Manet 01

Mobile & Ad Hoc Networks
Irwan Prasetya Gunawan, Ph.D

Informatics Engineering, Bakrie University ipg@bakrie.ac.id
01: Introduction
Version: February 14, 2014
Prepared for Postgraduate Studies of Telecommunications Engineering, ITTelkom
About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols
Contents
01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09: 10: 11: 12: 13: Introduction Mobile Communications Evolution Overview of Ad Hoc Networks Medium Access Control Routing, Scheduling Quality of Services Performance Analysis Power Management Service Discovery Security Technology Platform Applications Future Development
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Details Evaluation
About the course
3 / 27
Details Evaluation
About the course

Course description: understand mobility factors, mobile trafc, ad hoc network and future development, design mobile network and services considering performance and capacity
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Details Evaluation
About the course

Course description: understand mobility factors, mobile trafc, ad hoc network and future development, design mobile network and services considering performance and capacity Pre-requisite: Information Theory & Coding, Stochastic, Telecom. Network Performance, Network Mathematics, and Data Network Protocol.
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Details Evaluation
About the course

Course description: understand mobility factors, mobile trafc, ad hoc network and future development, design mobile network and services considering performance and capacity Pre-requisite: Information Theory & Coding, Stochastic, Telecom. Network Performance, Network Mathematics, and Data Network Protocol. References (tentantive):
Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005 Other papers on mobile communications and ad hoc networks from IEEE, ACM, Springer, etc
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Details Evaluation
Evaluation
Grades:
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Details Evaluation
Evaluation
Grades: Mid Test: 25% Final Test: 25% Pop test / quiz: 15% Assignment: 20% Others (presentation, paper): 15%
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Details Evaluation
Evaluation
Grades: Mid Test: 25% Final Test: 25% Pop test / quiz: 15% Assignment: 20% Others (presentation, paper): 15% Note:
Late submission of assignment/homeworks/etc: 25% discount
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Details Evaluation
Evaluation
Late submission of assignment/homeworks/etc: 25% discount Quiz will not be announced beforehand; so, always be prepared!
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Details Evaluation
Evaluation
Late submission of assignment/homeworks/etc: 25% discount Quiz will not be announced beforehand; so, always be prepared!
Warning
No other types of grade will be given. There will not be any extra assignments once the Final Test has been conducted
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Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations
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Why mobile communications?
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Largest SW/HW/networked system
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Largest SW/HW/networked system Largest number of subscribers
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Largest SW/HW/networked system Largest number of subscribers Mobile devices dominate the Internet
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Largest SW/HW/networked system Largest number of subscribers Mobile devices dominate the Internet Mobile applications dominate Internet usage
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Largest SW/HW/networked system Largest number of subscribers Mobile devices dominate the Internet Mobile applications dominate Internet usage New possibilities, new threats
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Largest SW/HW/networked system Largest number of subscribers Mobile devices dominate the Internet Mobile applications dominate Internet usage New possibilities, new threats Technology fully integrated into everybodys life almost 24/7, almost anywhere
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A brief history of wireless communication
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1896 Guglielmo Marconi
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wireless telegraphy (digital!)
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wireless telegraphy (digital!) long wave transmission
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1907 Commercial transatlantic connections
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1907 Commercial transatlantic connections 1915 Wireless voice transmission NY-SF
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1907 Commercial transatlantic connections 1915 Wireless voice transmission NY-SF 1920 Discovery of short waves (Marconi)
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1907 Commercial transatlantic connections 1915 Wireless voice transmission NY-SF 1920 Discovery of short waves (Marconi) 1926 Train-phone on the line Hamburg-Berlin
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A brief history of wireless communication II
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1928 many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, news)
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1928 many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, news) 1933 Frequency Modulation (E. H. Armstrong)
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1928 many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, news) 1933 Frequency Modulation (E. H. Armstrong) 1958 A-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz, no handover)
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1928 many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, news) 1933 Frequency Modulation (E. H. Armstrong) 1958 A-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz, no handover) 1972 B-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz)
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1928 many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, news) 1933 Frequency Modulation (E. H. Armstrong) 1958 A-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz, no handover) 1972 B-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz) 1979 NMT at 450MHz (Scandinavian)
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1928 many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, news) 1933 Frequency Modulation (E. H. Armstrong) 1958 A-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz, no handover) 1972 B-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz) 1979 NMT at 450MHz (Scandinavian) 1982 Start of GSM specication
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1928 many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, news) 1933 Frequency Modulation (E. H. Armstrong) 1958 A-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz, no handover) 1972 B-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz) 1979 NMT at 450MHz (Scandinavian) 1982 Start of GSM specication 1983 Start of American AMPS (analog)
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1928 many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, news) 1933 Frequency Modulation (E. H. Armstrong) 1958 A-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz, no handover) 1972 B-Netz in Germany (analog, 160MHz) 1979 NMT at 450MHz (Scandinavian) 1982 Start of GSM specication 1983 Start of American AMPS (analog) 1984 CT-1 standard (Europe)
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A brief history of wireless communication III
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1991 DECT
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1991 DECT
used to be Digital European Cordless Telephone; now: Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
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1991 DECT
used to be Digital European Cordless Telephone; now: Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications 18801900MHz, 100500m range, 120 duplex channels, 1.2Mbit/s data transmission, voice encryption, authentication, up to several 10000 user/km2 , used in more than 50 countries
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1991 DECT
1992 GSM
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1991 DECT
1992 GSM
fully digital, 900MHz, 124 channels
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1991 DECT
1992 GSM
fully digital, 900MHz, 124 channels automatic location, hand-over, cellular
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1991 DECT
1992 GSM
fully digital, 900MHz, 124 channels automatic location, hand-over, cellular roaming in Europe now worldwide in more than 200 countries
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1991 DECT
1992 GSM
fully digital, 900MHz, 124 channels automatic location, hand-over, cellular roaming in Europe now worldwide in more than 200 countries services: data with 9.6kbit/s, FAX, voice, ...
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A brief history of wireless communication IV
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1996 HiperLAN (High Performance Radio Local Area Network)
ETSI, Std 1: 5.155.30GHz, 23.4 Mbps Std 2 and 3 (5GHz) and 4 (17GHz) as wireless ATM-networks (up to 155 Mbps)
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1997 Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11

IEEE standard 2.4 2.5 GHz and infrared 2 Mbps
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1997 Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11

IEEE standard 2.4 2.5 GHz and infrared 2 Mbps
1998 Spec. GSM successors

UMTS (European proposal for IMT-2000) Iridium
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A brief history of wireless communication V
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1999 Standardization of additional wireless LANs
IEEE standard 802.11b, 2.42.5GHz, 11Mbps Bluetooth, 2.4GHz, < 1Mbps IMT-2000: UMTS, cdma2000, DECT, . . . Start of WAP
rst step unied Internet/mobile mobile phone for access to many services
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2000 GSM with higher data rates

HSCSD: up to 57.6 kbps rst GPRS trials up to 50 kbps (packet oriented) bankruptcy of Iridium
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2000 GSM with higher data rates

HSCSD: up to 57.6 kbps rst GPRS trials up to 50 kbps (packet oriented) bankruptcy of Iridium
2001 Start of 3G systems

Cdma2000 in Korea UMTS tests in Europe Foma (almost UMTS) in Japan
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A brief history of wireless communication VI
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2002 WLAN hot-spots started to spread
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2002 WLAN hot-spots started to spread 2003 DVB-T started to replace analog TV
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2002 WLAN hot-spots started to spread 2003 DVB-T started to replace analog TV 2005
WiMax started as DSL alternative rst zigBee products
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2006
HSDPA started WLAN draft for 250 Mbps (802.11n) using MIMO WPA2 mandatory for Wi-Fi WLAN devices
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2006
2008
real internet availability on mobile phones 7.2 Mbps HSDPA, 1.4 Mbps HSUPA rst LTE tests (>100 Mbps)
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2006
2008
2009 netbooks, iphones, VoIPoWLAN, . . .

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2006
2008
2009 netbooks, iphones, VoIPoWLAN, . . . 2010 LTE became more available

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Aspects of Mobile Communications
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Aspects of Mobile Communications Mobile networks: ad-hoc and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies
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Aspects of Mobile Communications Mobile networks: ad-hoc and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies Mobile hardware: mobile devices or device components
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Aspects of Mobile Communications Mobile networks: ad-hoc and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies Mobile hardware: mobile devices or device components Mobile software: characteristics and requirements of mobile applications
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Major Driver: Computing
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Major Driver: Computing Computers are integrated (95% embedded systems!)

small, cheap, portable, replaceable -no more separate devices
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Technology is in the background

computer are aware of their environment and adapt (location awareness) computer recognize the location of the user and react appropriately (e.g., call forwarding, fax forwarding, context awareness)
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Technology is in the background

computer are aware of their environment and adapt (location awareness) computer recognize the location of the user and react appropriately (e.g., call forwarding, fax forwarding, context awareness)
Advances in technology
more computing power in smaller devices at, lightweight displays with low power consumption new user interfaces due to small dimensions more bandwidth per cubic meter multiple wireless interfaces: wireless LANs, wireless WANs, regional wireless telecommunication networks
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Limitations of Mobile Comms
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth:
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections .
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers.
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Wireless LANs: higher speed, inexpensive but very limited range.
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Wireless LANs: higher speed, inexpensive but very limited range. Security standards:
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Wireless LANs: higher speed, inexpensive but very limited range. Security standards: Dependent on public networks, hence careful use of VPN.
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Wireless LANs: higher speed, inexpensive but very limited range. Security standards: Dependent on public networks, hence careful use of VPN. VPN can easily be attacked
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Wireless LANs: higher speed, inexpensive but very limited range. Security standards: Dependent on public networks, hence careful use of VPN. VPN can easily be attacked Power consumption:
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Wireless LANs: higher speed, inexpensive but very limited range. Security standards: Dependent on public networks, hence careful use of VPN. VPN can easily be attacked Power consumption: Mostly rely on battery power
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Wireless LANs: higher speed, inexpensive but very limited range. Security standards: Dependent on public networks, hence careful use of VPN. VPN can easily be attacked Power consumption: Mostly rely on battery power Expensive batteries due to compact size of mobile devices
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Limitations of Mobile Comms Insufcient bandwidth: Mobile Internet access (using GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA 3G networks) is generally slower than direct cable connections . Available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Wireless LANs: higher speed, inexpensive but very limited range. Security standards: Dependent on public networks, hence careful use of VPN. VPN can easily be attacked Power consumption: Mostly rely on battery power Expensive batteries due to compact size of mobile devices Battery life
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Limitations of Mobile Computing (contd)
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Limitations of Mobile Computing (contd) Transmission interferences: Weather, terrain, and the range from the nearest signal point Reception in tunnels, some buildings, and rural areas
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Limitations of Mobile Computing (contd) Transmission interferences: Weather, terrain, and the range from the nearest signal point Reception in tunnels, some buildings, and rural areas Potential health hazards: Distractions whilst driving Not clear whether banning mobile device use while driving reduces accidents or not Interference with sensitive medical devices Signals causing health problems
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Limitations of Mobile Computing (contd) Transmission interferences: Weather, terrain, and the range from the nearest signal point Reception in tunnels, some buildings, and rural areas Potential health hazards: Distractions whilst driving Not clear whether banning mobile device use while driving reduces accidents or not Interference with sensitive medical devices Signals causing health problems Human interface with device: Smaller screen and keyboards Alternative input: speech, handwriting, etc
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Examples Services Devices Research areas
Applications Vehicles
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transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T
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transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T personal communication using GSM/UMTS/LTE
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transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T personal communication using GSM/UMTS/LTE position via GPS
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transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T personal communication using GSM/UMTS/LTE position via GPS local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents, guidance system, redundancy
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transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T personal communication using GSM/UMTS/LTE position via GPS local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents, guidance system, redundancy vehicle data (e.g., from busses, high-speed trains) can be transmitted in advance for maintenance
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Emergencies
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Emergencies
early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, rst diagnosis
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Emergencies
early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, rst diagnosis replacement of a xed infrastructure in case of earthquakes, hurricanes, re etc.
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Emergencies
early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, rst diagnosis replacement of a xed infrastructure in case of earthquakes, hurricanes, re etc. crisis, war, ...
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More Applications...
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More Applications... Traveling salesmen

direct access to customer les stored in a central location consistent databases for all agents mobile ofce
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Replacement of xed networks

remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities exibility for trade shows LANs in historic buildings
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Replacement of xed networks

remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities exibility for trade shows LANs in historic buildings
Entertainment, education, ...

outdoor Internet access intelligent travel guide with up-to-datelocation dependent information ad-hoc networks formulti user games
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Location dependent services
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Location aware services
what services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local environment
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Follow-on services
automatic call-forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to the current location
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Follow-on services
Information services
push: e.g., current special offers in the supermarket pull: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cheese Cake?
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Follow-on services
Support services
caches, intermediate results, state information etc. follow the mobile device through the xed network
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Follow-on services
Support services
caches, intermediate results, state information etc. follow the mobile device through the xed network
Privacy
who should gain knowledge about the location
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Effects of device portability
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Mobile Devices
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Wireless networks in comparison to xed networks
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Higher loss-rates due to interference: emissions of engines/lightning
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Higher loss-rates due to interference: emissions of engines/lightning Restrictive regulations of frequencies: frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied
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Higher loss-rates due to interference: emissions of engines/lightning Restrictive regulations of frequencies: frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied Lower transmission rates: local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or about 150 kbit/s using EDGE soon Mbit/s with LTE
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Higher loss-rates due to interference: emissions of engines/lightning Restrictive regulations of frequencies: frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied Lower transmission rates: local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or about 150 kbit/s using EDGE soon Mbit/s with LTE Higher delays, higher jitter: connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems - soon in ms range with LTE
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Higher loss-rates due to interference: emissions of engines/lightning Restrictive regulations of frequencies: frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied Lower transmission rates: local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or about 150 kbit/s using EDGE soon Mbit/s with LTE Higher delays, higher jitter: connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems - soon in ms range with LTE Lower security, simpler active attacking: radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones
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Higher loss-rates due to interference: emissions of engines/lightning Restrictive regulations of frequencies: frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied Lower transmission rates: local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or about 150 kbit/s using EDGE soon Mbit/s with LTE Higher delays, higher jitter: connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems - soon in ms range with LTE Lower security, simpler active attacking: radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones Always shared medium: secure access mechanisms important
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Areas of research in mobile comms
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Wireless Communications
transmission quality (BW, error rate, delay) modulation, coding, interference media access, regulations ...
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Mobility
location dependent services location transparency QoS support (delay, jitter, security) ...
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Mobility
location dependent services location transparency QoS support (delay, jitter, security) ...
Portability
power consumption limited computing power limited sizes of display usability ...
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Network protocols Layered Model Overlay Networks
Network protocol model
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Layered model of mobile communications
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Overlay Networks
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Assignment Find 2-3 papers in the IEEE/ACM journals on mobile & ad hoc networks Write up short report on these papers, up to 4 pages Report should be written in English as a review paper Cite/mention the papers detail clearly in the report
A Report format: L TEX, Word, or pdf
Papers and report must be submitted by email to ipg@bakrie.ac.id Email Subject: [MANET] Report 01 < Name >< StudentNo > Due date: by Thursday, 27 February 2014, 23:59 WIB Notes No two students should discuss/review the same paper! Doing so will incur discount on your mark

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Mobile & Ad Hoc Networks

Irwan Prasetya Gunawan, Ph.D

Prepared for Postgraduate Studies of Telecommunications Engineering, ITTelkom

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the course

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the course

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the course

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the course

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

Why mobile communications?

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

Why mobile communications?

Largest SW/HW/networked system

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

Why mobile communications?

Largest SW/HW/networked system Largest number of subscribers

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

Why mobile communications?

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

Why mobile communications?

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

Why mobile communications?

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

Why mobile communications?

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

A brief history of wireless communication

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

A brief history of wireless communication

1896 Guglielmo Marconi

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

A brief history of wireless communication

1896 Guglielmo Marconi

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

A brief history of wireless communication

1896 Guglielmo Marconi

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations

A brief history of wireless communication

1896 Guglielmo Marconi

1907 Commercial transatlantic connections

About the Course Introduction Applications Protocols

Why mobile communications? Brief history Aspects of Mobile Communications Limitations