CORRUPTION

submitted to:prof . Neena sareen

submitted by: kirandeep kaur 5910

INTRODUCTION

In philosophical, theological, or moral discussions, corruption is spiritual or moral impurity or deviation from an ideal. In economy, corruption is payment for services or material which the recipient is not due, under law.

Political, bureaucratic, corporate and individual corruption in India are major concerns. A 2005 study conducted by Transparency International in India found that more than 55% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or influence peddling to get jobs done in public offices successfully. Transparency International estimates that truckers pay US$5 billion in bribes annually. In 2011 India was ranked 95th out of 178 countries in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index.

MEANING
Corruption means any abuse of a position of trust in order to gain an undue advantage. Corruption can occur in relation to officials as well as between private persons. It is particularly prevalent in certain kinds of transactions For example, when awarding public contracts, in certain economic sectors

DEFINITION
Wrong doing on the part of an authority or powerful party through means that are illegitimate, immoral, or incompatible with ethical standards. Corruption often results from patronage and is associated with bribery.

EFFECT
According to a report by KPMG, "high-level corruption and scams are now threatening to derail the country's credibility and its economic boom".

Corruption may lead to further bureaucratic delay and inefficiency as corrupted bureaucrats may introduce red tape to extract more bribes.
It also affect growth indirectly by lowering the private marginal product of capital and investment rate.

Bureaucratic inefficiency could also affect growth directly, such as through misallocation of investments in the economy.
When a countrys economy is below its steadystate income level, higher corruption could result in lower growth, for a given level of income.

REMEDY OF CORRUPTION

Freedom of corrupted mind is the gate way to the eradication of corruption. The key to open that gate way is Search the truth and truth shall make you free. Truth is we like evil. So spiritual mind is the WEAPON TO FIGHT CORRUPTION. Thus uncorrupted and uncompromised spiritual truth exposes corrupt mind. Freedom from corrupt mind makes corrupt free society.

BUREAUCRACY
A 2005 study done by Transparency International (TI) in India found that more than 50% of the people had firsthand experience of paying bribe or peddling influence to get a job done in a public offices .

A 2009 survey of the leading economies of Asia, revealed Indian bureaucracy to be not just least efficient out of Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, China, Philippines and Indonesia; further it was also found that working with India's civil servants was a "slow and painful" process.

SOME EXAMPLES ARE:

Land and property Tendering processes and awarding contracts Medicine Income tax department Preferential award of public resources Driver Licensing

BLACK MONEY
Black money refers to money removed from the official economy (via corruption, bribery, tax evasion, etc.) and stored outside of the country. A November 2010 report from the Washington-based Global Financial Integrity estimates that India lost at least US$462 billion in illicit financial flows, another word for black money, from 1948 through 2008. The report also estimated the size of India's underground economy at approximately US$640 billion at the end of 2008 or roughly 50% of the nation's GDP.

JAN LOKPAL BILL

Institution of Jan Lokpal at central govt level Jan Lokayukta in each state

Correspondingly Jan Lokpal to accept corruption complaints against Central govt dept and Jan Lokayukta against state govt dept Each will have 10 members and 1 chairperson

Will be completely Independent Politicians and bureaucrats will not able to interfere in their functioning Will get whatever financial resources they require and will be empowered to select and employ any number of employees from within the government or outside.

CORRUPTION AT HIGH LEVELS

Present System - Despite Evidence, No Punishment Proposed System - Jan Lokpal and Jan Lokayukta will ensure punishment for corruption

Time bound investigation Investigation to be completed within 1 year May employ more staff to complete within time

After investigation if proven guilty following 2 actions shall be taken:

Power to dismiss corrupt officers If complaint is proved, can remove a govt officer or impose departmental penalties Time bound trial Will file a case in trial court Trial in the court to complete & announce punishment within next 1 year May direct the govt to set up additional courts to complete the trial in time

Provision for:
Recovery of loss caused to govt During investigations, they shall ban transfer of assets of the accused At the time of conviction, the court will assess the loss caused to the govt Entire loss to be recovered from the assets of the accused

Currently no such provision in our existing laws

And

most importantly Jan Lokpal and Jan

Lokayukta have:

Power to punish if its orders are not followed

Can impose financial penalties on the guilty officials.

Initiate contempt proceedings against the

guilty officials.

CORRUPTION AT LOW LEVELS

Common man is compelled to pay bribe

Jan Lokpal and Jan Lokayukta will provide relief

to the common as: Each govt dept will have to make Citizens Charter
Charter

specifies who does what job and in how

much time
E.g..

charter will tell X officer will make ration

card in Y days

If Charter is not followed, then people can complain to the Head of that department who will be designated as the Public Grievance Officer

(PGO)

PGO will redress the complaint within 30 days

maximum If PGO doesnt satisfy the complainant, then a complaint can be made to the Vigilance officer of Jan Lokpal and Jan Lokayukta.

When a complaint is made to Jan Lokpal or Jan Lokayukta, it will be deemed to have corruption angle.

CONCLUSION

A useful conclusion that has emerged from the current discussion and ongoing debate on the corruption issue is that corruption is a symptom of deep-seated and fundamental economic, political and institutional weaknesses and shortcomings in a country. To be effective, measures against corruption must therefore address these underlying causes and not the symptoms. Emphasis must thus be placed on preventing corruption by tackling the root causes that give rise to it through undertaking economic, political and institutional reforms. Anti-corruption enforcement measures such as oversight bodies, a strengthened police force and more efficient law courts will not be effective in the absence of a serious effort to address the fundamental causes.