Multicomponent Flash Drum Calculation Reference: Excel workbook file FLASH.XLS. Cell addresses shown below in [] A m l!icom"onen! mix!

re is flashed !hro #h a $al$e in!o a dr m. %he li& id and $a"or "rod c!s are remo$ed !hro #h $al$ed lines. %he s"readshee! carries o ! a s!ead'(s!a!e desi#n calc la!ion) incl din# !he si*in# of !he !hree con!rol $al$es. %he feed is s"ecified b' i!s com"osi!ion) !em"era! re) "ress re and flow ra!e. %he s's!em chosen here is: ace!one) +("ro"anol) wa!er and !he feed s"ecifica!ions are: com"osi!ion) zi ,i = 1,2,3 ) mole frac!ion: ,.+-.) ,../.) ,.+++ !em"era! re: /,C [02+] "ress re: +, "sia [022] flow ra!e: 3 k#4s [0/]
Li& id

Feed

<a"or

[0.:01]

%he densi!' of a li& id mix! re of !hese com"onen!s can be "redic!ed from !he form la

mw z
i =1 3

i i

a z
i =1

[025]

where mwi are !he molec lar wei#h!s) 3/.,/) 1,.,-) 2/.,21)

i i

res"ec!i$el') and ai are cons!an! "arame!ers) ,.,6-.6) ,.,/../) ,.,26-3) res"ec!i$el'. %his e& a!ion is fi! b' nonlinear re#ression on !he 7ensi!' 7a!a workshee! and !he "erformance of !he fi! is "resen!ed on !he 7ensi!' Char! shee!. %he densi!' 8ex"erimen!al8 $al es were ob!ained from !he H9S9S "ro"er!' "acka#e. %his allows !he feed $ol me!ric flow ra!e !o be calc la!ed. [0-:02,] %he feed mass frac!ions are ob!ained from !he mole frac!ions and !he molec lar wei#h!s:

zi =

mwi zi

mw
j =1

[7.:71]
j

%he hea! ca"aci!' of !he feed mix! re is com" !ed b' a wei#h!ed :b' mole frac!ion; s m of !he com"onen! hea! ca"aci!ies a! !he feed !em"era! re.

CP = CPi zi [026]
i =1

%he com"onen! hea! ca"aci!ies are ace!one:

kJ CP1 = 123 + 0.186T [ C ] kgmol gK kJ CP2 = 178.1 + 0.3066T [ C ] kgmol gK

[02.]

+("ro"anol:

[023]

%his e& a!ion is de$elo"ed b' linear re#ression on !he Hea! Ca"aci!' shee!. wa!er:

kJ CP3 = 75.4 kgmol gK

[021]

And !he feed en!hal"' is es!ima!ed b'

h f = C pf T f

[0+/]

%he feed $al$e is desi#ned from !he nominal desi#n e& a!ion

CV =

q [ gpm]

P [ p i ] !p"#

[0+,]

wi!h a desi#n P of 3.5 "si

[02-]

%he abo$e res l! wo ld be sed !o s"ecif' !he $al$e !o a $endor. A dimensional si*in# of !he $al$e is done wi!h !he form la

m3 q 2 CV m = P [ Pa ] kg 3 m

[0+2]

%he $al$e is desi#ned !o be +3= o"en : f ; a! !he nominal desi#n feed flow ra!e. [0++:0+5] >i!h an ?= !rim and ran#eabili!' : $ ; of 3,:2 [0+.]) !his re& ires a s!em "osi!ion : l ; of ,.1.1) accordin# !o !he form la
@o!e: !his mi#h! be be!!er done b' in!e#ra!in# !he hea! ca"aci!ies from , C !o !he feed !em"era! re.
2

f ( l ) = $ l 1

[0+3]

%he flash $essel is desi#ned on !he basis of a 3(min !e hold " of feed li& id [E2,:E22]. %his #i$es a li& id $ol me of A s! o$er + m5 [E2+]. An inside diame!er of 2.3 m is chosen [E25] #i$in# a nominal li& id de"!h of 2.23 m [E23]. %he ac! al $essel is si*ed !o a hei#h! of +.3 m [E21] !o allow s fficien! $a"or s"ace and freeboard. %he o"era!in# "ress re of !he $essel is selec!ed as 2 a!m [E2/:E+,]. %he ideal #as law is sed !o com" !e !he n mber of moles [E+3] and !he mass [E+1] of !he $a"or in !he $essel. %he la!!er makes se of !he a$era#e molec lar wei#h! of !he $a"or [B5]) which comes from ha$in# calc la!ed !he $a"or(li& id e& ilibri m. %ha! is disc ssed below. %he flash calc la!ion block makes se of $a"or(li& id e& ilibri m and !he en!hal"' and com"onen! balances on !he $essel !o de!ermine !he com"osi!ions and flow ra!es of !he li& id and $a"or s!reams lea$in# !he $essel. %his is an i!era!i$e calc la!ion and "roceeds from !he es!ima!ion of !he li& id flow ra!e [H3] and !wo li& id com"osi!ions [H1:H6]. %he $a"or flow ra!e can !hen be calc la!ed from !he o$erall mass balance [H-]. %he com"osi!ion of !he li& id is known) now !ha! i! has been es!ima!ed. Cn !he <LE shee!) !he @R%L f nc!ion is called !o carr' o ! !he <LE calc la!ion [72,:725]) re! rnin# !he $a"or com"osi!ions and !he e& ilibri m !em"era! re. %he en!hal"ies of !he $a"or and li& id s!reams are !hen calc la!ed back on !he Bain shee!. Firs!) !he hea! ca"aci!ies and hea!s of $a"ori*a!ion are calc la!ed [H2.:D21]. %hen !he li& id and $a"or s!ream en!hal"ies are calc la!ed [H+,:D+2]. %o #e! !hese on a mass basis) !he a$era#e molec lar wei#h!s are needed [H+3:H+6]. %he en!hal"' [L-] and !wo of !he com"onen! balances [L2,:L22] are !hen check calc la!ed+ and a s m(of(s& ares of balance errors is com" !ed [L2+]. %he Sol$er is !hen sed !o adA s! !he ori#inal es!ima!es of li& id flow ra!e [H3] and li& id com"osi!ions [H1:H6] !o close !he balances. >i!h !he knowled#e of !he li& id flow ra!e and com"osi!ions) !he li& id con!rol $al$e is si*ed in a similar fashion !o !he feed $al$e. %he $a"or $al$e is also si*ed b ! !ha! ses a com"ressible(flow si*in# e& a!ion)

CV =

wV 2.8KC f P " f ( % 0.148 % 3 )

[@+.]

Ref5

where

wV : K: Cf :

P: "=
+

mass flow ra!e) k#4s [H-] ni!s con$ersion fac!or) 3.226x2,/ cri!ical flow fac!or) de"endin# on $al$e !'"e) ,.- chosen here "s!ream "ress re) absol !e) Ea) here) $essel "ress re #as s"ecific #ra$i!' a! 2 a!m and 1,F [@++]

[@+,] [@2/:@2-]

mw 2&

@o!e: !he en!hal"' balance is scaled down b' a fac!or of 2,,,) so i!Fs e& a!ion error will be commens ra!e wi!h !hose of !he com"onen! mole balances. 5 Smi!h G Corri"io) Principles and Practice of Automatic Process Control ) >ile') 2-/3) ". 2.+.

"f = "

28& T [ K]

#as s"ecific #ra$i!' a! flowin# !em"era! re

[@+5]

%=

1.63 P Cf P

cri!ical4s bcri!ical flow fac!or

[@+2]

For !he $a"or $al$e) nominal flow ra!e is chosen for +3= o"en and an ?= !rim is selec!ed.