MATHEMATICAL BASES

DERIVATIONSPART ONE

A-M.B.

Introduction

Derivation or to derive something means to search for the real and concrete value of a certain measure, the origin of it.The name comes from a word derive to conclude, make, search the origin.If we want to see how derivations are used in physics, cause we need some touchable things to measeure, we are goint to present derivations in geometrical interpretation cause its roots lays in there.For some details about their mathematical basis in mathematical analysis , the Section 1 and Section 2 will be attached in this document at the end of it. Lets us see what and how derivation was invented.

The meaning of derivation

The meaning of derivation is held in here as I said in geometrical interpretation and we can start with a continuus and smooth curve that has this addicted value: 1)y=f(x). So we see that function(curve) y is addicted to the value or independent paramether called x(lots of time any kind of thing thats addicted or depended on somthing is called function and the undependended part is called paramether or value). 2)Let us choose any two dots or points on that curve, like point D and point C. 3)Threw that points we are going to line a secant-a secant is a line that connects two points on a curve (remember that we dont know what are the values of points, thats way we need this line-secant).

4)When we see the position of this secant dependent on x-axes we see that it closes a certain angle.That angle in here will be called and named in greek letter as all things do in mathemathics and science with letter .

Mathematical basis in geometrical interpretation

Let us see all mentioned statements above in Picture 1.

Under the section named on a picture we can se that tangent or tg angle of (angle b, or shadowed space below the cruve closing between secant and horizontal line paralel to x axes) has : tg = .

5)And lets suppose that point C is moving toward point D.We can imagine that movement and calculate at the same time what will a value of point C be in every part of the curve. 6)We are imagining that point C is moving towards point D until it becomes a point D.At this point we call that a drop.So point C have droped into point D. 7)At this point when point C is a point D, we can se that line(secant) that was connecting those two points is now a a different line called tangent. 8)We call that line tangent on a curve in a point D and mark it as tD. Let us reconsider all those above mentioned moves into our picture and replay it again.

In mathematic those kind of movements and operations are monitored by a function called limes.

Explination of limes

Those operations include movement across curve and border movements cause a pount i moving from one border to another.

For our picture we have this limes operations and conditions:

=0

=0

The two limes(functions ) are functions written in short term for something that is moving towards a border.A limes means a border in greek.Any kind of border, border can be some part in a huge curve or a line.Not neccecary a border part of curve or line.Limes means that_I want you to know that I am moving towards something, towards some value I want to achieve, and in mathematic and nature everything is moving towards some value, as usually, that value is often something that shows us the minimum or smallest value.Everything in nature tries to be as more passive or constant so that it may use the smallest amount of energy, at least smallest amount of it. So in mathematical words:we are moving towards smallest part of our function,that will bring us to the smallest value of our function .

The above limes conditions are made before and are basis for some other calculations.When they wouldnt be limes, we would still be calculating in hands and there wont be compouters(Imagine calculating limes for big houses...tons and tons of value!!...). Those limes conditions says:

a) That a limes of value x is going to have value of 0, when a point C is moving towards point D.Meaning to say:when point D is moving (on the curve) towards point C the value x in point D, that shows us that point D has dependent value of x which can be written in x+x is going to loose this x part. b) Also the second limes tells us the same,that point D as mentioned above , has also a value y which for its position on a curve has this value:y+y, and moving towards point C will mean it will loose y. c) So after point D droped into point C, there are no x and y values.Point D is NOW point C. d) Check those steps above again. The letters under the lim is telling us just that.Its a short kind of version of things above.If we could write and we can write all mathematical equations in this explained larger mode, there would be tons and tons of papers.So we have to be smart and use as shorter and exact mathematical equations as we can.

The next limes conditions are for a line secant that will become tangent when point D is droping into point C. Those conditions are:

Which actually means that a secant(S, the C and D point) that was connecting point D with point C on the curve will become a tangent in point C.Imagine you are following point D moving across curve and that secant moving also.You will notice that as the point D is moving the secnat is changing its position .

Lets look at the Picture 2.for taking a look at how that works.

The letter a means angle (a angle in Picture 1 and 2 is a shadowed part between tangent line and horizontal line paralel to x axes)and letter b is angle.So lets follow the arrow showing us the movement of the lines.Thats way the secnat will become a tangent line.Dont be mistaken abotu what a secant is! A tangent line in point C is not s secant.Secant is our own line that is connecting two points on unknown curve, while tangent connects two points on the curve but closing an angle. The fourth limes conditions means just that.Angle is becoming angle when point D is moving towards point C and secant line is becoming a tangent line.So we see here a corelation between a basic geometry with squares and angles.

But thats not all of it.:D

Derivations and abreviations

There is an expression with limes, that tells us how values y and x are connected(corelated). This expression is :

in common cases, instead of D C we write that value x 0, and according to that, there are changes in marking the limes.The value x is becoming 0 when a point in this case D is moving towards point C, but this can be reffered with any chosable point. So let us change that in expression for limes, mentioned earlier:

=y .

Although I have put the mark d in picture the meaning is now explained.The equation here is showing us that when a value x is moving towards zero, then the difference of value y, and the difference in value x, are called diferential numbers here marked as , and are in such corelation that they give :

First derivation of function y.

First derivation of equation y, is marked here as:

y= The meaning of it, that function y has a derivation in point C(x,y). The marks dx and dy are as mentioned above called diferentials, and are defined diferently depending on statement that x or y is a independent value or function.But we mark that as x or dx , whixh is known for as growth of value x, and that value that growth can have a value(we decide the amount of that value). Asking and searching that real value of something means that variables that equation(corelation) is depended needs to be very small and have small changes-the derivation.

Conclusion So lets say what is the existance of derivation: The existance of derivation for those kind of values of argument x for which is known that: a) Function y =f(x) where f is the mark for function that is defined and unbroken, uninterrupted and b) The related relationship has a known limes value. If there is no derivation in value or parameter x then we have to know that in point C on curve there is either : No tangent line in that point or That tangent line closes with axes x an angle of 90(which means its becoming similar to axes y).

If we look at the limes in second statement for tangent closing angle of 90 the limes is immeasurable , this kind of situation is marked in another way (although not so stricly, its only a remeinder ) as: yx= , meaning that derivation in that point becomes immeasurable.

Part two summary That is all in this section.The next section will explain in more detailed and advanced way all about this topics: a)the non existance of derivation in a point b)left and right derivation c)partial derivation of a function d)directed and space derivation e)the basic meaning of diferential dx f) partial diferential of a fucntion with more variables g)derivable function and total diferential h)geometrical meaning of total diferential

Literature 1.Bronstein, J.N., Semendjajev, K.A.,Matematiki prirunik za ininjere i studente,Tehnika knjiga, Zagreb, Hrvatska 2.Mia Viki (A.M.B.)notes on derivations and diferential equations

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