 Presented by:-

 Gosrani Jay
 Gandhi Khushbu
 Chavda Rakesh
 Khimani Mayur
 Thobhani Komal


 Guided by:-
 Prof. Krupa Shah
 Motivation
Think Outside the Box for Motivation
CONTENT
 Terms related to motivation
 Morale
 Morale vs. Motivation
 Elements of Motivation
 Myths
 Nature of Motivation
 Importance of Motivation
 Theories of Motivation
 Techniques of Motivation
 Current Issues
 Performance
 Golden Mantras of Motivation
 The Case - Jaguar


MOTIVATION - ISRO
The Polar Sat ellit e Launch Vehicle’s (PSLV) lift - off
has been t he result of 12 years of
- developm ent al work,
- t ransfer of t echnology,
- com plex project m anagem ent and
- dedicat ed work by t housands in ISRO.
The secret behind t he success of ISRO has been it s
m ot ivat ed em ployees.



TERMS RELATED TO
MOTIVATION
Origin : Lat in ‘Movere’= ‘t o m ove’
“ Dynam ic force which set s a person int o m ot ion”
MOTIVE
 “A motive is an inner state that energizes, activates, or moves
and that directs behaviour towards goals.”

MOTIVATING
 “MOTIVATING is a term which implies that one person, in the
organizational context, a manager, induces another, say
employee, to engage in action (work behaviour).”

MOTIVATION
 “MOTIVATION is the complex forces starting and keeping a
person at work in an organization. Motivation is something
that moves the person to action, and continues him in the
course of action already initiated.”
 - DUBIN.

MOTIVATION - WALMART
Respect for t he individual.
Em ployees are t he biggest asset s.
Em ployees are called “ASSOCIATES.”
Im port ance t o diversit y init iat ives.

MORALE
 Moral is mental condition or attitude of individuals or groups
which determines their willingness to cooperate.


MORALE
 What it is?  What it dose?
- An attitude of mind Affects

- An espirit de corps - Output
- A state of well being - Quality
- An emotional force - Costs
-
- Discipline
 Where it resides? - Enthusiasm
- Minds - Cooperation
- Attitudes
- Emotions of group &
individuals
-

-
MOTIVATION VS. MORALE
Motivation
 Morale

- An
 individual willingness - A groups’ state of mind
- Behaviour & performance - Interacting forces
- High degree of morale - Low degree of motivation
- Rewards & Panelties - Positive & Fevourable means
- Extensive study & Research - Less researched subject
- -

-
Retained Motivation is the Key
to Finishing your Race with
Success
Do you not know that
those who run in a
race all run, but one
receives the prize?
Run in such a way that
you may obtain it.

MYTHS ABOUT EMPLOYEE
MOTIVATION
 “I can motivate people”
 “Money is a good motivator”
 “Fear is a damn good motivator”
 “I know what motivates me, so I know what motivates my
employees”
 “Increased job satisfaction means increased job performance”
ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION
Practical Example - Biocon
 Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, CEO of BIOCON
Industries believes in an open and
supportive culture.


 Motivation comes from Empowerment.



 Biocon is very successful in retaining

employees.


 “We can’t think of working for another

company. It’s either Biocon or
nowhere.”


-
NATURE OF MOTIVATION
 Personal and Internal Feeling
 Goal – directed Behaviour
 A Continuous Process
 A Complex Process
 System – oriented
 Either Positive or Negative
 Different from Job Satisfaction
IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION
 Higher Efficiency
 Optimum Utilization of Resources
 Reduction in Labour Turnover
 Better Industrial Relations
 Easier Selection
 Facilitates Change

Practical Example -
Microsoft
 Motivation comes from
recognition


 “Compensation is a right, but

recognition, however, is a gift
which validates the
importance of their work.” –
Steve Ballmer
Motivation is the Key to
Continued Fruitfulness
 This makes the way
clear for achieving
the sweetness of
fruits i.e. success.

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
McClelland
(1985),
Mayo
(1927-32),
Maslow
(1954)

Herzberg Taylor
(1959), (1911),
McGregor Drucker
(1960) (1954).
Theories of Motivation
 Traditional Theories
of Motivation
Maslow’s Need
Hierarchy Theory
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Theory
Abraham Maslow


 an American psychologist
 proposed the hierarchy of human needs
 father of Humanism in psychology
 Self-actualization theory




Abraham Maslow
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Theory
Hierarchy of Needs

(1990’s eight st age

m odel based on
Maslow)
D e sir e t o b e a n Ach ie ve r.
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Theory
 Research evidence
 Flexible hierarchy of needs

 Satisfaction of one need level may not decrease its

importance and increase importance of next need level.

 Needs vary according to:

 A person’s career stage.

 Organizational size.

 Geographic location.

 Across Cultures

Douglas McGregor’s


Theory - “X” & “Y”

Douglas McGregor’s Theory
 Theory “X” - Pessimistic Theory “ Y” - Opt im ist ic
 Employees dislike work ; if Em ployees love work as play or
possible will avoid the rest .
same. 

 

 

 

 They have innovat ive spirit ,

 They have little ambition, accept & seek responsibilit ies,
tend to shun self direct ed & self cont rolled.

responsibility and prefer
to be directed



Douglas McGregor’s Theory
 Herzberg’s


Motivation Theory
H e r zb e r g ’ s M ot iva t ion Th e or y
 Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are created by
different factors.
 Intrinsic factors that create job satisfaction.
 Extrinsic factors that create a job dissatisfaction.



H e r zb e r g ’ s M ot iva t ion Th e or y

Ext rem ely Sat isfied Neut ral Ext rem ely dissat isfied
Herzberg’s Motivation
Theory
 Research evidence
 Theory fails to:

 Account for individual differences.

 Link motivation & needs to both satisfaction &

performance.
 Consider cultural & professional differences.
 ( Ex- Theory applicable to knowledge workers. For
blue collar workers maintenance factors maybe
motivators)

 Contemporary
Theories of Motivation
Alderfer’s ERG


Theory
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
 Developed by Clayton Alderfer.
 Collapses Maslow’s eight categories into three categories:
existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs.
 More than one need category may be activated at the same
time.
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
ERG Theory vs. Needs
Hierarchy
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
Research evidence


 Supporting evidence is encouraging.

 Offers a more flexible approach to understanding human
needs.

McClelland’s


Three Needs
Theory
McClelland’s Three-Needs
Theory
There are t hree m ajor acquired needs t hat are m ajor
m ot ives in work.
Vroom’s Expectancy
Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
 Developed by Victor Vroom.
 A person’s motivation is a multiplicative function of:

 Expectancy.

 Instrumentality

 Valence.
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
 Key to the theory is understanding and managing employee
goals and the linkages among and between effort,
performance and rewards.
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

Effort Performance Reward

X X
Valence of
Expectancy Instrumentality
reward

MOTIVATION Role
Abilities perceptions
and traits &
opportunities
JOB
PERFORMANCE
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Research evidence


 Theory has received substantial empirical support.

 Multiplier effect is subject to some question.
 May be useful to distinguish between extrinsic rewards and
intrinsic rewards.
 Does not specify which rewards will motivate particular
groups of workers, thereby allowing for cross-cultural
differences.
Su cce ssf u l M ot iva t ion In volve s:
 Getting people to do what
you want them to do.
 When you want them to do
it
 The way you want them to
do it
 Because they want to do it

D e sir e t o b e Re w a r d e d .
To be rewarded what we
always need is a m ot ivat ed
behaviour so as t o rem ain
workaholic.


Rewarded wit h nam e, fam e,

prom ot ion, incent ives,
com m ission et c
TECHNIQUES OF MOTIVATION
TECHNIQUES OF MOTIVATION
 Monetary Reward
 Performance Bonus
Monetary
 Profit – sharing
 Retirement Pay
 Vacation Pay
Practical Example - IBM
 Motivation – monetary techniques.
 Increase in Workers’ Pay and Bonuses.
 This Increase the varied performance of the employees.
 IBM provides “healthy living” incentives. Investment in
employee health is prevention for healthy lifestyles.
TECHNIQUES OF MOTIVATION
 Recognition of work
 Job Security
Non Monetary
 Team Spirit
 Competition
 Status
D e sir e f or Re cog n it ion
 When people receive
recognition or
affirmation for their
efforts it has a
positive motivational
effect on them.


 Just a few words of

encouragement are
worth their weight in
gold
CURRENT ISSUES IN
MOTIVATION
 Compressed Workweek
 Flexible work hours
 Job sharing
 Telecommuting
 Pay of Performance System
 Open-book management
MOTIVATION AND
PERFORMANCE
 PERFORMANCE =f (ABILITY * MOTIVATION)


Factors Affecting Performance



 Nature of Work
 Work Environment
 Supervision
 Monetory Reward
 Workers’ participation in Mgt.
 Group Dymamics

GOLDEN MANTRAS OF
MOTIVATION
 Set a major goal, but follow a path
 Finish what you start.
 Socialize with others of similar interest.
 Harmonize natural talent with interest that motivates.
 Increase knowledge of subjects that inspires.
 Learn how to learn.
 Take risk.
 Self Motivation
Case - Jaguar
Case - Jaguar
Jaguar Cars Limited
Founded 4 September 1922
(as Swallow Sidecar Company)

Headquarters Coventry, England

Key people Ratan Tata, Chairman
David Smith, CEO

Products Automobiles

Owner(S) Tata Motors

Employees 20,000

Parent Jaguar Land Rover

Case - Jaguar


 Challenge
 Jaguar was looking for a system that was fitted for the
internal communication as well for the employee
motivation.

 Solution
 Netpresenter as an informative communication system &
motivational tool.

 Benefits
 Netpresenterensures that employees are better informed
of the policy of the Marketing and sales department,
and as a consequence of this, they feel more involved.
Their company pride is being reinforced.


M ot iva t ion Th r ou g h Te a m Sp ir it
 Five of you shall chase a hundred, and a hundred of you shall
put ten thousand to flight; your enemies shall fall by the
sword before you.
Bibliography
 Reference Books
 Stephen P. Robbins, Management, 7th Edition, Pearson
Education
 Thomas S. Bateman, Management Competing in the New
Era, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publication
 C. B. Gupta, Management Theory and Practice,
Sultanchand and Sons

 Websites
 www.google.com
 www.businessballs.com
 www.motivation.co.in
