]{d;dj;jhFk;. TOTld;
,Ug;gth;> TO ,d;wp ,Ug;gth;> KOf;Fld; ,Ug;gth;> i`o; cld; ,Uf;Fk; ngz;>
nghpath;> rpwpath; cl;gl midtUk; mjhDf;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;tJ ]{d;dj;jhFk;.
MapDk; njhOifapy; ,Ug;gth;> clYwtpy; <Lgl;bUg;gth; MfpNahh;
mjhDf;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;yf;$lhJ. ,j;jifNahh; Fwpj;j jk; fUkj;ij Kbj;Jf;nfhz;ljd;
gpd;dh; nkhj;jkhf gjpy; nrhy;yyhk;.
gbj;jy;> FHMd; XJjy;> jpf;h; nra;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fspy; <Lgl;bUg;gth;fs;
mjhd;; xypiaf; Nfl;lhy; clNd mtw;iw epWj;jp tpl;L mjhDf;Fg; gjpy;$w
Ntz;Lk;.
fohj; njhOif
Nfs;tp: INtisj; njhOifapy; foh njhOifAz;lh? mij vg;gbr; nra;tJ? fohj;
njhohtpl;lhy; Fw;wkh? tpsf;fk; Njit
gjpy; : kwjp> J}f;fk; Mfpa ,uz;bd; fhuzj;jpdhy; xU njhOifia chpa Neuj;jpy;
epiwNtw;wj; jtwpath; mjidf; fohr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vDk; tplaj;jpy; cykhf;fs;
fUj;njhw;Wik nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,jw;F Mjhukhf xUth; xU njhOifia kwe;J tpl;lhy;
my;yJ J}f;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf tpl;lhy;> Qhgfk; te;jTld; mjid epiwNtw;wy;
Ntz;Lk; vDk; egpnkhop nfhs;sg;gLf;fpd;wJ. kaf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jtiug; nghWj;j
tiuapy; kaf;f Neuj;jpy; tpLgl;l njhOifia mth; fohr; nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy. ,g;D
cku; (uyp) xUKiw kaf;fj;jpypUe;jhh;. mjdhy; xU Neuj;njhOifia mtuhy;
epiwNtw;w Kbahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. vdpDk;> mth; mjid kaf;fk; njspe;j
gpd;dUk; fohr; nra;atpy;iy vd ehgp/ (uyp) $Wfpd;whh;. jhT+j;> ]{`;hp>
my;`]Dy; g]hp> K`k;kjpg;D ]PhPd; MfpNahUk; kaf;fj;jpypUe;jjdhy;
njhOifia tpl;lth; mjidg; gpd;dh; fohr;nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;w fUj;ijNa
nfhz;Ls;sdh;.

29

Mdhy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l fhuzq;fspd;wp Ntz;Lnkd;Nw xU njhOifia tpl;lth;

mjidf; fohr; nra;a Ntz;Lkh vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL cz;L. Ntz;Lnkd;Nw
njhOifia tpl;lth; ghtpahthh;;. mth; tpl;l njhOifiaf; fohr; nra;tJ mth; kPJ
flikahFk; vd;gNj \hgp<> `dgP> khypfP> `d;gyP mfpa ehd;F kj;`GfspdJk;
fUj;jhFk;. ,khk;fshd ,g;D ijkpah> ,g;D `];k; Nghd;Nwhh; kdKuz;lhfj;
njhOifia tpl;lth; mjidf; fohr; nra;a KbahJ vd;Wk;> njhOifia tpl;l ghtj;Jf;fhf
njsgh nra;tJk; mjpfkhd ]{d;dj;jhd njhOiffisj; njhOtJNk KiwahFk; vd;Wk;
$Wfpd;wdh;. mth;fs; jkJ fUj;Jf;Fr; rhh;ghfg; gy Mjhuq;fisAk; fhl;bAs;sdh;.
Fwpg;ghf ,khk; ,g;D `];k; ,J gw;wpj; jdJ my;-K`y;yh vDk; E}ypy; kpf
tphpthf vOjpAs;shh;. FHMd;> `jP]; Mfpa ,uz;bypUe;Jk; Nkw;Nfhs;
fhl;bAk; jh;f;f hPjpahfTk; mth; ,f;fUj;ij epWt Kad;Ws;shh;.
njhOifapd; ]{[{jpy; JM Nfl;ly;
Nfs;tp : njhOifapd; ]{[{jpy; Nfl;fg;gLk; JMf;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLnkd;W
$wg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt 'wg;gp ]pj;dP ,y;kh" Nghd;w JMf;fis Xjyhkh?
gjpy; : ]{[{jpy; ehk; tpUk;gpa gpuhh;j;jidfis my;yh`;tplk; Nfl;fyhk;. mJ
K];j`g; tuNtw;fj;jf;fjhFk;. ,jw;F fPo;tUk; egp nkhop Mjhukhf
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. 'cq;fspy; xUth; ]{[{jpy; ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy;jhd;> jdJ
,iwtDf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhf ,Uf;fpwhh;. vdNt> mjpy; gpuhh;j;jidfis
mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;" (Mjhuk;-K];ypk;) egpath;fs; ]{[{jpy; Xjpa JMf;fs;>
gy `jP]; fpue;jq;fspy; gjpthfpAs;sd. ehKk; mtw;iw XJtNj rhyr; rpwe;jjhFk;.
njhOifapy; FD}j;
Nfs;tp : mrhjhuz #o;epiyfs; epyTk; re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mtw;wpd;
tpisTfspypUe;J ghJfhg;gpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s INtis gh;Sj; njhOiffspy; FD}j;
Xj u]{Yy;yh`;tpd; ]{d;dhtpy; MjhuKz;lh?
Rg`; jtpu kw;iwa gh;Sj; njhOiffspy; FD}j; XJtjpdhy; njhOifapy; ghjpg;G
(KwpT) epfohjh?
,f;FD}j;jpd; NghJ xU \hgp<ia gpd;gw;wpj; njhOk; `dgpapd; epiy vd;d?
gjpy; : ePq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s FD}j; mikg;G ,];yhkpa rl;l tof;fpy;
FD}Jd;dth]py; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. f\;l Jd;gq;fs;> mdh;jq;fspd; NghJ
Xjg;gLfpd;w ,e;jf; FD}j; rl;lG+Htkhdnjd;gJ ,khk;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.
`dgpahf;fs;> \hgpahf;fs; ,U jug;gpdUk; ,f;fUj;jpy; xj;jpUg;gJ ,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,f;FD}j;jikg;G rl;l hPjpahdnjd;gjw;F ]{d;dhtpYk; gy
Mjhuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
gD}]{iynkDk; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; Nrh;e;j hp/y;;> jf;thd;> ci]ah vd;w gphptpdh;
jq;fSf;Fg; Nghjid nra;tjw;F egpj; Njhoh;fis mDg;gp itf;FkhW egpath;fisf;
30

Nfl;Lf;nfhz;ldh;. egpath;fSk; ,f;Nfhj;jpuj;jthpd; Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W vOgJ ]

`hghf;fis mth;fsplk; mDg;gp itj;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; eatQ;rfh;fshftpUe;j
mth;fNsh egpj;Njhoh;fisg; gLnfhiy nra;J tpl;ldh;. ,jid mwpe;j egp (]y;)
mth;fs; ,g;gphptpdUf;F vjpuhfj; njhlh;e;J xU khjfhykhf Iq;fhyj; njhOiffspy;
FD}j; Xjpdhh;fs;. gpd;dhy; epd;W njhONjhh; mjw;F MkPd; $wpdhh;fs;.
(mwptpg;ghsh;: ,g;D mg;gh]; (wop)> Mjhuk;- Gfhhp> mG+jhT+j;>
m`;kj;)
mG+`{iuuh (wop) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; NkYk; xU `jP]; fPo; tUkhW:
'u]{Yy;yh`; mth;fs; xUtUf;F rhh;ghfNth my;yJ vjpuhfNth gpuhh;j;jid
nra;a tpUk;gpdhy; U$cf;Fg; gpd;dhy; FD}j; XJgth;fshf ,Ue;jhh;fs;."
(Mjhuk;: m`;kj;> Gfhhp)
vdNt ]{g;`{j; njhOifapy; toikahf Xjg;gLfpd;w FD}j; tplaj;jpy; epyTk; fUj;J
NtWghLfs;> ePq;fs; Nfl;Fk; FD}j;Jd;dth]py; njhlh;ghf ,y;iy vd;gijf;
fUj;jpw; nfhs;sTk;.
njhOifapy; ckpo;ePiu tpOq;Fjy;
Nfs;tp: njhOifapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ckpo;ePH Rue;jhy; mij tpOq;fyhkh?
tpsf;fk; juTk;.
gjpy;: njhOk;NghJ thapy; Ruf;Fk; ckpo;ePiu tpOq;Ftjpy; jtwpy;iy.
njhOifapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Ntz;Lnkd;Nw cz;gJk; gUFtJNk njhOifia
Kwpf;Fk;. ,khk; ,g;Dy; Kd;jph; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;: gh;shd
njhOifapy; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw cz;gthpdNjh my;yJ gUfpathpdNjh njhOif Kwpe;J
tpLk;;. mth; mj;njhOifia kPl;b epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ cykhf;fspd;
VNfhgpj;j KbthFk;. ]{d;dj;jhd njhOifiag; nghWj;j tiuapy;> mjpYk; ,r;rl;lNk
nry;YgbahFk;;. Vnddpy;> gh;is Kwpf;ff;$baJ ]{d;dj;jhdijAk; Kwpf;Fk;
vd;gJ ngUk;ghyhd cykhf;fspd; mgpg;gpuhakhFk;.
rpy njhOiffspy; rj;jkhfTk; rpytw;wpy; nksdkhfTk; XJtjd; ufrpak;
Nfs;tp : Iq;fhyj; njhOiffspy; ]{g`;> k/hpg;> ,\h Mfpatw;wpy; ,khk; ]
_whf;fisr; rj;jkpl;L XJfpwhh;. Mdhy;> S`h;> m]h; Mfpa ,U Neuj;
njhOiffspYk; mt;thW rj;jkpl;L XJtjpy;iy. mj;Jld; [{k;Mj; njhOifapd; NghJk; ]
_whf;fs; ,khkpdhy; rj;jkpl;Nl Xjg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Wf;fhd fhuzk; ahJ? tpsf;fk;
juTk;.
gjpy; : egp (]y;)
_whf;fisr; rg;jkhfNt
Xjy;fisAk; Fog;Gk;
Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ

mth;fs; Muk;gfhyg;gphptpy; midj;Jj; njhOifspYk; ]

Xjp te;jhh;fs;. MapDk;> K\;hpf;fPd;fNsh njhOiffisAk;
tpjj;jpy; elf;f Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;. egp (]y;) mth;fs; Xj
mth;fs; cuj;j Fuypy; ftpijfs; ghlTk;> Nkhrkhd
31

thh;j;ijfisg; NgrTk; Kw;gl;lJld; my;FHMidAk; mjid ,wf;fpa ,iwtidAk; mJ

,wf;fg;gl;l egpiaAk; VrTk; J}w;wTk; Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpNyNa
fPo;tUk; FHMd; trdk; ,wq;fpaJ> 'egpNa> ck;Kila njhOifapy; ePH kpf;f
rj;jkpl;Lk; XjhjPH> mjpf nkJthfTk; XjhjPH" (17:110) ,jd; gpd;dNu
egpath;fs; S`h;> m]h; Mfpa njhOiffspy; vjphpfspd; ml;lfhrq;fisj;
jtph;f;Fk; tpjj;jpy; rj;jkplhJ nksdkhf Xjyhdhh;fs;. k/hpg; njhOiff;Fhpa
Neuj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> mJ vjphpfs; czT cl;nfhs;Sk; NeukhfTk;> ]{g`;>
,\h
Mfpatw;Wf;Fhpa
Neuq;fs;
mth;fs;
J}q;Fk;
Neuq;fshfTk;
,Ue;jikapdhy; ,j;njhOiffspy; egpath;fs; cuj;j Fuypy; Xjyhdhh;fs;.
[{k;Mj; njhOifAk;> ,U ngUehs; njhOifAk; mit kjPdhtpNy Muk;gpj;J
itf;fg;gl;likapdhy; mtw;wpy; ]{uhf;fs; rj;jkhfNt Xjg;gl;L tuyhapd.
rpy mwpQHfspd; fUj;Jg;gb S`hpYk; m]hpYk; jho;e;j Fuypy; ]_whf;fs;
Xjg;gLtjd; ,ufrpak;> mit epiwNtw;wg;gLk; Neuk; rj;jKk;> re;jbAk;
cs;sjhf ,Ug;gjpdhy; MFk;. Vida njhOiffspd; Neuq;fs; mikjpahdjhf
,Ug;gjdhy;> mt;Ntisfspy; rj;jkhf XJtJ nrtpkLg;NghUf;Fg; gbg;gpid ngwTk;
ey;Yzh;r;rp ngwTk; JizGhpAk;.
'gfw; fhyj; njhOiffisr; rj;jkhf mikj;Jf;nfhs;shjPH> ,uT fhyj; njhOiffis
mikjpahf mikj;Jf;nfhs;shjPH" vd;w ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mth;fspd; $w;W
,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
K];ypk;fs; xU rf;jpahf khwp> vtiuapl;Lk; mQ;r Ntz;ba mtrpakw;wth;fshf
Mfpa gpd;dUk; egpath;fs; Fwpj;j mikg;igj; njhlh;e;Jk; filg;gpbj;J te;jik>
vq;fis ,uz;lhtjhff; $wg;gl;l fUj;ij kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhff; fUj itf;fpd;wJ.
vg;gbahapDk;> tzf;f> topghLfspy; fhuzq;fisAk;> epahaq;fisAk; NjLtjid
tpLj;J> ]{d;dhitf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;tNj KiwahFk; vd;gJ khj;jpukd;wp mJNt rl;l
tpjpAkhFk;.

][;jhf;fs; gw;wpa tpguk;

Nfs;tp: ][;jh jpyhtj;> ][;jh \{f;h;> ][;jh ]`;T Mfpa ][;jhf;fs; gw;wpg; G+uz
tpsf;fk; xd;iw vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwd;.
gjpy;:
my;FHMdpy;
][;jhTila
trdq;fs;
gjpide;J
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
mtw;wpnyhd;iw XjpatUk;> Xjf; Nfl;ltUk; jf;gPH nrhy;yp xU ]{[{j; nra;tJ ]
{d;dj;jhFk;. ,jidNa ][;jh jpyhtj; vd toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;. ,jpy; j\`;`{j;
(mj;j`pa;ahj;)> ]yhk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ,lk; ngWtjpy;iy. ]{[{J nra;Ak; NghJ
jf;gPH nrhy;tJ Nghd;Nw mjpypUe;J vOk;NghJ my;yh`{ mf;gh; vdf;
32

$wNtz;Lk;. '][;jhTila trdnkhd;iw ePh; Xjpdhy; jf;gPh; $wp ]{[{J nra;a

Ntz;Lk;. mjpypUe;J jiyia cah;j;Jk; NghJk; jf;gPH nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;" vd
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (uyp) $wpAs;shh;.
njhOiff;Fhpa midj;J epge;jidfSk; ][;jh jpyhtj;jpw;Fhpa epge;jidfshff;
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j tifapy; TOTld; ,Ug;gJTk;> fpg;yhit Kd;Ndhf;FtJk;
mt;uj;ij kiwj;jpUg;gJTk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f epge;jidfshFk;.
Nkw;fz;l ][;jhtpy; tpUk;gpa JMf;fis Xjyhk;. toikahf ]{[{jpy; XJfpd;w ']
{g;`hd ug;gpay; m/yh" vd;gjidAk; '][j t[;`pa ypy;yjP fyf`{ t \f;f ]k;m`{ t
g]u`{ gp`t;yp`P gp Ft;tj;jp`P t jghufs;sh`{ m`;]Dy; fhypfPd;" vd;gjidAk;
XJtJ rpwe;jjhFk;.
njhOifapy; ][;jhTila trdq;fis Xjpdhy; ,khKk; k/%Kk; ,UtUk; ][;jh nra;ayhk;.
][;jhTila xU trdj;ijg; gyKiw XJk; NghJk; mj;jifa xU trdj;ijj; njhlh;e;J gy jlitfs;
nrtpkLf;Fk; NghJk; xU ][;jh nra;tJ NghJkhdjhFk;.
jdf;Ff; fpl;ba xU ghf;fpaj;Jf;fhfNth my;yJ jd;id tpl;lfd;w XH
mdh;j;;jj;Jf;fhfNth my;yh`;Tf;F ed;wp njhptpj;J xU ][;jh nra;tJ K];j`g; MFk;.
,j;jifa ][;jhNt ][;jJ\;\{f;h;; vd toq;fg;gLfpwJ. 'egpath;fs; jkf;F kfpo;T+l;Lk;
xU epfo;r;rp ,lk; ngw;whYk; xU Rg nra;jp $wg;ngw;whYk; my;yh`;Tf;F
ed;wp njhptpg;ghd; Ntz;b ]{[{jpy; tpOgth;fsha; ,Ue;jhh;fs;" vd
mG+gf;fh; (uyp) mwptpf;fpwhh;. (Mjhuk; : mG+jhT+j;> ,g;Dkh[h >
jph;kpjp)
njhOifapy; Vw;gLk; kwjpf;fhfr; nra;Ak; ]{[{j; ][;jJ]; ]`;t; vdg;gLk;. ,J ,uz;L ]
{[{Jfisf; nfhz;lJ. ,jid ]yhk; nfhLf;f Kd;dNuh gpd;dNuh nra;ayhk;.
njhOifia Kbf;f Kd;dh; ]yhk; nfhLj;jy;> ufmj;Jf;fisf; $l;bj; njhOjy;> Kjyhk;
mj;j`pa;ahj;ij tply;> njhOifapy; VjhtJ xU ]{d;dj; tpLgly; Mfpa
re;jh;g;gq;fspYk; njhOifapy; VJk; re;Njfk; Vw;gLk; NtisfspYk; ][;jh ]`;T
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j ][;jhitr; nra;ahJ tpLtjdhy; njhOif nry;Ygbaw;wjhf
Mfkhl;lhJ vd;gjidf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;f.

ngz;fSf;F XH Mz; njhOif elj;jy;

Nfs;tp: XH Mz; ngz;fSf;F khj;jpuk; jdpahfj; njhOif elj;jyhkh? xU je;ij jdJ taJ
te;j ngz; kf;fs;> kidtp> jha; Nghd;NwhUf;Fj; jpiuapd;wpj; njhOif
elhj;jyhkh? tpsf;fk; Njit.
gjpy;: XH Mz; ngz;fSf;F khj;jpuk; ,khkhf epd;W njhOif elj;Jtjw;F \hPmj;jpy;
jil VJk; ,y;iy. xUNghJ cig ,g;D f/g; (uop) egp (]y;) mth;fsplk; te;J
'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu New;wpuT ehd; xU Ntiy nra;Njd;" vd;whh;. mjw;F
33

md;dhh; 'mJ vd;d?" vd;W tpdtNt> cig ,g;D f/g; 'tPl;by; vd;DldpUf;Fk;
ngz;fs;> ePH Xjf; $batuhf ,Uf;fpd;wPH. ehq;fNsh Xjf;$bath;fsy;yh;.
MfNt ,khkhf epd;W vq;fSf;Fj; njhOif elhj;JtPuhf" vd;W vd;dplk; $wpdh;.
ehd; (mth;fspd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f) vl;L uf;mj;Jf;fisj; njhOtpj;J tpj;iuAk;
njhOtpj;Njd;" vd;whh;. mjw;F egpath;fs; vJTk; $whJ nksdk; rhjpj;jhh;fs;.
'egpath;fspd; nksdj;ij ehk; mq;fPfhukhff; fUjpNdhk;" vd;Wk; cig ,g;D f/g;
(uop) $Wfpwhh;.
,jpypUe;J XH Mz; jdpahf ngz;fSf;F khj;jpuk; njhOif elhj;jyhk; vd;gJ
njhpfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mtrpak; jpiuapl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjpy;iy. xUtifapy; jpiuapl;Lf; nfhs;tJ ghJfhg;ghdNj.
j`[;[{j;Jila Neuk;
Nfs;tp: j`[;[{j; njhOiff;Fhpa Neuk; vd;d? J}f;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpopj;Jj; njhOk;
njhOifNa j`[;[{j; vd mwpfpd;Nwhk;. ,jd; cz;ik ahJ? njspthd tpsf;fnkhd;iw
vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwd;.
gjpy;: ,utpy; epd;W tzq;Fk; njhOifNa fpahKy; iyy; vd;Wk;j`[;[{j; vd;Wk;
$wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;Ff; fz;bg;ghfj; J}q;fp vo Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ epge;jiday;y.
,\hj; njhOifapd; gpd;dh; ,utpd; Muk;gj;jpNyh> eLg;gFjpapNyh my;yJ
,Wjpg; gFjpapNyh ,uT Neuj;njhOifia epiwNtw;wyhk;.
'egp (]y;) mth;fspd; j`[;[{j;Jf;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l Neuk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mth;fs; jkJ
trjpiaAk; nrsfhpaj;ijAk; nghWj;J mjid mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;" vd;fpwhh; ,khk;
,g;D `[h; (u`;).
MapDk;> j`[;[{j;ij ,utpd; %d;whk; gFjpapy; njhOtJ kpfr; rpwg;GilajhFk;.
,jw;Fg; gy `jP];fs; Mjhukhf cs;sd.
'vq;fsJ ,iwtd; xt;nthU ehs; ,utpYk; mjd; %d;whk; gFjpapy; fPo;
thdj;jpw;F ,wq;fp> 'vd;id miog;gth; ,Uf;fpd;whuh? ehd; mtUf;Fg; gjpy;
mspf;fpd;Nwd;. vd;dplk; Nfl;gth; ,Uf;fpd;whuh? ehd; mtUf;Ff;
nfhLf;fpd;Nwd;. vd;dplk; ghtkd;dpg;Gf; NfhUgth; ,Uf;fpd;whuh? ehd;
mtUf;F kd;dpg;G mspf;fpd;Nwd;" vd;W $Wfpd;whd; vd egp (]y;) mth;fs;
$wpdhh;fs;. mwptpg;ghsh;: mG+`{iuwh (uyp)> Mjhuk; : Gfhhp>
K];ypk;
'mbahd; ug;Gf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ ,utpd; filrpg;gFjpapyhFk;.
vdNt> mt;Ntisapy; my;yh`;it jpf;h; nra;gth;fspy; xUtuhf ck;khy; ,Uf;f
KbAkhapd; mg;gbr; nra;tPuhf" vd;W jdf;F egp (]y;) mth;fs; $wpajhf
ckh; ,g;D mg;]h (wyp) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. (my;`hfpk;> mj;jph;kpjp>
me;e]h<)

34

mG+K];ypk; (u`;) mth;fs; mG+jh; (wop) mth;fsplk; 'fpahKy; iyypy;

rpwe;jJ vJ?" vd;W tpdtpdhh;. mjw;F mth;> 'ePH vd;dplk; ,jidf; Nfl;gJ
NghyNt ehDk; ,J gw;wp u]{Yy;yh`;tplk; tpdtpNdd;. mjw;F mth;fs;
'eLeprpapd; kPjKs;s gFjpahFk;. ,jidr; rpyNu nra;gth;fshf ,Ug;gh;;" vdf;
$wpdhh;. (m`;kj;)
NkYk; j`[;[{j; njhOiff;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l uf;mj;Jf;fs; ,y;iy vd;gjidAk; ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;f.
[{k;MTf;F Ke;jpa ,uz;L uf;Mj; ]{d;dj; njhOif
Nfs;tp: [{k;kh jpdj;jpy; fjPg; Fj;ghg; gpurq;fk; nra;aj; njhlq;f Kd;
ek;ehl;by; ngUk;ghyhd k];[pJfspy; [{k;khTf;fhd ]{d;dj; vd;W ,uz;L
uf;mj;Jf;fs; njhog;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifanjhU njhOif ,Uf;fpd;wjh? tpsf;fk; juTk;.
gjpy;: rpy ,];yhkpa mwpQHfs; [{k;khj; njhOiff;F Ke;jpa ]{d;dj;
vd;wtifapy; ,U uf;mj;Jfs; cz;L vdf; $wpapUg;gpDk; ,j;njhOiff;F ]`P`hd
`jP];fis
Mjhukha;f;
fhz
Kbatpy;iy.
[{k;kh
njhlh;ghd
`jP];fis
Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ> [{k;MTf;fhd mjhd;> Fj;gh> njhOif Mfpa %d;Wk;
xd;wd; gpd; xd;whfj; njhlh;e;Njh;r;rpahf eilngw;wpUg;gijNa fhz KbfpwJ.
mq;Nf ,U uf;mj;Jfs; ]{d;dj;jhfj; njhOtjw;F NeuNkh> re;jh;g;gNkh ,Ue;jjhfj;
njhpatpy;iy. ,jid ,khk; my;-,whfP tpsf;Fifapy; 'u]{Yy;yh`; [{k;Mj; njhOiff;F
Kd;dh; njhOjpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjw;F vj;jifa MjhuKk; ,y;iy. Vnddpy;>
mth;fs; [{k;MTf;fhf k];[pJf;F te;jTld; mjhd; nrhy;yg;gl;L mjidj; njhlh;e;J
Fj;ghg; gpurq;fj;ijr; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;Nw njhpa tUfpwJ" vd;fpwhh;.
(E}y;> ieYy; xsjhh;-ghfk; 3> gf;-216) ,Nj fUj;ij ,khk; ,g;D `[h; my;m];fyhdpAk; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. (gf;`{y; ghhP> ghfk; 2 gf;-341) ,khk;
,g;Dy; ifapk; fPo;tUkhW $Wfpwhh;:
'gpyhy; (uop) mth;fs; ([{k;MTf;fhf) mjhd; $wp KbTw;wJk;> midtUk; ,uz;L
uf;mj;Jf;s; njhOjhh;fs; vd epidg;gth; ]{d;dhit mwpahjtNu" (ghh;f;f: ]hJy;
KMj;)
',jdhy;jhd; gpioahd ]{d;dj; vd tpsq;fg;gl;l ,j; njhOifiag; gw;wp ,khk;
\hgp<apd; 'ck;K"tpNyh ,khk; m`;kjpd; 'my;-k]hapy;"ypNyh ehd;
mwpe;jtiu Vida Muk;gfhy ,khk;fspd; E}y;fspNyh vj;jifa Fwpg;Gk;
,lk;ngwtpy;iy" vd;fpwhh; ,khk; my;-kdhtp> (ghh;f;f- igSs; fjPH)
[{k;MTila gpe;jpa ]{d;dj; njhOifiag; nghWj;j tiuapy;> mjw;Fj; njspthd> ]
`P`hd Mjhuq;fSz;L. cjhuzj;jpw;F fPo;tUk; egpnkhopiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
'cq;fspy; xUth; [{k;Mj; njhOifia epiwNtw;wptpl;lhy; mjd;gpd; ehd;F
uf;mj;Jfs; njhol;Lk;." (Mjhuk;-K];ypk;> e]haP> jph;kpjp)

35

[{k;Mj; jpdj;jpy; k];[pJf;F te;jth; 'egpy; Kj;yf;" vDk; Neuk;> uf;mj;Jfs;

tiuaWf;fg;glhj ]{d;dj; njhOifia epiwNtw;wyhk; vd;gjidf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.
[{k;MTf;Fhpa vz;zpf;if
Nfs;tp : [{k;M epiwNtWtjw;Fhpa epge;jidfspy; [{k;MTf;Ff; Fiwe;jJ ehw;gJ
Ngh; r%fkspj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; xd;whFkh? Fwpj;j njhifapdh;
,y;yhjNghJ [{k;Mj; njhOifAld; Y`h; njhOifiaAk; epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lkh?
tpsf;fk; Njit.
gjpy;:
[{k;M
epiwNtWtjw;Fhpa
epge;jidfspy;>
mJ
[khmj;jhf
epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; xd;whFk;. ,jpy; mwpQHfs; kj;jpapy;
mgpg;gpuhaNgjk; ,y;iy. jhhpf; ,g;D \p`hg; (uyp) egp (]y;) mth;fs;
$wpajhf fPo;tUkhW mwptpf;fpwhh;: '[{k;MthdJ xt;nthU K];ypKk;
[khmj;Jld; epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba xU flikahFk;."
MapDk;> [{k;M epiwNtWtjw;F mtrpakhd njhifapdh; tplaj;jpy; ,khk;fs;
kj;jpapy; fUj;J NtWghL epyTfpd;wJ. vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fwpg;gpLtjpy;
tpj;jpahrkhd gjpide;J fUj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;iw ,khk; ,g;D `[h; (u`;)
jdJ gj;`{y; ghhpapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ,f;fUj;Jf;fspy; ,uz;L Ngiuf; nfhz;Lk;
[{k;M epiwNtw;w KbAk; vd;gNj gykhdjhff; nfhs;sg;gl KbfpwJ. ',UtUk;>
mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhUk; xU [khmj;jhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;" vDk; egp nkhop
,f;fUj;Jf;Fhpa
njspthd
MjhukhFk;.
,khk;
\t;fhdp
fPo;tUkhW
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;: ,Utiuf; nfhz;L Vida njhOiffs; epiwNtWk; vd;gJ ,[;khthd
KbthFk;. [{k;MTk; xU njhOifNa. Vida njhOiffis tpl;Lk; Kuz;gLk; tpjj;jpy;
mtw;wpw;F ,y;yhj xU gpuj;jpNafkhd rl;lk;-jf;f Mjhuk; ,y;yhj NghJ- ,Uj;jy;
KbahJ. cz;ikapy; [{k;Mtpy;> gpwnjhOiffspy; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk; njhifia
tpl mjpfkhd XH vz;zpf;ifiaf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F vj;jifa
MjhuKk; ,y;iy.
'[{k;Mtpy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;bath;fspd; njhifgw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;
MjhuG+Htkhd `jP];fs; ,y;iy" vd ,khk; mg;Jy; `f; $Wfpwhh;. ,f;fUj;ij ,khk; ]
{A+j;jpAk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ,f;fUj;ijNa ,khk;fshd mj;jghp> md;dfaP>
,g;D `];k; Nghd;NwhUk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
[{k;MTk; Y`h; njhOifAk;
Nfs;tp: [{k;Mj; njhOifapy; ,uz;lhk; uf;mj;jpy; mj;j`pa;ahj;jpy; ,khk; ,Uf;Fk;
NghJ> njhOifapy; te;J Nrh;e;j xUthpd; epiy vd;d? mth; [{k;MTf;F epa;aj;
itj;J S`h; njho Ntz;Lkh? my;yJ S`Uf;F epa;aj; itj;J [{k;M njhOtjh?
Mjhuq;fSld; tpsf;fk; jUf.

36

gjpy;: xUth; [{k;Mj; njhOifapy; Kjy; uf;mj;ijj; jtw tpl;lNghjpYk;> ,uz;lhk;

uf;mj;ij mile;J nfhz;lhy; [{k;Mit KOikahfg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;ltuhf fUjg;gLthh;.
vdNt mth; jdJ njhOifiag; G+uzg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf NkYk; xU uf;mj; khj;jpuk;
njhOjhy;
NghJkhdjhFk;.
,JNt
ngUk;ghyhd
mwpQHfspd;
mgpg;gpuhakhFk;. ,f;fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhfg; gpd;tUk; `jP];fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
'xUth; [{k;Mj; njhOifapd; xU uf;mj;ij (,khKld;) mile;J nfhz;lhy;> mth;
mj;Jld; kw;WnkhU uf;mj;ijr; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk;. (mjidf; nfhz;L) mtuJ
njhOif
rk;G+uzkhfptpLk;."
(e]h<>
,g;D
kh[h>
jhuFj;dp>
mwptpg;ghsh;> ,g;D ckh; (wop)
'njhOifapd; xU uf;fmj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lth;
nfhz;ltuhthh;." (Gfhhp> K];ypk;)

mjid

KOikahf

mile;J

Mdhy; [{k;Mj; njhOifapy; xU uf;mj;ij tplf; Fiwe;j msitg; ngw;wth; (,uz;lhk;

uf;mj;jpy; ,khk; U$,ypUe;J vOe;jjd; gpd;dh; te;J Nrh;e;J nfhz;lth;) [{k;Mj;
njhOifia mile;J nfhz;lth; my;y. mth; jdJ njhOifia S`h;j;njhOif vd;w
mbg;gilapy; ehd;F uf;fmj;Jf;fshfj; njho Ntz;Lk;. epa;aj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy;
[{k;MTf;F epa;aj; itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (wop)
$Wfpd;whh;:
'vth; [{k;Mtpd; xU uf;mj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;whNuh> mth; kw;WnkhU
uf;mj;ijr;
Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sl;Lk;.
vtUf;F
,uz;L
uf;fmj;Jf;fSk;
jtwpg;Ngha;tpLfpd;wdNth>
mth;
ehd;F
uf;fmj;Jfs;
njhol;Lk;."
(mj;jguhdp)
,g;D ckh; (wop) mth;fspd; fUj;Jg; gpd;tUkhW: 'ePH [{k;Mtpd; xU
uf;mj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhy;> mjNdhL kw;Wnkhd;iwr; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;tPuhf.
mth;fs; ([{k;Mj; njhOk; [khmj;jpdh;) ,Ug;gpy; (mj;j`pa;ahj;jpy;) ,Uf;Fk;
NghJ ePH mth;fSld; ,ize;J nfhz;lhy; ehd;F uf;mj;Jf;fs; njhOtPuhf"
(my;ig`fp)
,JNt> \hgp<> khypfp> `d;gyp kj;`Gfspd; fUj;jhFk;.
Fj;ghtpd; NghJ njhOjy;
Nfs;tp : nts;spf;fpoik [{k;Mtpd;NghJ ,khk; Fj;ghg; gpurq;fk; nra;Ak;
Neuj;jpy; njhoyhkh?
gjpy;: [{k;M jpdj;jpy; ,khk; Fj;ghg; gpurq;fj;Jf;fhf tuKd;dh; egpy; njhOtJ ]
{d;dj;jhFk;. re;jh;g;gj;ijg; nghWj;J vt;tsTk; njhoyhk;. Mdhy;> ,khk; Fj;gh
epfo;j;Jtjw;fhf te;Jtpl;lhy; mt;thW njhOtij epWj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,e;epiyapYk; 'j`pa;aj;Jy; k];[pj;" njhOifia epiwNtw;wyhk;. gpurq;fk;
epfo;j;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJk; ,jidj; njhoyhk;. Mdhy; njhOifia ePl;bf;
nfhz;buhJ mtrukhf Kbj;Jf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. Fj;gh KbAk; jWthapy; xUth;
37

te;jhy;> j`pa;aj;Jy; k];[pijj; njhOk; tha;g;Gf; Fiwthf ,Ug;gpd;> mjid

epiwNtw;w Ntz;bajpy;iy.
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ckh; (uyp) [{k;MTf;F Kd; ePz;lNeuk; njhOgtuhfTk;>
[{k;MTf;Fg; gpd; ,uz;L uf;mj;Jfs; njhOgtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhh;. w]{Yy;yh`;
mth;fSk; ,t;thW nra;J te;jhh;fs; vd mwptpg;gtuhfTk; mth; ,Ue;jhh;.
(Mjhuk;: mG+jhT+j;)
egp (]y;) mth;fs; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;: 'vth; [{k;M jpdj;jpy;
Fspj;J> gpd;dh; [{k;MTf;fhf te;J rpy uf;mj;Jfs; njhOJ> njhlh;e;J ,khk;
Fj;ghit Kbf;Fk; tiu mjidf; fhJ jho;j;jpf; Nfl;L> gpd;dh; mtUld; ([{k;MitAk;)
njhOfpwhNuh> mtuJ me;j [{k;MTf;Fk;> mLj;JtUk; [{k;MTf;Fk; Nkyjpfkhf
NkYk; %d;W ehl;fSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLk;." (Mjhuk;: K];ypk;)
NkYk; xU egpnkhop fPo;tUkhW mike;Js;sJ. '[{k;Mj; jpdj;jd;W xUth;
te;jhy;> ,khk; Fj;ghTf;fhf te;jpUg;gpd; ,uz;L uf;mj;Jf;fs; njhol;Lk;."
(Mjhuk;: Gfhhp> K];ypk;)
,q;F ehk; [{k;MTf;F Ke;jpa njhOif vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ> Fj;ghTf;F Ke;jpa>
uf;mj;Jf;fs; tiuaWf;fg;glhj> egpyhd njhOifNaad;wp [{k;MTf;F Ke;jpa ]
{d;dj; vdg; gyh; toq;Fk; ,uz;L uf;mj;JfSk; my;y. mj;njhOiff;Fg; Nghjpa
Mjhuq;fs; ,y;iy.
ngz;fs; gs;spthry; nrd;W njhOjy;
Nfs;tp : ngz;fs; gs;spthapYf;Fr; nrd;W [{k;Mj; njhOif apYk;>
$l;Lj;njhOifapYk; fye;J nfhs;tJ gw;wpa \hPmj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lk; vd;d?
gjpy;: ngz;fSf;F [{k;Mj; njhOif flikahdjy;y vd;gJ VNfhgpj;j KbthFk;. ,th;fs;
[{k;MTf;Fg; gjpyhf S`h; njhOifia epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. MapDk; xU ngz;
[{k;Mj; njhOifia epiwNtw;wpdhy; mJ nry;YgbahFk;. ,e;epiyapy; mth;
S`h;j; njhOifia epiwNtw;w Ntz;bajpy;iy. egpath;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs;
gs;spthapYf;Fr; nrd;W [{k;Mj; njhOifapy; gq;F gw;wpdhh;fs;.
ngz;fs; gs;spthapYf;F te;J Iq;fhyf; $l;Lj; njhOif fspYk; fye;Jnfhs;s
mDkjpAz;L. Mdhy; ,r;iriaj; J}z;lf;$bait> fth;r;rpahd myq;fhuk;
Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;Jk;> thridj; jputpaq;fisg; G+rpf;nfhz;L tUtjpypUe;Jk;
fz;bg;ghfj; jtph;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
'ngz;fs; gs;spthapYf;Fr; nry;tijj; jLf;fhjPHfs;. MapDk; mth;fSf;F mth;fsJ
tPLfNs (njhOiffis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F) kpfTk; rpwe;jjhFk;" vd egpath;fs;
$wpajhf ,g;D ckh; (uyp) mwptpf;fpwhh;.
mG+`{iuwh
'my;yh`;tpd;

(uyp)
mwptpf;Fk;
xU
egpnkhop
fPo;tUkhW:
mbikfshd ngz;fis my;yh`;tpd; khspiff;Fr; nry;tijj;
38

jLf;fhjPh;fs;. mth;fs; mq;F thridj; jputpaq;fisg; G+rpf;nfhs;shJ nry;yl;Lk;."

(Mjhuk;-m`;kj;> mG+jhT+j;)
nghJthf ngz;fs; tPLfspy; njhOtNj rpwe;jjhFk;. ,f;fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhf K];dj;
m`;kj;> mj;jguhdp Mfpa fpue;jq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fPo;tUk; `jPi]f;
Fwpg;gplyhk;;:
ck;K `{ikj; m];]hapjpa;ah vd;w ngz;kzp egpfshhplk; te;J 'my;yh`;tpd;
J}jNu! ehd; cq;fSld; njho tpUk;GfpNwd;" vd;whh;. mjw;F egpath;fs; 'ePH
ckJ tPl;liwapy; njhOtJ ckJ r%fj;jthpd; gs;spthapypy; njhOtij tplr; rpwe;jJ.
ePH ckJ r%fj;jthpd; gs;spthapypy; njhOtJ nghJg; gs;spthapypy; njhOtij
tplr; rpwe;jjhFk;." vdf; $wpdhh;fs;.
Fy;yijd;
Nfs;tp : Fy;yijDf;Ff; Fiwthf cs;s ePhpYk; iffisg; ghj;jpukhff; nfhz;L TS
nra;fpd;Nwd; vd;w epa;aj;Jld; iffis me;j ePhpDs; tpl;L ms;sp TO nra;a
KbAk; vd;W rpyh; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,jw;F Mjhuq;fs; VNjDk; cz;lh? njspthd
tpsf;fj;ij vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwd;.
gjpy;: ,f;fUj;Jr; rhpahdNj. ,jid \hgp kj;`g; mq;fPfhpf;fpwJ. ,uz;L Fy;yj;Jf;Ff;
Fiwe;j ePhpy; ,j;jifa epa;aj; ,d;wpNa iffis ,l;L TSr; nra;aTk; gy Mjhuq;fs;
cs;sd. xU TS nra;tjw;fhf cgNahfpf;fg;gl;l ePiu NkYk; ,U TS nra;tjw;F (mJ
Fy;yijDf;Ff; Fiwe;jjhf ,Ug;gpDk;) gad;gLj;jyhk; vdg; gy ,khk;fs;
fUJfpd;wdh;.
'egpath;fs; (TSTf;fhf) jdJ iffisf; fOtpa ePhpypUe;J jdJ jiyia k];`;
nra;Js;shh;fs;" vd mh;Uga;a/ gpd;j; Kmt;tpj; (uyp) mwptpj;Js;shh;fs;.
(mG+jhT+j;> m`;kj;)
'myp (uyp)> mG+ ckhkh (uyp)> mjh (u`;)> my;-`]d; (u`;)> kf;`{y;
(u`;)> md;efap (u`;) Nghd;Nwhh;> jiyia k];`; nra;a kwe;jth; jdJ jhbapy;
gbe;jpUf;Fk; ePiuf; nfhz;L k];`; nra;J nfhs;s KbAk; vdf; $wpAs;sdh;"
vd;fpwhh; ,khk; ,g;Dy; Kd;]ph; (u`;). ,J> cgNahfpf;fg;gl;l ePH (khcd;
K];j/ky;) jd;dpYk; Rj;jkhdJ> gpwtw;iwAk; Rj;jk; nra;af;$baJ vd;gijNa
fhl;LfpwJ vd;Wk; mth; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
,khk;fshd khypf;> \hgp Mfpa ,UthpdJk; mwptpg;nghd;wpy; ,f;fUj;Jf;F
,zf;fk; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ]{g;ahD];]t;hP (u`;)> mG+]t;h; (u`;)
Nghd;Nwhh; cl;gl oh`php kj;`igr; Nrh;e;j ,khk;fSk; ,f;fUj;Jf;Fr; rhh;ghf
cs;sdh; vd ,khk; ,g;D `hk; $Wfpd;whh;.
Jd;ahTila tplaq;fis k];[pjpy; NgRjy;

39

Nfs;tp: Jd;ahTila tplaq;fisg; gs;spthaypy; Ngrf;$lhJ vd;gJ rhpjhdh?

gjpy;:
gs;spthapypy;
MFkhd
Ngr;Rf;fisg;
NgRtJk;
(Jd;ahTila
tptfhuq;fisAk; mit Nghd;w MFkhdtw;iwAk; NgRtJ) MFkhdjhFk;. ,j;jifa
Ngr;Rf;fs; rphpg;Gld; fye;jjhf ,Ug;gpDk; rhpNa> vd ,khk; ettP $Wfpwhh;.
'egpath;fspd; fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; gs;spthaypy; [h`pypa;af; fhyj;jpy; ele;j
tplaq;fis vLj;Jf; $wpr; rphpg;Nghuha; ,Ue;jdh;. egpfshUk; Gd;KWty;
G+g;gth;fsha; ,Ue;jhh;fs;." (mwptpg;gth;: [hgph; ,g;D rKwh> Mjhuk;:
K];ypk;) MapDk; gs;spthaypy; tPz; Ngr;Rf;fisg; NgRtJ jtph;f;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. njhOgth;fSf;F ,ilA+W Vw;gLk; tpjj;jpy; cuj;j Fuypy; NgRtJk;>
my;FHMid XJtJk; $l `uhkhdjhFk;. MapDk;> gs;spthaypy; fw;gpj;jypd;
NghJ rj;jkpLtJ jtwhdjy;y vd mwpQHfs; fUJfpd;wdh;.
]f;fhj;Jk; jq;fj;jpd; ep]hGk;
Nfs;tp: ]f;fhj;jpy; jq;fj;jpw;Fhpa 'ep]hg;" Fiwe;j gl;r mstpid tpsf;Ff?
gjpy;: etPd msit Kiwg;gb vz;gj;jp Ie;J fpuhk; jq;fNk mjw;Fhpa ep]hghff;
nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. vdNt Fwpj;j mstpw;F Nky; jq;fk; itj;jpUf;Fk; xUth;
mjw;Fhpa
]fhj;ijr;
nrYj;j
Ntz;ba
Ntisapy;
gzkhf
toq;Ftjhapd;
mr;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; vz;gj;ije;J fpuhk; jq;fj;Jf;Fhpa tpiyia mwpe;J nkhj;jj;
njhifapy; ,uz;liu tPjk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gzj;jpw;Fhpa ep]hg; msitAk; jq;fj;ij mbg;gilahf itj;J eph;zapg;gNj kpfg;
nghUj;jkhdjhFk; vd;gijAk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;f. vz;gj;ije;J fpuhk; jq;fk; Rkhh;
gj;jiug; gTz; jq;fj;jpw;Fr; rkdhdjhFk;. gzj;jpw;Fhpa ep]hg; msit nts;spia
mbg;gilahf itj;J eph;zapf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf;$Wk; mwpQHfSk; csh;.
]f;fhj;Jk; fhyjhkjKk;
Nfs;tp: xUth; jdJ fzf;fplg;gl;l ]f;fhj; gzj;ij fzf;fplg;gl;lJk; clNd nfhLj;J Kbj;J
tpl Ntz;Lkh? rpy fhuzq;fSf;fhf mjidf; fhyk; jho;j;jpf; nfhLf;fyhkh? rpwpJ
fhyj;Jf;F mjidj; jdJ KjYld; ,izj;Jj; njhopypy; <LgLj;jyhkh? njspthd tpsf;fk;
Njit.
gjpy;: xUth; jdJ nghUspy; ]f;fhj;jhff; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba njhifia mjidf;
fzf;fpl;lTld; jhkjkpd;wp tpepNahfpj;Jtpl Ntz;Lkh my;yJ jhkjpj;Jf; nfhLf;fTk;
mDkjpAz;lh vd;w tplaj;jpy; fUj;J NtWghL cz;L.
flikahd ]f;fhj;Jf;Fhpa njhifiaj; jhkjpf;fhJ cld; epiwNtw;wp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj
,khk;fshd \hgp<> khypf;> m`;kj; MfpNahh; cl;gl `dgp kj;`igr; Nrh;e;j rpy
cykhf;fspdJk; fUj;jhFk;.

40

xUtUf;F ]f;fhj; flikia epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd vy;yh epge;jidfSk; mikag;

ngw;wpUe;J mjid clNd epiwNtw;Wtjw;F KbAkhd epiyapYk; mth;
,Ue;jhy;> mjidg; gpw;gLj;JtJ $lhJ.
]f;fhj;ijj; jhkjpj;J> gpw;gLj;jp epiwNtw;wyhk; vd;gJ ,khk; mG+`dpgh (u`;)
mth;fspdJk; ngUk;ghyhd `dgpahf;fspdJk; mgpg;gpuhakhFk;.
MapDk;> Kjy; jug;gpdhpd; fUj;Nj gykhdjhff; nfhs;sg; gLfpd;wJ. mth;fs;
jkJ KbTf;F Mjhuq;fshfg; gpd;tU tdtw;iw Kd;itj;Js;sdh;.
1. ]f;fhj;ijf; nfhLq;fs; vd;w my;yh`;tpd; fl;lis cld; mJ epiwNtw;wg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;gijNa Ntz;b epw;fpwJ.
2. flikahd xd;iw tpLtJ jz;lidf;Fhpa Fw;wkhFk;. mj;jifa fliknahd;iwj;
jhkjpj;Jr; nra;a KbAk; vd;wpUg;gpd;> mf;flikia epiwNtw;whj
xUtiu ,Wjptiu jz;bg;gJ vd;gJ rhj;jpakw;wjhfptpLk;.
3. Vioapd; Njit cldbahf epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;ba xd;W. vdNt mjw;fhf
tFf;fg;gl;Ls;s ]f;fhj;Jk; cld; epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;bajhFk;.
4. nry;tj;ij
Nerpg;gJ>
mjid
,of;f
tpUk;ghjpUg;gJ
kdpjdpd;
RghtkhFk;.
,e;epiyapy;
]f;fhj;ijg;
gpw;gLj;jpj;
jhkjkhfTk;
epiwNtw;wyhk;
vd;wpUg;gpd;
xUth;
mjidj;
njhlh;e;Jk;
gpw;gLj;jp ,Wjpapy; mth; kuzpj;Jtpl ,lKz;L. my;yJ nry;tkhdJ mth;
ifapypUe;J mope;J tplTk; rhj;jpaKz;L.
5. ]f;fhj; vd;gJ njhOif> Nehd;G Mfpad Nghd;w kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; (c-k;
tUlhe;jk;) njhlh;e;J epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba xU tzf;fkhFk;. vdNt xU
Kiwf;Fhpa ]f;fhj;ij mLj;j Kiwtiu gpw;NghLtJ $lhJ.
xUth; jd;kPJ ]f;fhj; th[pghd epiyapy; mjid epiwNtw;Wk; re;jh;g;gk;
fpilj;Jk; epiwNtw;whJ kuzpj;J tpl;lhy;> mJ mtuJ thhpRr; nrhj;jpypUe;J
epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,khk;fshd \hgp<> m`;kj; MfpNahhpd;
fUj;jhFk;.
'kdpjUf;Fhpa fld;fNs
epiwNtw;wg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;wpUf;Fk; NghJ
my;yh`;Tf;Fhpa fld; (mtw;iwtpl) epiwNtw;wj;jf;fjhFk;" vd;w `jP]; ,f;fUj;Jf;F
Mjhukhf nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
NkNy fz;lthW ]f;fhj; vd;gJ jhkjkpd;wp mtrukhf epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;ba
xd;W vd;wpUg;gpDk; mjid cldbahf epiwNtw;Wtjpy; jdf;Nfh my;yJ jdJ
nghUSf;Nfh NfNlJk; Vw;gLk; vd;W mQ;Rk; NghJ mjidg; gpw;gLj;Jtjpy;
jtwpy;iy. mt;thNw> kpfg; nghUj;jkhdtiuf; fz;lwpAk; tiu my;yJ ,JNghd;w
gpw epahakhd eyd;fisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L ]f;fhj; flikia cld; epiwNtw;whJ
gpw;gLj;Jtjw;F mDkjpAz;L.

41

NkYk; xUth; jdJ nrhe;jj; Njitf;fhfj; jhd; ]f;fhj;jhff; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba njhifiar;
nryT nra;J tpl;L gpd;dh; mjid chpath;fSf;F toq;fTk; ,lKz;L. Mdhy;>
mj;njhif mthpd; nghWg;gpYs;s kpfg; nghpanjhU fldhFk; vd;gjid mth; czu
Ntz;Lk;. nghJthf ve;j mkiyAk; jhkjg;gLj;jhJ tpiuthf epiwNtw;Wk;
gbNa ,];yhk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; ]f;fhj; Nghd;w xU flikia
KbAkhdtiu Jhpjkhf epiwNtw;w Kay;tJ xU K];ypkpd; flikahFk;.
]f;fhj;ij cld; gpwg;GfSf;Fk; ,dge;JfSf;Fk; nfhLj;jy;
Nfs;tp: ]f;fhj; tpjpahf;fg;gl;l xUth; jd;
gpwg;GfSf;Fk; ,dge;Jf;fSf;Fk; toq;FtJ MFkh?

]fhj;jpypUe;J

jd;

cld;

gjpy;: xUth; jdJ ]f;fhj;ijj; J}uj;J cwtpdh;fSf;F toq;fyhk; vd;gjpy;

fUj;JNtWghL ,y;iy. Mdhy;> neUq;fpa ,dge;Jf;fshd ngw;Nwhh;> gps;isfs;>
rNfhju rNfhjhpfs;> nghpa> rpwpa je;ijkhh;-jha;khh;> khkpkhh;>
khkhkhh; Nghd;NwhUf;F xUth; jdJ ]f;fhj;ijf; nfhLf;fyhkh> vd;gJ tphpthf
tpsf;fg;glNtz;banjhd;whFk;.
]f;fhj; nfhLf;Fk; xUth; jdJ neUq;fpa cwtpdnuhUth;f;F Mkpy; my;yJ
,iwghijapy; NghuhLgth; my;yJ fld;fhuh; my;yJ gpuahzp vd;w tifapy; jdJ ]
f;fhj;ijf; nfhLj;Jjt KbAk;. Mdhy;> ,j;jifa neUq;fpa ,dge;Jf;fSf;F gf;fPH>
kp];fPd; gq;fpypUe;J toq;FtNj rh;r;irf;Fhpajhf cs;sJ. ,q;Fk; xUthpd; ]
f;fhj;ij> mth; mjid xg;gilj;j muNrh my;yJ epWtdNkh mtuJ ,dge;Jf;fSf;Ff;
nfhLg;gJ gpioahdjy;y. Mdhy;> xUth; jdJ ]f;fhj;ijj; jhNd gfph;tjhf
,Ug;gpd;> jdJ neUq;fpa ,dge;JfSf;F toq;fyhkh vDk; tplaj;jpy; tphpthd
tpguq;fs; $wg;gLfpd;wd.
xUth; jdJ ]f;fhj; epjpapypUe;J jdJ ngw;NwhUf;Nfh> gps;isfSf;Nfh nfhLf;f
KbahJ vd;gJ njspthd jPHg;ghFk;. Vnddpy;> kfdpd; nrhj;J ngw;NwhhpdJk;
nrhj;jhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. mt;thNw je;ijapd; XH mq;fkhfNt gps;isfs;
,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
xUth; jdJ ]f;fhj;ijj; jd; ngw;Nwhh; gps;isfSf;Ff; nfhLf;f KbahjJ NghyNt jd;
kidtpf;Fk; toq;f KbahJ. Vnddpy;> xUtuJ kidtpAk; mthpd; xU gFjpahfNt
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;whs;.
xU fztd; jd; kidtpf;Fj; jdJ ]f;fhj;ijf; nfhLf;f KbahJ vd;wpUg;gpDk;> xU
kidtpf;Fj; jdJ ]f;fhj; epjpapypUe;J jd; fztDf;F cjt KbAk; vd;w fUj;J gy
mwpQHfshYk; typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;Jf;F ek;gfkhdJk; cWjpahdJkhd gy
Mjhuq;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
xUtuJ ngw;Nwhh;> gps;isfs;> kidtp MfpNahuy;yhj gpw ,dge;JfSf;F (ck;:
rNfhju> rNfhjhpfs;> khkh> khkp Nghd;Nwhh;); mtuJ ]f;fhj;ijf;
nfhLf;fyhkh> vd;gjpy; NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd.

42

xUth; jdJ ]f;fhj; nghUspypUe;J Fwpj;j ,dge;JfSf;F toq;f KbAk; vd;gNj gykhd
fUj;jhff;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;. `dgp kj;`gpd; ,khk;fs;> ,khk; a`;ah> ,khk; m`;kj;
Nghd;NwhUk; ,d;Dk; gyUk; ,f;fUj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,g;D mg;gh];> ,g;D
k];Cj; Nghd;w ]`hghf;fSk;> ]aPj; ,g;D K]a;apa;> my;-`]d;> ,g;uh`Pk;>
K[h`pj;> my;-o`;`hf; Nghd;w jhgp<d;fSk; Nkw;gb fUj;ij Mjhpg;gth;fs;
vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
'Viof;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; ]jfh (]f;fhj;) ntWk; ]jfh khj;jpuNk. Mdhy;>
,dge;JfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;w ]jfhNth ,uz;L $ypfisj; juf;$bajhFk;.
Vnddpy;> mJ ]jfhthfTk; ,dge;Jf;fSld; nfhz;l cwthfTk; cs;sJ." (m`;kj;>
e]hap> jph;kpjp) vDk; egpnkhopAk; Nkw;Nghe;j fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhff;
nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
]f;fhj; ngwj;jFjpAilNahh; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w rl;l trdq;fs;> gf;fPHfis>
cwtpdh;fs;> me;epah;fs; vd;W gphpj;Jf; fhl;lhJ nghJg;gilahfNt te;Js;sd.
kidtp> ngw;Nwhh;> Foe;ijfs; MfpNahiug; nghWj;jtiu xUtuJ ]f;fhj;jpypUe;J
mth;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;f KbahJ vd;gJ ,[;khtpdJ mbg;gilapYk; kw;Wk; gy
Mjhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nehd;igf; fohr; nra;jy;

Nfs;tp: ,e;j tUlk; tpLgl;l Nehd;ig mLj;j \/ghd; 15k; ehs; gpe;jpajd; gpd;dh;
Nehw;gjd; %yk; fohthd me;j Nehd;G epth;j;jpahFkh? my;yJ mjw;F Kd;
Nehw;why;j;jhd; epth;j;jpahFkh?
gjpy;: xU tUlj;jpy; tpLgl;l ukohd; Nehd;ig mLj;j \/ghd; khjk; gjpide;jhk;
jpdj;Jf;F Kd; Nehw;why;jhd; foh epiwNtw Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy;iy. Fwpj;j jpdj;Jf;F
gpd;dUk; Fwpj;j Nehd;ig Nehw;f KbAk;. mLj;j ukohd; Nehd;G te;J
tpbDk;> mjid Nehw;W Kbe;j gpd; Kd;ida tUlk; tpLgl;l Nehd;igf; foh nra;a
KbAk;. MapDk;> jf;f fhuzkpd;wp mLj;j ukohd; tiu fohit epiwNtw;whJ>
gpd;dh; epiwNtw;Wgth; tpl;l xt;nthU Nehd;gpw;fhfTk; ,uz;L ifg;gpbasT
czit gpj;ahthff; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lnkd ,khk;fshd \hgp<> khypf;> m`;kj;
Nghd;Nwhh; fUJfpd;wdh;. ve;epiyapYk; gpj;ahf; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba
mtrpakpy;iy vd;Wk;> Nehd;ig Nehw;why; khj;jpuk; NghJkhdJ vd;Wk;
`dgpa;ahf;fs;
fUJfpd;wdh;.
`dgpa;ahf;fspd;
,f;fUj;Nj
,t;tplaj;jpy;
cWjpahdnjd etPd fhy mwpQHfs; gyh; $Wfpd;wdh;.
rpije;j cliyf; Fspg;ghl;ly;

43

Nfs;tp: xU K];ypkpd; cly; vhpf;fg;gl;L vYk;G khj;jpuk; vQ;rp ,Uf;Fk;

NghJk;> cly; vhpfhaj;Jld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJk; mjidf; Fspg;ghl;LtJ Nghd;w
[dh]hTf;fhd flikfis epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lkh?
gjpy;: clypd; xU gFjp vQ;rp ,Ug;gpDk; mjidf;Fspg;ghl;l Ntz;Lk;> fgdplTk;
njhOtpf;fTk; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,khk;fshd \hgp<> m`;kj;> ,g;D `];k;
Nghd;Nwhhpd; fUj;jhFk;. xU K];ypkhd ikapj;jpd; if>fhy; Nghd;w XH
cWg;G khj;jpuNk fhzg;gbDk;> mjidf; fOtpNa mlf;fk; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gJ
mwpQHfs; gyhpd; jPHg;ghFk;. [ky; Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ ,we;j xU kdpjhpd;
ifnahd;iw xU gwit J}f;fpr; nrd;W kf;fhtpy; vwpe;jJ. mjpypUe;j Nkhjpuj;ijf;
nfhz;L Fwpj;j egiu ,dq;fz;L> mjidf; fOtp> njhOtpj;J mlf;fk; nra;jdh;. ,J gy ]
`hghf;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; ,lk; ngw;wJ. ,r;rk;gtj;ijj; jhd; Nfs;tpg;gl;ljhf ,khk;
\hgp< mwptpf;fpd;whh;.
mG+ ma;A+g; (uyp) mth;fs; xU fhYf;Fk;> ckh; (uyp) mth;fs; XH
vYk;Gf;Fk; njhOif elj;jpAs;shh;fs; vdj; njhpa tUfpd;wJ. (Mjhuk;-m`;kj;)
clypd; miug;ghfj;Jf;F Nky; vQ;rp ,Ue;jhNyNa mjidf; Fspg;ghl;lTk;>
mjw;fhfj; njhOif elhj;jTk; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,khk;fshd mG+`dPgh> khypf;
MfpNahhpdJ mgpg;gpuhakhFk;.
ePH nfhz;L fOTtjdhy; cly; rpijAk; vd;wpUg;gpd; jakKk; nra;tpf;fyhk; vd;W
fUJk; mwpQHfSk; cs;sdh;.

[dh]hitf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; NghJ \`hjh nrhy;Yjy;

Nfs;tp: vq;fShpy; ,uz;L tifahf [dh]hitf; nfhz;L nry;fpd;wdh;. rpyh;
fypkhitr; rj;jkpl;Lf; $wpathW nfhz;L nry;fpd;wdh;. ,d;Dk; rpyh; nksdkhff;
nfhz;L nry;fpd;wdh;. ,t;tpU mikg;gpYk; vJ rhpahdJ vd;gJ gw;wp tpsf;fk;
jhUq;fs;.
gjpy;: [dh]hit mlf;fk; nra;tjw;fhff; nfhz;L nry;Yk; Ntisapy; nksdkhfr;
nry;tNj ]{d;dj;jhFk;. ehd;F kj;`g;fspdJk; rl;lq;fisf; $Wfpd;w 'my;gpf;`{ myy; kjh`pgpy; mh;gM" vDk; E}Yk; ,f;fUj;ijNa $Wfpd;wJ. ,jw;F
khwhf> rj;jkhf jpf;U nra;tNjh> FHMd; Nghd;wtw;iw XJtNjh $lhJ. mJ
kf;&`hFk;. ]<Jg;Dy; Ki]apg;> ]<Jg;D [{igh;> my;`]d;> me;ef<> m`;kj;>
,];`hf; Nghd;w gy jhgp<d;fSk; ,f;fUj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;sdh;. \hgp< kj;`gpd;
Kf;fpa ,khkhff; fUjg;gLk; ettpAk; jdJ 'my;-mj;fhh;" vDk; E}ypy; [dh]hitr;
Rke;J nry;Yk; Ntisapy; rj;jkhf jpf;U nra;tNjh> XJtNjh $lhJ vd;Wk;>
nksdkhfr; nry;tNj rhpahdJk;> ]ygpf;fspd; topKiwAkhFk; vd;Wk;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

44

[dh]hitf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; NghJ jpf;Ufisf; $wpr; rj;jkpLk; mikg;G

egpath;fspd; fhyj;jpNyh my;yJ ]`hghf;fs;> jhgp<d;fs;> jhgcj; jhgp<d;fs;
fhyj;jpNyh ,Ue;j xd;wy;y vd;W ,khk; K`k;kJ mg;J`{ 'my;-gj;`;" vd;w E}iy
Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;bf; $Wfpd;whh;. ,g;D EIk; Nghd;w gy ,khk;fs; rj;jkpLtij
'kf;&`; j`;hPk;" vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
'neUg;GlNdh rj;jj;JlNdh [dh]hitj; njhlu" Ntz;lhk; vDk; m`;kj;>
mG+jhT+j;> my;ig`fP MfpNahh; jj;jkJ fpue;jq;fspy; gjpT nra;Js;s egp
nkhopAk;>
'my;yh`;
%d;W
re;jh;g;gq;fspy;
nksdkhf
,Ug;gij
tpUk;Gfpwhd;;. FHMd; XJk; NghJk;> Aj;jk; eilngWk; NghJk;> [dh]hitf;
nfhz;L nry;Yk; NghJk; nksdk; rhjpg;gNj mk;%d;W re;jh;g;gq;fSkhFk;"
vDk; jguhdp gjpT nra;Js;s egp nkhopAk; Nkw;Fwpj;j KbTf;F Mjhuq;fshff;
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
k/%k;fs; njhOifapy; ghjp`h ]{uhit XJjy;
Nfs;tp: Iq;fhyj;njhOifapy; ,khk; /ghjp`h ]{uhit XJk;NghJ mjid k/%k;fs;
nrtpkLj;jhy; NghJkhdjy;yth? mjid mth;fs; gpd;dh; Xj Ntz;ba Njit
,y;iyay;yth?
gjpy;: ]{uj;Jy; /ghjp`h Xjg;glhj njhOif epiwNtwhJ vd;gNj mbg;gilahFk;.
gh;shd> ]{d;dj;jhd vy;yhj; njhOiffspYk; xt;nthU uf;mj;jpYk; /ghjp`hit XJtJ
flikahFk;. Mdhy;> [khmj;jhfj; njhOk;NghJ ,khk; rj;jkhf XJk; njhOiffspy;
(ck;: ,\h) k/%k; /ghjp`hit XjNtz;bajpy;iy. khwhf mth; ,khkpd; XjYf;Fr;
nrtpkLf;f Ntz;Lk;. 'my;FHMd; Xjg;gl;lhy; nksdkhf ,Ue;J mjw;Ff; fhJ
nfhLq;fs;.
my;yh`;
cq;fSf;F
mUs;
Ghpthd;"
vd
my;FHMd;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
,khk; rj;jkhf Xjhj njhOiffisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; (ck;: S`h;) k/%k; /ghjp`hit XJtJ
th[pg; MFk;.
rj;jkhf Xjg;gLk; njhOiffspYk; ,khk; ]{uJy; /ghjp`h Xjp Kbe;j gpd;dh; k/%k;
(KbAkhdtiu) mjid XjNtz;Lk; vd;gJ \hgp< kj;`gpd; fUj;jhFk;.
mfPfh
Nfs;tp: mfPfh nfhLg;gJ ahh; kPJ flikahfpd;wJ? mfPfh nfhLf;f trjpAz;lh
,y;iyah vd;gij vt;thW eph;zapf;fyhk;? jdJ ngw;Nwhh; jdf;fhf mfPfh
nfhLf;ftpy;iynad;gijj; njhpe;J nfhs;Sk; gps;is> jdf;fhfj; jhNd mfPfh nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lkh? jdJ kidtpapd; ngw;Nwhh; mtSf;fhf mfPfh nfhLf;ftpy;iy vd;gijf;
fztd; njhpe;J nfhz;lhy; jdJ kidtpf;fhf mtd; mfPfh nfhLf;f Ntz;Lnkd ,];yhk;
fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpd;wjh?

45

gjpy;: mfPfh nfhLg;gJ ]{d;dh Kmf;fjhNt (gyte;jkhd Rd;dj;Nj) md;wp

th[pg; my;y. Foe;ijapd; je;ij trjpgilj;jtuhf ,Ug;gpDk;> trjpaw;wtuhf
,Ug;gpDk; mth; jdJ Foe;ijf;fhf mfPfh nfhLg;gJ ]{d;dj;jhFk;. jdJ ngw;Nwhh;
jdf;fhf mfPfh nfhLf;ftpy;iy vd;gijj; njhpe;J nfhs;Sk; gps;is> jdf;fhfj;jhNd
mfPfh nfhLf;f Ntz;LnkDk; tplaj;jpy; fUj;J NtWghLz;L. ,khk; ettp jdJ
'nwssj;Jj; jhypgPd;" vDk; E}ypy; ,t;tplak; gps;isapd; njhpTf;F
tplg;gl;lnthd;whFk;
vd;Wk;>
mtd;
tpUk;gpagb
nfhLf;fNth>
nfhLf;fhkypUf;fNth KbAnkd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. mjh/> `]Dy; g]hp Mfpa
jhgp<d;fs; nfhLg;gNj rpwe;jJ vdf; fUJfpd;wdh;. ,khk; ,g;D Fjhkh> mfPfh
nfhLg;gJ je;ijapd; nghWg;Ngad;wp gps;isapd; nghWg;gy;y vdf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
mfPfh nfhLf;fg;glhj jdJ kidtpf;fhf mjidf; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba flik fztDf;F ,y;iy.
kpUfq;fspd; kyryk;
Nfs;tp: khL Nghd;w jhtu gl;rpdpfspd; kyk; e[P]hdjh? jaTnra;J njspthd
tpsf;fj;ij vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwd;.
gjpy;: vk;kpUfq;fspd; khkprj;ij cz;gjw;F \hPmj;jpy; mDkjp ,y;iyNah>
mtw;wpd; kyryKk; e[P]hFk;.
cz;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kpUfq;fspd; kyryj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy; mit
e[P]hit my;y vd;gNj ,khk;fshd khypf;> m`;kj; Nghd;NwhhpdJk; rpy
\hgpahf;fspdJk; mgpg;gpuhakhFk;. ',tw;wpd; kyryk; e[P]hdit vd ]
`hghf;fspy; vtUk; fUj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. cz;ikapy;> ,it e[P]hdit vdf;
$Wk; fUj;J E}jdkhd xd;whFk;. ,jw;Fr; rhh;g;ghf ve;j xU egpj;NjhoUk;
,Ue;jjpy;iy" vd;fpwhh; ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah (u`;).
md]; (uyp) fPo;tUkhW mwptpf;fpwhh; 'xU jlit cfy;> my;yJ ciwdh vDk;
Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rpyh; kjPdhTf;F te;j Ntisapy; xUtif tapw;W typapdhy;
gPbf;fg;gl;ldh;.
mjw;F
egpath;fs;
xl;lfjjpd;
ghiyAk;
ryj;ijAk;
ngw;Wg;gUFkhW mk;kf;fisg; gzpj;jhh;fs;." (Mjhuk;: m`;kj;> Gfhhp>
K];ypk;)
,e;egpnkhopapy; ,Ue;J xl;lfj;jpd; rpWePH Rj;jkhdJ vd;gjid tpsq;f KbfpwJ.
,jid mbg;gilahf itj;J> mWj;J cz;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kpUfq;fspdJ
rpWePH Nghd;witAk; Rj;jkhditahFk; vDk; fUj;ijf; fpah]pd; mbg;gilapy;
ngw KbfpwJ.
',J Fwpj;j mk;kdpjh;fSf;F khj;jpuk; gpuj;jpNafkhff; $wg;gl;l xU rllkhFk;
vdf; $Wk; thjk; Vw;Gilajy;y> Vnddpy;> chpa Mjhuk; ,d;wp vJTk;
gpuj;jpNafkhd Fwpg;ghd rl;lq;fshtjpy;iy" vdf;$Wk; ,khk; ,g;Dy; Kd;jph;>
njhlh;e;J fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;: 'vj;jifa Ml;NrgidAk; ,d;wp re;ijfspy;
Ml;bd; kyj;ij tpw;gid nra;tjw;F mwpQHfs; mDkjp mspj;J te;Js;sikAk;
46

xl;lfj;jpd; fopTg;nghUl;fis kf;fs; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; jkJ kUe;J tifapy; Nrh;j;Jg;

ghtpj;J tUfpd;wikAk; mit Rj;jkhdit vd;gjidNa fhl;LfpwJ" vd;fpwhh;.
,t;tplak; gw;wp ,khk; \t;fhdp $Wk; fUj;ij ,Wjpahff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;:
mbg;giliaf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> czthf cl;nfhs;s mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s midj;J
kpUfq;fspdJk; fopTfs; mjhtJ kyryk; Rj;jkhdJ vd;gNj tYthd fUj;jhff;
nfhs;sg;gl KbAk;.
my;FHMid Xjp $yp thq;Fjy;
Nfs;tp: my;FHMid Xjp mjw;Ff; $yp thq;f mDkjp cz;lh? G+uz tpsf;fk; Njit.
gjpy;: '$ypf;Ff; FHMid XJtjdhy; ,we;jtUf;Nfh my;yJ XJgtUf;Nfh vj;jifa
ed;ikAk; fpl;l KbahJ" vd;fpwhh;fs; `dgp kj;`Gila ,khk;fs;. ,jid k`;%j; ,g;D
m`;kj; (u`;) jdJ '\h;`{j; jpuhah" tpy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
,J gw;wpf; $w te;j ,khk; my;-ma;dp (u`;)> '$yp vLg;gtUk; nfhLg;gtUk;
,UtUNk ghtpfs; vd;Wk; ,d;W vk;kj;jpapy; gutyhf cs;s> my;FHMidf; $ypf;F
XJk; KiwahdJ MFkhd xd;wy;y vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;." (ghh;f;f:
gpjhah \h;`{y; `pjhah)
',t;tikg;G ,];yhj;jpd; ve;jnthU kj;`gpYk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljpy;iy. ve;jnthU ,iw
khh;f;fj;jpYk; (ck;: jt;whj;> ,d;[Py;) mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJky;y> ,jdhy; vj;jifa ]
thGk; fpilf;fhJ" vd;fpwhh; ,khk; K`k;kj; my; guftp (ghh;f;f: k[;%mJ
u]h,y;-,g;D MgpjPd;)
my;FHMd; Xj vtiuAk; $ypf;F mkh;j;jp> Xjpaij ,we;jth;f;Fr; Nrh;g;gpg;gJ
nry;YgbahfhJ. ,jw;F ve;jnthU ,khKk; mDkjp nfhLj;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy.
cykhf;fspd; fUj;Jahnjdpy;> 'xUth; gzj;jpw;fhf my;FHMid Xjpdhy; mtUf;F
vJtpj ed;ikAk; fpilf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. ,g;gbapUf;f ,we;jtUf;F ,th; vjidf;
nfhLf;fg; Nghfpwhh;! cz;ikapy; kuzpj;jtiu miltnjy;yhk; ew;fUkq;fNs MFk;.
my;FHMid Xjf; $ypf;F Mis mkh;j;;;Jtijapl;L ve;jnthU ,khKk; $wpajpy;iy"
vd;fpwhh; ,g;D ijkpah (ghh;f;f: k[;KmJ u]h,y;-,g;D MgpjPd;)
Fwpj;j mikg;G `uhkhdJ vd;gjw;F mwpQHfs; fPo;tUk; my;FHMd; trdj;ij
Mjhukhff; fhl;Lth;.
'vdJ trdq;fisr; nrhw;g tpiyf;F tpw;W tplhjPHfs;" (241) ,t;trdj;jpw;F mGy;
Mypah (u`;) mth;fs; 'my;FHMDf;F $yp vLf;fhjPHfs;" vdg; nghUs;
nfhLf;;fpwhh;fs;. (ghh;f;f jg;]PH mj;jghP> ,g;D fjPH> my;FHJgp )
,Wjpahf ,Jgw;wp '\h;`{ mfPjj;jpj; j`htpa;ah" vDk; E}ypy; ,lk;nw;Ws;s
fUj;ij fPNo jUfpd;Nwhk;.

47

'rpyiuf; $ypf;fkh;j;jp my;FHMid Xj itj;J> mjid ,we;jtUf;F md;gspg;Gr;

nra;Ak; mikg;ig ]yG];]hyp`Pd;fs; vtUk; nra;jjpy;iy> ,khk;fs; vtUk; ,jid
VtpajhfTk; ,y;iy. ,J tplaj;jpy; mth;fspy; vtUk; rYif toq;fpajhfTk;
njhpatpy;iy. my;FHMid XJtjw;fhfNt $ypf;F mkh;j;JtJ $lhj xd;whFk;"
vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghby;iy.

nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy;> r%f cwTfs;

njhlHghdit
48

1. MAl; fhg;GWjp
2. ngz;fs; ntspehL nrd;W cioj;jy;
3. tl;bf;F fld; thq;FjYk; nfhLj;jYk;
4. gJf;fy;
5. Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fhd tl;b
6. thliff; nfhLg;gdT gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; jPh;g;G
7. fhgph;fSldhd K];ypk;fspd; tpthfj; njhlh;G
8. nu[p\;Nu\Dk; epfh`{k;
9. k`Uk; rPjdKk;
10.
k`;ukpfspd; tpguk;
11.
FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghLk; fUr;rpijTk;
12.
jyhf;
13.
nry;Ygbaw;w t]Pa;aj;

MAl; fhg;GWjp
Nfs;tp: MAl; fhg;GWjp nra;tJ ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh?
gjpy;: MAl; fhg;GWjp cl;gl midj;J tifahd etPd fhg;GWjp mikg;GfSk;
`uhkhdjhFk;. `p[;hp 1398k; Mz;L \/ghd; khjk; 14k; jpfjp $ba 'k[;yp]{y;
k[;k,y; gpf;`pa;apy; ,];yhkp" vDk; rh;tNjr ,];yhkpa rl;l kd;wNk Nkw;gb
jPHg;ig toq;fpAs;sJ. ePz;l Ma;Tf;Fk; fye;JiuahlYf;Fk; gpd;Ng ,k;KbT
vLf;fg;gl;lJ. #Jf;Fhpa gz;Gfs;> tl;b> gpwh; nry;tj;ij vj;jifa gpujpaPLk;
,d;wpg; ngWk; epiy Mfpait fhg;GWjpNahL njhlh;Ggl;Ls;sd. mj;NjhL
nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspy; fhzg;glf; $lhj kaf;fkhd> njsptw;w jd;ikfs; fhg;GWjp
xg;ge;jq;fSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wikahy;> midj;Jtifahd fhg;GWjpfSk;
`uhkhFk;.
ngz;fs; ntspehL nrd;W cioj;jy;
Nfs;tp: ,d;W ek; ,];yhkpag; ngz;kzpfs; ciog;gjw;nfd;W ntspehL
nry;fpd;whh;fs;. ngz;fs; ciog;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh? mj;Jld;
jdpikapy; mth;fs; ciog;gjw;fhf ntspehL nry;yyhkh? tpsf;fk; Njit.
gjpy;: nghJthf ngz;fs; njhopy; nra;tij ,];yhk; tuNtw;gjpy;iy. xU ngz;izg;
guhkhpf;Fk; nghWg;G mtdpd; je;ij>fztd;> rNfhjud; Nghd;NwhUf;Nf
chpaJ vd ,];yhk; $WfpwJ. ngz; mtsJ jd;ikf;Fk; ,ay;gpw;FNkw;whw; Nghy;
FLk;g tho;f;ifapYk; jha;ikf;Fhpa tptfhuq;fspYk; <Lgl Ntz;LnkdTk; mJ
vjph;ghh;f;fpwJ.

49

MapDk; ,];yhk; ngz;fs; njhopy; Ghptijj;jLg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy;> mth;fsJ

njhopYk;
ciog;Gk;
,];yhk;
ngz;fSf;nfd
tFj;Js;s
mbg;gilfSf;Fk;>
gz;ghLfSf;Fk; Kuzpy;yhj tifapy; mikjy; Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; fz;bg;ghfTs;sJ.
,t;tifapy; xU ngz; GhpAk; njhopy; mts; jd; tPl;by; xU jha; vd;w tifapYs;s
nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fk;> tPl;L tptfhuq;fisf; ftdpg;gjw;Fk; jilahf
mikjy; $lhJ.
njhopy; GhpAkplj;jpy; gpw Mz;fSld; fye;jpUg;gJk; jdJ clypy; kiwf;fg;gl
Ntz;ba gFjpfis ntspf;fhl;bf; nfhz;bUg;gJk; $lhJ.
Xhplj;jpy; XH MZlNdh my;yJ gy Mz;fSlNdh jdpj;jpUj;jy; $lhJ.
jdJ ghJfhg;Gf;F cj;juthjkpy;yhj NghJ xU k`;ukhd (jpUkzk; nra;tjw;F
`uhkhd) JizAldd;wp gpuahzj;jpyPLgLtJk;> gpw ,lq;fspy; Ngha; jq;FtJk;
$lhJ.
ngz;fs; ciog;gjw;F khh;f;fj;jpy; mDkjp cz;L. Mdhy; jw;fhyj;jpy; mth;fs;
ntspehL nrd;W njhopy; nra;tjhdJ `uhkhdnjd;Nw jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
tl;bf;F fld; thq;FjYk; nfhLj;jYk;
Nfs;tp: tl;bf;F fld; thq;Fgth; kPJ Fw;wkh? my;yJ tl;bf;Ff; fld;nfhLg;gth; kPJ
Fw;wkh? tpsf;fk; juTk;.
gjpy;: ,UtUk; Fw;wthspfs; vd;gJNt \hPmj;jpd; fUj;jhFk;. tl;bf;Ff; fld;
nfhLj;jth; khj;jpuk; Fw;wthspahf KbahJ. khwhf> fld; ngw;W tl;bf;F
nfhLg;gtUk; ghtpahff; nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy;> mtUk; ghtj;jpw;F
cle;ijahf ,Uf;fpwhh;. Vd;? fld; ngw;W tl;b nrYj;Jgth; khj;jpukd;wp> tl;b
njhlh;ghd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;F vOj;J Ntiy ghh;g;NghUk;> rhl;rpfshf
,Ug;NghUk; $lf; Fw;wthspfNs.
'tl;b cz;gtiuAk; cz;zf; nfhLg;gtiuAk; mjw;Fr; rhl;rpahf ,Ug;NghiuAk; mjid
vOJgtiuAk; my;yh`; rgpf;fpwhd;" (Mjhuk;: m`;kj;> mG+jhT+j;>
jph;kpjp)
MapDk; tl;bf;Ff; fld;ngw Ntz;ba eph;g;ge;jk; xUtUf;F ,Ug;gpd;
,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; tl;b ngWgtNu Fw;wthspahthh;. Mdhy; ,e;epiyf;Fg; gy
epge;jidfs; cz;L. mit fPo;tUkhW:
1. cz;ikahd Njitahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Mlk;guj; Njit xd;Wf;fhfNth>
mbg;gilj; Njit xd;iw NkYk; trjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhfNth ngwg;gl;l
fldhf ,Uj;jy; $lhJ. mjhtJ Fwpj;j Njit epiwNtwhj NghJ Mgj;Jk; mopTk;
Vw;gLk; epiy ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F czT> cil Neha;f;fhd
rpfpr;ir Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

50

2. rhpahf Njitapd; msTf;Nf ,r;rYifiag; gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf

900 &gha; Njitahf ,Ug;gpd; 1000 &ghia (tl;bf;F) fldhfg; ngWtJ $lhJ.
kWgf;fj;jpy; jdJ ,g;nghUshjhu neUf;fbapypUe;J ntspNaw KOKaw;rp
nra;J ghh;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mLj;j K];ypk; rNfhjuh;fs; (tl;bapd;wp) ,tUf;F
(f;fld;) cjtp toq;ff; flikg;gl;Ls;sdh;. NtW vj;jifa topAk; ,y;iynadf;
fhZk; NghNj tl;bf;Ff; fld; ngwj; Jzpa Ntz;Lk;. mjpYk; tuk;G kPwhJ
vy;iyiaf;
flf;fhJ
ele;J
nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.
my;yh`;
kpfTk;
kd;dpg;gtdhfTk; mUSk; md;Gk; nfhz;ltdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.
gJf;fy;
Nfs;tp: gJf;fy; gw;wp ,];yhk; $WtJ vd;d? ,jpy; gpujhd czTg; nghUl;fs;
khj;jpuk; mlq;Fkh my;yJ cg czTg;gaph;fshd Nfhg;gp> kpsF> Gsp
Nghd;witfSk; mlq;Fkh? tpsf;fk; Njit.
gjpy;: tpiyNaw;wk; fUjpg; gz;lq;fisg;gJf;FtJ `uhkhdjhFk;. NguhirAk;>
gpwh; eyd; Ngzhj;jd;ikANk xUtid ,j;jPar;nraiyr; nra;aj; J}z;Lfpd;wd.
gJf;fypdhy; kf;fSf;F vj;jifa mnrsfhpaq;fs; Vw;gLk; vd;gJ njspthdNj. ,tw;iwf;
fUj;jpw;nfhz;Nl ,];yhk; gJf;fiyj; jil nra;Js;sJ. gJf;fiyf; fz;bf;Fk; rpy egp
nkhopfisf; fPNo Nehf;FNthk;.
'gJf;fpatd; ghtp." (mG+jhT+j;> K];ypk;)
'czTg; nghUis ehw;gJ ehl;fSf;Fg; gJf;fpatd; my;yh`;it tpl;Lk; ePq;fpf;
nfhs;fpwhd;. my;yh`;Tk; mtid tpl;L ePq;fpf; nfhs;fpwhd;." (m`;kj;>
my;`hfpk;)
'kpff; nfl;l mbahd; gJf;fw;fhuNd. tpiyapwf;fj;ijf; Nfl;L mtDf;Ff; ftiyiaf;
nfhLf;fpwJ. tpiyNaw;wj;ijf; Nfs;tpAw;whNyh kfpo;r;rpAWfpwhd;." (w]Pd;)
midj;J tifahd gJf;fy;fSk; `uhkhditay;y. gJf;fy; `uhkhdjhff; nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F
mwpQHfs; %d;W epge;jidfisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. mitahtd:
1. gJf;fpa nghUs; gJf;fpatdpdJk; mtdJ guhkhpg;gpypUg;NghhpdJk;
xUtUlj;Njitf;Fk; NghJkhd msit tplTk; mjpfkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Vnddpy;> xUtUf;F xUtUlj;Jf;Fj; jdf;Fk; jdJ FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; Njitahd
nghUisr; Nrkpj;J itf;f mDkjpAz;L.
2. Fwpj;j nghUspd;ghy; kf;fSf;Fs;s fLe;Njitiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> $ba
tpiyapy; tpw;f Ntz;Lnkd;w Nehf;fpy;> nghUspd; tpiyNaw;wj;ij
vjph;ghh;j;Jg; gJf;fp ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
3. gJf;fg;gl;l nghUspd; ghy; kf;fSf;Fj; NjitAs;s Ntisapy;> gJf;fp ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. khwhf gy tpahghhpfsplk; Fwpj;j nghUs; ,Ue;J> kf;fSf;F
mjd; ghy; Njitapy;yhjNghJ mjidj; Njf;fp itg;gJk;> Nrkpj;J itg;gJk; jil
nra;ag;gl;l gJf;fy; my;y. Vnddpy;. ,jdhy; kdpjUf;F vj;jifa ghjpg;Gk;
Vw;gLtjpy;iy.
51

vj;jifa nghUl;fisg; gJf;FtJ $lhJ vd;gjpy; ,khk;fs; kj;jpapy; fUj;J NtWghL

epyTfpwJ.
rpy mwpQHfspd; fUj;Jg;gb xUth; jdJ nrhe;jj; jhdpaq;fisNah cw;gj;jpfisNah
Njf;fp itg;gJ gpioahdjy;y. ,khk;fshd \hgp<> m`;kj; Mfpa ,UthpdJk;
mgpg;gpuhag;gb mbg;gilahd mj;jpahtrpa czTg; gz;lq;fspy; khj;jpuNk
gJf;fy; `uhkhdjhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
NkYk; gy mwpQHfs; midj;Jg; gz;lq;fspYk; (NkNy fz;l
fhzg;gLkplj;J) gJf;fy; nra;tJ `uhkhdjhFk; vdf; $Wfpd;wdh;.

epge;jidfs;

Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fhd tl;b

Nfs;tp: eilKiwapy; cs;s> tl;bia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,aq;Fk; tq;fpfspy;
Nrkpg;GfSf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; tl;bg;gzj;jpw;Fhpa jPHg;G vd;d? mtw;iw
ew;fUkq;fSf;fhfr; nryT nra;a KbAkh? ew;fUkq;fs; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgit
vit? tpsf;fk; Njit?
gjpy;: tq;fpfs; jkJ thbf;ifahshpd; itg;GfSf;F toq;Fk; tl;bAk; ,];yhk;
`uhkhf;fpAs;s tl;biar; rhh;e;jjhFk;. vdNt> mt;tl;bj; njhif ahUf;F
toq;fg;gLfpd;wNjh> mtUf;F mJ `yhyhfhJ. mjid mth; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ.
mJ mtUf;Fhpajy;y. mNj Neuj;jpy; mj;njhif tq;fpf;FhpaJky;y.
vdNt> ,j;jifa tl;bg;gzj;ij jh;kk; nra;J tpLtNj rhpahdJ. rpy mwpQHfs;
,g;gzj;ij jh;kk; nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;Jld; $lg; ngwf;$lhJ vd;Wk;> mjid mg;gbNa
tq;fpapNyNa tpl;L tpl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ> vLj;J vwpe;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;
$Wfpd;wdh;.
Mdhy;> ,f;fUj;J (NgZjypd; mbg;gilapy; gpwe;j xd;whf ,Ug;gpDk;) Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sj;jf;fjy;y. ,f;fUj;J ,];yhj;jpd; rpy mbg;gilfSld; NkhJtjhf cs;sJ. nry;tj;ij
vtUk; gad;gLj;jhJ tPzhf;FtJ ,];yhj;jpy; jil nra;ag;gl;l xd;whFk;.
MfNt> tl;bg;gzk; cs;sth;> mJ mtUf;F nrhe;jkw;wJ vd;w tifapy;> mjid Vio
vspath;fSf;Nfh my;yJ xU ew;gzpf;Nfh jh;kk; nra;J tpl Ntz;Lk;.
K];ypk;fspdJk; ,];yhj;jpdJk; vj;jifa xU eyDf;fhfTk; mjidr; nryT nra;a KbAk;
vd;gNj A+]{g; my;fh;shtp Nghd;w etPd mwpQHfspdJk; 'k[;kcy;
gpf;`pa;apy; ,];yhkp" Nghd;w ,];yhkpa rl;l mikg;Gf;fspdJk; fUj;jhFk;.
tl;bg;gzk; mjidg; ngw;wtUf;Nfh my;yJ tq;fpf;Nfh nrhe;jkhdjy;y vd;w
fhuzj;jpdhy;>
mJ
nghJg;gzkhff;
nfhs;sg;gLk;.
`uhkhd
vy;yhr;
nry;tq;fSf;Fk; ,JNt rl;lkhFk;.
xUth; jdJ itg;Gf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; tl;bg;gzj;ij `uhk; vd;w tifapy; ngwhJ>
tq;fpapy;
tpl;L
itg;gJ
tq;fp
gykilaNth
my;yJ
mJ
mg;gzj;ij ,];yhj;jpw;nfjpuhd eltbf;iffSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jNth ,lk; Vw;gLfpwJ.

52

thliff; nfhLg;gdT gw;wpa jPHg;G

Nfs;tp: jw;NghJ eilKiwapYs;s tpahghu Kiwfspy; thliff;nfhs;tdTk; xd;whFk;.
,k;Kiwg;gb gzk; jtizabg;gilapy; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. gzk; KOtijAk; nrYj;jp
Kbf;Fk; NghJ nghUis thq;Fk; jpdj;jpypUe;j tpiyia tpl xU njhif NkyjpfkhfNt
mwtplg;gLfpwJ. ,k;Nkyjpfj; njhif tl;bahFkh? Fwpj;j thliff;nfhs;tdT Kiw
\hPmj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljh?
gjpy;: ePq;fs; Fwpg;gpLk; thliff; nfhs;tdT Kiwiar; rpy mwpQHfs; tl;bnadf;
fUjp> `uhkhd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; gl;baypy; mlf;Ffpd;wdh;. MapDk;>
ngUk;ghyhd ,];yhkpa mwpQHfs; ,jid mDkjpj;Js;sdh;. ,t;tikg;ig `uhnkdf;
$Wk; ve;jr; rl;l trdKk; ,y;yhjpUg;gjdhYk;> ,J vy;yh tifapYk; tl;bia
xj;jpuhjjhYk; ,t;tpahghu Kiwia mDkjpf;fyhk; vd ,th;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;.
\hgpa;ahf;fs;> `dgpa;ahf;fs; cl;gl ngUk;ghyhd mwpQHfs; ,f;fUj;ij
Mjhpg;gjhf ,khk; m\;n\sf;fhdp Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. MapDk; xU ngUis cld;
gzj;jpw;F thq;Fk;NghJ mjw;Fhpa tpiyf;Fk; jtizf; fl;lzj;jpdbg;gilapy; thq;Fk;
NghJ mjw;Ff; Fwpf;fg;gLk; tpiyf;Fkpilapy; kpj kpQ;rpa> epahakw;w
tpj;jpahrk; ,Uj;jy; $lhJ vd;gjidf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
fhgph;fSldhd K];ypk;fspd; tpthfj; njhlh;G
Nfs;tp: gpwr%fj;jtUldhd K];ypk;fspd; tpthfj; njhlh;G gw;wpa xU njspTiuia
ehd; vjph;ghh;f;fpNwd;.
gjpy;: gpwkjj;jth;fs; vDk; tl;lj;jpy; ,iwtDf;F ,izitj;J tzq;Fk; rpiy tzq;fpfs;>
tpf;fpuf Muhjidf;fhuh;fs;> Ntjj;ij cilath;fs; vd miof;fg;gLk; A+j>
fpwp];jth;fs;> ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNawpa 'Kh;jj;"fs; cl;gl eh];jpfh;fs;>
kjek;gpf;ifaw;w fk;A+dp] thjpfs; Nghd;NwhUk; mlq;Fth;.
xU K];ypk; ngz; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l vg;gphpitr; Nrh;e;j MizAk; kzKbg;gJ
`uhkhFk;. ,J ,khk;fspdJk; ,];yhkpa mwpQHfspdJk; ',[;kh/" vd toq;fg;gLk;
VNfhgpj;j KbthFk;. fPo;tUk; my;FHMd; trdk; ,k;KbTf;F Mjhukhff;
nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
'<khd; nfhz;Nlhh;fNs! K/kpdhd ngz;fs; `p[;uj; nra;J cq;fsplk; te;jhy;>
mth;fis ePq;fs; ghpNrhjpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. my;yh`; mth;fsJ <khid
ed;fwpe;jtd;. vdNt mth;fs; K/kpdhd ngz;fs; vd ePq;fs; mwpe;jhy;
fhgph;fsplk; mth;fisj; jpUg;gpaDg;gp tplhjPHfs; Vnddpy; (<khd;
nfhz;Ls;s) ,g;ngz;fs; mth;fSf;F kidtpauhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;lth;fsy;yh;. mth;fs;
,th;fSf;F (fzth;fshf) mDkjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSky;yh;." (60:10) NkYk; fPo; tUk;
trdKk; ,f;fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ: 'mt;thNw ,izitf;Fk; Mz;fSf;F
mth;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sk; tiu (K/kpdhd ngz;fSld;) ePq;fs; jpUkzk; nra;J
itf;fhjPHfs;." (2:221)

53

K];ypk; Mz;fisg; nghWj;j tiuapy; mth;fSf;Fk; K\;hpf;fhd ngz;fisj; jpUkzk;

nra;tJ `whkhFk;. 'my;yh`;Tf;F ,iz itf;Fk; ngz;fis mth;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sk;
tiu ePq;fs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;shjPHfs;" (2:221) mt;thNw xU K];ypk; Mz;>
xU eh];jpfg; ngz;izNah> kj ek;gpf;ifaw;w fk;A+dp]k; Nghd;w nfhs;iffis
Vw;Ws;s ngz;izNah kzKbg;gJ `uhkhFk;.
MapDk;> K];ypk; Mz;fSf;F Ntjj;ij cilath;fshd A+j fpwp];jtg; ngz;fis kzk;
nra;tJ mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fPo;tUk; my;FHMd; trdk; ,jw;F Mjhukhf cs;sJ.
'K/kpd;fshd
fw;Gila
ngz;fisAk;>
cq;fSf;F
Kd;dh;
Ntjk;
mspf;fg;gl;lth;fspYs;s
fw;Gila
ngz;fisAk;
tpiyg;ngz;fshfNth>
Mir
ehafpfshfNth itj;Jf;nfhs;shJ> mth;fSf;Fhpa k`iu mth;fSf;F mspj;J
kzKbj;Jf;nfhs;tJ cq;fSf;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ." (5.5)
'Muk;g fhyj;jth;fspy; A+j> fpwp];jtg; ngz;fis kzk; nra;tij `whk; vd;W
vtUk; $wpaikf;F jf;f Mjhuk; vJTk; fpilahJ" vd ,khk; ,g;Dy; Kd;jph;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wwhh;.
,g;D ckh; (wyp) mth;fs; ,t;thW jpUkzk; Kbg;gij `whk; vdf; fz;bg;ghf
$wpapUf;fpwhh;fs;. MapDk; gy ]`hghf;fSk; gy jhgp<d;fSk; `whkhf
khl;lhJ vd;w fUj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;sdh;. c];khd; (wop)> jy;`h (wyp)> ,g;D
mg;gh]; (wop)> [hgph; (wop)> `{ijgh (wop) Nghd;Nwhh; ,f;fUj;Jf;F
Mjuthdth;fshth;. jhgpaPd;fspy; ]<j; ,g;Dy; Ki]apg; (w`;)> ]<j; ,g;D [{igh;
(w`;)> my;`]d; (w`;)>K[h`pj; (w`;)> jhT+]; (w`;)> ,f;hpkh (w`;)>
m\;\/gP (w`;)> mo;o`;`hf; (w`;) Nghd;Nwhh; ,f;fUj;Jf;F Mjhuthdth;fshth;.
,khk; \hgp<Ak; A+j> fpwp];jtg; ngz;fis kz Kbg;gJ MFk; vd;w fUj;ijNa
nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. ,khk; ettp mth;fsJ fUj;Jk; ,JNt.
,g;D ckh; (wop) mth;fs; Ntjj;ij cila A+j> fpwp];j th;fis K\;hpf;Ffs;
vdf;fUjpNa jdJ fUj;ijj; njhptpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. MapDk; my;FHMd; ,t;tpU
gphptpdiuAk; gphpj;Jf; Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gjid mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
'Ntjf;fhuh;fspYk;
K\;hpf;FfspYk;
vth;fs;
mth;fs;> jq;fsplk; njspthd Mjhuk; tUk;
tpyFgth;fsy;yh;." (98:1)

epuhfhpf;fpd;whh;fNsh>
tiu (jk; topfspypUe;J)

A+j> fpwp];jtg; ngz;fisj; jpUkzk; Kbg;gij Mjhpf;Fk; mwpQHfSk; mjid

kf;W}`; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. mjpYk; 'jhUy;Fg;h;" vd miof;fg;gLk;
fhgph;fspd; ehl;by; thOk; ,j;jifa ngz;izj; jpUkzk; Kbg;gij> fLikahd kf;&`;
vd;W rpyUk;> `whk; vd NtW rpyUk; fUJfpd;wdh;. ,g;D mg;gh]; (wop)
`whk; vd;w fUj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;shh;. jdJ fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhf fPo;tUk; my;FHMd;
trdj;ijf; fhl;bAs;shh;:
'Ntjk; mUsg; ngw;wth;fspy; vth;fs; my;yh`;tpd; kPJk; ,Wjp ehspd; kPJk;
<khd; nfhs;shkYk;> my;yh`;Tk; mtdJ J}jUk; `whk;khf;fpatw;iw `whk;
54

vdf; fUjhkYk;> cz;ik khh;f;fj;ij xg;Gf;nfhs;shkYk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fNsh mth;fs;

(jk;) iffshy; fPo;gbjYld; '[p];ah" fl;Lk; tiuapy; mth;fSld; Nghh; GhpAq;fs;"
(9:20)> ,f;fUj;ij ,khk; ,g;wh`Pk; me;ef<Ak; Mjhpf;fpd;whh; vd my;FHJgp
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fs; midj;ijAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L FHMdpdJk; `jP]pdJk; ntspr;rj;jpy;>
xU A+j my;yJ fpwp];jtg; ngz;iz kzKbf;f tpUk;Gk; xU K];ypk; Mz; fUj;jpw;
nfhs;s Ntz;ba mk;rq;fisAk; epge;jidfisAk; fyhepjp A+]{g; my;fh;shtp
fPo;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpd;whh;:
1. ,];yhk;> Ntjj;ij cilath;fspd; ngz;fis khj;jpuNk jpUkzk; Kbf;f
mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ> mbg;gilapy; XU Ntjj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s ngz;izj;
jpUkzk; Kbf;f mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. xU jPd; ,y;yhj> xU jPid
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj
eh];jpf>
fk;A+dp]
ngz;
Nghd;wth;fisg;
nghWj;jtiuapYk; ,];yhk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj khh;f;fq;fshd g`haprk;>
Ei]hpa;ah Nghd;w nfhs;iffis Vw;w ngz;fisAk; jpUkzk; Kbg;gJ
Kw;whfNt tpyf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,j;jifa ngz; my;yJ mtsJ FLk;gj;jth;fs; mtis
fpwp];jth;fspNyh myyJ A+jh;fspNyh xUtuhff; fUjpdhYk; rhpNa.
2. NkYk; ,];yhk;> fw;Gila Rje;jpukhd> Ntjj;ij cila ngz;iz kzKbg;gijNa
mDkjpf;fpwJ. ve;jnthU MZf;Fk; jd; cliy tpw;Fk; ngz;iz jpUkzk;
nra;a> mJ mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.
3. ve;j r%fk; ,];yhj;Jf;Fk; K];ypk;fSf;Fk; vjpuhdjhf ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mj;jifa
r%fj;ijr;
Nrh;e;j>
Ntjj;ij
cila
ngz;izj;jpUkzk;
nra;tJk;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljy;y. Vnddpy;> jpUkzk; vd;gJ ngz;zpd; FLk;gj;Jld;
nfhs;fpd;w njhlh;ghFk;. mth;fs; kPJ fhl;Lk; md;GkhFk;. mt;thNw
mg;ngz; jdJ khh;f;fj;jpw;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; tpRthrkhf ,Ug;ghs; vd;w
tifapy;> mts; K];ypk;fSf;nfjpuhf jk; kjj;jpdUf;F cjtpahf ,Uf;f khl;lhs;
vd;gjw;F vj;jifa cj;juthKk; fpilahJ. ,t;tifapy; ,d;iwa ,];Nuypag; ngz;iz
kzg;gJ MfhJ.
4. khh;f;fg;gw;Ws;s> jdJ jPdpy; mf;fiwAs;s K];ypk; ngz;kzp> ntWkNd
jdJ ngw;NwhhplkpUe;J ,];yhj;ij thhprhfg; ngw;w ngz;kzpiatplr;
rpwe;jts;. w]{Yy;yh`; (]y;) mjid vkf;Ff; $Wfpd;whh;fs;: 'khh;f;fKs;s
ngz;iz mile;J nfhs;tPuhf> ,d;Nwy; mope;JtpLtPH!" (Mjhuk;Gfhhp)> ,t;tifapy; xU K];ypk; ngz;> vt;tifapYk; ve;j Ntjj;ij cila
ngz;fis tplTk; rpwe;jtNs.
5. NkYk; xU K];ypk; ,j;jifa xU kidtpapdhy; jdJ Foe;ijfspd; mfPjhTf;Ff;
Fe;jfNkh myyJ topfhl;lypy; Fog;gNkh Vw;gLk; vdg;gae;jhy; jdJ
jPidg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s ,t;tghaj;ij jtph;e;J nfhs;s Kay;tJ th[pghFk;.
Fwpg;ghf kidtpapd; #oypy; - mtsJ r%fj;jpy; thOgtUf;F ,d;W ,j;jifa
epiy Vw;gLk;.
6. K];ypk;fs; vz;zpf;ifapw; Fiwthf thOfpd;w xU gpuNrj;jpy; mq;Fs;s
Mz;fs; K];ypk;fsy;yhj ngz;fis kzg;gJ `whkhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj
gykhd fUj;jhFk;. K];ypk; ngz;fSf;F K];ypky;yhj vtiuAk; jpUkzk;
Kbg;gJ MfhJ vd;wpUf;Fk; NghJ ,jjifa xU #oypy; K];ypk; Mz;fs;
K];ypky;yhj vtiuAk; jpUkzk; nra;tJ mq;Fs;s K];ypk; ngz;fis my;yJ
mth;fspy; ngUe;njhifapdiu mopf;Fk; nrayhFk;. ,jdhy; K];ypk; r
55

%fj;jpw;Fg; ghhpa mstpy; jPik tpisAk;. ,t;tDkjpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjd;

%yk; ,j;jjPq;ifj; jtph;f;f KbAk;.
Ntjj;ij cila ngz;fisj; jpUkzk; Kbf;f mDkjpj;jikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;:
,j;jpUkzj;jpd; %ykhf Ntjj;ij cilath;fSf;Fk; ,];yhj;Jf;FkpilapYs;s jilfs; ePq;f
,lKz;L. jpUkzj;jpdhy; njhlh;GfSk; gu];gu FLk;g cwTfSk; Vw;gLk;.
,jdhy;> ,];yhj;ijg; gbg;gjw;Fk; mjd; nfhs;iffis> mbg;gilfis tpsq;Ftjw;Fk;
top gpwf;Fk;. ,J mth;fisAk; ,];yhj;jpy; ,izar; nra;tjw;F topahFk;. mth;fs;
XH ,iw Ntjj;ij Vw;Nwhh; vd;w tifapYk; gy nfhs;iffspy; mth;fSf;Fk;
K];ypk;fSf;Fkpilapy; xw;Wik fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;w tifapYk; mth;fs; ,j;jifa XH
cwtpdhy; ,];yhj;ij neUq;Ftjw;Ff; $ba rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; cz;L vd ,];yhk;
fUJtjdhy;jhd; ,j;jifa jpUkzj;ij mDkjpj;Js;sJ.
,Nj Neuj;jpy;> xU K];ypk; ngz; Ntjj;ijAila XH Miz jpUkzk; Kbg;gij ,];yhk;
mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. vg;nghOJk; fztd;> kidtp kPJ Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jgtdhthd;. mtdJ
fl;lisfis Vw;gJ> mtDf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLtJ mtsJ flikahFk;. xU K];ypik xU fhgph;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtij ,];yhk; mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. ,jdhy;jhd; ,];yhk; ,j;jifa jpUkzj;ij
mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. NkYk; fhgpuhd me;jf; fztd; jdJ K];ypk; kidtpapd;
khh;f;fj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;Nghtjpy;iy. khwhf> mjidg; ngha;gLj;Jthd;. ,j;jifa
tphpe;j Kuz;ghNlhL FLk;g tho;f;if elhj;JtJ mrhj;jpakhdjhFk;. ,Nj Neuj;jpy;
xU K];ypk; Mz; xU Ntjj;ij cila ngz;izj;jpUkzk; Kbj;jhy; mtd; mtsJ
khh;f;fj;ijAk; mq;fPfhpg;ghd;. mtsJ Ntjj;ijAk; egpiaAk; tpRthrpg;ghd; jdJ
<khdpd; xU gFjpahf mijf; nfhs;thd;.
nu[p];l;Nu\Dk;> epfh`{k;
Nfs;tp: nu[p];l;Nu\d; nra;ag;gl;l jk;gjpfs; jpUkz itgtj;jpw;F Kd; jpUkz
jk;gjpfs; Nghd;W tho KbAkh? mth;fsJ nu[p];l;Nu\d; jpdj;jd;Nw
nrhy;yg;gl;l '<[hg;> fG+y;" vd;gjw;fhd jPHg;G vd;d?
gjpy;: '<[hg;>fG+y;" epfo;tjw;F Kd;dh; ePq;fs; Fwpg;gpLk; nu[p];l;Nu\id
khj;jpuk; nra;J nfhz;l jk;gjp jpUkzj;jk;gjpfs; Nghd;W gof KbahJ. Mdhy;>
nu[p];l;Nu\Dld; '<[hg;> fG+y;" epfo;e;jpUg;gpd; Fwpj;j jk;gjpfSf;F fztd;>
kidtpahf tho;tjw;Fg; G+uz mDkjpAz;L. ,];yhj;jpy; jpUkzk; vd;gJ <[hg;>
fG+iyNa Fwpf;Fk;. jpUkzk; epiwNtw ePq;fs; $Wk; jpUkz itgtk; eilngw
Ntz;bajpy;iy. mt;thNw Fwpj;j nu[p];l;Nu\d; murhq;fj;jpd; Njitf;fhd xU
gjpNtad;wp mJ ,];yhkpa jpUkzj;Jld; njhlh;ghd xd;wy;y.
xUth; jhd; jpUkzkhftpUf;Fk; ngz;Zld; <[hg;> fG+y; epfo;tjw;F Kd;dh;
jdpikapypUg;gJk; $bg; goFtJk; `uhkhFnkd;gJ Fwpg;gpljf;fJ.

k`Uk; rPjdKk;
56

Nfs;tp: ngz;zplkpUe;J ngUe;njhifg; gzj;ijr; rPjdkhfg; ngw;W xU rpW

njhifia k`uhff; nfhLj;J epfOk; jpUkzk; ,];yhj;jpy; nry;YgbahFkh?
gjpy;: rPjdk; ngWk; tof;fk; gw;wp `p[;up 1404 w[g; khjk; gpiw 12y; $b
Muha;e;j ,];yhkpa rl;lkd;wk; Nkw;gb tof;fk; FHMd;> ]{d;dh> ,[;kh Mfpa
rl;l %yhjhuq;fSf;F KuzhdJk;> fhyhfhykhf ,Ue;J tUk; K];ypk;fspd; topKiwf;F
khwhdJk;> Nkhrkhd xU ghtKk;> gpj;mj;JkhFnkd KbntLj;jJ.
Nkw;gb tof;fj;ij xopg;gjw;fhf cykhf;fSl;gl midtUk; Nghuhl Ntz;LnkdTk;
,k;kd;wk; Ntz;bf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. MapDk;> rPjdk; ngw;W ele;j jpUkzj;ijg;
nghWj;tiuapy;
mJ
\hPmj;jpw;F
Kuzhd
xU
tplaj;Jld;
njhlh;Gw;wpUg;gpDk;> jpUkzk; nry;YgbahdjhfNt nfhs;sg;gLk; vDk;
tpsf;fj;ijAk; kd;wk; nfhLj;Js;sJ.
k`;ukpfspd; tpguk;
Nfs;tp: rpw;wg;gh> rpw;wd;id> nghpag;gh> nghpak;kh MfpNahhpd;
ngz;gps;isfNshL k`;ukpa;aj;jhd njhlh;Gfs; itj;Jf; nfhs;sj; jilAz;lh? mth;fisj;
jpiuapd;wp ghh;g;gJ $lhjh? jpUkzk; nra;a Kbahjh? tpsf;fk; Njit.
gjpy;: xUthpd; nghpak;kh> nghpag;gh> rpw;wg;gh> rpw;wd;id>
MfpNahhpd; gps;isfs; mtUf;F k`;ukpa;aj; Mdth;fs; my;y. vdNt> Fwpj;j
egh;fisj; jpiuapd;wpg; ghh;g;gjw;F mDkjpapy;iy. jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sj;
jilAkpy;iy.
fPo;tUk; FHMd; trdq;fs; k`;ukpfis tiuaWj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; ePq;fs;
Fwpg;gpLNthh; ,lk; ngwhikia mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
'Kd;dh; fle;J Nghd rk;gtq;fisj; jtpu> ePq;fs; cq;fs; je;ijfs; kzk; nra;J nfhz;l
ngz;fspy; vtiuAk; kzk; nra;J nfhs;shjPHfs;. epr;rakhf ,J khdf;NflhdjhfTk;>
ntWf;fj; jf;fjhfTk;> jPa topahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ."
'cq;fs; jha;khh;fSk;> cq;fs; Gjy;tpfSk;> cq;fs; rNfhjupfSk;> cq;fs;
jfg;gdpd; rNfhjhpfSk;> cq;fs; jhapd; rNfhjhpfSk;> cq;fs; rNfhjudpd;
Gjy;tpfSk;> cq;fs; rNfhjhpapd; Gjy;tpfSk;> cq;fSf;Fg; ghY}l;ba cq;fs;
nrtpypj; jha;khh;fSk;> cq;fs; ghy; Fb rNfhjhpfSk;> cq;fs; kidtpfspd;
jha;khh;fSk; (Mfpa ,th;fis ePq;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;tJ cq;fSf;F
tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thNw ePq;fs; tPL $ba kidtpf;F Ke;jpa fztdplj;Jg;
gpwe;J> cq;fsplk; tsh;e;J tUk (kidtpapd;) kfisAk;> (ePq;fs; jpUkzk; nra;tJ
$lhJ) Mdhy;> mtSld; tPL $lhjpUe;jhy; (mtis ePf;fp tpl;L mtSf;F Ke;jpa
fztdplj;Jg; gpwe;j kfisj;jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ) cq;fs; kPJ Fw;wkpy;iy.
cq;fSf;Fg; gpwe;j cq;fs; Gjy;th;fspd; kidtpfisAk; (ePq;fs;jpUkzk;
Kbf;fyhfhJ) ,U rNfhjhpfis (xNu fhyj;jpy; kidtpfshf) xd;W Nrh;j;J itg;gJk;
(tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) ,jw;F Kd;dh; fle;J tpl;litfisj; jtpu epr;rakhf my;yh`;
kd;dpg;NghDk; fpUigAilatDkhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;!" (4:22> 23)
57

FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghLk; fUr;rpijTk;

Nfs;tp: FLk;gf; fl;lg;ghL> fUr;rpijT Nghd;wd gw;wpa ,];yhkpa tiuaiwfis
tpsf;FtPHfsh?
gjpy;: kdpj ,dk; epiyngw Ntz;Lnkd;gJ jpUkz mikg;gpd; mbg;gil
Nehf;fq;fspy; xd;whFk;. ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpd; %yNk kdpj ,dk; epiyf;f
KbAk;. ,];yhk; ,dg;ngUf;fj;ij tpUk;gp cw;rhfg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. MapDk;>
Vw;Gila epahakhd fhuzq;fSf;fhff; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F mDkjp
toq;Ffpd;wJ. egpfshhpd; fhyj;jpy; FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fhpa topKiwahf
mike;jJ 'm];y;"vDk; nraw;ghlhFk;. 'm];y;" vd;gJ Mz; jdJ ,e;jphpaj;ijg;
ngz;zpd; fh;g;gtiwiag; Ngha; mila tplhJ jLj;Jf; nfhs;tijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
egpj;Njhoh;fs; ,k;Kiwiaf; ifahs;Nthuha; ,Ue;Js;sdh;. 'my;FHMd; ,wq;fpf;
nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy; ehq;fs; 'm];y;" nra;Nthuha; ,Ue;Njhk;." vd [hgph;
(uyp) $wpAs;shh;. (Mjhuk; - G`hup> K];ypk;)
'xUNghJ xUth; egpfshhplk; te;J my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! vdf;nfhU ngz;
,Uf;fpwhs;. ehd; mtsplj;jpy; m];y; nra;fpd;Nwd;. mts; fh;g;gKWtij ehd;
tpUk;gtpy;iy. MapDk;> A+jh;fNsh m];y; vd;gJ rpwpa nfhiyahFk;
vd;fpd;wdh;" vd;whh;. ,jidr; nrtpkLj;j egpath;fs; 'A+jh;fs; ngha;
$Wfpd;wdh;. my;yh`; gilf;f ehbdhy; mjid ck;khy; jLf;f KbahJ" (jph;kpjp>
e]hap> ,g;D kh[h) vdf; $wpdhh;fs;. (mjhtJ rpyNtis fztd; m];y;
nra;apDk;> mtd; mwpahjthW xU Jsp ,e;jphpakhtJ jtwp> ngz;zpd;
fh;g;gj;ijaile;J> mts; fh;g;gk; jhpf;f ,lKz;L vd;gjhFk;.) 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;
tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; ehq;fs; m];y; nra;NthuhapUe;Njhk;. ,t;tplak; egpfshUf;F
vl;baNghJ mth;fs; $lhJ vd;W jil nra;atpy;iy" vd [hgph; (uyp) mth;fs; $wpa
NkYk; XH mwptpg;G ]`P`; K];ypkpy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.
NkYk; xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ckh; (uyp) mth;fsJ mitapy; m];y; gw;wpg;
gpu];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ. mq;F tPw;wpUe;j xUth;> 'mJ rpwpa nfhiy vd
ek;gg;gLfpwJ" vd;whh;. mt;Ntis mq;fpUe;j myp (uyp)> 'mJnfhiyay;y. mJ
nfhiyahf mika (Fwpj;j fU) VO fl;lq;fisf; fle;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mitahtd: fspkz;
rj;J> ,e;jphpaj;Jsp> ,uj;jf;fl;b> vYk;Gj;njhFjp> rijaikg;G> NtW (KO)
cUtk;" vd;whh;fs;. ,jidf; Nfl;l ckh; (uyp) 'mypNa> cz;ik nrhd;dPH>
my;yh`; ckf;F ePz;l MAis mspg;ghdhf" vdf; $wpdhh;.
FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;il mDkjpf;fpd;w epahdkhd fhuzq;fs;:
1. jhapd; capUf;Nfh my;yJ cly; eyDf;Nfh Mgj;J Vw;gLk; vd mDgtj;jpd;
thapyhfNth my;yJ ek;gj;jFe;j xU kUj;Jth; %yNkh mwpe;jhy;>
FLk;gf;fl;Lghl;bw;F mDkjpAz;L. ,f;fUj;Jf;F Mjhuq;fshff; fPo;tUk;
jpUtrdq;fis mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLth; mitahtd:
'cq;fis ePq;fs; mopTf;F cl;gLj;j Ntz;lhk;" (2:195)

58

'NkYk; cq;fis ePq;fs; nfhiy nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; cq;fs;
kPJ mjpfk; md;G nfhz;ltdha; ,Uf;fpwhd;." (4:29)
2. nysfPf hPjpapy; mike;j rq;flj;ij vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;btUk;. mJ gpd;dh;
khh;f;f tptfhuq;fisAk; ghjpf;Fk;. jdJ Foe;ijfSf;fhf Ntz;b `uhj;ijNah
my;yJ ghtj;ijNah nra;a Ntz;Naw;gLnkd;W xUth; mQ;Rk; epiyapYk;
FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;F mDkjpAz;L.
'my;yh`; cq;fSf;Fr; rq;flj;ij Vw;gLj;j tpUk;Gtjpy;iy." (5:6)
3. jdJ Foe;ijfspd; cly;eyk; ghjpg;GWnkd;Nwh my;yJ mth;fis Kiwahf
tsh;g;gjpy; gpur;rpidfs; Njhd;Wnkd;Nwh mQ;Rtjw;F epahakhd
fhuzq;fs; ,Ug;gpDk; Fwpj;j nraw;ghl;bw;F mDkjpAz;L. c]hkh (uyp)
mwptpfpd;whh;: 'xUKiw xUth; u]{y; (]y;) mth;fsplk; te;J
'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! ehd; vdJ kidtpaplj;jpy; m];y; nra;fpd;Nwd;"
vd;whh;. mjw;F egpfshh; 'Vd; mg;gbr; nra;fpd;wPH?" vd;W tpdt
mjw;F mk;kdpjh; 'ehd; vdJ Foe;ijiaapl;L my;yJ Foe;ijfisapl;L
mQ;Rfpd;Nwd;" vd;whh;. mjw;F egpfshh; 'mJ (m];y;) jPq;fpiog;gjhf
,Ug;gpd; ghurPfj;ijAk;> NuhkhGhpiaAk; ghjpj;jpUf;Fk;" (mjhtJ ,j;jifa
jdpkdpjh;fspd; epiyfs; KOr; r%fj;ijAk; ghjpf;fhJ. mt;thW ,Ug;gpd;
md;iwa ty;yuRfshfj; jpfo;e;j Nuhk> ghurPfj;ijg; ghjpj;jpUf;Fk;
vd;gjhFk;.) vd;whh;fs;."
4. ghy;Fbf; Foe;ijapd; epiyiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> jha; fUj;jhpg;gjdhy;
Foe;ijf;Fg; ghjpg;G Vw;gLk; vdf; fUJtJk; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;il
epahag;gLj;Jfpd;w xU fhuzkhFk;.
ghy; Fbf; Foe;ij ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; jd; kidtpAld; (fUj;jhpf;Fk; Nehf;NfhL)
clYwT nfhs;tjid egpath;fs; ,ufrpaf; nfhiy vd th;zpj;Js;sdh;. (MapDk;>
,jid \hPmj; `uhk; vd Kw;whfj; jil nra;atpy;iy vd;gjidf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;f.)
NkNy
Fwpg;gpl;l
epahakhd
fhuzq;fSf;fhff;
FLk;gf;
fl;Lg;ghL
nra;tjid ,];yhk; mDkjpj;jpUg;gpDk;> fUr;rpijit mJ mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.
mf;fUthdJ `uhkhd Kiwapy; jhpj;jpUg;gpDk; rhpNa> xU fUit mjw;F &`;
Cjg;gl;ljd; gpd;dh; rpijg;gJ `uhkhd khngUk; Fw;wkhFk;.
MapDk;> Fwpj;j fUthdJ rpijf;fg;glhJ njhlh;e;J jhapd; tapw;wpy; ,Ug;gJ
mtspd; capUf;F Mgj;ijNaw;gLj;Jk; vd;gJ cWjpahfj; njhpathpd; ,U
jPq;Ffspy; xd;iwj; njhpT nra;a Ntz;bapUg;gpd;> mtw;wpy; Fiwe;jijj;
njhpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vDk; rl;ltpjpapd; mbg;gilapy; fUitr; rpijg;gijj; jtpu
NtW topNa ,y;yhj NghJ mjw;F mDkjpAz;L. Vnddpy;> fUtpypUf;Fk;
rpRTf;fhf thOfpd;w jhia ,of;f KbahJ. mJ mwpTilikAk; MfhJ. NkYk;> rpRthdJ
cUf;Fiye;jjhf ,Ue;J> gpwe;J thOk; ghf;fpaj;ijg; ngwpDk;> ngUk;
mt];ijAlNdNa thOk; epiyf;F cl;gLk; vd;gJ tpQ;Qhd G+Htkhd cWjpahff;
fz;lwpa KbAk; epiyapYk; fUitr; rpijf;f \hPmj;jpy; ,lKz;L.

59

jyhf;
Nfs;tp: ,];yhkpa \hPMtpd;gb xUtuJ kidtpia mth; jyhf; nrhy;y Nehpl;lhy;>
mth; tpUk;gpa Neuj;jpy; jyhf; nrhy;y KbAkh? my;yJ nrhy;yf; $lhj
re;jh;g;gq;fSk; cz;lh? tphpthd tpsf;fk; Njit.
gjpy;: fPo;tUk;
`uhkhdjhFk;.

re;jh;g;gq;fspy;

xUth;

jdJ

kidtpiaj;

jyhf;

nrhy;YtJ

1. kidtp i`SlNdh> epgh]{lNdh ,Uf;Fk; epiy.

2. Fwpj;j ,uz;bypUe;Jk; Rj;jkhf ,Ug;gpDk;> mr;Rj;jkhd fhyj;jpy; clYwT
nfhz;l epiy.
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l
ghtpahthh;.

,U

re;jh;g;gq;fspYk;

jdJ

kidtpiaj;

jyhf;

$Wgth;

Fwpj;j re;jh;g;gq;fspy; $wg;gLk; jyhf; 'jyhf; gpj<" (]{d;dj;jhd; mikg;Gf;F

Kuzhd jyhf; vd toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.) xNuthh;j;ijapy; %d;W jyhf;ifAk; $Wjy;>
xNu re;jh;g;gj;jpy; %d;W Kiwfshf jyhf; $Wjy; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; jyhf; gpj<>
`uhkhdjhf ,Ug;gpDk; mJ epiwNtWk;> nry;YgbahFk; vd;gNj ngUk;ghyhd
mwpQHfspd; fUj;jhFk;. jyhf; $Wg;gLk; ngz;fSf;Nfw;gLk; rpukq;fisj;
jtph;g;gJ Fwpj;j epiyfspy; jyhf; $Wjy; tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sikf;fhd xU fhuzkhFk;.
i`o;> epgh]; Mfpa epiyfspy; fztDf;F kidtpAld; njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; tha;g;Gf;
fpilf;fhikapdhy;> mtd; czh;r;rp trg;gl;L mts; kPJ mjpUg;jpAw;Wj; jyhf; $w
Kw;glyhk;. vdNt> Rj;jkilAk; tiu vjph;ghh;j;jpUe;J ,Wjpj; jPHkhdj;jpw;F tUtJ
ey;yjy;yth? NkYk;> Rj;jkhd epiyapy; clYwT nfhz;bUe;jhy;> rpyNtis mts;
fUTw;wpUf;f ,lKz;L. mtrug;gl;Lj; jyhf; nrhy;yhky; jhkjpg;gjdhy;> mts;
fUTw;wpUg;gij mwpe;J> fztdpd; kdk; khwTk; ,lKz;ly;yth? ,j;jifa tplaq;fisf;
fUj;jpw; nfhz;Lk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l re;jh;g;gq;fspy; jyhf; $WtJ jil
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

nry;Ygbaw;w t]Pa;aj;
Nfs;tp: xUth; jhd; tghj;jhf Kd;dh; jd; kidtpaplk; ',j;jh" ,Uf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W
't]pa;aj;" nra;jpUe;jhy; mg;ngz; ,j;jh ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkh?
gjpy; : fztdpd; kuzj;ij njhlh;e;J kidtp ehd;F khjq;fSk; gj;J ehl;fSk;,j;jh
mD\;bf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,iw fl;lisahFk;. ,ij ahtUk; mwpth;. ,j;jifa xU
rd;khh;f;ff; flikia tpl;LtpLkhW t]pa;aj; nra;tNjh myyJ gzpg;gNjh ghtkhdjhf
miktJld;>
nry;Ygbaw;wJkhFk;.
,J
Nghd;w
t]pa;aj;Jf;fisNah
Ntz;LNfhs;fisNah epiwNtw;WtJ $lhJ.
60

'my;yh`;Tf;F khW nra;Ak; tplaj;jpy; rpU\;bfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;glyhfhJ" vd;gJ

`jP]hFk;.
ghtkhd fhhpaq;fisr; nra;AkhW jiytNuh fztNuh my;yJ ngw;NwhNuh
J}z;bdhy;> mth;fSf;Ff; fl;Lg;glyhfhJ. ,t;thwhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mj;jifa
fl;lisfSf;F khW nra;tJ flikahfp tpLfpd;wJ

,isa jiyKiwAk;> ,];yhj;jpd; topfhl;lYk;

,sikg;
gUtk;
vd;gJ
Foe;ijg;
gUtj;jpw;Fk;
( Childhood)
KO
tsh;r;rpg;gUtj;jpw;Fk;
(Fullmanhood)
,ilg;gl;l
gUtnkd
milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J cly; typikAk; tPupaKk; (physical strength and
energy) nfhz;l gUtkhFk;;; tho;tpy; RWRWg;Gk; ,af;fKk; nraw;wpwDk;
kpf;f gUtkhFk;. tho;tpy; jd; thypgj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;shjtd; tskhd
tho;Tf;F cupj;JilatdhtJ rhj;jpakhdjd;W. ,jdhNyNa KJik tUk; Kd;dh; ,sikiag;
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;SkhW egpnkhop topfhl;b epw;fpd;wJ.
gUt taJ vd;gJ Kw;wpYk; ey;y gUtky;y. nfl;l Nkhrkhd gUtKky;y. ,siknad;gJ
thisg; Nghd;wJ. mjidg; Nghh; tPuDk; gad;gLj;jyhk;; nfhs;isf;fhuDk;
gad;gLj;j KbAk;. kdpj ,d tuyhw;wpy; Mf;fg; gzpfspy; Kd;dpd;W cioj;j
ngUik mjpfk; ,isQh;fisNa rhUk;. mNjNtis cyfpy; ehrNtiyfSf;Fk;> mopT
NtiyfSf;Fk; mth;fNs Jiz epw;gijAk; fhzyhk;.
xU r%fj;jpd; vOr;rpAk; tPo;r;rpAk; mjd; ,isQh;fspy; jq;fpAs;sJ vd;why;
kpifahfhJ. jdJ ,isQh; guk;giuia rupahfg; gapw;Wtpj;J> Kiwahf
newpg;gLj;jp> topg;gLj;jpa xU r%fNk vOr;rp ngw KbAk; vd;gjw;F tuyhW
rhd;W gfh;fpd;wJ. ,isQh;fis ,oe;j rKjhak; jd; ,Ug;ig ,oe;J tpLk; ,Ue;j ,lk;
njupahky; njhiye;J tpLk;. ,t;tifapy; ,];yhk; ,sikapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
gf;Ftg;gLj;jp mjd; %yk; gad; ngWkhW typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. Kd;khjpupahd Xh;
,isQDf;F cjhuzkhf my;-Fh;Md; egp A+]{igf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mtupd;
MSikg; gz;GfisAk; mth; ngw;wpUe;j jpwd;fisAk; jUfpd;wJ. milahsg;
61

GU\h;fshff; nfhs;sj;jf;f Xh; ,isQh; FOitg; gw;wp my;-Fh;Mdpd; my;-f`;g;

mj;jpahak; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
''..epr;rakhf mth;fs; rpy ,isQh;fs;; mth;fs; jq;fs; ,ul;rfid tpRthrpj;jhh;fs;;.
NkYk; Neh;topia mth;fSf;F ehk; mjpfg;gLj;jpNdhk;. NkYk;> (mf;fhy
murd; Kd;dpiyapy;) mth;fs; vOe;J epd;W thdq;fSf;Fk; G+kpf;Fk;
,ul;rfd;jhd; vq;fs; ,ul;rfd; mtidad;wp tzf;fj;jpw;Fwpa NtW ehaid ehk;
miof;f khl;Nlhk;. (mt;thW mioj;jhy;) mg;NghJ cz;ikapy; ehk; tuk;G kPwpa
thh;j;ijiaf; $wptpl;Nlhk; vd;W mth;fs; cWjpahff; $wpa NghJ> mth;fSila
cs;sq;fis (Neuhd topapy;) ehk; cWjpg;gLj;jp tpl;Nlhk;.""
egp
(]y;)
mth;fspd;
J}Jj;Jtg;
gzpf;Fj;
Njhs;
nfhLj;jth;fspy;
ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; ,isQh;fshfNt ,Ue;jdh;. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; ];ngapidf;
ifg;gw;wpa jhupf; gpd; ]pahJk;> ,e;jpahtpd; kPJ gilnaLj;J te;j K`k;kj; gpd;
fh]pKk; ,sk; thypgh;fNs.
Mdhy;> ,d;iwa K];ypk; ck;khitg; nghWj;j tiuapy; mjd; ,isa jiyKiwapdupd;
epiy ngupJk; ftiyf;fplkhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Nkw;fj;Nja> rlthj> cyfhaj
fyhrhuj;jpd; gilnaLg;Gf;fSf;F Kd;dhy; vkJ ,isQh;fs; ehshe;jk; nrj;J kbe;J
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. rpw;wpd;gq;fSk; mw;g cyfhaj milTfSNk ,th;fspy;
ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhupd;
,yf;Ffshf
,Uf;fpd;wd.
tho;tpd;
mh;j;jj;ijg;
Gupahky; jk; kPJs;s nghWg;Gf;fis czuhky; jhd;Njhd;wpj;jdkhf thOk;
thypgh;fisNa vq;Fk; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. ,isQh; r%fj;jpd; ,t;tPo;r;rp epiyapd;
gaq;fu tpisit cyfshtpa K];ypk; ck;kh ,d;W mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
vdNt ,d;iwa r%fg; Gdh;eph;khz rPh;jpUj;jg; gzpapYk; gpur;rhug;
gzpapYk; ,isQh; tptfhuk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; Kd;DupikAk; ngw Ntz;baJ
mj;jpatrpakhFk;. mjpYk; ,isQh;fspd; jdpg;gl;l xOf;f tho;it xOq;FgLj;JtJ
gpujhd ,lj;ijg; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa ,isQh;fspd; ,Ug;ig mr;RWj;Jk; kpfg;
ngupa gpur;rpid xOf;fr; rPh;NfLfNs vd;gij mwpahNjhh; ,Uf;f KbahJ.
MapDk; eilKiwapy; K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; ,isQh;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; cupa ,lj;ijg;
ngwhik ftiyf;FupajhFk;.

62

j/thTk; rNfhju ,dj;jth;fSk;

,yq;ifapy; ,];yhkpa j/thTf;F xU ePz;l tuyhW cz;L. ,e;ehl;Lf;F K];ypk;fs;
fhybitj;j ehs; Kjy; ,];yhkpa j/thTk; fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; gy;NtW mikg;Gf;fspy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L te;Js;sijf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. xU fhyj;jpy; ,q;F cykhf;fs;> i\Ffs;
vd;wpUe;j jdp kdpjh;fs; ,];yhkpag; gzpapy; <Lgl;ldh;. gpd;dh; jhPf;fhf;fs;
vdg;gLk; Md;kPf mikg;Gf;fs; %ykhfTk; ey;y gy gzpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
fle;j Rkhh; miu E}w;whz;L fhykhf - cyfpd; Vida ghfq;fspy; NghyNt
- ,];yhkpag; gpurhug;; gzpapy; ,af;fq;fs; - [khmj;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngw;Ws;sd. mit Kidg;Gld; nraw;gl;Lk; tUfpd;wd. mtw;wpd; Kaw;rpfs;
ghuhl;lj;jf;fit. njhlu Ntz;bait.
MapDk; ,yq;if j/thf;fsj;jpy; ehk; fhZk; xU ngUk; Fiw cz;L. mJNt gpw r
%fj;jth;fSf;Fk; rkaj;jth;fSf;Fk; ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;tjpy; ehk;
filg;gpbj;J te;Js;s vjph;kiwahd epiyg;ghlhFk;.
K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; rd;khh;f;fg; gzpapy; <LgLk; vj;jidNah mikg;Gf;fs;
,aq;Ffpd;wd. Mdhy; ,e;ehl;by; vk;NkhL thOk; gpw kj rNfhjuh;fSf;F ,];yhj;ij
vLj;Jr; nrhy;tjw;F fhj;jpukhd Kaw;rpfs; vJTk; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba
msTf;F mj;jifa gzpfs; kpfTk; mhpjhfTk; FiwthfTNk eilngWfpd;wd. ,jd;
ghjfkhd tpisTfis kWikf;F Kd;dh; cyfpNyNa jw;NghJ ehk; mEgtpf;fj;
njhlq;fpAs;Nshk;. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpAk; K];ypk;fisg; gw;wpAk; me;epa r
63

%fj;jth;fs;
kpfTk;
gpioahd
fUj;Jf;fisf;
nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
,e;epiyiag;
gad;gLj;jp ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfSk; rpy tp\kpfSk; NkYk; Jh;g; gpur;rhuq;fisr;
nra;J tUfpd;wdh;.
vdNt ehk; tpl;l jtiw czh;e;J flikia mtrukhf nra;tjw;F cld; Kd;tuNtz;ba
fhykpJ. MapDk; ,g; gzpia epiwNtw;Wtjw;F vt;tsT J}uk; vk;ik ehk;
jahh;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;Nshk; vd;gJ Nfs;tpf; FwpahFk;. Mokhd rd;khh;f;f
mwpTk; gpw rkaq;fs; gw;wpa njspTk; nkhopawpTk; ,g;gzpf;F
mbg;gilahfj; Njitg;gLgit. Fiwe;j gl;rk; ,j;jFjpiag; ngw;w xU FOitahapDk;
cUthf;Fk; nghWg;G ekf;Fz;L.
,f;flikia ehk; fhyjhkjkpd;wp epiwNtw;wpahf Ntz;Lk; ,y;yhjNghJ ghuJ}ukhd
tpisTfSf;F Kfk;nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`; vkJ Fw;wq;fis
kd;dpj;J vk;ik <UyfpYk; ghJfhg;ghdhf.

etPd njhlh;ghly; Clfq;fSk; ,];yhkpa

j/thTk;
fle;j ,U jrhg;jq;fspy; cyfk; ghhpa gy khw;wq;fisf; fz;Ls;sJ. ,j;jifa
khw;wq;fs; kdpj tho;tpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd.
njhlh;ghly; njhopy; El;gj;jpd; mjprapf;fj;jf;f Kd;Ndw;wk; vy;yh tifahd
Ntw;WikfisAk; fise;J cyf rKjhaq;fspd; fyhrhuf; nfhs;if rhh;e;j jdpj;Jtq;fisf;
fLikahfg; ghjpj;J tUfpd;wd. cyfNk ,d;W xU g+Nfhsf; fpuhkkhf (Global
Village) khwpAs;sJ. xUth; jhd; tpUk;gpaij tpUk;gpa ,lj;jpy; tpUk;gpa
Neuj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; epiy cUthfpAs;sJ. ,jdhy; ,d;W jzpf;if|
vd;gjw;Nf ,lkpy;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ.
Nkw;FyfNk ,e;j fyhr;rhug; gilnaLg;ig Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. ,jw;Fg;
gypahNthNu ehk;. Nkw;FyF mjd; murpay;> nghUshjhu> ,uhZt rf;jpfSld;
njhop;y; El;g Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; nfhz;L mjd; fyhrhu jpzpg;ig nra;J tUfpd;wJ.

64

,e;jg; gilnaLg;Gf;F Kd;dhy; vkJ epiyg;ghL

ek;gpf;iffs;> tpOkpaq;fs;> xOf;f khz;Gfs;>
ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;s ehk; vd;d eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;Nshk;?

vd;d? ,jpypUe;J vkJ

fyhrhuk; Kjypatw;iw

Internet cl;gl etPd njhlh;ghly;> njhiyj; njhlh;G rhjdq;fs; %yk; ,];yhj;ijg;

gw;wp Vuhskhd tplaq;fs; cyfshtpa hPjpapy; gug;gg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy;

,tw;wpy; kpfg; ngUk;ghyhdit ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhdit> mijj; J}w;Wgit; mjd;
kPJ NrW g+Rgit. ,jw;fhf vtiuAk; rhLtjpy; mh;j;jkpy;iy. Fw;wthspfs;
ehq;fNs.
Vd; ehk; etPd njhlh;ghly; rhjdq;fSld; Xh; cld;ghlhd epiyg;ghl;il
Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sf; $lhJ? mtw;iw Vd; vkJ eyd;fSf;fhf ehk; gad;gLj;j KbahJ?
vjw;fhf mtw;iw vkJ vjphpfsplk; kl;Lk; tpl;L itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;?
,d;W cyfpy; Internet rhjdj;ijg; gad;gLj;JNthh; njhif gyNfhb. ,th;fspd;
vz;zpf;if xt;Nthh; MW khjq;fSf;Fk; 50 rj tPjj;jhy; mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. ehk;
tpUk;gpdhYk; tpUk;ghtpl;lhYk; ,isa jiyKiwapdh; ,j;jifa rhjdq;fspdhy;
jPtpukhff; ftug;gl;L tUfpd;wdh;.
njhlh;ghly; rhjdq;fSf;$lhf ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpAk; K];ypk;fisg; gw;wpAk;
Kd;itf;fg;gLk;
tp\kj;jdkhd
fUj;Jf;fshy;
K];ypky;yhNjhh;
kl;Lkd;wp
K];ypk;fNs gpioahf top elj;jg;gLk; Mgj;J Njhd;wpAs;sJ. fhjpahdpfs;
Internet
rhjdj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jp
jkJ
nfhs;ifg;
gpurhuj;ijr;
nra;J
tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,];yhj;jpd; ngahpNyNa ,th;fsJ gpurhu eltbf;iffs; mike;Js;sd.
,th;fsJ khh;f;f tpsf;fq;fs;> rl;lj; jPh;g;Gf;fnsy;yhk; gpuRhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,];yhj;ij cyfpd; %iy KLf;Ffspnsy;yhk; nfhz;L nry;yf;$ba tha;g;ig> xt;nthU
tPl;bd; fjitAk; ,yFtpy; jl;lf;$ba re;jh;g;gj;ij etPd njhlh;ghly; Clfq;fs; ekf;Fj;
jUfpd;wd. vdNt my;yh`;Tila jPid cyfpy; NkNyhq;fr; nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld;
,tw;iwAk; ehk; gad;gLj;j Kd;tuy; Ntz;Lk;.
etPd
njhlh;ghly;
rhjdq;fisg;
gad;gLj;JtjpYs;s
Mgj;Jf;fisAk;
,q;Nf
cjhrPdg;gLj;jy; KbahJ. mit ,d;W ngUk;ghYk;> jPikfspd; thapyhf
mike;Js;sd vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. j/thTf;fhf ,tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jg;Ngha; Fspg;gjw;fhfr; nrd;W Nrw;iwg; g+rpf;nfhz;lthpd;| fijahfp tplyhfhJ. vdNt
kpf vr;rhpf;ifAlDk; tpopg;GlDk;- [h`pypa;aj;jpd; tisapy; rpf;fptplhJ- ,tw;iw
kpfTk; nghWikAld; ifahs;tjw;F Kaw;rp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
''(egpNa) ePh; (kdpjh;fis) tpNtfj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; mofhd ey;YgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk;
ckJ ,iwtdpd; topapd; ghy; miog;gPuhf! Md;wpAk; vJ kpf mofhdNjh
(rpwe;jNjh) mijf; nfhz;Lk; mth;fSld; tpthjpg;gPuhf""|(]_wh 16:125)

65

xU gy;ypd rKjhaj;jpy; thOk; K];ypk;

rpWghd;ik gw;wpaJk; gpw r%fq;fSldhd
mjd; cwTfs; gw;wpaJkhd \hPMtpd;
fz;Nzhl;lk;
,t;tha;T gpd;tUk; ehd;F cgjiyg;Gfisf; nfhz;ljhf mikfpd;wJ:
1.
2.
3.
4.

rpWghd;ik> K];ypk; rpWghd;ik gw;wpa vz;zf;fUf;fs;.

,d;iwa cyfshtpa K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdh; gw;wpa tpguk;
rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fs; gw;wpa \hPM Nehf;F
gpw r%fq;fSldhd cwT gw;wpa \hPM fz;Nzhl;lk;.

1.rpWghd;ik> K];ypk; rpWghd;ik gw;wpa vz;zf;fUf;fs;.

66

vkJ Ma;Tf;Fupa nghUis kpfr; rupahfg; Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;F 'rpWghd;ik" vDk;

vz;zf;fUit tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JtJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ.
1. 'rpWghd;ik" vd;gjw;F r%ftpayhsh;fs;
gpd;tUtd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;.

je;Js;s

tiutpyf;fzq;fSs;

''XH CupNyh my;yJ ehl;bNyh my;yJ gpuNjrj;jpNyh thOfpd;w ,d my;yJ

nkhop my;yJ rkauPjpahf mq;F thOk; ngUk;ghd;ikapypUe;J NtWgLfpd;w
xU
rdf;FOkj;ijf;
Fwpf;Fk;.""
(mg;Jy; t`;`hg; my;fahyp> E}y; : kt;#mJ]; ]pah]h> 1/244)
''xU ehl;by; thOk;> ,dj;jhy; my;yJ nkhopahy; my;yJ rkaj;jhy; me;ehl;bd;
ngUk;ghd;ik Fbkf;fs; rhuhj xd;iw rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; gy E}W Fbkf;fis
Fwpf;Fk;."" (m`;kj; mj;jpaj;Jy;yh`;> E}y; : my; fh%]{]; ]pah]p> gf;fk; :
96)
''xU Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;ij Nrh;e;j Fbkf;fs;; Vida Fbkf;fis tpl njhifapy; Fiwe;j
,th;fs; jkf;nfd jdpahd fyhrhuj;ijAk; nkhopiaAk; rkaj;ijAk; nfhz;bUg;gh;. xU
Fwpg;gpl;l xOq;fikg;gpy; jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; fyhrhuj;ijAk; Ngzpf;fhg;gjpy;
fuprid fhl;Lth;.""
(m`;kj; Ritypk;> E}y; : K/[Ky; cY}K];]pah]pa;ah my;Ka];]h;> gf;fk;: 28)
''A small group of people separated from the rest of the community by a different
in race, religion, language etc.."

',dk;> rkak;> nkhop Kjyhdtw;wpy; r%fj;jpd; VidNahup ypUe;J NtWgl;l xU

rpW kdpj FOkk;""
(The Oxford English Dictionary)
"A part of population differing in some characteristics and often subjected to
deferential treatment.''

''Fbkf;fspy;> rpy gz;Gfspy; gpwupypUe;J NtWgLfpd;w mt;tg;NghJ

ghFghlhd ftdpg;Gf;Fl;gLfpd;w xU gpuptpdiuf; Fwpf;Fk;"" (Websters 7th
new collegiate dictionary)

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tiutpyf;fzq;fspy; ,Ue;J xU rdf;$l;lj;ij rpWghd;ik r%fk; vd

milahsg;gLj;Jtjhapd; mJ gpd;tUk; gz;Gfisg; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd;gJ
njspthfpd;wJ.
1. ,dk;> kjk;> nkhop Kjyhdtw;wpy; r%fj;jpd; Vida Fbkf;fspy; ,Ue;J
NtWgl;l xU rdf;f$l;lkhf ,Uj;jy;.

67

2. jhk; thOk; r%fj;jpy; ghFghlhfTk; rkj;Jtkw;w KiwapYk; elhj;jg;gLk;

xU gpuptpduhf ,Uj;jy;.
,d;W
cyfpd;
gy ghfq;fspYk;
,duPjpahfTk;>
nkhopuPjpahfTk;>
rkauPjpahfTk;> rpWghd;ik r%fq;fs; tho;e;J tUfpd;wd. nkhopuPjpahd
rpWghd;ik r%fj;jpw;F cjhuzkhf fdlhtpy; thOk; gpnuQ;R nkhop NgRk;
rKjhaj;ij Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,uhf;> <uhd;> JUf;fp Mfpa ehLfspy; thOk;
FHjp\; ,dj;jth;fisAk;> my;[PupahtpYk;> nkhNuhf;NfhtpYk; thOk;
gh;gh; ,dj;jth;fisAk; ,duPjpahd rpWghd;ikapdUf;F cjhuzq;fshf Fwpg;gpl;l
KbAk;. cyfpy; rkauPjpahd rpWghd;ikapduhf ,Ug;NghNu Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
th;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; njhlh;gpNyNa gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSk;
rh;r;irfSk; Njhd;WtJ cz;L. rka uPjpahd rpWghd;ikapdUf;F cjhuzkhf ,uhf;>
vfpg;J> rpupah> ghfp];jhd; Kjyhd ehLfspy; thOk; fpwp];jth;fisAk;>
nkhNuhf;Nfh> <uhd;> JUf;fp Nghd;w ehLfspy; thOk; A+jh;fisAk;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.

2.cyf K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdh;

cyf K];ypk;fis mth;fs; thOk; ehLfis nghWj;J ,U ngUk; gpupTfshf gpupj;J

Nehf;Fth;:
1. jhUy; ,];yhj;jpy; tho;Nthh;
,d;W jhUy; ,];yhk; vd;gJ nghJthf K];ypk; ehLfisf; Fwpf;Fk;. mjhtJ K];ypk;fs;
ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf thOk; ehLfisr; Rl;Lk;.
2. jhUy; ,];yhj;jpw;F ntspNa tho;Nthh;
,];yhkpa tof;fpy; jhUy; ,];yhk; my;yhj G+kp jhUy; Fg;h; vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa ehLfspy; tho;NthiuNa rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fs; vd
toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.
,d;iwa cyf K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fisAk; ,U gpupTfshfg; gpupj;J Nehf;f
KbAk;.

1. ghuk;gupa K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fs;

,th;fs;
jhk;
thOk;
ehl;bd;
Fbkf;fshf
,Ug;gh;;.
gy E}w;whz;L fhykhf ,];yhj;jpy tho;NthuhfTk; ,Ug;gh;. cjhuzkhf>
,e;jpah> ,yq;if K];ypk; r%fq;fs;> nghy;fd; ehLfshd Nrh;gpah>
gy;nfupah> nk]Nlhdpah Kjyhd ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk; r%fq;fs;.
2. Gyk;ngah;e;j K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fs;

68

cjhuzkhf: 1950 fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; murpay;> fy;tp> nghUshjhuk; Kjyhd

fhuzq;fSf;fhf muGyfpypUe;Jk; kw;Wk; cyfpd; ehyh gf;fq;fspypUe;Jk;
Nkw;F INuhg;gpa ehLfSf;F ,lk; ngah;e;J mq;F cUthd K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r
%fq;fisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
ck;: ,q;fpyhe;J> N[h;kd;> gpuhd;]; Nghd;w ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk;
rpWghd;ikapdh;.
3. rkfhy cyfshtpa K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdh; gw;wpa tpguk;:
,d;W cyfpy; K];ypk;fs; thohj ve;jnthU ehLk; ,y;iynadyhk;. cyfpd; ve;j xU
ehl;bYk; xU rpW r%fkhfNtDk; K];ypk;fs; tho;tijf; fhzKbAk;. ,d;iwa cyf
rdj;njhif 6036.97 kpy;ypad; MFk;. ,jpy; K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhif1430.08
kpy;ypad; vd kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. kw;nwhU fzpg;gPl;bd; gb cyf K];ypk;
rdj;njhif 1484.71 kpy;ypad; MFk;. (ghh;f;f: Romania fact book 2003
website.) If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; XH mwpf;ifapd; gb nkhj;j cyf rdj;njhifapy;
25.12% K];ypk;fs; Mth;.
cyf K];ypk; rdj;njhifapy; rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;Nthupd; vz;zpf;if Rkhh;>
450 kpy;ypad; vd kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. kw;nwhU kjpg;gPl;bd; gb cyf
K];ypk;fspy; 1/3 gq;fpduhf rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wdh;. K];ypk;
rdj;njhifapy;
rpWghd;ikapdh;
45%
vd
,d;Dk;
xU
fzpg;gPL
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,d;iwa cyfpy; xt;nthU ehy;tupYk; xUth; K];ypkhf ,Uf;f>
xt;nthU 12 K];ypk;fspYk; xUth; rpWghd;ikahf thOk; K];ypkhf ,Uf;fpwhh;
vdTk; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
cyfshtpa K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; rdj;njhifg; gw;wpAk;> cyf K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r
%fq;fspd; rdj;njhif tpguq;fs; gw;wpAk; rupahdJk; Js;spakhdJkhd Gs;sp
tpguq;fs; fpilg;gjw;fpy;iy. rpy ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhif
Fiwkjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thNw K];ypk; rhh;G tl;lhuq;fs; rpy
ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk;fspd; njhifia kpif kjpg;gPL nra;Js;sikiaAk; mtjhdpf;f
Kbfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyf;fhd fhuzq;fis gpd;tUkhW milahsg;gLj;jyhk;.

gy ehLfs; rka mbg;gilapy; rdj;njhiff; fzf;nfLg;ig Nkw;nfhs;shik.

gpur;rpidfisj; jtph;g;gjw;fhf rkauPjpahd tpguq;fis ntspaplhik
rpy ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk;fspy; rpyh; cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf jq;fis
K];ypk;fs; vd ,dq;fhl;bf; nfhs;shik.
rpy ehLfspy; K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhifiaj; jpl;lkpl;L Fiwkjpg;gPL nra;jy;.
rdj;njhif kjpg;gPl;lhsh;fspd; Ma;Tfspy; Kuz;ghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wik.
OIC Kjyhd K];ypk; epWtdq;fspd; K];ypk;fs; gw;wpa rdj;njhif
kjpg;gPLfs; tpQ;Qhd G+Htkhf mikahik.
K];ypk;fs;
Ntfkhf
tsh;r;rpailAk;
xU
r%fkhf ,Uj;jy;.

vJ vg;gbahapDk; cyf K];ypk; rdj;njhifapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f> fzprkhd

njhifapdh; rpWghd;ikapduhf cs;sdh; vd;gJ njspthdjhFk;. gy K];ypk;
69

ngUk;ghd;ik ehLfspd; rdj;njhifia tpl rpy ehLfspy; thOk; rpWghd;ik

K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhif gy klq;F $bajhFk;. cjhuzkhf: ,e;jpa K];ypk;
rpWghd;ik r%fk; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa rpWghd;ik r%fkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mjd;
rdj;njhif Rkhh; 12 NfhbahFk;. rPdhtpy; Rkhh; 11 Nfhb K];ypk;fs;
rpWghd;ik vd;w epiyapy; tho;fpd;wdh;. ,Nj Ntisapy; cyfpd; kpfr;rpwpa
K];ypk;
rpWghd;ik
r%fkhf
n`a;l;b
ehl;by;
thOk;
K];ypk;fs;
fUjg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,q;F rpy E}W K];ypk;fs; tho;tjhf fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rkhh; 60 ehLfspy; K];ypk;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf thOk; NghJ 150 f;Fk;
Nkw;gl;l ehLfspy; mth;fs; rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;e;J tUfpd;wdh;. cyf
rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fspy; 90% MrpahtpYk;> Mgpupf;fhtpYk; ikak;
nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
Mrpahtpy;
nkhj;jk;
251
kpy;ypad;
K];ypk;
rpWghd;ikapdUk;>
Mgpupf;fhtpy;
24
kpy;ypad;
K];ypk;
rpWghd;ikapdUk; ,Ug;gjhf ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ.
mnkupf;fhtpYk; INuhg;gpa ehLfspYk; gutyhf K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fs;
tho;e;J tUfpd;wd. mnkupf;fhtpy; Rkhh; 7 kpy;ypad; K];ypk;fs;
tho;fpd;wdh;. gpuhd;];> If;fpa uhr;rpak; > N[h;kdp Mfpa ehLfspy;
KiwNa 2.2 kpy;ypad;> 3 kpy;ypad;> 2.5 kpy;ypad; K];ypk;fs;
tho;fpd;wdh;. nkhj;jkhf> INuhg;ghtpy; K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhif 15
kpy;ypad; vd kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fs; gw;wpa \hPM Nehf;F

,];yhkpa \hPM Nehf;fpy; ehLfis ,U ngUk; gpupTfshf tFj;J Nehf;Fth;.

mitahtd:
1. jhUy; ,];yhk;
2. jhUy; Fg;h;
1. jhUy; ,];yhk;:
jhUy; ,];yhj;ij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,];yhkpa rl;l Nkijfs; kj;jpapy; NtWgl;l
fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd. mf;fUj;Jf;fs; midj;ijAk; njhFj;J Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ
jhUy; ,];yhk; vd;gJ gpd;tUk; ,U epge;jidfisf; nfhz;l G+kpiaf; Fwpf;Fk; vDk;
Kbitg; ngwKbfpd;wJ.

K];ypk;fspd; mjpfhuKk; Ml;rpAk; cs;s G+kp

\hPmj; rl;lk; mKyhf;fg;gLk; G+kp

nghJthf Nkw;fz;l ,U epge;jidfisAk; itj;J Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ jhUy; ,];yhk;

vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; XupU ehLfisNaDk; mlf;f KbAkh vDk; Nfs;tp gpwg;gJ
jtph;f;f KbahjjhFk;. MapDk; ,khk; mG+ `dPghtpd; (u`;) fUj;Jg;gb
K];ypk;fs; mr;rkpd;wp ghJfhg;ghf> ngUk;ghd;ikahf thOk; ve;j xU
ehl;ilAk; jhUy; ,];yhkhf fUj KbAk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,d;iwa ngUk;ghyhd K];ypk;
ehLfis jhUy; ,];yhkhf nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.
70

2. jhUy; Fg;h;:
jhUy; Fg;iu tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JtjpYk; rl;l mwpQHfs; kj;jpapy; Kuz;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs;
epyTfpd;wd. nghJthf Nehf;Fkplj;J gpd;tUk; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l G+kpia jhUy;
Fg;h; vd milahsg;gLj;jyhk;.

K];ypk;fspd; Ml;rpajpfhuk; ,y;yhj G+kp

\hPmj; rl;lq;fs; mKypy;yhj G+kp

jw;fhy cyfpy; K];ypk;fs; rpWghd;ikahf thOk; ehLfs; midj;Jk; jhUy; Fg;h;

vDk; tl;lj;jpw;Fs; mlq;FgitahfNt mike;Js;sd. ,j;jifa jhUy; Fg;upy; my;yJ
K];ypky;yhj ehl;by; my;yJ rpWghd;ikapduhf K];ypk;fs; tho;tJ njhlh;ghf
\hPMtpd; Nehf;F vd;d vd;gJ njhlh;e;J Muhag;gLfpd;wJ. nghJthf jhUy;
Fg;upy; tho;tJ njhlh;ghf Muk;gfhy rl;l mwpQHfs; kj;jpapy; vjpUk;
GjpUkhd epiyg;ghLfs; epytpte;Js;sd. khypfp kj;`ig rhh;e;NjhUk; ,khk;
,g;D `];k; Kjyhd mwpQh;fs; jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tij `uhk; vd;Wk;>
jhUy; ,];yhj;ij Nehf;fp `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;tJ th[pg; vd;Wk; fUJfpd;wdh;.
(ghh;f;f:
my;gahd;
tj;j`;]Py;>
mGy;tyPj;
,g;D
U\;j;)
MapDk;
`dgpa;ahf;fs;>
\hgp,a;ahf;fs;>
`d;gyp
kj;`ig
rhh;e;Njhh;
cl;gl
ngUk;ghyhd rl;lNkijfs; ,jw;F khw;wkhd epiyg;ghl;il nfhz;Ls;sdh;. (ghh;f;f:
m`;fhKy; FHMd;> my;[];]h];)
xU K];ypk; jdJ khh;f;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;j Kbahj msTf;F gyaPddhf ,Uf;Fk;
epiyapNyNa mth; jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tJ `uhkhdjhf nfhs;sg;gLk;. khwhf jdJ
khh;f;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;jf;$ba epiyapYk; jdf;fhd ghJfhg;igg; ngw;w epiyapYk;
,Uf;fpd;w xUth; jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tjw;F vj;jifa \hPmj; uPjpahd jilAk;
,y;iynad;gNj Nkw;fz;l rl;l Nkijfspd; epiyg;ghlhFk;. ,th;fs; jkJ thjj;jpw;F
rhh;g;ghf gpd;tUk; rhd;whjhuq;fis Kd;itf;fpd;wdh;.
1. ''ahh; (jq;fs; khh;f;ff; flikfisr; ruptu epiwNtw;w KbahjthW jhUy;
Fg;upy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L) jkf;Fj; jhNk jPq;fpioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdNuh mth;fspd;
capiu kyf;Ffs; ifg;gw;Wk; NghJ (mth;fis Nehf;fp khh;f;ff; flikfis
epiwNtw;w Kbahj ehl;by;) 'ePq;fs; vt;thW ,Ue;jPHfs;;" vd;W Nfl;ghh;fs;.
mjw;F mth;fs; 'me;j G+kpapy; ehq;fs; gyaPdkhdth;fshfNt ,Ue;Njhk;"
vd;W
gjpy;
$Wthh;fs;.
(mjw;F
kyf;Ffs;)
'my;yh`;Tila
G+kp
tprhyKilajy;yth? ePq;fs; mt;tplj;ij tpl;L ntspg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;lhkh?" vd;W
Nfl;ghh;fs;. ,j;jifNahh; jq;Fkplk; eufk; jhd;. nry;Ykplq;fspy; mJ kpfTk;
nfl;lJ. vdpDk; Mz;> ngz;> Foe;ijfs; Mfpath;fspy; gyaPdkhdth;fs; vj;jifa
topAk; Njbf;nfhs;s Kbahky; (mijtpl;L ntspg;glTk;) topfhzhky; ,Ue;jhy;
mj;jifNahiu my;yh`; kd;dpj;Jtplf; $Lk;. Vnddpy; my;yh`; kpf
kd;dpg;NghDk; gpionghWg;NghDkhAk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.""(5 : 97-99)
,t;trdk;> jdJ rd;khh;f;fj;ij epiyehl;l Kbahj ,lj;jpypUe;J xUth; `p[;uj; nra;a
Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;F Mjhukhf tpsq;Ffpd;wnjd ,khk; igohtp tpsf;Ffpd;whh;.

71

'khh;f;fj;ij epiyehl;l Kbahky; ,Ue;J> `p[;uj; nra;af; $ba tha;g;G ,Ue;Jk;

mt;thW `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;shky; K\;upf;Ffs; kj;jpapy; njhlh;e;Jk; tho;e;J
tUgtiug; gw;wpNa ,t;trdk; NgRfpd;wJ. ,j;jifNahh; jkf;Fj;jhNk> jPq;fpioj;Jf;
nfhz;L ngUk; ghtj;ij nra;jth;fs; vd;gij ,t;trdk; Kbthfr; nrhy;Yfpd;wJ" vd
,khk; ,g;D f]PH $Wfpd;whh;.
jdJ rd;khh;f;fj;ij ntspf;fhl;LksTf;Fk; mjd; flikfis epiwNtw;wf; $ba tifapYk;
gyk; ngw;wpUg;Nghh; jhUy; Fg;upy; thoyhk; vd;gjw;F ,e;j my;FHMd;
trdk; Mjhukhff; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;.
2. egpath;fs; kf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J kjPdhTf;F `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba
trjpapUe;Jk; mt;thW nry;yhky; kf;fhtpy; jq;fpa rpy r`hghf;fis
Ml;Nrgpf;fhky; mq;fPfupj;jhh;fs;. ,t;Ntisapy; kf;fh jhUy; Fg;uhfNt
tpsq;fpaJ. ,J gw;wp ,khk; \hgp< (u`;) gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpd;whh;:
''`p[;uj;> mjid Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba rf;jpAs;stUf;Nf flikahFk;;. mjpYk;
mth; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l G+kpapy; jdJ jPid epiyehl;l Kbahj epiyapy;
,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gijNa egpath;fspd; ]{d;dh czh;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy;
md;dhh; ,];yhj;ij jOtpa gpd;dUk; rpyiu kf;fhtpy; njhlh;e;Jk; tho;tjw;F
mDkjpj;jhh;fs;. ,e;j tifapNyNa gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; mr;RWj;jy;
fhzg;glhj mg;gh]; (uop) KjyhNdhh; kf;fhtpy; njhlh;e;Jk; ,Ug;gjw;F
mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldh;.""
3. Ema;k; ,g;D mg;jpy;yh`; me;e`;`hk; vd;w egpj;Njhoh; `p[;uj;
Nkw;nfhs;s ,Ue;j Ntisapy; mtUila Nfhj;jpuj;jth;fshd gD} mjP
Nfhj;jpuj;jth;fs; mtuplk; te;J 'ePH ckJ khh;f;fj;ij gpd;gw;wpf; nfhz;L
vk;Kld; thoyhk;. ckf;F vj;jPq;Fk; tuhjtz;zk; ehk; ghJfhg;Nghk;. ePH vkJ
Nfhj;jpuj;jth;fspy;
mehijfisAk;>
tpjitfisAk;
guhkupj;J
te;jikf;F
gpujpAgfhukhf ,ij ehk; nra;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpdh;. ,jdhy; mtUk; rw;W
fhyk; jd; CupNyNa jq;fpdhh;. rpwpJ fhyj;jpd; gpd;dh; `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhz;L
kjPdhitg; Ngha; mile;jhh;. mtiu tuNtw;w egpath;fs;> 'vdJ r%fj;ij tpl ckJ r
%fk; Nkyhdth;fshth;. vdJ r%fj;jth;fNsh vd;id CupypUe;J ntspNaw;wpdh;.
vd;idf; nfhiy nra;aTk; Kad;wdh;. ckJ r%fNkh ckf;F mgak; mspj;J ghJfhg;G
je;jdh;" vdf; $wpdhh;fs;. mjw;F mth;> 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu mg;gbay;y>
cq;fsJ r%fk; ePq;fs; my;yh`;Tf;F topg;glTk;> mtdJ vjpupAld; NghuhlTNk
cq;fis Cupy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;wpaJ" vdf; $wpdhh;."" Mjhuk;: jgfhj; ,g;D ]/j;
(,e;j `jPi] gyaPdkhdJ vd $WNthUk; csh;)
4. mgP]Pdpa kd;duhf ,Ue;j e[;[h\p> u]{Yy;yh`;tpd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij
jOtpa NghJk; njhlh;e;Jk; jhUy; Fg;uhf ,Ue;j jdJ ehl;bNyNa tho;e;J mq;NfNa
kuzkhdhh;. egpath;fs; mtupd; kuzr;nra;jpia Nfs;tpg;gl;l NghJ mtUf;fhf
[dh]h njhOifia epiwNtw;wp tpl;L> ',d;W xU ey;y (]hyp`hd) kdpjh;
kuzkile;J tpl;lhh;" vdf; $wpdhh;fs;. (Mjhuk;: ]`P`{y; Gfhup)
5. Gijf; vd;w egpj;Njhoh; egpatuplk; te;J> 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu `p[;uj;
nra;ahjth; ehrkile;J tpl;lhh; vd kf;fs; epidf;fpd;whh;fNs?" vd;whh;. mjw;F
my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;> 'Gijf;Nf! njhOifia epiyehl;LtPuhf. ]f;fhj;ij nfhLj;J
72

tUtPuhf. ghtj;ij jtph;e;J tho;tPuhf. ckJ r%fj;jpd; Cupy; ePH tpUk;gpa

,lj;jpy; FbapUg;gPuhf. mg;NghJ ePH `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhz;ltuhtPH"
vd;whh;fs;. (Mjhuk;: ]`P`; ,g;D `pg;ghd;)
6. Giujh my;m];ykp (uop) mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW mwptpf;fpd;whh;fs;: u]
{Yy;yh`p (]y;) mth;fs; xU gilf;F xUtiu jsgjpahf epakpj;J mDg;Gk; Ntisapy;
my;yh`;it gae;J nfhs;SkhWk; mtUld; ,Uf;Fk; K];ypk;fis eyy Kiwapy;
elhj;JkhWk; cgNjrk; nra;Jtpl;L gpd;tUkhW nrhy;thh;fs;: ''my;yh`;tpd;
ngauhy;
my;yh`;tpd;
ghijapy;
Nghuhlr;
nry;Yq;fs;.
my;yh`;it
epuhfupj;jtNuhL Aj;jk; GupAq;fs;. ePq;fs; K\;upf;fhd cq;fspd; vjpupfis
re;jpj;jhy; %d;wpy; xd;wpd; ghy; mth;fis mioAq;fs;. mjpy; xd;iw mth;fs;
Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; mth;fis mq;fPfupj;J mth;fis tpl;LtpLq;fs;. Kjypy; mth;fis
mth;fspd; G+kpapy; ,Ue;J K`h[puPd;fspd; G+kpf;F tUkhW mioAq;fs;.
mth;fs; mt;thW ele;J nfhz;lhy; K`h[phPd;fSf;Fupa midj;J cupikfSk;
mth;fSf;Fk; cz;L vdf; $Wq;fs;. mth;fs; mjid Vw;f kWj;J jhk; jkJ CupNyNa
thog;Nghtjhf $wpdhy;> mth;fs; ehl;Lg;Gw m/uhg; K];ypk;fs; Nghy;
fUjg;gLth; vd;Wk; K/kpd;fSf;fhd ,iwr;rl;lNk mth;fs; kPJk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;
vd;Wk; $Wq;fs;. MapDk; 'igc"> 'fdPkj;" Mfpatw;wpy; mth;fSf;F vj;jifa
gq;Fk; fpilf;fhJ vd;Wk; $Wq;fs;."" (Mjhuk; : ]`P`; K];ypk;> ]
{dDj;jph;kpjp> ]{dD mgPjhT+j;)
7.''CHfs; midj;Jk; my;yh`;tpd; CHfshFk;. mbahh;fs; midtUk; my;yh`;tpd;
mbahh;fshth;. vdNt ePH vq;F ed;ikiaf; fz;BNuh mq;F jq;fptpLk;."" ,J xU
gyaPdkhd `jP]; vd;gh;. (Mjhuk;: K];dj; m`;kj;)
8.KjyhtJ `p[;uj; mgP]Pdpahtpw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. egpath;fspd;
fl;lisapd; gb Muk;g K];ypk;fs; mq;Fg; Ngha; jq;fpdh;. Mdhy; mf;fhyj;jpy;
mgP]Pdpah jhUy; ,];yhkhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
9.,d;W jhUy; Fg;h; gw;wpa vz;zf;fU Kd;ida fhyj;J epiyapy; ,Ue;J
khWgl;Ls;sJ. ,d;W K];ypk; my;yhj xU ehl;Lf;F Gyk;ngaUgth; mtuJ kjk;
gw;wp
Nehf;fg;glhky;
cs;ehl;L
Fbkfd;
ngWk;
rl;l
uPjpahd
KOg;ghJfhg;igAk; ngwf;$batuha; cs;shh;.
10. ,d;W cyf ehLfs; gytw;wpy; ,];yhk; guTtjw;F me;ehLfSf;F
Gyk;ngah;e;jth;fspd; Kaw;rpNa gpujhd fhuzkhFk;. jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tJ
$lhJ vd jilnra;ag;gLfpd;wNghJ mbg;gilf; flikfspy; xd;whd ,];yhkpa j/thg;
gzp ghjpg;Gf;Fl;gLk;.
11. K];ypk;fs; xU ehl;by; rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;tJ gw;wpa my;-m];`h;
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; rl;lj;jPHg;G gpd;tUkhW:
''xU rka rhh;gw;w ehlhapDk; my;yJ ,];yhky;yhj kw;nwhU kjj;ij rkakhff;
nfhz;l ehlhapDk; mq;F xU K];ypKf;F jdJ khh;f;fj;jpw;fhd ghJfhg;Gk; khh;f;f
flikfis Rje;jpukhf epiwNtw;Wk; re;jh;g;gKk; fhzg;gbd;> mq;F mth;
thoyhk;. Mdhy; mtuJ khh;f;fj;jpw;Nfh> xOf;fj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ nghUs;>
73

khdk; Mfpadtw;wpw;Nfh cupa ghJfhg;G ,y;iynadf; fhZk; epiyapy;

ghJfhg;ghd xU ehl;Lf;F Gyk;ngah;tJ flikahFk;."" (Mjhuk;: my; m];`h;
rQ;rpif> Mwhk; ghfk;> brk;gh;> [dtup> 1991)
12. ,khk; my;khth;jp gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;:
''xUtUf;F jhUy; Fg;upy; jdf;nfd xU FLk;gKk;> FyKk; cUthfp mq;F jdJ
khh;f;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp thof;$ba epiyAk; ,Ue;jhy; mq;fpUe;J mth; `p[;uj;
nra;tJ $lhJ. Vnddpy;> mth; ,g;NghJ thOk; ,lNk mtiug; nghWj;jtiuapy;
mtUf;Fupa jhUy; ,];yhkhFk;."" (ghh;f;f: G];jhDy; MhpgPd;> ,khk; ettp
(u`;))
jhUy; Fg;upy; thoyhfhJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;:
jhUy; Fg;upy; thoyhfhJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLk; rpy Muk;g fhy rl;lmwpQh;fSila
(Gf`hf;fSila) thjk; mf;fhy epiyia fUj;jpw; nfhz;L Kd;itf;fg;gl;ljhfNt nfhs;s
KbAk;. mth;fs; jk; thjj;jpw;F Kd;itf;fpd;w fUj;Jf;fs; ,d;iwa cyf xOq;Ff;F
nghUj;jkw;witahFk;. mth;fs; jk; thjj;ij epWt Kd;itj;Js;s FHMd;> ]{d;dh
thf;fpaq;fSk; mth;fsJ thjj;ij epWTtjw;fhd njspthd rhd;whjhuq;fshf
mikatpy;iy. cjhuzkhf gpd;tUk; my;FHMd; trdk; xUth; jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tij
jilnra;tjhf mth;fs; fUjpdh;.
''my;yh`;Tila ghijapy; vth; (jhd; ,Ue;j ,lj;ij tpl;L) ntspNawp
nry;fpd;whNuh mth; G+kpapy; trjpahd gy ,lq;fisAk; nrsfupaq;fisAk;
milthh;."" (4:100)
,t;trdk; jhUy; Fg;upy; xU K];ypk; tho;tij jil nra;tjhf mikfpd;wJ vd mth;fs;
thjpl;l NghjpYk; ,J ntWkNd `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xU J}z;Ljyhf kl;LNk
mikfpd;wJ vd ,khk; ,g;D f]PH tpsf;fk; mspf;fpd;whh;.
''ehd; K\;hpf;Ffs; kj;jpapy; thOfpd;w ve;j xU K];ypkpypUe;Jk;
nghWg;gpypUe;Jk; ePq;fpatdhNtd;"" ( Mjhuk;: jph;kpjp)
''vth;
K\;hpf;Fld;
Nrh;e;J
$b
tho;fpd;whNuh
Nghd;wtuhthh;."" (Mjhuk;: mG+jhT+j;)

mth;

mtiug;

,t;tpU `jP];fSk; fhgph;fSld; Nrh;e;J tho;tijj; jilnra;tNjhL> mth;fis tpl;Lk;

gpupe;J
`p[;uj;
Nkw;nfhs;tij
tpjpahf;Ftjhf
Fwpj;j
mwpQHfs;
thjpLfpd;wdh;. MapDk;> ,t;tpU `jP];fSk; jhUy; Fg;upy; jdJ rd;khh;f;f flikfis
epiwNtw;w KbahjthW mlf;fp xLf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; K];ypikAk;>
K\;hpf;FfNshL tho;e;J ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf nraw;gl mth;fSf;F JizNghfpd;w
K];ypikANk Fwpf;Fk; vd mwpQHfs; tpsf;fk; mspf;fpd;wdh;. egpath;fs;
jdf;Fk; jdJ Njhoh;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;G ,y;iy vdf; fz;l NghNj kf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J
`p[;uj; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs;. ,e;epiyapy; jd;NdhL kjPdhtpw;F tuhky;
njhlh;e;Jk; kf;fhtpy; jq;fpapUe;j Njhoh;fis Fwpj;Nj jhk; mth;fSf;F

74

Vw;gLk; ,d;dy;fSf;F nghWg;ghdth; my;y vd;w fUj;jpNyNa Nkw;$wpa

Kjyhk; `jPi] Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs; vd;Wk; tpsf;fk; mspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
vdNt ,Jtiu fye;Jiuahba tplaq;fspy; ,Ue;J cyfpd; vg; ghfj;jpYk; K];ypk;fs; jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ij ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; khh;f;ff; flikfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fkhd
#oy; fhzg;gLk; epiyapy; rpWnjhifapduhfNth> ngUe; njhifapduhfNth
tho;tjw;fhd mDkjpia \hPmj; toq;Ffpd;wJ vd;w njspT ngwg;gLfpd;wJ.
gpw r%fq;fSlhd cwT gw;wpa \hPM fz;Nzhl;lk;:
xU rpWhgd;ik K];ypk; r%fk; vg;NghJk; xU gy;ypd> gy;rka r%fj;jpNyNa
tho;e;J tUk; vd;w tifapy; jk;NkhL thOk; gpw r%fj;jtNuhLk;> rkaj;jtNuhLk;
Ngz Ntz;ba cwTfs; gw;wpa \hPM fz;Nzhl;lk; ahJ vd;gij mwptJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngWk; xU tplakhFk;. me;j tifapy; ,t;tha;tpy; ,Wjpahf ,t;tk;rk;
Muhag;gLfpd;wJ.
K];ypky;yhjhh; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; epiyg;ghL kpfTk; njspthdJ. K];ypk;fSld;
thOk; K];ypky;yhjhupd; cupikfs;> rYiffs; gw;wp ,];yhkpa rll %yhjhuq;fs;
tpupthfg; NgRfpd;wd. ,it ntWk; rpj;jhe;jq;fshf thh;j;ijastpy; epd;W
tplhky;> K];ypk;fspd; Ml;rp cyfpy; epytpa fhynky;yhk; kpfr; rpwg;ghfr;
nraw;gLj;jg;gl;ld vd;gjw;F tuyhW rhd;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
nghJthf fp.gp. 1789 Mk; Mz;L ,lk; ngw;w gpuhd;rpa Gul;rpapd; mbahf
tFf;fg;gl;l nfhs;ifia njhlh;e;Nj kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa rpe;jid Kjy; jlitahf
cUg;ngw;wJ vd;Wk;> mjd; mbahfNt 1948 Mk; Mz;L If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd;
cyf kdpj cupikfs; rhrdk; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vdTk; $Wth;. MapDk; kdpj
cupikfs; gw;wpa nfhs;if tFg;gjpYk; nray;gLj;JtjpYk; ,];yhk; Kd;Ndhbahf
mike;jJ vd;gij tuyhw;iw fha;j;jy; ctj;jy; ,d;wp Nehf;Ffpd;w vtUk; kWf;f
KbahJ. (ghh;f;f: Rights of non Muslims, Hussain Hamid Hassan, P.2)
,];yhj;jpy; kjr;rfpg;Gj; jd;ik Nghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. K];ypky;yhjtjhUf;fhd Fiwe;j
gl;r kdpj cupikfshapDk; ,];yhj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. rka uPjpapy;
Kuz;gLgth;fSld; kpff; fLikahd xU Nghf;ifNa K];ypk;fs; tuyhW neLfpYk;
filgpbj;J te;Js;sdh; vd;nwy;yhk; mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh ,];yhj;jpd; kPJk;>
K];ypk;fs; kPJk; gy; Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Rkj;jg;gl;L te;Js;sd. cz;ikapy; K];ypk;
my;yhjhUf;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba cupikfs; gw;wp ,];yhkpa %yhjhuq;fs;
Fwpg;gpLk; tplaq;fisAk; tuyhw;wpy; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; fPo; tho;e;j
mth;fs;
elhj;jg;gl;l
ghq;fpidAk;
mwpe;J
nfhs;gth;fs;>
Fwpj;j
Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; vt;tsT J}uk; mgj;jkhdit vd Gupe;Jnfhs;th;.
K`k;kj; egpath;fs; KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mUshf te;jth;fs; vd;w tifapy;
,d>kj>nkhop>
gpuNjr
NtWghLfisNah
ghFghLfisNah
ghuhl;lhJ
vy;NyhUf;Fk; rkePjpia toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; tpopg;Gld; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,jdhy;
vg;NghJk; K];ypk;fSld;> K];ypky;yhjhupd; ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; md;dhupdhy;
G+uz cj;juthjk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;tUk; egpnkhop ,q;F Nkw;Nfhs;
fhl;lj;jf;fjhFk;.
75

''vth;
(K];ypky;yhj)
cld;gbf;if
nra;J
nfhz;bUf;fpd;w
xUtUf;F
mePjpapiof;fpd;whNuh my;yJ mtupd; cupikia Fiwf;fpd;whNuh myyJ mtuJ
rf;jpf;F Nky; mtUf;F nghWg;Gf;fis Rkj;Jfpd;whNuh my;yJ mtupd;
kdtpUg;gpd;wp mtuplk; ,Ue;J VNjDnkhd;iw ngWfpd;whNuh mtUf;F
vjpuhf kWikapy; ehd; thjpLgtdhf ,Ug;Ngd;."" (Mjhuk;: mG+jhT+j;)
tpyf;fis
Fwpf;fpd;w
mjptd;ikahd
trd
mikg;gpy;
,e;egpnkhop
mike;jpUf;fpwJ. gpw kjj;ijr; Nrh;e;j xUtUf;F mePjpapioj;jy; my;yJ mtuJ
rf;jpf;F Nky; xd;iwr; nra;AkhW mtiug; gzpj;jy; my;yJ mtupd;
epahakhdNjhh; cupikia gwpj;jy; Kjyhd mj;JkPwy;fspy; <LgLgth;fis ,e;egp
nkhop vt;tsT J}uk; fLikahf vr;rupf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
kw;WnkhU egpnkhop gpd;tUkhW:
''vth; K];ypky;yhj rpWghd;ik ,dj;ijr; Nrh;e;j xUtiu ,k;rpf;fpd;whNuh ehd;
mtuJ vjpupahNtd;. ehd; vtuJ vjpupahf ,Uf;fpd;NwNdh kWikapy;
mtUf;nfjpuhf thjpLgtdhf ,Ug;Ngd;."" (jhuPF gf;jhj; - my;fjPGy; gf;jhjp)
''vth; cld;gbf;if nra;J thOk; xU K];ypky;yhj xUtiuf; nfhiy nra;fpwhNuh
mth; Rtdj;jpd; thiliaf; $l Efukhl;lhh;. mtiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; Rtdj;jpd; thil
ehw;gJ Mz;L njhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk;."" (Mjhuk;: ]`P`{y; Gfhup)
,t;thW K];ypky;yhjhupd; XH cupikapy; $l if itg;gjid my;yJ mth;fSf;F
mePjp ,iog;gjid xU ngUk; Fw;wr; nrayhfTk; ngUk; ghtkhfTk; fUJfpd;w
jdpj;Jtkhd khh;f;fkhf ,];yhk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
,];yhj;jpy; gpwrkaj;jtupd; cupikfs; vt;tsT J}uk; cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd
vd;gjw;F fpwp];jth;fshf ,Ue;j e[;uhd; thrpfSld; egp (]y;) mth;fs; nra;J
nfhz;l cld;gbf;if kw;WnkhU rhd;whFk;. mt;Tld;gbf;ifapd; cs;slf;fk;
gpd;tUkhW:
''e[;uhd; thrpfSk; mth;fisr; Nrh;e;NjhUk; my;yh`;tpd; ghJfhg;gpYk; mtdJ
egpAk;>
u]{Ykhd
K`k;kJila
nghWg;gpYk;
,Ug;gh;.
mth;fspd;
caph;>rkak;> epyk;> clikfs; cl;gl mth;fspy; (,q;F) ,Ug;gth;fs;>
,y;yhjth;fs;
mlq;fyhf
mth;fspd;
tzf;f];jyq;fs;>
topghLfs;
Mfpa
midj;jpw;Fk;> midtUf;Fk; ,g;ghJfhg;Gk; nghWg;GKz;L. NkYk; ve;j xU
kjFUTk; my;yJ JwtpAk; mtuJ epiyapy; ,Ue;J ePf;fg;gl khl;lhh;. mt;thNw
ve;j xU kjf;flikia epiwNtw;WgtUk; mf;flikia epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ,Ue;Jk;
jLf;fg;gl khl;lhh;. rl;l G+Htkhf mth;fspd; iffspy; cs;s rpwpa> ngupa
midj;Jk; mth;fSf;Nf nrhe;jkhditahFk;. mJ tl;bAlDk; [h`pypa;ahf;fhy
gopf;Fg;gop thq;Fk; jz;lidAlDk; njhlh;gw;wjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xUth;
,th;fsplk; ,Ue;J xh; cupikia Nfhupdhy; ,Uj;jug;gpdUf;Fk; vj;jifa ghjpg;Gk;
Vw;glhjtz;zk; ePjpahd Kiwapy; mJ jPHj;J itf;fg;gLk;. ,t;Tld;gbf;iff;F Kd;dh;
vth; tl;b rk;ge;jkhd nfhLf;fy; thq;fypy; <Lgl;lhNuh mtUf;F ehd;
nghUg;ghdtdy;y. NkYk; xUtupd; Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUth; jz;bf;fg;gl
khl;lhh;. ,t;Tld;gbf;ifapd; gb elg;gjw;F my;yh`;Tk; mtdJ J}jUk; 76

my;yh`;tpd; fl;lis tUk; tiu - flikg;gl;lth;fshth;. NkYk; mth;fs; jq;fSf;F

kj;jpapy; vj;jifa mePjpAk; ,ioj;Jf;nfhs;shky; rPuhf ele;Jnfhs;Sk; tiuf;Fk;
,t;Tld;gbf;if eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk;."" (,g;D ]/j;> mj;jgfhJy; Fg;uh)
,t;Tld;gbf;ifapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s 'xUth; nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUth;
jz;bf;fg;gl khl;lhh;" vd;w fUj;J rpWghd;ikapdupy; xUtNuh my;yJ xU
rpyNuh ,iof;fpd;w Fw;wq;fSf;fhf KO r%fKNk jz;bf;fg;gl KbahJ vd;w jw;fhy
cyfj;jpw;F Njitahd gpujhdkhdnjhU mbg;gil Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ.
fhgph;fisf; nfhiy nra;AkhWk; mth;fis rpNefpjh;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;
vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLk; rl;l trdq;fis itj;J K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; K];ypky;yhjhUf;F
vj;jifa mq;fPfhuKk; ,y;iy. mth;fspd; caph;> clikfspd; ghJfhg;gpw;Ff; $l
vj;jifa cj;juthjKk; ,y;iy vd;W gpioahff; $wg;gLtJz;L. cz;ikapy; fhgph;fSld;
K];ypk;fspd;
Fwpj;j
epiyg;ghL
mth;fs;
'K`hupg;;"
vd
miof;fg;gLk;
,];yhj;jpdJk;>
K];ypk;fspdJk;
vjpupfshf>
mth;fSld;
NghuhLgth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;w epiyapy; khj;jpuNk mike;jpUg;gjhFk;. (ghh;f;f:
my; `yhy; ty; `uhk; gpy; ,];yhk;> A+]{g; my;fh;shtp> gf;fk;; 282)
vdNt ,e;epiyg;ghL tpjptpyf;fhdnjhd;whFk;. vy;yh rkaj;jth;fSlDk;>
,dj;jth;fSlDk; mth;fs; midtUk; my;yh`;tpd; FLk;gj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; vd;w
Nghjidapd; mbg;gilapy; rkhjhdkhf> RKfkhd cwTfis tsh;j;Jf;nfhz;L tho
Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,];yhj;jpd; vjph;g;ghh;g;ghFk;.
''vjphpfs; rkhjhdkhf tho tpUk;gpdhy; ePUk; mjw;F cld;gLtPuhf"" (8:61)
vd;gJ my;FHMdpd; %yk; my;yh`; egpath;fSf;F ,l;l fl;lisahFk;. K];ypk;fis
,k;rpf;fhj> mth;fSld; rkhjhdkhf tho;fpd;w fhgph;fSld; vt;thW ey;YwT
ghuhl;l
Ntz;Lnkd;gijAk;>
K];ypk;fis
,k;rpf;fpd;w
mth;fSf;nfjpuhf
NghuhLfpd;w
fhgph;fSlNdNa
cwTfis
Jz;bj;J>
Nkhjypy;
<Lgl
Ntz;Lnkd;gjidAk; gpd;tUk; my;FHMd; trdk; njspthf tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
''cq;fSf;F vjpuhf khh;f;f tplaj;jpy; Nghuhlhj> cq;fs; ,y;yq;fis tpl;Lk; cq;fis
ntspNaw;whjth;fSf;F ePq;fs; ed;ik nra;tjidAk; mth;fSf;F ePjp toq;FtjidAk;
my;yh`;
jilnra;atpy;iy.
epr;rakhf
my;yh`;
ePjp
nrYj;Jgth;fis
tpUk;Gfpwhd;. epr;rakhf vth; cq;fSf;nfjpuhf khh;f;f tplaj;jpy; Nghuhb
cq;fs; ,y;yq;fis tpl;Lk; cq;fis ntspNaw;wp> ePq;fs; ntspNaw;wg;gLtjw;F
cjtpAk; nra;jhh;fNsh mj;jifath;fis ePq;fs; Nerh;fshf Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjidj;jhd;
my;yh`; jLf;fpd;whd;."" (]_wh my; Kk;j`pdh: 8)
cz;ikapy;
,e;j
trdq;fs;
K];ypk;>
K];ypky;yhjhh;
cwT
gw;wp
tpsf;Ffpd;w ,];yhkpa rhrdkhf nfhs;sj;jf;fnjd;W mwpQH A+]{g; my;
fh;shtp Fwpg;gpLk; fUj;J Nehf;jf;jf;fjhFk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j my; FHMd; trdk;
K];ypk; my;yhjhUf;F ed;ik nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;gijf; Fwpg;gjw;F ngw;NwhUf;F
ed;ik
nra;jy;
vd;gjid
Fwpf;fpd;w
'gph;Ud;"
vd;w
nrhy;iy
gad;gLj;jpapUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. NkYk; ePjpahf elj;jy; vd;w fUj;ij jUk; 'mj;y;"
vd;w nrhy;iy gad;gLj;jhJ mjid tpl Mokhd nghUisj; jUk; 'fp];j;" vd;w gjk;
K];ypk;ky;yhjhUld;
ePjkhf
ele;Jnfhs;s
Ntz;Lnkd;gij
Fwpg;gjw;F

77

gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gijAk; mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. (ghh;f;f: my;`yhy; ty; `uhk;

gpy; ,];yhk;>A+]{g; my;fh;shtp> gf;fk; : 279)
cz;ikapy; vy;yh gpw kjj;jth;fSNk K];ypk;fspd; vjpupfs; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd;
epiyg;ghlhf ,Ug;gpd;> Ntjj;ijAilath;fspd; ngz;fis K];ypk;fs; jpUkzk;
Kbg;gjw;F ,];yhk; mDkjpia mspj;jpUf;f khl;lhjy;yth?! jpUkzk; vd;gJ gu];gu
md;G> tpRthrk;> ek;gpf;if Mfpa flg;ghLfis Ntz;b epw;gjhFk; vd;gJ
njupe;jNj. gpd;tUtd gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; Nfhl;ghLfSk; gpw rkaj;jth;fs;
gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; cld;ghlhd epiyg;ghl;Lf;F NkYk; tYT+l;Ltdthf
mike;Js;sd.
1.,iwtd; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghL
2.kdpjd; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghL
3.r%fk; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghL
cyfpy; cs;s midtUk;> midj;Jk; my;yh`;tpd; gilg;Gf;fs; vd;gJk;> my;yh`;Nt
vy;yh [PtuhrpfspdJk; gilg;ghsd; vd;gJk; ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilahdnjhU
Nfhl;ghlhFk;. ,e;j tifapy; K];ypk;fs;> fhgph;fs; midtUk; my;yh`;tpd;
FLk;gj;jth;fshf ,];yhj;jpd; ghh;itapy; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdh;. 'midj;Jg;
gilg;gpdq;fSk; my;yh`;tpd; FLk;gkhFk;" (Mjhuk;: K];dJy; g];]hh;) vd;gJ
egp (]y;) mth;fspd; `jP]hFk;. NkYk; kdpjh;fs; midtUk; gpwf;fpd;w NghJ
'gpj;uh" vd;w ,];yhj;ij Vw;Fk; jd;ikapy; gpwe;jth;fs; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd;
fUj;jhFk;.
r%fk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd;gb [hjp> Fy NtWghLfs;
ghuhl;lg;gLtjpy;iy. cah;[hjp (Masterrace) gw;wpa vz;zf;fUTk; ,];yhj;jpdhy;
epuhfupf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. vy;NyhUk; Xh; MzpypUe;Jk; ngz;zpypUe;Jk;
gilf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vd;w fUj;ij ,];yhk; Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. (ghh;f;f: my;FHMd; 4:1>
49:13) ,];yhj;jpd; ,j;jifa fz;Nzhl;lq;fspd; fhuzkhf K];ypk; r%fj;jpy;
thOfpd;w K];ypky;yhj rpWghd;ikapdUf;F vj;jifa ghFghLk; fhl;lKbahky;
Ngha;tpLfpwJ.
''xU r%fj;jpd; kPJs;s ntWg;ghdJ mth;fSld; ePq;fs; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;tjw;F
jilahf mikaf;$lhJ. ePq;fs; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mJ jf;thTf;F kpf
neUq;fpa epiyahFk;."" (5:8)
''mePjpapiof;fg;gl;ltdpd; gpuhh;j;jidiag; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> mtd; xU
fhgpuhf
,Ug;gpDk;
rupNa.
mjw;Fk;
my;yh`;Tf;FkpilNa
vj;jifa
jpiuAkpy;iy."" (Mjhuk;: K];dj; m`;kj;)vd;w `jP]{k; gpw r%fj;jth;fSld;
vg;NghJk; K];ypk;fs; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;tjw;F J}z;LNfhyhf mikfpd;wd.
gpwrkaj;jth;
njhlh;ghd
,];yhj;jpd;
Nkw;Fwpj;j
fUj;Jf;fs;
ve;jsT
J}uk; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; nray;gLj;jg;gl;ld vd;gJk; Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.

78

egpath;fs; jd; r%fj;jpy; tho;e;j gpwrkaj;jth;fSld; RKfkhd cwTfis

itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. `{idd; Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ ,];yhj;ij jOthj epiyapy; ,Ue;j ]
g;thd; ,g;D cikahtpd; cjtpia egpath;fs; ngw;whh;fs;. (Mjhuk; : ]
{dd; ]<j;)

`p[;uj;jpd; NghJ mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ciuf;fpj; vd;w K];ypky;yhjtiuNa

jdf;F topfhl;bahf njupT nra;jhh;fs;. (Mjhuk; : ]`P`{y; Gfhup)

xU A+juplk; egpath;fs; fld; ngw;w tuyhW kpfTk; gpugy;akhdJ

(Mjhuk;- Gfhup)

K];ypky;yhj kd;dh;fs; md;dhUf;F mDg;gp itj;j md;gspg;Gfis kdk;

cte;J Vw;Wf;nfhz;lik ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. (Mjhuk;: K];dj; m`;kj;>
]{ dDj;jph;kpjp)

xU rkaj;jpy; xU kuz CHtyj;ij fz;l egpath;fs; mjw;fhf vOe;J

epd;whh;fs;. mJ xU A+jdpd; kuz Ch;tyk; vd;W md;dhUf;F
nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. mjw;F md;dhh; 'mth; xU kdpj Md;kh ,y;iyah?" vd;W
gjpyspj;jhh;fs;. (Mjhuk;; : ]`P`{y; Gfhup)

ckh; (uop) mth;fs; jdJ ,Wjpf; fhyg; gFjpapy; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;:

'jpk;kpfshd gpwkjj;jtUld; ey;y Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;SkhWk;> mth;fSldhd
cld;gbf;ifia epiwNtw;WkhWk;> mth;fSf;fhf NghuhLkhWk;> mth;fspd;
rf;jpf;F Nky; mth;fs; kPJ nghWg;Gf;fis Rkj;jhjpUf;FkhWk; vd;id mLj;J tUk;
fyPghtpw;F ehd; cgNjrk; Gupfpd;Nwd;." (mG+A+]{g;> fpjhGy;fuh[;>
gf;fk;: 136> mG+ cigj;> fpjhGy; mk;thy;> gf;fk;:127)
fyPgh ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; mth;fs;> mjP ,g;D mh;jM vd;gtUf;F
mDg;gpitj;j xU epUgj;jpy; [p];ah tupia nrYj;Jtjw;F rf;jpAs;sth;fs; kPNj
mjid tpjpf;FkhWk; jpk;kpfspy; taJ Kjph;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf gytPdKw;W
ciog;gpy; <Lgl Kbahjth;fs; ,Ug;gpd;> mth;fSf;F igj;Jy; khypy; ,Ue;J
epjpAjtp toq;FkhWk; gzpj;jNjhL jdJ KbTf;F Mjhukhf gpd;tUk; rk;gtj;ijAk;
Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b vOjpdhh;fs;. xU Kiw ckh; (uop) mth;fs; tPL tPlhfr; nrd;W
ahrfk; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;j xU jpk;kp tNahjpgiuf; fz;lhh;fs;. mtiug; ghh;j;J
ckh; (uop) mth;fs; 'ckf;F ehk; ePjp nrYj;jtpy;iy. ckJ ,sikg;gUtj;jpy;
ck;kplk; ,Ue;J [p];ahitg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l ehk; ckJ tNahjpg gUtj;jpNyh ck;ik
guhkupf;fhJ tPNz tpl;L tpl;Nlhk;" vd;W $wp tpl;L igj;Jy; khypy; ,Ue;J
mtUf;F Njitg;gLk; epjpAjtpia toq;FkhW gzpj;jhh;fs;. (mG+ cigj;>
my;mk;thy;> gf;fk;:48)
Muk;g fhy ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy; tho;e;j K];ypky;yhj rpWghd;ikapdh; mr;r
%fj;jpy; vj;jifa ghJfhg;igAk; fhg;GWjpiaAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;gjw;F
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tplak; XH cah;e;j rhd;whFk;. md;iwa ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy;
tho;e;j K];ypky;yhjhUf;F tNahjpgk;> tWik> Neha;> gpw mdh;j;jq;fs;>
njhopypd;ik Nghd;w epiyikfspy; ,];yhkpa murpdhy; G+uz fhg;GWjp
79

toq;fg;gl;likia fhz Kbfpd;wJ. fhypj; ,g;Dy; tyPj; (uop) mth;fs; <uhf;fpd; xU

gpuNjrj;ij ifg;gw;wpaijaLj;J mth;fSld; nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w
gpd;tUk; tplak; Nkw;Fwpj;j fUj;Jf;F kw;WNkhh; MjhukhFk;.
'xU tNahjpgh; njhopy; nra;a Kbahj epiyia mile;Jtpl;lhy; my;yJ mtUf;F
NtW VNjDk; mdh;j;jk; epfo;e;J tpl;lhy; my;yJ nry;te;juuhf ,Ue;Jk; tWik
te;Jtpl;lhy;> ,e;epiyfspy; VNjDk; Vw;gl;L mtupd; rkaj;jth;fs; mtUf;F jh;kk;
toq;Ffpd;w epiy cUthfp ,Ue;jhy; mtuplkpUe;J [p];ah tup mwtplg;glkhl;lhJ.
khwhf> mtUf;F igJy;khypUe;J epjpAjtp toq;fg;gLk;." (mG+A+]{g;>
fpjhGy; fuh[;> gf;fk;: 155>156)
nghJthf
,];yhkpa
Ml;rpapy;
K];ypky;yhj
rpWghd;ikapdh;
kPJ
tpjpf;fg;gLfpd;w ,e;j [p];ah tupia itj;J rpyh; ,];yhj;ij tpkh;rpg;gJz;L. ,jid
cjhuzkhff; fhl;b ,];yhj;jpy; rpWghd;ikapdUf;Fupa ,lk; mspf;fg;gltpy;iy
vd;W $wg;gLtJKz;L. vdNt [p];ah tupiag; gw;wpa cz;ikahd gpd;dzpia ,q;F
rw;W Nehf;FtJ gaDs;sjhf mikAk;.
cz;ikapy; jpk;kpfspYs;s clyhNuhf;fpaKila> ciog;gpyPLgl;Ls;s Mz;fs; kPJ
khj;jpuNk [p];ah tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kjFUkhh;> rpwhh;fs;> ngz;fs;>
gytPdKw;w
tNahjpgh;fs;>
epue;ju
Nehahspfs;>
ciog;gpy;
<LglKbahjth;fs; Nghd;NwhUf;F [p];ah tpjpahtjpy;iy. (mG+A+]{g;>
fpjhGy; fuh[; gf;fk;: 131> 132) NkYk; [p];ah tupf;fhd njhif kpfTk;
Fiwe;jjhFk;. rf;jpAs;sth;fNs mjidr; nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkd;wpUg;gjdhy; mJ
vtUf;Fk; Rikahf ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. NkYk; rpWghd;ikapdh; ,];yhkpa muRf;F
nrYj;Jfpd;w kpff; Fiwe;jgl;r gq;fspg;ghfNt ,J mikfpd;wJ. ,NjNtisapy;
ngUk;ghd;ikapduhd K];ypk;fNsh ,jidtpl gy klq;F gq;fspg;Gf;fisr; nra;a
flikg;gl;bUf;fpd;whh;fs;. cjhuzkhf: ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; xU K];ypk;
nry;te;jdplk; xU kpy;ypad; &gha; ,Ue;jhy; mth; ,Ugj;J Iahapuk; &ghia ]
f;fhj;jhf ,];yhkpa muRf;F nrYj;j Ntz;b ,Uf;Fk;. mNj Ntisapy; mtupd; gf;fj;J
tPl;by; xU fpwp];jthplk; xU kpy;ypad; &gha; ,Ug;gpd; muRf;F [p];ah
tupahf
KOtUlj;jpw;Fkhd
48
&gha;fisNa
mth;
nrYj;jf;
flikg;gl;ltuhapUg;ghh;. mjhtJ xU K];ypk; ,];yhkpa murpw;F xU rpWghd;ik
,dj;ijr; Nrh;e;jtiu tpl Rkhh; 500 klq;fpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l njhifia nrYj;j
Ntz;batuhAs;shh;. (ghh;f;f: Nkw;gb E}y; gf;fk;:132) ,f;fUj;jpw;F gpd;tUk;
Nkw;Nfhs; Mjhukhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
''trjpAilath;
48
jph;`q;fisAk;>
kj;jpkkhdth;
24
jph;`q;fisAk;>
NjitAilatuhf ,Uf;fpd;w ifj;njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;sth; 12 jph;`q;fisAk; [p];ahthf
toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,j;njhif tUlhtUlk; ngwg;gLk;"" (Nkw;gb E}y;> gf;fk;:132)
jpk;kpfs;> ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; ,];yhkpa gpurhuj;jpy; <LgLkhNwh>
[p`hjpy; fye;J nfhs;SkhNwh ,tw;wpw;fhf gz cjtpfs; toq;FkhNwh
Ntz;lg;gLtjpy;iy. mth;fspd; kjr; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd cj;juthjkhf ,J mikfpd;wJ.
,r;rYiffSf;F XusT gpujpaPlhfTk; [p];ah tup mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. K];ypKila
ciog;G> caph;> nghUs;> jpahfk; Kjyhdtw;wpw;F Kd;dhy; xU jpk;kp
toq;Ffpd;w rpy &gha;fs; vd;d ngWkjpAilajhf ,Uf;f KbAk;?! NkYk; jpk;kpfs;
80

Rje;jpukhf tptrhaj;jpYk; gpw th;j;jf thzpg njhopy; eltbf;iffspYk;

<Lgl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy;> K];ypk; K[h`pj;fNsh ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G
eltbf;ifapy; capiu gzak; itj;J <Lgl;bUg;ghh;fs;. mth;fspd; ,j;jpahfj;jpd;
fhuzkhfNt jpk;kpfsJ nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; ,ilepWj; jg;glhkYk; ,og;Gf;fisr;
re;jpf;fhkYk; ,yhgfukhf miktjw;F topNaw;gLfpwJ. ,j;jifa ghJfhg;gpw;fhf
Ml;rpapd; nryTfSf;fhf xU rpW njhifia gq;fspg;Gr; nra;tJ vy;yh tifapYk;
epahakhdNj.
,];yhj;ij tpkh;rpf;Fk; kw;Wk; rpyh;> [p];ah nry;tj;jpw;fhd tupahf md;wp>
jiyfSf;fhd tupahf mike;Js;sNjhL> jpk;kp jdpegh;fs; khj;jpuNk ,jid nrYj;j
Ntz;bAk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. K];ypk;fSf;F ,j;jifanjhU tup ,y;yhikapdhy; ,t;tikg;G
rpWghd;ikapdUf;F vjpuhf ,iof;fg;gLk; XH mePjp vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdh;.
cz;ikapy; ,f;Fw;wr;rhl;L Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jf;fjy;y. Vnddpy;> ,J Nghd;w jiyfs;
kPjhd xU tup K];ypk;fs; kPJk; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJNt ]fhJy; gpj;h; MFk;. ,jid
K];ypk; Mz;> ngz;> rpwpNahh;> ngupNahh;> Rje;jpukhdth;> mbikfs;>
MNuhf;fpaKilNahh;> Nehahspfs;> ciog;gpy; <LgLk; rf;jpAs;Nshh;>
rf;jpaw;Nwhh; midtUk; - nghWg;ghsh; ,jid nrYj;Jk; rf;jp ngw;wtuhf ,Uf;Fk;
epiyapy; - epiwNtw;WtJ flikahFk;. Mdhy; [p];ahNth ciof;Fk; rf;jp ngw;w
taJ te;j Mz;fSf;F khj;jpuNk tpjpahf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,];yhk; jdJ epoypy; thOk; rpWghd;ikapdUf;F Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cupikfSld;
mth;fspd; czT> cil> ciwAs;> thfdk; Kjyhd Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhLf;Fk;
flg;ghl;ilAk; nghWg;Ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. ,j;Njitfs; vt;thW ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy;
epiwthf G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld vd;gjw;F Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cjhuzq;fNs
NghJkhd rhd;Wfshf mikAk;.
,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; rpWhgd;ikapdUf;F ve;jsT J}uk; kjr; Rje;jpuk;
toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJk; ,q;Nf Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. ckh; (uop) Fj;]; gpuNjr
fpwp];jth;fSf;F toq;fpa Rje;jpuk; gw;wp ,khk; jgup gpd;tUkhW
tpsf;Ffpd;whh;:
'mth;fsJ Njthyaq;fspy; vtUk; FbapUf;fyhfhJ> mit mopf;fg;glf; $lhJ>
mtw;wpd; vg;gFjpAk; cilf;fg;glyhfhJ" vd ckh; (uop) mth;fs; Rw;WepUgk;
xd;iw mDg;gpajhf mth; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. (Mjhuk;: mj;jgup) NkYk; ckh;
(uop) mth;fs; Fj;]; gpuNjrj;jpw;F nrd;wpUe;j Ntisapy; mq;fpUe;j kpfg;
ngupa fpwp];jt Njthyaj;jpw;F nrd;whh;fs;. mth;fs; mq;fpUf;Fk;
re;jh;g;gj;jpy; m]h; njhOifia epiwNtw;w Ntz;bNaw;gl;l NghjpYk;>
md;dhh; mj;Njthyaj;jpy; njhOif epiwNtw;w kWj;J tpl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs;
njhOjij fhuzq;fhl;b gpw;fhy K];ypk;fs; mjid xU k];[pjhf khw;wp tpLth;
vdg; gae;jjpdhy; jhd; mth;fs; mt;thW ele;J nfhz;lhh;fs;.
NkYk; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; NghJ K];ypky;yhNjhh; Njthyaq;fis Gjpjhf
eph;khzpf;fTk; ngUehl;fis nfhz;lhlTk; G+uz mDkjp toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
jpUehl;fspd; NghJ fpwp];jth;fs; rpYitfisAk;> nkYFth;j;jpfisAk; Rke;J nfhz;L
,];yhkpa efuq;fspd; tPjpfspy; CHtyk; nry;NthuhfTk; ,Ue;jdh;.

81

fpwp];jth;fshf ,Ue;j e[;uhd; J}Jf;FO xd;W egp (]y;) mth;fis re;jpf;f te;j
NghJ mth;fis gs;spthaypy; itj;Nj egpath;fs; tuNtw;W cgrupj;jNjhL
mth;fspd; tzf;fq;fis k];[pjpd; xU gf;fj;jpy; epiwNtw;wTk; Vw;ghL nra;J
nfhLj;jhh;fs;. (Mjhuk;: ]PuJ ,g;D ,];`hf;) ',];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; khj;jpuNk
k];[pJfSk;> Njthyaq;fSk; mUfUNf ,Ue;jd" vd;w fyhepjp K];jgh ]pgh<apd;
fUj;J ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
'rl;lj;jpd; Kd; ahtUk; rkNk" vd;gJ rl;lj;Jiwapy; ,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;ifahf
khj;jpukd;wp mJ> mjpraj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;likiaAk; fhz
Kbfpd;wJ. \hPM rl;lkhdJ [hjp> kj Ngjq;fisNah> r%f> nghUshjhu
Vw;wj;jho;TfisNah ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shjJ. NkYk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhy; K];ypk;fs;>
K];ypky;yhjth;fs; midtUk; rkkhfNt elhj;jg;gLthh;fs;. xU A+jd; kPJ jpUl;Lf;
Fw;wr; rhl;L Rkj;jg;gl;l NghJ mtd; epuguhjp vd;gjid tpsf;fp my;FHMd;
trdq;fNs ,wf;fg;gl;ld. (ghh;f;f: 4:105-109)
fyPgh myp (uop) mth;fspd; Nflaj;ij jpUba me;epa kjj;jtUf;nfjpuhd
Fw;wr;rhl;il Nghjpa rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhjjpdhy; ePjpgjp \{iu`; epuhfupj;J tof;if
js;Sgb nra;j tuyhw;iwAk; ,q;F Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
NkYk; ,];yhkpa \hPM rl;lj;jpd; gb gpw rkaj;jth;fs; jkJ jdpg;gl;l tptfhuq;fis
jq;fspd; jdpahh; rl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g jPHkhdpj;Jf;nfhs;s G+uz mDkjp
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU tplak; ,];yhj;jpy; jilnra;ag;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; mth;fsJ
rkaj;jpy;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;
mjid
nra;tjw;F
mth;fs;
cupik
cilath;fshth;. ePjpkd;wk; mth;fspd; jdpahh; rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
mth;fspd; gpur;rpidfis jPHj;J itf;Fk;. egp (]y;) mth;fsJ fhyk; cl;gl ,];yhkpa
Ml;rpahsh;fs; midtuJ fhyq;fspYk; ,k;Kiw filgpbf;fg;gl;ljid fhzyhk;.

]_wh my;gyj;
my; gyj;|vd toq;fg;gLk; my;FHMd; mj;jpahak; 20 trdq;fisf; nfhz;l
kf;fhtpy; ,wq;fpa xd;whFk;.
,e;j rpwpa ]_wh kdpj tho;T gw;wpa mbg;gilahd rpy cz;ikfis tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

82

]_whtpd; Muk;g trdq;fs;> rpytw;wpd; kPJ rj;jpak; nra;tjhf mike;Js;sd.

''(my;yh`;thfpa) ehd; ,e;j Cupd; kPJ rj;jpak; nra;fpd;Nwd;."||
,J ]_whtpd; Kjy; trdkhFk;.
,q;F ',e;j CH"|vd;gJ kf;fhitf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.mjd; kPJ rj;jpak; nra;jjd; %yk;
,iwtd; mjd; Gdpjj;Jtj;ijAk; kfj;Jtj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;whd;. ug;Gy; MykPd;
mjd; kPJ rj;jpak; nra;AksTf;F mJ fz;zpaj;Jf;FupaJ vd;gJ czHj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
cz;ikapy;> kf;fh efuk; GdpjkhdJjhd;. Vndd;why; mq;Fjhd; kf;fSf;F
GfoplKk; ghJfhg;Gk; toq;ff;$ba cyfpd; Kjy; ,iwapy;ykhk; my;k];[pJy; `uhk;
mike;Js;sJ. mq;F EioAk; kdpjHfs; khj;jpukd;wp mq;Fk; mijr; #oTKs;s kuk;
kl;ilfs;> gwitfs;> kpUfq;fs; cl;gl midj;J capupdq;fSk; ghJfhg;G ngw;witahf
,Uf;Fk;. ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk;
,e;j
,y;yk;
fhgpHfspdJk;
K];ypk;fspdJk;
,g;wh`Pk;> ,];kh<y; MfpNahupdhy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;ljhFk;.

je;ijfshd

'egpNa ePq;fs; ,e;j Cupy; ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; ,e;j Cupd; kPJ ehd; rj;jpak;
nra;fpd;Nwd;."|vd mikfpd;wJ mLj;j trdk;.
,q;F my;yh`; jdJ mbahUk; J}jUkhd K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfis nfsutpf;fpd;whd;.
md;dhH kf;fhtpy; ,Ug;gjhdJ mjd; fz;zpaj;ijAk; rpwg;igAk; NkYk; $l;Ltjhf
mikfpd;wJ vdf; $Wfpd;whd;.
,t;trdk; md;W jk;ik my;k];[pJy; `uhkpd; - f/gJy;yhtpd; fhtyHfs; vd;Wk;>
ehq;fs; ,];kh<ypd; re;jjpfs;> ,g;wh`Pkpd; kjj;jtHfs; vd;Wk; $wpf; nfhz;L
egp (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; mtHfis Vw;W tho;e;j K];ypk;fSf;Fk; nfhLikfs; Gupe;J
nfhz;bUe;j kf;fj;J fhgpHfSf;F nfhLj;j xU ngUk; mbahfTk; mike;jJ.

vz;zq;fSk; nray;fSk;
egpfshh; (]y;) mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhh;fs;:

83

'nray;fs; ahTk; vz;zq;fisg; nghWj;Nj mikAk;. xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fk; mtd; ehbaNj

chpj;jhFk;.
vtDila
`p[;uj;
my;yh`;Tf;fhfTk;
mtdJ
w]{Yf;fhfTk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lNjh> mtdJ `p[;uj; my;yh`;Tf;fhfTk; mtdJ w]{Yf;fhfTk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhFk;."
ckh; (wop) mwptpf;fpd;w ,e; egpnkhop ]p`h`; ]pj;jh vd toq;fg;gLk; MW
`jP]; fpue;jq;fspYk; gjpthfpAs;s kpfg; gpugy;ak; tha;e;j ]`P`hd xU
`jP]hFk;. ,e;j `jP]pd; rpwg;igg; gy ,khk;fs; Gfoe;Jiuj;Js;sdh;.
'`jP];fspy; ,jidtplg; nghUslf;fkpf;f fUj;Jr; nrwpTs;s> $ba gaDs;s NtnwhU>
`jP]; ,y;iy" vd mG+ cigjh (wop) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
',e; egpnkhop mwptpd; %d;wpnyhU gFjpia mlf;fpAs;sJ" vd ,khk;fshd
\hgp<> m`;kj; gpd; `d;gy;> mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; k`;jp> myp ,g;Dy;
kjdp> mG+jhT+j;> my;-jhuFj;dp Nghd;Nwhh; fUJfpd;wdh;.
'`jP]{d;dpa;ah`; vdg;gLk; ,e;egpnkhop> rl;lj;Jiwapd; vOgJ gFjpfspy;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ" vd ,khk; \hgp< Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
,e;egpnkhopapy; ,Ue;Nj 'nray;fs; midj;Jk; Nehf;fq;fSld; njhlh;Gilad" vd;w
mbg;gil ,];yhkpar; rl;ltpjp ngwg;gl;Ls;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
cz;ikapy;> ,];yhk; nray;fspd; ngWkjpia vg;NghJk; mtw;wpw;fhd
cs;Nehf;fq;fisAk;> ce;jw;fhuzpfisAk; itj;Nj jPh;khdpf;fpd;wJ: midj;Jr;
nray;fSk;
J}a;ikahd
Nehf;fj;Jld;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd
vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wJ. ey;y Nehf;fj;Jld; nra;ag;gLfpd;w vr;nraiyAk; cah;e;j
,ghjj;jhf ,];yhk; fUJfpd;wJ. mJ KOf;f cNyhfhajk; rhh;e;jnjhd;whf ,Ug;gpDk;
rhpNa. mNj Neuj;jpy; J}a;ikaw;w vz;zj;NjhL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w
nray;fs; cah;e;j ,ghjj;Jfshf ,Ug;gpDk; $l> mit mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhkw; NghtJ
khj;jpukpd;wp> ed;ikiaAk; ew;$ypiaAk; mspg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhfg; ghtj;ijAk;
jz;lidiaAk; jUtdthf mike;J tpLk;. kdpj r%fj;Jf;F ed;ik nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w J}a
vz;zj;Jld; xU fl;llj;ijf; fl;LtJk; tptrhaj;jpy; <LgLtJk; $l Nkyhd ed;ikiaj; juf;
$ba ,ghjj;jhf khwptpLfpd;wJ.
egpfshh; (]y;) mth;fs; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;: 'mepahak; nra;Ak;
Nehf;fNkh mj;JkPWk; Nehf;fNkh ,d;wp vtnuhUth; xU fl;llj;ijf; fl;bdhNuh
my;yJ xU gapiu el;lhNuh mjidf; nfhz;L u`;khDila gilg;Gfs; ed;ikailAk;
fhynky;yhk; mtUf;F epiyahd ew;$yp fpilj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;." (m`;kj;)
NkYk; $wpdhh;fs;: 'xU K];ypk; el;l gaphpypUe;J xU gwitNah kdpjNdh
kpUfNkh rhg;gpLk;NghJ mJ mtUf;F jh;kkhf mikAk;." (K];ypk;)
Nehf;fk; J}a;ikahf mike;JtpLk;NghJ xUth; jdJ clypr;iriaj; jPHj;Jf;nfhs;tJ$l
tzf;fkhf khwptpLfpd;wJ. jdJ fw;igAk; khh;f;fj;ijAk; ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;
Nehf;fj;Jld; jdJ ,y;yhSld; clYwT nfhs;tijAk; ,];yhk; ,ghjj; vdf; $Wfpd;wJ.
'cq;fspy; xUth; jdJ kidtpAld; clYwT nfhs;tJk; ]jf;fhthFk;." (K];ypk;). jdJ
84

kidtpkf;fSf;fhf ciog;gJk; cztspg;gJk; $l ,t;thNw fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. 'my;yh`;Tila

jpUKfj;ij ehb eP Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w xt;nthU nryTk;> cdJ kidtpapd; thapy;
itf;fg;gLfpd;w czTf; ftsk; Nghd;witAk; $l cdf;F ew;$ypiaj; jUk;." (Gfhhp)
'cdf;F eP cztspj;jJk; cdf;F jh;kkhFk;. cdJ Foe;ijf;F eP cztspj;jJk; cdf;F
jh;kkhFk;. cdJ kidtpf;F cztspj;jJk; cdf;F jh;kkhFk;." (m`;kj;)
xU ew;fhhpaj;ijr; nra;aNtz;Lnkd;w fyg;gw;w vz;zkpUe;J> mjidr; nra;a
Kbahkw;NghdhYk; mjw;Fhpa ed;ikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. xU Aj;jj;jpd;
NghJ ehafk; (]y;) mth;fs; jk;NkhL nrd;w gilia Nehf;fp fPo;tUkhW
$wpdhh;fs;: 'ehk; kjPdhtpNy rpyiu tpl;Ltpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ehk; xU
fzthapy; EioapDk;> xU gs;sj;jhf;iff; flg;gpDk; mq;nfy;yhk; (vkf;Ff;
fpilf;Fk; $ypapy;) mth;fSk; vk;Kld; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. eph;g;ge;jk; mth;fis
vk;Kld; tuhJ jLj;jtpl;lJ."
rpyNtis Nehf;fq;fSk; vz;zq;fSk; J}a;ikaw;witahf mikAk;NghJ tzf;f
topghLfs; gadw;Wg; NghtJ kl;Lkd;wp> ghtfukhditahfTk; khwptpLfpd;wd.
'jq;fs; njhOifapy; guhKfkhf ,Uf;Fk; njhOifahspfSf;Ff; NfLjhd;. mth;fs;
[dq;fSf;Ff; fhz;gpf;fNt njhOfpd;wdh;." (my;-FHMd;)
XH cah;e;j ,ghj;jhd njhOif ,q;F Kf];Jjpapd; fhuzkhf ngUk; Fw;wr; nrayhf
khwptpLtijf; fhzyhk;. 'mw;g Kf];JjpAk; \ph;f;fhFk;." (my;-`jP];)
xUKiw xUth; egpfshhplk; te;J my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu> 'ehd; jhdjh;kk;
nra;fpd;Nwd;> ,d ge;Jj; njhlh;ig ,Wf;fkhf itj;Js;Nsd;. ,tw;iwnay;yhk;
my;yh`;Tf;fhfNt nra;fpd;Nwd;> MapDk;> vdJ ,e;ew;nray;fs; gw;wpg;
gpu];jhgpf;fg;gLk; NghJ ehd; kdkfpo;tJz;L. kf;fs; vd;Dila nray;fisg;
gw;wpf; fijg;gijAk; ehd; tpUk;gNt nra;fpd;Nwd;" vd;whh;> egpfshh;
gjpy; $whJ nksdk; rhjpj;jhh;fs;. mg;NghJ fPo;tUk; kiwtrdk; ,wq;fpaJ:
''vth; jd;Dila ,iwtidr; re;jpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;whNuh> mth; ew;fUkq;fisr; nra;J.
jd; ,iwtDf;F xUtiuAk; ,izitf;fhJ (mtidNa) tzq;fp tuTk;."" (18:110)
mwpTj; Jiwapy; <LgLNthh; $ba kdj; J}a;ikAld; ele;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
ngUikf;fhfTk; GfOf;fhfTk; mwpitj; NjLtJk; mjidg; gpwUf;Fg; Gfl;LtJk;
ngUk; Fw;wkhFk;. 'my;yh`;Tila jpUg;nghUj;jj;jpw;fhfNt Njlg;gl Ntz;ba
mwpit cyf ed;ik xd;iwg; ngWk; Nehf;fj;Jld; xUth; fw;whuhapd;> mth;
kWikapy; Rtdj;jpd; thiliaf; $l Efukhl;lhh;." (mG+jhT+j;)'mwpQHfs;
kj;jpapy; ngUikabg;gjw;fhfNth> kilah;fis tpthjj;jpy; ntw;wpnfhs;sNth>
rigfspy; Kd;Dhpik ngwNth mwpitf; fw;fhjPHfs;. mt;thW ele;Jnfhs;NthUf;F
eufNk chpj;jhFk;." (,g;D kh[h)
J}a vz;zkpd;wp kiyasT ew;fUkq;fs; Ghptijtplj; J}a vz;zj;Jld; nra;ag;gLk;
mw;g nrhw;g nray;fs; kdpjDf;Fg; NghJkhditahFk;. 'J}a;ikAld; ele;Jnfhs;.
mg;NghJ Fiwe;j nray;fs; cdf;Fg; NghJkhdjhFk;." (my; `hfpk;)

85

ey;y Nehf;fj;Jld; nra;Ak; vr;nraYk; ed;ik mspf;Fk; vDk;NghJ>

ghtq;fisAk; ,];yhk; mDkjpf;fpd;wJ> vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhs;syhfhJ> Nehf;fq;fs;
vt;thsT GdpjkhapDk; ghtq;fs; ghtq;fNs> ,jdhy;jhd; 'ed;Ndhf;fk; `uhj;ij
epahag;gLj;jhJ" vd;w rl;l tpjp tFf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,];yhk; jd;Dila ,yl;rpaj;ijg;
Gdpjkhff; fUJtJ NghyNt mjid miltjw;fhd topfSk; Gdpjkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w
tplaj;jpy; fz;bg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
'`uhkhd topapy; cioj;j nry;tj;ij xUtd; jh;kk; nra;jhy; mJ mtDf;F ew$ypiaf;
nfhLf;fhJ> khwhf> ghtNk fpl;Lk;." (,g;D `{i]kh> ,g;D `pg;ghd;> my;
`hfpk;)
'XH mbahd; jhd; cioj;j `uhkhd nry;tj;ij jh;kk; nra;jhy; mJ mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl
khl;lhJ. mjidr; nryT nra;jhy; mjpy; guf;fj; Vw;glhJ. jdf;Fg; gpd;dhy; mjid
tpl;Lr;nrd;why; mJ mtid eufj;jpd;ghy; nfhz;L nry;fpd;w fl;Lr; rhjkhfNt
mikAk;." (K];dj; m`;kj;)
ew;fhhpaq;fisNa nra;a Ntz;Lk;> mtw;iwj; J}a;ikAld; my;yh`;Tf;fhf vd;w
fyg;gw;w
vz;zj;Jld;
nra;aNtz;Lk;>
mg;nghOJjhd;
,iwj;jpUg;jpiag;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
',iwtDila fyg;gw;w khh;f;fj;ijNa gpd;gw;wp> (kw;w khh;f;fq;fisg;)
Gwf;fzpj;J> my;yh`; xUtidNa tzq;fp> njhOifiaAk; filg;gpbj;J> ]fhj;Jk;
nfhLj;J tUkhNwad;wp (NtW vJTk; ,j;J}jh; %yk;) Vtg;gltpy;iy; ,Jjhd;
epiyahd khh;f;fk;" (98:5)

egpfshh; kPJ ngha;Aiuj;jy;

86

egpfshh; (]y;) mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhh;fs;:

'mwpe;Jnfhz;Nl vth; vd;kPJ kdKuz;lhfg; ngha;Aiuf;fpd;whNuh> mth; jdf;Fhpa
,lj;ij eufkhf Mf;fpf;nfhs;sl;Lk;."
`jP]; Ma;thsh;fs; ,jid kpfTk; gyk; kpf;f egpnkhopfspnyhd;whff;
fUJfpd;wdh;. `jP];fspy; kpfj;jukhd 'Kjthj;jph;" vd;w gphptpy; ,jid
mlf;Ffpd;wdh;. mWgjpw;Fk; mjpfkhd egpj;Njhoh;fs; mwptpj;j xNu
`jP]hfTk;> Rth;f;fj;ijf; nfhz;L ed;khuhak; $wg;gl;l gjpd;kUk; ,ize;jwptpj;j
xNu `jP]hfTk; ,J fUjg;gLfpd;wik ,e;j `jP]pd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. ,khk;fshd
Gfhhp> K];ypk; Mfpa ,UtUk; ,e;j `jPi]j; jj;jkJ fpue;jq;fspy; gjpT
nra;Js;sikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
,iwJ}jh; (]y;) mth;fs;kPJ ngha;ahfg; Gide;Jiug;gJ (Nghyp `jP];fis
mwptpg;gJ) kpfg; ngUk; ghtkhFk; vd;w cz;ikiaNa ,e;j `jP]; tpsf;fp
epw;fpd;wJ. cz;ikapy;> egpfshh; (]y;) kPJ ngha;Aiug;gJ my;yh`;kPJ
ngha;Aiug;gNjahFk;. 'md;dhh; jkJ ,\;lg;gb vjidAk; $Wtjpy;iy. mth;
NgRtnjy;yhk; t`pahfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ." (53:3-4) ,e;j tifapy; ,iwJ}jh; (]y;) $whj
xd;iwf; $Wgth;> ,iwtd; jd; J}jUf;Ff; $whj xd;iwf; $Wfpd;w xUtuhff;
fUjg;gLthh;. ,J t`papd; J}a;ikf;F vjpuhd ghuJ}ukhd tuk;G kPwyhFk;.
,j;jifNahiug; gw;wpNa ,iwtd; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;:
'fw;gidf;F my;yh`;tpd; kPJ ngha; $wp> ahNjhh; MjhuKkpd;wpNa kf;fis
topnfLg;Nghidtpl mf;fpukf;fhud; ahh;? epr;rakhf; my;yh`; ,j;jifa mf;fpukf;fhu
kf;fis Neuhd topapy; nrYj;Jtjpy;iy." (6:144)
vdNtjhd; ngha;ahd `jP];fisf; $Wtijg; ngUk; ghtq;fspy; kpfg; ngUk; ghtkhf
,];yhkpa mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. ,khKy; `uikd; (w`;) mth;fspd;
je;ijahd ,khk; mG+ K`k;kj; my; [{idtdp (w`;)> mwpe;j epiyapy;
mz;zyhh; kPJ ngha;nrhy;gth; fhgph; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
ngha;ahd `jP];fis mwptpj;jth;fsJ njsgh mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLkh vd;w
tplaj;jpy; ,khk;fs; kj;jpapy; fUj;J Kuz;ghL epyTfpd;wJ. ngUk;ghyhd
mwpQHfs;> ,j;jifath;fspd; Kiwahd njsgh mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl KbAk; vdf; fUj;Jf;
nfhz;bUg;gpDk;> gy mwpQHfs; ,jw;F khw;wkhd fUj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
Fwpg;ghf> ,khk;fshd m`;kj; ,g;D `d;gy;> ,khk; Gfhhpapd; Mrphpah;
mG+gf;fh; my; `{ikjp> ,khk; mG+gf;h; m];i]ugp Nghd;NwhUk; ,d;Dk;
gy Kf;fpa \hgp< kj;`gpd; Muk;gfhy mwpQHfSk; ,j;jifa kdpjdpd; njsghit
mq;fPfhpf;f KbahJ vd;Wk;> mthpd; ve;j mwptpg;igAk; Vw;fKbahnjd;Wk;
jPHf;fkhff; $Wfpd;wdh;.
rl;lq;fSld; njhlh;gw;w 'goh,y;" vdg;gLk; mky;fs; gw;wpa rpwg;Gfs;
njhlh;ghd tplaq;fspy; Nghyp `jP];fis (kf;fSf;F 'jPdpy;" MiriaAk; MHtj;ijAk;
Cl;Lk; Nehf;fpy;) Fwpg;gplyhnkdf; fUJk; xU $l;lj;jpdh; ,];yhkpa
tuyhw;wpy; ,Ue;J te;Js;sdh;. ,th;fis 'fuhkpahf;fs;" vd;W miog;gh;.

87

MapDk;> vt;tplaj;jpYk; ,iwJ}jh;kPJ ngha; ciug;gJ ngUk; ghtk; vd;gNj

cz;ikahFk;. ,JNt> ,khk;fspd; ',[;khc" vdg;gLk; VNfhgpj;j KbthFk;.
,];yhk; cyfpy; epiyngw> ngha;ah;fspd; Njit ,iwtDf;Fk; mtdJ J}jUf;Fk;
,Ue;jpUf;f Kbahjy;yth? md;wp> ,iwJ}jh; nrhy;yhjtw;iwr; nrhy;y Ntz;ba
epiy Vw;gl md;dhh; khh;f;fj;ij vj;jpitg;gjpy; Fiw nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lky;yth?
rhjhuz kf;fs; tplaj;jpy; ngha;Aiug;gijNa ngUk; ghtkhff; fUJk; ,];yhk;>
t`piag; NgRfpd;w> \hPmj;ijf; $Wfpd;w egp kPJ ngha;Aiug;gij vq;Nf
mDkjpf;fg; Nghfpd;wJ! ,jdhy;jhd; xU Nghyp `jPi]> mJ NghypahdJ vd;gij
mwpe;Jnfhz;L mjidf; $WtJ `uhkhFnkd;Wk;. mj;jifa `jPn]hd;iwf; Fwpg;gpl
Ntz;b Vw;gbd;> mjd; cz;ik epiyia kf;fSf;Fj; njspTgLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;Wk;
mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. ,d;Nwy; ,j;jifa kdpjUk; ehk; tpsf;f vLj;j
`jP]py; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s jz;lidf;F Mshf NehpLtJld;> w]{y; (]y;) mth;fs;kPJ
ngha;Aiuj;jth;fspd;
gl;baypy;
,tUk;
mlq;Fthnud;Wk;
mth;fs;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
vdNt> `jP];fis mwptpf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; mjpf NgZjNyhL ele;Jnfhs;s
Ntz;baJk;> gpwh; nrhy;yf; Nfl;Fk;nghOJ mtjhdj;NjhL ,Ug;gJk; kpf
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

88

fypkh nkhopgth; kPJ tpjpahFk; flikfs;

w]{Yy;yh`p (]y;) mth;fs; gfh;e;jhh;fs;:
'vth; csj;J}a;ikAld; yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`; vd nkhopfpd;whNuh mth; Rth;f;fk;
Eiothh;."
Mjhuk; : my; g];]hh;> mj;jguhdp.
mwptpg;gth;: mG+ ]<j; my; Fj;hp
(,Nj fUj;jpy; rpy tpj;jpahrq;fSld; Nkw;gb `jP]; Gfhhp> K];ypk; cl;gl ,d;Dk;
gy fpue;jq;fspYk; gjpag;gl;Ls;sJ.)
,d;iwa K];ypk;fshy; jtwhfg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s `jP];fspy; ,JTk;
xd;whFk;. ntWkNd yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`; vd;W nkhoptJ xUtiur; Rth;f;fj;jpy;
Eioj;JtpLk; vd;w fUj;ijNa ,d;W gyh; ,e;j `jP]pd; %yKk; ,jid xj;j fUj;jpy; te;j
rpy `jP];fs; %yKk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy;> w]{y; (]y;) mth;fs; ,e;j
`jPi] ,f;fUj;jpy; $wtpy;iy vd;gJ khj;jpuk; cz;ikahFk;. mNj Nghd;W ]
`hghf;fNsh> gpw;fhyj;jpy; te;j ,khk;fNsh> cykhf;fNsh ,e;egpnkhopf;F
Nkw;Nghe;j fUj;ijf; nfhs;stpy;iy vd;gJk; cz;ikNa.
,e;j `jP]pd; cz;ikf;fUj;ij tpsf;f te;j mwpQH ,g;Dy; Kd;jphp fPo;tUkhW
$Wfpwhh;: 'NguwpQh;fs; gyh; 'yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;" vd;W $wpath; Rth;f;fk;
Eiothh; my;yJ eufk; mth; kPJ `uhkhfptpLk;" vd;w fUj;jpy; te;Js;s `jP];fs;
midj;Jk;
cz;ikapy;>
,];yhkpag;
gpurhuj;jpd;
Muk;gf;fl;lj;jpy;
nrhy;yg;gl;litnad;Wk;> mr;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ,];yhkpaf; flikfs; mKYf;F
te;jpUf;f tpy;iy vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdh;. NkYk;> flikfSk;> rl;lq;fSk; te;jijj;
njhlh;e;J> Fwpg;gpl;l `jP];fs; uj;J (e];f;) nra;ag;gl;ld vd;w fUj;ijAk;
njhptpf;fpd;wdh;. ,f; fUj;Jf;F Vuhskhd Mjhuq;fisAk; cjhuzq;fisAk; fhzyhk;.
mo;o`;`hf;> m];]{`;hp> ]{gpahD]; ]t;hp Nghd;w ,khk;fs; ,f;fUj;ijNa
nfhz;Ls;sdh;. (Kf;fpa jhgp<d;fspy; xUtuhd ]<j; ,g;Dy; Ki]apg; vd;gtuJ
fUj;Jk; ,JNt vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ).
,d;Dk; rpy mwpQHfs;> ,e;j `jP];;fs; uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;L tpl;ld vd;W
nrhy;yNtz;ba mtrpak; fpilahJ vd;Wk;> 'yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`; K`k;kJH w]
{Yy;yh`;" vd;w trdq;fisf; nfhz;l njs`Pjpd; thh;j;ijfis Vw;W> rhl;rp gfh;tNj
'jPdp"d; mbg;gilfisAk; flikfisAk; Vw;Wr; nray;gLtij Ntz;b epw;fpwJ
vd;Wk;> \`hjj; (rhl;rpak;) G+Hj;jpailtJ ,tw;iw Vw;W elg;gjpy;jhd;
jq;fpAs;sJ vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdh;.
89

'xUth; fypkhit Vw;W> jPdpd; flikfspy; xd;iw epuhfhpj;J> nra;ahJ tpl;lhy;

my;yJ mrl;ilapd; fhuzkhf vLj;J elf;fhtpl;lhy; mtiu ehk; fhgph; vd;Nghk;;
Rth;f;fj;jpy; Eioakhl;lhnudj; jPHg;G toq;FNthk;." (,t;tplaj;jpy; fUj;J
Kuz;ghL cz;nld;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.)
,it jtpu mwpQH ,g;Dy; Kd;jphp> Fwpg;gpl;l `jP];fspd; ntspg;gilahd
fUj;ij> mtw;wpd; cz;ikg; nghUshff; nfhs;sKbahJ vd;gjw;Fk; gy Mjhuq;fisf;
fhl;Lfpwhh;.
,khk; my;`]Dy; g]hp ,e;j `jP];fs; rk;ge;jkhf tpj;jpahrkhd xU fUj;ijj;
njhptpj;Js;shh;:
',e;j
`jP];fs;
nghJg;gilahfTk;
NkNyhl;lkhfTk;
$wg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mtw;Wf;F tpsf;fKk; tpahf;fpahdKk; nfhLf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tifapy; vth; fypkhit nkhope;J> mjw;Fhpa chpikiaAk; flikiaAk;
epiwNtw;WfpwhNuh mth; Rth;f;fk; Eiofpwhh; my;yJ eufk; mth;kPJ
`uhkhfptpl;lJ" vd;gjhFk;.
'\`hjj; (rhl;rp gfuy;) vd;w nrhy; ntWk; jt;`Pij khj;jpuk; Fwpf;fhJ. mJ xU
nghJthd nrhy;yhFk;. mjd;fPo; jPdpd; midj;Jf; flikfSk; mlq;Ffpd;wd" vd
,khk; igohtpAk; ,d;Dk; gyUk; $wpAs;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
mG+ mk;wpg;D m];]yh`; (w`;) Fwpg;gpLtjhtJ: 'mwptpg;ghsh;fs; jkJ
kdj;jpNyh gjptpNyh Vw;gl;l Fiwghl;bd; fhuzkhf ,e;j `jP];fisr; RUf;fkhf
mwptpj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.
w]{y;
(]y;)
mth;fs;
,t;thW
RUf;fkhff;
Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;W nfhs;tJ gpioahdJ. Vnddpy;> ,d;Dk; gy
hpthaj;Jfspy; ,t;tplak; tphpthfr; nrhy;yg;gl;bUg;gijf; fhz KbfpwJ."
,g;D m];]yh`; Fwpg;gpLtJNghy ,it rk;ge;jkhf tphpthfTk; tpsf;fkhfTk;
`jP];fs; te;jpUf;fpd;wd. xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; nghJg;gilahfTk; RUf;fkhfTk;
$wg;gl;l xU tplak; ,d;ndhU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; tpsf;fkhfTk; tphpthfTk;
$wg;gl;bUg;gij `jP];fspy; mjpfkhff; fhzKbAk;. ,e;j `jPi]g; nghWj;jtiuapYk;
$l ,e;epiyiaNa ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. my;yh`;itj;jtpu NtW ,yh`; ,y;iy:
'K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs; my;yh`;Tila w]{yhthh;fs; vdr; rhl;rp gfh;e;J
njhOifiaAk; epiyehl;b ]f;fhj;Jk; nfhLf;Fk; tiu kf;fSld; NghuhLkhW ehd;
Vtg;gl;Ls;Nsd;" (Gfhhp> K];ypk;) vd;w `jP]py;> Nkw;gb `jP];fspy;
nrhy;yg;glhj gy mky;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. NkYk; xU `jP]py;
'vth; my;yh`;it \ph;f; itf;fhj epiyapy; re;jpf;fpwhNuh mth; Rth;f;fk;
Eiofpwhh;" (Gfhhp> K];ypk;) vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;DNkhh;
mwptpg;gpy;
'my;yh`;Tf;F
vjidAk;
,izitf;fhJ>
Iq;fhyj;
njhOiffis
epiwNtw;wp> ukohd; Nehd;G Nehw;W> my;yh`;it vth; re;jpf;fpwhNuh>
mth; kd;dpf;fg;gLfpd;whh;" (K];dj; m`;kj;) vd te;Js;sJ.
,t;thW FHMdpYk; `jP]pYk; ,d;Dk; gy E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Mjhuq;fs; <khd;>
mky;fSld; gpize;j xd;W vd;gijf; fhl;b epw;fpd;wd. vdNt> ,e;j xUrpy
`jP];fspd; ntspg;gilahd fUj;ij itj;Jj; jtwhd tpsf;fq;fisf; nfhLg;gJ vq;qdk;?

90

\ph;f; vd;gJ ntWkNd jt;`PJila thh;j;ijahd 'yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;it" nkhoptjd;

%yk; ePq;fptpLfpd;w ntWk; thh;j;ijay;y: khwhf> mJ cs;sj;Jld; njhlh;ghdJ.
mJ cs;sj;ij my;yh`; my;yhjtw;wpd;ghy; nrYj;Jk;. mJ mtatq;fshy;
nra;ag;gLk;
nray;fNshL
njhlh;GilaJ.
my;yh`;
my;yhjtw;wpd;ghy;
mtatq;fspd; nray;fis mJ jpUg;gf;$baJ. ,t;thW \ph;f; ntWk; thh;ijNahL
epw;fhj xd;whf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> jt;`Pj; khj;jpuk; vt;thW ntWk; thh;j;ijfSld;
FWfptpl KbAk;? cz;ikapy;> jt;`PJila thh;j;ijia twz;l kz;zpy; tsUk; xU
gl;Lg;Nghd gapUf;F xg;gpl KbahJ. khwhf mJ ey;y nropg;ghd kz;zpy;;
tsh;e;J> Mokhd Nth;fisf; nfhz;l xU tpUl;rj;Jf;F xg;ghdJ. thdsht cah;e;J>
tphpe;J tpahgpj;j fpisfisf; nfhz;ljhfTk; ,d;gkhd fdpfisf; nfhz;ljhfTk; mJ
fhzg;gLfpwJ.
''(egpNa! jt;`Pj; fypkh vDk;) ey;y thf;fpaj;Jf;F my;yh`; vt;thW (kpf
Nkyhd) cjhuzj;ijf; $Wfpd;whd; vd;gij ePh; ftdpf;ftpy;iyah? (mt;thf;fpak;)
thdj;ijashtpa fpisfisAk; (G+kpapy;) Mog; gha;e;j NtiuAk; cila xU ey;y
tpUl;rj;Jf;F xg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. mJ (gUt fhyj;jpy; kl;Lkd;wp) ,iwtdpd; mUisf;
nfhz;L> vf;fhyj;jpYk; fdpfisf; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ. kdpjh;fs;
ey;Yzh;r;rp
ngWk;
nghUl;L>
mth;fSf;F
(,tw;iw)
my;yh`;
cjhuzq;fshf;Ffpd;whd;."" (14:24-25)
nraNyhL $ba tpRthrNk <khdhFk;. ntWk; ehthy; nkhopAk; jt;`PJila
thh;j;ijfisNah nray; %yk; gpujpgypf;fhj cs;sj;jhw; nfhs;Sk; ntWk;
tpRthrj;ijNah <khd; vd;Nwh \`hjj; vd;Nwh $Wtjw;fpy;iy.
''(egpNa) my;yh`;itAk; ,Wjp ehisAk; tpRthrk; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk; vdf;
$WNthUk; kdpjhpy; rpyUz;L. Mdhy;> (cz;ikapy;) mth;fs; tpRthrq;
nfhz;lth;fsy;yh;."" (2:8)
'i\j;jhdpaj;Jld; Kz;babg;gtid> jd; nrhy;yhYk; nrayhYk; ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfis
Mjhpg;gtid tf;fhyj;J thq;Fgtid> fypkhit nkhope;jtd; vd;w xNu
fhuzj;jpw;fhf <khd; nfhz;ltdhff; fUjKbahJ. mtd; jhd; <khdpypUg;gjhfr;
rj;jpak; nra;jhYk; rhpNa" vd;W mwpQH n\a;f; my; f];]hyp Fwpg;gpLtJ
kpfg; nghUj;jkhdnjhU fUj;jhFk;.
''epr;rakhfj;
jhq;fSk;
cq;fisr;
rhh;e;jth;fs;
jhk;
vd;W
mth;fs;
my;yh`;tpd;kPJ rj;jpak; nra;fpd;wdh;. vdpDk;> mth;fs; cq;fisr;
rhh;e;jth;fsy;yh;. mth;fs; (jq;fs; cz;ikf; Nfhyj;ij ntspg;gLj;j mQ;Rk;)
Nfhiofs;> jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $baNjhh; ,lj;ij my;yJ (kiyf;) Fiffis my;yJ xU
Ruq;fj;ij mth;fs; fhz;ghh;fNsahdhy;> (ck;kplkpUe;J tpyfp) mtw;wpd;
gf;fkhf my;Nyhyf;fy;Nyhykhf tpiue;NjhLthh;fs;."" (9:56> 57)
ehk; tpsf;f vLj;Jf; nfhz;l `jPi]Ak; mjid xj;j fUj;Jf;fisAila `jP];fisAk;
Muk;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l tpjj;jpy; jtwhf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F NkYk; xU Kf;fpa
fhuzk;> 'yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;"it KOikahfTk; rhpahfTk; Ghpe;J nfhs;shikNa
MFk;. ,jid mwpQH K`k;kj; my; f];]hyp fPo;tUkhW njspTgLj;Jfpd;whh;:

91

',d;W thOk; mNef K];ypk;fisAk; Muk;gfhy [h`pypa;a kf;fisAk; xg;gpl;L

Nehf;fpd;> mth;fSila epuhfhpg;gpw;Fk; ,th;fSila epuhfhpg;gpw;Fk;
,ilapy; ghhpa tpj;jpahrk; vjidAk; fhz;gjw;fpy;iy. xNunahU tpj;jpahrj;ij
ehk; ,UrhuhUf;fpilapYk; fhz;fpNwhk;; ,th;fs; fypkhit nkhope;jhh;fs;; mjid
tpsq;fpf; nfhs;stpy;iy. mth;fs; mjid tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;; Mdhy;
nkhopatpy;iy."
'yh ,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;" vd;w trdk; ,iwtdpd; Vfj;Jtj;ij typAWj;Jtjhf cs;sJ. Vfj;Jtk;
mbg;gilapy; %d;W mk;rq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. mtw;iwf; fPo;tUkhW
RUf;fkhff; $wyhk;:
1. my;yh`;Tf;F khj;jpuk; ,ghjj; nra;jy;> my;yh`;it ,iwtndd;w tifapy;
kfj;Jtg;gLj;jp> ghpG+uz md;Gld; KOikahf mtDf;Ff; fl;Lg;gly;
vd;gij ,J Fwpf;Fk;. ,k;KjyhtJ mk;rk; epiwT ngw> fPo;tUk; %d;W
mk;rq;fSk; jtph;f;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
m) my;yh`;itj;jtpu NtW vtiuAk; wg;ghf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $lhJ.
M) my;yh`;tpd;kPJ md;G nrYj;JtJNghy NtnwhUth; kPNjh> NtnwhU rf;jp
kPNjh md;G nrYj;jp> jdJ Nerdhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ.
,) my;yh`; my;yhjhiuj; jPHg;Gf; $Wgth;fshf Vw;W> mth;fSf;Ff; fl;Lg;glf;
$lhJ.
2. jh/$j;fis Kw;whf epuhfhpj;J> jhd; ,ghjj; nra;j> tpRthrkha; ele;J
nfhz;l midj;ijAk; tpl;L ePq;fptply; Ntz;Lk;.
3. \ph;f;if Kw;whfj; jtph;e;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf> fPo;tUk;
%d;W ngUk; \ph;f;Ffis tpl;Lk; ePq;fptply; Ntz;Lk;.
m) tzf;f topghLfis my;yh`;Tf;fhfd;wp NtW xU kdpjUf;Nfh xU rf;jpf;Nfh
nrYj;jy;.
M) ,we;jth;fsplk; gpuhh;j;jid nra;jYk; cjtp NjlYk;.
,) my;yh`; my;yhjhiur; rl;lk; ,aw;WNthuhf Vw;wy;> NtW thh;j;ijapy;
Fwpg;gpLtnjdpy;>
my;yh`;Tila
rl;lky;yhj
kdpj
rl;lq;fis
Vw;W
mq;fPfhpj;jy;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l mk;rq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;shj tifapy; xUth; nkhope;j
'yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;" mtiu jt;`Pij Vw;Wf;nfhz;ltuhfNth md;wp Rth;f;fj;Jf;F
mUfij cilatuhfNth Mf;fhJ.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tpsf;fq;fs; %yk; 'yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;" vd;W $wpath;
Rth;f;fk; Eiothh; my;yJ eufk; mth;kPJ `uhkhfptpLk; vd;w fUj;Jf;fspy; tUk;
`jP];fspd; cz;ikg; nghUisAk; jj;Jtj;ijAk; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.
92

<khd; ntWkNd cs;sj;jhy; ,iwtidg; gw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; ek;gpf;ifAlDk;>

ehthy; ntspg;gLj;Jk; rpy thh;j;ijfSlDk; FWfptpLk; xd;wy;y. mjd; jhf;fKk;
Mjpf;fKk; KOtho;tpYk; gpujpgypf;Fk; NghNj mJ ajhh;j;jkhdjhf khWfpd;wJ.
'<khd; vd;gJ ntWk; vz;zq;fsy;y: ajhh;j;jkhd <khd; vd;Dk; NghJ mJ
cs;sj;jpy; Mokhfg;; gjpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nray;fs; mjid cz;ikg;gLj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;." (`jP];)

,];yhk; ,yFthd khh;f;fk;

w]{Yy;yh`p (]y;) mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;;
',yFgLj;Jq;fs;> rpukg;gLj;jhjPHfs;; MirA+l;Lq;fs;> ntWg;G+l;lhjPh;fs;."
mwptpg;ghsh;: md]; ,g;D khypf; (wop) Mjhuk;; Gfhhp> K];ypk;
,];yhk; khdplUf;F mUshf te;j khh;f;fkhFk;. mJ kdpjid tho;thq;F thoitf;f
tpUk;Gfpd;wJ: rpukq;fs;> neUf;fbfs; mw;w rPuhd xU tho;it kdpjDf;F
mikj;Jf;nfhLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gij ,];yhk; jdJ mbg;gil Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
,e;j cz;ikiaj;jhd; NkNy jug;gl;l `jP]; ,uj;jpdr; RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
khh;f;fk; vd;gJ tpsq;Ftjw;F ,yFthdjhfTk; tpsq;fpaijr; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;Fr;
rpukkw;wjhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilahd xU fUj;jhf
,Ug;gjdhy;jhd; egp (]y;) mth;fs; ,];yhkpa gpurhug;gzpf;fhf ]`hghf;fis
mDg;gpa NghJ ,e;j mk;rj;ij Qhgf%l;bdhh;fs;.
nakd; gpuNjrj;Jf;F j/thg; gzpf;fhf KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uop)> mG+ %]h my;
m\;mhp (wop) Mfpa ,UtiuAk; mDg;gpa Ntisapy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; ,jid
Qhgf%l;bdhh;fs;. ',yFgLj;Jq;fs;> rpukg;gLj;jhjPHfs;: MirA+l;Lq;fs;>
ntWg;G+l;lhjPHfs;."
my;FHMDk; ,f;fUj;ij Mq;fhq;Nf Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gijf; fhzyhk;.

93

'my;yh`; ve;j XH Mj;khitAk; mjd; rf;jpf;F Nky; eph;g;ge;jpg;gjpy;iy."

(gfuh 286)
'my;yh`; cq;fSf;F ,yFthf;f
tpUk;gtpy;iy." (gfuh 185)

tpUk;GfpwhNd

jtpu>

f\;lj;ij(f;

nfhLf;f)

'rpukk; vg;nghOJk; ,yFgLj;jiy Ntz;b epw;Fk;" vd;w khh;f;fr; rl;ltpjp> ehk;

tpsf;f vLj;Jf; nfhz;l `jP];fspypUe;Jk; mijnahj;j FHMd; trdq;fspypUe;JNk
khh;f;fr; rl;lty;Yeh;fshy; ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j tpjpapd; mbg;gilapy;jhd;>
rpukkhd fl;lq;fspnyy;yhk; 'Uf;]j;" vd;w rYiffis khh;f;fk; toq;FfpwJ.
,r;rYiffNs ,];yhk; kdpjidr; rpukg;gLj;j tpUk;Gtjpy;iy vd;gij vLj;Jf;
fhl;LtdthAs;sd.
gpuahzj;ij ,];yhk; rpukkhd xU fhhpakhff; fUJfpwJ. vdNt> gpuahzpf;Fg; gy
tpNrl rYiffis toq;FfpwJ. cjhuzkhf> Iq;fhyj; njhOiffis RUf;fpr; Nrh;j;Jj;
njhOtjw;Fk;>
ukohdpy;
Nehd;ig
tpLtjw;Fk;>
[{k;Mj;
njhOifia
epiwNtw;whkypUg;gjw;Fk; gpuahzpf;F mDkjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
NehiaAk; ,];yhk; xU rpuknkdf; fUjp> Nehahspf;Fg; gy rYiffis toq;fpAs;sJ.
T@Tf;Fg; gjpyhfj; jak;Kk; nra;tjw;Fk;> ,Ue;j epiyapy; myyJ gLj;j epiyapy;
my;yJ irf;fpid %yk; njhOtjw;Fk; $l;Lj; njhOif> [{k;Mj; njhOif Mfpatw;iw
tpLtjw;Fk;
ukohd;
Nehd;ig
Nehw;fhjpUg;gjw;Fk;
,d;Dk;
gy
tplaq;fSf;Fk; ,];yhk; NehahspfSf;F mDkjp toq;fpAs;sJ.
gyte;jg;gLj;jiyAk; ,];yhk; xU rpukkhff; fUJfpwJ. vdNt> xUtd; gyte;jj;jpd;
fhuzkhf xU `uhj;ijr; nra;jhy; ,];yhk; mtidf; Fw;wthspahff; fUJtjpy;iy.
kwjpAk; xU rpukkhFk;. kwjpahfr; nra;Ak; jtWfis ,];yhk; ghtkhff;
fUJtjpy;iy. mt;thNw mwpahik>eph;g;ge;jk; Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhfr;
nra;fpd;w Fw;wq;fisAk; ,];yhk; Fw;wkhff; fUJtjpy;iy.
gUtkilahj rpWth;fs;> ngz;fs;> rpj;jRthjPdkw;Nwhh; MfpNahUf;Fk;
rl;lq;fspw; gy tpjptpyf;FfSk; rYiffSk; rpukq;fisj;jtph;f;Fk; Nehf;fpy;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
khh;f;fj;jpd; ngauhy; jd;idAk; gpwiuAk; rpukq;fSf;Fl;gLj;jf; $lhJ: jk;khy;
Rkf;f Kbahj Rikfisr; Rkf;f Kayf;$lhJ vd;w fUj;ijAk; ,e;j `jP]; jUfpd;wJ. ,];yhk;
tpyf;fg;gl;ltw;wpd; tl;lj;ijr; rpwpajhfTk; MFkhdtw;wpd; tl;lj;ij tphpe;jjhfTk;
Mf;fpitj;Js;sJ. NgZjy;> jf;th vd;w ngauhy; my;yh`; MFkhf;fpatw;iw
`uhkhf;fpf; nfhs;tij ,];yhk; td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpwJ. `uhj;ij `yhyhf;Ftij tpl `yhiy
`uhkhf;Ftij ,];yhk; ghuJ}ukhd Fw;wkhff; fUJfpwJ. ,j;jifa fLikahd
Nghf;FilNahiu egp (]y;) mth;fs; rgpj;Js;shh;fs;. 'fLikahd Nghf;FilNahh;
mopal;Lk;> fLikahd Nghf;FilNahh; mopal;Lk;> fLikahd Nghf;FilNahH;
mope;Nj
Nghfl;Lk;"
vd;W
mth;fs;
$wpAs;shh;fs;.
(K];ypk;>
m`;kj;>mG+jhT+j;)

94

',yFgLj;JNthh;fshf mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sPHfNs
my;y." (Gfhhp> K];ypk;)

md;wp>

rpukg;gLj;Jgth;fshf

`yhy;>
`uhk;
Mfpatw;iwj;
jPHkhdpf;Fk;
mjpfhuk;
KOikahf
my;yh`;Tf;FhpaJ. ,jpy; kdpjd; jiyapLtJ \ph;f;fhFk;. ,e;j tifapy;>
my;yh`;thy; vkJ trjpf;fhfTk; Rf tho;Tf;fhfTk; MFkhf;fpj; jug;gl;Ls;stw;iwj;
'jf;th" vd;w Kyhk; G+rp `uhkhf;f Kay;tJ \ph;f; MFk;.
''(egpNa!) my;yh`; jd; mbahh;fSf;fhf mspj;jpUf;Fk; (Mil) myq;fhuj;ijAk;>
ghpRj;jkhd (Nkyhd) Mfhuj;ijAk; Mfhjitnad;W jLg;gth; ahh; vd;W NfSk;.""
(m/uhg; 32)
kjPdhtpy; ]`hghf;fspw; rpyh;> my;yh`{jMyh MFkhf;fpatw;iwg; NgZjy;
vd;w ngauhy; jkf;F `uhkhf;fpf; nfhs;s Kad;wNghJ my;yh`; mj;jifNahiuf;
fz;bj;J> mth;fis newpg;gLj;jp Neuhd topapy; nrYj;Jk; Nehf;NfhL fPo;tUk;
trdq;fis ,wf;fpdhd;:
''tpRthrpfNs! my;yh`; cq;fSf;F MFkhf;fp itj;jpUf;Fk; ghpRj;jkhdtw;iw
ePq;fs; Mfhjitahf;fpf; nfhs;shjPhfs;. md;wp> ePq;fs; tuk;G kPwpAk;
nry;yhjPHfs;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; tuk;G kPWNthiu Nerpg;gNjapy;iy.""
(khapjh: 87)
tho;f;ifia Md;kPf tho;T> nysfPf tho;T vdf; $WNghl;L Nehf;FNthUk;> cyf
tho;f;ifia Kw;whfj; Jwe;J thoNtz;Lnkd;w rpe;jidg; Nghf;FilNahUk; ,iwtdpd;
fz;ldj;jpw;F cl;gLth;. ,j;jifNahiu egp (]y;) mth;fSk; fz;bj;Js;shh;fs;.
'jpUkzk; vdJ topKiw> vdJ topKiwia ntWg;gth; vd;idr; rhh;e;jtuy;yh;."
(Gfhhp)
',];yhj;jpy; Jwtwk; ,y;iy." (m`;kj;)
,];yhkpa j/thg; gzpapy; <LgLNthh; vg;nghOJk; kf;fNshL espdkhd Kiwapy;
ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;; fLikahd Nghf;ifj; jtph;j;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijAk; ,e;j
`jP]; $Wfpd;wJ. my;FHMd; ,e;jf; fUj;ijf; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:
''(egpNa) ePH (kdpjh;fis) espdkhfTk;> mofhd ey;YgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;LNk
ck; ,iwtdpd;ghy; miog;gPuhf! md;wp> mth;fSld; (jh;f;fpf;f Nehpl;lhy;)
ePH (fz;zpakhd) mofhd Kiwapy; jh;f;fQ; nra;tPuhf!"" (16:125)
egp (]y;) mth;fsJ gpurhuj;jpd; ntw;wpf;F mth;fsJ espdkhd Nghf;Fk;
mZFKiwAk;jhd; fhuzk; vd;w cz;ikia my;FHMd; njspthff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
''(egpNa)
my;yh`;Tila
mUspd;
fhuzkhfNt>
ePH
mth;fs;
kPJ
,uf;fKs;stuhdPH.
fLfLg;ghd
tuhfTk;
fbd
rpj;jKs;suhfTk;
ePH
,Ue;jpUg;gPuhdhy;> ck;kplkpUe;J mth;fs; ntUz;Nlhb ,Ug;ghh;fs;.""
(3:159)
95

mj;jt;`Pj;
cyfpy; Njhd;wpa ngUk;ghyhd kjq;fs; ,iw ek;gpf;ifia mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;litahFk;. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf ,];yhk;> my;yh`;it ek;Gtijj; jdJ
[PtehbahTk; mjd; midj;J ek;gpf;iffSf;Fk; mj;jpthukhfTk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
,jdhNyNa ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil ek;gpf;iffspy; my;yh`;it ek;GtNj Kjypy;
Fwpg;gplg;gpLfpd;wikiaf; fhz;fpNwhk;.
,];yhj;ij Vw;Fk; xUth; Kjypy; my;yh`;it ek;gpajd; gpd;dNu <khdpd; Vida
mbg;gilfshd kyf;Ffs;> Ntjq;fs;> ,iwJ}jh;fs;> kWik ehs;> ,iwtdJ Vw;ghL
Mfpatw;iw ek;g Ntz;batuhf cs;shh;.

96

,];yhk; ,iwek;gpf;ifapy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l mk;rj;Jf;F mjpfsT mOj;jk;

nfhLf;fpd;wJ; mJ njs`Pj; MFk;. ,t;tk;rj;jpy; jhd; ,];yhkhdJ ,iwek;gpf;if
tplaj;jpy; Vida kjq;fspypUe;J NtWgLfpd;wJ.
,iwtd; xUtNd> mtd; Vfd;;> mtNd midj;ijAk; gilj;Jg; ghpghypg;gtd;;>
,ul;rpj;Jf; fhg;ghw;Wgtd;> mtNd tzf;fj;Jf;Fhpatd;;> topfhl;lj; jFe;jtd;;>
rl;lk; ,aw;Wk; mjpfhuk; cs;std;;> ed;wpf;Fhpatd;;;> kdpjDila Njitfis
mwpe;J epiwNtw;wf; $batDk; mtNd. ,t;Tz;ikfNs njs`Pj; vDk; Vfj;Jtj;jpd;
RUf;fkhd tpsf;fkhFk;.
,iwek;gpf;if ,];yhj;Jf;F mbg;gilahapUg;gJ Nghy;> njs`Pj; ,iwek;gpf;iff;F
mbg;gilahfTs;sJ. ,jdhy; jhd; njhOif> Nehd;G> ]fhj;> `[; Nghd;w midj;J
mbg;gilfSf;Fk; Nkyhf ,];yhk;> njs`PJf;F Kjyplk; mspf;fpd;wJ. my;FHMd;
Kd;itf;Fk; midj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fspdJk; mbg;gil njs`PNjahFk;. ,j;njs`Pijr; rhpahfg;
Ghpe;J> Vw;W tho;tjpy; jhd; <Uyf ntw;wpAk; jq;fpAs;sJ.
njs`Pjpd; gphpTfs;
my;FHMdpd; xspapy; njs`Pij Nehf;Fk; NghJ> mJ Kg;ngUk; gphpTfisf;
nfhz;bUg;gijf; fhzKbfpwJ. mitahtd:
1. njs`Pj;> UG+gpa;ah
2. njs`Pj; cY}`pa;ah
3. njs`Pj; my; m];kh t]; ]pghj;
,k;%d;iwAk; ehk; rpwpJ tpsf;fkhf Muha;Nthk;.
njs`Pj; UG+gpa;ah:
my;yh`;it
mfpyj;jpd;
gilg;ghsdhfTk;>
midj;ijAk;
Ngh\pj;Jf;
fhg;ghw;WgtdhfTk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tij ,J Fwpf;Fk;. (cq;fSf;Fg; ghpr;rakhd
ug;G vd;w gjk; UG+gpa;aj; vDk; nrhy;ypypUe;J gpwe;jjhFk;. njs`Pjpd;
,g;gphpit kWj;jth;fs; kdpj tuyhw;wpy; kpfTk; FiwT : egp (]y;) mth;fsJ
tUiff;F Kd;G tho;e;j mNugpah; $l ,t;tk;rj;ij Vw;W> ek;gpapUe;jdh;.
,t;Tz;ikia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; my;FHMd; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ:
''mth;fsplk; thdq;fisAk; G+kpiaAk; gilj;jtd; ahh;> #hpaidAk; re;jpuidAk;
trg;gLj;jpatd; ahh; vd;W ePq;fs; Nfl;lhy;> epr;rakhf my;yh`;Nt vd;W
$Wthh;fs;.""(29:61)
''thdj;jpypUe;J ePiu ,wf;fp> mjidf; nfhz;L ,we;j G+kpia caph;g;gpg;gtd; ahh;
vd;W ePq;fs; mth;fisf; Nfl;lhy;> my;yh`; jhd; vd;W mth;fs; epr;rakhff;
$Wthh;fs;."" (29:63)
my;yh`;Tf;F
,izitj;J
tzq;fp
te;j
mt;tNugpaUk;
UG+gpa;aj;ij
kWg;gth;fshf ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gjid ,t;trdq;fs; vLj;Jf; fhl;lfpd;wd. MapDk;>
97

mth;fs; ,iwtid khj;jpuk; tzq;fp topglj;jFe;jtdhf ek;ghj fhuzj;jhy;> mth;fs;

UG+gpa;aj;ij tpRthrpj;j NghjpYk;> K];ypk;fshff; fUjg;gltpy;iy.
(eh];jpfh;
vd;Nghh;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.)

njs`pj;

UG+gpa;aj;ij

kWg;gth;fs;

vd;gJ

njs`Pj; cY}`pa;ah:
my;yh`;Nt tzf;fj;Jf;Fhpatd;; njhOjy;> gpuhh;j;jpj;jy;> cjtp NfhUjy;>
Neh;r;ir itj;jy; Nghd;w vy;yh tifahd tzf;f topghLfSk; my;yh`; xUtDf;fhf
khj;jpuNk Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;;; jdf;Fj; Njitahd rfy topfhl;ly;fisAk;
toq;fj; jFe;j Vf ehad; mtNd vd;Dk; tplaq;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;tNj njs`Pj;
cY}`pa;aj;ij tpRthrpg;gjhFk;.
NkNy
$wg;gl;l
nj`Pj;
UG+gpa;ahTk;>
,izfpd;wNghNj njs`Pj; (Vfj;Jtk;) KOikailfpd;wJ.

njs`Pj;

cY}`pa;ahTk;

Muk;gfhy mNugpah; njs`Pjpd; Kjw;gFjpia Vw;w NghjpYk;> mjd; mLj;j

gFjpia tpRthrpf;f tpy;iy vd;gjid Kd;dh; Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. Vnddpy;> mth;fs;
my;yh`;it ug;ghf Vw;wpUe;j NghjpYk;> mtDf;F ,iz fw;gpg;NghuhfTk;
tpsq;fpdh;. gy epahaq;fisf; $wp> tpf;ufq;fisAk; rpiyfisAk; ,d;Dk;
gytw;iwAk; tzf;fj;Jf;Fhpa nja;tq;fshf Mf;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jdh;.
nghJthf kdpj tuyhw;wpNy njs`Pjpd; ,g;gFjpia (njs`Pj; - cY}`pa;ahit)
kWg;gth;fNs mjpfkhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sdh;. ngUk;ghYk; ,iw ek;gpf;if
tplaj;jpy; ,t;tk;rj;jpNyNa Vida kjq;fs; ,];yhj;jpypUe;J NtWgLfpd;wd.
,jdhNyNa cyfpy; Njhd;wpa midj;J ,iwJ}jh;fSk; njs`Pj; UG+gpa;aj;ij tpl
njs`Pj; cY}`pa;ahTf;Nf mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Js;shh;fs;. ,iw Ntjq;fSk;
,g;gFjpiaNa mjpfk; typAWj;Jtdthf ,Ug;gij ePq;fs; fhzyhk;.
njs`Pj; my; m];kh ty; ]pghj;:
,J
my;FHMdpYk;>
m];]{d;dhtpYk;
,lk;ngw;Ws;s
my;yh`;Tila
jpUehkq;fisAk; gz;GfisAk; Vw;W ek;Gtijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; NtWgl;l
fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;l gy gphptpdh; tuyhW neLfpYk; ,Ue;J te;Js;sdh;.
',iwtDk; gilg;Gf;fSk; xd;Nw> midj;Jg; gilg;Gf;fSk;> mtdJ ntspg;ghNl>
vy;yhk; mtNd> vq;Fk; ,Ug;gtd; mtNd" vd;w fUj;ij xU gphptpdh;
nfhz;bUe;jdh;. ,J ,];yhj;jpd; njs`Pj; Nfhl;ghl;bw;F KuzhdJ ,f;nfhs;if (t`;jJy;
T[{j;) mj;itjf; nfhs;if vdf; $wg;gLfpwJ.
,iwtdJ> ,uhjj; vDk; ehl;lj;ijAk; foh vDk; tpjpiaAk; kWf;Fk; NkYk; xU
gphptpdh; ,Ue;jdh;. ,th;fisf; fj;hpa;ahf;fs; vd;Nghk;.
[ghpa;ahf;fs; vd;Nghh; kdpjdJ nraw; Rje;jpuj;ij kWj;jJld;> ed;ikAk;>
jPikAk;> ghtKk; ,iwtdpd; ehl;lg;gbNa epfo;fpd;wd vd;W ek;gpdh;. kdpjd;
98

fhw;wpw; rpf;fpa gQ;rpd; epiyia xj;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;; ,e;j tifapy;> mtd;

nra;Ak; Fw;wq;fSf;fhf mtidj; jz;bf;f KbahJ vd;gJ ,th;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.
my;yh`;tpd; gz;Gfis kWf;fhkYk;> nraypof;fr; nra;ahkYk;> type;J
mtw;Wf;F tpsf;fk;nfhLf;fhkYk;> ctikg;gLj;jhkYk;> cjhuzk; $whkYk; cs;sij
cs;sthW Vw;Wf; nfhs;tNj njs`Pj; my; m];kh ty; ]pghj;ij Kiwahf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhFk;.
my;yh`;tpd; gz;Gfis tpsq;f Kw;gLk; NghJ>
''mtidg; Nghy vJTkpy;iy. mtd; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;F nrtpkLg;gtdhfTk; ed;F
ghh;g;gtdhfTk; cs;shd;"" (42: 11) vDk; my;FHMd; trdj;ij kdjpw; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.

gpj;mj;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;;

99

gpj;mj;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;Ff; fhuzq;fshf mikgit gy. mtw;iwf;

Fwpg;gpLtJ rpukkhdjhFk;. my;Fh;Md; fPo;tUkhW $WfpwJ:

fzf;fpl;Lf;

''epr;rakhf ,J jhd; Neuhd topahFk;. mjidNa ePq;fs; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;.

kw;witfisg; gpd;gw;whjPh;fs;. mit mtDila topapypUe;J cq;fisg;
gphpj;JtpLk;. ePq;fs; ghpRj;jthd;fshtjw;fhf ,iwtd; ,tw;iw cq;fSf;F
ey;YgNjrk; nra;jhd;.""||(6:153)
,j;jpUtrdj;ij mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (wop) mwptpf;Fk; egpnkhop NkYk;
tpsf;FfpwJ. 'xUKiw my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; vkf;F xU Nfhl;ilf; fPwpf; fhl;b> ',Jjhd;
my;yh`;tpd; top" vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;. gpd;dh; mjd; tyg;gf;fj;jpYk;
,lg;gf;fj;jpYk; ,d;Dk; gy NfhLfisf; fPwpf; fhz;gpj;J> ',itfs; gy topfshFk;; ,it
xt;nthd;wpYk;
xU
i\j;jhd;
,Ue;Jnfhz;L
mjd;ghy;
mioj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;."|vdf;
$wptpl;L
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
trdj;ij
Xjpdhh;fs;.||
,t;tpsf;fj;jpypUe;J my;yh`;tpd; top - Neh;top - xd;whf ,Ug;gpDk;>
topNfl;bdJk; gpj;mj;fspdJk; topfs; gythf> tiuaiwfSf;F cl;glhjitfshf
,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gjidg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;syhk;. MapDk;> ,Jgw;wp Mokhf
Muha;e;j ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fs;> gpj;mj;fs; cUthtjw;Fhpa gpujhd fhuzq;fis
tpsf;fpAs;sdh;. ,t;tifapy; ,khk; \hjpgP (w`;) jdJ my; ,/jp]hk; vDk; E}ypy;
gy fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mitgw;wp mofhf tpsf;fpAKs;shh;. mt;thNw
gpj;mj; gw;wp ePz;lNjhh; Ma;it Nkw;nfhz;L> mj;Jiwapy; fyhepjpg;
gl;lj;ijAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l fyhepjp ,];]j; myp mjpa;ahTk; jdJ my; - gpj;M
vDk; Ma;T E}ypy; NkYk; rpy fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L tpsf;fpAs;shh;.
etPd ,];yhkpa cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j mwpQh;fSs; xUtuhf kjpf;fg;gLfpd;w
K`k;kj; my;- f];]hypAk;> gpj;mj;fspd; Njhw;wj;jpw;fhd ,U mbg;gilf;
fhuzq;fis tpsf;fpAs;shh;. fhuzq;fisf; fPo;tUkhW njhFj;Jf; $wyhk;.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

mwpahik
gFj;jwptpd; kPJs;s ek;gpf;ifAk; ey;nyz;zKk;
RatpUg;G ntWg;GfSf;F ,lk;nfhLj;jy; (kNdh ,r;iriag; gpd;gw;wy;)
my;Kj\hgp`; vDk; GyDWg;Gf;fshy; Ghpa Kbahjtw;iw Muha;e;J
gpd;gw;w Kayy;.
ghtq;fs; nra;tjpypUe;J ghJfhg;Gg;; ngwhNjhiu Vw;W mq;fPfhpj;Jg;
gpd;gw;Wjy;.
\hPmj;jpy; rl;l %yhjhukhff; nfhs;s Kbahj xd;iw Vw;Wr; nraw;gly;.
rpy `jP];fis jtwhf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sy;.
jPidg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; tuk;G kPwpa jPtpug; Nghf;iff; filg;gpbj;jy;.

,f;fhuzq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; RUf;fkhff; fPNo Muhag;gLfpd;wd.

1.mwpahik:
khh;f;fj;ijg; gw;wpj; njsptpy;yhjth; mJ gw;wpg; NgRtjdhYk; mjidf;
fw;gpg;gjdhYk;> mJ njhlh;ghd jPh;g;Gf;fis toq;FtjdhYk; gpj;mj;fs; Njhd;w
100

VJthfpwJ. mwpahik vDk;NghJ fPo;tUk; tplaq;fs; gw;wpa njsptpd;ikiaNa

Fwpf;Fk;.
1. nkhopapd; Nghf;F mjd; gpuNahfq;fs; gw;wpa njsptpd;ik
2. ]{d;dh gw;wpa mwpahik
my;Fh;Md; J}a;ikahd mwG nkhopapy; cs;s Ntj E}yhFk;. Ntnwe;j
nkhopf;Fk; ,y;yhj jdpj;Jtkhd gz;GfisAk; EZf;fq;fisAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;l
mk;nkhop> ,k; nkhopf;Nf chpa gz;Gfs;> EZf;fq;fs; gw;wp mwpQh;fs;
gyh; tpsf;fpAs;sdh;. Fwpg;ghf> ,khk; m\;\hgp< jdJ mh;hp]hyh vDk;
E}ypy; ,J gw;wp tpsf;fpAs;shh;. Xh; ,lj;jpy; fPo;tUkhW mth;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;: 'mwgpfspd; nkhop> nkhopfspNy kpf tphpthdjhfTk;
mjpfkhd nrhw;fisf; nfhz;ljhfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ. ehk; mwpe;jtiuapy; ,k;nkhop
gw;wpa
KOikahd
Qhdj;ij
egpkhh;fisj;jtpu
Vida
kdpjh;fshy;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tnjd;gJ rpukkhdJ."||
mwG nkhopapd; EZf;fq;fis tpsf;fte;j ,khk; ,g;D Fijgh ,U fhuzq;fis vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpwhh;.

`hjh fhjpYd; mfP

`hjh fhjpY mfP

,t;tpU thf;fpaq;fSk; FwpaPl;lhy; khj;jpuNk NtWgLfpd;wd. Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpy;

'fhjpYd;"| vd;Wk; ,uz;lhk; thf;fpaj;jpy; 'fhjpY"|vd;Wk; te;jpUg;gjid
mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,r;rpwpa khw;wk; trdj;jpd; nghUisNa khw;wp tpLfpwJ.
KjyhtJ trdj;jpd;gb> ',td; vdJ rNfhjuid ,d;Dk; nfhiy nra;atpy;iy"|vd;w
nghUSk;> ,uz;lhk; thf;fpaj;jpd;gb ',td; vdJ rNfhjuidf; nfhiynra;Jtpl;lhd;"|
vDk; nghUSk; ngwg;gLfpd;wd.
,khk;
,g;D
Fijgh
Fwpg;gpLk;
mLj;j
cjhuzk;
'gyh a`;Rd;f ft;Y`{k; ,d;dh e/yK kh A]ph;&d tkh A/ypD}d;"
trdkhFk;. ,jd; nghUs;> 'egpNa mth;fsJ Ngr;R ckf;Ff; ftiyiaj;
epr;rakhf
ehk;
mth;fs;
,ufrpakhff;
$Wgtw;iwAk;
$Wgtw;iwAk; mwpe;Nj itj;jpUf;fpNwhk;" vd;gjhFk;.

fPo;tUkhW:
,J xU Fh;Md;
ju Ntz;lhk;>
gfpuq;fkhff;

,t;trdj;jpy; ',d;d"| vd tUk; nrhy;iy 'md;d"|vd;W thrpj;Jtpl;lhy; trdj;jpd;

nghUNs jiyfPohf khwptpLk;. ,e;j epiyapy; trdj;jpd; nghUs; 'ehq;fs;
mth;fs; ufrpakhff; $Wgtw;iwAk; mwpe;Nj ,Uf;fpNwhk; vd;W mth;fs; $WtJ
cq;fSf;Ff; ftiyjuhky; ,Uf;fl;Lk;"|vd khwptpLk;. ,t;Tjhuzj;ijf; $Wk; ,khk;>
Ntz;Lnkd;Nw xUth; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;lthW ',d;d" vd;gij 'md;d"|vd;W
thrpj;jhy;
(kpfg;
nghpanjhU
nghUs;
khw;wk;
Vw;gLtjdhy;)
fhgpuhfptpLfpwhh; vd;w fUj;ijAk; $Wfpwhh;.
,j;jifa fhuzq;fspdhy;jhd;> \hPmj; gw;wpg; NgRgth; mwG nkhopia
JiwNghff; fw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd midj;J ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fSk;
typAWj;Jfpd;wdh;. ,J gw;wp ,khk; \hjpgP Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ> \hPM rhh;e;j
101

vt;tplak; gw;wp xUth; NgRtjhapDk;> mth; mwgpahfNth my;yJ mwG

nkhopia mwgpfspd; juj;ij milAk; msTf;Nfh my;yJ mwG nkhop Nkijfshd
fyPy;> ]Pgit`p> my;fp]h<> my; gh;uh/ Nghd;Nwhh;fspd; juj;ij
milAksTf;Nfh fw;wwpe;J mwgpia xj;jtuhfNth ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lnkdf; $Wfpwhh;.
mwG nkhopg; ghz;bj;jpak; ,y;yhj epiyapy; khh;f;fj; jPh;g;Gf;fis toq;f
Kd;te;j gyh;> gpj;mj;fs; gy cUthtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jdh;. mwG ,yf;fzk;
gw;wpa Nghjpa mwptpy;yhjjd; fhuzj;jpdhy; gyjhu kzk; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gpLk; my;Fh;Md; trdj;ijg; gpioahf tpsq;fp> xUtUf;F xNu Neuj;jpy;
xd;gJ ngz;fis kidtpauhf itj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;w gpj;mj;jhd fUj;ij
ntspapl;ldh;. mwGg; gjq;fSf;Fr; rhpahd nghUis tpsq;fpf;nfhs;shj rpyh;
`uhkhf;fg;gl;l rpy czTfisf; Fwpg;gpLk; my;Fh;Md; trdj;jpy; tUk; 'y`;k;"|
vDk; gjj;ijg; gpioahf tpsq;fp> gd;wp ,iwr;rp khj;jpuNk Grpg;gjw;F
`uhkhdnjd;Wk;> mjd; nfhOg;G `uhkhdjy;y vd;Wk; $wpdh;. 'y`;k;" vd;w
gjk; ,iwr;rp> nfhOg;G vDk; ,U nghUisAk; nfhLf;Fk;) 't[;`;" vd;w mwGg;
gjj;jpw;F Kfk; vd;w nghUis khj;jpuk; mwpe;jpUe;j rpyh;> my;yh`; cl;gl
midtUk;> midj;Jg; nghUl;fSk; mope;JtpLk; vd;Wk; my;yh`;tpd; Kfk;
khj;jpuk; ,Wjpapy; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; vd;Wk; $wpdh;. (t[;`; vd;w gjk; xd;iw xUtiu nkhj;jkhff; Fwpf;fTk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.) mwGnkhopg; Gyik
,d;ikahy; Njhd;wpa gpj;mj;fSf;Fr; rpwe;j cjhuzq;fshf ]{d;dhit kWj;jy;>
midj;jpiwf; nfhs;ifia Vw;wy; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mwG nkhop
gw;wpa mwptpy;yhjNghJ jPdpy; NguopTk; ngUk; Fog;gKk; Vw;gLk; vd;w
fUj;ij tpsf;Ffpd;w ,khk; `]Dy; g]hp> gpj;mj;fis cUthf;FNthh;fisg; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ 'm[kpj; jd;ikjhd; mth;fis mopj;jJ" vd;fpwhh;.
]{d;dh
gw;wpa
mwpahikAk;
gpj;mj;fs;
Njhd;Wtjw;Ff;
fhuzkhf
mike;Js;sJ. ,];yhkpa rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dh tfpf;Fk; gq;F gw;wpj;
njsptpy;yhjNghJk;> `jP]pd; gphpTfs;> juhjuq;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fk;
,y;yhjNghJk; gpj;mj;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. ,e;j tifapy; Njhd;wpa xU
gpj;mj;jhd gphptpdNu fuhkpa;ahf;fs;. ,th;fs; khh;f;fj;Jf;F Kuzpy;yhj
tifapy;> mjw;Fr; rhh;ghd `jP];fisg; Gide;Jiug;gijj; jkf;F MFkhf;fpf;
nfhz;ldh;. 'm`;Yy; Fh;Md;"|vDk; Fh;Mid Vw;W> ]{d;dhit Xh; ,];yhkpa rl;l
%yhjhukhf Vw;;f kWf;fpd;w gpj;mj;jhd gphptpdiuAk; ,q;F Fwpg;gpl
KbAk;. Kjthjph; my;yhj midj;J egpnkhopfisAk; kWf;fpd;w gpj;mj;jhd
gphpTk; ]{d;dh gw;wpa njsptpd;ikahy; cUthd xd;NwahFk;.
2. gFj;jwpTf;F msT fle;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jy;
,];yhkpa rl;l %yhjhuq;fs; $Wfpd;w KbTfSf;F Kuzhf> gFj;jwpTf;F
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J mjdbg;gilapy; KbTfisg; ngw;wNghJ gy gpj;mj;fs;
Njhd;Wtjw;F K/j]pyhf;fNs nghpJk; fhuzkhf mike;jdh;. ,th;fs; jkJ gFj;jwpTf;F
Kuzhfj; njhpfpd;w `jP];fis kWj;jdh;. ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghl;by;
fhzg;gLk; gy mbg;gilfisNa epuhfhpj;jdh;. mtw;wpw;F type;J gy gpioahd
tpsf;fq;fisf; nfhLj;jdh;. ,th;fshy; cUthd rpy gpj;mj;jhd fUj;Jf;fs;
fPo;tUkhW:-

102

o
o
o

kWikapy; my;yh`;itf; fz;fshy; fhzKbahJ.

<]h (miy) mth;fs; kPz;Lk; cyfpw;F tug;Nghtjpy;iy.
fg;wpy;; Ntjid nfhLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

NkYk;> ]puhj;> kP]hd; Nghd;w gFj;jwptpdhy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj>

mfPjh njhlh;ghd Mjhug+h;tkhd gy mk;rq;fSf;F gFj;jwptpdbg;gilapy; gy
gpioahd tpsf;fq;fisf; nfhLj;jdh;. ,j;jifNahh; gw;wp \h`;; typAy;yh`;
fPo;tUkhW $Wfpwhh;: ',e;j gpj;mj;thjpfs; gy ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fspy;> mit
gFj;jwpTf;F Kuzhdit vd;W $wp re;Njfj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdh;. gFj;jwpTf;F Kuzhd
midj;Jk; kWf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ mtw;wpw;Fhpa tpsf;fk; nfhLf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mth;fs; $wpdh;. ,t;tifapy;jhd; fg;wpd; Ntjidiag;
nghWj;jtiuapy; mJ Gyd;fSk; gFj;jwpTk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj xd;W vdf;
Fwpg;gpl;L mjid kWj;jdh;. mt;thNw `p]hg;> ]puhj;> kP]hd; Nghd;wit
gw;wpAk; kpfj; J}ukhd tpsf;fq;fisf; $wpAs;sdh;."|,];yhkpa mwpQh;fs;
vg;NghJk; gFj;jwpTthjpfis gpj;mj;thjpfshff; fUjpte;jpUg;gjidf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
'vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYk;> midj;J ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fSk; gFj;jwpT thjpfis
gpj;mj; thjpfshff; fUjpaNjhL> mth;fis vd;Wk; ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fshf vtUk;
Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljpy;iy"|vd ,khk; ,g;D mg;jpy; gh; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
3.

kNdh

,r;iriag;

gpd;gw;wy;

(Ra

tpUg;G

ntWg;GfSf;F

,lkspj;jy;)

kNdh ,r;irf;F topg;gl;L ele;Jnfhz;lik gpj;mj;fs; cUthtjw;F Xh; mbg;gilf;

fhuzkhf ,Ue;Jte;Js;sJ. gpugy;a Nehf;fk;> nghUshjhu Nehf;fq;fs;>
vjphpkPJ nfhz;l fho;g;Gzh;r;rp> rPh;jpUj;jk; nra;tjpYk; rk;gpujhaq;fSf;F
Kuzhf ele;Jnfhs;tjpYk; gyUf;fpUe;j mr;rk; gy gpj;mj;fs; Njhd;wp tsh;tjw;F
toptFj;jd. RatpUg;G ntWg;GfSf;F ,lk; nfhLj;jjdhy; tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wpa
gpj;mj;jhd gphpTfs; Vuhsk;. mit jkf;nfd xU nfhs;ifia tFj;Jf;nfhz;L> mjid
epWTk; tpjj;jpy; gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; Fh;MDf;Fk; `jP]{f;Fk; type;J
tpsf;fq;fs; nfhLj;Jk;> gpioahd tpsf;fq;fs; nfhLj;Jk; te;jJld;> ,];yhj;jpd;
%yhjhuq;fs; jk; nfhs;iff;F Kw;wpYk;; Kuzhf mikfpd;wNghJ> mtw;iwj;
Jzpe;J ngha;g;gpj;J kWf;fTk; gpd;thq;ftpy;iy. ,Jgw;wp ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah
gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;: 'ekJ Kd;Ndhh; Fh;MidAk; <khidAk;
gw;wpg;gpbj;jpUe;jdh;. Mdhy;> ck;kj;jpy; gpsTfSk; gphptpidfSk;
cUthdNghJ gy FOf;fshf khwpa gphptpidthjpfs;> (cs;uq;fj;jpy;) jq;fSf;fhd
mbg;gilfshf Fh;MidAk; <khidAk; nfhs;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf> jkJ jiyth;fs;
cUthf;fpa mbg;gilfspy; epiyj;jpUe;jJld; mtw;Wld; ,ize;J xj;JtUfpd;wtw;iw
khj;jpuk; Mjhukhff; nfhz;L Kuz;gLfpd;w midj;Jf;Fk; type;J tpsf;fq;fisf;
nfhLj;jdh;.Fh;MdpdJk; `jP]pdJk; Nehf;fq;fNsh ehl;lq;fNsh ,th;fisg;
nghWj;jtiuapy; Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy." gpj;mj;jhd xt;nthU gphptpdUk;
my;Fh;Mid tpsq;Ftjw;Fk; tpsf;Ftjw;Fk; jkf;nfd xU jdpahd fUj;Njhl;lj;ijf;
nfhz;bUe;jik ,jw;Fr; rpwe;j cjhuzkhFk;. Fh;Midf; nfhz;L jj;jkJ gphptpd;
mbg;gilfis epWtpf;nfhs;tNj ,r;nra;ifapd; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.

103

,jdhy;jhd; Nkw;$wpa Nghf;fpidAila my;fthhp[;> Kh;[pa;ah> fjhpa;ah>

m\;\PM Nghd;w gphpTfs; ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fshy; 'm`;Yy; gpjh, ty;m`;th/" (kNdh ,r;irfSf;F topg;gl;l gpj;mj;thjpfs;) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
4. my; Kj\hgp`; vDk; kdpj mwpTf;Fk; GyDWg;GfSf;Fk; cl;glhj> khh;f;fk;
njhlh;ghd tplaq;fis Muha;jy;
,j;jifa Muha;r;rpfspdhYk; gy gpj;mj;fs; cUthfpd;wd. ,khk;
'Kj\hgp`;" vd;gjpYk; ,Utiffs; fhzg;gLtjhff; $Wfpwhh;. mitahtd:

\hjpgP

Kj\hgp`; `fPfP
Kj\hgp`; ,shgP

Kjw;gphptpy; mlq;Fgtw;iw K[;j`pj;fshy; $l tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbahJ.

my;Fh;Mdpy; ,g;gphpitr; Nrh;e;j trdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit gw;wp
Muha;tJ midtUf;Fk; jLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
'',jpy; (njspthfTk;) Fwpg;ghf(Tk;) cs;s mh;j;jj;ij cila trdq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
,it jhk; ,t;Ntjj;jpd; mbg;gil. kw;wit Kj\hgp`hditahFk;."" (3:7)
,t;trdj;jpy; tUk; Kj\hgp`hj; vd;gJ ,g;gphpitNa Fwpf;Fk;. ,uz;lhk; gphpthd
Kj\hgp`; ,shgPiag; nghWj;jtiu mjid MuhAk; mjpfhuk; K[;j`pj;fSf;F cz;L.
fPo;tUk; egp nkhopapy; te;Js;s re;Njfj;Jf;Fhpa tplaq;fs; vd;gJ ,g;gphpitr;
rhh;e;j Kj\hgp`hj;fisNa Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;iw ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fs; Muha;e;J
rhpahd fUj;ij kf;fSf;Fj; njspTgLj;jf; flikg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdh;. \hPmj; gw;wpa
mwptpy;yhNjhh; ,g;gphpitr; rhh;e;j Kj\hgp`hj;fis Muha;tJ $lhJ.
'`yhYk; njspthdJ> `uhKk; njspthdJ.
re;Njfj;Jf;Fhpa gy tplaq;fSKz;L."||

mitapuz;Lf;FkpilNa

(\{G`hj;)

Muhaf;$lhj Kj\hgp`; `fPfpNahL njhlh;ghdtw;iw Muha Kide;jjdhy; gy

gpj;mj;fs;
cUthapd.
my;yh`;tpd;
'jhj;J"|']pghj;J"|gw;wpa
Ma;tpy;
<Lgl;ljdhy;jhd; tuyhw;wpy; K[];]pkhf;fs;> K\g;gp`hf;fs;> Kmj;jpyhf;fs;>
ghj;jpdpa;ahf;fs; Ngd;w gphpTfs; cUthfpd. ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fs; ,t;tidj;Jg;
gphpTfisAk; 'm`;Yy; gpj, ty;-m`;th/"|vDk; gphptpNyNa mlq;Ffpd;wdh;.
Kj]hgp`; `fPfpNahL njhlh;ghdtw;iw Muha Kide;jjdhy;jhd; 't`;jJy; T[_j;"
vDk;
topnfl;l
midj;jpiwf;
Nfhl;ghLk;
Njhw;wk;
ngw;wnjd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. my;yh`;tpd; jhj;J-]pghj;J Nghd;w Kj\hgp`; `fPfpNahL
njhlh;ghd tplaq;fis Muha;tjid ,khk; f];]hyp td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpwhh;. xUth;
,j;jifa Ma;tpy; <LgLtijtpl tPz; tpisahl;Lf;fspy; <LgLtJ rpwe;jJ vdf;
fUJfpwhh;. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf> xU ghkuidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; my;yh`;tpd;
%yj;ij mwpAk; Muha;r;rpapy; <LgLtij tpl cly; rhh;e;j ghtq;fspy; <LgLtJ
mtDf;Fg; ghJfhg;ghdJ vdf; $Wk; ,khk; f];]hyp> mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf;
Fwpg;gpLifapy;> tPz; tpisahl;Lf;fSk; cly; rhh;e;j Fw;wq;fSk;> $baJ
ngUk;ghtkhf khj;jpuNk mikAk;> Mdhy;> ,iwtd; gw;wpa Ma;tpd; ,Wjp

104

vy;iy \ph;f;fhf mike;JtpLk;. my;yh`; jdf;F ,iz itg;gij kd;dpf;f khl;lhd;.

Vidatw;iw jhd; ehbath;fSf;F kd;dpj;J tpLfpwhd; vdf; $Wfpwhh;.
5. ghtq;fs;> jtWfs;> gpiofs; Mfpatw;iwr; nra;tjpypUe;J ghJfhg;Gg; ngwhNjhiu
Kw;whf Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;Wjy;.
\Pahf;fs; jq;fsJ ,khk;fisg; ghtq;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;wth;fshff; fUjp
mth;fis Kw;W KOjhf Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;wpajdhy;> jq;fSila ,khk;fspd;
nrhy;> nray; midj;ijAk; khh;f;fkhff; mth;fs; fUjpdh;. ,jdhy; cUthd
gpj;mj;fs; vz;zpylq;fhjit. ]{d;dj;J ty;[khmj;ijr; Nrh;e;j gyUk;$l jq;fsJ Md;kPf
topfhl;bfisAk; ,khk;fisAk; Nkw;Fwpj;j epiyapy; itj;J Nehf;f Kide;jjdhy; gy
gpj;mj;fs; cUthfpd vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. Vnddpy;> ,j;jifNahh; jkJ
jiyth;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F Kuzhf mike;j midj;ijAk; topNflhff; fUjpaJ
khj;jpuky;y> ,];yhj;jpy; %yhjhuq;fSf;F mf;fUj;Jf;fs; Kuzhf mike;jhYk;>
mtw;iw Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;wj; jaq;ftpy;iy. 'jf;yPj;"| vDk; ,khk;fisg;
gpd;gw;Wk;
epiyia
,];yhk;
mDkjpj;jhYk;>
,j;jifa
Nghf;if
mJ
mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. ,];yhk; mDkjpf;Fk; 'jf;yPj;"| mikg;ig tpsf;fte;j \h`;
typAy;yh`; jp`;ytp> xUth; jhd; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w K[;j`pjhd ,khk;> rhpahd
KbTfisg; ngWk; Mw;wy; gilj;jtuhf ,Ug;gJ NghyNt gpioahd KbTfSf;Fk; tuf;
$bath; vd;gij mwpe;j epiyapy; mtiug; gpd;gw;Wtij ,];yhk; mDkjpj;Js;s
'jf;yPj;"| vd;Wk;> jdJ ,khkpd; fUj;Jf;F Kuzhd ]`P`hd `jP]; fpilf;fpd;w
Neuj;jpy; jf;yPij tpl;Ltpl;L `jPi] Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;WNthuhfTk; mth; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;.
,jdhy;jhd;
vy;yh
fz;bf;fpd;wdh;.

,khk;fSk;

jq;fisf;

FUl;Lj;jdkhfg;

gpd;gw;Wtijf;

6. \hPmj;jpy; rl;l %yhjhukhff; nfhs;s Kbahj xd;iw Vw;Wr; nraw;gly;

fdT> fuhkj;Jf;fs; Nghd;wd \hPmj;jpy; rl;l %yhjhuq;fshff; nfhs;sg;gl
KbahjitfshFk;. rpyh; ,j;jifatw;iw mbg;gilahf itj;J ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fspdhYk;
gy gpj;mj;fs; cUthfpd.
7. rpy `jP];fisj; jtwhf tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lik
khh;f;fj;jpy; E}jdq;fisg; GFj;j tpUk;GNthh;> Fwpg;ghf fPo;tUk; ,U `jP];fis
Mjhukhff; fhl;b ey;y nray;fis (mtw;Wf;F khh;f;fj;jpy; Mjhuq;fs;
,y;iynadpDk;) mq;fPfhpj;J tzf;fq;fshff; fUJtJ gpioahdjy;y vd;W md;Wk;
,d;Wk; $wptUfpd;wdh;. mt;tpU `jP];fSk; fPo;tUkhW:

'vth; xU ey;y topKiwia cUthf;Ffpd;whNuh mtUf;F mjw;Fhpa $ypAk;

,Wjp ehs; tiu mjid vLj;J gpd;gw;wp elg;NghUf;fhd $ypAk;
fpilf;Fk;."|(K];ypk;)
'K];ypk;fs; ey;yjhff; fUJfpd;w midj;Jk; my;yh`;tplj;jpYk; ey;yjhfNt
,Uf;Fk;."(Mjhuk;: m`;kj;> my;-g];]hh;> mj;jguhdp> my;- ig`fP)

105

cz;ikapy;> ,t;tpU `jP];fSk; vt;tifapYk; khh;f;fj;jpy; Gjpad GFtjw;F

Mjhuq;fshf mikaf;$baitay;y. ve;jnthU ey;y topKiwahf ,Ue;jhYk;> mjw;F
Fh;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtpNyh Xh; mbg;gil ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xU ey;y topKiw
my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; njhpahkw;Nghf KbahJ.
Fh;MdpNyh ]{d;dhtpNyh mJ ,lk;ngwhky; ,Uf;fTk; KbahJ. vdNt> xU ey;y
topKiwia tFf;fpd;wNghJ Fh;MidNah `jPi]Nah mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt KjyhtJ `jP]{f;Fhpa rhpahd tpsf;fkhFk;. fPo;tUk; `jP];fs;$l
,t;tbg;gilapNyNa tpsf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
'vth; xU Neh;topapd; ghy; miof;fpd;whNuh mtUf;F mjw;Fhpa $ypAk;
mjidg; gpd;njhlh;e;jtUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; $ypAk; fpilf;Fk;"|(Mjhuk;: m`;kj;>
mg+jht+j;> e]hap> jph;kpjp)
'xU ed;ikahd tplaj;ijf; fhz;gpj;Jf; nfhLj;jth; mjidr; nra;jth; Nghyhthh;."
(my;-g];]hhh;>mj;jguhdp).
,uz;lhtJ `jPi]g; nghWj;jtiuapy; mJ xU egp nkhopay;y. xU ]`hgpahd
mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; k];Cj; (wop) mth;fspd; fUj;jhFk;. ,f;fUj;ij $wp> jPdpy;
xd;iwf; $l;Ltjw;Nfh> Fiwg;gjw;Nfh ck;kj;jpdUf;F mth; mDkjp nfhLj;jpUf;f
KbahJ. Vnddpy;> ,e; egpj; Njhoh; khh;f;f tptfhuq;fspy; RatpUg;G
ntWg;GfSf;Fk; kNdh ,r;irf;Fk; ,lk;nfhLf;fhjth;. cz;ikapy;> ]`hghf;fspdJk;>
gpw;fhy K[;j`pj;fsJk; ,[;kh/ vDk; VNfhgpj;j KbTfspd; J}a;ikia vLj;Jf;
fhl;Ltjw;fhfNt ,f;fUj;ij mth; $wpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ khh;f;fj;Jld; Neubj;
njhlh;gpy;yhj rhjhuz tho;f;if tptfhuq;fSld; njhlh;ghdtw;wpy; ngUk;ghyhd
K];ypk;fs; vLf;fpd;w KbT> my;yh`;tplj;jpYk; rhpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij
tpsf;Ftjw;fhf
,f;fUj;ij
mth;
$wpapUf;fyhk;.
ed;ikahd
vt;tplaKk;
tpLglhjthW>
midj;ijAk;
cs;slf;fpajhfNt
,];yhk;
kdpj
r%fj;jpw;F
toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. mjpy; ,lk;ngwhj xd;W kdpjh;fs; ed;ikahff; fUjpdhYk;
mt;thW mika Kbahnjd;gNj xU K];ypkpd; ek;gpf;ifahFk;. ,t;tifapy;
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,U `jP];fis> gpj;mj;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F Mjhuq;fshff; nfhs;tJ
gpioahdjhFk;.
8. khh;f;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; msT fle;j jPtpug; Nghf;iff; filg;gpbj;jy;
,];yhk; tuk;GkPwpa jPtpug; Nghf;if td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpwJ. ,j;jifa Nghf;iff;
filg;gpbj;jjdhy;jhd; fpwp];jth;fs; K\;hpfPd;fshf khwpdh; vd my;Fu;Md;
$WfpwJ. 'Ntjj;ij cilath;fNs! ePq;fs; cq;fs; khh;f;fj;jpy; tuk;G kPwp jPtpukhf
elf;fhjPh;fs;. my;yh`;itg; gw;wp cz;ikiaad;wp NtnwjidAk; $whjPh;fs;."||
msTfle;j Nghf;fpdhy;jhd; my;yh`; MFkhf;fpf; nfhLj;jtw;iwf; $lj; jq;fSf;F
`uhkhf;fpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,j;jifNahiu my;Fh;Md; fPo;tUkhW fz;bf;fpd;wJ:
'<khd; nfhz;lth;fNs! my;yh`; cq;fSf;F `yhyhf;fpj; je;Js;s ey;ytw;iw
tuk;GkPwp `uhkhf;fpf; nfhs;shjPh;fs;."||

106

,j;jifa jPtpug; Nghf;iff; fz;bf;Fk; gy egpnkhopfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf

'jPtputhjpfs;
mopal;Lk;!
jPtputhjpfs;
mopal;Lk;!!
jPtputhjpfs;
mopal;Lk;!!!"||
gpd;tUtdTk; r%fj;jpy; gpj;mj;fs; gutf; fhuzkhfpd;wd:

Mypk;fs; gpj;mj;fis Vw;Wr; nraw;gLtJ:- ,e;epiyapy; nghJkf;fSk;

Mypk;fs; rhpahdijNa nra;th; vd;W vz;zp mth;fisg; gpd;gw;wp
gpj;mj;fis Vw;Wr; nraw;gl Kidth;.

Mypk;fs; gpj;mj;fis vjph;f;fhky; nksdk; rhjpg;gJ: ,e;epiyapy; nghJkf;fs;

mth;fsJ nksdj;ij mq;fPfhukhff; fUjp gpj;mj;fisj; njhlh;e;Jk; nra;Jtuy;.

gpj;mj;fs; rk;gpujhaq;fshf khWjy;

gpj;mj;fs; kf;fsJ kNdh ,r;irfSf;Fr; rhh;ghditfshf mikjy;.

Mypk;fNs gpj;mj;fSf;F type;J tpsf;fq;fs; nfhLj;J mtw;iw epahag;gLj;JtJ.

crhj;Jizfs;
1. my;-,/jp]hk;-,khk; m\;\hjpgp- ghfk; 2> gf; 293-362
2. my;-Kthgfhj;- ,khk; m\;\hjpgp- ghfk; 3> gf;. 54-56
3. my;-gpj;M-j`;jPJ`h-t- nksfpGy; ,];yhk;-kpd;`h-fyhepjp ,];]j; myp
mjpa;ah gf;;. 189-245
4. ,f;jpohc\;]puhjpy; K];jfPk;- ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah> gf;. 296-298
5. ya;] kpdy; ,];yhk;- m\;n\a;f; K`k;kj; my; f];]hyp> gf;. 64-71
6. `{[;[Jy;yh`py; ghypfh- \h`; typAy;yh`; mj;jp`;ytP> ghfk; 1> gf;
17> 255
7. k[;K/ gjhth ,g;D ijkpah- ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah- ghfk; 13> gf;; 58
8. mh;hp]hyh- ,khk; m\;\hgp<- gf; 27
9. my;- ,`;thDy; K];yp%d;- m`;jh]{d; ]dmjpj;jhhP`; - fyhepjp k`;%j;
mg;Jy; `yPk;> ghfk;-2> gf; 356
10.
ma;dy; fyy;- fyhepjp a+]{g; my;- fh;shtp
11.
gP Mghfpj; jMypk;- ]<j; `t;th> gf; 100
12.
G]{Yd; kpd];]pah]jp\; \u,a;ah gP mj;j/tjp ,yy;yh`; - mg;Jh;
u`;khd; mg;Jy; `hypf;> gf; 107> 199-228

107

gpj;mj;fis xopg;gjw;fhd topKiwfs;

eilKiwapy; gpj;mj;fSf;F vjpuhf vt;thW NghuhLtJ? mtw;iw xopf;f
Kw;gLk;NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs; vd;d> mZF Kiwfs;
ahit> vd;gd gw;wp xU jh< mwpe;jpUg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.
midj;J gpj;mj;fSk; xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; ,U NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lkpy;iy.
xU rhjhuz gpj;mj;$l xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ thjg; gpujpthjq;fSf;F ,lkw;w
cz;ikahFk;. xUKiw xUth; Jk;kptpl;L> 'my;`k;Jypy;yh`; t];]yhJ t];]yhK myh
u]_ypy;yh`;" vdf; $wpdhh;. ,jidr; nrtpkLj;j mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ckh;(wop)
mk;kdpjiu Nehf;fp 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; Jk;kpdhy; ,t;thW nrhy;tjw;F vkf;Ff;
fw;Wj;jutpy;iyNa.
'my;`k;Jypy;yh`;"|vd;W
khj;jpuNk
$WkhW
Nghjpj;jhh;fs;"|vdf; $wpdhh;. ,r;rk;gtj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLk; n\a;f; f];]hyp
'rpyiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; Xh; mw;g tplakhff; fUjg;gLfpd;w ,e;j E}jdj;ijf;
fz;Lk; fz;bf;fhkypUg;gij ,g;D ckh; (wop) rhpfhztpy;iy. mk;kdpjh; ]
{d;dhtpd; tuk;ig kPwhky;> mjpy; vj;jifa $LjYk; Fiwj;jYk; nra;ahkypUf;f
Ntz;Lk;> mjw;F topfhl;LtJ jdJ flikahFk; vdf; fUjpdhh;. md;W ,g;D ckh;
(wop) ,e;j E}jdj;Jf;F ,lk; nfhLj;jpUe;jhy; ,d;W gpj;mj; thjpfs; Jk;kptpl;Lr;
nrhy;tjw;F gy fl;LiufisAk; mjw;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;tjw;F mijtpl ePskhd
fl;LiufisAk; $l cUthf;fpapUf;ff;$Lk;. ,j;jifa rpwpa tptfhuq;fspy; Vw;gLk;
E}jdq;fs;jhd; gbg;gbahfg; nghpa tplaq;fspYk; E}jdq;fis Vw;gLj;jj;
J}z;LNfhyha; mikfpd;wd"|vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
MapDk; ,];yhkpag; gpurhuj;jpd;NghJ gpj;mj;fis xopg;gjpy; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba gy mk;rq;fs; cz;L. ,];yhk;> ',y;k;"|vDk; mwpthfTk; 'j/th"|vDk;
miog;ghfTk; 'jh;gpa;ah" vDk; gapw;rpahfTk; 'k/ufh"|vDk; Nghuhl;lkhfTk;
108

kdpj r%fj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,];yhj;ij ve;j mbg;gilapy; r

%fj;jpw;F
Kd;itf;fpNwhk;
vd;gijg;
nghWj;J
mjw;fhd
mZFKiwfs;
tpj;jpahrg;gLk;. ,];yhj;ij ',y;k;"| Mf toq;Ffpd;w nghOJ iff;nfhs;Sk;
topKiwfisj;jhd; mjid j/ththf toq;Fk; nghOJk; iff;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy;iy.
j/thtpd;NghJ
iff;nfhs;Sk;
mZFKiwfis
tpl;Lk;
tpj;jpahrkhf
'jh;gpa;ah"tpd;NghJ iff;nfhs;Sk; topKiwfs; mika Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. j/th>
jh;gpa;ah> ,y;k; Mfpa epiyfspd; nghOJ fUj;jpw;nfhs;shj tplaq;fis>
tpj;jpahrkhd topKiwfis 'k/ufh" vDk; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;NghJ filg;gpbf;f Ntz;b
Vw;gLk;.
j/thtpd;NghJ
ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba
mk;rq;fis
j/thTf;fhd
Kiwfis ,];yhkpa \hPmj; xU jdpj; jiyg;gpd; fPo; tpsf;FfpwJ. ,];yhkpa
'gpf;`;",y; (rl;lj;jpy;) ,J> 'm];]pah]J\; \u,a;ah gpj;j/th"|vd;Wk; 'my; `p];gh"|
vd;Wk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,];yhkpa gpf;`; E}y;fs; ,ghjhj;> KMkyhj;>
[pahdhj; Nghd;w mk;rq;fisj; jdpahd jiyg;Gf;fspd; fPo; Muha;tJ NghyNt
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l jiyg;Gf;fspd; fPo; j/th Kiw gw;wpAk; Mokhf
tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
,t;tifapy; j/thf; fsj;jpy; gpj;mj;fis xopf;f Kw;gLk; NghJ filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba
topKiwfisf; fPo;tUkhW njhFj;Jf; $wyhk;.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

epjhdk;
Kf;fpakhdtw;wpw;f;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fy;.
gpj;mj;fis xopg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; Nkhrkhd tpisTfisj; jtph;j;jy;.
xopj;j gpj;mj;Jf;Fg; gpujpaPlhf mjidtplr; rpwe;j xd;iw toq;f Kay;jy;.
gpj;mj;fis xopg;gijtpl ]{d;dj;Jf;fis caph;g;gpg;gjpy; $ba ftdk;
nrYj;Jjy;.
6. gpj;mj;Jf;fis xopg;gJNt KO ,];yhkpa j/ththFk; vd;w fUj;ijf;
nfhs;shjpUj;jy;.
7. `pf;kh|vDk; Qhdj;ijAk; 'my;-kt;,oJy; `]dh"| vDk; ey;YgNjrj;ijAk;
filg;gpbj;jy;.
1. epjhdk;
gpj;mj; xopg;gpd; nghOJ epjhdj;ijf; iff;nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhd Xh; mk;rkhFk;.
gpj;M `fPfpa;ah Fy;ypa;ah vDk; gphptpy; mlq;Ffpd;w kpfg; ghuJ}ukhd
gpj;mj;Jfis vjph;g;gjpYk;$l epjhdk; filg;gpbf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. `];uj; %]h(miy) mth;fs; kPfhj;jpw;fhf (my;yh`;itr;
re;jpg;gjw;fhf) jd; r%fj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rpyiu mioj;Jf;nfhz;L nry;Yk; Ntisapy;
my;yh`;it mtrukhfr; re;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;> mtdplkpUe;J fl;lisfisg; ngw Ntz;Lk;
vd;w mthtpdhy; jd;NdhL te;jth;fisAk; Ke;jpf;nfhz;L J}h;]Pdh kiyia Nehf;fp
tpiue;jhh;fs;. mt;thW mth;fs; nrd;w Ntisapy; my;yh`; mth;fis Nehf;fpf;
Nfl;lijAk; mjw;F mth;fs; nfhLj;j gjpiyAk; mg;gjpYf;F my;yh`; nfhLj;j
kWg;igAk; my;Fh;Md; fPo;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ:

109

''%]hNt> ePh; ck;Kila rdq;fistpl;L tpl;L ,t;tsT mtrukhf tUthNdd;? (vd;W my;yh`;
Nfl;lhd;) mjw;fth;> mth;fs; ,Njh vd;idg; gpd;njhlh;e;Nj tUfpd;wdh;. vd; ,iwtNd>
cd;idj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;J tjw;fhf mtru mtrukhf (Kd;djhfNt) te;Jtpl;Nld;. mjw;F
,iwtd;> mjd; fhuzkhf ehk; ck;Kila [dq;fisr; Nrhjidf;Fs;shf;fpNdhk;. rhkphp
vd;Nghd; mth;fis topnfLj;Jtpl;lhd;"" vd;W $wpdhd;.
,t;trdj;jpy; tUk; 'gf" vDk; ,ilr; nrhy;Ny 'mjd; fhuzkhf" vd
nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,khk; my; MY}]p jdJ '&`{y; kMdp" vDk;
my;Fh;Md; tpsf;fTiuapy; ,t;trdj;jpy; tUk;> 'gf" vDk; ,ilr;nrhy;Yf;F ,f;fUj;ijf;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJld; my;yh`; ,jd; %yk; %]h (miy) mth;fs; jd;idr; re;jpg;gjw;F
epjhdkpoe;J mtrug;gl;bUf;ff;f$lhJ vd;Wk;> mth;fsJ mtruj;jpdhy;jhd;
mk;kf;fs; rhkphpapdhy; topnfLf;fg;gl;lhh;fs; vd;Wk; $w tpUk;Gfpwhd; vd
tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
my;yh`;itr; re;jpg;gijtpl NtW Nkyhd fhhpak; xd;wpUf;f KbahJ. MapDk;>
mjw;Ff;$l epjhdkpoe;J mtrug;gLtjid ,];yhk; mq;fPfhpg;gjpy;iy vd;gjid
,e;epfo;r;rpapypUe;J tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.
,];yhk; ,t;tptfhuj;ijAk; mikjpahf> mtrukpd;wp> epjhdj;Jld; Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lnkd;Nw vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wJ. 'gjw;wKk; mtruKk; i\j;jhdpd; FzkhFk;>
epjhdKk;
mtrukpd;ikAk;
u`;khdhd
my;yh`;tpd;
FzkhFk;"|vd;gJ
egpnkhopahFk;. etPdfhy ,];yhkpa ,af;fq;fs; jkJ gzpapy; g+uz
ntw;wpailahkypUg;gjw;F mtw;wpd; epjhdkpoe;j nraw;ghLfs; Kf;fpa
fhuzq;fspy;
xd;whFnkd
,];yhkpa
mwpQh;fs;
$Wfpd;wik
,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. Fwpg;ghf fyhepjp a+Rg; my;fh;shtp ,t;tplaj;ij
tpsf;fpAs;shh;.
2. Kf;fpakhdtw;wpw;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fy;
,J ,];yhkpa j/thTf;fhd Xh; mbg;gil tpjpahff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tifapy;
vy;yh gpj;mj;fSk; xNu juj;jpy; ,y;yhjjd; fhuzj;jpdhy;> mitaidj;ijAk; xNu
epiyapy; itj;J Nehf;FtJk;> xopf;fg; NghuhLtJk; gpioahdjhFk;. khwhf>
gpj;mj;fSf;fpilNa cs;s ju tpj;jpahrq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L> mtw;wpy; kpfg;
ghuJ}ukhdtw;iw xopg;gjpNyNa $baftdk; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
,t;tbg;gilapy; eilKiw tho;tpy; gy;NtWgl;l gpj;mj;fs; ,Ug;gpDk; mtw;wpy;
Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;J Kf;fpaj;Jtkspj;J xopf;fg;gl Ntz;ba nghpa gpj;mj;fs; vit
vd;gJ
,dq;
fhzg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
,e;ehl;ilg;
nghWj;jtiuapy;
cld;
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl Ntz;baJk; xopf;fg;gl Ntz;baJkhd (`fPfpa;ah Fy;ypa;ah
vDk; gphptpylq;Fk; Kg;ngUk;) gpj;mj;J fisj;; jw;Nghija epiyapy; ,dq;fhz
KbAk;. mitahtd:
1. `jPi] kWf;Fk; thjk;
2. midj;jpiw (mj;itj)f; nfhs;if
3. \PMf; Nfhl;ghL

110

,j;jifa 'gpj;M Fy;ypa;ah `fPfpa;ahit" xopg;gjw;Ff; nfhLf;fhj Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

gpj;M ,shgpa;ah vDk; ghuJ}uk; Fiwe;j gpj;mj;Jf;fis vjph;g;gjw;Ff;
nfhLg;gjhdJ> j/th topKiwf;Fg; gpioahdjhFk;. Xt;nthd;iwAk; mjdjd; juj;jpy;
itj;J Nehf;f Ntz;baJ <khd; Ntz;bepw;fpd;w Xh; mk;rkhFk;. my;yh`;Tk;
mtdJ J}jUk; tFj;Js;s mikg;Gfis khw;WtJ ghuJ}ukhd Fw;wkhFk;. vdNt>
'gpj;M ,shgpa;ahf;fis" vjph;g;gjpy; $Ljyhd jPtpuk; fhl;LtJ jtph;f;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. ,jidapl;L tpsf;Ffpd;w m\;n\a;f; my;f];]hyp>,shgpa;ahthd
gpj;mj;Jfis vjph;g;gjpy; epjhdkhd Nghf;iff; filg;gpbj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd;Wk;.
mtw;iwr;
nra;gth;fSf;F
cz;ikia
czh;j;Jtjpy;
espdkhf
ele;Jnfhs;s
Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;. ,j;jifa gpj;mj;Jfis td;ikahf vjph;f;fg;Ngha;
mh;j;jkw;w Fog;gq;fs; Vw;gLtjidj; jtph;f;f Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
gpj;M ,shgpa;ah> gpj;M jh;fpa;ah Nghd;wd gpf;`{ hPjpahd fUj;J
NtWghLfSf;F cl;gl;l mk;rq;fnsd;Wk;> mtw;wpy; xt;nthUtUk; mtutUf;Fhpa
fUj;ijf;
nfhz;bUg;gjpy;
gpioapy;iynad;Wk;
,khk;
`]Dy;
gd;dh
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ,Nj fUj;ij ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ahTk; nfhz;Ls;sik
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
3. gpj;mj;Jfis xopg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; Nkhrkhd tpisTfisj; jtph;j;jy;
xU gpj;mj;ij xopg;gjd; %yk; kpf Nkhrkhd tpisT Vw;gLk; vd;wpUg;gpd;
me;j gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gijj; jtph;f;fNtz;Lk;. mjw;nfjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;ij
,ilepWj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhff; fPo;tUk;; epfo;r;rpiaf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
%]h (miy) mth;fs; my;yh`;itr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf J}h;]pdh kiyf;Fr;
nrd;wpUe;jNghJ> rhkphp vd;gtd; %]h (miy) mth;fspd; r%fj;jth;fis xU fhis
khl;il tzq;Fk; K\;hpf;Ffshf Mf;fptpl;lhd;. ,t;Ntisapy; mr;r%fj;jpy; %]h(miy)
mth;fspd; gpujpepjpahf ,Ue;j `h&d; (miy) mth;fs; mg; ngUk; ghtr;
nraiyf; fz;Lk;$l> mjid cld; jLf;fhJ nksdk; rhjpj;J tpl;lhh;fs;. jd; r%fj;jth;fs;
topnfl;L tpl;lijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l %]h (miy) mth;fs; NfhghNtrj;Jld; jpUk;gpte;J
`h&d; (miy) mth;fis Nehf;fp fPo;tUkhW tpdtpdhh;fs;: ''`h&Nd> ,th;fs;
topnfl;Lg; Nghdhh;fs; vd;W ePh; mwpe;j rkaj;jpy; vd;id ePh; gpd;gw;wp
elf;f ck;ikj; jilnra;jJ vJ? ePh; vd;Dila fl;lisf;F khWnra;a Kw;gl;Buh?(vd;W
$wp mtUila jhbiaAk; jiyKbiaAk; gpbj;jhh;) mjw;fth;>vd;jha; kfNd> vd;
jhbiaAk; jiyiaAk; gpbj;jpOf;fhjPh;. ',];uaPypd; re;jjpfSf;fpilapy; ePh;
gphptpidia cz;Lgz;zptpl;Bh;> ePh; vd;Dila thh;j;ijfisf; ftdpf;ftpy;iy|vd;W
ePh; vd;idf; fLfLg;gPh; vd epr;rakha; ehd; gae;Njd;!(mjdhy;jhd; mth;fis
ehd; cld; mg;ghtj;ij tpl;Lk;; jLf;ftpy;iy)"" vd;whh;.
`h&d; (miy) mth;fsJ ,g;gjpiy %]h (miy) mth;fs; Ml;Nrgpf;ftpy;iy>
kWj;Jiuf;ftpy;iy. xU egpapd; fz;nzjpNu mthpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPOs;sth;fs;
kpfg; ngUq; Fw;wkhd \ph;f;ifr; nra;a Kide;jNghJk;> mij cld; jLg;gjdhy; r
%fj;jpy; gpsTk; gphptpidAk; Fog;gKk; Vw;gLk; vd;w fhuzj;jpw;fhf mjid
me; egp jLf;fhkhy; ,Uf;fpwhh;. jdJ rNfhjud; te;j gpd; mtUld;
,g;gpur;rpidia Muha;e;J ,jw;F vt;thW ghpfhuk; fhzyhk; vd;W rpe;jpj;Jr;
111

nray;gLtNj rhyr; rpwe;jJ vd;W fUJfpwhh;. ,J vj;jifa nghpa gpj;mj;jhapDk;

mjid xopg;gjpy; epjhdk; Njit vd;gijf; fhl;LtNjhL> xU gpj;mj;ij xopf;f
Kidtjdhy; mjidtplg; ghuJ}ukhd tpisTfs; Vw;gLnkd;wpUg;gpd; Fwpj;j
gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gij ,ilepWj;jk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; fhl;LfpwJ.
,g;Nghf;fpw;F egp (]y;) mth;fsJ ]PuhtpYk; ngUe;njhifahd cjhuzq;fisf; fhz
KbfpwJ. xUKiw egp (]y;) mth;fs; Map\h (wop) mth;fis Nehf;fp 'cq;fSila r
%fj;jth;fs; kpf mz;ikf;fhyk; tiu [h`pypa;aj;NjhL njhlh;Gs;sth;fshf
,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,y;iynadpy; f/ghtpd; xt;nthU fy;iyAk;$lj; jfh;j;J kPz;Lk;
,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mth;fs; ,l;l mj;jpthuj;jpypUe;J fl;bapUg;Ngd;"|vd;whh;fs;.
egpath;fs; f/ghit ,bj;J> jhd; tpUk;gpathW ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mth;fsJ
mj;jpthuj;ij itj;Jf; fl;l Kw;glhjpUe;jjw;Ff; fhuzk;> mwG r%fj;jpy; mjd;
fhuzj;jpdhy;
Vw;gLk;
Fog;gj;ijj;
jtph;g;gjw;fhFk;
vd;w
cz;ikia
,e;egpnkhopap ypUe;J tpsq;f KbfpwJ. Vnddpy;> mwgpfs; ,];yhj;Jf;F
Kd;Ng f/gh kPJ jPtpukhd gw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. egp (]y;) mth;fs; mjidj;
jfh;f;f Kw;gl;lhy; epr;rak; mwgpfs; rfpf;f khl;lhh;fs;> khwhf ngUk;
gpur;rpidAk;
Fog;gKNk
Njhd;Wk;.
,jid
egp
(]y;)
mth;fs;
mwpe;jpUe;jjdhy;jhd; mj;jifa Fog;gj;ijj; jtph;g;gjw;Fj; jdJ jpl;lj;ijr;
nray;gLj;jhky; tpl;Ltpl;lhh;fs;.
NkYk; xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy;> md;]hhpfspy; rpyh; egpath;fsplk; te;J>
'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu> ,d;wpuT ehq;fs; vq;fSf;nfjpuhd fhgph;fs; midtiuAk;
nfhiynra;J tpLNthk;. ehisf; fhiyapy; cq;fSf;F cq;fsJ j/thitg; gfpuq;fg;gLj;jp
Ml;rpahsuhfTk; khwptpl KbAk;"|vd;W $wpdhh;. mjw;F egpath;fs;>
',t;thW mtrug;gl;Lr; nray;gLkhW ehd; Vtg;gltpy;iy" vdg; gjpyspj;J>
mth;fsJ MNyhridia kWj;Jiuj;jhh;fs;. md;W egp (]y;) tpUk;gpapUe;jhy;
,t;thpa re;jh;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp mk;kf;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;jp kpf Ntfkhd
rPh;jpUj;jj;ij Nkw;nfhz;bUf;f KbAk;. kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; jdJ gpurhuj;jpy;
ntw;wpngWk; tha;g;ig mile;jpUf;f KbAk;. Mdhy;> egp (]y;) mth;fs; ,j;jifa
Nghf;if j/thTf;fhd rhpahd mZF Kiwahff; fUjtpy;iy. xU egpahf ,Ue;Jk;
my;yh`;tpd; cjtpAk; topfhl;ly;fisAk; Neubahfg; ngWk; mtdJ J}juhf
,Ue;Jk;> ,Ugj;jp %d;W tUlq;fs; mth;fs; jkJ rPh;jpUj;jg; gzpia
Nkw;nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. jkf;Fg; gpd;dhy; tUgth;fs; tpisTfisr; rpe;jpf;fhJ>
ghjpg;Gf;fisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shJ epjhdkpoe;J> j/thg; gzpapy; <Lglf;$lhJ
vd;gjw;F Kd;khjphpahf egpath;fs; jkJ j/thg; gzpia mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;fs;.
'midj;J gpj;mj;JfSf;Fk; vjpuhfg; NghuhLtJk; mtw;iw xopg;gJk; flikahf
,Ug;gpDk;> mtw;iw tplj; jPikahd tpisTfs; Vw;glhjthW mtw;iw xopg;gjw;F
rpwe;j mZFKiwfisf; filg;gpbj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd" ,khk; `]Dy; gd;dh $Wfpwhh;.
,t;tk;rk; \hPM $Wfpd;w xU nghJ tpjpnad mwpQh; ]<j; `t;th
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah 'xU ghtj;ij mjidtpl xU ngUk; ghtj;ijr;
nra;tjd; %yk; jLf;fyhfhJ"|vdf; $Wfpwhh;. 'xU gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gjdhy; kf;fs;
kj;jpapy; gpsTk;> gphpTk;> FNuhjKk; vjph;g;G kdg;ghd;ikAk;
Vw;gLnkd;wpUg;gpd; Fwpj;j gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gijj; jtph;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;"
vd;fpwhh; mwpQh; k`;%j; mg;Jy; `yPk;.

112

,khk; ,g;D ijkpah mth;fs;> jhj;jhhpah;fs; kJghdk; mUe;Jtijj; jLf;f Ntz;lhk;

vd jdJ khzth;fis Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhh;. Vnddpy;> mth;fs; kJghdk; mUe;jpdhy;
Nghijapd; fhuzkhfj; J}q;fptpLthh;fs;. mth;fs; J}q;fptpl;lhy; K];ypk;fs;
mth;fsJ
jPq;FfspypUe;J
jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;s
KbAk;.
mth;fs;
kJghdk;
mUe;jtpy;iyahapd;
,utpYk;
tpopj;Jf;nfhz;b
Ug;ghh;fs;.
tpopj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhy; K];ypk;fisf; nfhiy nra;Jk;> mth;fsJ nrhj;Jf;fis
mgfhpj;Jk; khdgq;fg;gLj; jpAk; ml;lfhrk; Ghpthh;fs;. vdNt> mth;fs;
kJghdk; mUe;Jtjdhy; Vw;gLk; jPq;Ffistpl mUe;jhkypUg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk;
jPq;Ffs; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; vdf; fz;ljdhy;jhd;> jdJ khzth;fisj; jhj;jhhpah;fs;
kj;jpapy; kJghdj;jpw; nfjpuhfg; gpurhuk; nra;a Ntz;lhnkdj; jLj;jhh;fs;.
,t;tplak; njhlh;ghf \hPM $Wk; gy rl;ltpjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 'xU jPikia mijtpl
Nkhrkhd jPikiaf; nfhz;L xopg;gJ $lhJ" vd;gJ xU rl;l tpjpahFk;. 'ed;ikfs;
ngwg;gLtijtpl> jPikfs; Vw;gLtJ jtph;f;fg;gLtJ gpujhdkhdJ" vd;gJ NkYk; xU rl;l
tpjpahFk;. 'xU nghpa jPq;if xU rpW jPq;iff; nfhz;L ePf;f Ntz;Lk;" vdTk; xU
rl;ltpjp $WfpwJ. cjhuzkhf xU gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gjdhy; r%fj;jpy; mijtpl
Nkhrkhd xU ghjpg;G Vw;gLkhapd; mJ xU nghpa jPq;fhff; fUjg;gLk;.
,e;epiyapy; mg;nghpa jPq;F Vw;gLtijj; jtph;g;gjw;F Fwpj;j gpj;mj;ij
vjph;f;fhkypUf;Fk; rpwpa jPq;ifr; nra;tjpy; jtwpy;iy.
4. xopj;j gpj;mj;Jf;Fg; gpujpaPlhf mjid tplr; rpwe;j xd;iw toq;f Kay;jy;
r%fj;jpypUe;J xU gpj;mj;ijf;fisAk; Ntisapy; mjw;Fg; gpujpaPlhf \hPmj;
$Wk; xd;iw Kd;itf;f Kay Ntz;Lk;. xU gpj;mj;jpy; VjhtJ ed;ik ,Ug;gpd; mjid
xopf;Fk;NghJ mjw;Fg; gfukhf KbAkhdtiu \hPM mDkjpf;Fk; xU ew;fU kj;ij
Kd;itf;f Kay Ntz;Lk;. cs;sq;fs; vg;nghOJk; xd;iwg; gpujpaPlhfg; ngwhky;
xd;iw tplhJ. xUth; xU ed;ikia tpLtjhapd; mij xj;j xd;iwNah my;yJ mjidtplr;
rpwe;j xd;iwNah ngw;w gpd;dNu mjid tpl Ntz;Lk;> vd;W $Wk; ,khk; ,g;D
ijkpa;ah> njhlh;e;J gpj;mj;fisr; nra;Nthh; Fiw$wg;gl Ntz;bath;fshfTk;
Fw;wk; fhzg;gl Ntz;bath;fshfTk; ,Ug;gJ NghyNt egpfshupd; ]{d;dhf;fis
tpLNthUk; nraw;gLj;jhNjhUk; fz;bf;fj;jf;fth;fshfNt ,Uf;fpd;wdh; vdf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
5. gpj;mj;Jfis xopg;gijtpl ]{d;dj;Jfis caph;g;gpg;gjpy; $ba ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;
kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gpj;mj;Jfis ,dk; fhl;Lk; mNj Ntisapy; rhpahd ]{d;dhf;fis
mth;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;. gpj;mj;Jf;fis xopg;gjpy; nrYj;Jk;
ftdj;ijtpl ]{d;dhf;fis caph;g;gpg;gjpy; $ba mf;fiw nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
,ghjj;JfspYs;s gpj;mj;Jfis vjph;f;fpd;w gyh; ]{d;dhf;fis vLj;J elg;gjpYk;
mtw;iwg; gpwUf;F VTtjpYk; rpuj;ijaw;wth;fsha; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. me;j
gpj;mj;Jfisr; nra;gth;fspd; epiyiatpl> gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,j;jifath;fspd;
epiy NkhrkhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. cz;ikapy;> khh;f;fk; vd;gJ ed;ikiaf; nfhz;L
VTtJk; jPikapypUe;J jLg;gJ khFk;. ,t;tpuz;by; xd;wpd;wp mLj;jJ epiyf;f
KbahJ vd ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ,f; fUj;ijf; $Wk; mth;>
njhlh;e;J kdpj cs;sq;fs; vg;nghOJk; nray;gLtij tpUk;Gfpd;wdNt md;wp
nraypoe;jpUg;gijay;y vdf; $Wfpwhh;. ,J Xh; cstpay; hPjpahd cz;ikahFk;.
113

6. gpj;mj;Jfis xopg;gJNt KO ,];yhkpa j/ththFk; vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhs;shjpUj;jy;

,];yhkpa gpur;rhuk; vd;gJ gpj;mj;Jfis vjph;j;Jg; NghuhLtNj vdf; fUJtJ
gpioahdjhFk;. ,];yhk; jdf;nfd Xh; Ml;rpiaAk; r%fj;ijAk; ngw;W
NkNyhq;fpapUe;j
fhyg;
gFjpapy;
gpj;mj;Jfis
xopg;gJ
khj;jpuk;
rpyNtis ,];yhkpag; gpurhukhf mike;jpUf;f ,lKz;L. Mdhy; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lk;
mj;jifajy;y. ngUk;ghyhd mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb ,d;W ,];yhk; 'my; Fh;gj;J];
]hdpah"|vDk;
,uz;lhtJ
mehjuthd>
mwpKfkw;w
epiyia
mile;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,];yhk; ,d;W Ml;rpgPlj;jpypy;iy. kdpj tho;tpd; gy JiwfSf;F
mJ ,d;W me;epakhdjhf khwpAs;sJ. mjw;nfjpuhd rjpj;jpl;lq;fs;> mJ
vjph;Nehf;f Ntz;bAs;s rthy;fs; xd;wpuz;ly;y. vdNt> ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilfNs
Ml;lq;fz;Ls;s ,j;jifa xU fhyg;gphptpy; ,ghjj;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gpj;mj;Jf;fis
vjph;g;gNj KO j/thTkhFnkd;W fUJtJ vt;tsT J}uk; mgj;jkhdJ! MfNt
gpj;mj;Jf;fis xopg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rp KO ,];yhkpa j/thtpd; xU gFjpNaahFk;
vd;gjidAk; ,];yhkpag; gpurhufh;fs; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk
7. 'my;`pf;kh"|vDk; Qhdj;ijAk; 'my;kt;,oj;Jy; `]dh" vDk; ey;YgNjrj;ijAk;
filg;gpbj;jy;
'cyfpy; ,U tplaq;fSf;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l epajpfs; fpilah. mtw;wpy;> xd;W
Aj;jkhFk;. mLj;jJ md;ghFk;"|vdf; $Wk; nksyhdh mGy; `]d; myp
ej;tp|'tiuaWf;fg;gl;l epajpfSf;Fl;glhj %d;whtJ Xh; mk;rKk; cz;L. mJ
j/ththFk;"|vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. cz;ikapy;> ,];yhk; gpurhuj;Jf;fhd nghJthd
topfhl;ly;fis khj;jpuNk toq;FfpwJ. ,t;tifapy; 'my;`pf;kh"|vDk; Qhdj;ijAk;>
'my; kt;,oJy; `]dh"|vDk; ey;YgNjrj;ijAk; nfhz;L> re;jh;g;g #o;epiyfisf;
ftdpj;J> j/thtpy; <Lgl Ntz;bAs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpag; gpurhuk;
ntw;wpngw 'my;`pf;kh"|nghpJk; JizGhpa KbAk;. ,jdhy;jhd; my;Fh;MDk;>
mjid typAWj;JfpwJ. ''(egpNa) ePh; ckJ ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; `pf;kh vDk; Qhdj;JlDk;
tpeaj;JlDk; miog;gPuhf""(16:125) `pf;kh vd;gJ tpeaKk; espdKk; gadspf;Fk;
Ntisapy; mtw;iwf; iff;nfhz;L ,];yhkpag; gpurhuk;nra;tJk;> fLikAk;
jPtpuKk; Njitg;gLk; Ntisapy; mt;thW ele;J ,];yhkpag; gzp nra;tJkhFk;. ,e;j
`pf;khtpdbg;gilapy;jhd; eph;g;ge;jj;jpd; NghJ Fg;h; fypkhit nkhoptjw;Fk;
Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ ngha;Aiug;g jw;Fk; Vkhw;Wtjw;Fk; mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ.
,jdbg;gilapy;jhd; K\;hpf;fis xopf;f mth;fisr; Nrh;e;jth;fisNa cjtpahff;
nfhs;tjw;Fk; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njs`Pij epiyehl;l te;j my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;
(]y;) kf;fhtpy; tho;e;j fhyg; gphptpy; my;yh`;tpd; Myakhk; f/gJy;yhtpy;
gy E}W tpf;fpufq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; mtw;iwf; fz;Lk; fhzhjth;fshfg; nghWikiaf;
iff;nfhz;L epjhdkpof;fhky; my;yh`;it tzq;Ftjpy; <LgLtjhdJ my;Fh;Md;
$Wk; Nkyhd `pf;khitr; rhh;e;jjhFk;.
gpj;mj;Jfis
xopf;f
Kw;gLk;nghOJ>
NkNy
Fwpg;gpl;l
mk;rq;fisf;
ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L nraw;gLfpd;w mNj Ntisapy;> kdjpw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba NkYk;
Xh; mk;rk; ahnjdpy;> gpj;mj;Jf; fspy; <LgLNthiu ek;iktpl;Lk; J}ukhd xU
jdpg;
gphptpduhff;
fUjf;$lhJ
vd;gjhFk;.
fypkhit
nkhope;j
midtiuAk; ,];yhkpa tl;lj;Jf;Fs; itj;Nj Nehf;f Ntz;Lk;. 'xUthpd; mfPjhit
mwpahjtiuf;Fk; mtiu ehk; K];ypk; vdf; $wkhl;Nlhk;|vd;w fUj;Jk;
114

gpj;mj;jhdNj" vd mwpQh; mg;Jy; u`;khd; mg;Jy; fhypf; $Wfpwhh;. 'ePh;

ckf;F mwpe;jtUf;Fk; mwpahjtUf;Fk; ]yhk; nrhy;tPuhf"|vd;w egpnkhopiaf;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
,khk; `]Dy; gd;dh> fypkhit nkhope;j midtiuAk; K];ypk;fshf Vw;W>
mth;fis vk;NkhL Nrh;j;J ,izj;J> ,];yhkpa rNfhjuj;Jt cwtpdhy; vk;Kld;
gpizj;J> gpd;dh; jh;gpaj;jpD}lhf mth;fSf;Fr; rhpahd ,];yhk; gw;wpa
tpsf;fj;ijf; nfhLg;gNj KiwahFk; vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mth;fs; xU
re;jh;g;gj;jpy; 'k[y;yJy; ,f;thd;"|vDk; jdJ ,af;f rQ;rpifapy; ,Jgw;wp tpsf;fp
vOjpdhh;. xU nghpa rJuj;ij tiue;J mjd; kj;jpapy; xU rpwpa rJuj;ij tiue;J
nghpa rJuj;jpd; ehY gf;fq;fspYk; 'fypkh ja;apghit"|vOjptpl;L ,];yhj;ijr;
rhpahf
tpsq;fp
Vw;wpUg;Nghh;
vz;zpf;ifapy;
rpwpa
rJuj;ij
xj;jth;fnsd;Wk;> ngUk;ghyhd K];ypk;fs; nghpa rJuj;jpNyNa mlq;Fth;
vd;Wk;> mth;fisAk; K];ypk;fshf Vw;W vk;NkhL ,izj;Jf;nfhs;tNj jkJ nfhs;if
vd;Wk; xU Fwpg;igf; fPNo vOjpapUe;jhh;.
gpj;mj;Jf;fspd;
ghuJ}uk;>
mtw;iwr;
nra;gth;fisg;
nghWj;Jk;
tpj;jpahrg;gLk; vd;gjidAk; ,];yhkpag; gpurhufh;fs; kwe;J tplyhfhJ. xU
nghJkfd; ed;ikia ehb xU gpj;mj;ijr; nra;tjdhy; ghtpahf khl;lhd;. rpyNtis
mtdJ ey;nyz;z j;jpd; fhuzkhf mtDf;F ed;ik$lf; fpilf;f ,lKz;L. mNj gpj;mj;ij
Xh; Mypk; nra;fpd;w nghOJ xU ngUk; Fw;wj;ijr; nra;jjhff; fUjg;gLth;.
,f;fUj;ij ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah> egp (]y;) mth;fspd; gpwe;j ehisf; nfhz;lhLtij
cjhuzkhff; fhl;b tpsf;fpAs;shh;.
crhj;Jizfs;
1. my;-,/jp]hk;-,khk; m\;\hjpgp- ghfk; 2> gf; 293-362
2. my;-Kthgfhj;- ,khk; m\;\hjpgp- ghfk; 3> gf;. 54-56
3. my;-gpj;M-j`;jPJ`h-t- nksfpGy; ,];yhk;-kpd;`h-fyhepjp ,];]j; myp
mjpa;ah gf;;. 189-245
4. ,f;jpohc\;]puhjpy; K];jfPk;- ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah> gf;. 296-298
5. ya;] kpdy; ,];yhk;- m\;n\a;f; K`k;kj; my; f];]hyp> gf;. 64-71
6. `{[;[Jy;yh`py; ghypfh- \h`; typAy;yh`; mj;jp`;ytP> ghfk; 1> gf;
17> 255
7. k[;K/ gjhth ,g;D ijkpah- ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah- ghfk; 13> gf;; 58
8. mh;hp]hyh- ,khk; m\;\hgp<- gf; 27
9. my;- ,`;thDy; K];yp%d;- m`;jh]{d; ]dmjpj;jhhP`; - fyhepjp k`;%j;
mg;Jy; `yPk;> ghfk;-2> gf; 356
10.
ma;dy; fyy;- fyhepjp a+]{g; my;- fh;shtp
11.
gP Mghfpj; jMypk;- ]<j; `t;th> gf; 100
12.
G]{Yd; kpd];]pah]jp\; \u,a;ah gP mj;j/tjp ,yy;yh`; - mg;Jh;
u`;khd; mg;Jy; `hypf;> gf; 107> 199-228

115

Nghijg; nghUs; ghtid: Xu; ,];yhkpa

Nehf;F
Fb Fbiaf; nfLf;Fk; vd;ghHfs;. kJ khj;jpukd;wp vy;yh Nghijg; nghUl;fSk;
jPik gaf;fty;yit. mtw;iw Kw;whfj; jtpHj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd;
epiyg;ghlhFk;.
[h`pypa;ahf;fhy kf;fs; kJghdg; gpupaHfshf ,Ue;jdH. ,];yhk; kJghdj;ij fl;lk;
fl;lkhf> gbg;gbahf jilnra;J> ,Wjpapy; kJg; gof;fj;ij Kw;whf xopj;jJ.
Muk;gj;jpy; kJghdj;jpy; cs;s ed;ikfis tpl jPikfs; mjpfk; vd;W my;FHMd;
$wpaJ. mLj;j fl;lkhf NghijAs;s epiyapy; njhOiff;Fr; nry;y Ntz;lhk; vd;W
jLj;jJ. %d;whk; fl;lkhf ]{uh my;khapjhtpd; 90> 91Mk; trdq;fs; ,wq;fpd:
''tpRthrpfNs! kJghdKk; #jhl;lKk; tpf;fpuf tzf;fKk;> mk;ngwpe;J
FwpNfl;gJk; i\j;jhDila mUtUf;fj;jf;f NtiyfspYs;sitahFk;. MfNt> ,itfspypUe;J
ePq;fs; tpyfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. (mjdhy;) ePq;fs; ntw;wp ngWtPHfs;""
''kJghdj;jpd; %yKk; #jhl;lj;jpd; %yKk; cq;fSf;fpilapy; tpNuhjj;ijAk;
FNuhjj;ijAk; cUthf;fTk; my;yh`;tpd; epidtpypUe;Jk; njhOifapypUe;Jk;
cq;fisj; jLj;JtplTNk epr;rakhf i\j;jhd; tpUk;Gfpwhd;. (MfNt ,itfspypUe;J)
ePq;fs; tpyfpf; nfhs;tPHfsh?""
my;yh`{jMyh ,e;j ,U trdq;fspYk; kJghdj;ijAk; #jhl;lj;ijAk; \pHf;Fld; ,izj;Jf;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. mWtUf;fj;jf;f nray;fs; vd;Wk; tHzpf;fpd;whd;. kJitAk;>
#ijAk; jtpHg;gij ntw;wpf;fhd top vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whd;. NkYk; ,it ,uz;bd;
%ykhfTk; Vw;gLk; r%f uPjpahd jPq;Ffs; vd> cwTfs; mWf;fg;gLtijAk;>
gifikAk; ntWg;Gk; Njhd;WtijAk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. NkYk; jpf;H> njhOif
Kjyhd Md;kPf rd;khHf;f flikfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fj; jilahf ,it ,uz;Lk;
mikfpd;wd vdf; $wp ,tw;wpdhy; tpisAk; Md;kPff; NfLfisAk; my;yh`;
tpsf;Ffpd;whd;.
,e;j my;FHMd; trdq;fis egpj; NjhoHfs;> ,iwtpRthrpfs; vjpHnfhz;l tpjk;
mw;GjkhdJ. my;yh`;tpd; ,e;jf; fl;lisia nrtpkLj;jTld; kJf; fpz;zq;fis ifapy;
itj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;NjhH mg;gbNa mitfis jiuapy; J}f;fp vwpe;jhHfs;.
tPjpfspy; ,Ue;j kJghdg; gPg;ghf;fis cld; nfhl;b tPjpfspy; Xltpl;lhHfs;.
kJghdk; mUe;jpdhy; tpisAk; jPq;Ffisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L gy ehLfs; ngUe;
njhifahd nryTfisr; nra;J kJg;gof;fj;ij xopf;f fle;j fhyq;fspy; Nkw;nfhz;l
eltbf;iffs; vjpHghHj;j ntw;wpia mspf;fj; jtwpaikia ,q;F Fwpg;gpLtJ
nghUj;jkhFk;.
,];yhk; kJghdj;ij `uhkhf;fpAs;sikf;fhd fhuzk; mJ Nghijia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ
vd;gjhFk;. vdNt> xU ghdk; ve;jg; nghUspy; jahupf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk;
NrHkhdq;fs; vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ Nghijia Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;wpUe;jhy; mJ
`uhkhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
116

xU Kiw egpatHfsplk; Njd;> my;yJ ghHyp my;yJ NfhJik Kjyhdtw;wpy;

jahupf;fg;gLk; xUtif kJghdk; gw;wp tpdtg;gl;lJ. mjw;F egpatHfs;> nrhw;
RUf;fj;JlDk;
nghUl;
nrwpTlDk;
gpd;tUkhW
$wpdhHfs;:
'Nghijia Vw;gLj;Jk; midj;Jk; 'fk;H" vDk; kJghdkhFk;. midj;J 'fk;Uk;"
`uhkhFk;." (K];ypk;)
NkYk; mjpf Nghij Vw;gLj;jf;$ba kJghdq;fs; kl;Lkd;wp Fiwthfg; Nghijiaf;
nfhLg;gitAk; `uhkhditahFk;. ,J gw;wp egp nkhop xd;W gpd;tUkhW
$Wfpd;wJ.
;'mjpf Nghij Vw;gLj;jf; $baij Fiwthf cl;nfhs;tJk; `uhkhFk;" (m`;kj;>
mG+jhTj;> jpHkpjp). ,e;j tifapy; kJghdk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; XupU kplHfs;
mUe;JtJk; `uhkhdjhfNt nfhs;sg;gLk;.
kJghdk; mUe;JtJ kl;Lkd;wp mij tpw;gid nra;tJk; `uhkhdjhFk;. xU K];ypk;
kJghdk; tbf;fNth> tpw;fNth> tpw;Fk; ,lj;jpy; Ntiy nra;aNth KbahJ.
kJghdk; njhlHghf egp (]y;) mtHfs;> mjid tbg;gtH> tpw;gtH> thq;FgtH>
Fbg;gtH> Rkg;gtH cl;gl kJghdk; gupkhwg;gLtjw;F NeubahfNth
kiwKfkhfNth gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; gj;Jg; Ngiu rgpj;jhHfs;. ,J njhlHghd
`jP];> ]{dd; jpHkpjp> ]{dd; ,g;Dkh[h Mfpa fpue;jq;fspy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.
,J kl;Lkd;wp '`uhj;Jf;F top rikf;Fk; topfis milj;jy;" vd;w ,];yhj;jpd; rl;l
tpjpapd; mbg;gilapy; jpuhl;irg; gok; tpw;gid nra;tJ `yhyhapDk; mjid
kJghdk; jahupg;gjw;fhf thq;FgtUf;F tpw;gid nra;tJ `uhkhdjhFk;.
gpaH (BEER) mUe;jyhkh?
rpyH BEER mUe;JtJ gpioahdjy;y vd;w fUj;ij nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. gpaH
ghdk; kJghd tifapy; mlq;Fkh ,y;iyah vd;gjpy; NtWgl;l fUj;J ,Ug;gpDk;
rHtNjr Nghij t];J vjpHg;G mikg;ghdJ gpaiuAk; jil nra;ag;gl;l kJghdq;fspd;
gl;baypy; mlf;fpAs;sJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
'Nghij juf;$ba midj;Jk; kJthFk;. midj;J kJTk; `uhkhdjhFk;. Fiwe;j mstpNyh
my;yJ $ba mstpNyh Nghijia Cl;lf; $ba midj;Jk; `uhkhdjhFk;" vd;gJ egp
nkhop. ,e;j tifapy; Nehf;Fk; NghJ gpaupy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; rpwpjsT kJrhukhtJ
cz;L vd;gij kWf;f Kbahj fhuzj;jpdhy; mjid mUe;j MFkhd ghdkhff; nfhs;s
KbahJ.
xU Fbtif r%fj;jpy; kJghdkhff; fUjg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gij itj;J> mjw;F mq;fPfhuk;
toq;f KbahJ. ,jidapl;L egp (]y;) mtHfs; fPo;tUkhW vr;rupj;Js;shHfs;.'vdJ r
%fj;jpy; rpyH kJghdk; mUe;JtH> Mdhy;> mjid mtHfs; NtW ngaH nfhz;L
miog;gtHfshf ,Ug;gH" (e]h<)
gpaH Nghd;w ghdq;fis ehlNtz;ba Njit ,y;yhj msTf;F khHf;fk; mDkjpj;Js;s
nkd;ghd tiffs; (Soft Drinks) ,d;W jhuhskhff; fpilf;fpd;wd. `uhkhdtw;iw
ehlNtz;ba Njit ,y;yhj msTf;F mtw;iw <L nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; mtw;Wf;F

117

gpujpaPlhf gytw;iw MFkhdjhf my;yh`; Mf;fpj; je;Js;sik mtdpd; jdpg;

ngUk; mUshFk;.

kJ kUe;jhFkh?
Neha;fSf;F kUe;jhf
vOg;gg;gLtJz;L.

kJghdj;ij ghtpf;f

KbAkh? vd;w Nfs;tp rpyNghJ

mbg;gilapy; kJghdj;ij kUe;jhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjp ,y;iy.

xUKiw xUtH jhd; kUe;Jf;fhf kJghdk; jahupg;gjhff; $wpdhH. mjw;F egp
(]y;)
mtHfs;:
'mJ kUe;jy;y. cz;ikapy; mJ NehahFk;" vd;whHfs;. (K];ypk;)
kw;nwhU
re;jHg;gj;jpy;
egpatHfs;
gpd;tUkhW
Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;:
'my;yh`; NehiaAk; mjw;fhd kUe;ijAk; ,wf;fpAs;shd;. vdNt> kUe;J
cgNahfpg;gPHfshf. `uhkhdijf; nfhz;L rpfpr;ir ngwhjpUg;gPHfshf."
(mG+jhT+j;)
Nghijg; nghUl;fisg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ ,g;D k];Cj; (uop) mtHfs;
gpd;tUkhW
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shHfs;:
'my;yh`; cq;fSf;F `uhkhf;fpatw;wpy; (Neha;fSf;fhd) epthuzj;ij mikj;J
itf;ftpy;iy" (Gfhup)
kJghdk; `uhkhdjhf ,Uf;f mjid kUe;jhfg; gad;gLj;j mDkjpg;gJ mjpy;
MirA+l;Ltjhf mikAk;. mJ \uPmj;jpd; Nehf;fj;jpw;F KuzhdjhFk;. \uPmj;
xd;iwj; jilnra;jhy; mjid vy;yh tifapYk; jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk;. vy;yh topfspYk; mjid
tpl;Lk; J}ukhf Ntz;Lk;.
kJghdj;ij my;yJ Nghij t];Jf;fis kUe;jhfg; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;W $wp
mDkjpj;jhy;> kdpjHfs; mtw;wpy; ed;ikfs; ,Uf;fpd;wdNt vd;W epahak;
fz;L
Nehapy;yhj
rhjhuz
epiyfspYk;
mtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;JthHfs;.
MapDk;> epHg;ge;jq;fSf;F \uPmj;jpy; tpjp tpyf;Ffs; cz;L. ,e;j tifapy; xU
Nghijg; nghUisNah my;yJ mJ fye;j xd;iwNah kUe;jhf vLf;f Ntz;ba
epHg;ge;jk; ,Ue;jhy; capH Mgj;J Vw;gLk; vd;w epiyapy; mjid tuk;G
kPwhkYk; msT flf;fhkYk; gad;gLj;j mDkjp cz;L.
''vtH epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gLfpwhNuh mtH msT kPwhkYk; tuk;G kPwhkYk;
(,itfisg; Grpj;J tpl;lhy; mJ Fw;wkhfhJ.) epr;rakhf ckJ ,iwtd; kpf
kd;dpg;gtdhfTk; epfuw;w md;GilNahdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;"" (my;md;Mk;:
145)
Ml;nfhy;yp Nghijg; nghUl;fs;

118

kJghdj;ijg; NghyNt fQ;rh> mgpd;> n`Nuha;d; Nghd;w Nghij t];Jf;fSk;

`uhkhditahFk;.
kJghdk; mUe;jpatUf;F ,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpd; gb (`j;) jz;lid epiwNtw;wg;gLk;.
40 my;yJ 50 firabfs; kJghdk; mUe;jpatUf;F toq;fg;gLk;.
n`Nuhapd; Nghd;w kpf Mgj;jhd Nghijg; nghUl;fis flj;JgtHfs;> tpahghuk;
nra;gtHfs;>
MfpNahUf;F
kuzjz;lid
toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;
vd;gJ
etPd
fhy ,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQHfspd; rd;khHf;fj; jPHg;ghFk;.

Gifj;jy; `uhkhFk;
kJghdk;> Nghijt];j;Jf;fisg; gw;wpg; NgRk;NghJ Gifg;gpbj;jy; gw;wpa
\uPmj; epiyg;ghl;ilAk; ehk; fye;JiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk;.
,d;W ghtidapy; ,Uf;Fk; rpfnul;> RUl;L> gPb Nghd;wit Muk;g fhyj;jpy;
gutyhf ,y;yhky; ,Ue;j fhuzj;jpdhYk; ,tw;Wf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Gifapiy
Kjyhdtw;wpdhy; tpisAk; Rfhjhuf;NfLfs; gw;wp md;W mwpag;glhky; ,Ue;j
fhuzj;jpdhYk; Gifj;jy; gw;wpa njspthd khHf;fj; jPHg;ig Muk;gfhy ,khk;fs;
toq;ftpy;iy. mz;ikf; fhyk; tiu Gifapiyapd; jd;ik> Gifj;jyhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfs;
gw;wpa mwpTG+Htkhd> tpQ;Qhd uPjpapyhd njspthd KbTfs;
ngwg;glhjjdhy; Gifg;gpbj;jy; gw;wpa jPHg;gpYk; ,];yhkpa mwpQHfs;
kj;jpapy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; epytp ,Uf;fpd;wd.
rpyH Gifj;jy; kf;&`; vd;whHfs;. NtW rpyH Kgh`; (gpioahdjy;y) mJ MFkhdJ
vd;whHfs;. kw;Wk; rpyH `uhk; vd;W jPHg;G toq;fpdhHfs;. jw;fhyj;jpy;
ngUk;ghyhd Mypk;fs; Gifj;jiy `uhk; vd;Nw fUJfpwhHfs;. Gifj;jy; `uhkhdJ
vd;gjw;F epahakhd gy fhuzq;fisf; fhzKbfpwJ. mtw;iwr; RUf;fkhf fPNo
Nehf;FNthk;.
1. Nghijia Vw;gLj;Jjy;:
Gifj;jy; Nghijia Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf Muk;g gof;fKilNahUf;Fr; rpwpJ
$LjyhfNt Nghij Vw;gLfpwJ. Vida Nghijt];Jf;fisg; ghtpg;gjd; %yk;
Vw;gLfpd;w msTf;Fg; Nghij Vw;glhj NghJk;> kpff; Fiwe;j mstpyhtJ
Gifg;gtHfs; Nghij nfhs;fpwhHfs;. 'Fiwe;jsT Nghijia Vw;gLj;jf;$baJk;
`uhkhdJ" vd;gJ egpnkhop.
2. NrhHit Vw;gLj;Jjy;:
Gifg;gjdhy; Nghij Vw;gLtjpy;iy vd;W thjpg;NghUk; Gifj;jy; NrhHit
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gij kWg;gjpy;iy. egpatHfs; cly; cWg;Gf;fspy; NrhHit
119

Vw;gLj;jf; $batw;iwAk; jLj;Js;shHfs;. ,J gw;wpa `jP]; K];dj; m`;kj;>

mG+jhT+j;
Kjyhd
fpue;jq;fspy;
gjpthfpAs;sJ.
,tw;Wld; Gifg;gjdhy; %d;W tifahd jPikfs; tpisfpd;wd.
i.cly;eyDf;F Vw;gLk; NfL:

Gifg;gjdhy; cly;eyDf;F Vw;gLk; gaq;fukhd ghjpg;Gf;fisg; gw;wpAk;

Rfhjhuf; NfLfisg; gw;wpAk; etPd kUj;Jtk; kpf tpupthfg; NgRfpwJ. xU
fhyj;jpy; Gifj;jyhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; gw;wp cWjpahd> Kbthd
mwptpay; uPjpahd Ma;Tfs;> KbTfs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gjdhy; ,J gw;wpa
epiyg;ghLfSk; NtWgl;ld. Mdhy; ,d;W ,jd; NfLfs; Fwpj;J vj;jifa re;Njfj;ijAk;
Vw;gLj;j Kbahj msTf;F ,J gw;wpa Ma;Tfs; cWjp nra;Js;sd. tUlhe;jk; Gifj;jy;
njhlHghd Neha;fspdhy; 2.5 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; tajhtjw;F Kd;djhfNt ,wg;gjhf
cyf Rfhjhu ];jhgdj;jpd; gzpg;ghsH ehafk; njuptpf;fpwhH. mjhtJ xt;nthU
13 tpdhbfSf;Fk; xU kuzk; ,jd; %yk; rk;gtpf;fpwJ. kw;WNkhH Ma;tpd;gb
Gifg;gjdhy; jpdKk; 300 NgH nfhy;yg;gLfpwhHfs;. ,d;DNkhH Ma;tpd;gb
jpdKk; ,uz;L rpfnul;Lf;F Nky; Gif gpbg;gtHfspy; ehd;fpy; xUtH tajhtjw;F
Kd;Ng ,wf;fpwhH.
Gifj;jyhy; gyNtWgl;l Neha;fs; cUthfpd;wd. Gifg;gpbg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk;
Neha;fspy; Gw;WNeha; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. gytpjkhd Gw;WNeha;fs;
,Uf;fpd;wd. gpw Gw;WNeha;fisf; fhl;bYk; EiuaPuy; Gw;WNehahy;
mjpfkhd kf;fs; kuzkilfpwhHfs;. 90% f;Fk; mjpfkhd EiuaPuy; Gw;WNeha;>
Gifg;gpbg;gjdhy; Vw;gLtjhf cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; $WfpwJ. ,e;j Neha;
njhw;wpf;
nfhs;Sk;
mghak;>
Gif
gpbf;fhjtHfisf;
fhl;bYk;
Gifg;gpbg;gtHfSf;F 15 klq;F mjpfkhfTs;sJ. njhz;il my;yJ tha;g;Gw;W
Neha; mghaj;ij Gifg;gpbj;jy; Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ. NkYk; Gifg;gpbf;fhjtHfis tpl
Gifg;gpbg;gtHfs; czTf;Foy;> ,iug;igg; Gw;WNehapdhy; ,wf;Fk; mghak;
mjpfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Gifg;gpbf;fhjtHfis tpl Gifg;gpbg;gtHfs; rpWePHg;ig
kw;Wk; rpWePuf Gw;WNeha; Mfpatw;whYk; jhf;fg;gLk; Mgj;Jk; mjpfk; vd
Ma;Tfs; $Wfpd;wd.
Gifg;gpbj;jy; ,ja Neha;fSf;Fk; Kf;fpa fhuzkhf tpsq;FfpwJ. Giff;fg;gLk;
rpfnul;bd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupf;Fk; msTf;F khuilg;G Vw;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gk;
jPtpukilfpwJ.
rpfnul;by; epNfhbd; mlq;fyhd 4000 NfL tpistpf;Fk; ,urhadg; nghUl;fs;
,Ug;gjhf
tpQ;Qhdk;
$WfpwJ.
Gw;WNeha;fs;> ,Uja Neha;fs; kl;Lkd;wp Gifg;gpbg;gjhy; mghafukhd
Rthrf; NfhshWfSk; Vw;gLtjhf mwptpay; Ma;Tfs; $Wfpd;wd. khHGr;rsp>
M];Jkh> vk;gP]pkh (Emphysema) cl;gl kw;Wk; gy Rthrf; NfhshW Neha;fis
Gifj;jy;
jPtpug;gLj;JfpwJ
vd;gjw;F
Nghjpa
mwptpay;
Mjhuq;fs;
fpilf;fpd;wd.
Gifg;gpbj;jy; ,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuj;jpw;Fk; CWtpistpf;Fk; vd;gJk; kUj;Jtk;
$Wk;
kw;WNkhH
cz;ikahFk;.
nrhj;ijg;gy;> gy;tpOjy;> <W tPf;fk;> thapy; JHehw;wk; Kjyhd gy
120

Neha;fSf;Fk;
Gifj;jy;
fhuzkhf
mikfpwJ.
NkYk; Gifj;jy; EfHjpwidf; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. cgNahfpf;Fk; kUe;Jfspd; gad;jUk;
jpwidf; Fiwf;fpwJ. Flw;Gz; Neha;fis jPtpug;gLj;JfpwJ.
,Jtiu fz;l tpsf;fq;fspypUe;J Gifg;gpbj;jy; cly; eyid vt;thW fLikahfg;
ghjpf;fpwJ vd;gij tpsq;f Kbe;jJ. ,t;thW kdpjdpd; Rfhjhuj;jpw;F CW
tpistpf;ff; $bad ,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; `uhkhditahfNt nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
my;FHMd; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwJ:
''cq;fis ePq;fNs nfhy;y Ntz;lhk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ kpfTk;
md;GilNahdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;""(me;ep]h: 25)
''NkYk; cq;fis ePq;fNs mopTf;F cl;gLj;jpf; nfhs;shjPHfs;"" (my;gfuh:195)
kdpjDf;F NfLtpistpf;Fk; midj;ijAk; egpfshH jLj;Js;shHfs; vd;gjw;F gy
`jP];fs; Mjhukhf cs;sd. ,];yhkpa \uPM rl;lq;fis tFf;Fk;NghJ ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;Sk; mbg;gilahd tpjp> 'eyd;fs; - ed;ikfs; tpisjy; Ntz;Lk;. jPq;Ffs;>
NfLfs;
jtpHf;fg;gly;>
my;yJ
jLf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;"
vd;gjhFk;.
Gifg;gpbg;gjdhy; tpisfpd;w %d;W tifahd NfLfspy; cly;eyj;jpw;F Vw;gLk;
NfLfisg; gw;wpNa ,Jtiuf;Fk; fye;JiuahbNdhk;. ,uz;lhk; tiff; NfL nghUs;
e\;lkhFk;.

ii. nghUs; e\;lk;:

Gifg;gpbg;gjdhy; gzk; tpuakhfpwJ. clYf;Nfh> Md;khTf;Nfh

gaDkspf;fhj xd;wpw;fhf gzk; tpuakhf;fg;gLfpwJ. tPz;tpuak;
egpatHfs; jLj;Js;shHfs;. my;FHDk; ,jidf; fz;bf;fpwJ.

vj;jifa
nra;tij

''tPz;tpuak; nra;ahjPHfs;> Vnddpy; kpjkpQ;rpr; nryT nra;NthH i\j;jhDila

rNfhjuHfs;""
tPz;tpuak; gw;wp ,khk; ,g;D `];k; gpd;tUkhW $wpapUf;fpwhH:
tPz;tpuak; nra;tJ `uhkhFk;. tPz;tpuak; (%d;W tifg;gLk;)
1. my;yh`; tpyf;fpatw;wpy; nryT nra;tJ. mJ xU nfhRtpd; ,wf;ifasT
mw;gkhf
,Ug;gpDk;
rupNa.
2. mtrpak; Njitaw;w xd;wpy; nryTnra;jy;. ,e;jr; nrytpdhy; Fwpj;j egupd;
nry;tepiy
mfYk;
Mgj;J
Vw;gLk;NghJ
mJTk;
tPz;tpuakhFk;.
3. nry;tj;ij tPzhf tPrpnawpjy;> ,J Fiwe;jsTilajhf ,Ug;gpDk; rupNa...
iii. Md;khTf;F Vw;gLk; jPq;F

121

Gifj;jYf;F gof;fg;gl;ltHfs; jkJ kNdhtypikia ,oe;J> ,j;jPa gof;fj;jpw;F

mbikahfp tpLfpd;wdH. VNjh fhuzj;jhy; Gifg;gpbf;fpd;w re;jHg;gj;ij
,of;fpd;w Ntisapy; ,j;jifNahupd; eltbf;iffs; vt;tsT J}uk; NftykhdjhfTk;
fPo;j;jukhdjhfTk;
mikfpd;wd
vd;gij
mtjhdpf;f
KbAk;.
vdNt> Rfhjhu fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;fpdhYk;> nghUshjhu fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
ghHj;jhYk;> Md;kpff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mZfpdhYk; Gifg;gpbj;jy; `uhkhdJ
vd;w fUj;Nj kpifj;J> gykhdjhf tpsq;FfpwJ. my;yh`;Nt ahtw;iwAk; ed;F
mwpe;jtd;.

jpUkzk; xH ,];yhkpaf; fz;Nzhl;lk;

,];yhk; jdpkdpjHfis cUthf;fp mtHfis nfhz;l FLk;gq;fis mikj;J ,Wjpapy; jd;
nfhs;if topr; r%fk; xd;iwf; fhz;gij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l khHf;fkhFk;. ,];yhj;jpd;
,yf;Ffspy; FLk;gk; gpujhd ,lj;ijg; ngWfpd;wJ. xU FLk;gk; cUthtjw;F
mj;jpthukhf miktJ Mz; ngz; cwthFk;. cyf tho;T epiyg;gjw;Fk; ,dg;
ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk; kdpj Fyk; cw;gl midj;J capupdq;fspd; ,Ug;Gf;Fk; topahf
my;yh`; mikj;jpUg;gJ Mz; ngz; cwitahFk;. mZ Kjy; midj;jpYk; ghy;
NtWghL fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Mz; ngz; ,UghyhUf;Fk; ,ilNa ,iwtd; xU tif <Hg;ig ,ay;ghfNt
itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. ,jid ,df;ftHr;rp vd;ghHfs;. grp> jhfk; vOtJ Nghy
ghYzHTk; ,ay;ghd xd;whFk;. kpUf cyfk;> jhtu cyfk; cw;gl vy;yh
capupdq;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; mit ,ay;ghd ,df;ftHr;rpahy; ce;jg;gl;L
,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy; <LgLfpd;wd. ,t;thW mit vj;jifa fl;Lg;ghLfSkpd;wp cwT

122

nfhs;tjw;F ,iwtd; mDkjp mspj;Js;shd;. Mdhy;> kdpjidg; nghWj;jtiuapy;

mtd; ghYzHtpd; fbthsj;ij fl;Lg;ghLfspd;wp Rje;jpukhf tpl;LtpLtij my;yh`;
mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. kdpjd; nfsutkhdtd;. mtdJ vy;yh eltbf;iffSk; nfsutkhdjhf
mikjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; epiyg;ghL. ,e;j tifapy; Mz;> ngz; cwT
jpUkzk; vd;w cld;gbf;iff; $lhf Gdpjkhd xd;whf mikjy; Ntz;Lk; vd ,];yhk;
typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.
r%fk; vd;w tpUl;rj;jpw;F tpj;jhf miktJ FLk;gk;. FLk;gk; vd;w epWtdj;jpd;
Eiothapy; jpUkzkhFk;. ,g;gpd;dzpapNyNa ,];yhk; jpUkzj;jpw;F ngupJk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. ,isQHfis kztho;Tf;F J}z;Lfpd;w gy my;FHMd;> ]
{d;dh thf;fpaq;fis fhzKbfpd;wJ. jpUkzk; vd;gJ cyfpy; Njhd;wpa ,iwJ}jHfs;
midtupdJk; topKiwahFk; vd;gij FHMDk; ]{d;dhTk; cWjpnra;fpd;wd. ,J
gw;wp
my;FHMd;
gpd;tUkhW
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
NkYk; (egpNa) cq;fSf;F Kd;G gy J}jHfis ehk; mDg;gpNdhk;. mtHfSf;F
kidtpkhHfisAk; Foe;ijfisAk; nfhLj;jpUe;Njhk;.
,J
njhlHghd
xU
egpnkhopAk;
,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
ehd;F tp\aq;fs; ,iwj;J}jHfspd; topKiwg;ghw;gl;litahFk;. mitahtd fj;dh nra;J
nfhs;sy;> eWkzk; G+Rjy;> gy; Jyf;Fjy;> jpUkzk; Kbj;jy;.(Mjhuk; :
jpHkpjp)
jpUkzk;
vd;gJ
my;yh`;tpd;
XH
mj;jhl;rp
vd;Wk;
my;FHMd;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. nghUshjhu gpur;rpidf;F mQ;rp kzk; Kbf;fhky; ,Ug;gJ
gpioahdJ@ xUtH FLk;g tho;it Jtq;Ffpd;w NghJ my;yh`; mtUf;F
vy;yhtifapYk; cjtpf;fuk; ePl;Lfpd;whd; vd;Wk; ,];yhk; $Wfpd;wJ. ,J gw;wp
Fwpg;gpLk;
xU
`jP];
gpd;tUkhW:
%tUf;F cjtp nra;tJ my;yh`;tpd; kPJ flikahFk;: fw;nghOf;fj;ij ehb jpUkzk;
Kbg;gtH> cupikr; rPl;L vOjg;gl;l mbik> ,iwg;ghijapy; NghuhLk;
Nghuhsp. (m`;kj;> e]h<)

kztho;tpd; gad;fs;
,isQHfis jpUkzj;jpw;F J}z;Lk; tifapy; jpUkzj;jpdhy; tpisAk; ed;ikfisg;
gw;wpAk;
,];yhk;
NgRfpd;wJ.
kdpjdplk; fhzg;gLk; czHr;rpfspy; ghYzHNt kpfTk; gykhdJ. mijj;
jPHj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhd ,ay;ghdJk;> nfsutkhdJk;. ghJfhg;ghdJkhd topahf
jpUkzk; mike;jpUg;gjhf ,];yhk; fUJfpd;wJ. Foe;ijr; nry;tj;ijg; ngWtJ
jpUkzj;jpd;
kw;WnkhU
tpisthFk;.
cyf
tho;T
epiyg;gjw;Fk;
,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk; topahf my;yh`; mikj;jpUg;gJ Mz; ngz; cwitahFk;.
jpUkzj;jpw;$lhf Foe;ijr; nry;tk; ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ xU Kf;fpa
vjpHg;ghHg;G vd;gjdhNyNa egp (]y;) mtHfs; Foe;ijfisg; ngw;nwLf;ff; $ba
ngz;fis
jpUkzk;
Kbf;FkhW
J}z;bdhHfs;.
kdmikjpAk;
csj;jpUg;jpAk;
jpUkzj;jpd;
%yk;
vjpHg;ghHf;fg;gLk;
123

kw;WnkhU ed;ikahFk;. ve;j kdpjDk; tho;f;ifj;Jidapd;wp kdmikjpia ngWtJ

rpukrhj;jpakhdjhFk;. XH MZk; ngz;Zk; jpUkzj;jpw;$lhf ,izfpd;w NghNj
,UtuJ tho;Tk; epiwT ngWfpd;wJ. ,t;Tz;ikia my;FHMd; gpd;tUkhW
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ:
ePq;fs; MWjy; ngWtjw;Fupa Jizia cq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj cq;fSf;fhf mtd;
gilj;jpUg;gJk; cq;fSf;fpilNa ctg;igAk; md;igAk; Vw;gLj;jp ,Ug;gJk; mtDila
mj;jhl;rpfspy; cs;sjhFk;.
jha;ik czHitAk; (MOTHERHOOD) je;ij czHitAk; (FATHERHOOD) ngWtjw;fhd
topahf tpsq;FtJk; kztho;thFk;. rNfhjud; (Brotherhood) rNfhjup (Sisterhood)
Kjyhd cwTfs; Njhd;WtJk; jpUkzj;jpd; topapyhFk;. ,j;jifa czHTfSk;
cwTfSk; ,d;wp kdpj tho;T epiwthf mikahJ. RWRWg;G> Cf;fk;> cw;rhfk;>
nghWg;GzHr;rp Kjyhd kdpj tho;T tsk; ngw Njitahd gz;Gfis kztho;T
tsHg;gjhf
Ma;thsHfs;
$Wfpd;wdH.
jpUkzk;
Kbj;jtHfspd;
MAs;
gpukr;rhupfspd; MAis tpl $bajhf mikfpwJ vd;gJk; Ma;TfSf;$lhf
njupate;Js;sJ. md;whl tho;tpd; nghWg;Gf;fis fztd; kidtpf;fpilNaAk;
FLk;gj;jpd; VidacWg;gpdHfSf; fpilNaAk; mofhf gfpHe;J nfhz;L epiwTlDk;
epk;kjpahfTk; tho;tjw;Fk; jpUkz tho;T topaikj;Jf; nfhLf;fpd;wJ.
rPuhd FLk;gq;fs; ,ize;Nj gu];gu md;Gk; Gupe;JzHTk; xj;Jiog;Gk; nfhz;l xU
rpwg;ghd r%fk; Njhd;w KbAk; vd;w tifapYk; FLk;g tho;tpy; Eiothapyhf
tpsq;Fk; jpUkzk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ.
jpUkzk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; jPHg;G
kztho;tpy; ehl;lKk; mjw;Fupa rf;jpAk; nfhz;ltH njhlHe;Jk; jpUkzk;
Kbf;fhky; ,Ue;jhy; jhd; topjtwp tplf;$Lk; vd mQ;Rk; NghJ mtH jpUkzk;
nra;J nfhs;tJ fl;lha flikahFk;. kztho;tpy; ehl;lk; ,Ue;Jk; mjw;fhd tha;g;igg;
ngwhjtH jdJ fw;igg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifatHfSf;F egpatHfs;
gpd;tUkhW topfhl;bdhHfs;. ,isQHfNs! cq;fspy; kzk;Kbf;f rf;jp ngw;wtH
kzKbf;fl;Lk;. mJ ghHitiaj; jho;j;jpf; nfhs;sTk; fw;igg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;
cjtpahf mikAk;. kzKbf;f Kbahj epiyapy; ,Ug;gtH Nehd;G Nehw;fl;Lk;. mJ
mtuJ
,r;iria
mWf;ff;$bajhf
,Uf;Fk;.
gpd;tUk;
my;FHMd;
trdKk;
,j;jifatHfSila
ftdj;jpw;FupajhFk;.
(jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; trjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shjtHfs; my;yh`; jdJ
NguUshy; mtHfis trjpgilj;jtHfshf Mf;Fk; tiu mtHfs; fw;Gld; ele;J
nfhs;sTk;.) (24: 33)
xUtUf;F kztho;tpy; ehl;lKk; mjw;fhd rf;jpAk; trjpAk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;
kzKbf;fhj NghJ jhd; topjtwptplyhk; vd;w gak; ,y;yhj NghJ mtH jpUkzk;
nra;J nfhs;tJ Rd;dj;jhFk;. ,j;jifatH $l kztho;tpy; EiotijNa ,];yhk;
tuNtw;fpd;wJ> typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. xU tzf;fthspapd; tzf;fk; mtH jpUkzk;
Kbf;fhjtiu KOikailahJ vd;w ,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) mtHfspd; $w;W
rpe;jidf;FupajhFk;.
jhk;gj;jpa cwtpy; <Lgl KbahjtUk;> FLk;gj;jpw;F Njitahd tho;f;ifr; nryit
toq;f KbahjtUk; jpUkzk; Kbj;jy; MfhJ vd;gJk; \uPMtpd; epiyg;ghlhFk;.

124

kztho;f;if elhj;jf; $ba rf;jp> tha;g;G trjpfs; ,Ue;Jk; kztho;it Jwe;J

gpukr;rhupahf tho;tij> Jwtuk; G+Ztij ,];yhk; mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. FLk;g
tho;f;ifiag; Gwf;fzpj;J tzf;f topghLfspy; jPtpu MHtk; fhl;ba rpy
egpj;NjhoHfis egpatHfs; vt;thW fz;bj;J newpg;gLj;jpdhHfs; vd;gij
tuyhw;wpy; fhzyhk;. c];khd; ,g;D ko;Cd;> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mk;upg;Dy;
M]; Mfpa ,UtUk; ,e;j tifapy; egpatHfshy; topg;gLj;jg;gl;ltHfshtH.
,];yhkpa jpUkz xOq;Ffs;:
Jizj; njupT
jpUkzk; vd;gJ tho;f;ifg; gazj;jpd; xUtifj; Jtf;fkhFk;. kidtp vd;gts; tho;f;ifj;
Jiztpahths;. fztd; vd;gtd; kidtpapd; tho;f;ifj; Jiztdhthd;. Mz;> ngz;
,UghyhUk; jkJ tho;f;ifj; Jizia rupahfj; njupT nra;J nfhs;tjpy; jhd; ,y;yw
tho;tpd; ntw;wp jq;fpAs;sJ. XH MNzh my;yJ ngz;Nzh jdf;Fupa Jiziaj; njupT
nra;Ak; NghJ eilKiwapy; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;Sk; mk;rq;fs; gy fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
gzk;> gjtp> Fyk;> Nfhj;jpuk;> moF vd;W ,g;gl;bay; ePz;L nfhz;Nl
nry;Yk;.
,];yhk;
Jizj;
njuptpy;
ew;Fzj;jpw;Fk;
ed;dlj;ijf;Fk;
Kf;fpaj;JtKk;
Kd;DupikiaAk; nfhLf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; XH Mz;
jdf;Fupa Jidiaj; njupT nra;Ak; NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba tplaq;fSs;
gpd;tUtd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;.
ew;gz;GfSk; ed;dlj;ijAk;
,iw ek;gpf;ifAk; kWikg; gw;wpa tpRthrKk; ,y;yhj xUtuplk; ew;gz;GfisNah
ed;dlj;ijiaNah vjpHghHf;f KbahJ. ,e;j tifapy; Jizj; njuptpy; khHf;fg; gw;W
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,J gw;wpg; NgRk; rpy egpnkhopfs;
gpd;tUkhW.
1. khHf;fg; gw;Wilats; %f;fWg;gl;l mbikahf ,Ug;gpDk; mtNs rpwe;jts;
(,g;D kh[h)
2. khHf;fKs;s ngz;iz Njb mile;J nfhs;> ,y;yhj NghJ eP mope;J tpLtha;
(Gfhup> K];ypk;)
3. cyfk; vd;gJ ,d;gg; nghUshFk;. mjd; ,d;gg; nghUl;fSs; rpwe;jJ
rhyp`hd ngz;zhFk; (K];ypk;)
moFk; mlf;fKk; gzpTk; fl;Lg;ghLk; ek;gpf;ifAk; tpRthrKk; nfhz;l xU ngz;Nz
,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; rhyp`hd ngz;zhf nfhs;sg;gLfpd;whs;. egp (]y;) mtHfs;
xU re;jHg;gj;;jpy; rpwe;j> rhyp`hd ngz;Zf;F gpd;tUkhW tiutpyf;fzk;
nrhd;dhHfs;.
eP mtisg; ghHj;jhy; cd;id kfpo;tpg;ghs;. eP mtSf;F fl;lisapl;lhy; cld;
fl;Lg;gLths;. eP mtis itj;J rj;jpak; nra;jhy; mjid epiwNtw;wp itg;ghs;. eP
tPl;by; ,y;yhj NghJ jd;idAk; cd; nghUisAk; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;ths;. (e]h<)
Foe;ijg; ghf;fpaKilatshf ,Uj;jy;

125

re;jjpia tpUj;jp nra;jy; kztho;tpd; Nehf;fq;fSs; xd;whFk;. vdNt xUtH

jdf;Fupa Jiziaj; njupT nra;fpd;w NghJ Foe;ijfisg; ngwf;$ba ngz;iz njupT
nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; ,];yhj;jpd; topfhl;lyhFk;. ,J gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; xU
`jP]; gpd;tUkhW:
mjpf md;Gk; Foe;ijg; NgWk; nfhz;l ngz;fis kzKbg;gPHfshf. kWikapy; ehd;
Vida r%fq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; cq;fsJ vz;zpf;ifia itj;J ngUikg;gLNtd;.
xU ngz; Foe;ijg; NgWilatsh vd;gij mtsJ FLk;gj;jpy; jpUkzk; Kbj;Js;s Vida
ngz;fis itj;J cWjpnra;J nfhs;syhk;.
moF
moif tpUk;GtJ kdpjHfspd; ,ay;ghd gz;ghFk;.
moFzHr;rp vd;gJ
my;yh`;tpd; gz;ghfTk; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F gpd;tUk; egp nkhop Mjhukhf
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
(my;yh`;
mofhdtd;.
mtd;
moif
Nerpf;fpd;whd;.)
moif mile;J nfhs;shj cs;sk; epiwT ngwhJ. moF vd;gJ xt;nthUtuJk; ghHit>
Nehf;F> ,urid> tpUg;G ntWg;G Kjyhdtw;iwg; nghWj;J NtWgLk; vd;gJk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
,e;j tifapy; jpUkzj;jpd; NghJk; xUtH jdJ Jizapd; moif ftdj;jpw; nfhs;tJ
gpioahdjy;y. xU Kiw my;KfPuh ,g;D \{/gh (uop) vd;w egpj; NjhoH xU
ngz;iz jpUkzk; Kbf;f Kd;te;jhH. ,J gw;wp egpatHfsplk; mtH Fwpg;gpl;l
NghJ
mtHfs;
gpd;tUkhW
MNyhridf;
$wpdhHfs;.
ePH Ngha; me;jg; ngz;izg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJNt cq;fs; ,UtH kj;jpapYk;
md;Gk;
gpizg;Gk;
epiyg;gjw;F
topaikf;Fk;.
jpUkzk; Ngrg;gLk; ngz;izg; ghHj;J mtjhzpg;gjw;fhf FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;j
ngz;fis mDg;gp itg;gjw;Fk; ]{d;dh mDkjp toq;fpapUg;gijf; fhzyhk;.
fd;dpg; ngz;izj; njupT nra;jy;
xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; VyNt jpUkzk; Kbj;j xU tpjitia tpl fd;dpg; ngz;izj; njupT
nra;tJ ey;yJ vd;gJ egpatHfspd; topfhl;lyhFk;. xU Kiw [hgpH ,g;D
mg;jpy;yh`; (uop) mtHfs; xU tpjitiaj; jpUkzk; Kbj;jij mwpe;j egp (]y;)
mtHfs; me;egpj;Njhoiug; ghHj;J>ckf;F xU fd;dpg; ngz; fpilf;ftpy;iyah?
vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F mtH jdJ kuzkhd je;ijf;F gy rpW ngz;gps;isfs;
,Ug;gjhfTk; mtHfis guhkupg;gjw;F xU tpjitg; ngz;Nz nghUj;jkhdts;
vd;Wk; mjdhy;jhd; jhd; xU tpjitia kzk; Kbj;jjhfTk; tpsf;fk; nrhd;dhH.

taJ> FLk;gg; gpd;dzp> r%f me;j];j;J> nghUshjhu epiy Kjyhdtw;iw ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;sy;
,y;yw tho;T ntw;wpfukhf mika Nkw; Fwpj;j mk;rq;fSk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngWfpd;wd. egp (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ kfs; ghj;jpkhit mG+gf;fH (uop)> ckH
126

(uop) MfpNahH kzKbf;f tpUk;gpa NghJk; mtHfSf;F kzKbj;J itf;fhky; myp

(uop)
mtHfSf;F
kzKbj;J
itj;jik
ftdpf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.
xU ngz;Zk; jdf;Fupa tho;f;ifj; Jiztid njupT nra;Ak; cupikiag;
ngw;wpUf;fpwhs;.
xU tpjitia mtsJ KbT ngwg;glhky; jpUkzk; nra;J itj;jyhfhJ@ fd;dpg;
ngz;izAk; mtsJ rk;kjj;ijg; ngwhky; jpUkzk; nra;J itf;ff; $lhJ vd;gJ
egpatHfspd; fl;lisahFk;. egp (]y;) mtHfs; ,t;thW $wpaNghJ my;yh`;tpd;
J}jNu mtsJ rk;kjk; vg;gb ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd ]`ghf;fs; tpdtpaNghJ egp
(]y;) mtHfs; mtsJ nksdNk mtsJ rk;kjkhFk; vd;whHfs; (Gfhup> m`;kj;)
xU tpjit mtsJ nghWg;Gjhupia (typ) tpl mtsJ tptfhuj;ijj; jPHkhzpf;ff; $ba
mUfijAk; jFjpAk; cilatshths;. xU fd;dpg; ngz;izg; nghUj;j tiuapy; mtsJ
rk;kjk; Nfhug;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mtsJ nksdNk mtsJ rk;kjkhFk; (K];ypk;>
jpHkpjp> e]h<) vd;w egpnkhopAk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
`d;]h gpd;j fpjhk; my;md;]hupah vd;w tpjitg; ngz;iz mtspd; je;ij mtsJ
tpUg;gj;jpw;F khw;wkhf xUtUf;F kzk; Kbj;J itj;jhH. mg;ngz; ,J gw;wp
egpatHfsplk; Kiwg;ghL nra;aNt md;dhH mj;jpUkzj;ij nry;Ygbaw;wjhf
Mf;fpdhHfs;. (Gfhup> jpHkpjp> ,g;D kh[h)
kw;nwhU re;jHg;gj;jpy; xU fd;dpg; ngz; egpatHfsplk; te;J jdJ je;ij jdJ
tpUg;gj;;jpw;F khw;wkhf jd;id xUtUf;F kzk; Kbj;J itj;Js;sjhf Kiwg;gl;lhs;.
,jidf; Nfl;l egp (]y;) mtHfs; mj;jpUkzj;ij me;jg; ngz;zpd; njuptpw;F
tpl;lhHfs;.
(mG+jhT+j;>
,g;D
kh[h)
Nkw;fz;l `jP];fs;> jhd; tpUk;ghj jdf;F jpUg;jp ,y;yhj xUtiu kzk; Kbj;J itf;f
~typ| Kidfpd;w NghJ mjid kWf;fpd;w epuhfupf;fpd;w cupik xU ngz;Zf;F
cz;L vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. cz;ikapy; jfg;gNdh my;yJ ~typ| Mf ,Ug;gtNuh
xU ngz;iz mts; tpUk;ghj XH MZf;F epHg;ge;jpj;J kzk; Kbj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk;
cupikiag; ngw;wtH my;y.
VyNt jpUkzk; Kbj;J gpd;dH tpjitahd xU ngz;izg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mts;
jpUg;jp fhzhj xUtUf;F mtis kzk; Kbj;J itg;gjw;F vtUf;Fk; ve;j cupikNah
mjpfhuNkh ,y;iy vd;gJ ,khk;fspd; VNfhgpj;j epiyg;ghlhFk;. taJ te;j xU
fd;dpg; ngz;izg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; mtisAk; Fwpg;gpl;l XH Miz kzk; Kbf;f
epHg;ge;jpf;f KbahJ vd;gNj ngUk;ghyhd mwpQHfspd; fUj;jhFk;. gUt taij
mile;j xU fd;dpg; ngz;zpd; nry;tj;ij mtsJ mDkjpapd;wp ifahs;tjw;F mtsJ
je;ijf;Nfh kw;nwhUtUf;Nfh mDkjpapy;iy vd;gJ Kbthd fUj;jhFk;. nghUs;
tplaj;jpNyNa \uPmj; ,j;jifa xU epiyg;ghl;ilf; nfhs;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; KO tho;TlDk;
njhlHghd jpUkz tplaj;jpy; vt;thW ~typ| jhd; tpUk;gpa Kbit vLf;Fk;
cupikiag; ngWthH?!! capH> nghUis tpl NkyhdJ. jpUg;jpapy;yhj epiyapy;
Jtq;Fk; FLk;g tho;tpdhy; tpisAk; NfLfSf;F Kd;dhy; nghUs; e];lk; myl;bf;
nfhs;sj;jf;fjy;y.
MapDk; xU Atjp mDgt FiwtpdhYk; KjpHr;rpapd;ikf; fhuzkhfTk; rpyNghJ
jdJ tho;f;ifj; Jiztidj; njupT nra;tjpy; jtW ,ioj;J tpl tha;g;Gz;L. ,jdhy; \uPmj;>
jdJ nghWg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; Atjpf;fhd fztidj; njupT nra;J kzKbj;J itf;Fk;
nghWg;ig je;ij Kjyhd ~typ| fSf;F toq;fpAs;sNjhL jdJ ~typ| apd; njupit
127

Vw;Fk; cupikiaAk; kWf;Fk; cupikiaAk; me;jg; ngz;Zf;F mspj;Js;sJ.

mt;thNw jFjpaw;w> nghUj;jkw;w xUtid jdJ nghWg;gpy; cs;s ngz; njupT
nra;jhy; mjid epuhfupf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ij ,];yhk; ~typ| f;F toq;fpAs;sJ.
MapDk; ,d;W eilKiwapy; xU ngz; jdf;Fupa fztid Rje;jpukhf njupT nra;Ak;
cupikia gy NghJ ,oe;J tpLfpd;whs;. mtsJ tpUg;G> ntWg;ig tpl jha;>
je;ijapd; tpUg;G> ntWg;Ng $ba Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. jhd; tpUk;ghj
NghJk; je;ijapd; tpUg;gk;> jhapd; njupT vd;gjw;fhf xUtUf;F tho;f;ifg;gLk;
epiy ngz;fspy; gyUf;F Vw;gLfpd;wJ. FLk;g tho;f;ifapy; gy;NtW
gpur;rpidfSk; rpf;fy;fSk; Njhd;Wtjw;F ,J xU Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mikfpd;wJ.
,jdhy;jhd; ,khk; mG+`dpgh (u`;) Nghd;NwhH ,J tplaj;jpy; kpf fz;bg;ghd
epiyg;ghl;ilf;
nfhz;bUe;jdH.
xU jfg;gNdh my;yJ ~typ| Mf ,Uf;Fk; kw;nwhUtNuh taJ te;j xU fd;dpg;
ngz;iz jpUkzj;jpw;F epHg;ge;jpf;f KbahJ. jfg;gdhapDk; my;yJ kw;nwhU
~typ| ahapDk; jpUkz tplaj;jpy; mtsJ rk;kjj;ijf; NfhUjy; Ntz;Lk;. mts; cld;
gl;lhNyNa jpUkz xg;ge;jk; nry;YgbahFk;@ ,y;yhj NghJ nry;YgbahfhJ. ,J
,khk; mG+ `dpgh Nghd;Nwhupd; \uPM epiyg;ghlhFk;.
MapDk; xU fd;dpg; ngz;izg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mts; mwpT mDgtk;>
KjpHr;rp Kjyhdtw;wpy; Fiwe;jtshf ,Uf;Fk; fhuzj;jpdhy; mtSila vjpHfhyk;
gw;wp mtsJ jfg;gd; Kjyhd ~typ| khNu jPHkhzpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd NtW gy
,khk;fs; fUJfpd;wdH. ,J tplaj;jpy; mtsJ tpUg;G ntWg;ig myl;bf; nfhs;s
Ntz;bajpy;iy vdTk; $Wfpd;wdH. ,f;fUj;ij cila ,khk;fSk; mtsJ rk;kjj;ijg;
ngWtJ tuNtw;fj;jf;fJ vd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wdH.
xU fd;dpg; ngz; ed;dlj;ij> FLk;gk;> njhopy;> r%f me;j];j;J> nghUshjhuk;
Kjyhd xd;wpy; jkf;F jFjpaw;w xUtiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Kw;gLk; NghJ
mjid Ml;Nrgpj;J jil nra;tjw;F jfg;gd; Kjyhd ~typ| khUf;F cupikAz;L
vd;gNj ,khk; mG+ `dpgh Nghd;w mwpQHfSk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdH
vd;gJk;
,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
vdNt> xU ngz;Zf;Fupa kzthsid njupT nra;Ak; NghJ ngw;NwhH KjyhNdhH
kpfTk; tpopg;GlDk; ftdkhfTk; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jdJ nghWg;gpy; cs;s
ngz; gps;isapd; rhHgpy; mtSf;Fupa kzthsidj; njupT nra;Ak; NghJ ~typ|
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba mk;rq;fis ,];yhk; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sJ.
jpUkzk; vd;gJ xUtif mbikj;jisahFk;. vdNt xUtH jdJ ngWkjpkpf;f ngz;iz jhd;
ahuplk; xg;gilf;fpd;whH vd;gjidf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;gJ egp thf;fhFk;.
(ig`fp)
,khk; f];]hyp (u`;) mtHfspd; gpd;tUk; $w;W fdaPHg;igg; ngwNtz;ba
xd;whFk;.
ngz;gps;isj; njhlHgpy; kpff; ftdkhf ele;J nfhs;tJ kpfTk; Kf;fpak;. Vnddpy;
mts; jpUkzj;jpw; $lhf jg;gpf; nfhs;s Kbahj xU tif mbikahf khWfpd;whs;.

128

Mdhy; XH Mizg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtDf;F ,yFtpy; tpthfuj;ijg; ngUk;

tha;g;Gz;L.
,e;j tifapy; xUtH jd; fPo; ,Uf;Fk; ngz;Zf;F xU ghtpiaNah my;yJ
mepahaf;fhuidNah my;yJ Fog;gthjpiaNah jpUkzk; nra;J itg;gJ ngUk;
Fw;wkhFk;. gpioahd njupit nra;jjw;fhf mtH my;yh`;tpd; Nfhgj;jpw;Fk;
rhgj;jpw;Fk; cw;gl Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
vtH jdJ ngz;iz xU ghtpf;F jpUkzk; Kbj;J itf;fpd;whNuh mtH mtSldhd jdJ
,uj;j cwit mWj;jtuhthH (,g;D `pg;ghd;) vd;gJ egpnkhopahFk;.
RUq;ff; $wpd; xU ngz;Zf;Fupa kzthsid njupT nra;Ak; NghJ gpd;tUk;
mk;rq;fs; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
khHf;fg;gw;W> ey;nyhOf;fk;> ed;dlj;ij
rd;khHf;ff; flikfis xOq;fhf epiwNtw;whj> ghtq;fis jtpHe;J elf;fhj xU ghtpf;F
fw;nghOf;fKs;s xU ngz;iz jpUkz Kbj;J itf;fyhfhJ. ghtj;jpy; tplhg;gpbahf
,Uf;Fk; xUtDf;F xU ngz;iz jpUkzk; Kbj;J itf;fyhfhJ vdf; $Wfpd;whHfs;
,khk; ,g;D ijkpah mtHfs;.
xU Kiw xUtH `]d; (uop) mtHfsplk; te;J> vdf;nfhU kfs; ,Uf;fpwhs;. mtis
ehd; ahUf;F jpUkzk; Kbj;J nfhLf;fl;Lk; vd tpdtpdhH. mjw;F mtHfs;>
my;yh`;it gae;J thOk; xUtUf;F mtis kzk; Kbj;J itg;gPuhf. mj;jifatd; mtis
tpUk;gptpl;lhy; fz;zpakhf elhj;Jthd; mtsps; ntWg;G Vw;gl;L tpl;lhNyh
mtSf;F mepahak; ,iof;f khl;lhd; vd;whHfs;.
gpd;tUk;
egp
nkhopAk;
,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
khHf;fj;jpYk; gz;ghl;bYk; ePq;fs; jpUg;jp fhZk; xUtH cq;fsplk; te;Jtpl;lhy;
mtUf;F cq;fsJ gps;isia jpUkzk; Kbj;J itAq;fs;. mt;thW ePq;fs; nra;a
tpy;iyahapd; G+kpapy; Fog;gKk; ngUk; rPH FioTk; cUthFk;.
kzthsdpd; FLk;gg; gpd;dzp
mwgpfs; FLk;gg; gpd;dzpf;F $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;JtH. FLk;gk;> Fyk;>
Nfhj;jpuk; ghHg;gij rl;l mwpQHfs; ~fghmj;| vDk; ngaupy; toq;FtH.
jFjpghHj;jy;> nghUj;jk; ghHj;jy; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshFk;. ,t;thW jpUkzj;jpd;
NghJ jFjp ghHf;f KbAkh? vDk; tplaj;jpy; mwpQHfs; kj;jpapy; fUj;J NtWghL
epyTfpd;wJ. nghJthf Nehf;Fkplj;J khHf;fg; gw;Wk; ew;FzKk; ed;dlj;ijAk;
xU kzthsDf;F NghJkhd jfikfshFk;. ,jdhNyNa mgPrPdpa mbikahf ,Ue;j
gpyhYf;F Fiw\pauhd mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;g; mtHfspd; rNfhjup jpUkzk;
Kbj;J itf;fg;gl;lhH. egp (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ khkp kfshd i]dig jdJ mbikahf ,Ue;j
i]Jf;F kzk; Kbj;J itj;jhHfs;.ve;jnthU K];ypk; MZk; ve;jnthU K];ypk;
ngz;Zf;Fk; nghWj;jkhdtH@ jFjpAilatH vd;w kpf Kw;Nghf;fhd khHf;fj;
jPHg;ig ,khk; ,g;D `];k; toq;fpAs;shH.

129

MapDk; eilKiwapy; FLk;g tho;f;ifapy; caHTr; rpf;fy;> jho;Tr; rpf;fy; Kjyhd

cstpay; gpur;rpidfs; cUthfp FLk;g tho;T rpf;fyhfp tplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhfNt
rpy ,khk;fs; jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ jFjp ghHj;jiy xU epge;jidahf Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l mk;rq;fNshL ngz; fd;dpg; ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhy; VyNt jpUkzk;
Kbf;fhj xUtiu kzthsdhfj; njupT nra;tJ tuNtw;fj;jf;fJ. mt;thNw mtupd;
nghUshjhu trjpia ftdj;jpw; nfhs;tJk; gpioahdjy;y. Mdhy; khHf;fg;gw;Wk;
ew;Fz> ey;nyhOf;fKNk Kf;fpaj;JtKk; Kd;DupikAk; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;.
tho;f;ifj; Jiziaj; njupT nra;tjpy; ,];yhk; $Wk; ,j;jifa topfhl;ly;fis ftdj;jpw;
nfhz;L nraw;gl;lhy; jpUg;jpahd> epiwthd ,y;yw tho;T fpl;Lk;. ,it
Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLk; NghJ FLk;g tho;T frf;Fk;@ ftiyAk; ifNrjKNk filrp tiuj;
njhlUk; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy.

130

ngz;fspd; Mil
ngz;fspd; cil vt;thW mikjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wp my;FHMDk; ]{d;dhTk;
tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
1. mt;uj;
ngz; KOikahf kiwg;Gf;Fupats;> mtspd; KO clYk; mt;uj; MFk; vd;w ]{dDj;
jpHkpjpapy; gjpthfpAs;s `jP]pd; mbg;gilapy; xU ngz; jdJ cliy KOikahf
kiwf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Mil mzpjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J gw;wp my;FHMd; gpd;tUkhW
$Wfpd;wJ:
''NkYk; (egpNa!) K/kpdhd ngz;fsplk; $Wk;: mtHfs; jq;fSila ghHitfisj; jho;j;jpf;
nfhs;sl;Lk;;; jq;fsJ ntl;fj; jyq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk;. jq;fsJ moif ntspapy;
fhl;lhjpUf;fl;Lk;. mjpypUe;J jhkhf ntspNa njupfpd;wtw;iwj; jtpu. NkYk; jq;fSila
khHGfs; kPJ Ke;jhidfisg; Nghl;Lf; nfhs;sl;Lk;.""(me;E}h;:31)
NkNy Fwpg;;gpl;l my;FHMd; trdj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s 'ntspapy; njuptd"
vd;gjd; tpsf;fk; vd;d vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL epyTfpd;wJ. ,J ntspNa njupAk;
Milfs; Kjyhd jtpHf;f Kbahky; ntspNa njupaf; $batw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; vd ,g;D
k];Cj; (uop) mtHfs; fUJfpd;whHfs;. ,khk;fshd `]d; my;g]up> ,g;D ]Pupd;>
e]h< Nghd;NwhUk; ,f;fUj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;shHfs;. ,q;F 'ntspNa njuptd" vd;gJ
Kfj;ijAk; ,U iffisAk; Fwpf;Fk; vd;gJ ,g;D ckH (uop) mtHfspd; fUj;jhFk;.
o`;`hf;> ,f;upkh> mjh (u`;) MfpNahUk; ,f;fUj;ij Mjupf;fpd;wdH. kw;Wk;
rpyH> ,J ntspNa njupaf;$ba Nkhjpuk;> fOj;Jr; rq;fpyp Nghd;wtw;iwf;
Fwpf;Fk; vd;W mgpg;gpuhag;gLfpd;wdH.
nghJthf XH ,];yhkpag; ngz; Kfj;ijAk; ,U iffisAk; %lhky; jpwe;JtpLtJ
njhlHghd rl;lg;gpur;rpid Nkw;fz;l FHMd; trdj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s 'ntspNa
njuptd jtpu" vd;w nrhw;nwhliu itj;Nj vOe;Js;sJ. RUq;ff; $wpd; ,J
tplaj;jpy; ,U fz;Nzhl;lq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
1. KfKk; fuq;fSk; $l njupayhfhJ. mjdhy; Kfj;ijAk; fuq;fisAk; kiwf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. Kfj;ijAk; fuq;fisAk; %l Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy.
ngUk;ghyhd Muk;gfhy ,khk;fs; ,uz;lhk; fUj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,tHfs; jkJ
epiyg;ghl;Lf;F Kd;itf;Fk; rhd;Wfspy; xU `jP]; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. mJ
gpd;tUkhW:
xU Kiw m];kh gpd;j; mgPgf;H (uop) mtHfs; xU nky;ypa Mil mzpe;J
131

u]_Yy;yh`;tplk; te;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,ijf; fz;l egpatHfs; cld; jdJ jpUKfj;ijj;

jpUg;gpf;nfhz;L
gpd;tUkhW
$wpdhHfs;:
'm];khNt! xU ngz; gUtkile;J tpl;lhy; mtspd; clypy; ,jidAk;> ,jidAk; jtpu NtW
vg;gFjpAk; ntspNa njupayhfhJ" vd;W $wp jdJ Kfj;ijAk; ,U fuq;fisAk;
fhz;gpj;jhHfs;. Map\h (uop) mtHfs; mwptpf;Fk; ,e;j `jP]; ]{dd;
mgPjhT+jpy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.MapDk; KfKk;> fuq;fSk; $l 'mt;uj;" vdf; $Wk;
cykhf;fs; ,e;j `jP]pd; mwptpg;ghsH tupirapy; cs;s xU Nfhshiwr;
Rl;bf;fhl;b ,jid xU gytPdkhd `jP]; vdf; $Wfpd;wdH.
nghJthf xU ngz; jdf;Nfh jd; %yk; gpwUf;Nfh 'gpj;dh" Vw;glhJ vd;W
fhz;fpd;wNghJ jdJ Kfj;ijAk; iffisAk; %lhky; jpwe;Jtpl mDkjp ngWfpwhs;.
Mdhy; ftHr;rpAk; moFk; cs;s xU ngz; xU gf;Ftkw;w r%fj;jpy; Kfj;ijAk;
iffisAk; $l kiwj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij ngUk;ghyhd mwpQHfs;
nfhz;Ls;shHfs;. ,q;F iffs; vd;gJ kzpf;fl;Lf;F fPo; cs;s gFjpiaNa Fwpf;Fk;.
mjw;FNky; cs;s gFjp mt;uj; MFk; vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL ,y;iy.
2. fdkhd Mil
ngz;fspd; Milf;Fupa ,uz;lhk; epge;jid mzpAk; Mil fdkhdjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjhFk;. Nkdpia - clyikg;ig ntspf;fhl;Lk; nky;ypa Jzpahf mJ ,Uj;jy; $lhJ.
Mil nky;ypa Jzpahy; mike;jpUg;gij xU tif epHthzkhf ,];yhk; fUJfpd;wJ. egp
(]y;)
mtHfs;
$wpdhHfs;:
'vdJ ck;kj;jpy; gpe;jpa fhyj;jpy; rpy ngz;fs; Njhd;WthHfs;. mtHfs; Mil mzpe;j
epHthzpfshf ,Ug;ghHfs;. mtHfspd; jiyfspd; Nky; xl;lfq;fspd; jpkpy; Nghd;wit
(jiyKb itf;fg;gl;L) ,Uf;Fk;. mtHfisr; rgpAq;fs;. epr;;rakhf mtHfs; rgpf;fg;gl;l
tHfNs. (my;yJ rgpf;fg;gl Ntz;batHfNs.)"(mj;jguhdp)
nky;ypa
Mil
mzpAk;
ngz;fs;
jkJ
clypd;
tdg;ig>
ftHr;rpia
ntspf;fhl;LgtHfshtH. ,tHfs; Mil mzpe;Jk; epHthzkhf fhl;rp jUgtHfshtH vd;w
fUj;ijNa egp (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j `jP]pd; %yk; nrhy;fpd;whHfs; vd ,khk; ]
{A+j;jp $Wfpd;whHfs;.
,t;thW miuFiwahf Mil mzpAk; ngz;fis vr;rupf;Fk; kw;WnkhU `jP]{k; ,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
',U gpuptpdH eufthjpfs; MtH. mtHfis ehd; fz;ljpy;iy. (mtHfSs;) xU rhuhH
khl;bd; thiyg; Nghd;w rhl;ilfis itj;jpUg;gH. mtw;iwf; nfhz;L kf;fis mtHfs;
mbg;gH. kWrhuhH cil mzpe;j epiyapy; epHthzkhf ,Uf;Fk; ngz;fshtH.
mtHfs; (jPa topapy;) nry;tJld; (gpwiuAk;) jPa topapy; nrYj;JtH. mtHfspd;
jiyfs; Mb mirAk; xl;lfq;fspd; jpkpy;fisg; Nghd;W fhzg;gLk;. ,j;jifatHfs;
Rtdk; Eioa khl;lhHfs;. mjd; thiliaf; $l Efukhl;lhHfs;." (K];ypk;)
3. ,Wf;fkw;w cil
ngz;fspd; Milf;Fupa %d;whk; epge;jid mzpAk; Mil ,Wf;fkhdjhf clYld;
xl;bajhf ,Uj;jy; $lhJ. khwhf jsHthf> jhuhskhdjhf> ngupjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
132

Mil ,Wf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy; mJ clyikg;igf; fhl;Lk;. ,J ngz;Zf;Fupa ,];yhkpa cilapd;

Nehf;fj;ijg; gho;gLj;jp tpLk;.
'ngz;fs; Ke;jhidfshy; jq;fs; khHGfis kiwj;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk;" vd;w my;FHMdpd;
fl;lis mUsg;gl;lNghJ ngz;fs; jk; nky;ypa Milfis iftpl;ldH. jbj;j (fk;gsp
Nghd;w) Jzpfshy; Ke;jhidfisj; jahupj;Jf; nfhz;ldH vd M,\h (uop) mtHfs;
$Wfpd;whHfs;. (mG+jhTj;)
xUKiw egp (]y;) mtHfs; jdf;Fg; guprhff; fpilj;j xU vfpg;jpa Milia c]hkh
(uop) mtHfSf;Ff; nfhLj;jhHfs;. mtH mjid jdJ kidtpf;F mzpaf; nfhLj;jhH. egp
(]y;) mtHfs;> ePH mzpatpy;iyah? vd c]hkhtplk; Nfl;lNghJ> mjid mtH jdJ
kidtpf;Ff; nfhLj;J tpl;ljhff; $wpdhH. mg;NghJ md;dhH> 'mjid mzpAk;NghJ
mjDs;Ns XH cs;shilia mzpe;J nfhs;Sk;gb $Wk;. Vnddpy; mJ mtsJ clypd;
fl;likg;ig fhl;Ltjhf ,Uf;FNkh vd ehd; mQ;Rfpd;Nwd;" vd;whHfs;. ,e;j `jPi]
,khk;fshd m`;kj;> mj;jguhdp> my;ig`fp> ,g;D ]mj; MfpNahH gjpT
nra;Js;sdH. ,e;j `jP]; gytPdkhd xd;W vd rpyH $wpaNghJk; ,khk; j`gp
Nghd;wtHfs; ,e;j `jP]pd; ek;gfj;jd;ikia cWjp nra;Js;sdH.
4. kzk; G+rhik
ngz;fs; jhk; mzpAk; MilfSf;F eWkzk; G+rf;$lhJ vd;gJk; kw;WnkhU
epge;jidahFk;. ,Jgw;wp egp (]y;) mtHfs; vr;rupf;if nra;jhh;fs;:
'xU ngz; kzk; G+rp> mjd; eWkzj;ij xU $l;lj;jpdH EfUk; tifapy; mtHfisf;
fle;J nry;thshapd; mts; xU tpgrhupahths;."
MapDk; xU ngz; tPl;by; jdJ fztDf;F Kd;dhYk; Foe;ijfs;> k`;ukpfSf;F
kj;jpapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJk; eWkzq;fisg; G+rpf; nfhs;tjpy; jtwpy;iy. mt;thNw
ntspapYk; JHehw;wk; tPRk; epiyapy; mjidg; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; msTf;F
khj;jpuk; ,Nyrhf eWkzk; G+rpf;nfhs;sTk; mDkjp cz;L.
5. Mz;fSf;F xg;ghfhjpUj;jy;
ngz;fspd; Mil Mz;fspd; Milia xj;jjhf ,Uj;jy; $lhJ vd;gJk; xU epge;jidahFk;.
,jw;F gpd;tUk; egpnkhopfs; Mjhuq;fshf cs;sd:
'Mz;fisg; Nghd;W Mil mzpAk; ngz;fSk;> ngz;fisg; Nghd;W Mil mzpAk;
Mz;fSk; vq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfs; my;y." (m`;kj;> e]h<> `hfpk;)
'egp (]y;) mtHfs; ngz;fSf;Fupa Milfis mzpAk; Mz;fisAk;> Mz;fSf;Fupa
Milfis mzpAk; ngz;fisAk; rgpj;jhHfs;." (mG+jhTj;> ,g;Dkh[h> `hfpk;)
'%tH Rtdk; Gfkhl;lhHfs;. my;yh`; kWikapy; mtHfis VnwLj;Jk;
ghHf;fkhl;lhd;. (mtHfs; ahnudpy;) jdJ ngw;NwhUf;F mepahak; nra;jtd;>
Mz;fisg; Nghd;W ele;J nfhs;Sk; ngz;> jdJ kidtp tpgrhuj;jpy; <LgLtij

133

mq;fPfupj;J
mjw;F
xj;jhirahf
(m`;kj;> ,g;D `{i]kh> ,g;D `pg;ghd;)

,Ug;gtd;

MfpNahuhthH."

6. fhgpHfSf;F xg;ghfhjpUj;jy;
fhgpuhd ngz;fspd; Milfis xj;jjhfTk; K];ypk; ngz;fs; mzpAk; Mil mikjy; $lhJ.
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mk;H (uop) mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;:
'ehd; kQ;rs; epwj;jpyhd ,U Milfis mzpe;jpUg;gijf; fz;l egp (]y;) mtHfs;> ,it
fhgpHfSila Milfs;. vdNt ,tw;iw mzpahjPH!" vd;whHfs;. (K];ypk;)
7. vspikahdit
r%fj;jpy; GfioAk; gpugy;aj;ijAk; ehb fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; tUk; etPd
tbtikg;Gf;fspy; Mil mzptJk; jtpHf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mzpAk; Mil gy
th;zq;fspYk;>
epwq;fspYk;
Ntiyg;ghL
fSlDk;
$bajhf
mikahky;
vspikahdjhfTk; ftHr;rpaw;wjhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
,Jtiu ehk; Fwpg;gpl;l epge;jidfSf;Fk; tiuaiwfSf;Fk; cl;gl;l MilNa xU
ngz;Zf;Fupa
,];yhkpa
cilahFk;.
XH
,];yhkpag;
ngz;
ntspapy;
nry;Yk;
NghJ
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
epge;jidfSf;Fl;gl;l MilfisNa mzpe;J nry;yy; Ntz;Lk;. \uPmj; $Wk; `p[hg;
cilf;fhd Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l epge;jidfs; FHMd;> ]{d;dhtpd; xspapy;
ngwg;gl;litahFk;.
`p[hgpd; gad;fs;
ngz;fs; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l \uPM tiuaiwfisg; Ngzp cilazptjdhy; mtHfs;
,k;ikapYk; kWikapYk; milAk; ed;ikfSk; gad;fSk; msg;gupad. cz;ikapy;
ngz;fSf;F ,];yhk; tiuaiw nra;Js;s `p[hg; cil mtHfSf;F xU nfsutkhFk;. mJ
mtHfSf;F r%fj;jpy; me;j];j;ijAk;> kjpg;igAk; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fpwJ. xU
ngz;zpd; fw;nghOf;fj; jpw;Fk;> mlf;fj;jpw;Fk;> ehzj;jpw;Fk; mts; mzpAk;
`p[hg; cil rhd;whf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,jdhy; mtis fhz;NghH mtis kjpf;fpwhHfs;;.
nfsutpf;fpwhHfs;;;;. nfl;l vz;zj;Jld; mtis mZf Kida khl;lhHfs;. me;j tifapy;
`p[hg; cil ngz;zpd; ghJfhg;;gpw;fhd cj;juthjkhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,e;j cz;ikia
my;FHMd; mofhfr; nrhy;fpwJ.
''egpNa! cq;fsJ kidtpfs;> cq;fsJ Gjy;tpfs; kw;Wk; K/kpd;fspd; kidtpaH
MfpNahuplk; $WtPuhf! mtHfs; jq;fs; Ke;jhidfis jk;kPJ Nghl;Lf; nfhs;sl;Lk;. ,J
mtHfis mwpag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtHfs; njhy;iyfSf;F cs;shfhky; ,Ug;gjw;Fk; kpfTk;
Vw;w KiwahFk;."" (m`;]hg; :59)
,e;j trdj;jpy; 'mtHfs; mwpag;gLtjw;F" mtHfspd; '[py;ghg;" vDk; Ke;jhid
cjTk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ,e;j mlf;fkhd cil> me;jg; ngz; xU nfsutkhd>
fw;Gila> mlf;fKk;> ehzKk; cila J}a;ikahd xU ngz; vd;gij gpwu; mwpa

134

cjTk; vd;gjhFk;. xU ngz; `p[hig Ngzhj NghJ vt;thW ghJfhg;ig ,of;fpwhs;

vd;gij egp (]y;) mtHfs; gpd;tUkhW tpsf;FfpwhHfs;:
'vtNuDk; xU ngz; jdJ fztdJ tPly;yhj kw;w ,lq;fspy; jdJ Milfis fisthshapd;
mts; jdf;Fk; my;yh`;Tf; FkpilNa cs;s jdf;fhd ghJfhg;ig -kiwg;igjfHj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhs;."
,e;j `jP]pd; %yk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wtUk; fUj;J ahnjdpy;> xU ngz; jdJ
Milfisf; fistjd; %yk; jdf;fpUe;j ghJfhg;ig ePf;fp me;epaUf;F jdJ moif fhl;Lk;
NghJ mts; my;yh`;tpd; ghJfhg;gpy; ,Ue;J ePq;fpf; nfhs;fpwhs; vd;gjhFk;.
NkYk; ngz;fs; `p[hg; cilia \uPM tiuaiwfisg; Ngzp Kiwahf mD\;bf;fpd;w
NghJ r%f cWg;gpdHfSk; #oYk; J}a;ik ngw topgpwf;fpwJ. `p[hg; ghHitf;F
jpiuapLfpwJ. jPa vz;zq;fs; Vw;glhky; ,Uf;f topaikf;fpwJ. gpj;dh tpistij jLf;f
JizGupfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; cs;sq;fs; J}a;ik ngWfpd;wd. mj;Jld; `p[hg; NehAw;w
cs;sq;fSf;F NtypahfTk; mikfpd;wJ. fhyf;fpukj;jpy; mj;jifa cs;sq;fSk; $l
jpUe;jp J}a;ik mila ,J toptFf;fpwJ.
''(egpapd; kidtpahd) mtHfsplk; ePq;fs; VNjDk; Nfl;f Ntz;Lnkd;why; jpiuf;Fg;
gpd;dhy; ,Ue;J NfSq;fs;. cq;fsJk;> mtHfsJk; cs;sq;fspd; J}a;ikf;F ,JNt kpfTk;
Vw;w KiwahFk;.""(m`;]hg;:53)
,];yhk; ntl;;fnkDk; gz;Gf;F $ba Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fpwJ.
'xt;nthU kjj;jpw;FKupa xU tpN\l xOf;fg; gz;G cz;L. ,];yhj;jpw;Fupa xOf;fg;
gz;G ntl;fkhFk; vd;whHfs; egp (]y;) mtHfs;." (Ktj;jh)
'ntl;fk; <khd; rhHe;jJ. <khd; Rtdj;jpw;FupaJ" vd;gJk; xU egpnkhop.
(jpHkpjp)
'ntl;fKk; <khDk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,ize;jit. gpd;dpg;gpiz e;jit. ,tw;Ws; xd;iw
vLj;Jtpl;lhy; kw;wJk; vLgl;L tpLk;" vd;w `jP]{k; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
(`hfpk;)
,e;jsT Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ntl;f czHT Mz;fis tpl ngz;fsplk; mjpfk;
vjpHg;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
mj;jifa
ntl;f
czHtpd;
milahskhfTk;
ntspg;ghlhfTk; ,Ug;gNj ngz;fSf;Fupa ,];yhkpa cilahFk;.
Map\h (uop) mtHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;: 'u]_Yy;yh`p (]y;) mtHfSk; vdJ je;ijAk;
mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;l miwapDs; ehd; vdJ Nkyhil ,y;yhJ gpuNtrpg;gJ
tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. mtHfs; ,UtUk; vdJ fztUk;> je;ijAk; jhNd vd;w fUj;jpNyNa
mg;gb ehd; ele;J nfhz;Nld;. vdpDk; ckH (uop) mtHfs; mq;F mlf;fg;gl;l
gpd;dH mjdhy; vdf;Nfw;gl;l $r;r czHtpd; fhuzkhf ehd; Nkyhilapy;yhJ me;j
miwapDs; gpuNtrpg;gjpy;iy." (,g;D m]hfpH)

135

me;epa MltH tplaj;jpy; md;id Map\h (uop) mtHfs; vj;jifa fUj;ij

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; vd;gij ,r;rk;gtk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhNyNa
mtHfs; ,g;gb ele;J nfhz;lhHfs; vd;why; capNuhbUg;gtHfSf;F Kd;dhy;
vg;gb ele;J nfhz;bUg;ghHfs; vd;gij Cfpf;f KbAk;.
cz;ikapy; me;epa Mz;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ngz;fs; ,e;jsT ehzj;JlDk; mlf;fkhfTk;
ele;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; vjph;;ghHg;ghFk;.
kw;nwhU egpnkhop ,q;F vkJ rpe;jidf;FupajhFk;.
'my;yh`; ehzkpf;ftd;. kpfTk; kiwe;jpUf;ff; $batd;. mtd; ntl;fj;ijAk;>
kiwg;igAk; tpUk;Gfpwhd;." (mG+jhTj;)
,e;j `jP]; ntl;f czHtpw;Fk; kiwj;jYf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s ,Wf;fkhd njhlHig vLj;Jf;fhl;l
NghJkhdjhFk;.
midj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf `p[hg; <khdpdJk;> jf;thtpdJk; ntspg;ghlhf
tpsq;FfpwJ. my;yh`; my;FHMdpy; <khd; nfhz;l ngz;fis tpspj;Jj;jhd; `p[hig
mzpAkhW gzpf;fpwhd;. <khdpd; ngauhNyNa ,J gw;wpa fl;lisfs; te;Js;sd.
''egpNa! K/kpdhd ngz;fisg; ghHj;Jf; $Wq;fs;"" K/kpd;fspd; kidtpaH|vd;Nw
`p[hg; gw;wpa trdq;fs; mike;Js;sd.
gD}jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;j rpy ngz;fs; xU Kiw md;id Map\h (uop)
mtHfisr; re;jpf;f te;jhHfs;. mtHfs; nky;ypa Mil mzpe;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,ij
mtjhdpj;j Map\h (uop) mtHfs;> mtHfisg; ghHj;J gpd;tUkhW $wpdhHfs;:
'cz;ikapy; ePq;fs; K/kpdhd ngz;fshapd; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j Milfs; <khd;
nfhz;ltHfSf;Fupa Milfs; my;y. ePq;fs; <khd; nfhs;shj ngz;fshapd; ,jid
mzpAq;fs;."
'`p[hg;" vd;gJ ngz;fs; jkJ 'mt;uj;"ijAk;> moifAk;> clypd; ftHr;rpahd
gFjpfisAk; %bkiwj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,];yhk; je;Js;s cil mikg;ghFk;. ,jw;nfjpuhdJ
'jgHU[;" vDk; tl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk;.
'rpyNtis xU ngz; kw;wtupd; ftdj;ij <Hf;Fk; vz;zj;Jld; jiyia %Lk; Jzpia
gspr;rpLk; gy tz;z epwj;jpy; ftHr;rpfukhf mzpe;jhy; mJTk; 'jgHU[;" vDk; jil
nra;ag;gl;l ftHr;rpfhl;lyhFk;;" vd nksyhdh nksJ}jp (u`;) mtHfs; jdJ
my;`p[hg;
vDk;
E}ypy;
tpsf;FfpwhHfs;.
`p[hgpw;F vjpuhd 'jgHU[;" Ij; jilnra;Ak; my;FHMd; trdk; gpd;tUkhW
$WfpwJ:
''NkYk; cq;fSila tPLfspy; jq;fpapUq;fs;. Kd;ida [h`pypa;ahf; fhyq;fspy; (ngz;fs;)
ntspg;gLj;jpaJ Nghd;W ntspg;gLj;jhjPHfs;.""(m`;]hg;: 33)
cikah gpd;j; Uifah (uop) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ijj; jOTtjw;fhf egpatHfsplk; te;jNghJ
md;dhH mtUf;Fg; gpd;tUkhW mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;:

136

'ePH my;yh`;Tf;F vjidAk; ,izitf;ff;$lhJ> jpUlf; $lhJ> tpgrhuj;jpy; <Lglf;

$lhJ> ePH ckJ Foe;ijfisf; nfhy;yf; $lhJ> mtJ}W $wyhfhJ> Xykpl;L mOJ
Gyk;gf; $lhJ> ePH [h`pypa;aj;jpy; Nghy 'jgHU[;" vDk; moifNah
ftHr;rpiaNah ntspf;fhl;lf; $lhJ." (m`;kj;)
,q;F egp (]y;) mtHfs; ngUk;
Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gijf; fhzKbfpwJ.

ghtq;fspd;

tupirapy;

'jgHU[;"iaf;

j/th ghijapy; vjph;Nehf;Fk; jilfs;

j/thtpd; ghij kyh;fs; J}tg;gl;l> fk;gsq;fs; tpupf;fg;gl;l> nrhFrhd ghijay;y.
mJ fuLKulhd xU ghij. fw;fSk; Kw;fSk; kype;j ePz;l neLk; ghij. ,jpy; gazk;
nra;Ak; jh,fs; kyh; khiy #b tuNtw;fg;glg; Nghtjpy;iy. fw;fSk;
td;nrhw;fSNk mth;fis tuNtw;ff; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wd.
,g;ghij ,g;gb mikaNtz;Lnkd;gJ my;yh`;tpd; epajpahFk;. ,J Rtdj;Jf;fhd ghij.
RtdNk my;yh`;tpd; gz;lk;. mjidg; ngWtjw;F ngupa tpiy nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,g;ghijapy; rj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; mrj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; vd;Wk; Nghuhl;lk; ele;J
nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. gpur;rpidfnsd;gJ jtph;f;f Kbahj xd;wha; mike;jpUf;Fk;.
vdNt> j/thtpd; ghijapy; nry;Nthh; mtrpak; jilfis vjph;nfhs;sTk;
gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk;nfhLf;fTk; jahuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;Fh;Md; $Wtjidf;
NfSq;fs;:
''kdpjh;fspy;
rpyh;
,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
mth;fs;
ehq;fs;
my;yh`;it
tpRthrpf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $Wfpd;wdh;. vdpDk;> mth;fSf;F my;yh`;tpd;
topapy; VJk; Jd;gNkw;gl;lhy; kdpjh;fshy; Vw;gLk; mj;Jd;gj;ij my;yh`;tpd;
137

Ntjidiag; Nghy Mf;fpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ck; ,iwtdplkpUe;J cq;fSf;F VJk; cjtp

fpilj;J tpl;lhy;> epr;rakhf ehq;fs; cq;fSld; jhd; ,Ue;Njhk; vd;W
$Wfpd;wdh;. cyfj;jhupd; cs;sq;fspy; cs;stw;iw my;yh`; ed;fwpe;jtd;
my;yth? tpRthrk; nfhz;lth;fisAk; epr;rakhf my;yh`; ed;fwpthd;. NkYk;
eatQ;rfh;fisAk; mtd; cz;ikapy; mwpthd;."" (my;md;fG+j; : 10)
''cq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;wth;fSf;F Vw;gl;lJ Nghd;w epiy cq;fSf;F tuhkNyNa
ePq;fs; Rtdj;jpy; Eioe;J tplyhnkd;W epidj;Jf;nfhz;Bh;fsh? J}jiuAk; mtUld;
tpRthrk; nfhz;Nlhh;fisAk; f\;lq;fSk; Jd;gq;fSk; gpbj;J my;yh`;Tila cjtp
vg;nghOJ tUk; vd;W mq;fyha;f;Fk; msTf;F mth;fs; Ml;b itf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;.
mt;Ntisapy; epr;rakhf my;yh`;tpd; cjtp rkPgj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ (vd;W
$wg;gl;lJ)."" (my;gfuh : 214)
,g;ghijapy; nrd;w u]{y;khh;fs;> egpkhh;fs; cl;gl midj;Jr; rj;jpa rPyh;fSk;
Nrhjpf;fg;glNt nra;jdh;. ,g;ghijapy; mbnaLj;J itj;NjhUk; gazk; nra;NthUk;
Nrhjidfis vjph;Nehf;ftpy;iyahapd; f\;l e\;lq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; epiyf;F
cl;gltpy;iyahapd; mth;fs; xU Kiw jk;ghijiaj; jpUk;gpg; ghh;f;f
Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. cz;ikapy; jhk; j/thtpd; ghijapy; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gJ
rPh;J}f;fpg; ghh;f;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
,g;ghijapy; nry;Nthh; ,t;thW Nrhjpf;fg;gLtjw;Fk; jilfis vjph;Nehf;Ftjw;Fk;
gpd;dhy; Nkyhd gy Nehf;fq;fs; ,Ug;gijf; fhzKbAk;. ,t;tk;rj;ij Fh;Md; ]
{d;dhtpd;
ntspr;rj;jpy;
Nehf;Fk;
NghJ
my;yh`{j;jMyh
fPo;tUk;
Nehf;fq;fSf;fhfj; jdJ ghijapy; nry;Nthiu> jd;Dila cyfpy; ];jhgpg;gjw;fhf
ciog;Nghiur; Nrhjpf;fpd;whd; vd;gijf; fhzyhk;. mitahtd:
1. <khdpd;
cz;ikahsh;fsha;j;
jpfo;Nthiu
mjpy;
ngha;ah;fshf
,Ug;NghupypUe;J
gpupj;jwpjy;.
mjhtJ
Kdhgpf;FfsplkpUe;J
K/kpd;fis ,dq;fhZjy;.
2. cz;ikahd K[h`pJfs;> nghWikrhypfs; ahnud;gijj; njupe;J nfhs;Sjy;.
gpbthjf;fhuh;fisAk; tuk;G kPWNthh;fisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy;.
3. cyfpy; ,iwtdJ fyPghthfj; jpfo;e;J mtdJ rl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fj;
Njitahd jFjpfisg; ngWtjw;fhd gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;.
j/thtpd; NghJ gy;NtWgl;l NrhjidfSk; jilfSk; Vw;gLtJ jtph;f;f Kbahnjd;w
fhuzj;jpdhNyNa Yf;khd; (miy) mth;fs; jdJ kfDf;Fr; nra;j cgNjrj;jpy; j/thtpd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;jptpl;Lj; njhlh;e;J nghWikiaf; iff;nfhs;tjd; mtrpaj;ijAk;
nrhy;ypitj;jhh;fs;. mt;TgNjrj;ij my;Fh;Md; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:
''vd; mUik kfNd! eP njhOifiaf; filgpbj;njhOF. ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikia tpyf;F
(,g;gzpapy;) cdf;F Vw;gLk; f\;lq;fis nghWikAld; rfpj;Jf;nfhs;.nray;fspy;
epr;rakhf ,J kpf;f cWjpAs;sjhFk;"" (Yf;khd; : 17)
,dp ehk; j/thtpd; ghijapy; vj;jifa NrhjidfisAk; jilfisAk; vjph; Nehf;f
Ntz;bapUf;Fnkd;gjid Nehf;FNthk; :

138

1. kf;fspd; Gwf;fzpg;G
j/thtpd; NghJ vkJ mikg;ig vj;jifa vjph;g;Ngh Ml;NrgizNah ,d;wp kf;fs;
Vw;ghh;fnsd;W $wKbahJ. ,g;gzpf;nfd;Nw mDg;gg;gl;l> ,iwtdJ Neub
topfhl;liyAk; cjtpiaAk; ngw;w ,iwj;J}jh;fSk; $l kf;fshy; vt;tsT J}uk;
Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs; vd;gjid tuyhW neLfpYk; fhzKbfpd;wJ. Rkhh; 950
tUlq;fs; ,];yhkpag; gpur;rhuj;jpy; <Lgl;L te;j egp E}`; (miy) mth;fisAk;
mth;fsJ J}ijAk; md;iwa kf;fs; Gwf;fzpj;jijg; gw;wp my;Fh;Md;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
jd;idg; Gwf;fzpj;j mk;kf;fisg; gw;wp egp E}`; (miy) mth;fs; jd; ,iwtdplk;
fPo;tUkhW Kiwapl;lhh;fs; ''vd; ,iwtNd> epr;rakhf ehd; vd;Dila rNfhjuh;fis
,uT> gfyhf mioj;Njd;. ntUz;NlhLtijj; jtpu vdJ miog;ghdJ NtW vjidAk;
mth;fSf;Ff; fhl;ltpy;iy. eP mth;fSf;F kd;dpg;gspf;f> ehd; mth;fis mioj;j
Nghnjy;yhk; mth;fs; jq;fsJ fhJfspy; jq;fspd; tpuy;fis itj;J milj;Jf;nfhz;L jq;fs;
Milfisf; nfhz;L jq;fis kiwj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. ngUk; mfq;fhuk; nfhz;L jq;fs;
jtwpd; kPJ gpbthjkha; epiyj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. gpd;dh; mth;fis ehd; rg;jkpl;L
mioj;Njd;. NkYk;> ehd; mth;fSf;Fg; gfpuq;fkhfTk; $wpNdd;. ,ufrpakhfTk;
mth;fSf;Ff; $wpNdd;."" (]{wh E}`; : 5-9)
kf;fs; jdJ miog;Gf;Fr; nrtprha;f;fhJ Gwf;fzpj;J ele;J nfhz;ljhy; NfhgKw;w
A+D]; (miy) mth;fs; gw;wpAk; mjidapl;L my;yh`; md;dhiuj; jz;bj;j tpjk;
gw;wpAk; my;Fh;Md; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. (ghh;f;f: md;gpahC : 87-88)

2. gupfrpg;Gf;Fk; Vsdj;jpw;Fk; cl;gly;

,J j/thtpd; ghijapy; jh,fs; vjph;Nehf;f Ntz;bAs;s kw;WnkhU NrhjidahFk;.
K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs; $l ngha;ah;> igj;jpaf;fhuh;> #dpaf;fhuh;
vd;nwy;yhk; jpl;lg;gl;L Vsdg;gLj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. md;dhh; jhapg; nrd;wpUe;j
NghJ rhjhuz rpWth;fspdhYk; fPo;j;jukhfg; gupfrpf;fg;gl;lij ]Puh ekf;F
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. jh,f;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,j;jifanjhU epiyia mth;fs;
vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;bapUf;Fk; vd;gjidAk; ,khk; `]Dy; gd;dh (u`;) mth;fs;
moFw xU trdj;jpD}lhf tpsf;Ffpd;whh;fs;.
'jh,f;fshfpa ePq;fs; kf;fs; Kd;dhy; fdpjUk; kuj;ij xj;Njhuha;j; jpfOq;fs;.
kf;fs; mjw;Ff; fy;nywpAk; NghJ mJNth mth;fSf;Ff; fdpiaay;yth
toq;Ffpd;wJ"
3. ,k;rpf;fg;gly;
,iwghijapy; rj;jpaj;ij epiyehl;lr; nry;Nthh; ,k;rpf;fg;glf; $Lk;. gy
,og;Gf;fisAk; vjph;nfhs;s NeupLk;. cz;ikapy; ,k;irfs;> ,og;Gf;fspd; msTf;F
Vw;gNt ntw;wp fpl;lKbAk;. fLk; NrhjidahdJ ntw;wpf;F fl;bak; $WtjhFk;.
mt;Tz;ikia
my;Fh;Md;
mofhff;
$Wfpd;wJ:
139

''NkYk;> mth;fs; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. njhlh;e;J mth;fSf;F vkJ cjtp te;jJ.

my;yh`;Tila thf;Ffis vtuhYk; khw;w KbahJ"" (my;md;Mk; : 34)
,j;jifa re;jh;g;gq;fspy; fsj;ij tpl;L xJq;Ftjpdhy; my;yJ gpd; thq;Ftjdhy;
Ngupog;Gk;
e\;lKNk
Vw;gLk;.
,jidapl;L
my;Fh;Md;
fPo;tUkhW
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
''ePq;fs; gpd;thq;fpdhy;> my;yh`; cq;fistpl;L tpl;L ePq;fsy;yhj xU
$l;lj;jpdiu cq;fs; ];jhdj;jpy; khw;wpaikj;J tpLthd;. mth;fNsh cq;fisg;
Nghd;W ,Uf;f khl;lhh;fs;."" (K`k;kj; : 36)
4. nry;tq;fSk; nrhj;Jf;fSk;
j/thtpd; NghJ jh,fs; vjph;nfhs;sf;$ba xU ngUk; jilahf cyf Rfq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl
KbAk;. gjtp> gl;lk;> jpUkzk;> kidtpkf;fs;> nrhj;J Rfq;fs; Nghd;wd ngupa
mstpy; Kl;Lf;fl;ilfshf miktJz;L. ,t;tplaj;ij my;Fh;Md; gy ,lq;fspy;
tpsf;fpapUg;gjidf;
fhzyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;fhf XupU trdq;fisf; fPNo
Nehf;FNthk;:
''epr;rakhf cq;fs; nry;tq;fSk; cq;fspd; Foe;ijfSk;
NrhjidfshFk; vd;gjidAk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;"" (8:28)

cq;fSf;Fg;

ngUk;

''tpRthrpfNs! epr;rakhf cq;fs; kidtpfspYk; gps;isfspYk; cq;fSf;F

vjpupfs; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. vdNt> mth;fisg;gw;wp ePq;fs; vr;rpupf;ifahf ,Ue;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;"" (64:14)

5. gytPdg;gLj;jYk; jsh;Ntl;gLj;jYk;
,JTk; j/thtpd; ghijapy; re;jpf;ff; $ba Mgj;jhd xU jilahFk;. ,g;ghijapw;
nry;Nthiug; gy rf;jpfs; gytPdg;gLj;j Kaw;rp nra;Ak;. MNyhridfs;>
topfhl;ly;fs;> cgNjrq;fs; Nghd;w ngah;fspy; jh,fis ,r;rf;jpfs; mth;fsJ
ghijapypUe;J gpwoitf;f KidAk;. mtek;gpf;ifiaAk; tpuf;jpiaAk; Vw;gLj;jg;
gpuaj;jdq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. my;Fh;Md; ,j;jifNahiug; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gpl;L> mth;fSf;F vt;thW kWg;Gj; njuptpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjidAk;
fw;Wj;jUfpd;wJ.
'',e;j ntg;g fhyj;jpy; ePq;fs; (Aj;jj;jpw;F)nry;yhjPhf;s vd;W $Wfpd;wdh;.
(mjw;F egpNa> mth;fis Nehf;fp) eufj;jpd; neUg;G ,ij tpl kpf ntg;gkhdJ
vd;W $WtPuhf> ,jid mth;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;lhkh?"" (mj;njsgh : 81)

140

,j;jifNahupd; grg;G thh;j;ijfspy; kaq;fp tplhJ cs cWjpAlDk; kNdhtypikAlDk;

ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd my;yh`; gzpf;fpd;whd;.
''NkYk;> ePq;fs; ijupaj;ij ,oe;J tplNtz;lhk;. ftiyg;glNtz;lhk;. ePq;fs;
K/kPd;fshf ,Ue;jhy; ePq;fNs Nkd;ik kpf;fth;fs;"" (My,k;uhd; : 139)>
(My,k;uhd : 146)
,Jtiu fz;lit j/thtpd; ghijapy; Vw;glf;$ba jtph;f;fKbahj jilfshFk;. Mdhy;>
,d;Dk; rpy jilfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ehk; cUthf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;s mj;jilfs; ,];yhkpa
j/thtpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijg; ngupJk; ghjpf;fpd;wd. mtw;iw ,dq;fz;L gupfhuk;
NjLtJ mtrpaKk; mtruKkhd xU gzpahFk;. mj;jilfspw; gpujhdkhdtw;iw ,q;F
kpfr;RUf;fkhf Nehf;FNthk;.
1. gu];gug; Gupe;Jzh;tpd;ik
,d;W ,];yhkpa j/thf;fsj;jpy; gy mikg;Gf;fSk; ,af;fq;fSk; cioj;J te;jhYk;
mtw;wpw;fpilNa
gu];gu
xj;Jiog;G>
Gupe;Jzh;T
,y;yhikahy;
jg;ggpg;gpuhaq;fSk; gifikAk; ntWg;Gk; tsh;e;J mJNt G+jhfukhd xU
gpur;rpidahfTk;
khwpAs;sijf;
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
xd;Wgl;L
nraw;glf;
$bath;fspd; rf;jp rpjwbf;fg;gLtij mtjhdpf;f
Kbfpd;wJ. mw;gkhd
tptfhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; gphpe;J gpsTgl;Ls;s ,t;tikg;Gf;fs; gu];guk;;
xd;iwnahd;W rhLtijAk; Fiwfhz;gijAk; tpLj;J ,zq;fpg; Nghff;$ba mk;rq;fspy;
,ize;J nraw;glTk; Kw;glhjtiuapy; ,];yhk; xU gyk; nghUe;jpa rf;jpahf
khWtjw;fpy;iy.
,];yhj;Jf;F tpNuhjkhd mikg;Gf;fs; ,];yhj;ijg; nghJ vjpupahff; nfhz;L>
vOr;rp ngw;W tUk;> ,];yhkpa rf;jpia Kwpabf;f Kidg;Gld; nraw;gLk; ,f;fhy
fl;lj;jpy;> ,];yhkpa ,af;fq;fSk; mikg;Gf;fSk; FWfpa ,af;f NtWghLfis kwe;J
nghJ vjpupiar; re;jpf;f Kd;tuhjtplj;J tpisTfs; gaq;fukhf mika ,lKz;L.
'fpyhg;" vDk; fUj;J NtWghLfs; '\pfhf;" vDk; gpsTf;Fk; gpuptpidf;Fk;
,l;Lr;nry;y Ntz;bajpy;iy.

2. jpl;lkplypy; cs;s NfhshW

,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfs; jpl;lkpl;l mbg;gilapy; rjpehrfhu Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLk;
Ntisapy;> K];ypk;fspw; gyh; jpl;lkpLtJ> ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; ,];yhk; $Wk;
'jtf;Fy;" Nfhl;ghl;bw;Fk; KuzhdJ vd ek;gpr; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,d;Dk;
gyh; jpl;lq;fisj; jPl;br; nraw;gl;lhYk; mit EZf;fkw;witfshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
nghJthf egp (]y;) mth;fs; jkJ midj;Jf; fhupaq;fisAk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l
mbg;gilapNyNa Nkw;nfhz;Ls;shh;fs; vd;gjw;F md;dhupd; ]Puh rhd;W
141

gfh;fpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk; `p[;uj;fspd; NghJ egp (]y;) mth;fs;

jPl;ba jpl;lq;fs;> nra;j Kd;dhaj;jq;fs;> my;Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLk; A+]{g;
(miy) mth;fspd; nghUshjhuj;jpl;lk; Nghd;wd ,];yhk; jpl;lkpl;l nraw;ghl;bd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;Jtjw;Fr; rpwe;j cjhuzq;fshFk;.
3. etPd gpurhu cj;jpfisf; ifahshik
gpur;rhuj;jpd; NghJ rpwe;j cj;jpfisAk; topKiwfisAk; ifahSkhW my;Fh;Md;
gzpf;fpwJ.
''egpNa! ePh; mwpT Qhdj;JlDk; mofhd ey;YgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; ckJ ,iwtd;
ghy; miog;gPuhf. NkYk;> mth;fSld; ePh; rpwe;j Kiwapy; tpthjpg;gPuhf""
(16 : 125)
egp (]y;) mth;fs; jkJ fhyj;Jg; gpurhu Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jj; jtwtpy;iy. ,jw;Fr;
rpwe;j cjhuzq;fshf ]gh kiyapy; VwpAk; [h`pypa;ahf;fhyj;J re;ijfs;>
itgtq;fs; Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpAk; md;dhh; jkJ J}ij Kd;itf;f Kad;wijf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;. 'cyfpy; ,uz;L mk;rq;fSf;F tiuaiwfs; ,y;iy vd;ghh;fs;. fhjYk;>
Aj;jKNk mit ,uz;Lkhk;. %d;whtJ Xh; mk;rKk; cz;L. mjw;Fk; tiuaiwfspy;iy.
mJNt j/ththFk;" vd;fpwhh; mGy; `]d; myp ej;tp.
,e;jtifapy; etPd gpurhu rhjdq;fis ,];yhkpag; gpurhuj;jpd; NghJ gad;gLj;j
KbAk; vd;wpUg;gpDk; ngUk;ghyhd jh,fs; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. mtw;iw gpwh;
gad;gLj;Jtijf; $l KiwNflhd nrayhff; fUJfpd;wdh;. ,e;epiy kpfTk;
,uq;fj;jf;fjhFk;. mNjNeuj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfNsh etPd gpurhu rhjdq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdh;.
etPd rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; K];ypk;fs; nfhz;Ls;s ,t;ntjph;kiwahd Nghf;F
,];yhkpa j/thtpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fg; ngUk; jil vd;gjid kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.
4. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa njsptpd;ik
,];yhkpag;
gpur;rhuj;jpy;
<LgLk;
gyh;
,];yhj;ijg;gw;wpj;
njsptw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. K];ypk;fNs ,];yhjpd; gy mbg;gilfisr; rupahf
tpsq;fpf; nfhs;shj Jujp\;l epiyiaf; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,];yhj;jpy; mjpKf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngWk; njs`Pj;> ,ghjj; Nghd;w mk;rq;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; $l kpff;FWfpa
fz;Nzhl;lq;fNs fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gyh; ,];yhj;ij miuFiwahf Kd;itf;fpd;wdh;.
,jdhy; ,];yhk; ,d;iwa gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPh;thf mika KbAk; vd;gjid gyh;
tpsf;fpf;nfhs;sj; jtwptpLfpd;wdh;.
vdNt> ,e;epiy ,];yhj;jpd; tsh;r;rpf;F xU ngUe;jilahf mike;Js;sJ vd;W
$Wtjpy; jtwpy;iy.
5. ,];yhj;jpw;nfjpuhd nfhs;iffis ,dq; fz;L nfhs;shik

142

',];yhj;jpw;nfjpuhd
[h`pypa;ahg;
Nghf;Ffis
mwpahjtd;
,];yhj;ij
jfh;g;gtdhfNt ,Ug;ghd;." vd;whh;fs; ckh; (uop) mth;fs;. ,d;W ,uhZt
uPjpapy; gilnaLg;Gf;fis tpl rpe;jdh uPjpapyhd gilnaLg;Gf;fs; gLgaq;fukhf
mike;Js;sd. mtw;iw rupahf ,dq;fz;L Kwpabf;Fk; Mw;wy; gyuplk;
,y;yhik ,];yhj;jpd; gpd;dilTf;F gpwpnjhU fhuzkhFk;. ]pNahdpr> fpwp];jt
mikg;Gf;fspd; nfLgpbfs; rh;tNjr kl;lj;jpYk; cs;Sh; kl;lj;jpYk; tYtile;J
tUfpd;wd.
mj;itjk; Nghd;w nfhs;iffSk; Rd;dj;[khj; nfhs;iffSf;F Kuzhd NkYk; gy
Nghf;FfSk; K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; gutp tUfpd;wd.
fhjpahdpah> g`hapa;ah Nghd;w nfhs;iffis cilNahh; jPtpu gpur;rhu
Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl;L tUfpd;wdh;. fpwp];jtg; gpur;rhuk; kpfTk; je;jpukhfTk;
Kidg;GlDk; K];ypk;fspd; kj;jpapy; ele;J tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy; Jujp];ltrkhf
K];ypk;fs; ,j;jPa rf;jpfis rupahf ,dq;fhzj; jtwpAs;sdh;. ez;gh; ahh;? giftd;
ahh;? vd;gjid mwpahjpUf;fpd;wdh;. ,J j/thit ve;jsT ghjpf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid
nrhy;y Ntz;bajpy;iy.
6. jPtpug;Nghf;F
,];yhk; epjhdj;ij Nghjpf;fpd;wJ. jPtpuj;ij fz;bf;fpd;wJ. 'gpbthjf;fhuh;fs;
mopal;Lk;" vd;whh;fs; egpath;fs;. fpwp];jth;fs; topnfLtjw;F mth;fs;
kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; tuk;GkPwpaikNa fhuzk; vdf; $WfpwJ my;Fh;Md;.
,d;W
,];yhj;jpd;ngauhy;
Njhd;wpAs;s
fz;%bj;jdkhd
jPtpug;Nghf;F ,];yhj;ijAk; mjd; tsh;r;rpiaAk; ghjpj;Js;sJ. mth;fspd; Nghf;if
itj;J ,];yhj;ijNa gyh; gpioahf vilNghl jiyg;gl;Ls;sdh;. mjidf; fhyq;fle;jjhf>
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhdjhf> eilKiwf;F xt;thjjhf fhzKidfpd;wdh;.
,];yhk; \ph;f;if xopg;gjpy; $l epjhdkpoe;J mtrug;gLtij tpUk;Gtjpy;iy.
epjhdk; w`;khdpd; FzkhFk;. mtruk; i\j;jhdpd; gz;ghFk;. gjw;wKk;
jPtpuKk; ed;ik gaf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. epjhdj;Jld; cWjpahd mbfis vLj;J itj;J
cw;rhfj;JlDk; cj;Ntfj;JlDk; nraw;gLk; jh,f;fNs ,d;W Njitg;gLfpd;wdh;.
vdNt> j/thtpd; ghijapy; ,aw;ifahdJk; nraw;ifahdJkhd vy;yhj;jilfisAk;
rupahf ,dq;fz;L mtw;iw nghWikAld; ntw;wpfukhff; fle;J ,];yhj;ij cyfpy;
epiyepWj;jf; $ba czh;itg; ngWNthkhf.

143

xw;Wik fhyj;jpd; Njit> rd;khu;f;ff; flik

''K\;upfPd;fspy; ePq;fSk; MfptplhjPu;fs;. mtu;fs; jq;fs; khu;fj;jpy; gpuptpidia
cz;L gz;zp (gy) gpupTfshfg; gpupe;J tpl;ldu;.(mtu;fs;) xt;nthU tFg;ghUk;
jq;fsplKs;sij itj;J re;Njh\g;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;."" (]{uh : mu;&k; :32)
''vtu;fs; jq;fs; khu;f;fj;ij (jk; ,\;lg;gb) gpupj;J (mtu;fSk;) gy gpupTfshfg; gpupe;J
tpl;ldNuh mtu;fSld; ckf;F vj;jifa rk;ge;jKk; ,y;iy."" (my; md;Mk; :159)
u]{Yy;yh`p (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: 'ePq;fs; xUtiunahUtu; ntWj;Jf;
nfhs;shjPu;fs;; nghwhik nfhs;shjPu;fs;;;;;;;;; (gifj;Jf;nfhz;L) Gwk; fhl;br;
nry;yhjPu;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; mbahu;fshfpa ePq;fs; rNfhjuu;fshf tpsq;Fq;fs;.
NkYk; xU K];ypk; jdJ rNfhjuid %d;W ehl;fSf;F Nky; gifj;Jf;nfhz;bUj;jy;
$lhJ." (Gfhup>K];ypk;)
,d;iwa cyfk; g+Nfhs uPjpapy; ,];yhj;jpdJk;> K];ypk; r%fj;jpdJk; vOr;rpia>
kWkyu;r;rpiaf; fz;Lnfhz;bUf;fpwJ. vtuhYk; kWf;fKbahj msTf;F ,t;ntOr;rp
gbahj ghkuu;> gbj;j thypgu; cl;gl Mz;> ngz; vy;NyhiuAk; jOtpa cyfpd;
re;J nghe;Jfspnyy;yhk; tpahgpj;J epw;Fk; xd;W vd;w tifapy; kpfTk;
gykpf;fjhf tpsq;Ffpd;J.
,e;j cyfyhtpa ,];yhkpa vOr;rpahdJ K];ypk;fs; rpWghd;ikapduhf thOk;
,yq;if Nghd;w ehLfspYk; $l mjd; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jj;jpAs;sJ. MapDk;
,t;ntOr;rpf;F gy jilfs; cUthfpAs;sik ftiyf;FwpajhFk;. mit ,t;ntOr;rpapd;
tpisTfisj; jhkjg;gLj;jpAk;> ,y;yhky; nra;Jk; tUfpd;wd. mj;jiifa jilfSs;>
Fwpg;gpl;l rpyuJ mtrug;Nghf;F> epjhdkw;w mZFKiwfs;> jPtpug;Nghf;F
Mfpad Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.
1. jPtpuKk; epjhdkpd;ikAk;
,q;F ehk; 'jPtpuk;;" vd;w nrhy;iy ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfs; Fwpf;Fk; 'jPtputhjk;"
vd;w fUj;jpy; gad;gLj;jtpy;iy. mtu;fNsh J}aK];ypk;fs; midtiuAk;
kjj;jPtputhjpfs;> mbg;gilthjpfs;> gaq;futhjpfs; Nghd;w ngau;fspy;
Rl;Lfpd;wdu;. MapDk; ,];yhj;jpd; ngauhy; rpyu; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; rpy
eltbf;iffs; vjpupfspd; ,j;jifa Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis cz;ikg;gLj;JtJ Nghy miktJjhd;;
Ntjidf;FupajhFk;. ,j;jifatu;fspd; epjhdkw;w Nghf;F ,];yhkpa vOr;rpiaAk;
mjdbahf vOe;Js;s ,];yhkpa kWkyu;r;rpiaAk; ngupJk; ghjpj;J tUfpd;wJ.
vdNt ,j;jifatu;fs; epjhdj;ijf; iff;nfhs;s Ntz;baJ kpfTk; mtrpakhFk;.
'mtrug;gLjy; i\j;jhdpypUe;Jk; cs;sJ. epjhdKk; mikjpAk; my;yh`;tplkpUe;Jk;
cs;sJ." vd;w egpnkhop vkJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;. (jpu;kpjp)
'\pu;f;" Nghd;w ngUk; ghtq;fis vjpu;g;gjpYk;> xopf;f Kw;gLtjpYk; $l
epjhdk; filgpbf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;; ed;ikahd tplaq;fis nra;tjpy; $l msT fle;j
mtruKk;> epjhdkpoe;j Nghf;Fk; tuNtw;fj;jf;fjy;y. gjwpa fhupak; rpjWk;
vd;ghu;fs;. nghWj;jtd; Gtp Ms;thd;;. nghWik ,oe;jtd; fhNlUthd; vd;gJ
144

KJnkhop. ,d;W cyf kl;lj;jpYk; rup vkJ ehl;L kl;lj;jpYk; rup vkJ mtruj;jpd;
fhuzkhfTk;> epjhdkpoe;j Nghf;Ffspd; fhuzkhfTk; ehk; gy f\;lq;fis
mDgtpj;Jk>; e\;lq;fis mile;Jk; tUfpd;Nwhk;. r%f khw;wk; vd;gJ Xuputpy;>
xUgfypy; Vw;glf;$bajy;y vd;gij ehk; czu Ntz;Lk;. mJ gbg;gbahf> fl;lk;
fl;lkhf Vw;glf; $bajhFk;. mj;jifa khw;wk;jhd; MNuhf;fpakhdJk; epiyf;ff;
$baJkhFk;. mtruj;jpy; Njhd;Wfpd;w nraw;ifahd khw;wq;fs; Nghypahdit.
epiyf;fhjit.
vkJ Kaw;rpfSf;Fupa tpisTfis ehk; fz;Nlahf Ntz;Lk; vd;W rpe;jpg;gJk;
mjw;fhf vj;jifa topKiwfisAk; ifahs Kaw;rpg;gJk; ,];yhkpa mZFKiwfsy;y.
Kaw;rpg;gNj vkJ flik; tpisTfs; my;yh`;tpd; fuq;fspy;. ehk; vkJ Kaw;rpfs;
gw;wp tprhupf;fg;gLNthNkad;wp tpisTfs; gw;wp Nfl;fg;glkhl;Nlhk;. NkYk;
vkJ ,yf;Ffs; Gdpjkhditahf ,Ug;gJ NghyNt mtw;iw miltjw;fhd topKiwfSk;
Gdpjkhditahf mikjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w ,];yhkpa rl;ltpjpia ehk; kwe;Jtplf;$lhJ.
2. Ntw;WikfSk; Kuz;ghLfSk;
,d;iwa ,];yhkpa vOr;rpf;F cUthfpAs;s kw;WnkhU ngUe;jil vk;kj;jpapy;
Njhd;wpAs;s
Ntw;WikfSk;
Kuz;ghLfSkhFk;.
mrj;jpaf;
nfhs;iffisf;
nfhz;ltu;fs; $l jk;kj;jpapYs;s Ntw;Wikfis kwe;J xw;Wik fhz Kaw;rpf;fpd;w
fhykpJ. jk;kj;jpapy; gaq;fu Kuz;ghLfisf; nfhz;l gy rf;jpfSk; ,d;W ,];yhk;
vd;w nghJ vjpupiar; re;jpg;gjw;fhf cld;gl;Lr; nraw;gLtijf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.
,e;epiyapy; K];ypk;fshfpa ehk; xw;Wikapy; Ntw;Wikiaj; NjLgtu;fshf
,Uf;fpd;wik vt;tsT Jujp\;lkhdJ.!
,d;W ehk; vy;yh tsq;fisAk;> gyq;fisAk; epiwthfg; ngw;wpUe;Jk; vkJ
tptfhuq;fspy; mLj;jtu; jiyapLk; msTf;Fk; jPu;khdq;fs; vLf;Fk; msTf;Fk; cyf
muq;fpy;
gyaPdu;fshf
khwpAs;sikf;F
gpujhdkhd
fhuzk;
vkJ
If;fpakpd;ikahFk;. my;-Fu;Md; ,e;epiyikiag; gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpd;WJ:
''ePq;fs; cq;fSf;Fs; ru;r;irg;gl;Lf; nfhs;shjPu;fs;; mt;thwhapd; ePq;fs; ijupaj;ij
,oe;J cq;fs; typik Fd;wptpLk;"" (md;ghy;: 46)
ehk; vkJ Kuz;ghLfisf; fz;L nfhs;tJ Nghy vk; kj;jpapYs;s cld;ghLfisf;
fz;Lnfhs;tjjpy;iy. mtw;iw ehk; fhz;gij i\j;jhd; tpUk;Gfpd;whdpy;iy. vk;
kj;jpapy; gifikAk;> FNuhjKk; epiyf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJjhNd mtdJ tpUg;gk;.
ehk; Kuz;gLfpd;w tplaq;fs; Ie;J vd;why; cld;gLfpd;w mk;rq;fs; Ik;gJ
,Uf;fpd;wd. ,t;Tz;ikia vk;khy; Gupe;J nfhs;s KbAnkd;wpUe;jhy; vkJ r%f>
rd;khu;f;f epiyfs; vt;tsT MNuhf;fpakilAk;.! 'mu;f;fhDy; <khd;" vDk;
<khdpd; mbg;gilfspYk;> 'mu;f;fhDy; ,];yhk;" vDk; ,];yhkpaf; flikfspYk;
vk;kj;jpapy; gyj;j fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,y;iy vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. rd;khu;f;fj;jpd;
c]{y; (mbg;gilfs;) fthapj; (tpjpfs;) G&o;fs; (flikfs;) fghapu; (ngUk; ghtq;fs;)
Kjyhdtw;wpYk; vk;kj;jpapy; mgpg;gpuhaNgjq;fs; FiwT vdyhk;. fUj;J
NtWghL epyTtnjy;yhk; G&/ (fpis mk;rq;fs;)> ehthgpy; (]{d;dj;Jf;fs;)> ]
fhapu; (rpWghtq;fs;) Nghd;w xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fiwe;j
145

tplaq;fspyhFk;. 'fhahj;" vDk; ,yf;Ffisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; vk;kj;jpapy;

Kuz;ghLfs; FiwT. mtw;iw miltjw;fhd 't]hapy;" vDk; topKiwfspYk;>
mZFKiwfspYk;jhd; rpy cld;ghlw;w epiyfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa
tplaq;fspy; Kuz;gl;l epiyg;ghLfis vLg;gjpy; jtwpy;iy. xt;nthUtUk; jj;jkJ
epiyg;ghLfSf;F cupa rd;khu;f;f Mjhuq;fis nfhz;bUf;Fk; tiu vj;jifa
Ml;NrgidAk; njuptpg;gjw;fpy;iy. Mdhy; ,t;tplaq;fspy; Vw;gLk; 'fpyhGfs;"
(NtWghLfs;) vk;kj;jpapy; '\pfhf;if" (gpsTfis) Njhw;Wtpf;fyhfhJ. fUj;J
Kuz;ghLfspd; NghJ vkJ KdNdhu;fs; iff;nfhz;l xOq;Ffis filgpbf;fg;glhik
apdhNyNa ,j;jifa tpisTfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. xU tplaj;jpy; ehd; xU fUj;ij
nfhz;bUf;fyhk;> kw;nwhUtu; mjpy; vd;NdhL Kuz;gLfpd;w NghJ mtu;
K/kpdhf ,Uf;Fk; tiu mtUld; kpfTk; gz;ghlhf ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ
khu;f;ff;flikahFk;.
',J tplaj;jpy; vdJ fUj;J rupahdJ. mJ gpioahf ,Uf;fTk; ,lKz;L. ,J tplaj;jpy; mLj;jtupd;
fUj;J gpioahdJ. mJ rupahf ,Uf;fTk; ,lKz;L." ,f; $w;W vkJ Kd;Ndhu;fs; fUj;J
NtWghLfspd; NghJ iff;nfhz;l 'MjhGfSf;F" xU rpwe;j cjhuzkhFk;.
fhgpufSld; $l Mjhuq;fis Kd;itj;J mofhfTk;> gz;ghlhfTk; tpthjpf;FkhW
my;Fu;Md; gzpf;fpd;wJ.''NkYk; mtu;fSld; rpwe;j (gz;ghld) Kiwapy;
tpthjpg;gPuhf."" (16:125) Mdhy;> ehNkh ekJ rNfhju K];ypk;fSld;
Kuz;gLfpd;w
Nghnjy;yhk;
fhurhukhd
thjg;gpujpthjq;fspYk;
ju;f;f
Fju;f;fq;fspYk; <LgLfpd;Nwhk;. <khdpa cwit kwe;J nrhy;yk;Gfshy;
jhf;Ffpd;Nwhk;. nrhy;yhy; kl;Lkd;wp ifahy;> fy;yhy; mbf;fTk; ehk;
jaq;Ftjpy;iy. rpy NghJ vkJ epiyg;ghLfis epahag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mLj;j
rNfhjuu;fs; kPJ gop Rkj;Jtjw;Fk;> mghz;lq;fisf; $Wtjw;Fk; ehk; Jzpe;J
tpLtJz;L. nkhj;jj;jpy; khu;f;fj;jpd; ngaupNyNa mJ $Wk; rNfhjuj;Jtk;>
md;G> xj;Jiog;G> rfpg;Gj;jd;ik> tpl;Lf; nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghq;F Kjyhd
gz;GfSf;F ehk; rhT kzp mbf;fpd;Nwhk;. K/kpd;fs; jk;kj;jpapy; md;GlDk;
MjuTlDk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. espdkhfTk; eakhfTk; ele;J nfhs;thu;fs; vd;nwy;yhk;
Fwpg;gpLk; my;Fu;Mdpd; Nghjidfis fhw;wpy; gwf;f tpLgtu;fshf ehk;
,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.
3. Fiwe;j rd;khu;f;f mwpT
cz;ikapy; vkJ ehl;ilg; nghWj;jtiuapy; vk;kj;jpapy;Ys;s gpupTfSk;
gpuptpidfSk; ngUk;ghYk; vkJ rd;khu;f;f mwptpYs;s Fiwghl;bdhy;
cUthditahFk;. ,t;thW rd;khu;f;f mwptpYs;s Nfhshupd; fhuzkhfNt xt;nthU
FOtpdUk; jhk; khj;jpuNk rup vd;Wk; jk;ik khj;jpuk; 'm`;Y]; ]{d;dh ty;
[khM" mikg;ghf ,dk; fhl;b jk;Kld; rpw;rpy tplaq;fspy; Kuz;gLfpd;w
gpw ,];yhkpar; rNfhjuu;fis mjw;;F mg;ghy; ,Ug;gtu;fshf gpur;rhuk; nra;J
tUfpd;whu;fs;. NkYk; ,yq;if K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; j/thf;fsj;jpy; - mwpTk; mwpTk;
NkhJtjhf njupatpy;iy. mwpTk; mwpahikAk; Kl;bf;nfhs;tijAk; fhz;gJ mupJ.
mwpahikAk; mwpahikANk Kl;b Nkhjp> r%fj;jpy; Guspfisf; fpsg;Gtijg; ghu;f;f
Kbfpd;wJ.
NkYk;
FWfpa
,af;f
thjq;fs;>
jdpkdpj
gytPdq;fs;>
jg;ggpg;gpuhaq;fs; KjyhditAk; r%fj;jpd; xw;Wikf;F Ntl;L itj;J tUfpd;wd.

146

4. cykhf;fspd; flik
,t;thNuhf;fpakw;w epiy kpf mtrukhf khw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk.; ,y;yhj NghJ
,d;W ehk; fhZk; ,];yhkpa vOr;rpapd; tpisTfs; g+r;rpakhfp tpLk; Nguhgj;J
Vw;gLtij jtpu;f;f Kbahky; Ngha;tpLk;. ,q;F cykhf;fspd; gzp mtrpakhf
Ntz;lg;gLfpd;wJ. FWfpa ,af;f thjq;fis kwe;J mtu;fs; r%fj;jpd; xw;Wikf;fhf
coif;Fk; kfj;jhd nghWg;ig Rke;jhf Ntz;Lk;.
,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpd; vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYk; K];ypk; ck;kj; gyaPdKw;w
re;ju;gq;fspnyy;yhk; mjid gyg;gLj;jp fl;bf;fhj;j ngUik mt;tf;fhy cykhf;fisNa
rhUk;. ,iwar;rKk;> epiwe;j mwpTk;> Jzpr;rYkpf;f xU jiyikj;Jtk; vk; r
%fj;jpw;F ,d;W Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J xU jdpkdpj jiyikj;Jtkhftd;wp xU $l;L
jiyikj;Jtkhf miktNj jw;Nghijf;F rhj;jpakhdjhFk;. ,jw;fhf ehk; vd;Wk; typAWj;JtJ
Nghy mfpy ,yq;if [k;,a;aj;Jy; cykhtpd; epoypd; fPo; vy;yh cykhf;fSk;
jk;kj;jpapYs;s rpWrpW Ngjq;fisAk; kwe;J mzpjpusNtz;Lk;. cld;ghlhd tplaq;fis
fz;lwpe;J mtw;wpy; midtUk; ,ize;J nraw;glTk;> Kuz;gLk; tplaq;fspy;
tpl;Lf;nfhLj;J ele;J nfhs;sTk; vkJ cykhf;fs; Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt ,];yhkpag
gz;Gk;> vkJ Kd;Ndhu;fspd; Kd;khjpupAkhFk;.
,e;j khw;wk; kpf tpiutpy; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,];yhkpa eyd;tpUk;gpfspd;
NtzththFk;. cykhf;fNs! cq;fis flik miof;fpwJ. fl;Lf;fis mtpo;j;J (ck;kj;jpd;
eyd;) fUjp fsj;jpw;F tu vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`;it ,e;j Gdpjkhd khjj;jpy;
gpuhj;jpg;Nghkhf.

147

twpNahh;f;F cjtpf;fuk; ePl;Lq;fs;.

ukohd; Gfl;Lk; ghlkpJ
Gdpj ukohd; K/kpd;fSf;F Gfl;b epw;Fk; ghlq;fs;> gbg;gpidfs; mJ toq;Fk;
gapw;rpfs; kpf kfj;jhdit.
cz;ikapy; K/kpd;fs; Gdpj Nehd;gpdhy; milAk; ed;ikfs; Vuhsk;. Nehd;ghdJ
cly; cs> Md;kpf hPjpahfTk; K/kpd;fSf;F gad; mspg;gjid> gy; ed;ikfis
toq;Ftjid fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
Gdpj Nehd;G grpapd; nfhLikia> tWikapd; td;ikia xt;nthUtUf;Fk;
khdrPfkhf> nray;Kiwapy; czh;j;jp epw;Fk; ghq;F vt;tsT mw;GjkhdJ?
grpapd; Urpia mwpahJ jhfj;jpd; frg;ig czuhJ Rf Nghfj;jpy; tho;e;j xUtd;
vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; jd;idg; Nghd;Nw tho;fpd;whh;fs; vd;W epidf;fyhk;.
Mdhy;> Nehd;G ,j;jifa kdpjDf;Fk; gy cz;ikfis epjh;rdkhf czh;j;jty;yjhf
mikfpd;wJ.
cz;ikahd rkTilikf;Fk; G+uz rkj;Jtj;jpw;Fkhd njspthd ntspg;ghlhf Nehd;G
,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;why; mJ kpifg;glf; $wpajhf mikahJ. my;yh`; Nehd;ig
mwpKfg;gLj;jp midtUf;Fkhd thpahf tpjpj;Js;shd;. ,e;j thpia khl khspifapy;
thOk; FNguDk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. Fbirapy; thOk; ghku VioAk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
fha;e;j Fly;fis> fhypahd tapWfis> grpapd; mNfhuj;ij jzpj;Jf; nfhs;sj;
Jbf;Fk; [Ptd;fis midtUk; epidj;Jg; ghh;g;gjw;F xU re;jh;g;gkhf mikfpd;wJ.
Nehd;G cs;sk; cUfp> kdk; frpe;J> Viofspd; fz;zPh; Jilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w
czh;T vy;Nyhh; cs;sq;fspYk; gputhfk; vLf;f Gdpj Nehd;G top mikf;fpd;wJ.
egp A+]{g; (miy) mth;fs; vfpg;J ehl;bd; tsq;fSf;Fk; epjpj;Jiwf;Fk;
nghWg;ghdtuhf epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; mjpfk; Nehd;G Nehw;W
te;jhh;fs;. ,jw;fhd fhuzk; mth;fsplk; tpdtg;gl;l NghJ mth;fs; nfhLj;j tpsf;fk;
kpfTk; mh;j;jKs;sjhf mike;jJ.'ehd; rhg;gpl;L grpahwpa epiyapy; ,Ue;jhy;
Vioapd; grpia kwe;J tpLNtNdh vd;W gag;gLfpd;Nwd;. mjdhy; mjpfk;
Nehd;G Nehw;W tUfpd;Nwd;" vd;whh;fs;.
Gdpj ukohdpy; ehq;fs; mD\;bf;Fk; Nehd;G r%fj;jpy; cs;s Viofs;>
mehijfs;> mfjpfs; Nghd;Nwhh; kPJ vq;fspy; fUiz gpwf;f topaikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mJ vq;fspy; <ifia tsh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. egp(]y;) mth;fSk; Vida fhyq;fis tpl
ukohdpy; mjpfkhf jhdjh;kq;fis nra;gth;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;.

148

u]{Yy;yh`; (]y;) mth;fs; nfhil nfhLg;gjpy; kdpjh;fspy; rpwe;jth;fshf

,Ue;jhh;fs;. Fwpg;ghf md;dhh; ukohdpy; kpff; $Ljyhf thhp toq;Fk; jd;ik
gilj;jth;fshf ,Ue;jhh;fs; vd mwptpf;fpd;whh;fs; egpj;Njhoh;fs;.
'jh;kj;jpy; rpwe;jJ ukohdpy; toq;fg;gLk; jh;kkhFk;" vd;Wk; egpath;fs;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;.
r%fj;jpy; mdhjutw;Nwhhpd; mtyq;fis epidj;Jg; ghh;g;gJ> mth;fspd; Jah;
Jilf;f KbAkhd topfspy; Kidg;Gld; nraw;gLtJ xU nghWg;ghd rd;khh;f;ff;
flikahFk; vd;gjid ehk; czuhky; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
tWik kpfTk; nfhbaJ. mjdhy; tpisAk; Mgj;Jf;fs; gaq;fukhdit.
tWikahdJ <khDf;Nf rthy; tplf;$bajhFk;. gaq;fu
<khidNa gwpj;J tplhJ vd;W $Wtjw;fpy;iy. ,jdhy;jhd;

tWikahdJ

xUtdpd;

'tWikahdJ Fg;iuAk; Vw;gLj;jptplf; $baJ" vd;whh;fs; egp (]y;) mth;fs;.

Fg;hpypUe;J ghJfhg;Gj; Njba egpath;fs; mjDld; ,izj;J 'gf;h;" vd;w tWikapy;
,Ue;Jk; ghJfhg;Gj; Njbaik mitapuz;Lf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhlh;igNa vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
tWikahdJ kdpjdpd; <khDf;F khj;jpukd;wp mtdJ elj;ijf;Fk; gz;ghl;Lf;Fk;
Mgj;jhf miktJz;L.
tWik xUtid ,opnray;fSf;Fj; J}z;lyhk;. gz;ghlw;w Jh;elj;ijfSf;Fj; J}z;lyhk;.
KiwNflhd tplaq;fspy; <Lglj; J}z;lyhk;.
'xUtd; fld;fhudhfp tpl;lhy; Ngrpdhy; ngha; nrhy;yf; $Lk;> thf;fspj;jhy;
khW nra;af; $Lk;" vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs; egp (]y;) mth;fs;.
nfhba tWikahdJ kdpjdpd; rpe;jidiaAk; mwpitAk; $l ghjpf;f KbAk;. ,khk;
mG+`dpgh (u`;) mth;fs; nrhd;dhh;fs;: 'tPl;by; cz;gjw;F NfhJik kh ,y;yhj
epiyapy; ,Ug;gtdplk; nrd;W MNyhrid Nfl;fhNj"
Vnddpy; tPl;by; cz;z cztpd;wp ,Ug;gtd; rpe;jid rpjwp mwpT nfl;l
epiyapy;jhd; ,Ug;ghd;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;jhd; xU ePjpgjp grpAld; ,Uf;Fk;
NghJ jPh;g;Gfs; toq;ff; $lhJ vd ,];yhkpar; rl;l mwpQh;fs; $wpAs;shh;fs;.
FLk;g mikg;gpd; rPh;FiyTf;Fk; tWikahdJ gy topfspYk; fhuzkhf miktJz;L.
Muk;gkhf jpUkzj;jpw;Nf jilahf mikAk; tWik gpd;dh; FLk;gq;fs; rpjWtjw;Fk;
rPuoptjw;Fk; vt;tsT J}uk; top NfhYfpd;wJ vd;gjid ehk; mwpNthk;.
,j;jifa Nguhgj;Jf;fis tpistpf;ff; $ba tWik> xU r%fj;jpy; epyTtJ vt;tsT
gaq;fukhdJ? vd;gjid ehk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jg; ghuJ}ukhd

149

Mgj;ij ePf;f Kay;tJ vj;jifa kfj;jhd gzpahf> ed;ikiaj; juf; $ba mkyhf
mikAnkd;gij ehk; czuj; jtwf;$lhJ.
r%fj;jpy; cs;s mehjuthdth;fis mutizf;fhjth;fs; mehijfisg; guhkhpf;fhjth;fs;
khh;f;fj;ijNa ngha;g;gLj;Jgth;fs; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;jhFk;. ,j;jifath;fs;
njhOgth;fshfTk; Nehd;G Nehw;gth;fshfTk; ,Ue;jhYk; rhpNa.
,];yhk; mehijfs; tplaj;jpy; $ba fhprid fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ]_wJy; md;gpahtpd; 41
tJ trdk;> ]_wJy; `\;hpd; 7tJ trdk;> ]_wJy; gfuhtpd; 177> 215> 82> ]
_wJd;dp]htpd; 36tJ trdk; Nghd;w gy my;Fh;Md; trdq;fs; mehijg;
guhkhpg;gpd; mtrpak; gw;wp typAWj;Jfpd;wd.
jPidg; ngha;g;gpf;fpd;wtd; ahh;? vd;gjid tpsf;f te;j ]_wh my;khCd;:
''mtd;jhd; mehijfisf; fbe;J tpul;Lgtd;"" vd;W $Wfpd;wJ.
Viofis Mjhpf;fhjtDk; tWikia xopj;Jf; fl;lj; jdJ gq;fspg;igr; nrYj;jhjtDk; jPid
cz;ikg;gLj;jhjtdhfNt
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;whd;.
khh;f;fj;ijg;
ngha;g;gpf;fpd;wtidg; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; ]_wh my;khCd;:
''mtd; ViofSf;F cztspf;fj; J}z;lTk; khl;lhd;"" vd;W $Wfpd;wJ.
,q;F> my;yh`{j;jMyh jhDk; ViofSf;F cztspj;J gpwiuAk; mjd; ghy; J}z;b
tWikia
xopj;J
grpia
tpul;Lk;
gzpapy;
<Lglhjtiug;
gw;wpNa
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;. jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jhDk; ViofSf;F cztspf;Fk; mNj
Neuj;jpy; gpwiuAk; gpwiuAk; mjw;fhfj; J}z;b tWik xopg;G Kaw;rpia Xh;
mikg;ghf $l;lhf Nkw;nfhs;Sk; tplaj;jpy; xUth; jdJ gq;fspg;ig nrYj;jhj tiu
khh;f;fj;ijg; ngha;g;gpg;gtuhfNt fUjg;gLfpd;whh;.
my;Fh;Md; kw;Wk; gy ,lq;fspYk; ,Nj fUj;ij typAWj;Jfpd;wikiaf; fhz
Kbfpd;wJ.
''epr;rakhf mtd; kfj;jhd my;yh`;it tpRthrpf;ftpy;iy. ViofSf;F Mfhukspf;Fk; gb
J}z;lTkpy;iy. MfNt> ,d;W mtDf;F ,q;F ve;j ez;gDk; ,y;iy. Gz;fspy; tbAk; rPioj;
jtpu mtDf;F NtW MfhuKk; ,y;iy vdf; $wg;gLk;. mjidf; Fw;wthspfisj; jtpu NtW
vtUk; Grpf;f khl;lhh;fs;""
''[hf;fpuij! ePq;fs; mehijfis fz;zpag;gLj;J tjpy;iy. ViofSf;F cztspf;Fk; gb
J}z;LtJk; ,y;iy. gpwUila thhpRg; nghUisg; NguhirAld; tpOq;Ffpd;wPh;fs;.
NkYk;> ePq;fs; kpfTk; msT fle;J nghUis Nerpf;fpd;wPh;fs;"" vd;nwy;yhk;
my;Fh;Md; fz;bf;fpd;wJ.
jhd; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jdp kdpjd; vd;w tifapy; jd; kPJs;s nghWg;Gf;fis
epiwNtw;wpdhy; NghJkhdJ> r%ff; flikfis epiwNtw;Wk; Njit jdf;fpy;iy vd
epidj;Jr; nraw;gLNthUf;F ,e;j trdq;fs; ngUk; rhl;ilab nfhLf;fpd;wd.

150

cz;ikapy; mehijfis mutizf;fj; J}z;lhj tzf;fq;fs;> Viofis Mjhpf;fj; J}z;lhj

,ghjj;fs; NghypahditAk; gfl;lhditAkhFk;. ,j;jifa tzf;fq;fshy; ed;ikad;wp NfNl
tpisAk; vdf; $Wfpd;wJ my;Fh;Md;.
ehk; epiwNtw;Wk; njhOifAk; mD\;bf;Fk; Nehd;Gk; gpw tzf;ftopghLfSk;
vkJ cs;sq;fSf;F gf;Ftj;ijAk; gz;ghl;ilAk; toq;fp rNfhju kdpjh;fSf;F ed;ik
nra;a> ey;yJ nra;a J}z;Lgitahf mika Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; ,ghjj;Jfs;
mh;j;jKs;sitahf> ed;ik gaf;ff; $baitahf mikAk;.
'vth; xU K/kpdpd; ,t;Tyf f\;lnkhd;iw ePf;fp itf;fpd;whNuh my;yh`; mtiu
tpl;Lk; kWikapd; f\;lnkhd;iw ePf;fp itg;ghd;. vth; f\;lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; xUtUf;F
cjTfpd;whNuh my;yh`; mtUf;F cyfpYk; kWikapYk; f\;lq;fis ePf;fp itj;J
cjTthd;. NkYk;> vth; (Mil nfhLj;Njh my;yJ Fiwfis kiwj;Njh) xU K];ypkpd;
khdj;ij kiwf;fpd;whNuh my;yh`; mtuJ khdj;ij <UyfpYk; kiwg;ghd;. xU
mbahd; jdJ rNfhjuDf;F cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk; fhynky;yhk; my;yh`; mtDf;F
cjtpahf ,Uf;fpd;whd;"
<ifapdJk; fUizapdJk; khjkhd ,e;j Gdpj ukohdpy; r%fj;jpy; cs;s
twpath;fSf;Fk; vspath;fSf;Fk; cjtpf;fuk; ePl;b ,e;j egpnkhop Fwpg;gpLk;
<Uyf ghf;fpaq;fis epiwthfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kay;Nthkhf.

151

my;FHMdpa MSikia cUthf;FtJ vg;gb?

MSik vd;gJ kdpjdJ cly;> cs;sk;> czh;T> rpe;jid> mwpT> Md;kh> elj;ij>
gz;ghL Nghd;w midj;JlDk; njhlh;Gw;w xd;whFk;. nghJthf MSik vd;gJ ,U
$Wfisf; nfhz;lJ vd;gh;. mitahtd:
1. rpe;jidg;ghq;F
2. csg;ghq;F kdg;ghq;F
kdpjdJ ntspj;Njhw;wKk;> Mil myq;fhuk; Nghd;witAk; mtdJ MSikf;Fhpa
mbg;gilfspy; xd;whff; nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy. thl;l rhl;lkhd clk;igAk; trPfukhd
Njhw;wj;ijAk; nfhz;l gyh; MSikiag; nghWj;j tiuapy; gytPdh;fshf ,Ug;gijf;
fhz KbAk;. rpwpa clYk;> nkype;j NkdpAk;> mtyl;rzkhd Njhw;wKk; nfhz;l
vj;jidNah Ngh; msg;ghpa MSik ngw;wth;fshfj; jpfo;tjidAk; ghh;f;f KbAk;.
MSikf;Fhpa mbg;gilf; fhuzpfis xUq;Nf ngw;w xUtUf;F> Fwpj;j mk;rk; xU
Nkyjpf jifikahff; nfhs;sg;gLtJz;L. ,t;tifapNyNa my;FHMd; 'jhY}j;"jpd;
MSikiag; gw;wp fPo;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpd;wJ:
''epr;rakhf
my;yh`;
cq;fs;
kPJ
(Ml;rp
Ghpa)mtiuj;
Njh;e;njLj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. md;wp fy;tpapYk;> clw;fl;bYk; cq;fistpl mtiu
mjpfg;gLj;jpAk; itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;.""(-2 -247)
MSikg; gw;wpa NkNy fz;l tpsf;fj;jpd; xspapy; 'my;FHMdpa MSik" vd;gJ
vd;d vd;gjid tpsq;f KbfpwJ. my;FHMdpa rpe;jidg;ghq;ifAk; kdg;ghq;ifAk;
ngw;w xUtNu my;FHMdpa MSikiag; ngw;w xUtuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhh;.
vjidAk;
my;FHMdpd;
mbg;gilapy;
Nehf;Ffpd;w>
rpe;jpf;fpd;w>
Ma;fpd;w> jPh;khdpf;fpd;w rpe;jidg;Nghf;F> kdpjd;> gpugQ;rk;> tho;T
gw;wpa my;FHMdpd; mbahfg; gpwf;fpd;w fz;Nzhl;lk;> 'mfPjh" vDk;
ek;gpf;if rhh;e;j mk;rq;fs;> '\hPM" vDk; rl;lk; rhh;e;j tplaq;fs;> 'mf;yhf;"
vDk; xOf;fg;gz;ghL njhlh;ghd mk;rq;fs; cl;gl tho;tpd; midj;J elj;ijfisAk;
152

my;FHMdpd;
ntspr;rj;jpy;
Nehf;Ffpd;w
Nghf;ifNa
'my;FHMdpa
rpe;jidg;ghq;F" vd;fpNwhk;. NtWthh;j;ijapy; nrhy;tjhapd;> midj;J
epfo;TfisAk; my;FHMdpa mbg;gilapy; tpsf;Ffpd;w> mjidNa midj;Jf;Fk;
msTNfhyhff; nfhs;fpd;w jd;ikiaNa 'my;FHMdpa rpe;jidg;ghq;F" vdyhk;.
NkNy tpsf;fpa rpe;jidg;ghq;fpd; gpujpgypg;ghfTk; ntspg;ghlhfTk; miktNj
kdg;ghq;fhFk;.kdpjdJ Mir> mgpyhi\fs;> elj;ijfs; Nghd;wd ngUk;ghYk;
mtd; nfhz;Ls;s fUj;Jf;fs;> fz;Nzhl;lq;fspdJk;> rpe;jidg; Nghf;FfspdJk;
ntspg;ghlhFk; vd;gjid kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. vdNt FHMdpa kdg;ghq;fhdJ
my;FHMdpd; mbahfg; gpwe;j rpe;jidg;ghq;fpd; eilKiwr; nraw;ghNlad;wp
Ntwpy;iy.
,t;tifapy;> FHMdpa fUj;Jf;fis elj;ijf;Fg; ghpth;j;jid
MSikf;Fhpa ,U $WfSk; xd;wpize;J mJ KOik ngWfpd;wJ.

nra;Ak;

NghNj

my;FHMd; vg;nghOJk; MSikapd; ,U gFjpfisAk; ,izf;f tpUk;GfpwJ. fUj;jhf

cs;sit midj;Jk; nray;fshf khwNtz;Lk; vd;gJ my;FHMd; typAWj;Jk; XH
mbg;gilahd fUj;jhFk;. MSikapd; xU $iw mLj;jjpypUe;J gphpg;gij
my;FHMd; td;ikahff; fz;bf;fp;wJ.
''tpRthrpfNs! ePq;fs; nra;ahjtw;iwapl;L Vd; $WfpwPHfs;? ePq;fs;
nra;ahjijf; $WtJ my;yh`; tplj;jpy; kpfTk; ntWf;fj;jf;fjha; cs;sJ."" (61 - 2> 3)
my;FHMdpa MSikia cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Kd;khjphpia egp (]y;) mth;fsplkpUe;J
ngwNtz;bAs;sJ. md;dhh; KOikahd my;FHMdpa MSikiag; ngw;w
gy;yhapuk; jdpkdpjh;fis cUthf;fpaJ khj;jpuky;y> my;FHMdpa r%fk;
xd;wpidNa fl;bnaOg;gpdhh;fs;. egpath;fs; cUthf;fpa kdpjh;fs; elkhLk;
FHMd;fshfj; jpfo;e;jdh;. ghijapYk; filj;njUtpYk; vd;Wk; vg;NghJk;
my;FHMid epjh;rdkhf md;W fhzf;$bajhapUe;jJ.
,d;W Vd; mj;jifa XH my;FHMdpa r%fj;ij cUthf;f Kbtjpy;iy? md;iwa ]`hgh r
%fj;jpw;Ff; fpilj;j my;FHMd; ,d;Wk; cs;sJ. mth;fs; ngw;w ]{d;dhTk; ]
PuhTk; ,d;Wk; fpilf;ff;$bajha; cs;sd. ,d;W egpkhj;jpuk; vk;kj;jpapy; ,y;iy.
MapDk;> Fwpj;j r%fk; cUthf egpapy;yhik jhd; fhuzk; vd epahak; fw;gpf;f
KbahJ; Vnddpy;> ,k;khh;f;fk; tho;tjw;Fk;> cyfpy; epiyg;gjw;Fk;> egp
njhlh;e;Jk; caph; tho;tJ mtrpankd;wpUg;gpd; ,k;khh;f;fk; KOkdpj
rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; chpajhfTk;> ,Wjpj; J}jhfTk;> kWiktiu kdpj Fyj;jpw;F
topfhl;bahfTk; mikf;fg;ngw;wpUf;f KbahJ. ,t;Ntjk; epiyf;f egpath;fs;
caph;tho;tJ mtrpakhdjd;W vd;gjdhNyNa my;yh`; md;dhiu mth;fspd; 23
tUlfhy gzpapd; gpd;dh; jd;gf;fk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. vdNt> gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
,d;Wtiu vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;w my;FHMdpa r%fk; cUthfhky; ,Ug;gjw;Fhpa
fhuzkhf egpapd; ,og;igf; $w KbahJ. mt;thNw md;iwa my;FHMdpa r%fk;
cUthf egp capUld; tho;e;jikNa mbg;gilf;fhuzk; vd;Wk; $w KbahJ;
mg;gbahapd;> md;iwa r%fj;ij cUthf;fpa md;iwa kdpjh;fis my;FHMdpa
MSik ngw;wth;fshf khw;wpa NtW fhuzpfs; epr;rak; ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

153

mf;fhuzpfis Muha;e;j '\`Pj; n]a;apj; Fj;g;" mth;fs; mbg;gilahd %d;W

fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;iw moFw tpsf;fpAs;shh;.
Kjw;fhuzp :
md;iwa kdpjh;fs; jkJ Vf topfhl;bahf my;FHMidNa nfhz;bUe;jdh;.
my;FHMd; my;yhj NtW vjidAk; mth;fs; jq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;ly;fisNah
rl;ljpl;lq;fisNah ngw;Wf;nfhs;s ehltpy;iy.
egpfshhpd; ]{d;dhitg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; mJ my;FHMDf;fhd eilKiw
tpsf;fkhfNt ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,jdhy;jhd; egpath;fspd; tho;T gw;wp md;id Map\h
(uop) mth;fsplk; tpdtg;gl;l NghJ> 'md;dhhpd; tho;T my;FHMdhfNt ,Ue;jJ"
(Mjhuk;: e]h<) vd ,uj;jpdr; RUf;fkhfg; gjpy; mspj;jhh;fs;.
jkJ ghriwapy; tsUk; Njhoh;fs; vtUk; my;FHMd; my;yhj NtnwjidAk; ehlf;
$lhJ vd;gjpy; egpath;fs; fz;bg;ghf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,jdhy; jhd; xU
re;jh;g;gj;jpy; njsuhj;jpd; gpujpnahd;iwj; jk; ifapy; itj;jpUe;j ckh; (wop)
mth;fisf; fz;l egpath;fs; fLQ;rpdq;nfhz;L fPo;tUkhW gfh;e;jhh;fs;:
'my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf ,d;W %]h cq;fs; kj;jpapy; tho;e;jpUg;gpDk;
mtUk; vd;idNa gpd;gw;w Ntz;bapUf;Fk;." (mG+jhT+j;)
md;iwa mk;kdpjh;fs; my;FHMid khj;jpuk; jkJ xNu topfhl;bahff;
nfhz;bUe;jikf;F> mth;fSf;F md;iwa #o;epiyapy; NtW nfhs;iffs;
fpilf;fhikNa fhuzk; vd;W vtUk; $Wthuhapd;> mJ tuyhW gw;wpa mtuJ
mwptPdj;ijNa fhl;Lk;; Vnddpy;> ]`hghf;fs; tho;e;j fhyg;gphpit
Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ> md;W mwpT Muha;r;rpfSk; ehfhpfq;fSk; gz;ghLfSk;
fiyfSk; ,y;yhkypUf;ftpy;iy.
md;W Nuhkh;fspd; ehfhpfKk;> fiy fyhrhuKk;> rl;lKk;> E}y;fSk; ,Ue;jd.
fpNuf;fhpd; jh;f;ftpay;> jj;Jtk; cl;gl ,d;Dk; gy fiyfs; fhzf;fpilj;jd.
ghurPfj;jpd; ehfhpfKk;> fiyfs;> ftpijfs;> murpaw;Nfhl;ghL Nghd;witAk;
md;W ,Ue;jd. ,e;jpahtpYk; rPdhtpYk; $l ehfhpf tsh;r;rp fhzg;glNt nra;jJ.
Fwpg;ghf muG ehl;ilr; #o Nuhk> ghurPfKk;> A+j> fpwp];jt kjKk;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jd.
vdpDk;> my;FHMidj; jtpu NtW vjidAk; ehlf;$lhJ vd;gJ ,iwtdJk; mtd; J}juJk;
jpl;lkhfTk;> KbthfTk; ,Ue;jikapdhy; mk;kdpjh;fs; my;FHMd; xd;iwNa
jq;fsJ xNu topfhl;bahf mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;.
,uz;lhtJ fhuzp :
my;FHMdpa kdpjh;fs; my;FHMidf; fz;l tpjKk;> mZfpa KiwAk; mth;fs;
my;FHMdpa MSikia KOikahfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg; nghpJk; Jiz Ghpe;jd.

154

mth;fs; my;FHMid mZfpa NghJ ntWkNd Xjp guf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Nehf;FlNdh my;yJ mjpy; mwpT Muha;r;rpapid
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;FlNdh md;wp mjpYs;s ,yf;fpa ,d;gj;ij mDgtpf;Fk;
Nehf;FlNdh mZftpy;iy. khwhf> my;FHMdpd; NghjidfisAk;> mjd;
fl;lisfisAk; mwpe;J tho;tpy; mtw;iwr; nraw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w czh;TlNdNa
mth;fs; my;FHMid mZfpdh;. my;FHMidg; ghh;f;Fk; mstpw;F> XJk;
mstpw;Fj; jq;fSf;fhd flikfSk; nghWg;Gf;fSk; mjpfhpf;Fk; vd;w czh;Nt
mth;fsplk; kpifj;J epd;wJ.
,e;jtifapy; mk;kdpjh;fs; my;FHMid XH ,yf;fpa E}yhfNth> tuyhw;W
VlhfNth> mwptpaw; fsQ;rpakhfNth fhzhJ jq;fsJ tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd midj;J
topfhl;ly;fisAk; toq;Fk; xU topfhl;b E}yhff; fz;ldh;.
%d;whtJ fhuzp :
egpj;Njhoh;fs; my;FHMdpa MSikia KOikahfg; ngWtjw;Fj; Jizepd;w
gpwpnjhU fhuzpAk; cz;L. [h`pypa;aj;Jld; mth;fs; nfhz;l epiyg;ghNl
mJthFk;. Mth;fs; ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;j khj;jpuj;jpy;> gioa [h`pypa;aj;jpy; ,Ue;J
Kw;WKOjhf tpLgl;lhh;fs;. mjd; r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk;. rpe;jidapy; ,Ue;Jk;> Vd;
#oypy; ,Ue;Jk; $l mfd;whh;fs;. xU [h`pypa;aj;jhd mk;rk; mth;fspy;
xUthpy; mtiu mwpahky; ntspg;gLk; NghJk;> mjid czh;fpd;w NghJk; mJ
jd;id ,];yhj;jpypUe;Nj ntspg;gLj;jptpl;l czh;itg; ngw;whh;.
egpj;Njhoh;fis my;FHMdpa kdpjh;fshf cUthf;fj; JizGhpe;j fhuzpfisNa
NkNy fz;Nlhk;. ,f;fhuzpfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L nraw;gLk; NghJ ,d;Wk; mj;jifa
kdpjh;fis cUthf;f KbAk; vd;gjpy; vj;jifa re;NjfKk; ,y;iy.
,Jtiu 'my;FHMdpa MSik" vd;why; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpAk;> mj;jifa KO MSik
ngw;w kdpjh;fis egpath;fs; cUthf;fj; JizGhpe;j fhuzpfs; ahit vd;gjidAk;
nghJg;gilahf Nehf;fpNdhk;.
njhlh;e;J> my;FHMdpa MSik ngw;w kdpjh;fis cUthf;f KidAk; NghJ
fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba mk;rq;fisr; rpwpJ tphpthf Nehf;FNthk;.
my;FHMd; cUthf;f tpUk;Gk; kdpjd; clyhYk;> cs;sj;jhYk;> Md;khthYk;>
mwpthYk; Nkk;gl;Lj; jpfo;thd;. my;FHMd; ntWkNd fpNuf;fh;fs; nra;jJ
Nghd;W kdpjdJ %isiaj; jj;Jtf; fUj;Jf;fshy; epug;g tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. my;yJ
,e;jpah;fs; nra;jJ Nghd;W ntWk; Md;kPf mDgtq;fis khj;jpuk; kdpjDf;F
toq;f tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. my;yJ Nuhkh;fisg; Nghd;W kdpjdpd; ntWk; cly;
tsh;r;rpia khj;jpuk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;tJkpy;iy. my;yJ ,d;iwa cyfk; Nehf;FtJ
Nghd;W kdpjdJ rlhPjpahd tsh;r;rpf;F kl;Lk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gJkpy;iy.
khwhf> my;FHMd; kdpjid cly;> cs;sk;> rpe;jid Mfpa %d;W $Wfspdhy;
cUthdtd; vdf; fhz;fpwJ. ,t;tbg;gilapNyNa mtdJ MSikia tsh;g;gjw;fhd
jpl;lj;ijAk; toq;fpAs;sJ. ,f;$Wfspy; xd;W kw;iwaij kpifj;J tplhjthW
%d;Wf;Fk; rk mstpyhd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mJ toq;Ffpd;wJ. mwpTg; gyk;>
155

Md;kPfg; gyk;> clw; gyk;> gz;ghl;Lg; gyk; Mfpa midj;Jr; rf;jpfisAk;

xUq;Nf
ngw;wtNd
my;FHMdpa
MSikia
KOikahfg;
ngw;wtdhff;
nfhs;sg;gLfpwhd;.
,dp ehk; my;FHMdpd; ntspr;rj;jpy; MSikapd; Fwpj;j $Wfs; gw;wpr;
RUf;fkhff; fhz;Nghk;.
mbg;gilahf my;FHMd; kdpjdpd; MSikia Md;kPfhPjpahff; fl;bnaOg;g
tpUk;GfpwJ. ,e;j tifapy; Kjyhtjhf Md;kPf tsh;r;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mJ
typAWj;JfpwJ.
''epr;rakhf mjid (Md;khit) J}a;ikg;gLj;jpatd; ntw;wpngw;whd;. mjid
khRgLj;jpatd; Njhy;tpaile;jhd;"" vd;W $WfpwJ. mjw;fhd topKiwfisAk; mJ
tpsf;FfpwJ. njhOif> jpf;h; Nghd;wtw;iw cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
Md;kPfj;ijg;
nghWj;jtiuapy;>
vj;jifNahnudpy;...

my;FHMd;

fhztpUk;Gk;

kdpjh;fs;

''mth;fs; epd;w epiyapYk;> ,Ue;j epiyapYk;> rha;e;j epiyapYk; my;yh`;it

jpf;h; nra;thh;fs;.""
''NkYk;> (,utpNy) jq;fsJ gLf;ifapy; ,Ue;J jq;fs; tpyhf;fis cah;j;jp (vOe;J
mg;Gwg;gl;L) jq;fs; ,iwtdplk; ek;gpf;if itj;Jk; gae;Jk; (mtidg;) gpuhh;j;jid
nra;thh;fs;.""
''NkYk;
mth;fs;>
jq;fs;
,iwtid
epd;wth;fshfTk;>
gzpe;jth;fshfTk;> ,unty;yhk; tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs;.""

rpuk;

''NkYk;> ,uT NtisapNy (eLeprpapNy) mth;fs; ghtkd;dpg;Gf; NfhUNthuha;

,Ug;gh;.""
mLj;J> my;FHMd; kdpjid> mtdJ MSikia mwpT> rpe;jdh hPjpahff;
fl;bnaOg;g tpUk;GfpwJ.
,e;jtifapy; Kjypy; mwptpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
my;FHMdpy; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. mjd; Muk;g trdNk mwpitg;gw;wpAk;>
mwptpw;Fj; Jiz Ghpfpd;w thrpg;G> vOj;J> vOJNfhy; gw;wpAk; NgRtjidf;
fhzKbfpwJ.
njhlh;e;J ,wq;fpa trdKk; vOj;jpdJk;> NgdhtpdJk;> E}y;fspdJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
typAWj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.
''E}d;> Ngdhtpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf mjidf; nfhz;L mth;fs; vOjpait kPJ
rj;jpakhf.""(60 :1)
rpe;jpf;fTk;
fhzKbfpwJ.

MuhaTk;

kdpjidj;

J}z;Lfpd;w

156

gy

trdq;fis

my;FHMdpy;

''mth;fs; rpe;jpf;f khl;lhh;fsh?""

''ePq;fs; Nahrid nra;tjpy;iyah?""
''mwpTs;s> rpe;jpf;fpd;w kdpjh;fSf;Nf ,jpy; mj;jhl;rp cz;L.""
'',J mwpTs;sth;fSf;Nf""
'',J rpe;jidj; njspTs;sth;fSf;Nf.""
Nghd;w mikg;gpy; Kbtilfpd;w mjpfkhd trdq;fis my;FHMdpy; gutyhff;
fhzKbAk;.
Md;kPfKk;> mwpTk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,ize;jitfshFk;. MSikia cUthf;Fk; ,U
mbg;gilf; $Wfshf ,it fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,itapuz;ilAk; gphpg;gJ gpioahd jhFk;.
Vnddpy; kdpjdJ elj;ij vd;gJ> mtdJ rpe;jidapd; tho;T gpugQ;rk; - kdpjd; Mfpatw;iwg; gw;wpa mtdJ fUj;jpd; ntspg;ghlhFk;.
,jdhy;jhd; my;FHMd; ,itapuz;ilAk; gy ,lq;fspy; ,izj;Js;sJld; rpyNghJ mwpit>
<khdpYk; Kw;gLj;jpf; $wpapUg;gjid mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.
''vth;fSf;Ff; fy;tpawpT nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wNjh mth;fs; epr;rakhf ,J ckJ
,iwtdplk; ,Ue;J te;j cz;ik vd;W cWjpahf mwpe;J> tpRthrpj;J>
kdg;G+HtkhfNt mtDf;F topg;gLfpd;wdh;."" (22:54)
MSikapd; NkYnkhU $whd gz;ghL gw;wpAk; my;FHMd; NgRfpwJ. gz;ghl;L
hPjpapy; kdpjdJ MSik fl;bnaOg;gg;gl Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ijAk; mJ
typAWj;JfpwJ. neQ;Ruk;> tha;ik> Jzpr;ry;> Neh;ik> cWjp> ed;ikia
Vtpj;jPikiaj; jLj;jy;> Rj;jk; Ngzy;> rl;lj;ijAk; xOq;ifAk; Ngzy; Nghd;w gy
gz;Gfisg; gw;wp my;FHMd; NgRfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf my;FHMdpa kdpjdpd;
MSikf;F cu%l;Lk; 4 (ehd;F) gz;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
']g;h;" vDk; nghWikAk; rfpg;Gj;jd;ikAk;;
']ghj;" vDk; cWjpAk; ];jpuj;jd;ikAk;
'mky;" vDk; ek;gpf;ifAk; vjph;ghh;g;Gk;
,Wjpahf> 'gj;y;" vDk; jpahfKk; ciog;Gk;.
My;FHMd;>
']g;iu"
ntw;wpahsh;fspd;
XH
mbg;gilg;
gz;ghff;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Yf;khd; (miy) mth;fs; jdJ kfDf;Fr;nra;j cgNjrq;fspy;
']g;Uk;" ,lk; ngw;Ws;sikiaf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

157

''mUik kfNd! njhOifia epiyehl;L> ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikia tpyf;F> cdf;Nfw;gl;l

Jd;gq;fisr; rfpj;Jf; nfhs;. ,it cWjpahd tplaq;fspy; cs;sitahFk;."" (31: 17)
NkYk;> Nghuhspfspd; gpuhh;j;jidahf
fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

']g;h;"

miktjid

my;FHMd;

''vq;fs; ,iwtNd! eP vq;fs; kPJ nghWikiar; nrhhpthahf! vq;fs; ghjq;fis

cWjpg;gLj;jp itg;ghahf! epuhfhpf;Fk; ,k;kf;fs; kPJ (ntw;wpngw) eP
vq;fSf;F cjtp Ghpthahf!"" (2:250)
,uz;lhtJ gz;ghd ']ghj;ij" jdJ ,yl;rpag;ghijapy;> mJ vt;tsT ePz;ljhf ,Ug;gpDk;
];jpukhf epiyj;J epw;gjidg; gw;wp my;FHMd; tpsf;FfpwJ. Muk;gfhy
egpj;Njhoh;fsplj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l ,g;gz;ig mJ rpyhfpj;Jf; $WfpwJ.
''tpRthrpfspy; rpyh; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. mth;fs; my;yh`;tplk; jhk; nra;j
cld;gbf;ifia cz;ikahf;fp itj;jhh;fs;. mth;fspy; rpyh; (tPukuzkile;J) jkJ ,yf;if
mile;J tpl;ldh;. NtW rpyh; mjid vjph;ghh;j;J epw;fpd;wdh;. mth;fs; (jkJ
thf;if) xU rpwpJk; khw;wtpy;iy.""(33: 23)
mLj;j gz;ghd 'mky;" vDk; ,Wjpntw;wp my;yh`;Tila khh;f;fj;jpw;Nf fpl;Lk;
vd;w ek;gpf;if ,Uf;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ijg; gw;wpAk; mJ tpsf;FfpwJ.
''top jtwpNahiuj;jtpu NtW vth; jhd; ,iwtdJ mUspy; ek;gpf;if ,of;f KbAk;!""
(15:56)
,Wjpg; gz;ghd 'gj;y;"- jpahfk; gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;w gy trdq;fis my;FHMdpy;
fhzKbAk;. fhyk;> Neuk;> gzk;> rf;jp Mfpatw;iw ,iwghijapy; nryT nra;a
Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij my;FHMd; Mq;fhq;Nf typAWj;jp epw;fpwJ.
kdpjdJ MSik KOik ngw clyhNuhf;fpaKk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ,lj;ij tfpf;fhky;
,y;iy. ,jdhNyNa my;FHMd; cly; MNuhf;fpak; Ngzy;> mjd; Njitfisf;
ftdpj;jy;> mjw;F tYT+l;ly; Nghd;wtw;wpd; mtrpaj;ijg; gw;wpg;
NgRfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhff; fPo;tUk; my;FHMd; trdj;ijf; ftdpg;Nghk;.
''(egpNa!)
$Wk;:
mbahh;fSf;fhf
my;yh`;
newpg;gLj;jpAs;s
myq;fhuq;fisAk; ey;y Mfhuq;fisAk; ($lhjitnad) tpyf;FNthh; ahh;?"" (7: 32)
clk;Gf;Fj;jPq;ifAk;> Nfl;ilAk; Vw;gLj;jf; $batw;iwj; jtph;f;FkhW my;FHMd;
gzpf;fpd;wJ.
''NkYk; ePq;fs; tpgr;rhuj;ij neUq;fTk; Ntz;lhk;."" (17: 32)
my;FHMd; jhd; fhz tpUk;Gk; KOikahd MSik ngw;w kdpjDf;Fj; Njitahd
midj;J mbg;gilfisAk; moFw tpsf;fpAs;sijf; fhzyhk;. ,e;j tifapy; my;FHMd;
cUthf;f tpUk;Gk; kdpjid ,uj;jpdr;RUf;fkhf ',khk; `]Dy; gd;dh(u`;)" glk;
gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;.
158

'ek;gpf;ifapy; (mfPjh) rPuhd tzf;fj;jpy; (,ghjj;) rhpahd gz;ghl;by; rpwe;j

mwpT tpsf;fKs;s> cly; MNuhf;fpakpf;f> ciof;Fk; rf;jp ngw;w> gpwUf;F
ed;ik nra;fpd;w> jd; cs;sj;Jld; NghuhLfpd;w> Neuj;jpd; ngWkjpiaAzh;e;J
jdJ fUkq;fis xOq;fhf Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w kdpjNd my;FHMd; fhz tpUk;Gk; cz;ik
K];ypk; Mthd;;."

fy;tp> fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; - egpfshupd;

topfhl;ly;fs;;
,];yhk; fy;tp> fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; njhlu;ghf tpupthf NgRfpd;w
khu;f;fkhFk;. my;Fu;Mid Nehf;Fk; NghJ ,];yhk; mwpTf;F toq;fpAs;s
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;sKbAk;.
159

my;Fh;Midg; NghyNt egpatu;fspd; `jP];fspYk; mwpT gw;wp tpupthfg;

Ngrg;gl;Ls;sij fhzKbfpwJ.
ngUk;ghyhd `jP]; fpue;jq;fspy; fpjhGy; ,y;k; vd;w ngaupy; mwpitg;
gw;wpg; NgRk; `jP];fisf; nfhz;l xU jdpahd mj;jpahaj;ijf; fhz KbAk;.
mwpTld;
njhlu;ghd
gy
`jP];fs;
NtW
gy
mj;jpahaq;fspYk;
,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. cjhuzkhf 'fpjhGj; jpg;gp" (kUj;Jtk; gw;wpaJ) vd;w
mj;jpahaj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd `jP]; fpue;jq;fspy; xd;whd ]
`P`{y; G`hupapy; khj;jpuk; 'fpjhGy; ,y;k;" vd;w mj;jpahaj;jpy; 102
egpnkhopfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,dp> mwptpd; rpwg;igf; $Wk; rpy `jP];fis
ghu;g;Nghk;.
'xUtu; mwpitj; Njb xU ghijapy; nrd;why;> my;yh`; mjidf; nfhz;L mtUf;F
Rtdk; nry;Yk; xU ghijia ,yFgLj;jpf; nfhLf;fpd;whd;." (K];ypk;)
'epr;rakhf mwpitj; Njbr; nry;gtDf;F> kyf;Ffs; mtd; nra;Ak; mt;Ntiyapy;
jpUg;jpaile;J jkJ ,wf;iffis tpupf;fpd;wdu;. mwpQDf;fhf> ePupy; cs;s
kPd;fs; cl;gl> thdk; kw;Wk; G+kpapy; cs;s midj;Jk; ght kd;dpg;Gf;
NfhUfpd;wd. Xu; 'Mgpj;" (tzf;fthspf;F) Kd;dhy;> Xu; mwpQdpd; rpwg;G>
el;rj;jpuq;fSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ re;jpuDf;Fs;s rpwg;igg; Nghd;wjhFk;.
NkYk;> mwpQu;fs; egpkhu;fspd; thupRfshtu;. egpkhu;fs; jq;f
ehzaj;ijNah my;yJ nts;sp ehzaj;ijNah thuprhf tpl;Lr; nry;ytpy;iy. mtu;fs;
mwpit kl;LNk thuprhf tpl;Lr; nrd;wdh;. mjidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ltu; ngUk;
Ngw;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ltuhtu;." (mG+jhTj;> m`;kj;)
mwpT Fiwe;J> cyfpy; mwpahik ,Us; #Ok; NghJ cyf tho;T
epiyg;gjw;fpy;iy. ,e;epiy cyfpd; mopTf;Ff; fl;bak; $Wtjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;w
fUj;ijj;jUk; gy MjhuG+u;tkhd `jP];fisf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.
'mwpT cau;j;jg;gLtJk;> mwpahik epiy ngWtJk; Af Kbtpd; milahsq;fspy;
xd;whFk;" vd egpatu;fs; $wpAs;shu;fs;. (Gfhup)
,jpypUe;J ,e;j
tpsq;fKbfpd;wJ.

cyfk;

mwptpNyNa

epiyj;jpUf;fpd;wJ

vd;w

cz;ikia

fw;gpj;jYf;fhd egpfshupd; topfhl;ly;fs;

fy;tp> mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> Nfhl;ghL gw;wpnay;yhk; tpsf;fpAs;s egpatu;fs;
fy;tpg; Nghjidapd; NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs;> fw;gpj;jYf;Ff;
ifahsNtz;ba
Kiwfs;>
cj;jpfs;
gw;wpAk;
tpsf;fpAs;shu;fs;.
khztDf;F md;G fhl;ly;:
Mrpupau;> khztu;fis md;ghfTk; gz;ghfTk; elhj;j Ntz;Lk; vd ,];yhk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wJ. K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpd; Kjy; Mrhdhff; fUjg;gLk; egp (]y;)
mtu;fs;> kf;fis md;gpd; mbg;gilapy; top elhj;Jgtu;fshfNt ,Ue;jhu;fs;.

160

,t;Tz;ikia my;Fu;Md; vj;Jiz mofhf tpsf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gjidf; fPo;tUk; jpUkiw

trdk; cq;fSf;F czu;j;Jfpd;wJ.
''(tpRthrpfNs!) cq;fspypUe;J epr;rakhf xU J}ju; cq;fsplk; te;jpUf;fpwhu;. ePq;fs;
f\;lj;Jf;Fs;shfp tpl;lhy; (mJ) mtUf;F kpfTk; tUj;jkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.md;wp> cq;fis
ngupJk; tpUk;Gfpd;wtuhfTk;> tpRthrpfs; kPJ kpfTk; md;Gk; fpUigAk;
cilatuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whu;"" (9:28)
jk;ikg; gw;wp tu;zpj;j egpatu;fs;.....>
'cz;ikapy; ehd; cq;fSf;F> Foe;ijfSf;Fj; je;ijiag; Nghd;W ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;"
vd;whu;fs;. (mG+jhT+j;> me;e]h<> ,g;D kh[h> ,g;D `pg;ghd;)
je;ijf;Fk; gps;isfSf;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;G md;gpdJk; ghrj;jpdJk; mbg;gilapy;
mike;jpUf;Fk;. mt;thWjhd; MrpupaDf;Fk; khztDf;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;Gk;
mika Ntz;Lnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU je;ij> jdJ gps;isfs; kj;jpapy;
gu];gu ghrj;ij tsu;g;gJ Nghy Xu; Mrpupau; jdJ khztu;fs; kj;jpapy; gu];gu
md;ig tsu;f;ff; flikg;gl;Ls;shu;.
khztu;fSf;Fg; ghlq;fis ,yFgLj;jpAk;> Mu;t%l;Lk; tpjj;jpYk; Nghjpg;gJ
khztu;fs; kPJ Mrpupau;fsJ md;gpd; ntspg;ghlhf mikAk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
jkJ Njhou;fis Mrpupau;fshf> miog;ghu;fshf. ePjpgjpfshf mDg;gpa
Ntisfspy; ,e;j mk;rj;ijNa mtu;fSf;F epidT+l;bdhu;fs;.
',yF
gLj;Jq;fs;>
f\;lg;gLj;jhjPu;fs;.
nra;ahjPu;fs;" (Gfhup > K];ypk;)

MirA+l;Lq;fs;>

ntWg;gilar;

'fy;tpA+l;Lq;fs;> fLikahf elj;jhjPu;fs;> fy;tpA+l;Lgtd; fLikahf elg;gtidtplr;

rpwe;jtd;." (my;-ig`fP -\{mGy; <khd;)
kf;fSf;F mwpT+l;Lk; Mrhdhfj; jpfo;e;j egpatu;fs; jk;kplk; Nghjidfisg; ngw
tUNthiu md;ghfTk; gz;ghfTk; elj;Jgtu;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs; vd;gjid my;Fu;Md;
fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
''egpNa! my;yh`;Tila mUspd; fhuzkhfNt> ePu; mtu;fs; kPJ ,uf;fKs;stuhdPu;.
fLfLg;ghdtuhfTk; fbd rpj;jKs;stuhfTk; ePu; ,Ue;jpUg;gPuhapd;> ck;kplkpUe;J
mtu;fs; ntUz;NlhbapUg;ghu;fs;"" (3:159)
Mrpupau;fs; khztu;fis mbg;gJ> jbiag; gad;gLj;JtJ ,];yhkpa fy;tp Kiwapy;
tuNtw;fg;gLtjpy;iy. Vnddpy;> jbiag; ghtpg;gJ> ehk; ,Jtiu tpsf;fpa
khztu;fis md;Gld; elhj;Jk; ghd;ikf;F KuzhdjhFk;.
'egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jkJ ifapdhy; ve;jnthU ngz;izNah> gzpahsidNah my;yJ
kpUfj;ijNah mbj;jjpy;iy" vd md;dhupd; NrtfdhftpUe;j md]; (wop) mtu;fs;
$Wfpd;whu;fs;. (Gfhup)

161

gps;isfs; gj;J taij mile;j gpd;dUk; njhOifia epiwNtw;whj Ntisapy;> mtu;fis

mbg;gjw;Fg; ngw;NwhUf;F ,];yhk; mDkjp toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,J njhOifapd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij czu;j;Jtjw;fhf tpjptpyf;fhf mike;j xU rl;lkhFk;.
jtW nra;jtDf;F mDjhgk; fhl;ly;
khztu;fs; jtW nra;Ak; NghJ fLikahf ele;J nfhs;tJ> jz;bg;gJ> gupfrpg;gJ
Nghd;w
mZFKiwfis
tpl>
mtu;fspd;
kPJ
mDjhgk;
nfhs;tNj
tuNtw;fj;jf;fjhFk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; ,jidj; njspthff;
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
xU Kiw xU ehl;Lg;Gw kdpju; gs;spapy; Eioe;J rpWePu; fopf;f Kw;gl;lhu;.
,jidf; fz;l egpj;Njhou;fs; mtiuf; fz;bf;f Kide;jdu;. clNd egpatu;fs; mtu;fisj;
jLj;J epWj;jp ''mtiuf; fz;bf;fhJ tpl;L tpLq;fs;"" vd;W $wpdhu;fs;.
mtiuaZfp> '',g;gs;spthry;fs; rpWePu; fopg;gJ> mRj;jg;gLj;JtJ Nghd;w
fUkq;fSf;Fj; jf;f ,lq;fsy;y. ,it my;yh`;it 'jpf;u;" nra;tJ> njhOtJ> Fu;Md; XJtJ
Nghd;wtw;wpw;Fupa ,lq;fshFk;"" vd;W $wptpl;L> xUtiu mioj;J> xU
thspj; jz;zPu; nfhz;L te;J mt;tplj;jpy; Cw;WkhW gzpj;jhu;fs;. (K];ypk;)
,q;F egpatu;fs;> me;j kdpju; gpwe;J tsu;e;j ehl;Lg;Gw gpd;dzpiaf;
ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L> mth; nra;j jtiw vt;thW mDjhgj;Jld; Nehf;fp> kpfTk;
ehRf;fhf mtiu newpg;gLj;jpdhu;fs; vd;gij fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
,t;thW> xU ghlrhiyf;F tUk; khztu;fSk; tpj;jpahrkhd FLk;gq;fspypUe;J
tUthu;fs;. Kuz;gl;l gz;GfSilatu;fshf ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ,jdhy;> mtu;fs; nra;Ak;
jtWfis Mrpupau;fs; kpfTk; mDjhgj;Jld; Nehf;FtNj rhyr; rpwe;jjhFk;.
md;Gfhl;l Ntz;Lk;> mDjhgk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vDk;NghJ> jtW nra;jtu;fis
mtu;fs; nra;j jtWfisf; Rl;bf;fhl;lhkNyNa tpl;L tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mu;j;jky;y.
khwhf>
ehRf;fhf>
Njitiag;
nghWj;J
NeubahfNth
kiwKfkhfNth
mtw;iwAzu;j;JtJ gpujhdkhFk;.
jpwikfisg; ghuhl;Ljy;
khztu;fSf;F md;G fhl;LtJ> mtu;fspd; jtWfis mDjhgj;Jld; Nehf;fp>
ehRf;fhfj; jpUj;JtJ Nghd;wtw;Wld; khztu;fspd; jpwikfis nkr;RtJk;> mtu;fsJ
ed;dlj;ijfisg; ghuhl;LtJk; Kf;fpakhditahFk;. vg;NghJk; Mrpupau;> jpwikia
ntspfhl;Lk; khztu;fSf;F Cf;fj;ijAk;> cw;rhfj;ijAk; nfhLf;ff; $batuhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jtifapy;jhd; egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> mofhf my;Fu;Mid Xjf;$batuhf ,Ue;j
mG+%]h my; m\;mup (wop) mtu;fisg; ghuhl;bdhu;fs;. (Gfhup> K];ypk;)
nghJthf ]`hghf;fs; ey;y tplaq;fisr; nra;j re;jh;g;gq;fspnyy;yhk; mtu;fis
egpatu;fs;
Gfo;e;jpUg;gijAk;
ghuhl;bapUg;gijAk;
tuyhw;wpy;
fhzKbfpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mG+ cigjh (wop) mtu;fis ',e;j ck; kj;jpd;
162

ek;gpf;iff;Fupatu; vd;Wk;> mG+gf;fu; (wop) mtu;fis ck;kj;jpdupy;

md;ghdtu; vd;Wk;> myp (wop) mtu;fisr; rpwe;j ePjpgjpnad;Wk;> i]ij
thupRupikr; rl;l ty;Yeu; vd;Wk;> KMj; (wop) mtu;fis `yhy; `uhk;
tplaq;fspy; Nju;e;jtu; vd;Wk; tu;zpj;Jg; ghuhl;bAs;shu;fs;.
gbKiw mikg;igg; Ngzy;:
,];yhk; vy;yh tplaq;fspYk; gbKiw mikg;igg; NgZfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fSk;
gbg;gbahfNt toq;fg;gl;ld. fy;tpg; Nghjidapd; NghJk; ,k;Kiwiaf; filg;gpbf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd ,];yhk; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ. KMj; (wop) mtu;fis egpatu;fs; nakd;
gpuNjrj;jpw;F mDg;g Kw;gl;l Ntisapy; vt;thW gbg;gbahf> xd;wd; gpd;
xd;whf khu;f;ff; flikfis mq;F thOk; kf;fSf;F tpsf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gijj;
njspTgLj;jpdhu;fs;.
fw;gpj;jypy; <LgLk; Mrpupau; msT> mikg;G Mfpa ,uz;bYk; ,g;gbKiwiag;
Ngz Ntz;Lk; mjhtJ> khztDf;F mtd; ,Uf;Fk; juj;jpy; ve;jsT mwpitf; nfhLf;f
Ntz;LNkh me;jsitNa toq;f Ntz;Lk;. xNu jlitapy; mjpfkhd tplaq;fisg; GFj;j
Kw;gLk; NghJ> mtdhy; fpufpf;f KbAkhd rpwpjsitAk; $l> mtd; ,oe;J tpLk;
epiyNa cUthFk;.
NkYk;> ghlq;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; Mrpupau;fs;> khztu;fSf;F Kjypy;
njupe;jijAk; gpd;du;> njupahjijAk; Kjypy; njspthdijAk; gpd;du;
kaf;fkhdijAk; Kjypy; ,yFthdijAk; gpd;du; f\;lkhdijAk;> Kjypy; eilKiwiaAk;
gpd;du; rpj;jhe;jj;ijAk; gbKiw mikg;gpy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kf;fpakhd tplak;
ahnjdpy;> xU ghlj;ijf; fw;gpf;Fk; Mrpupau;> Kjypy; khztu;fSf;F
mg;ghlj;Jld; njhlu;ghd rpf;fyhd> EZf;fkhd tplaq;fisf; fw;gpf;ff; $lhJ.
mg;ghlj;jpd;
,yFthd>
kaf;fkw;w
gFjpapy;
,Ue;Nj
Nghjidia
Muk;gpf;fNtz;Lk;.
vdNtjhd; vkJ Muk;gfhy mwpQu;fs;> juj;ijf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L> E}y;fisf;
fl;lq;fshfg; gpupj;J vOjpdhu;fs;. cjhuzkhf> ,khk; f];]hyp mtu;fs; \hgp<
kj;`gpd; rl;lq;fis tpsf;Fk; Xu; Muk;g E}iy my;t[P]; (RUf;fk;) vd;w ngaupy;
vOjpdhu;fs;. gpd;du; my;t]Pj; (,ilepiy E}y;) vd;w ngaupy; kw;nwhU E}iy
vOjpdhu;fs;. mLj;J my;kg;]_j; (tpsf;fk;) vDk; ngaupy; tpupthd xU E}iy
Mf;fpdhu;fs;.
,t;thW khztu;fspd; ju tpj;jpahrj;ijf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;Nl vkJ ,khk;fs; E}y;fis
vOjpAs;shu;fs;.
jdpegu; tpj;jpahrq;fisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sy;
Mw;wy;fisAk; jpwikfisAk; nghWj;jtiuapy; khztu;fs; gy juj;jpduhf ,Ug;gu;.
tpsq;Fk; jd;ik> fpufpf;Fk; Mw;wy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; xUtUf;nfhUtu; NtWgl;L
epw;gu;. xUtUf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; xd;W kw;nwhUtUf;Fg; nghUj;jkhapUf;fhJ.
xU #oYf;F ,iaghf ,Uf;Fk; xd;W kw;nwhU #oYf;F Vw;Gilajha; ,Uf;fhJ xU

163

fhyj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhaikAk; xd;W kw;nwhW fhyj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkw;wjhf ,Uf;f

KbAk;.
xt;nthU khztidAk; jdpj;jdpahf mtjhdpj;J mtDf;Fj; Njitahd mwpit mtrpakhd
mstpYk; juj;jpYk;> nghUj;jkhd Neuj;jpYk; toq;Fk; jpwikAs;stNu rpwe;j
Mrpupau; Mthu;.
kdpj ,dj;jpd; Kjy; Mrhdhff; fUjj;jf;f egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,j;jifa tpj;jpahrq;fis
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sj; jtwtpy;iy. fy;tpg; Nghjidapd; NghJ Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
NtWghLfis egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;l tpjj;ijg; gpd;tUkhW RUf;fkhf
Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
1. jk;kplk; te;jtu;fspd; NtWghLfisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L> mtu;fspy;
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Vw;w Nghjidfisg; nghUj;jkhdjhf mikj;Jf; nfhz;lik.
. egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; gyu; te;J jkf;F cgNjrpf;FkhW Ntz;ba Ntisfspy;>
mtu;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd cgNjrq;fisr; nra;jhu;fs;.
. xUtUf;F 'ePu; my;yh`;it tzq;f Ntz;Lk;. mtDf;F '\pu;f;" itf;ff; $lhJ. njhOifia
epiyehl;b> ]f;fhj;ijAk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,dge;Jf;fisr; Nru;e;J elf;f Ntz;Lk;"
vd;whu;fs;.
. kw;nwhUtUf;F> 'vq;fpUe;j NghJk; my;yh`;itg; gae;J nfhs;tPuhf. xU
jPikiar; nra;Jtpl;lhy;> mjidj; njhlue;J xU ed;ikiar; nra;J tpLtPuhf. me;j
ed;ikahdJ mj;jPikia mopj;J tpLk;. kdpju;fSld; gz;ghfg; goFtPuhf"
vd;whu;fs;.
. NkYk; xUtUf;F> 'my;yh`;it <khd; nfhz;Nld; vd;W $wpg; gpd;du; mjpy;
epiyj;jpUg;gPuhf" vd;W cgNjrpj;jhu;fs;;.
. ,d;ndhUtUf;F egpatu;fs;> 'Nfhgg;glhjPu;" vd cgNjrpj;jhu;fs;.
2.
xNu
Nfs;tpf;F>
mjidf;
Nfl;ltu;fisf;
ftdj;jpw;
nfhz;L
tpj;jpahrkhd
gjpy;fisf;
$wpaik.
cjhuzkhf>
'rpwe;j
mky;
vJ?
my;yJ ,];yhj;jpy; kpfr; rpwe;jJ vJ? ,t;thW gyu;> gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
egpatu;fsplk; Nfl;Ls;sdu;. ,j;jifa Nfs;tpfSf;F mtu;fs; rpyNghJ njhOifiaAk;>
kw;nwhU NghJ [p`hijAk;. rpyNtis `[;i[Ak; rpwe;j mky;" vd
tpsf;fpAs;shu;fs;.
. ,e;j tifapy;jhd; 'fhyr; #oy; khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g rl;lq;fs; khWgLk;" vd;w
mbg;gilia ,];yhk; mq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ.
. egpatu;fs; jk;kplk; te;jtu;fspd; NtWghLfisg; nghWj;J mtu;fSld; ele;J
nfhs;Sk; KiwiaAk; tpj;jpahrkhdjhf mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.

164

. NkYk;> egpatu;fs; fl;lisfisg; gpwg;gpf;Fk;NghJ kdpju;fspd; rf;jp>

gpd;dzp Nghd;wtw;iwf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;lhu;fs;.
. xUtupd; Fwpj;j xU elj;ijia mq;fPfupj;j egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> kw;nwhUtupy;
mNj elj;ij ntspg;gl;lNghJ mjid mq;fPfupf;fhjpjpUe;jJz;L. re;ju;g;g
#o;epiyfs;> kdpju;fspd; gpd;dzpfs; Nghd;wtw;iwf; ftdpj;Nj mtu;fs;
,tw;iwj; jPu;khdpj;Js;shu;fs;.
eLepiyiaf; iff;nfhs;sy;
. fw;gpj;jypy; <LgLk; Mrpupau; vg;NghJk; ftdj;jpy; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;ba
Kf;fpakhdNjhu; mk;rkhf ,J tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. khztu;fSf;Fr; rypg;G Vw;gLk;
msTf;F tpupthfNth> my;yJ gpuNahrdj;ijf; Fiwj;JtpLk; msTf;Fr; RUf;fpNah
fy;tpg; Nghjidia mikj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ> khwhf eL epiyiaf; filg;gpbf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
. mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (uop) mtu;fs; xt;nthU thuKk; tpahof;fpoik
kf;fSf;Fg; Nghjid nra;gtu;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs;. xU Kiw xU kdpju; mtu;fis
mZfp> 'Vd; ePq;fs; jpdKk; Nghjid nra;af; $lhJ?" vd;W Nfl;lhu;. mjw;F
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (wop) mtu;fs;. 'ehd; kf;fisr; rypg;gilar; nra;tij
ntWf;fpd;Nwd;. ,JNt mg;gbr; nra;a vdf;Fj; jilahfTs;sJ. vq;fSf;Fr; rypg;G
Vw;gl;L tpLNkh vd;w gaj;jpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kpff; ftdkhf cgNjrpj;jJ
Nghd;Nw ehDk; ele;J nfhs;fpd;Nwd;" vd;whu;fs;. (Mjhuk; : Gfhup)
eilKiwr; rk;gtq;fisg; Nghjidf;Fg; gad;gLj;jy;
. xU rpwe;j Mrpupau; md;whl tho;tpy; eilngWk; epfo;r;rpfis itj;J
khztu;fSf;Fr; rpwe;j gbg;gpidfis toq;ff; $batuhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. egp (]y;)
mtu;fs; ve;jnthU epfo;r;rpiaAk; ,e;j tifapy; gad;gLj;jhjpUe;jjpy;iy.
. xU Kiw nfsutkhd kf;]{kpa;ahf; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; Nru;e;j xU ngz;kzp fsthb
mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;lhs;. mtsJ if ntl;lg;gl;Lj; jz;bf;fg;gLtij mtsJ Nfhj;jpuj;jtu;fs;
tpUk;gtpy;iy. vdNt> ,J tplakhf (egp) ]y; mtu;fsplk; rpghupR nra;tjw;fhf>
egpatu;fspd; md;Gf;Fupatuhd c]hkh gpd; i]ij mDg;gpitj;jdu;. c]hkh
(wop) mtu;fs; egpatu;fsplk; te;J me;jg; ngz;Zf;fhfg; gupe;J NgrpaNghJ>
egp (]y;) mtu;fs; re;ju;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp> rkj;Jtk; gw;wpaJk; Fy>
tFg;Gthjk; gw;wpaJkhd ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;ij typAWj;j tpUk;gpdhu;fs;. mtu;fs;
gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.
'c]hkhNt! my;yh`;tpd; jz;lid tplaj;jpyh rpghupR nra;fpd;wPu;? cq;fSf;F
Kd;G tho;e;jtu;fs; mopf;fg;gl;ljw;Ff; fhuzk;> mtu;fs; jq;fspy; Nkd;kfd;
jpUbdhy; mtid tpl;LtpLtu;: gytPdd; jpUbdhy; mtidj; jz;bg;gu;.
my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> K`k;kJila kfs; ghj;jpkh jpUbapUe;jhYk;> ehd;
mtuJ ifiaAk; ntl;bNaapUg;Ngd;."

165

egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kfd; ,g;uh`Pk; kuzpj;j ehspy; #upa fpufzk; Vw;gl;lJ!
,jidf; fz;l kf;fs;> u]_ypd; kfd; ,we;jJjhd; ,f;fpufzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhFk; vd;W
Ngrpf; nfhz;ldu;. nghJthf ,j;jifa %l ek;gpf;iffs; md;iwa [h`pypa;ahf; fhy
kf;fsplk; epytpd> ,j;jifa %l ek;gpf;iffs; gpioahdit vd;W tpsf;Ftjw;F
egpatu;fs; ,r;re;ju;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. mtu;fs; kf;fSf;F
gpd;tUkhW $wpdhu;fs;.
'kdpju;fNs!> #upaDk;>
mj;jhl;rpfshFk;.
mit>
fpufzj;jpw;Fl;gLtjpy;iy."

re;jpuDk;
xUtu;

my;yh`;tpd; mj;jhl;rpfspy; ,U
gpwg;gjhNyh
,wg;gjhNyh?

fw;gpj;jYf;F nghUj;jkhd rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;

. egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> jkf;Ff; fpilf;ff; $bajhftpUe;j gyjug;gl;l fw;gpj;jy;
rhjdq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpdhu;fs;.
.xU Kiw egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> 'kz;zpy; xU Nfhl;ilf; fPwp> ]`hghf;fSf;F
mjidr; Rl;bf; fhl;b> ,JNt my;yh`;Tila ghijahFk;" vd;whu;fs;. gpd;du;
mf;Nfhl;bd; tyg;gf;fkhfTk; ,lg;gf;fkhfTk; gy NfhLfisf; fPwp ',it gy
ghijfshFk;. ,it xt;nthd;wpd; kPJk; xU i\j;jhd; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. mtd; mjd; ghy;
mioj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;." vd;W $wptpl;L ',JNt Neuhd ghijahFk;. ,jidNa
ePq;fs; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. Vida ghijfisg; gpd;gw;whjPu;fs;. mit cq;fis mtdJ
(my;yh`;tpdJ) ghijapy; ,Ue;J gpupj;J (topnfLj;J) tpLk;" vd;w ]_wj;Jy;
md;Mkpd; 153 Mk; trdj;ij Xjpf;fhz; gpj;jhu;fs;.
NkYk;> gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; egpatu;fs; rpy fUj;Jf;fisf; fhl;rpfspD}lhf
tpsf;fp> mtw;iw kdjpy; Mokhfg; gjpaitf;f Kad;W te;Js;sikiaf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
'jf;thTf;Fupa ,lk; cs;skhFk;" vd;w fUj;ijf; $w tpUk;gpa egpatu;fs; jkJ
neQ;irf; fhl;b 'jf;th ,Ug;gJ ,q;Fjhd;" vd;W %d;W Kiw $wpaik ,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. 'ehDk;> mdhijfisg; guhkupj;jtDk; Rtdj;jpy; ,g;gb
,Ug;Nghk;" vd;W $wp> egpatu;fs; jkJ ,uz;L tpuy;fis ,izj;Jf; fhl;baikAk; ,q;F
Fwpg;gplf;$ba Xu; cjhuzkhFk;.
. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Nghjidfspd; NghJ tpupTiu Kiwiaf; ifahz;lhu;fs;. ,jw;Fr;
rpwe;j cjhuzkhf> mtu;fspd; ,Wjp `[;[pd; gpurq;fq;fis Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
,j;jifa gpurq;fq;fis ntWk; tpupTiufshf mikj;Jf; nfhs;shJ> Nfs;tpfs; vOg;gp>
rigNahiu tpopg;Gld; itj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs; egpatu;fs;.
cjhuzq;fs;> ctikfs; %yk; gy fUj;Jf;fis tpsf;FtJk; egpatu;fspd; fw;gpj;jy;
Kiwfspy; xd;whFk;. ,jw;Fg; gy cjhzuq;fis ]Puhtpy; fhzyhk;. ,q;F ,uz;L
`jP];fis khj;jpuk; cq;fSf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;Nwhk;.
'jd;id kwe;Jtpl;Lg; gpw kdpju;fSf;Fg; Nghjpf;Fk; kdpjd;> gpwUf;F xspiaf;
nfhLj;J> jd;id vupj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; jpupiag; Nghd;wtdhthd;."

166

'K/kpd; NjdPiag; Nghd;wtdhthd;.

ntspNaw;Wk;. mJ xU nfhbapy;
(mj;jguhdp> my; g];]hu;)

mJ ey;yijr; rhg;gpLk;> ey;yijNa

mku;e;jhYk; mjid Kwpj;J tplhJ."

,tw;Wld;> Nghjidapd; NghJ ,ilf;fpilNa Nfs;tpfs; vOg;Gtjd; %yKk;

egpatu;fs; jhk; $wte;j fUj;Jf;fis rigNahupd; kdjpy; gjpaitf;f Kad;wikf;F
cjhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

k];[pj;fSk; r%fg; Gduikg;Gk;

k];[pj;fs; G+kpapy; mike;Js;s my;yh`;tpd; ,y;yq;fshFk;. mtdJ mUSk;
mikjpAk; ,wq;Fk; ,lq;fs; mit. kyf;Ffs; juprdk; nfhLf;Fk; jyq;fshfTk; mit
tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,jdhy;jhd;> 'G+kpapy; my;yh`;Tf;F kpf tpUg;gkhd ,lq;fs;
k];[pj;fshFk;> mtDf;F kpf ntWg;Gf;Fupa ,lq;fs; re;ijfshFk;." vd;whHfs;
egpatHfs;. (K];ypk;)
,iwar;rk;kpf;f ,iwabahHfspd; GfyplkhfTk; k];[pj;fNs tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
my;yh`;tpd; mUisAk; Md;khTf;F gapw;rpiaAk; cs;sj;jpw;F mikjpiaAk;
NjLgtHfs; xJq;Fk; ,lk; k];[pjhfNt ,Uf;f KbAk;. vkJ Muk;gfhy ,iwNerHfs; k];
[pJld; vj;jifa ,Wf;fkhd cwitf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; vd;gij mwpfpd;w NghJ vtUk;
tpag;gilahky;
,Uf;f
khl;lhH.
'ehw;gJ Mz;Lfhykhf gs;spthaYf;Fr; nrd;W xU Ntis $lj; jtuhky; ehd; [khmj;
njhOifia epiwNtw;wp te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;" vd;W nrhy;fpwhHfs; r<j; ,g;D
K]a;apg; (u`;) mtHfs;. 'ehd; fle;j Kg;gjhz;L fhykhf Kmj;jpd; mjhd;
nrhy;Yk;Nghnjy;yhk; gs;spapNyNa ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;" vd;Wk; md;dhH
xU re;jHg;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lHfs;.
,iwtpRthrpfs; k];[pj;fSld; neUf;fkhd njhlHGila tHfshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjw;fhfNt 'xUtH jdpj;J tPl;by; njhOtij tpl k];[pJf;F nrd;W $l;lhf epd;W
njhOtJ ,Ugj;NjO klq;F caHthdJ" vd;W nrhd;dhHfs; egpatHfs;.
167

kWikapy;> k`;\upy;> epoNy ,y;yhj me;ehspy; my;yh`;tpd; mH\pd; fPo;

epoy; ngWk; Ngw;iwg; ngWk; VO $l;lj;jhupy; k];[pj;fSld; ,Wf;fkhd cwT
nfhz;bUe;NjhUk; mlq;FtH vd;gJ gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; `jP]{k; ,q;F ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;sj; jf;fjhFk;. (ghHf;f : Gfhup> K];ypk;)
xUtH k];[pJld; neUq;fpa njhlHGilatuhf ,Ug;gJ> mtH XH cz;ik tpRthrp
vd;gjw;F
NghJkhd
rhd;whFk;.
,Jgw;wp
Fwpg;gpLk;
egpnkhop
gpd;tUkhW:
'xUtH k];[pJld; njhlHGilatuhf ,Ug;gpd; mtUila <khDf;F ePq;fs; rhl;rp
$Wq;fs;" (ghHf;f : jpHkpjp> ,g;D kh[h)
,t;thW k];[pj;fs; Gdpjj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,lq;fshf tpsq;FtJ NghyNt> mit K];ypk; r
%fj;jpd; eilKiw tho;tpd; ,jakhfTk;> mr;rhzpahfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
Vnddpy;> r%f epHkhzj;jpw;Fk;> epHthfj;jpw;Fkhd Nfe;jpu epiyaq;fshf
miktd k];[pj;fNs.
,jdhy;jhd;> egpatHfs; jhd; tpUk;Gk; xU nfhs;if topr; r%fj;ij cUthf;Fk;
Nehf;Fld; kjPdh Nehf;fp gazkhd NghJ jhd; nry;Yk; topapy; ,ilapy; jq;fpa
,lkhd Fghtpy; $l xU k];[pij epHkhzpj;jhHfs;. kjPdh nrd;wile;jJk;
md;dhupd;
Kjw;fl;l
gzpahf
mike;jJk;
k];[pj;
epHkhzNk.
egp (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdh r%fj;ij k];[pJe; egtpia ikakhf itj;Nj
fl;bnaOg;gpdhHfs;. md;W k];[pJe; egtp ntWk; tzf;fq;fs; epiwNtw;wg;gLk;
,lkhf khj;jpuk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vy;yh r%f gzpfSk; mq;Fjhd; eilngw;wd.
mq;fpUe;Nj mit KLf;fptplg;gl;ld.
k];[pJe; egtp cl;gl ,];yhkpa tuyhW neLfpYk; k];[pJfs; Mw;wpa gzpfs; vkJ
ftdj;jpw;FupaitahFk;.
fyhepiyaq;fshf k];[pJfs;
egpatHfsp;d; fhyj;jpYk; gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspYk; k];[pJfs; fy;tpf;$lq;fshf
tpsq;fpd. k];[pJe; egtpapy; gy egpj; NjhoHfs; ghlk; elhj;jp te;jhHfs;. myp
(uop)> ,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) Nghd;w egpj;NjhoHfs; k];[pjpy; fy;tp
fw;wtHfNs. ,khk; khypf; ,g;D md]; (u`;) jdJ tFg;Gf;fis k];[pJe;egtpapy;
itj;Nj elhj;jp te;jhHfs;.
vfpg;jpd; nfa;Nuh efuj;jpy; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;l [hkpc mk;upg;Dy; M];
gs;spthaypy; `p.36 mstpy; ghlg;Nghjidfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld. ,q;F 40 f;Fk;
mjpfkhd fy;tp tl;lq;fs; ,Ue;jd. ,khk; \hgp< (u`;)> ,khk; ,g;D [uPH mj;jguP
(u`;) Nghd;Nwhupd; tFg;GfSk; ,e;j k];[pjpy; eilngw;W te;jik
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
,d;iwa cyfpy; Gfo;ngw;w ,];yhkpa gy;fiyf;fofkhd my;m];`H Muk;gj;jpy;
xU k];[pjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. my;[hkpcy; m];`H vDk; ,g;gs;spthay; `p. 361 mstpy;
epHkhzp;f;fg;gl;ljhFk;.
bA+dP]pahtpy;
mike;Js;s
m];n]a;J}dh
gy;fiyf;fofKk; [hkpc n]a;J}dh vd;w k];[pjpy; ,Ue;Nj cUthdjhFk;.
168

gf;jhjpy; mg;gh]pa fyPgh mG+ [/gH my;kd;]_H epHkhzpj;j [hkpcy;

kd;]_upYk; mf;fhyj;J Gfo;ngw;w gy mwpQHfs; ghlk; elhj;jpdhHfs;.
NguwpQH my;fjPGy; gf;jhjp ,q;F `jP]; ghlk; elhj;jpdhHfs;. ,khk; my;
fp]h< muG nkhopiaAk;> mGy; mjh`pa;ah ftpijiaAk; fw;gpj;jdH. lk];f]py;
mike;Js;s Gfo;ngw;w my;[hkpcy; cktp gs;spthaypYk; gy;NtWgl;l fiyfs;
Nghjpf;fg;gl;ld.
nghJthf k];[pj;fspy; eilngw;w tFg;Gfspy; khHf;fg; ghlq;fs; khj;jpukd;wp
nkhop> ,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> ftpij> thdtpay;> fzpjk; Nghd;w gy;NtW
fiyfs; Nghjpf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;j cz;ikia fyhepjp K];jgh rpgh< gpd;tUkhW
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH.
k];[pj; ghlrhiyapd; Muk;g tpj;jhf mike;jJ. mJ ,ghjj;Jf;Fupa ,lkhf
khj;jjpukd;wp K];ypk;fSf;F khHf;f fy;tpiaAk;> cyff;fy;tpiaAk; Nghjpf;Fk;
fiyafkhfTk; tpsq;fpaJ. 'mQ;Qhd ,Uspy; ,Ue;j Nkw;Fyfpw;F mwpnthsp
gug;gpa K];ypk; ];ngapdpd;; mwptpay; ,af;fj;jpw;F njhl;byhf> ];nga;dpa
k];[pJfNs mike;jd vd;gJ ,q;F <z;L Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;." ,\hj; njhOifiaj;
njhlHe;J nfa;Nuh [{k;kh gs;spthaypy; khj;jpuk; 110 tFg;Gfs; ele;jjhf
mwpQH my;kf;jp]p Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
rdr%f epiyaq;fs;
mfjpfs;> mehjuthdtHfs;> tPlw;NwhH KjyhNdhH jq;FkplkhfTk; k];[pJfs;
tpsq;fpd.
k];[pJe;
egtpapy;
jq;fpapUe;j
jpz;izj;
NjhoHfs;
mehjuthdtHfshfTk;> tPlw;wtHfshfTk; ,Ue;jtHfNs. kjPdhTf;F te;j e[;uhd;
fpwp];j;jt J}Jf;FO egpatHfspd; gzpg;Giuapd; Ngupy; k];[pJe;egtpapy;
jq;Ftjw;fhd xOq;F nra;ag;gl;lik> md;W k];[pj; tpUe;jpdH tpLjpahfTk;
tpsq;fpapUe;jJ
vd;gjw;F
NghJkhd
rhd;whjhukhFk;.
kw;nwhU
re;jHg;gj;jpy; kjPdhTf;F tUifj;je;j xU J}Jf;FO k];[pJe; egtpapy;
jq;fitf;fg;gl;lNjhL mtHfisf; fhty; GupAk; gzpapy; ckH (uop) mtHfs;
<Lgl;ljhfTk; njupatUfpd;wJ. gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspYk; k];[pJfs; gpuahzpfs;>
tpUe;jpdH> Viofs; KjyhNdhUf;F Gfyplq;fshf tpsq;fpaik gw;wp cyfg;
gazpfshd ,g;D U\;j;> ,g;D gJ}jh> ,g;D [{iuH> my;kf;jp]p Nghd;NwhH
Fwpg;Gfis je;Js;sdH.
]fhj;> ]fhJy; gpj;H Kjyhd tupfSk;> jHkepjpfSk; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L
tpepNahfpf;fpd;w ,lq;fshfTk; k];[pJfs; ,Ue;J te;Js;sd. tuyhw;wpy; gy k];
[pJfs; ePjpkd;wq;fshfTk;>
MNyhrid kd;wq;fshfTk; nraw;gl;Ls;sd.
ePjpgjpfs; mur jiyaPL VJkpd;wp nghJkf;fspd; tof;Ffis tprhupj;J jPHg;G
toq;FthHfs;. ePjpgjpfshd \{iu`;> kHthd; Nghd;wtHfs; gs;spthay;fspNyNa
tof;Ffis tprhupj;J jPHg;G toq;fpdhHfs;. vfpg;jpy; mk;upg;Dy; M]; (uop)
mtHfspdhy; G];jhj; efuj;jpw;F ePjpgjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;l fhop if];
gs;spthriyNa jdJ ePjpkd;wkhf mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. c`j;> m`;]hg; Kjyhd
Aj;jq;fspd; NghJ fye;jhNyhridfs; k];[pJe; egtpapNyNa ,lk;ngw;wd.

169

md;W k];[pJfspy; Aj;jg; gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. Aj;jj;jpw;fhd Kd;

Maj;jq;fSk; mq;fpUe;Nj Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. Aj;jq;fspy; fhag;gl;ltHfSf;F k];
[pJfspy; itj;J rprpr;ir mspf;fg;gl;l re;jHg;gq;fSk; tuyhw;wpy; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sd. mfop Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ fhag;gl;ltHfSf;F rpfpr;iraspg;gjw;fhf k];
[pjpy;
xU
tpN\l
$lhuk;
mikf;fg;gl;ljhf
tuyhW
$Wfpd;wJ.
nghJthf
K];ypk;
kUj;JtHfs;
NehahspfSf;F
k];[pJfspy;
mkHe;J
rpfpr;iraspf;Fk; toik ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. ngUk;ghYk; k];[pJfspy; kUj;Jt
rpfpr;irfs; ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;ld. ,q;F kUe;Jfis itg;gjw;fhd gpuj;jpNaf ,lq;fSk;
fhzg;gl;ld. ];ngapdpd; FHJgh ngupa gs;spthay; xU kUj;Jt kidahfTk;
nraw;gl;lJ.
njhlHghly; ikaq;fs;
r%fj;Jf;F
Njitahd
mwpTWj;jy;fSk;>
nra;jpfSk;
k];[pJfSf;$lhfNt
toq;fg;gl;ld. ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij Kd;itf;Fk; ,lq;fshfTk; mit ,Ue;J te;jd. ciufs;>
gpurq;fq;fs;> ciuahly;fs;> ftpauq;fq;fs;> tpthjNkilfs; Kjyhdit k];[pJfspy;
gutyhf ,lk;ngw;wd. ,tw;Wf;$lhf ,];yhj;jpd; J}J Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ. rhgpj; gpd;
if];> `];]hd; gpd; rhgpj; Ngd;w ,];yhkpa ftpQHfs; me;epa ftpQHfSld;
Nghl;bf;F ftpijfs; ghb mtHfis ,];yhj;jpd; ghy; ftHe;j epfo;TfSk; k];[pJe;
egtpapy; ,lk; ngw;wd.
md;W k];[pJfs; vt;thW r%fj;jpd; gy;JiwrhHe;j Njitfis epiwNtw;wp te;jd
vd;gJ gw;wp ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH: ',];yhkpa
mwpQHfs; mkUk; ,lq;fshfTk;> r%fj;jpd; fofq;fshfTk; k];[pJfNs tpsq;fpd.
egpatHfs; jdJ Gdpjg; gs;spthaiy jf;thtpd; mbg;gilapy; epHkhzpj;jhHfs;.
mq;F njhOjy;> XJjy;> jpf;U nra;jy;> fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; ciuepfo;j;Jjy;
Kjyhd midj;Jk; eilngw;wd. murpay; jiytHfs;> jsgjpfs; epakzk;>
mwpKfq;fs; vy;yhk; ele;jd. K];ypk;fs; jkJ cyf> kWik njhlHghd vy;yh
tptfhuq;fSf;fhfTk; mq;Fjhd; $bdhHfs;"
k];[pJfspd; ,d;iwa epiy
k];[pJfspd; tuyhw;W Gfo;kpf;f gq;fspg;GfSk;> gzpfSk; ,d;W ntWkNd
Vl;lstpy; fhzg;gLk; tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtq;fshf khwptpl;ld. ,d;iwa k];[pJfs;
mtw;wpd; capNuhl;lj;ij ,oe;jpUf;fpd;wd. epjp> ePjp> epHthfk; cw;gl
K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; midj;J JiwfSf;Fk; ikakhf tpsq;fpa k];[pj; ,d;W tzf;f
topghLfSlDk; rpy rpwpa mstpyhd nraw;ghLfSlDk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gijf;
fhz Kbfpd;wJ. k];[pj;fspd; ,t;tPo;r;rpf;F gy;NtW fhuzq;fis Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
fhydpj;Jt thjpfs; k];[pJfs; K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; tfpf;Fk; ,lj;ij ed;F Gupe;J
nfhz;ldH. mit njhlHe;Jk; mtw;wpd; nraw;ghLfis nra;J te;jhy; K];ypk;fis
mbikg;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ mrhj;jpakhdJ vd;gijAk; mtHfs; czHe;jdH. ,e;j tifapy;
k];[pJfs; vd;git tzf;f];jsq;fNs md;wp r%f tptfhuq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd
,lky;y vd;w fz;Nzhl;lk; jpl;lkpl;l mbg;gilapy; tsHf;fg;gl;lJ. fhyg;Nghf;fpy;
,f;fz;Nzhl;lk; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpajd; tpisthf k];[pJfspd;
tuyhw;Wg; gq;fspg;G gbg;gbahf Fiwe;J ,d;iwa epiyia mile;jJ vdyhk;.

170

MapDk;> ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; cyfshtpa uPjpapy;

cUthd ,];yhkpa vOr;rpapd; tpisthf> k];[pJfSk; K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; mit
ngw;wpUe;j ,lj;ij kPz;Lk; ngWk; epiy Njhd;wpAs;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; ,yq;if
K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; capHehbahf tpsq;Fk; ,e;ehl;by; mike;Js;s k];[pJfisAk;
nraw;jpwd; kpf;f r%fikaq;fshf khw;Wtjw;F Mtzk; nra;jy; fhyj;jpd; NjitAk;
rd;khHf;ff; flikAkhFk;.
vkJ gs;spthay;fis nraw;jpwd;kpf;fitahf
gupghyd rigfspd; gq;F kfj;jhdjhFk;.

khw;Wtjpy;

gs;spthay;fspd;

gs;sp gupghyzk;
Kjypy; ,iw ,y;yq;fis gupghydk; nra;tJ vj;jifa nghWg;ghd gzp vd;gijAk;
caHe;j mky; vd;gijAk; epUthfpfs; Gupe;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. k];[pJfis
epHkhzpg;gJk;> gupghypg;gJk; NeHtopg; ngw;w rpwe;j K/kpd;fspd;
gz;ghf
my;FHMd;
tHzpf;fpd;wJ.
(ghHf;f:
my;FHMd;
9:18)
,t;Tyfpy; XH ,iw ,y;yj;ij epHkhzpg;gtHfSf;F my;yh`; Rtdj;jpy; XH ,y;yj;ij
epHkhzpf;fpd;whd; vd;w egpthf;Fk; ,q;F epidT $wj;jf;fjhFk;. egp (]y;)
mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; xU fUg;gpd ngz; ,Ue;jhs;. gs;spthaiy $l;b Rj;jk; nra;tJ
mtsJ tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. rpy ehl;fs; mtis fhz Kbatpy;iy. ,jid mtjhdpj;j
egpatHfs; mtisg;gw;wp tprhupj;jhHfs;. mts; ,we;J tpl;ljhf md;dhUf;F
njupa te;jJ. 'mts; ,we;j nra;jpia mg;NghNj ePq;fs; vdf;F nrhy;ypapUf;ff;
$lhjh?" vd;W NjhoHfis tpopj;Jf; $wpa egpatHfs; mtsJ fg;iu juprpj;J
mtSf;fhf njhOifiaAk; epiwNtw;wpdhHfs;. (Gfhup> K];ypk;). 'ehd;
mg;ngz;iz Rtdj;jpy; ghHj;Njd;"|vd;W egpatHfs; nrhd;djhf Fwpg;gpLk; XH
mwptpg;G K/[Kj; jguhdpapy; gjpthfpAs;sJ. ,J k];[pJ njhlHghd gzpfspy;
<LgLtjd; rpwg;ig vLj;Jr; nrhy;y NghJkhd MjhukhFk;.
k];[pJfis epHtfpg;gJ xh; caHe;j mkyhf ,Ug;gJ NghyNt xU ngupa nghWg;G
vd;gijAk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. ,e;j tifapy; jFjpAilatHfs; gupghyz
rigapy; ,Uf;fpd;w NghNj xU gs;spthay; mjd; gzpia nrt;tNd epiwNtw;w
KbAk;. gupghyz rigf;F epakpf;fg;gLNthH my;FHMd; Fwpg;gpLk; k];[pj;
gupghyzj;jpw;Fupa jd;ikfisAk; jifikfisAk; ngw;wtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfsh
vd;gJ cWjp nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
''my;yh`;Tila gs;spfis gupghyzk; nra;gtHfs; my;yh`;itAk; ,WjpehisAk;
tpRthrpj;J njhOifiaAk; epiwNtw;wp> ]fhj;Jk; nfhLj;J> my;yh`;itad;wp kw;w
vtUf;Fk;
gag;glhkYk;
,Ug;gtHfNs.
,j;jifNahH
NeHtopg;ngw;wtHfshf
,Uf;fj;jf;ftHfNs"" (my;FHMd; 9:18)

gs;spfSk; gzpfSk;

171

ek;ehl;L
gs;spthay;fSk;
mtw;Wf;Fupa
tuyhw;Wg;
gq;fspg;ig
epiwNtw;Wtjw;F gupghyz rigfs; Kidg;Gld; nraw;gl flikg;gl;Ls;sd. ,yq;if>
K];ypk;fs; rpWghd;ikapduhf thOk; xU ehL. fle;j Mapuk; Mz;Lfshf ehk; ,e;j
ehl;by;
tho;e;J
te;j
NghjpYk;
,e;j
ehl;bd;
ngUk;ghd;ik
r
%fj;jpw;F ,];yhj;jpd; nra;jpia nrhy;yj;jtwp tpl;Nlhk; vd;gij ehk; Vw;whf
Ntz;Lk;. ,g;NghJ ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpAk; K];ypk;fisg; gw;wpAk; rHtNjr
kl;lj;jpYk; Vd; cs;ehl;L kl;lj;jpYk; $l gpioahd fUj;Jf;fs; gutyhf
cUthfpAs;sd.
,e;epiyapy;
cz;ik
epiyia
K];ypky;yhjhUf;F
Gupaitg;gjw;Fk; ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij Kd;itg;gjw;Fk; r%fq;fSf;fpilapyhd ey;Ywit
tsHg;gjw;Fk; cupa ,lq;fshf k];[pJfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt> K];ypky;yhjhH
vkJ k];[pJfSf;F tUtjw;Fk; ,];yhk;> K];ypk;fs; gw;wpa cz;ikfis mwptjw;Fk;
topnra;tJ r%fj;jpd; Kd;dhy; cs;s kpfg; ngWk; flikahFk;.
,d;W mnkupf;fh> gpupj;jhdpah Kjyhd Nkw;Fyf ehLfspYk; g`;iud; Nghd;w
rpy kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspYk; K];ypk; my;yhjhUf;fhd j/thit Kd;itg;gjpy; rpy
k];[pJfs; Kd;dzpapy; epd;W ,aq;fp tUfpd;wd. k];[pij ghHitapl tUgtHfis
tuNtw;fTk;
mtHfSf;F
topfhl;lTk;
Njitahd
tpsf;fq;fis
toq;fTk;
,g;gs;spthay;fspy; tpN\l Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,];yhk; gw;wpa
E}y;fisAk; gpuRuq;fq;fisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F ,q;F tpN\l xOq;Ffs;
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
Fwpg;ghf
nrg;lk;gH
11
mrk;ghtpjq;fisj;
njhlHe;J ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpAk; K];ypk;fisg; gw;wpAk; cUthd gpioahd
fUj;Jf;fis Nghf;FtjpYk; gyiu ,];yhj;jpd; ghy; ftHtjpYk; ,it ngUk; gzpahw;wp
tUfpd;wd.
K];ypky;yhjhiu gs;spfspy; Eioa mDkjpg;gjpy; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; ePz;l
fhykhfNt xUtif jaf;fk; ,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ. Mdhy; mtHfs; mt;thW gs;spthay;fis
ghHitapl ,];yhj;jpy; vt;tpj jilAk; ,Ug;gjhf njupatpy;iy. K];ypky;yhjhiu k];
[pJfspy; Eioa mDkjpf;fyhk; vd;gjw;F gpd;tUk; my;FHMd; trdk; Mjhukhf
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
''NkYk; ,izitj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;Nghupy; vtNuDk; (egpNa) ck;kplk; mgak; Njbdhy;
my;yh`;Tila trdq;fis mtH nrtpNaw;Fk; tiuapy; mtUf;F mgakspg;gPuhf> gpd;dH
mtUf;F mgakspf;Fk; NtW ,lj;jpy; mtiu NrHj;J itg;gPuhf. Vnddpy; mtHfs;
mwpahj r%fj;jtHfsha; ,Uf;fpd;wdH."" (9:6)
K];ypk;fs; gD}`dPgh Nfhj;jpuj;ij NrHe;j mbik xUtiuf; ifjpahf egpatHfsplk;
nfhz;L te;j NghJ mtiu gs;spthay; J}z; xd;wpy; %d;W ehl;fSf;F fl;b
itf;FkhW md;dhH gzpj;jhHfs;. mtH K];ypk;fspd; tzf;f KiwfisAk;
gz;ghLfisAk; ghHf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gNj egpatHfspd; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. mf;ifjpf;F
gs;spapNyNa czT toq;fg;gl;lJ. Vida Njitfis epiwNtw;wTk; xOq;Ffs;
nra;ag;gl;ld.
%d;W
ehl;fspd;
gpd;dH
mtH
mtpo;j;J
tplg;gl;l
NghJ ,];yhj;jpdhy; ftug;gl;bUe;j mtH \`hjj;ij nkhope;J ,];yhj;ij jOtpdhH.
e[;uhd; fpwp];j;jt J}Jf; FOit egpatHfs; k];[pJe; egtpapy; itj;J tuNtw;wNjhL
mq;Fjhd; mtHfSld; Ngr;RthHj;ijAk; elhj;jpdhHfs;. mtHfsJ tzf;f Neuk; te;j
NghJ egpatHfs; jdJ k];[pjpNyNa xU gFjpia mtHfSf;F xJf;fpAk; nfhLj;jhHfs;.
172

,yq;ifiag; nghUj;jtiuapy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j gpujhd

efuq;fspy; gs;spthay;fis K];ypky;yhjhH te;J ghHitapl xOq;F nra;ag;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf ghlrhiy khztHfs;> cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L cy;yhrg;
gazpfs; ,g;gs;spthay;fis juprpf;f Mtzk; nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,J ,];yhj;jpd;
J}ij mtHfs; ,yFtpy; Gupe;J nfhs;s topnra;tNjhL r%fq;fSf;fpilapyhd
Gupe;JzHit tsHf;fTk; NgUjtpahf mikAk;.
NkYk; jw;fhy k];[pJfspd; nraw;ghLfis tpupTgLj;Jtjd; %yk; mtw;wpd;
gq;fspg;ig nraw;jpwd; kpf;fjhf mikj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,e;j tifapy; k];[pj;
epHthfpfs; gs;spthaiy ikakhff; nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;sf; $ba rpy Kf;fpa gzpfis
fPNo jUfpd;Nwhk;.
1. gs;spthaiy rhHe;J eilngWk; kj;u]htpy; my;FHMd;> rd;khHf;f
NghjidfSld; eilKiwf; fy;tpAld; njhlHghd tFg;GfisAk; elhj;j xOq;F
nra;jy;.
2. E}y;; epiyak; mikj;jy;.
3. ngz;fSf;fhf gs;spapy; gpuj;jpNaf ,lk; xJf;Fjy;.
4. r%fj;jpy; cUthFk; gpzf;FfisAk; rHr;irfisAk; gs;spapy; jPHj;J itf;f
topnra;jy;.
5. epthuz cjtpfs;> r%f NritfSf;fhd ikakhf ,aq;Fjy;.
6. tl;bapy;yh fld; toq;Fk; jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jjy;.
7. r%f ey jpl;lq;fis tFj;J nraw;gLj;Jjy;.
8. ]fhj;> ]jfJy; gpj;H Kjyhdtw;iw $l;lhf NrHj;J tpepNahfpf;f topnra;jy;.
9. ,khk;fs;> fjPg;khHfis gapw;Wtpf;f xOq;F nra;jy;.
10.
Fj;ghf;fis nraw;wpwd;kpf;fjhf mikj;J nfhs;s Mtzr; nra;jy;.
11.
K];ypky;yhNjhH
gs;spthaiy
te;J
ghHitaplTk;
Njitahd
tpsf;fq;fis ngwTk; cupa Vw;ghLfis nra;jy;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l nraw;ghLfis xU k];[pjpy; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F k];[pjpd; fl;ll
mikg;gpYk; khw;wq;fs; nra;a Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. ,e;jtifapy; k];[pJfspy;
ngz;fSf;fhd njhOifaiw> E}yfk;> khehl;L kz;lgk;> tFg;giwfs;> tuNtw;giw
Kjyhd gFjpfSk; cs;slf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W cyfpd; gy ehLfspy;
ntw;wpfukhf ,aq;Ffpd;w k];[pJfspy; ,g;gFjpfs; midj;Jk; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUg;gij
fhzKbAk;. RUq;fr; nrhy;ypd; xt;nthU gs;spthaYk; ,];yhkpa rdr%f epiyakhf
(Islamic Community Centre) ,aq;f toptiffs; nra;ag;gLtjd; %yNk k];
[pJfspd; capNuhl;lk; kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLtJ rhj;jpag;gl KbAk;.

173

tsh;e;J tUk; tpQ;Qhd njhopy;

El;gk; ,];yhj;jpw;F mr;RWj;jyh?
,d;W ehk; fhZk; mjprapf;fj;jf;f mwptpay;> njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd;
fhuzkhf> jw;fhy cyif 'mwptpay; Afk;" vd;W th;zpg;gh;. fzdp (Computer)>
kpd;mQ;ry; (E-Mail)> ,izak; (Internet) b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gk; vd jfty;
njhopy; El;gj;Jiw gy mw;Gjq;fis epfo;j;jpf; fhl;b> cyif xU G+Nfhsf;
fpuhkkhf (Global Village) khw;wpAs;sJ. cyfk; xU G+Nfhsf; FLk;gkhf (Global
Family) RUq;Fk; ehs; ntF njhiy tpypy;iy vd ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ. kW gf;fj;jpy;
mwptpay; Muha;r;rpapd; cr;r epiyapy; 'Nghyhf;fk;" (Cloning) vDk;
nraw;ghL cyif ngU tpag;gpy; Mo;j;jpAs;sJ.
,j;jifa mwptpay; njhopy;El;g tsh;r;rpapd; gpd;dzpapy; kj ek;gpf;ifahdJ
Nfs;tpf;Fwpahf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,J 'mwptpay; Afk;;;> kjj;jpw;Fhpa
fhyky;y. kjkhdJ mjd; gq;fspg;ig tuyhw;wpy; nra;J Kbj;J tpl;lJ. etPd tho;f;if
mikg;gpy; mjw;F ,lkpy;iy" vd;w thjk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F gpd;tUtd
Mjhuq;fshff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
1. mwptpaypd;wp xU ehfhpfk; Njhd;w KbahJ. kjNkh mwptpaYf;F
vjpuhdjhFk;.
rkfhy
Nkw;Fyfpd;
midj;Jj;Jiw
rhh;e;j
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; mJ kjj;ij epuhfhpj;J> mwptpaiy Vw;W
tpRthrpj;jikNa fhuzkhFk;.
2. kdpj tho;T tuyhw;W Nehf;fpy; %d;W fl;lq;fis nfhz;lJ. mitahtd:
1. rkak;
2. jj;Jtk;
3. mwptpay;
%d;whk; fl;lNk ,Wjpf;fl;lkhFk;.
4. kjk; vd;gJ mgpid Nghd;wJ. kdpj r%fk; mjpypUe;J tpLglhj tiu mjw;F
tpLjiy ,y;iy. RgPl;rk; ,y;iy.
mwpTk; mwptpaYk; ,d;wp ehfhpfk; Njhd;w KbahJ vd;gJ xU NgUz;ikahFk;.
MapDk; kjk; mwptpaYf;F KuzhdJ> mJ mwptpaiy Ml;Nrgpf;fpd;wJ vd;w
thjk; gpioahdjhFk;. kjk; mwptpaYf;F vjpuhdJ vd;w fUj;J INuhg;gpa
tuyhw;wpy; eilngw;w rpy epfo;Tfis mbg;gilahf itj;J vOe;jNthh; INuhg;gpa
Nehf;fhFk;. kjj;jpw;Fk; mwptpaYf;Fk; ,ilapy; cyfpy; NtW vq;Fk;
Nghuhl;lq;fs; epfotpy;iy. mJ INuhg;ghtpNyNa epfo;e;jJ. kdpj tuyhw;wpy;
kjk; mwpT tsh;r;rpf;F jilahf vq;Fk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. INuhg;ghtpy; jhd;
fpwp];jtf; Nfhapy; mwpT Muha;r;rpf;Fk;> Rje;jpukhd rpe;jidf;Fk; vjpuhf
tuyhw;wpd; kj;jpa fhyg;gphptpy; nraw;gl;lJ.
174

Mdhy; ,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy;> mJ mwpT Muha;r;rpia Cf;Ftpj;j

khh;f;fk; kl;Lky;y> mwpit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vOe;j khh;f;fKkhFk;. mJ
mwpT Muha;r;rpf;F nfhLf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mjprapf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. fy;tpapdJk;
mjidf; fw;gtdJk;> mjidf; fw;gpg;gtdJk; rpwg;Gfisg; gw;wp ,];yhk;
tphpthfg; NgrpAs;sJ. my;FHMid Muha;e;J Nehf;Fifapy; mJ mwpTj;Jiwf;F
nfhLj;jpUf;Fk; mOj;jj;ijAk; Kf;fpaj;J tj;ijAk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
'mwpT" vDk; nghUs;gLk; ',y;k;" vDk; gjk; my;FHMdpy; vz;gJ ,lq;fspy;
,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gjj;jpypUe;J gpwe;j nrhw;fNsh my;FHMdpy; gy
E}W jlitfs; te;Js;sd. mwpT vDk; fUj;ij nfhLf;Fk; 'my;-my;ghg;" vDk; nrhy;
my;FHMdpy; 16 jlitfs; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ. Fwpj;j nghUisj; jUk; 'me;E`h"
vDk; nrhy; ,U jlitfs; ,lk;ngw;W ,Uf;fpd;wJ. my;FHMdpy; 'my;-mf;y;" vDk;
gjk; mwpT vd;Dk; nghUisj;jUk;. mjpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,e;j tpidabapypUe;J
gpwe;j nrhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if 49 MFk;. rpe;jid vd;w fUj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLjk;
'my;-gpf;h;" vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J gpwe;j 18 nrhw;fSk; my;FHMdpy; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sd. 'my;-gpf;`;" tpsf;fk; vd;w gjj;jpypUe;J gpwe;j 21 nrhw;fSk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 'my;-`pf;kh" (Qhdk;) vd;w gjk; 20 jlitfs; te;Js;sJld;> Mjhuk;
vDk; nghUs;gLk; 'my;-GH`hd;" vd;w nrhy; 7 jlitfSk; my;FHMdpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;Wld; Muha;jy;> Nehf;Fjy;> rpe;jpj;jy; Nghd;w
fUj;Jf;fisj; jUk; gy nrhw;fSk; my;FHMdpy; Mq;fhq;Nf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
,it midj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf my;FHMdpy; Muk;gkhf ,wq;fpa trdq;fNsh>
mwpitg;gw;wpAk; mwptpd; mbg;gilfsfj; jpfOk; thrpg;G> vOj;J> vOJNfhy;
gw;wpAk; NgRtij ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
]_wJy; myf;fpd; ,t;thuk;g trdq;fisj; njhlh;e;J ,wq;fpa ]_wh 'my;fykpd;"
Muk;g trdKk; mwptpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;JtjhfNt mike;Js;sJ.
,J Nghd;W MuhAkhWk;> rpe;jpf;FkhWk; kdpjh;fisj; J}z;Lfpd;w Rkhh; 35
trdq;fs; my;FHMdpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fy;tpiaj; Njb cyfpy; gazk; nra;AkhW
MHt%l;Lk; Rkhh; 50 trdq;fis my;FHMdpy; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
my;FHMdpy; gpugQ;rk; njhlh;ghfTk; mwptpay; mj;jhl;rpfs; njhlh;ghfTk;
NgRfpd;w Rkhh; 750 jpUtrdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mJ kl;Lkh?
my;FHMdpy; ,aw;if> tpQ;Qhdk;> thdtpay;> jhtutpay;> kpUftpay;>
tptrhak;> khdpltpay;> kNdhjj;Jtk;> kUj;Jtk;> r%ftpay;> tuyhW>
Gtpapay; Nghd;w fiyfs; njhlh;ghd gy cz;ikfSk; mf;fiyfSld; njhlh;ghd gy
mbg;gilfSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
my;FHMd; mwptpd; mtrpaj;ij ve;jsT typAWj;Jfpd;wnjdpy;> ''mwpQHfNs
my;yh`;it rhpahf mQ;Rthh;fs;"" vdf; $Wfpd;wJ.
NkYk; my;FHMd; mwpahikiaAk; klikiaAk; gw;wp $Wk;NghJ> ''mJ eufj;jpd;
ghij"" vd th;zpf;fpd;wJ. ghh;f;f: my; m/uhg;: 79.

175

ngUk;ghyhd `jP]; fpue;jq;fspy; 'fpjhGy; ,y;k;" vDk; ngahpy; mwpitg;

gw;wpg; NgRk; `jP];fisf; nfhz;l xU jdpahd mj;jpahaj;ijf; fhz KbAk;.
mwpTld; njhlh;ghd gy `jP];fs; NtW gy mj;jpahaq;fspYk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
cjhuzkhf
'fpjhGj;jpg;gp"
(kUj;Jtk;
gw;wpaJ)
vd;w
mj;jpahaj;ijf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd `jP]; fpue;jq;fspy; xd;whd ]`P`{y;
Gfhhpapy; khj;jpuk; 'fpjhGy; ,y;k;" vDk; mj;jpahaj;jpy; 102 egpnkhopfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
my;FHMd; tpQ;Qhd> ifj;njhopy;> njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F Mf;fKk;>
Cf;fKk; nfhLg;gij fhzKbfpd;wJ. ,d;iwa ifj;njhopy; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;Fg; gpujhd
fhuzkhf mike;Js;s ,Uk;igj; jiyg;ghff; nfhz;l XH mj;jpahaNk my;FHMdpy;
,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,t;tj;jpahak; ,Uk;gpd; rptpy;> ,uhZt gad;ghLfisg; gw;wp
gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ghh;f;f (57:25)
NkYk; ,iwj; J}jh;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhUk; gy;NtW njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy;
<Lgl;bUe;jdh; vd;gij tuyhW cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf> egp E}`; fg;gy;
fl;Lk; njhopiy mwpe;J ,Ue;jhh;;; egpkhh;fshd ,g;wh`PKk;> ,];khaPYk; fl;ll
eph;khzpfshf tpsq;fp f/ghitf; fl;bdhh;; egp jhT+j; ,Uk;ig cUf;fp ftrq;fs;
nra;Ak; jpwidg; ngw;wpUe;jhh;. egp ]{iykhNdh [pd;fspd; cjtpAld;
mjprapf;fj;jf;f gy gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;lik gw;wp my;FHMd; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
mwpT Muha;r;rpf;Fk;> mwptpay; mZFKiwf;Fk; egp Kfk;kJ (]y;) mth;fs;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;j ghq;fpid md;dhhpd; rPwhtpy; (tho;f;if Kiwapy;)
fhzKbfpd;wJ.
'jpl;lkply;" vd;gJ xU gpujhd mwptpay; mZFKiw MFk;. my;FHMd; egp A+]
{g; (miy) mth;fspd; gjpide;jhz;L nghUshjhuj; jpl;lj;ijg; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf vt;thW md;W vfpg;Jk; mijr;
#otpUe;j gpuNjrq;fSk; NguoptpypUe;Jk;> ngUk; gQ;rj;jpypUe;Jk;
fhg;ghw;wg;gl;ld vd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mth;fSk; jdJ gpurhu
tho;f;ifapy; vt;thW EZf;fkhd jpl;lq;fisj;jPl;b nraw;gl;lhh;fs; vd;gijf; fhz
Kbfpd;wJ. Kjyhk; `p[;uj;> ,uz;lhk; `p[;uj;> Aj;jq;fs; Kjypad ,jw;F rpwe;j
rhd;whjhuq;fshFk;.
'fzf;nfLg;G" vd;gJ kw;WNkhh; mwptpay; mZFKiwahFk;. egp (]y;) mth;fs;
kjPdhTf;Fr; nrd;W rpy ehl;fspNyNa mq;Fs;s K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhifia
fzf;nfLf;FkhW gzpj;jhh;fs;. mth;fspd; njhif mg;NghJ 1500 Mf ,Ue;jJ.
(Gfhup).
,d;DNkhh;
mwptpay;
mZFKiwahd
'ghpNrhjid"
Kiwia
Vw;W
mq;fPfhpj;jhh;fs;. <j;j ku kfue;j kzpr; Nrh;f;ifr; rk;gtk; ,jw;Fr; rhd;whFk;.
(K];ypk;)
mbg;gil ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;iffs;> tpOkpaq;fs;> ngWkhdq;fs;> rl;l jpl;lq;fs;
Kjyhdtw;Wld; njhlh;gw;w cyfhaj> njhopy;El;g tptfhuq;fspy; me;epahpd;
cjtpia ehLjy;> MNyhridfisg; ngwy; Mfpad gpioahditay;y vd;gijAk; egp
176

(]y;) mth;fs; jd; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; vLj;Jf;fhl;b As;shh;fs;. ghurPfhpd;

topKiwahd Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ mfop ntl;Lk; cj;jpia ry;khd; (wop) mth;fs; %yk;
mwpe;J> 'm`;]hg;" Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ nraw;gLj;jpaik> Fj;ghg; gpurq;fk;
epfo;j;Jtjw;fhf XH cNuhk jr;rd; nra;J nfhLj;j kpk;giu gad;gLj;jpaik Kjypad
,jw;fhd rpy cjhuzq;fshFk;.
my;FHMdpdJk;> Rd;dhtpdJk; ,j;jifa NghjidfshYk; top fhl;ly;fshYk;
ce;jg;gl;Nl Muk;g fhy K];ypk;fs; mwpthuha;r;rpj; Jiwf;Fk;> gy fz;L
gpbg;GfSf;Fk; Kd;Ndhbfshf mike;jdh;. INuhg;gh ,Uspy; #o;e;jpUe;j kj;jpa
fhyg; gphptpy; ,];yhkpa cyfpy; mwpTj;jPgk; Rlh;tpl;Lg; gpufhrpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jJ. K];ypk;fs; mwptpd; midj;Jj; JiwfSf;Fk; kfj;jhd gq;fspg;igr;
nra;J fyhepiyaq;fs;> E}yfq;fs;> Ma;T $lq;fs;> mtjhd epiyaq;fs;
vd;gtw;iw fl;bnaOg;gp cyFf;F mwpnthsp gug;gpdh;.
K];ypk; ];ngapDf;$lhfNt INuhg;gh mwpT Muha;r;rpiaAk;> fyhrhug;
gz;ghl;ilAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ vd;gJ xU tuyhw;W cz;ikahFk;. ,J gw;wp
fPiof;Nja tuyhw;W Mrphpah; Nguhrphpah; gpypg; Nf. `pl;b gpd;tUkhW
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. (P.K. Hitti)
'K];ypk; ];nga;d; kj;jpa fhy INuhg;gpa tuyhw;wpy; kpf xspkpf;f
mj;jpahaq;fspy; xd;iw cUthf;fpaJ. fp.gp. 8k; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa gFjpf;Fk;
13Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyg; gphptpy; cyfk; KOtJk;
mwG NgRk; kf;fNs fyhrhuj;jpdJk;> ehfhpfj;jpdJk; xspia Ve;Jfpd;wdh;.
mth;fs; %ykhfNt Guhjd mwptpaYk; jj;JtKk; mopahJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;L>
mth;fsJ gq;fspg;Gf;fSk; ,ize;J Nkw;F INuhg;ghitr; nrd;wile;jJ. ,JNt
INuhg;gpa kWkyh;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ."
N[hh;[; ]hh;ld; (George Sarton) vd;w Nkw;fj;jpa mwpQH 'mwptpay;
tuyhw;Wf;F XH mwpKfk;" vDk; E}ypy;> kj;jpa fhyg; gphptpy; mwG
K];ypk;fspd;
mwptpay;
gq;fspg;igg;
gw;wp
kpfTk;
tphpthfg;
NgRfpd;whh;.
,f;fhyg;
gphptpy;
ngUk;ghyhd
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
ngUk;ghyhd mwptpay; Ma;Tfs; mf;fhy mwptpay; nkhopahf tpsq;fpa
mwG nkhopapNyNa mike;jd vd mth; $Wfpd;whh;. Nkw;fj;jpa cyfk;
Mokhd mwpitg; ngw tpUk;gpa NghJk; Guhjd rpe;jidNahL mjd; cwitg;
GJg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;s Kw;gl;lNghJk;> Kjypy; mJ fpNuf;f> %yjhuq;fis
Nehf;fpad;wp mwG %yjhuq;fis Nehf;fpNa jpUk;gpaJ vdTk; mth;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
INuhg;ghtpy; mwptpay; Jiwapy; ghpNrhjid Kiwia mwpKfg; gLj;jpatuhff;
fUjg;gLk; Nuh[h; Ngf;fd; (Roger Bacon) cz;ikapy; mjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fis
K];ypk;fsplkpUe;Nj ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. ];ngapDf;F te;j mth;> mwG
mwptpaiy Mokhff; fw;Wj; Njh;e;jjdhNyNa INuhg;ghTf;F mtuhy; mwpTg;
gzp nra;a Kbe;jJ.
Xspapay; Jiwapd; Kd;Ndhbahd my;`]d; ,g;Dy; i`]k; cila fUj;Jf;fs; mz;ikf;
fhyk; tiu INuhg;ghtpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpd. mj;J}]pAila fzpjk; njhlh;ghd
177

Ma;Tfs; INuhg;ghtpy; ePz;lfhyk; NkNyhq;fp ,Ue;jd. ,g;D ]Pdhtpd;

'my;fhD}d;" vDk; kUj;Jt E}y; INuhg;gpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; 17Mk;
E}w;whz;L tiu kUj;Jtj;Jiwf;fhd gpujhd %yjhu E}yhf tpsq;fpaJ.
vdNt Nkw;fz;l tpsf;fq;fspypUe;J ,];yhk; mwptpaYf;F vjpuhdJky;y;
mwptpay; Muha;r;rpfNsh> etPd fz;L gpbg;GfNsh mjw;F mr;RWj;jYky;y
vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. khwhf> ,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mjd; Nfhl;ghLk;
eilKiwAk; tuyhWk; mwpT Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F mJ mspf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpw;F
rhd;W gfh;fpd;wd.
,];yhj;jpy; khh;f;fk; vd;gJ mwpthFk;. Vnddpy; ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;ifahdJ
rpe;jpg;gij> rPHJ}f;fpg; ghh;g;gij Ntz;b epw;gJld; FUl;Lg; gpd;gw;Wjiy
kWj;J epw;fpwJ. kWgf;fj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpy; mwpntd;gJ khh;f;fkhFk;. Vnddpy;
mJ mwpT NjLtij K];ypkhd Mz; ngz;Zf;F tpjpahf;fpapUf;fpwJ. khh;f;f
mwpthapDk; cyf mwpthapDk; gaDs;s> Mf;f G+Htkhd mwpitj; NjLtijAk;
mjpy; <LgLtijAk; ,ghjj;jhfTk;> [p`hjhfTk; fUJfpd;wJ.
,];yhj;jpy; kjj;Jf;Fk; mwpTf;Fkpilapyhd ,Wf;fkhd cwit Nkw;Fyf mwpQuhd
N`hh;ld; vd;ghh; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ',];yhj;jpy; kl;LNk kjKk;
mwptpaYk; ,ize;jpUg;gijf; fhzKbAk;. mJNt ,t;tpuz;Lf;Fkpilapy; ,zf;fk; fhZk; xNu
rkakhFk;."
jw;fhy tpQ;Qhd> njhopy; El;g Kd;Ndw;wj;ij ,];yhk; tuNtw;w NghjpYk;
,k;Kd;Ndw;wk; kjr;rhh;gw;wJk; rlhPjpapyhdJkhd Nghf;iff; nfhz;bUg;gij mJ
fz;bf;fpwJ. ,d;iwa mwptpay; JiwahdJ ,iw ek;gpf;ifiaAk; Md;kPf
tpOkpaq;fisAk; Gwf;fzpg;gjdhNyNa mJ Mf;fj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf mopit
Vw;gLj;Jtij mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. vdNt> ,iw tpRthrj;Jld; mike;j mwptpay;
Kd;Ndw;wj;ijNa ,];yhk; typAWj;jp epw;fpd;wJ. gy jpwd;fisAk; mghu
Mw;wy;fisAk;
ngw;wpUe;j
egp
]{iykhd;
(miy)
mtw;iw
itj;J
mj;JkPwypNyh> ml;lfhrj;jpNyh <Lgltpy;iy; ngUikNah ,Wkhg;Ngh
nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf ',J vdJ ,iwtd; vdf;fspj;j mUshFk;" vd;W gzpTld;
gfh;e;jhh;fs;.
Jy;fh;izd; (miy) mth;fs; jdJ mghu mwptpay; Mw;wiyg; gpuNahfpj;J xU
ngUkjpiyf; fl;ba NghJ kf;fs; mjw;fhf mtUf;F rd;khdk; toq;f Kw;gl;l NghJk;
kpfTk; mlf;fkhf ',J vdJ ,iwtd; vdf;F mspj;j mUshFk;. vdJ ,iwtdpd; Fwpj;j
thf;fspf;fg;gl;l ehs; te;J tpLk; NghJ ,e;j kjpy; jtpL nghbahfptpLk;"
vd;whh;fs;.
,j;jifa <khdpa cs;sk; gilj;jth;fsplk; mwpTk;> Muha;r;rpAk; ,Uf;fpd;w
NghNj cyfk;> mwptpayhy; cd;djkhd gaidg; ngw KbAk;; mwptpay;
Mf;fj;jpw;Fk;> kdpj tho;tpd; RgPl;rj;jpw;Fk; toptFf;f KbAk;. mjw;fhf
rpe;jpg;Nghk;; nray;gLNthk;.

178

ghypay; - XH ,];yhkpa ghHit

,d;iwa cyF ,Utifahd gilnaLg;GfSf;F Kfq;nfhLj;J tUfpd;wJ. mitahtd:
1. ,uhZt uPjpahd gilnaLg;G
2. rpe;jdhuPjpahd fyhrhug; gilnaLg;G
Kjy;tifg; gilnaLg;igg; NghyNt ,uz;lhk; gilnaLg;Gk; cyfpy; gaq;futpisTfis
Vw;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ.
'cyfkakhf;fy;" vDk; ngaupy; ,d;iwa cyfpy; jpzpf;fg;gl;LtUk; etPd
fhydpj;Jtk; murpay;> nghUshjhu uPjpahd mnkupf;f jiyikapyhd
Nkw;Fyfpd; Nkyhjpf;fj;ij cyfpy; tYtilar; nra;tij khj;jpukd;wp rpe;jdh
uPjahfTk;>
fyhrhu
uPjpahfTk;
cyif
mbikg;gLj;JtijAk;
,yf;fhff;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
,e;j tifapy; Nkw;Fyfpd; cyfhaj> rlthj rpe;jidfSk;> fyhrhuKk; %d;whk;
kz;ly ehLfspy; nghJthfTk; ,];yhkpa cyfpy; Fwpg;ghfTk; jpl;lkpl;l

179

mbg;gilapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L tsHf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. czTtiffs;>

Fbghdq;fs;> cilfs;> eifr;Rit> fhl;^z;fs;> nkhop> ,ir> tpisahl;Lf;fs; Kjyhd
rhjhuz mk;rq;fs; Kjy; midj;Jk; Nkw;Fyf fyhrhuj;ij gpujpgypg;gdthfNt
mike;Js;sd.
cyfkkakhjYk; ghypay; rPHNfLfSk;
Nkw;Fyfk; Rje;jpukhd> fl;Lg;ghlw;w Mz;> ngz; cwit tpUk;Gfpd;wJ.
vdNt> cyfkakhf;fy; %yk; cyfpd; Vida ehLfspYk; ,e;epiyia mJ cUthf;f
tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa cyfpNyh fl;Lf;Nfhg;ghd FLk;g r%f mikg;G
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> Nkw;FyF ,t;tpWf;fkhd mikg;ig jfHg;gjw;F jpl;lkpl;L
nraw;gl;L
tUfpd;wJ.
jdJ
Rje;jpukhd>
vj;jifa
jhHkPf>
Md;kPf
fl;Lg;ghLfSkw;w
fyhrhuj;ij
cyfkag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
mt;tg;NghJ
rHtNjr
khehLfisAk; elhj;jp tUfpd;wJ. rpy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; nfa;NuhtpYk;>
gP[pdpYk; eilngw;w rdj;njhif khehLfis ,jw;F cjhuzkhf Fwpg;gplyhk;.
,k;khehLfspy; ngwg;gl;l jPHkhdq;fSs; gpd;tUtd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;:
1. jpUkzj;jpd; %yNkh> jpUkzkpd;wpNah xh; MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk;
,ilapy; cUthFk; cwT mq;fPfupf;fg;glj;jf;fjhFk;.
2. MZk; ngz;Zk; kzKbg;gJ NghyNt MZk; MZk;> ngz;Zk; ngz;Zk;
kzKbf;f KbAk;
Mz;> ngz; ghy; NtWgl;il (Gender perspective) kWf;Fk; ,tHfs; fztd;> kidtp
vd;w Gdpjkhd cwitAk; nfhr;irg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. fztid tho;f;ifj;JiztH (Life
Partner) vd;w mstpy; khj;jpuNk ,tHfs; mq;fPfupf;fpd;wdH. rl;luPjpaw;w
Kiwapy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfisf; $l Natural Baby vd mioj;J mq;fPfhuk;
toq;Ffpd;wdH. jw;NghJ mjid Love Baby vd miof;f Kw;gl;Ls;sdH. ,t;thW
fpof;Fyfpy; nghJthfTk;> ,];yhkpa cyfpy; Fwpg;ghfTk; Ngzg;gLfpd;w
,Wf;fkhd FLk;g mikg;ig rPHFiyf;f ifahsg;gLk; cj;jpfSs; gpd;tUtd
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

rpdpkh
njhiyf;fhl;rp
thndhyp
,d;lHnel;
nghg; ghly;fs;
rQ;rpiffs;
tpsk;guq;fs;
etPd Nkh];j;jHfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; epfo;r;rpfs; (Fashion show)
moFrhjdg; nghUl;fs; (Cosmetics)

,t;thW njhlHghly; Clfq;fs;> gy;Njrpa fk;gdpfs; Kjyhdtw;Wf;$lhf Nkw;FyF

jdJ fyhrhu jpzpg;ig ntw;wpfukhf Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. Holly Wood
jpiug;glq;fspd; nry;thf;fpd; tpisthf Bolly Wood jpiug;glq;fSk; td;KiwiaAk;>
Mghrj;ijAk;
kpff;Nftykhf
muq;Nfw;w
Muk;gpj;Js;sd.
,yq;ifapy;
jahupf;fg;gLk; jpiug;glq;fspy; $l xt;nthU ehd;fpYk; %d;W Mghrj;
180

jpiug;glq;fshf mike;Js;sd. ,d;iwa rpdpkhf;fspy; fijapy;iy. ghlq;fNsh

gbg;gpidfNsh ,y;iy. Fiwe;jJ nkhopiaahtJ fhz KbahJ. jkpo;> `pe;jp
rpdpkhf;fspy; ,g;NghJ td;KiwiaAk; Mghrj;ijAk; jtpu NtnwijAk; ghHf;f
KbahJ. Fwpg;ghf jkpo; rpdpkhg;ghly;fs; xU fl;Liuapy; cjhuzj;jpw;fhfNtZk;
Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;l Kbahjstpw;F mUntWf;fj;jf;f Mghr tHzidfshf mike;Js;sd.
ngz;fis Nghfg;nghUshfTk;> Nghijg;nghUshfTk; fhl;Lk; tifapNyNa ghly;
tupfs; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd. tpufk; tpurkhfp> fhjy; ghYwthfp> fhjyHfs;
fhKfHfshf
rpj;jupf;fg;gLk;
mtyj;ijj;jhd;
,d;iwa
jkpo;r;rpdpkhtpy;
fhzKbfpd;wJ.
Mghrj; jpiug;glq;fs;> ntg;jsq;fs;> tPbNahf;fs;> E}y;fs;> rQ;rpiffs;
Kjyhdit Nkw;Fyfpw;F mjd; fyhrhuj;ij gug;Gtjw;fhd Clfq;fshf kl;Lkd;wp
cyfehLfspd; nghUshjhuj;ij Ruz;Ltjw;fhd kpfr; rpwe;j topahfTk; mike;Js;sd.
,d;iwa cyfpd; kpfTk; ,yhgfukhd tpahghukhf Mghrj;ij re;ijg;gLj;JtJ
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nkw;fz;l
fl;Lg;ghlw;w
Rje;jpu
Mz;>
ngz;
cwT
fyhrhuk;
cyfkag;gLj;jg;gl;ljd; tpisit ,d;iwa cyfk; kpf Nkhrkhf mDgtpf;fj;
Jtq;fpAs;sJ. ,d;W ,f;fyhrhuj;jpd; guty; kdpj r%fj;jpd; ,Ug;igNa
mr;RWj;jptUfpd;wJ. ,f;fyhrhuj;jpd; Kf;fpa tpisTfs; gpd;tUkhW:
1. rpWtH ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk;
2. rl;lG+Htkw;w fUj;jhpg;G
3. fUf;fiyg;G
4. fw;gopg;G
5. jd;dpdr;NrHf;if
6. jhNah my;yJ je;ijNah ,y;yhj (Single Parents) Foe;ijfs;
7. Ml;nfhy;yp va;l;]; Neha;
8. tpthfuj;J
9. jw;nfhiy
10.
Nghijt];Jg; ghtid
,d;iwa cyfpy; gw;wp vupfpd;w gpur;rpidahf khwpAs;s ghypay; rPHNfLfs;
njhlHghd gpur;rpidf;F ,];yhk; $Wk; jPHTfis Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd;
Nehf;fkhFk;.

,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; ghypay;

Mz;> ngz; ,UghyhUf;FkpilNa ,iwtd; xU tif <Hg;ig ,ay;ghfNt
itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. ,jid ,df;ftHr;rp (Sex Appeal) vd;gH. grp> jhfk; vOtJ Nghy
ghYzHTk; ,ay;ghd xd;whFk;. cyftho;T epiyg;gjw;Fk; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk;>
kdpjFyk; cl;gl midj;J capupdq;fspd; ,Ug;Gf;Fk; topahf my;yh`;
mikj;jpUg;gJ Mz;> ngz; cwitj;jhd;.
mZ Kjy; midj;ijAk; my;yh`; Mz;> ngz; vd Nrhb NrhbahfNt
mikj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. kdpj cyfpy; khj;jpukd;wp kpUf cyfpYk; jhtu cyfpYk;
181

midj;jpYk; ,r;Nrhb epiyiaf; fhzyhk;. ,g;NgUz;ikia my;FHMd; gpd;tUkhW

tpsf;FfpwJ.
''NkYk; (ehk;) ePq;fs;
gilj;Js;Nshk;."" (51:49)

gbg;gpidg;

ngWtjw;fhf

xt;nthd;wpYk;

Nrhbfisg;

''my;yh`; J}a;ikahdtd;. mtd; G+kp Kisf;fr; nra;gitapypUe;Jk; mtHfspypUe;Jk;

mtHfs; mwpahjtw;wpypUe;Jk; Nrhbfisg; gilj;jhd;."" (36:36)
jpUkzk;> Jwtwk;> tpgrhuk;
kpUf cyfk;> jhtu cyfk; cl;gl Vida capupdq;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mit
,ay;ghd ,df;ftHr;rpahy; ce;jg;gl;L ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy; Rje;jpukhf <LgLfpd;wd.
me;j
Rje;jpuj;ij
my;yh`;
mtw;wpw;F
toq;fpAs;shd;.
kdpjidg;
nghWj;jtiuapy; mtd; jdJ ghy; czHr;rpia vt;thW jPHj;Jf;nfhs;syhk; vd;w
Nfs;tp ,q;F gpwf;fpd;wJ.
,d;iwa rkarhHgw;w - rlthj Nkw;Fyf fyhrhuk;> kdpjd; jdJ ghYzHr;rpiaj;
jPHj;Jf; nfhs;s vj;jifa fl;Lg;ghLfNsh> tiuaiwfNsh> Md;kPf> jhHkPf
xOq;FfNsh mtrpakpy;iy vdf; fUJfpd;wJ. jpUkzk;> tPL> FLk;gk;
vd;gdnty;yhk; ngz;fis epue;jukhf mbikj;jdj;jpy; itj;jpUf;Fk; xU rhgNk
md;wp Ntwpy;iy vd;gJ ,e;jf; fyhrhuj;jpd; epiyg;ghlhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpaypd;
gaq;fu tpisTfis ,d;iwa cyfk; vt;thW mDgtpf;fpd;wJ vd;gij NkNy fz;Nlhk;.
kWgf;fj;jpy;> kdpjd; cly; ,r;iria KOikahf fl;Lg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ kpUf
czHthFk;. mJ Md;kPf tpNkhrdj;jpw;Fj; jilahdJ vd;W $Wk; Jwtwf;
nfhs;ifiaAk; ,];yhk; mq;fPfupg;gjpy;iy. xUtifapy; Jwtwg;Nghf;iff; iff;nfhs;s
Kaw;rp nra;j c];khd; ,g;D ko;Cd;> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mk;upg;Dy; M];
Nghd;w egpj;NjhoHfis egpatHfs; vt;thW newpg;gLj;jpdhHfs; vd;gij
tuyhw;wpy; ghHf;fpd;Nwhk;.
,];yhk; ghYzHit Rje;jpukhf> vj;jifa fl;Lg;ghLfSkpd;wpj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tij
jilnra;tJ NghyNt rk;rhu tho;f;ifia Jwf;Fk; Jwtwj;ijAk; gpukr;rhupaj;ijAk;
tpyf;fp> ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilNa jpUkzk; vd;w xU newpia mikj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
kdpjd;
nfsutkhdtd;.
mtdJ
vy;yh
eltbf;iffSk;
nfsutkhdjhfTk;
ehfupfkhdjhfTk; mika Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; epiyg;ghlhFk;. ,e;j tifapy;
Mz;> ngz; cwT jpUkzk; vd;w cld;gbf;iff; $lhf Gdpjkhd xd;whf mikjy;
Ntz;Lk; vd;W mJ typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.
jpUkz cld;gbf;ifapd;wp Vw;gLk; Mz; - ngz; cwit KiwNflhdJ vdf;
fUJk; ,];yhk; mjid ']pdh" (tpgrhuk;) vd miof;fpd;wJ. ]pdh ,];yhj;jpd;
ghHitapy; kpfg; nghpa ghtkhFk;. mjw;F kWikf;F Kd;dhy; cyfpNyNa jz;lid
toq;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ
,];yhkpaf;
nfhs;ifahFk;.
tpgrhuj;ijj; jilnra;Ak; ,];yhk; mj;Jld; epd;Wtplhky; mjw;fhd topfisAk;
jilnra;fpd;wJ.
182

''ePq;fs; tpgrhuj;ij neUq;fTk; Ntz;lhk;.

topKiwahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ."" (17:32)

mJ

khdf;NflhdjhfTk;>

Nkhrkhd

tpgr;rhuj;jpw;F toptFg;git
,t;tbg;gilapy; tpgr;rhuj;jpw;F
tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sd:

,l;Lr;

nry;git

vd;w

tifapy;

gpd;tUtd

1. me;epa MZk; ngz;Zk; jdpikapy; ,Uj;jy; kw;Wk; Rje;jpukhfg; goFjy;.

,J
gw;wp
egpatHfs;
gpd;tUkhW
vr;rhpj;Js;shHfs;:
'my;yh`;itAk; kWik ehisAk; <khd; nfhz;ltH xU k`;uk; ,y;yhj epiyapy; xU
ngz;Zld; jdpikapy; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. mt;thW ,Ue;jhy; mtHfSld; %d;whktdhf
i\j;jhd;
,Ug;ghd;."
(m`;kj;)
'cq;fspy; xUtH xU k`;uk; ,y;yhky; xU ngz;Zld; jdpj;jpUf;f Ntz;lhk;."
(Gfhhp> K];ypk;)
Fwpg;ghf xU ngz; jdJ fzthpd; rNfhjuHfs; Kjyhd neUq;fpa cwtpdHfSld;
jdpj;jpUg;gJ> Rje;jpukhfg; goFtJ $lhJ. ,jid egpatHfs; kuzj;jpw;Fr; rkkhdJ
vd tHzpj;Js;shHfs;. (ghHf;f ]`P`{y; Gfhhp)
2. mLj;j ghypdiu ,r;irAld; ghHj;jy;
Mz;fs;
ngz;fisAk;>
ngz;fs;
Mz;fisAk;
Rje;jpukhfg;
ghHg;gijAk;
urpg;gijAk; ,];yhk; xU ghtkhf fUJfpd;wJ. ,jdhy;jhd; ghHitia jho;j;jpf;
nfhs;SkhWk;> fl;Lg;gLj;JkhWk; mJ gzpf;fpd;wJ. (ghHf;f: ]_wj;Jd; E}H
30>31)
'mypNa! xU ghHitiaj; njhlHe;J mLj;j ghHitiar; nrYj;jhjPH. Kjyhk; ghHit
ckf;FhpaJ. mLj;jJ ckf;Fhpajy;y." (m`;kj;> mG+jhT+j;)
nfl;l
ghHitia
egpatHfs;
]pdh
vd
tHzpf;Fk;
gpd;tUk;
`jP];
ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;:
',U fz;fSk; tpgrhuk; nra;fpd;wd. mit nra;Ak; tpgrhuk; ghHitahFk;."
(Gfhhp)
3. mt;uj;ij fhl;LtJk;> ghHg;gJk;
mt;uj;ij ntspf;fhl;LtJk; mjidg; ghHg;gJk; JHelj;ijf;Fj; J}z;Lgit vd;w
tifapy; ,];yhk; XH Mz; clk;gpy; kiwf;f Ntz;ba gFjp vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpAk;>
xU ngz; kiwf;f Ntz;ba gFjp ahJ vd;gJ gw;wpAk; tphpthf tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
,t;thW ghypay; rPHNfLfSf;fhd vy;yh topfisAk; milj;Js;s ,];yhk;>
kWgf;fj;jpy; kdpjd; jdJ czHr;rpiaj; jPHj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F GdpjkhdJk;
nfsutkhdJkhd jpUkzk; vd;w xOq;if mwpKfk; nra;Js;sJ.
183

,];yhj;jpd;
xspapy;
milahsg;gLj;jyhk;:

jpUkzj;jpdhy;

tpisAk;

ed;ikfis

gpd;tUkhW

1. ,];yhk; jdpkdpjHfis cUthf;fp> mtHfisf; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fis mikj;J>

,Wjpapy; jd; nfhs;if topr; r%fk; xd;iw ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l
khHf;fkhFk;.,];yhj;jpd; ,yf;Ffspy; FLk;gk; xU gpujhd ,lj;ijg;
ngWfpd;wJ. ,];yhj;ij FLk;gtpay; rhHe;j khHf;fk; (Family Oriented
Religion) vd tHzpg;gH. FLk;gk; vd;gJ xU rpwpa r%fk; (Micro Society)
vd fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. xU nghpa r%fj;jpd; Muk;g tpj;jhf miktJ
FLk;gkhFk;. ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpd; xt;nthU FLk;gKk; xU Nfhl;ilf;F
xg;ghdjhFk;. mf;Nfhl;ilapy; vt;tpj Xl;ilAk; Njhd;whky; mjidg;
ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;G FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfisr; rhHe;jjhFk;. FLk;gk; vDk;
Nfhl;ilia ghJfhf;Fk; rpg;gha;fshf FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfs; ,Uf;fpd;wdH.
,j;jifa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;w FLk;gk; vDk; epWtdj;jpd; Eiothapyhf
,Ug;gJ jpUkzk; MFk;. jpUkzk; ,d;wp FLk;gk; cUthtJ rhj;jpakw;wjhFk;.
2. kdpjdplk; fhzg;gLk; czHr;rpfspy; ghYzHNt kpfTk; gykhdjhFk;.
mjidj;
jPHj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhd
,ay;ghdJkhdJk;>
ghJfhg;ghdJk;>
nfsutkhdJkhd topahf jpUkzk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
3. Foe;ijr;
nry;tj;ijg;
ngWtjw;fhd
rpwe;j
topahfTk;>
,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd rPhpa KiwahfTk; ,Ug;gJ jpUkzkhFk;.
4. jha;ik czHT (Motherhood)> je;ij czHT (Fatherhood) rNfhju cwT
(Brotherhood) Kjyhd czHTfSk; cwTfSk; ,d;wp kdpj tho;T epiwthf
mikahJ. jpUkzNk czHTfis cUthf;fp Ngh\pj;J tsHf;ff; $bajhFk;.
5. kztho;T kdpjdpy; RWRWg;ig Vw;gLj;jty;yJ. mJ kdpjDf;F Cf;fj;ijAk;
cw;rhfj;ijAk; nfhLg;gNjhL mtid nghWg;GzHr;rp cs;stdhfTk;
khw;Wfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; ciog;G mjpfhpj;J> cw;gj;jp ngUfp> kdpj
tho;T tsk; ngw kztho;T topNfhYfpd;wJ.
6. tho;f;ifAld; njhlHghd nghWg;Gf;fs; Mz;> ngz; ,UghyhUf;FkpilNa
rhpahfg;
gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLtjpy;
tho;tpd;
ntw;wp
jq;fpAs;sJ.
jpUkzj;jpw;$lhf ,j;jifa nghWg;Gf;fs; fztd;> kidtpf;fpilNaAk;> tPl;bd;
Vida cWg;gpdHfSf;fpilNaAk; gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;
fpl;Lfpd;wJ.
7. FLk;gq;fSf;fpilNa njhlHGfs; cUthfp> gu];gu md;Gk; xj;Jiog;Gk;
epyTfpd;w XH MNuhf;fpakhd r%fk; cUthtjw;Fk; jpUkzNk fhuzkhf
mikfpd;wJ.
8. kdmOj;jk;> cs,Wf;fk;> ftiyfs; Kjyhd csuPjpahd gpur;rpidfspypUe;J
tpLjiy ngw;W epiwthdJk; epk;kjpahdJkhd xU tho;Tf;F jpUkzk;
rpwe;j topahfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. jpUkzk; Kbj;jtHfspd; MAs; jpUkzk;
Kbf;fhjtHfspd; MAis tpl $bajhFk; vd;gJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;.
jpUkzj;jpd; %yk; fpl;Lk; epk;kjpiaAk; epiwitAk; gw;wp my;FHMd;
gpd;tUkhW
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ
''ePq;fs; (mikjp) MWjy; ngWtjw;Fhpa Jizia cq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj cq;fSf;fhf mtd;
gilj;jpUg;gJk;> cq;fSf;fpilNa md;igAk; fpUigiaAk; Vw;gLj;jp ,Ug;gJk; mtDila
mj;jhl;rpfspy; cs;sjhFk;."" (30:21)

184

FLk;g tho;it mr;RWj;Jk; mk;rq;fs;

,y;yw tho;Tf;Fk; mjd; Eiothapyhd jpUkzj;jpw;Fk; mr;RWj;jyhf mikAk;
mk;rq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tJ gaDs;sjhFk;.
JHelj;ij
tpgrhuk;> jd;dpdr;NrHf;if Kjyhd KiwNflhd Mz; - ngz; cwTfs; FLk;gk; vd;w
rpwpa r%fj;ijj; jfHf;ff;$bait ahFk;. ,aw;if epajpf;Fk; ,iw epajpf;Fk; Kuzhd
,j;jifa cwTfs; FLk;g mikjpiaf; Fiyj;J rKjhaj;ijr; rPuopf;Fk; gaq;fu
<dr;nray;fshFk;. ,t;thwhd ,opnray;fspy; <LgLNthH jpUkzj;jpy; Miraw;W>
,y;yw tho;tpy; tpUg;gkw;wtuhf ,Ug;gH. ,tHfs; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;lhYk; jkJ
kidtpkhiug; Gwf;fzpg;Nghuhf ,Ug;gH. ,jdhy; ngz;fs; csuPjpahf
ghjpf;fg;gl;L mtHfs; kj;jpapYk; gy rPHNfLfs; Njhd;w topgpwf;Fk;. ,j;jifa
epiyapy; fztd;> kidtpf;fpilNa tphpry; cUthfp Foe;ijfspd; ey;tho;T
ghjpf;fg;gLk;. nkhj;jj;jpy; FLk;g epWtdk; rPHFiye;J r%f tho;T
rpd;dhgpd;dkhfp tpLk;.
,it jtpu> KiwNflhd ghypay; cwTfshy; vj;jifa gaq;fu Neha;fs;
Njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;gij ,d;iwa kUj;Jt cyfk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ. Nkf Neha; Kjyhd
gy;NtWgl;l Nkhrkhd ghypay; Neha;fs; ,d;W cyf Rfhjhuj;ij mr;RWj;jpa
tz;zk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,d;W cyifNa Ml;b itf;Fk; gaq;fu Ml;nfhy;yp Neha;
va;l;]pd; njhlf;fg;Gs;sp KiwNfhlhd ghypay; cwTfs; vd;gij mwpahtjtH
vtUk; ,y;iy. kdNeha;fs; cUthtjw;Fk; KiwNflhd ghypay; cwTfs; fhuzkhf
mikfpd;wd
vd;gJ
,d;W
ep&gpf;fg;gl;l
XH
cz;ikahFk;.
,j;jifa
fhuzq;fSf;fhfNt ,];yhk; KiwNflhd ghypay; cwTfis kpff; fLikahf fz;bj;J
jilnra;Js;sJ.
Xhpdr;NrHf;if
Vwj;jho Iahapuk; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; jd;dpdr;NrHf;if vd;w juq;nfl;l nraypy;
<Lgl;l egp Y}j; (miy) mtHfspd; r%fj;ijg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; my;FHMd;
mtHfspd; ,f;Fw;wr; nray;fspd; fhuzkhf mtHfs; vt;thW gaq;fukhfj;
jz;bf;fg;gl;lhHfs; vd;gij vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpd;wJ. (ghHf;f: ]_wj;J m\;\{muh : 172174)
kdpjdpd; kdj;ijAk; Fzj;ijAk; ,ay;igAk; ,iwj;njhlHigAk; nfLj;J> ,k;ik> kWik
<Uyf tho;itAk; gho;gLj;jf;$ba Xupdr;NrHf;if vd;w Fw;wr; nraypy;
<LgLgtHfSf;F kuzjz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJ \uPMtpd; rl;lj;jPHg;ghFk;.
tpgrhuk;
Xhpdr;NrHf;ifiag; NghyNt tpgrhuKk; ,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; kpfg; nghpa
ghtKk; Fw;wr; nraYkhFk;. ,];yhk; tpgrhuj;ij kl;Lkd;wp mjw;F J}z;Ljy;
185

toq;Ffpd;w midj;ijAk; tpyf;fpAs;sJ. ,e;j tifapy; ehk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJ

Nghy> XH Mz; me;epa ngz;Zld; my;yJ xU ngz; me;epa MZld;
jdpj;jpUj;jy;> Mz;fs; - ngz;fs; Rje;jpukhfg; goFjy; Mfpatw;Wld; eldk;>
Mghrg; glq;fs;> ghly;fs;> juf;Fiwthd ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gf;fs;> nfl;l ghHit>
fhjy; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ,];yhk; `uhkhf;fpAs;sJ.
tpgrhuj;ij
Mff;
$ba
jz;lid
toq;fg;glNtz;ba
Fw;wkhf
,];yhk;
fUJfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa \hPmj; mKypy; cs;s ,lj;jpy; Xh; MNzh ngz;Nzh
tpgrhuk; Ghpe;jhy; mtUf;Ff; fy;nywpe;J nfhy;Yk; jz;lid toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
jpUkzkhfhjtUf;F jyh E}W firab toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd;
jPHg;ghFk;.
tpgrhuj;jpdhy; tpisAk; Md;kPf> kWikg; ghjpg;Gf;fs; gw;wp tpsf;Fk;
egpnkhopfSk;
cz;L.
mtw;Ws;
gpd;tUtd
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;:
'xUtH tpgrhuk; nra;Ak; epiyapy; K/kpdhf ,Uf;f khl;lhH" (Gfhhp> K];ypk;)
'tpgrhuj;ij ,l;L cq;fis vr;rhpf;fpd;Nwd;. mjpy; ehd;F tpisTfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
mitahtd:
Kfj;jpd; trPfuj;ij ePf;fptpLk;
tUkhdj;ij mWj;JtpLk;
u`;khdpd; Nfhgj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;
eufpy; epiyj;jpUf;f toptFf;Fk;" (Mjhuk; : mj;jguhzp)
vdNt> jfhj ghypay; njhlHG clyhNuhf;fpaj;ijf; nfLf;fpd;wJ. cs;sj;ijf;
nfLf;fpd;wJ. mwpitAk;> Md;khitAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. jdpkdpjid mopj;J>
FLk;gtho;it Fl;br;Rtuhf;fp tpLfpd;wJ. ,Wjpapy; KOr%f tho;;Tf;Fk; Ntl;L
itf;fpwJ. ,];yhk; kdpjdJ ,ay;ghd ghYzHr;rpiaj; jPHj;Jf;nfhs;sNt gz;ghlhd
jpUkzk; vd;w xOq;ifj; je;Js;sJ. `uhkhdtw;iw ehlNtz;ba mtrpak; ,y;yhj
msTf;F ,e;j jPDf;$lhf midj;ijAk; `yhyhf;fp je;jpUg;gJ my;yh`;;tpd;
NguUshFk;.

186

Gj;jhz;Lr; nra;jp
K`u;uk; Gj;jhz;L gpwe;Js;sJ. `p[;hp 1427 fope;J 1428 Jtq;fpAs;sJ. K];ypk;
ck;kj;jpd; mtyq;fspd; gl;bay; ePz;L nrd;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; Gj;jhz;L
tUif je;Js;sJ. Mdhy; ,it midj;ijAk; tpl ftiyf;Fhpa tplak; ahnjdpy; K`u;uk;
GJtUlg; gpwg;igg; gw;wpNah K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd; mtyq;fs; gw;wpNah
vj;jifa gpuf;iQAkpd;wp vk; r%fk; ,Ug;gJjhd;.
,];yhkpa ck;kj;jpd; kPJ mjd; vjphpfs; Nkw;nfhz;l rpe;jdh hPjpahd fyhrhug;
gilnaLg;gpd; tpistpdhy;jhd; mJ (K];ypk; ck;kj;) ,j;jifa czh;r;rpaw;wcapNuhl;lkpy;yhj epiyia mile;Js;sJ. K`h;uk; GJtUlj;ij tpl [dthp Kjy; jpfjpia
myl;bf;nfhs;Sk; msTf;F> ck;kj;jpd; mtyq;fistpl> tPz; Nfspf;iffs;>
tpisahl;Lf;fs;> nghOJNghf;Ffs; Kjyhdit Kd;Dhpikg; gl;baypy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngWk; msTf;F K];ypk;fs; %isr;ryit nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wdh;.
K`h;uk; vkf;F `p[;uj;ij epidTgLj;JfpwJ. egp (]y;) mth;fspd; tho;tpy;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j gy epfo;Tfs; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;f fyPgh ckh; (wop) mth;fs;
`p[;uj; rk;gtj;ij itj;Nj ,];yhkpa tUlk; Muk;gpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vdj;
jPh;khdpj;J> K`h;uik tUlj;jpd; Kjy; khjkhf mikj;jhh;fs;.
`p[;uj;> egp (]y;) mth;fspd; tho;tpYk;> ,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; xU
jpUg;GKid
vd;gij
md;dhh;
fz;likNa
,jw;Ff;
fhuzk;. `p[;uj;jpd;
gpd;Ng ,];yhj;jpw;nfd;W xU g+kp> ehL> r%fk; vd;gd Njhd;wpd. ,];yhk;
cyfpy; xU rf;jpahf cUntLj;jJ. egp (]y;) mth;fspd; J}Jj;Jtg; gzp KOik ngw;W
ntw;wp ngWtjw;F `p[;uj; xU gPbifahf mike;jJ.
`p[;uj;
epfo;r;rp
ekf;Fg;
Gfl;bepw;Fk;
ghlq;fs;
gy.
,];yhj;ij
cyfpy; ];jhgpg;gjw;F my;yh`;tpd; cjtpAld; mjid Vw;wth;fspd; jpahfk;>
mh;g;gzk; mtrpak;. ,tw;NwhL ngsjPf fhuzpfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L jpl;lkpl;l
mbg;gilapy; fUkkhw;w Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; ,];yhk; cyfpy; thOk;;;;;;>
tYg;ngWk;. `p[;uj; nrhy;ypj; jUk; rpy ghlq;fs; ,it.
egp (]y;) mth;fspd; ,j;jifa topfhl;ly;fis K];ypk; ck;kj; kwe;jjdhNyNa mJ
,d;iwa ,op epiyia mile;Js;sJ. vdNt> K];ypk;fs; mth;fspd; ,];yhj;ij Nehf;fpj;
jpUk;gpdhy; md;wp tho;tpy;iy> kWikf;F Kd;dhy; ,k;ik tho;T$l tsk;ngwg;
Nghtjpy;iy. fle;j gy jrhg;jq;fshf K];ypk; cyfk; ,];yhk; my;yhj nfhs;iffis
187

ghPl;rpj;Jg; ghh;j;J gLNjhy;tp fz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j frg;ghd mDgtq;fs; mjw;F

ey;ynjhU ghlkhf mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. kPz;Lk; kpf Ntfkhf ,];yhj;ij Nehf;fp mJ
kPSjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt K];ypk; cyfpd; eydpy; mf;fiwAs;sth;fs; tpLf;ff;$ba
Gj;jhz;Lr; nra;jpahf KbAk;.
midtUf;Fk; ,dpa Gj;jhz;L tho;j;Jf;fs;.

tpidj;jjpwd; kpf;f Fj;ghf;fis

mikj;Jf;nfhs;tJ vg;gb?
Ngr;R - XH mUs;
Ngr;R NgRk; jpwd; vd;gJ ,iwtd; kdpjDf;F toq;fpAs;s kpfg; ngupaNjhH
mUl;nfhilahFk;. kdpjid Vida capupdq;fspypUe;J NtWgLj;Jk; gpujhd
mk;rq;fspy; xd;whf Ngr;R tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,jdhNyNa r%ftpay; mwpQHfs;
kdpjid
NgRk;
gpuhzp
vd
tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.
jd;id mstw;w mUshsd; vd mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; my;yh`; jdJ NguUSf;F rhd;whf
jhd;
kdpjidg;
gilj;J
mtDf;Fg;
NgRk;
Mw;wiy
toq;fpapUg;gijf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.
mstw;w mUshsd;@ FHMid mtd; fw;Wf;nfhLj;jhd; kdpjidg; gilj;J> mtDf;F
NgrTk; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhd;.(55: 1- 4)

Ngr;R XH MAjk;
Ngr;R vd;gJ XH mUs; kl;Lky;y mJ XH MAjk;. Jg;ghf;fpfshy;> gPuq;fpfshy;
rhjpf;f Kbahjij XH mwpG+Htkhd> czHr;rpAld; $ba ciuapdhy; rhjpf;f
KbAk; vd;gjw;F tuyhW rhd;W gfHfpd;wJ. jhd; ngw;wpUe;j ehtd;ikia itj;J
kf;fisf; ftHe;J> mtHfis fl;b itj;j cyif Mz;ltHfs; jhd; vj;jidg; NgH. ,jdhy; jhd;
egp (]y;) mtHfs; Ngr;rpy; xU tif trpak; cz;L vd;whHfs;.
fj;jpapd;wp ,uj;jkpd;wp eil ngWk; Aj;jj;jpy; Ngr;Rk; vOj;JNk ,U ngUk;
MAjq;fshFk;.
egp (]y;) mtHfspd; ,yl;rpa Nghuhl;lj;jpy; mtHfs; Muk;gkhfg; gad;gLj;jpa
MAjk; Ngr;rhFk;.

Ngr;R xU fiy
Ngr;rhw;wiy tsHj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;@ Ngr;Rf;fis tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf mikj;Jf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd tpUk;Gfpd;wtHfs; Muk;gkhf Ngr;R xU fiy vd;gij Gupe;J
nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

188

Ngr;rhsHfs; gpwg;gtHfsh? my;yJ cUthf;fg;gLgtHfsh? vDk; tplaj;jpy;

tuyhW neLfpYk; thjg; gpujpthjq;fs; epytpte;Js;sd. rpyH NgRtjw;nfd;Nw
gpwf;fpd;whHfs;@ ehtd;ik vd;gJ mtHfspy; xd;wpg; gpwe;j jpwik@
,jdhy; ,ay;ghfNt mtHfs; Ngr;rhw;wy; nfhz;ltHfshf ,Ug;ghHfs; vd rpyH
thjpLtH. ,jdhy; tpUk;gpNahH vy;yhk; Ngr;rhsuhf khwKbahJ vd;gJ ,tHfspd;
thjkhFk;.
xUtH rpwe;j Ngr;rhsuhf tpsq;Ftjw;F mtupd; gpwg;gpay;G Kf;fpakhdJ
vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. xU Ngr;R ftHr;rpkpf;fjhf miktjpy; Fuy;tsk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. Fuy; tsk; vd;gJ gpwg;gpay;Gld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
nthd;whFk;. Mdhy; Ngr;ir tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf mikj;Jf; nfhs;s Fuy;tsk;
Nghd;w gpwg;gpay;Gfs; kl;Lk; NghJkhditay;y. ,tw;Wld; mwpT>
gapw;rp> KjyhditAk; xU Ngr;rhsid cUthf;f Jiz Gupfpd;wd. ,e;j tifapy;
xUtH Ngr;rhsuhf khWtjw;F ,ay;ghd jpwikAld; mwpTk;> gapw;rpAk; Njit
vd;w
cz;ik
czug;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
Ngr;rhw;wiy tsHj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vg;gb?
Nkw;fz;l gpd;dzpapy; Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ Ngr;rhw;wiy tsHj;Jf; nfhs;s ehd;F
topfs; ,Ug;gijf; fhzyhk;.
1.
2.
3.
4.

,ay;ghd jpwik
Ngr;Rf; fiy njhlHghd tpjpfs;> xOq;Ffs; gw;wpa mwpitg; ngwy;
Gfo; ngw;w Ngr;rhsHfspd; eilfisf; fw;wy;
Ngr;Rg; gapw;rp

Ngr;rhw;wy; vd;gJ xUtupy; Gije;J fplf;Fk; ,ay;ghd jpwikahf ,Uf;fyhk;.

Mdhy; mJ njhlHNjHr;rpahd gapw;rpfSf; $lhfNt ntspf; nfhzug;glTk;
tsHf;fg;glTk;
KbAk;.
ehT XH cWg;ghFk;. mjidg; gapw;Wtpj;jhy; mJ gapw;rp ngWk;.
gapw;rpfspd; %yk; iffSk; clYk; Rikfis Rkf;fg; gof;fg;gLtJ Nghy>
eilgapw;rpapd; %yk;; elg;gjw;F fhy;fs; goFtJ Nghy Ngr;Rg; gapw;rpapd;
%yk; ehT Ngr;Rf;F gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vd;whHfs; fhypj; ,g;D ]y;khd;
mtHfs;.
rpj;jpuk; ifg;gof;fk; nre;jkpo; ehg;gof;fk; vd;gJ jkpo; Nkijfspd; thf;fhFk;.
gpHmt;Df;F Kd;dhy; njspthfTk; ruskhfTk; Ngrf; $ba Mw;wiyj; jdf;Fj;
jUk;gb egp %]h (miy) mtHfs; my;yh`;tplk; Nfl;l gpuhHj;jidia my;FHMd;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:
vdJ ,with! vdJ neQ;ir tpupthf;fpitg;ghahf! vdJ fhupaj;ij vdf;F vspjhf;fpAk;
itg;ghahf! vd; ehtpYs;s Kbr;ir mtpo;j;Jk; tpLthahf! (mg;NghJ jhd;) vdJ
Ngr;ir mtHfs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;thHfs;. (20 : 25-28)
Ngr;rpd; cs;slf;fKk; fl;likg;Gk; xU tplaj;ij RUf;fkhfTk; vspikahfTk;
njspthfTk; ftHr;rpahfTk; jhf;fkpf;fjhfTk; Kd;itg;gjpNyNa xU Ngr;rpd;
ntw;wp jq;fpAs;sJ. xU Ngr;ir ,t;thW mikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s

189

Ntz;ba rpy mk;rq;fs;

Nehf;FNthk;.

,Uf;fpd;wd.

mtw;Ws;

Kf;fpakhdtw;iw

fPNo

1. cs;slf;fj;ij jpl;lkply;
Ngr;rpd; cs;slf;fj;ij jpl;lkpLk;NghJ ,uz;L Kf;fpakhd mk;rq;fs; ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mitahtd:
1. Nfl;Nghiu (rigNahiu) mwpe;jpUj;jy;
2. Ngr;rpd; fl;likg;ig jPHkhdpj;jy;
Nfl;Nghiu mwpe;jpUj;jy; vDk; NghJ Ngr;ir nrtpkLg;Nghupd; mwpTj;juk;>
thOk; #oy;> vjpH Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs; Kjyhdtw;iw mwpe;jpUg;gijf;
Fwpf;Fk;.
Ngr;rpd; fl;likg;ig jPHkhdpf;Fk; NghJ gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngwy;
Ntz;Lk;.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

jiyg;igj; jPHkhdpj;jy;
Kd;Diu
jiyg;ig gFg;gha;T nra;jy;
jPHTfis Kd;itj;jy;
KbTiu toq;fy;

Ngr;ir tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf mikj;Jf; nfhs;s xU Ngr;rpd; tpidj;jpwidAk;

gad;gLj;jd;ikiaAk; mjpfupg;gjw;F Jiz GupAk; kw;Wk; rpy mk;rq;fs;
gpd;tUkhW.
1. ,il tplhj; njhlHr;rp (Continuity)
Ngr;rpd; NghJ fUj;Jf;fis rq;fpypj; njhluhf ,iltplhky; njhlHNjHr;rpahf mikj;Jf;
nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy; Fwpg;gpl;l fUj;Jf;Fk; mLj;J nrhy;Yk; fUj;Jf;FkpilNa
xU njhlHG ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ciuia njhlHgWglhky; jHf;f uPjpahf tsHj;Jr;
nry;yy; Ntz;Lk;.
1. nrhw;NjHT (Diction)
xU Ngr;rpd; ntw;wpf;F nrhw;NjHT kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. ,e;j tifapy; Ngr;rpd;
NghJ gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fs; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

rpwe;j> nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;

KjpHr;rpahd nrhw;gpuNahfq;fis ifahs;jy;
Xir xOq;Fld; $ba nrhw;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;jy;
,ilf;fpilNa vJif> Nkhidfis gad;gLj;Jjy;
ctikfs;> cUtfq;fs; Kjyhd nkhop tbtq;fis gpuNahfpj;jy;
kf;fs; epidtpy; nfhs;sj;jf;f trdq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLjy;

190

mehfuPfkhd>
nfhr;irahd>
KjpHr;rpaw;w
thHj;ijg;
gpuNahfq;fis
vg;NghJk; jtpHj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mHj;jkw;w mLf;F nkhopiaAk; jtpHj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

xg;Gjy; El;gq;fs;
Nkw; Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fSld; ciuia epfo;j;Jk; NghJ filgpbf;f Ntz;ba rpy
xOq;FfisAk; Ngr;rhsH njupe;J itj;jpUg;gJ Kf;fpakhFk;. ,tw;iw xg;Gtpj;jy;
El;gq;fs;
(Delivery
techniques)
vd;gH.
cly; nkhopAk; (Body Language And Body Action) mgpeaKk; Ngr;rhsupd;
mq;f mirTfSk; irf;fpidfSk; mgpeaKk; Ngr;rpd; tpidj; jpwid jPHkhdpf;Fk;
mk;rq;fSs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWgitahFk;. cz;ikapy; njhlHghlhypd; NghJ
thHj;ijfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 10 tPjk; kl;LNk vd;gJk; cly; nkhopNa 60 tPj
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; ngWtjhfTk; Xir 30 tPj ,lj;ijg; ngWtjhfTk; DR. Stetven Covey
vd;gtH $Wfpd;whH. ,f;$w;W Ngr;rpd; NghJ cly; nkhop ve;jsT Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngWfpd;wJ
vd;gijf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
xU Ngr;ir jhf;f kpf;fjhf mikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F filgpbf;f Ntz;ba xOq;FfSs;
gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fSk; rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;wd.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

ghHit %yj; njhlHG (Visual Contact)

Xir (Voice)
cug;G (Volume)
RUjp (Pitch)
Ngr;rpd; Ntfk; (Rate)
Neu Kfhikj;Jtk; (Time Management)
cil (Dress Code)

Kd;$l;bNa ey;y ey;y Kiwapy; jahH gLj;Jjy;> Nghjpa tpsf;fkspj;jy;

Nfl;Nghiu MHt%l;ly; ,il ntsp tpl;Lg; NgRjy; Mfpa mk;rq;fs; njhlHghlypd;
NghJ mtrpak; Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd N[hd; mlaH vd;gtH tpsf;Ffpd;whH.
egpfshupd;
Kd;khjpup
u]{Yy;yh`; (]y;) mtHfspd; ciufis Muha;fpd;w NghJ mtw;Wy; gpd;tUk;
rpwg;gk;rq;fis fhz Kbfpd;wJ:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

nrhw; RUf;fk;
nghUl; nrwpT
vspikahd thHj;ijg; gpuNahfq;fs;
epWj;jp> epWj;jp ,il ntsp tpl;Lg; NgRjy;
rpy tplaq;fis gy Kiw kPl;Ljy;
cly; nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jy;
ePz;l ciufisj; jtpHj;jy;
cWf;fkhfg; NgRjy;

ehk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l midj;J tplaq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf XH ciuapd; %yk; cupa

jhf;fKk; tpisTk; Nfl;Nghupy; Vw;gLtjw;F Ngr;rhsupd; Md;kPf epiy ngupJk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. ,t;tk;rj;ijNa MkpH ,g;Dy; if]; (u`;) gpd;tUkhW
191

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs;:
cs;sj;jpypUe;J ntspahd thHj;ij cs;sj;ijr; nrd;wilAk;@ ntWk; ehtpypUe;J
ntspg;gl;l
thHj;ij
fhJfSf;F
mg;ghy;
fle;j
nry;yhJ.
xU re;jHg;gj;jpy; ,khk; `]Dy; g]up xU khHf;fr; nrhw; nghopitf; Nfl;lhHfs;.
Mdhy; mr;nrhw;nghopT md;dhupd; cs;sj;jpy; vj;jifa jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;j
tpy;iy. Fwpj;j nrhw;nghopthsiu mZfpa ,khk; mtHfs; mtiu tpopj;J> ~X
kdpjNd! ahUila cs;sj;jpy; Fog;gk; fhzg;gLfpd;;wJ? ckJ cs;sj;jpyh? my;yJ
vdJ
cs;sj;jpyh?|
vd
tpdtpdhHfs;.
vdNt> Kf];Jjp> gpugy;a Nehf;fk;> NgH> Gfo; Kjyhd cyfhaj
vjpHg;ghHg;Gf;fisj;
jtpHj;J
csj;J}a;ikAld;
,iw
jpUg;jpia
ehb
epfo;j;jg;gLfpd;w ciufSk; Ngr;Rf;fSNk Nfl;Nghupy; jhf;fj;ijAk; khw;wj;ijAk;
Vw;gLj;jty;yit vd;gij ehk; kwe;J tplyhfhJ.:

192