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P O L I T I C AL L AW ( AD M I N I S TR AT I V E L AW ) REVIEWER & MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001 Louie, Carrie, Evelyn, Thel, Gem, Ronald
Powers of Ad !"!s#r$#!%e A&e"'!es 1. Quasi-legislative power / Power of subordinate legislation 2. Quasi-judicial power/Power of adjudication 3. Determinative powers ( ote!"enator eptali #on$ales calls t%em incidental powers& Def!"!#!o" of ()*$s!+,e&!s,$#!%e -ower( 't is t%e aut%orit( delegated b( t%e law-ma)ing bod( to t%e administrative bod( to adopt rules and regulations intended to carr( out t%e provisions of a law and implement legislative polic(. D!s#!"'#!o"s .e#wee" )*$s!+,e&!s,$#!%e -ower $"d ,e&!s,$#!%e -ower 1. *+#'"*,-'.+ power involves t%e discretion to determine what t%e law s%all be. Q/,"'legislative power onl( involves t%e discretion to determine how t%e law s%all be enforced. 2. *+#'"*,-'.+ power 0, 1- be delegated. Q/,"'-legislative power 0, be delegated. Tes#s of De,e&$#!o" ($--,!es #o #/e -ower #o -ro *,&$#e $d !"!s#r$#!%e re&*,$#!o"s ) 1. COMPLETENESS test. -%is means t%at t%e law must be complete in all its terms and conditions w%en it leaves t%e legislature so t%at w%en it reac%es t%e delegate2 it will %ave not%ing to do but to enforce it. 2. S !!"C"ENT ST#N$#R$ test% -%e law must offer a sufficient standard to specif( t%e limits of t%e delegate3s aut%orit(2 announce t%e legislative polic( and specif( t%e conditions under w%ic% it is to be implemented. Def!"!#!o" of )*$s!+0*d!'!$, Power 't is t%e power of administrative aut%orities to ma)e determinations of facts in t%e performance of t%eir official duties and to appl( t%e law as t%e( construe it to t%e facts so found. -%e e4ercise of t%is power is onl( incidental to t%e main function of administrative aut%orities2 w%ic% is t%e enforcement of t%e law. De#er !"$#!%e Powers 1.EN#&L"NG powers -%ose t%at P+56'- t%e doing of an act w%ic% t%e law underta)es to regulate and would be unlawful wit%out government approval. +4. 'ssuance of licenses to engage in a particular business. 2.$"RECT"NG powers -%ose t%at involve t%e corrective powers of public utilit( commissions2 powers of assessment under t%e revenue laws2 reparations under public utilit( laws2 and awards under wor)men3s compensation laws2 and powers of abstract determination suc% as definition-valuation2 classification and fact finding 3. $"SPENS"NG powers +4emplified b( t%e aut%orit( to e4empt from or rela4 a general pro%ibition2 or aut%orit( to relieve from an affirmative dut(. 'ts difference from licensing power is t%at dispensing power sanctions a deviation from a standard. 7. S MM#R' powers -%ose t%at appl( compulsion or force against person or propert( to effectuate a legal purpose wit%out a judicial warrant to aut%ori$e suc% action. /suall( wit%out notice and %earing. +4. ,batement of nuisance2 summar( destraint2 lev( of propert( of delin8uent ta4 pa(ers

P O L I T I C AL L AW ( AD M I N I S TR AT I V E L AW ) REVIEWER & MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001 Louie, Carrie, Evelyn, Thel, Gem, Ronald
9. E( "T#&LE powers -%ose t%at pertain to t%e power to determine t%e law upon a particular state of facts. 't refers to t%e rig%t to2 and must2 consider and ma)e proper application of t%e rules of e8uit(. +4. Power to appoint a receiver2 power to issue injunctions 1!"ds of Ad !"!s#r$#!%e Re&*,$#!o"s D'"-' 0-'1 " 1. 0apacit( t%at administrative agenc( is acting in 2. ;%at administrative agenc( is doing 3. <orce and effect *+#'"*,-'.+ *egislative 't supplements t%e statute b( filling in t%e details *egislative regulations %ave t%e force and effecr of law immediatel( upon going into effect. "uc% is accorded b( t%e courts or b( e4press provision of statute. ' -+5P5+-,-'.+ :udicial 't sa(s w%at t%e statute means 6erel( persuasive/ 5eceived b( t%e courts wit% muc% respect but not accorded wit% finalit(

Re2*!s!#es of $ V$,!d Ad !"!s#r$#!%e Re&*,$#!o" 1. 'ts promulgation must be aut%ori$ed b( t%e legislature. 2. 't must be wit%in t%e scope of t%e aut%orit( given b( t%e legislature. 3. 't must be promulgated in accordance wit% t%e prescribed procedure. 7. 't must be reasonable Need for Pre%!o*s No#!'e $"d 3e$r!"& 1. General Rule! ,dministrative rules of #+ +5,* application do 1- re8uire previous notice and %earing. 2. Exception! ;%en t%e legislature itself re8uires it and mandates t%at t%e regulation s%all be based on certain facts as determined at an appropriate investigation. 3. 'f t%e regulation is in effect a settlement of a controvers( between specific parties2 it is considered an administrative adjudication2 re8uiring notice and %earing. Pres'r!.!"& of R$#es 't can be eit%er! 1. LEG"SL#T")E 'f t%e rules/rates are meant to appl( to all enterprises of a given )ind t%roug%out t%e countr(. o prior notice and %earing is re8uired. 2. ( #S"*+ $"C"#L 'f t%e rules and rates imposed appl( e4clusivel( to a particular part(2 based upon a finding of fact. Prior notice and %earing is re8uired. Re2*!re e"# of P*.,!'$#!o" #dministrative Re,ulations that M ST -e pu-lished. 1. ,dministrative regulations of #+ +5,* application. 2. ,dministrative regulations w%ic% are P+ ,* in nature. #dministrative re,ulations that do NOT NEE$ to -e P &L"S/E$. 1. 'nterpretative regulations 2. 'nternal rules and regulations governing t%e personnel of t%e administrative agenc(.

P O L I T I C AL L AW ( AD M I N I S TR AT I V E L AW ) REVIEWER & MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001 Louie, Carrie, Evelyn, Thel, Gem, Ronald
3. *etters of instruction issued b( administrative superiors concerning guidelines to be followed b( t%eir subordinates. (-anada v. -uvera& S-e'!$, Re2*!s!#es of $ V$,!d Ad !"!s#r$#!%e Re&*,$#!o" w!#/ $ PENAL s$"'#!o" 1. -%e law itself must ma)e violation of t%e administrative regulation punis%able. 2. -%e law itself must impose and specif( t%e penalt( for t%e violation of t%e regulation. 3. -%e regulation must be publis%ed. Re2*!s!#es for Pro-er E4er'!se of )*$s!+0*d!'!$, Power 1. :urisdiction 2. Due process Ad !"!s#r$#!%e D*e Pro'ess 5 Re2*!re e"#s 1. 2. 3. 7. 5ig%t to otice2 be it actual or constructive 5easonable opportunit( to appear and defend %is rig%ts and to introduce witnesses 'mpartial tribunal wit% competent jurisdiction <inding or decision supported b( substantial evidence

E4'e-#!o"s #o #/e No#!'e $"d 3e$r!"& Re2*!re e"# 1. 2. 3. 7. 9. =. >. ?. @. /rgenc( of immediate action -entativeness of t%e administrative action 5ig%t was previousl( offered but not claimed "ummar( abatement of a nuisance per se Preventive suspension of a public servant facing administrative c%arges Padloc)ing of filt%( restaurants/t%eaters s%owing obscene movies 0ancellation of a passport of a person soug%t for criminal prosecution "ummar( distraint and lev( of properties of a delin8uent ta4pa(er 5eplacement of a temporar( or acting appointee

)*es#!o"s Re%!ew$.,e o" 0*d!'!$, Re%!ew5 1. (uestions o0 !#CT -%e general rule is t%at courts will not disturb t%e findings of administrative agencies acting wit%in t%e parameters of t%eir own competence so long as suc% findings are supported b( substantial evidence. A( reason of t%eir special )nowledge2 e4pertise2 and e4perience2 t%e courts ordinaril( accord respect if not finalit( to factual findings of administrative tribunals. 1% (uestion o0 L#2 ,dministrative decision ma( be appealed to t%e courts independentl( of legislative permission. 't ma( be appealed even against legislative pro%ibition because t%e judiciar( cannot be deprived of its in%erent power to review all decisions on 8uestions of law. Do'#r!"e of 6!"$,!#7 0ourts are reluctant to interfere wit% action of an administrative agenc( prior to its completion or finalit(2 t%e reason being t%at absent a final order or decision2 power %as not been full( and finall( e4ercised2 and t%ere can usuall( be no irreparable %arm. E3CEPT"ONS. 'nterlocutor( order affecting t%e merits of a controvers(B Preserve status 8uo pending furt%er action b( t%e administrative agenc(B +ssential to t%e protection of t%e rig%ts asserted from t%e injur( t%reatenedB 1fficer assumes to act in violation of t%e 0onstitution and ot%er lawsB 1rder not reviewable in an( ot%er wa(B 1rder made in e4cess of power

P O L I T I C AL L AW ( AD M I N I S TR AT I V E L AW ) REVIEWER & MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001 Louie, Carrie, Evelyn, Thel, Gem, Ronald
Do'#r!"e of Pr! $r7 0*r!sd!'#!o" 1. -%is doctrine states t%at courts cannot or will not determine a controvers( w%ic% re8uires t%e e4pertise2 speciali$ed s)ills and )nowledge of t%e proper administrative bodies because tec%nical matters of intricate 8uestions of fact are involved. 2. 5elief must first be obtained in an administrative proceeding before a remed( will be supplied b( t%e court even t%oug% t%e matter is wit%in t%e proper jurisdiction of a court. Do'#r!"e of Pr!or Resor# ;%en a claim originall( cogni$able in t%e courts involves issues w%ic%2 under a regulator( sc%eme are wit%in t%e special competence of an administrative agenc(2 judicial proceedings will be suspended pending t%e referral of t%ese issues to t%e administrative bod( for its view. ote! -%e doctrines of primar( jurisdiction and prior resort %ave been considered to be interc%angeable. Do'#r!"e of E4/$*s#!o" of Ad !"!s#r$#!%e Re ed!es 1. /nder t%is doctrine2 an administrative decision must first be appealed to t%e administrative superiors up to t%e %ig%est level before it ma( be elevated to a court of justice for review. 2. 5easons ! a. to enable t%e administrative superiors to correct t%e errors committed b( t%eir subordinates. b. courts s%ould refrain from disturbing t%e findings of administrative. bodies in deference to t%e doctrine of separation of powers. c. courts s%ould not be saddled wit% t%e review of administrative cases d. judicial review of administrative cases is usuall( effected t%roug% special civil actions w%ic% are available onl( i0 their is no other plain, speedy and ade4uate remedy. 3. +4ceptions a. w%en t%e 8uestion raised is purely le,al, involves constitutional 4uestions b. w%en t%e administrative bod( is in estopped c. w%en act complained of is patently ille,al d. w%en t%ere is ur,ent need 0or 5udicial intervention e. w%en claim involved is small f. w%en irrepara-le dama,e is involved g. w%en t%ere is no other plain, speedy , ade4uate remed( %. w%en stron, pu-lic interest is involved '. w%en t%e subject of controvers( is private land j. in 4uo warranto proceedings ). ;%en t%e administrative remed( is permissive, concurrent l. utter disre,ard o0 due process m. long-continued and unreasonable delay n. amount involved is relativel( small o. w%en no administrative review is provided p. respondent is a department secretar( (D10-5' + 1< Q/,*'<'+D P1*'-'0,* ,#+ 0C D ,*-+5 +#1 D10-5' +& "ubstantial evidence D defined to mean not necessaril( preponderant proof as re8uired in ordinar( civil cases but suc% )ind of relevant evidence w%ic% a reasonable mind mig%t accept as ade8uate to support a conclusion.