Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GIO TRNH
H ni, 01/2004
MC LC
1 Chng I - Tng quan Mng My Tnh........................................................... 1 1.1 Kin thc c bn........................................................................................ 1 S lc lch s pht trin: .................................................................. 1 Khi nim c bn ............................................................................... 1 Phn bit cc loi mng...................................................................... 2 Mng ton cu Internet: ..................................................................... 4 M hnh OSI (Open Systems Interconnect)....................................... 4 Cc giao thc trong m hnh OSI ............................................... 5 Cc chc nng ch yu ca cc tng ca m hnh OSI. ............. 6 Lung d liu trong OSI........................................................... 11 TCP/IP ...................................................................................... 12 NetBEUI ................................................................................... 12 IPX/SPX ................................................................................... 12 DECnet...................................................................................... 12 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5
1.1.5.1 1.1.5.2 1.1.5.3 1.1.6 1.1.6.1 1.1.6.2 1.1.6.3 1.1.6.4 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2
B giao thc TCP/IP................................................................................ 12 Tng quan v b giao thc TCP/IP.................................................. 12 Mt s giao thc c bn trong b giao thc TCP/IP ....................... 15 Giao thc lin mng IP (Internet Protocol): ............................. 15 Giao thc UDP (User Datagram Protocol)............................... 27 Giao thc TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ..................... 28
1.2.2.1 1.2.2.2 1.2.2.3 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6 1.4 2 2.1
Gii thiu mt s cc dch v c bn trn mng ..................................... 30 Dch v truy nhp t xa Telnet ........................................................ 30 Dch v truyn tp (FTP) ................................................................. 30 Dch v Gopher ................................................................................ 31 Dch v WAIS.................................................................................. 31 Dch v World Wide Web ............................................................... 31 Dch v th in t (E-Mail) ........................................................... 32
2.1.1.1 2.1.1.2 2.1.1.3 2.1.1.4 2.1.2 2.1.2.1 2.1.2.2 2.1.2.3 2.1.3 2.1.4
Mng dng hnh sao (Star topology). ....................................... 35 Mng hnh tuyn (Bus Topology). ........................................... 36 Mng dng vng (Ring Topology). .......................................... 37 Mng dng kt hp. .................................................................. 37 Giao thc CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Giao thc truyn th bi (Token passing)................................. 38 Giao thc FDDI. ....................................................................... 39
Cc loi ng truyn v cc chun ca chng ............................... 40 H thng cp mng dng cho LAN. ................................................ 42 Cp xon ................................................................................... 42 Cp ng trc............................................................................ 42 Cp si quang (Fiber - Optic Cable)......................................... 43 H thng cp c cu trc theo chun TIA/EIA 568 ................. 44 Cc yu cu cho mt h thng cp ........................................... 46 B lp tn hiu (Repeater)......................................................... 47 B tp trung (Hub).................................................................... 48 Cu (Bridge) ............................................................................. 49 B chuyn mch (Switch)......................................................... 53 B nh tuyn(Router) .............................................................. 53 B chuyn mch c nh tuyn (Layer 3 switch) ..................... 57
2.1.4.1 2.1.4.2 2.1.4.3 2.1.4.4 2.1.4.5 2.1.5 2.1.5.1 2.1.5.2 2.1.5.3 2.1.5.4 2.1.5.5 2.1.5.6 2.1.6 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2
Cc h iu hnh mng .................................................................... 57 Gii thiu chung v Ethernet ........................................................... 58 Cc c tnh chung ca Ethernet...................................................... 59 Cu trc khung tin Ethernet...................................................... 59 Cu trc a ch Ethernet .......................................................... 60 Cc loi khung Ethernet............................................................ 60 Hot ng ca Ethernet ............................................................ 61
II
2.3.1.1 2.3.1.2 2.3.1.3 2.3.1.4 2.3.1.5 2.3.2 2.3.2.1 2.3.2.2 2.3.3 2.3.3.1 2.3.3.2 2.3.3.3 2.3.3.4 2.4 2.4.1
Mc ch ca phn on mng ................................................. 65 Phn on mng bng Repeater................................................ 65 Phn on mng bng cu ni .................................................. 67 Phn on mng bng router .................................................... 68 Phn on mng bng b chuyn mch.................................... 69 Chuyn mch lu-v-chuyn ( store- and- forward switching )70 Chuyn mch ngay (cut-through switching) ............................ 70 To mng LAN o vi mt b chuyn mch ........................... 71 To mng LAN o vi nhiu b chuyn mch......................... 72 Cch xy dng mng LAN o .................................................. 72 u im v nhc im ca mng LAN o............................. 73
Thit k mng LAN................................................................................. 74 M hnh c bn. ............................................................................... 74 M hnh phn cp (Hierarchical models) ................................. 74 M hnh an ninh-an ton(Secure models)................................. 75 2.4.1.1 2.4.1.2
Cc yu cu thit k ......................................................................... 75 Cc bc thit k.............................................................................. 76 Xy dng mng LAN quy m mt to nh...................................... 77 H thng mng bao gm:.......................................................... 77 Phn tch yu cu:..................................................................... 78 Thit k h thng ...................................................................... 79
Tm tt chng 2..................................................................................... 85 Cc kin thc c bn v WAN. ............................................................... 86 Khi nim v WAN.......................................................................... 86 Mng WAN l g ?.................................................................... 86 Cc li ch v chi ph khi kt ni WAN. .................................. 87 Nhng im cn ch khi thit k WAN ................................ 88 Mng chuyn mch (Circuit Swiching Network)..................... 89 3.1.1.1 3.1.1.2 3.1.1.3
3.1.2
3.1.2.1
III
3.1.2.2 3.1.2.3 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.3.1 3.1.4.1 3.1.4.2 3.1.4.3 3.1.4.4 3.1.4.5 3.1.4.6 3.1.5 3.2 3.2.1
Mng chuyn gi (Packet Switching Network)...................... 105 Kt ni WAN dng VPN........................................................ 115 Giao thc PPP......................................................................... 116 Router (B nh tuyn) ........................................................... 118 Chuyn mch WAN................................................................ 118 Access Server.......................................................................... 119 Modem .................................................................................... 120 CSU/DSU ............................................................................... 123 ISDN terminal Adaptor........................................................... 123
Giao thc kt ni WAN c bn trong mng TCP/IP. .................... 116 Cc thit b dng cho kt ni WAN ............................................... 118
nh gi v so snh mt s cng ngh dng cho kt ni WAN.... 124 Cc m hnh WAN......................................................................... 125 M hnh phn cp ................................................................... 125 Cc m hnh tp.................................................................... 127 An ninh-an ton mng l g ?.................................................. 127 Xy dng m hnh an ninh-an ton khi kt ni WAN............ 130 Mt s cng c trin khai m hnh an ton-an ninh ............... 131 Bo mt thng tin trn mng .................................................. 136
3.2.2
IV
Mng my tnh ra i xut pht t nhu cu mun chia s v dng chung d liu. Khng c h thng mng th d liu trn cc my tnh c lp mun chia s vi nhau phi thng qua vic in n hay sao chp qua a mm, CD ROM, iu ny
gy rt nhiu bt tin cho ngi dng. Cc my tnh c kt ni thnh mng cho php cc kh nng: S dng chung cc cng c tin ch Chia s kho d liu dng chung Tng tin cy ca h thng Trao i thng ip, hnh nh, Dng chung cc thit b ngoi vi (my in, my v, Fax, modem ) Gim thiu chi ph v thi gian i li.