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Strengthening U.S. Engineering Through International Cooperation: Some Recommendations for Action (Free Executive Summary)http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1389.html
Free Executive Summary
ISBN: 978-0-309-07820-7, 82 pages, 7 x 10, (1987)
This executive summary plus thousands more available at www.nap.edu.Strengthening U.S. Engineering ThroughInternational Cooperation: Some Recommendationsfor Action
Committee on International Cooperation in Engineering,Office of International Affairs, National ResearchCouncilThis free executive summary is provided by the National Academies aspart of our mission to educate the world on issues of science, engineering,and health. If you are interested in reading the full book, please visit usonline at http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1389.html . You may browse andsearch the full, authoritative version for free; you may also purchase a printor electronic version of the book. If you have questions or just want moreinformation about the books published by the National Academies Press,please contact our customer service department toll-free at 888-624-8373.
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Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.This executive summary plus thousands more available at http://www.nap.eduStrengthening U.S. Engineering Through International Cooperation: Some Recommendations for Actionhttp://books.nap.edu/catalog/1389.html
Summary of Major Findings and Recommendations
The world in which U.S. engineers and technologists learn and practice their profession is changing morerapidly than the institutions, policies, and programs intended to ensure our future economic growth, security, andwelfare. The United States and especially its engineering and science community need to adopt new attitudes andstrategies if we are to maintain or enhance our industrial health and standard of living in the face of the reality of intense international economic competition. Responses must be political, economic, and cultural, as well astechnological. Although improvements in the competitive status of the United States will not come about solely as aresult of our being more aware of technological progress made outside the United States, technological isolationwill surely undermine the future of our industries and educational institutions.The benefits of international cooperation in engineering and technology are likely to outweigh risks in manysituations, given thoughtful and symmetrical implementation of programs. Technological protectionism is not asustainable path as a general course, since technology inevitably diffuses. A better approach for the United Statesis to ensure that the internal rate of creation and application of knowledge is always substantially greater than itsrate of transfer, and that the rate of acquisition and dissemination of relevant information from abroad issignificantly amplified over what it is today.Programs in the United States must be modified to respond positively and beneficially to the growing qualityand quantity of engineering activity abroad, and especially to the emergence of foreign centers of excellence. TheNational Science Foundation (NSF) can and should
SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS1
   A   b  o  u   t   t   h   i  s   P   D   F   f   i   l  e  :   T   h   i  s  n  e  w   d   i  g   i   t  a   l  r  e  p  r  e  s  e  n   t  a   t   i  o  n  o   f   t   h  e  o  r   i  g   i  n  a   l  w  o  r   k   h  a  s   b  e  e  n  r  e  c  o  m  p  o  s  e   d   f  r  o  m    X   M   L   f   i   l  e  s  c  r  e  a   t  e   d   f  r  o  m    t   h  e  o  r   i  g   i  n  a   l  p  a  p  e  r   b  o  o   k ,  n  o   t   f  r  o  m    t   h  e  o  r   i  g   i  n  a   l   t  y  p  e  s  e   t   t   i  n  g   f   i   l  e  s .   P  a  g  e   b  r  e  a   k  s  a  r  e   t  r  u  e   t  o   t   h  e  o  r   i  g   i  n  a   l  ;   l   i  n  e   l  e  n  g   t   h  s ,  w  o  r   d   b  r  e  a   k  s ,   h  e  a   d   i  n  g  s   t  y   l  e  s ,  a  n   d  o   t   h  e  r   t  y  p  e  s  e   t   t   i  n  g  -  s  p  e  c   i   f   i  c   f  o  r  m  a   t   t   i  n  g ,   h  o  w  e  v  e  r ,  c  a  n  n  o   t   b  e  r  e   t  a   i  n  e   d ,  a  n   d  s  o  m  e   t  y  p  o  g  r  a  p   h   i  c  e  r  r  o  r  s  m  a  y   h  a  v  e   b  e  e  n  a  c  c   i   d  e  n   t  a   l   l  y   i  n  s  e  r   t  e   d .   P   l  e  a  s  e  u  s  e   t   h  e  p  r   i  n   t  v  e  r  s   i  o  n  o   f   t   h   i  s  p  u   b   l   i  c  a   t   i  o  n  a  s   t   h  e  a  u   t   h  o  r   i   t  a   t   i  v  e  v  e  r  s   i  o  n   f  o  r  a   t   t  r   i   b  u   t   i  o  n .
 
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.This executive summary plus thousands more available at http://www.nap.eduStrengthening U.S. Engineering Through International Cooperation: Some Recommendations for Actionhttp://books.nap.edu/catalog/1389.html
play a significant role in advancing international cooperation in engineering. Today, however, resources applied bythe entire NSF to advance such cooperation probably are not more than about $2 million, or about 1 percent of theEngineering Directorate budget. This is insufficient.Better focused and improved U.S. efforts are needed for
•
Promoting international cooperation in engineering
research
;
•
Making U.S. engineering
education
more responsive to worldwide progress and concerns;
•
Gathering, disseminating, and assimilating
information
from abroad; and
•
Supporting international
organizations and standards
.Besides addressing recommendations to NSF and other federal agencies, the committee's deliberations haveled to specific recommendations for academia, engineering professional societies, and the National Academy of Engineering. The committee's principal recommendations are as follows:1. NSF should declare its recognition of the importance of international collaboration in engineeringresearch and education, and support this view by
significantly increasing its level of funding
for U.S.participation in cooperative international endeavors. Specifically, NSF should
augment theinternational capabilities and responsibilities of existing U.S. university-industry centers
of excellence in engineering research, such as the Engineering Research Centers, and
ensure that itssponsored researchers are demonstrably aware of engineering knowledge generated abroad 
.[pp.10-11, 16-20, 31-32]2. NSF should develop a consortium of funding agencies to support a program of 
 fellowships
enablingeach year 100 to 200 U.S. citizens receiving doctorates in engineering
to spend a year or more abroad at centers of excellence in engineering
in the Pacific Rim nations, especially Japan, and in WesternEurope. It should also
encourage
and help sponsor engineering faculty members, Presidential YoungInvestigators, and outstanding industrial researchers to take
sabbatical
at centers of engineeringexcellence
abroad.
[pp.16, 26-27]3. NSF, NAE, and other organizations should organize and fund
lecture tours by distinguished foreignexperts
to present reviews of, and perspectives on, their nations' developments in engineering andtechnology to U.S. universities and industry. [p.31]
SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS2
   A   b  o  u   t   t   h   i  s   P   D   F   f   i   l  e  :   T   h   i  s  n  e  w   d   i  g   i   t  a   l  r  e  p  r  e  s  e  n   t  a   t   i  o  n  o   f   t   h  e  o  r   i  g   i  n  a   l  w  o  r   k   h  a  s   b  e  e  n  r  e  c  o  m  p  o  s  e   d   f  r  o  m    X   M   L   f   i   l  e  s  c  r  e  a   t  e   d   f  r  o  m    t   h  e  o  r   i  g   i  n  a   l  p  a  p  e  r   b  o  o   k ,  n  o   t   f  r  o  m    t   h  e  o  r   i  g   i  n  a   l   t  y  p  e  s  e   t   t   i  n  g   f   i   l  e  s .   P  a  g  e   b  r  e  a   k  s  a  r  e   t  r  u  e   t  o   t   h  e  o  r   i  g   i  n  a   l  ;   l   i  n  e   l  e  n  g   t   h  s ,  w  o  r   d   b  r  e  a   k  s ,   h  e  a   d   i  n  g  s   t  y   l  e  s ,  a  n   d  o   t   h  e  r   t  y  p  e  s  e   t   t   i  n  g  -  s  p  e  c   i   f   i  c   f  o  r  m  a   t   t   i  n  g ,   h  o  w  e  v  e  r ,  c  a  n  n  o   t   b  e  r  e   t  a   i  n  e   d ,  a  n   d  s  o  m  e   t  y  p  o  g  r  a  p   h   i  c  e  r  r  o  r  s  m  a  y   h  a  v  e   b  e  e  n  a  c  c   i   d  e  n   t  a   l   l  y   i  n  s  e  r   t  e   d .   P   l  e  a  s  e  u  s  e   t   h  e  p  r   i  n   t  v  e  r  s   i  o  n  o   f   t   h   i  s  p  u   b   l   i  c  a   t   i  o  n  a  s   t   h  e  a  u   t   h  o  r   i   t  a   t   i  v  e  v  e  r  s   i  o  n   f  o  r  a   t   t  r   i   b  u   t   i  o  n .
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