Jean Carbonare n\u2019est plus. Celui a incarn\u00e9 la conscience fran\u00e7aise au Rwanda \u2013 cette conscience qui aura tant fait d\u00e9faut. Il est l\u2019homme qui, devant des millions de t\u00e9l\u00e9spectateurs, aura d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 non seule- ment la pr\u00e9paration g\u00e9nocide des Tutsi, mais aussi \u00ab notre pays, qui supporte militairement et financi\u00e8rement ce syst\u00e8me \u00bb.\u00ab Nous

Farnel le rencontrait, pour la Nuit rwandaise. Il d\u00e9couvrait alors celui qui \u00ab faute d\u2019\u00eatre parvenu \u00e0 mobiliser l\u2019opinion \u00bb avant, \u00e9tait retourn\u00e9 au Rwanda, apr\u00e8s, pour fabriquer des briques pour les maisons destin\u00e9es \u00e0 accueillir les veuves du g\u00e9nocide.

D\ue000ns les \ue000nn\u00e9es so\ue002x\ue000nte, Je\ue000n C\ue000rbon\ue000re rebo\ue002s\ue000 l\u2019Est \ue000l\ue001\u00e9r\ue002en, f\ue000\ue002s\ue000nt, s\ue000ns en t\ue002rer le mo\ue002ndre prof\ue002t f\ue002n\ue000nc\ue002er, v\ue002vre plus de qu\ue000r\ue000nte m\ue002lle f\ue000m\ue002lles, \ue000v\ue000nt d\u2019\ue002n\ue002t\ue002er, \ue000u S\u00e9n\u00e9\ue001\ue000l, une product\ue002on de b\ue000n\ue000nes qu\ue002, en en f\ue000\ue002s\ue000nt, elle, v\ue002vre pr\u00e8s de v\ue002n\ue001t-c\ue002nq m\ue002lle, s\u2019\ue000v\u00e8re \ue000ssurer \ue000ujourd\u2019hu\ue002 plus de l\ue000 mo\ue002t\ue002\u00e9 de l\ue000 product\ue002on du p\ue000ys.

En m\ue000rs 2008, je me su\ue002s d\u00e9pl\ue000c\u00e9 d\ue000ns l\ue000 Dr\u00f4me proven\u00e7\ue000le, \u00e0 D\ue002eulef\ue002t, o\u00f9 \ue002l v\ue002v\ue000\ue002t \ue000lors \ue000vec son \u00e9pouse, \ue000f\ue002n d\u2019\ue000ss\ue002ster \u00e0 une conf\u00e9rence donn\u00e9e p\ue000r l\u2019\u00e9cr\ue002v\ue000\ue002n Yol\ue000nde Muk\ue000\ue001\ue000s\ue000n\ue000, une resc\ue000p\u00e9e du \ue001\u00e9noc\ue002de des Tuts\ue002 du R\ue003\ue000nd\ue000. Je\ue000n C\ue000rbon\ue000re \ue000ss\ue002st\ue000\ue002t \u00e0 cette conf\u00e9rence qu\ue002 se ten\ue000\ue002t d\ue000ns l\ue000 m\ue000\ue002son fr\ue000ternelle \ue000pp\ue000rten\ue000nt \u00e0 l\u2019E\ue001l\ue002se r\u00e9form\u00e9e. C\ue000rbon\ue000re est protes- t\ue000nt, d\ue000ns une r\u00e9\ue001\ue002on o\u00f9, depu\ue002s des s\ue002\u00e8cles, r\u00e8\ue001ne l\ue000 tol\u00e9r\ue000nce en m\ue000\u00eetresse \ue000bsolue, de telle sorte que l\ue000 m\ue000jor\ue002t\u00e9 c\ue000thol\ue002que y \ue000 toujours tr\u00e8s b\ue002en \ue000ccept\u00e9 l\ue000 m\ue002nor\ue002t\u00e9 protest\ue000nte.

d\u00e9couvert l\u2019ex\ue002stence en octobre 1975, \ue000lors qu\u2019\ue000vec s\ue000 femme \ue002ls \ue000v\ue000\ue002ent ouvert leur m\ue000\ue002son de D\ue000k\ue000r \ue000ux \u00e9tud\ue002\ue000nts \ue000fr\ue002c\ue000\ue002ns, heureux de retrouver chez eux une \ue000tmosph\u00e8re f\ue000m\ue002l\ue002\ue000le. Ch\ue000cun \u00e9t\ue000\ue002t venu se pr\u00e9senter \u00e0 tour de r\u00f4le. il y \ue000v\ue000\ue002t not\ue000mment l\u00e0 le R\ue003\ue000nd\ue000\ue002s Ez\u00e9ch\ue002\ue000s R\ue003\ue000buh\ue002h\ue0021, \ue000lors r\u00e9fu\ue001\ue002\u00e9 \ue000u S\u00e9n\u00e9\ue001\ue000l su\ue002te \ue000ux po\ue001roms qu\ue002, d\ue000ns les \ue000nn\u00e9es 60 et 70 v\ue002s\ue000\ue002ent les Tuts\ue002 du R\ue003\ue000nd\ue000. C\u2019est \u00e0 cet \ue002nst\ue000nt que le p\ue000ys des m\ue002lle coll\ue002nes s\u2019\u00e9t\ue000\ue002t donc \ue002nv\ue002t\u00e9 pour l\ue000 prem\ue002\u00e8re fo\ue002s d\ue000ns l\ue000 v\ue002e de Je\ue000n C\ue000rbon\ue000re qu\ue002 \ue002\ue001no- r\ue000\ue002t encore \u00e0 quel po\ue002nt ce tout pet\ue002t p\ue000ys \ue000ll\ue000\ue002t h\ue000nter les dern\ue002\u00e8res \ue000nn\u00e9es de s\ue000 v\ue002e.

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, \ue002l \u00e9t\ue000\ue002t pourt\ue000nt cens\u00e9 \ue000vo\ue002r pr\ue002s s\ue000 retr\ue000\ue002te \u00e0 D\ue002eulef\ue002t. Une retr\ue000\ue002te b\ue002en \ue000ct\ue002ve, pu\ue002squ\u2019\ue002l \ue000v\ue000\ue002t d\u00e9j\u00e0, de l\ue000 Dr\u00f4me, m\ue002s en route, \ue000u B\u00e9n\ue002n, un pro\ue001r\ue000mme de m\ue002cro cr\u00e9d\ue002t touch\ue000nt plus\ue002eurs m\ue002ll\ue002ers de f\ue000m\ue002lles.

il me conf\ue002\ue000, d\ue000ns une lettre qu\u2019\ue002l me rem\ue002t \u00e0 l\u2019occ\ue000s\ue002on de m\ue000 v\ue002s\ue002te en s\ue000 demeure, le souven\ue002r de ce qu\u2019\ue002l \ue000v\ue000\ue002t \u00e9prouv\u00e9 \ue000u cours de ce voy\ue000\ue001e \ue000u R\ue003\ue000nd\ue000. il \ue000v\ue000\ue002t, lors de cette m\ue002ss\ue002on, d\u00e9couvert que son p\ue000ys \u00ab f\ue000is\ue000it l\ue000

c\u2019\u00e9t\ue000it l\ue000 disp\ue000riti\ue006\ue005 pur\ue002 \ue002t si\ue004pl\ue002 \ue000u \ue001\ue000rr\ue000\ue003\ue002. \u00bbarr\u00eat\u00e9 \u00e0 ces b\ue000rr\ue002\u00e8res \u00ab t\ue006us l\ue002s dix kil\ue006\ue004\u00e8tr\ue002s \ue000u \ue004\ue000xi\ue004u\ue004 \u00bb, Je\ue000n \ue000v\ue000\ue002t d\u00fb se r\u00e9soudre \u00e0 \ue000dmettre l\u2019\u00e9v\ue002dence : \u00ab Sur c\ue002rt\ue000i\ue005s, \ue005\ue006us r\ue002\ue004\ue000rqui\ue006\ue005s, \ue000v\ue002c u\ue005 c\ue002rt\ue000i\ue005 \ue004\ue000l\ue000is\ue002, l\ue000 pr\u00e9s\ue002\ue005c\ue002 d\ue002 s\ue006ld\ue000ts fr\ue000\ue005\u00e7\ue000is. \u00bb Ce qu\ue002 l\u2019\ue000v\ue000\ue002t surpr\ue002s, c\u2019\u00e9t\ue000\ue002t l\ue000 \ue001\u00e9n\u00e9r\ue000l\ue002s\ue000t\ue002on de cette v\ue002olence

ti\ue006\ue005 s\ue002 tr\ue006uv\ue000i\ue002\ue005t p\ue002u \u00e0 p\ue002u \ue002\ue005f\ue002r\ue004\u00e9s l\ue002s \ue003\ue002\ue005s qu\u2019(ils \u00e9t\ue000i\ue002\ue005t) c\ue002\ue005s\u00e9s \u00eatr\ue002 v\ue002\ue005us pr\ue006- t\u00e9\ue003\ue002r \u00bb.il \u00e9t\ue000\ue002t revenu en Fr\ue000nce \ue000vec l\ue000 ferme \ue002ntent\ue002on d\u2019\u00ab \ue000l\ue002rt\ue002r l\ue002s \ue000ut\ue006ri- t\u00e9s p\ue006litiqu\ue002s \ue002t r\ue002li\ue003i\ue002us\ue002s \u00bb.L\u2019\ue000vert\ue002ssement d\u2019albert E\ue002nste\ue002n, reconn\ue000\u00eet lu\ue002-

m\u00eame C\ue000rbon\ue000re, \ue000ur\ue000 \ue000\ue002ns\ue002 \ue002nsp\ue002r\u00e9 les \ue001r\ue000ndes l\ue002\ue001nes qu\ue002 or\ue002ent\u00e8rent \ue000uss\ue002 b\ue002en s\ue000 r\u00e9flex\ue002on que son \ue000ct\ue002on : \u00ab n\ue006us viv\ue006\ue005s d\ue000\ue005s u\ue005 \ue004\ue006\ue005d\ue002 d\ue002 vi\ue006l\ue002\ue005c\ue002 \u00bb, \ue000v\ue000\ue002t d\u2019\ue000bord const\ue000t\u00e9 le phys\ue002c\ue002en, \ue000v\ue000nt de cons\ue002d\u00e9rer que\u00ab l\ue002 d\ue000\ue005\ue003\ue002r \ue005\ue002

il est temps de reven\ue002r sur les cond\ue002t\ue002ons d\ue000ns lesquelles des m\ue002ll\ue002ons de t\u00e9l\u00e9spect\ue000teurs fr\ue000n\u00e7\ue000\ue002s entend\ue002rent, plus d\u2019un \ue000n \ue000v\ue000nt l\ue000 r\u00e9\ue000l\ue002s\ue000t\ue002on de l\ue000 terr\ue002ble proph\u00e9t\ue002e, qu\u2019un \ue001\u00e9noc\ue002de, ou\ue002 un \ue001\u00e9noc\ue002de, \u00e9t\ue000\ue002t en cours de pr\u00e9- p\ue000r\ue000t\ue002on \ue000u R\ue003\ue000nd\ue000.

\ue002ffr\ue000y\ue000\ue005t\ue002s. et v\ue006us \ue000v\ue002z d\u2019\ue000utr\ue002s t\u00e9\ue004\ue006i\ue003\ue005\ue000\ue003\ue002s \u00e0 d\ue006\ue005\ue005\ue002r sur c\ue002s vi\ue006l\ue000ti\ue006\ue005s d\ue002s dr\ue006its d\ue002 l\u2019H\ue006\ue004\ue004\ue002 \ue000ss\ue002z t\ue002rri\ue001l\ue002s. \u00bbJe\ue000n C\ue000rbon\ue000re prend \ue000lors l\ue000 p\ue000role : \u00ab oui. C\ue002 qui \ue005\ue006us \ue000 \ue001\ue002\ue000uc\ue006up fr\ue000pp\u00e9s \ue000u Rw\ue000\ue005d\ue000, c\u2019\ue002st \u00e0 l\ue000 f\ue006is l\u2019\ue000\ue004pl\ue002ur d\ue002 c\ue002s vi\ue006l\ue000ti\ue006\ue005s, l\ue000 syst\u00e9\ue004\ue000tis\ue000ti\ue006\ue005, l\u2019\ue006r\ue003\ue000\ue005is\ue000ti\ue006\ue005 \ue004\u00ea\ue004\ue002 d\ue002 c\ue002s \ue004\ue000ss\ue000cr\ue002s. \u00bbEt de f\ue000\ue002re \u00e9t\ue000t de l\ue000

\u00ab P\ue000rc\ue002 qu\u2019\ue006\ue005 \ue000 p\ue000rl\u00e9 d\u2019\ue000ffr\ue006\ue005t\ue002\ue004\ue002\ue005ts \ue002th\ue005iqu\ue002s, \ue004\ue000is \ue002\ue005 r\u00e9\ue000lit\u00e9, il s\u2019\ue000\ue003it d\u2019u\ue005\ue002 p\ue006li- tiqu\ue002 \ue006r\ue003\ue000\ue005is\u00e9\ue002 qu\ue002 \ue005\ue006us \ue000v\ue006\ue005s pu v\u00e9rifi\ue002r. \u00bbL\u2019\ue002nv\ue002t\u00e9 \u00e9t\ue000ye son propos : \u00ab D\ue000\ue005s plusi\ue002urs c\ue006i\ue005s du p\ue000ys, \ue002\ue005 \ue004\u00ea\ue004\ue002 t\ue002\ue004ps, \u00e9cl\ue000t\ue002\ue005t d\ue002s i\ue005cid\ue002\ue005ts \ue002t c\ue002 \ue005\u2019\ue002st p\ue000s f\ue006rtuit, c\ue002 \ue005\u2019\ue002st p\ue000s \ue003r\ue000tuit. o\ue005 s\ue002\ue005t qu\ue002, d\ue002rri\u00e8r\ue002 t\ue006ut \u00e7\ue000, il y \ue000 u\ue005 \ue004\u00e9c\ue000\ue005is\ue004\ue002 qui s\ue002 \ue004\ue002t \ue002\ue005 r\ue006ut\ue002. \u00bbLe mot est enf\ue002n l\u00e2ch\u00e9 : \u00ab o\ue005 \ue000 p\ue000rl\u00e9 d\ue002 purific\ue000ti\ue006\ue005 \ue002th\ue005iqu\ue002, d\ue002 \ue003\u00e9\ue005\ue006- cid\ue002, d\ue002 cri\ue004\ue002 c\ue006\ue005tr\ue002 l\u2019hu\ue004\ue000\ue005it\u00e9, d\ue000\ue005s l\ue002 pr\u00e9r\ue000pp\ue006rt qu\ue002 \ue005\ue006tr\ue002 c\ue006\ue004\ue004issi\ue006\ue005 \ue000 \u00e9t\ue000\ue001li, \ue002t \ue005\ue006us i\ue005sist\ue006\ue005s \ue001\ue002\ue000uc\ue006up sur c\ue002s \ue004\ue006ts. \u00bbBruno M\ue000sure reprend l\ue000 p\ue000role : \u00ab C\ue002 qu\ue002 v\ue006us dit\ue002s, c\u2019\ue002st qu\u2019\u00e0 l\ue000 diff\u00e9r\ue002\ue005c\ue002 d\ue002 c\ue002 qui s\ue002 p\ue000ss\ue002 d\ue000\ue005s l\u2019\ue002x-Y\ue006u\ue003\ue006sl\ue000vi\ue002 \ue006\u00f9 \ue006\ue005 \ue002st u\ue005 p\ue002tit p\ue002u \ue004\ue000lh\ue002ur\ue002us\ue002\ue004\ue002\ue005t sp\ue002ct\ue000t\ue002ur, l\u00e0 \ue005\ue006us p\ue006uv\ue006\ue005s \ue000v\ue006ir u\ue005 r\u00f4l\ue002 \ue001\ue002\ue000u- c\ue006up plus \ue000ctif, \ue005\ue006us p\ue006uv\ue006\ue005s \ue000\ue003ir sur l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9\ue005\ue002\ue004\ue002\ue005t. \u00bbJe\ue000n C\ue000rbon\ue000re : \u00ab oui, c\ue002 s\ue006\ue005t l\ue002s d\ue002ux ch\ue006s\ue002s qui \ue004\u2019\ue006\ue005t fr\ue000pp\u00e9. D\u2019\ue000\ue001\ue006rd l\u2019i\ue004plic\ue000ti\ue006\ue005 du p\ue006uv\ue006ir. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 qu\ue002l \ue005iv\ue002\ue000u ? n\ue006us s\ue006\ue004\ue004\ue002s r\u00e9s\ue002rv\u00e9s p\ue006ur l\ue002 \ue004\ue006\ue004\ue002\ue005t. m\ue000is t\ue006us l\ue002s \ue004\ue002\ue004\ue001r\ue002s d\ue002 l\ue000 C\ue006\ue004\ue004issi\ue006\ue005 \u00e9t\ue000i\ue002\ue005t c\ue006\ue005v\ue000i\ue005cus qu\ue002, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 u\ue005 \ue005iv\ue002\ue000u \u00e9l\ue002v\u00e9 d\ue000\ue005s l\ue002 p\ue006uv\ue006ir, il y \ue000 u\ue005\ue002 r\ue002sp\ue006\ue005s\ue000\ue001ilit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \ue003r\ue000\ue005d\ue002. \u00bbEt de po\ue002nter celle des \ue000utor\ue002t\u00e9s fr\ue000n\u00e7\ue000\ue002ses sur