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 A Treatise
on
Political Economy;
or the
Production, Distribution, and Consumption
of
 Wealth.
By Jean-Baptiste Say.
Translated from the Fourth Edition of the French,
By C. R. Prinsep, M. A.
with Notes by the Translator.
New American Edition
.Containing a Translation of the Introduction, and Additional Notes
by Clement C. Biddle, LL. D
.Member of the American Philosophical Society.
Philadelphia
:Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger624, 625, & 628 Market Street
1880.
Batoche Books
Kitchener
2001
 
A treatise on political economy; or The production, distribution, and consumption of wealth.By Jean Baptiste Say.Translated from the fourth edition of the French, by C. R. Prinsep, M.A.with notes by the translator.Say, Jean Baptiste, 1767–1832.Batoche Books52 Eby Street SouthKitchener, Ontario, CanadaN2G 3L1email: batoche@gto.netISBN: 1-55272-060-3
 
Contents
Advertisement by the American Editor, to the Sixth Edition........................................................................................................5Advertisement by The American Editor to the Fifth Edition........................................................................................................6Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................9Book I.Of the Production of Wealth...........................................................................................................................................25Chapter I. Of What Is to Be Understood by the Term, Production..........................................................................................25Chapter II. Of the Different Kinds of Industry, and the Mode in Which They Concur in Production.....................................26Chapter III. Of the Nature of Capital, and the Mode in Which it Concurs in the Business of Production...............................29Chapter IV. On Natural Agents That Assist in the Production of Wealth, and Specially of Land............................................30Chapter V. On the Mode in Which Industry, Capital, and Natural Agents Unite in Production...............................................32Chapter VI. Of Operations Alike Common to All Branches of Industry..................................................................................33Chapter VII. Of the Labour of Mankind, of Nature, and of Machinery Respectively..............................................................36Chapter VIII. Of the Advantages and Disadvantages Resulting from Division of Labour, and of the Extent to Which it MayBe Carried...........................................................................................................................................................................38Chapter IX. Of the Different Methods of Employing Commercial Industry, and the Mode in Which They Concur in Produc-tion.......................................................................................................................................................................................42Chapter X.Of the Transformations Undergone by Capital in The Progress of Production......................................................44Chapter XI Of the Formation and Multiplication of Capital....................................................................................................46Chapter XII Of Unproductive Capital......................................................................................................................................50Chapter XIII Of Immaterial Products, or Values Consumed at the Moment of Production.....................................................50Chapter XIV. Of the Right of Property.....................................................................................................................................54Chapter XV. Of the Demand or Market for Products...............................................................................................................56Chapter XVI. Of the Benefits Resulting from the Quick Circulation of Money and Commodities.........................................59Chapter XVII. Of the Effect of Government Regulations Intended to Influence Production...................................................60Section I. Effect of Regulations prescribing the Nature of Products......................................................................................60Digression: Upon What Is Called the Balance of Trade.........................................................................................................62Section II. Of the Effect of Regulations fixing the Manner of Production.............................................................................73Section III. Of Privileged Trading Companies.......................................................................................................................77Section IV. Of regulations affecting the Corn Trade...............................................................................................................79Chapter XVIII. Of the Effect upon National Wealth, Resulting from the Productive Efforts of PublicAuthority.............................................................................................................................................................................83Chapter XIX. Of Colonies and Their Products.........................................................................................................................85Chapter XX. Of Temporary and Permanent Emigration, Considered in Reference to National Wealth..................................89Chapter XXI. Of the Nature and Uses of Money......................................................................................................................91Section I. General Remarks....................................................................................................................................................91Section II. Of the Material of Money......................................................................................................................................92Section III. Of the Accession of Value a Commodity receives by being Vested with the Character of Money.................................................................................................................................................................................94Section IV. Of the Utility of Coinage, and of the Charge of its Execution.............................................................................96Section V. Of Alterations of the Standard Money...................................................................................................................98Section VI. Of the reason why Money is neither a Sign nor a Measure...............................................................................101Section VII. Of a Peculiarity that should be attended to, in estimating the Sums mentioned in History..............................105Section VIII. Of the Absence of any fixed ratio of Value between one Metal and another..................................................107Section IX. Of Money as it ought to be................................................................................................................................108Section X. Of a Copper and Base Metal Coinage................................................................................................................110Section XI. Of the preferable Form of Coined Money.........................................................................................................111Section XII. Of the Party, on whom the Loss of the Coin by Wear should properly fall......................................................112Chapter XXII. Of Signs or Representatives of Money...........................................................................................................113Section I. Of Bills of Exchange and Letters of Credit..........................................................................................................113Section II. Of Banks of Deposit............................................................................................................................................114Section III. Of Banks of Circulation or Discount, and of Bank-notes, or Convertible Paper...............................................115Section IV. Of Paper-Money.................................................................................................................................................120
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