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Issues Related to Early Childhood Institution:CHILD CARE SERVICES(Written Report)
Prepared by Viado, Danesa CrisostomoIII – 3 BECEdProfessor Zenaida H. BriosoECEd 13 – Organization and Management of Child Development Program
 
Types of Child Care Services
Child care is offered in many places, by many types of persons and agencies whoprovide a variety of care and services. A program may operate twenty-four hours a day,with the center or home open to admit children at any hour. There are also whole-dayprograms that usually operate on a 6:30 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. schedule to accommodateworking parents. Half-day programs, such as those operated in many Head Start centers,usually run from 8:30 or 9:00 A.M. to 1:00 or 2:00 P.M., although many are becoming full-day programs. Parents who work usually supplement half-day programs with other forms of child care or with a baby-sitter (Morrison, 1998).
Full Child and Family Programs
Family-centered programs go beyond providing child care. They help parents copewith daily living problems and enhance their parenting skills, and otherwise assist parents.In this regard, child and family programs are linking up with other agencies, such as healthclinics, so that they can meet children’s, parent’s and families’ needs.
Child Care by Family and Relatives
Children are cared for by grandparents, aunts, uncles, or other relatives. Thesearrangements satisfy parents’ needs to have their children cared for by people with similarlifestyles and values. Such care may be less costly, and compensation may be made inways other than direct monetary payments. For example, one couple converted part of theirhouse into an efficiency apartment where an elderly aunt lives rent-free in return for caringfor the couple’s two-year old child. These types of arrangements allow children to remain infamiliar environments with people they know. Child care by family members provideschildren with continuity and a sense of safety and security.
Family Day care
When child care is provided in a child’s own family or family-like setting, it is knownas family daycare. In this arrangement, an individual caregiver provides care and educationfor a small group of children in her or his home. Eleven percent of children under five inchild care are in family daycare. Family daycare generally involves three types of settings:homes that are unlicensed by regulatory agencies, and homes that are licensed andassociated with an administrative agency.
Intergenerational Child Care
Intergenerational child care programs take two forms. One kind integrates childrenand the elderly into an early childhood and adult care facility. The elderly derive pleasureand feelings of competence from helping care for and interact with children and youngchildren receive attention and love from older caregivers. In today’s mobile society, familiesoften live long distances from each other, and children may be isolated from the care thatgrandparents can offer. Intergenerational programs blend the best of two worlds: childrenand the elderly both receive care and attention in a nurturing environment.A second type of intergenerational child care utilizes older adults, often retirees, asemployees and volunteers to help care for children. Older citizens are valuable and oftenuntapped resources of skills and knowledge who have much to offer children and programs.
 
Center Child Care
Care of children in center settings, also called center child care or group child care, isconducted in specially designed and constructed centers, YMCAs and YWCAs, and other suchsettings. Many center programs are comprehensive, providing a full-range of services.Some are baby-sitting programs, while some offer less than good custodial care. The qualityof day care services among settings depends on those who provide the services, whichmakes conclusively defining child care difficult.
Employer-Sponsored Child Care Programs
 Today, almost everyone is expected to work, including women with young children.But many of society’s institutions were designed during an era of male breadwinners andfemale homemakers. What we need now are child care programs and workplace policiesthat ensure that both women and men can participate fully in their jobs and careers and stillhave time and resources to invest in their children.New responses to child care arise as more and more parents enter the work force. The most rapidly growing segment of the work force, in fact, is married women with childrenunder one year of age. To meet the needs of working parents, employers are increasinglycalled on to provide affordable, accessible, quality child care. Corporate-supported childcare is one of the fastest-growing employee benefits.
Baby-sitters
Children are their parents’ most valuable assets, so parents should not seek thelowest common denominator either in quality or pay when deciding about the kind of personto whom they will entrust their children. Early childhood professionals should encourageparents to look for the following important qualities in anyone who acts as a baby-sitter:
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 The necessary age and maturity to provide basic care for children.
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Education in providing child care.
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Basic training in first aid and emergency procedures.
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 Trustworthiness.
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Childrearing values that agree with those of the parents.
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Neatness, good-grooming, and acceptable verbal skills.
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Good recommendations and references from others.
Drop-In or Casual Child Care
Many parents with part-time jobs or flexible schedules need a place to leave theirchildren. Some child care services meet such needs with storefront child care centers, childcare services in shopping centers, and parents who do occasional baby-sitting in theirhomes. These services are convenient, but do have drawbacks. First, the quality of caremay be low simply because the children are transient, and it is difficult to build continuityinto a program whose population base is unstable. In addition, such sporadic contact withstrangers can be stressful to children.
Military Child Care
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