LPK 526. Polaris Burmese Library - Singapore - Collection - VOLUME 526

ppftmPm&Sifpepfwdkufzsufa&; - ANTI-MILITARY DICTATORSHIP - CLASSIC
Polaris Burmese Library Collections Vol. 526

The Fight For Freedom in Burma
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ANTI-MILITARY DICTATORSHIP
Officials investigating Mr Zhou (above) froze bank accounts, seized bonds and stocks,
and confiscated apartments, villas, antiques and other valuables belonging to people
linked to the former security czar, according to sources.

Democracy and Human Rights Without Borders


COMPREHENSIVE TEXT AND REFERENCE

FOR DEMOCRACY LEADERS IN MYANMAR
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO

Scribd
526. Polaris Burmese Library Singapore Collections - Vol 526
Google Search Engine

WE WILL BRING DICTATORS TO JUSTICE







BURMA: BATTLE FOR DEMOCRACY





( )
EDITOR THAKHIN VACAKA ( RIT )
POLARIS BURMESE LIBRARY

2014
A5 SIZE
Index: Polaris Burmese Library, LPK Library, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, Senior General Than
Shwe,Senior General Minn Aung Hlaing, Myanmar Current History, Myanmar Politics,
Myanmar Junta, Myanmar People, Myanmar Students, Insein Prison, Prison in Myanmar,
Political Prisoners in Myanmar, Torture in Myanmar, Myanmar Army, Myanmar Affairs,
Burma Affairs, Democracy and Human Rights in Burma, Burmese Refugees, AntiDictatorship In Myanmar, Dictator Senior General Than Shwe, Anti-Dictator, President U
Thein Sein, China Myanmar Relations, India Myanmar Relation, Thailand Myanmar
Relations, Bangladesh Myanmar Relations, Japan Myanmar Relations, USA Myanmar
Relations, UWSA, KIO, KIA, KNU, RCSS, SSA, Wa, Kachin, Shan, Karen, Jade, Ruby,
Teak, Rangoon, Yangon, Mandalay, Naypyidaw, Rangoon Institute of Technology, RIT,
Yangon Institute of Technology.
Public Enemies



YANGON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UNION BUILDING

( ) (
MYANMAR DEMOCRACY MONUMENT
NATIONAL RECONCILIATION AND PEACE TREATY



PUBLIC ENEMIES OF MYANMAR

KIO/KIA
KACHIN STATE AND KIO/KIA

KIO/KIA



MYANMAR FOREIGN POLICY 1948 2010

10

DEMOCRACY CHECKLIST

()
()
()

11

DECEMBER 5, 2013.

12


13

(Crime Against Next Generation)

Crime Against Next Generation


14



()

15


D 5 Deny () Delay
( ) Deceive () Disrupt (
) Destroy ()
NLD
( )
institutions
globalization


16


..

17

The Calm ( ) The Dignity (

) The ability ( ) The Grace (
) The Order ( ) The

Sacrifices ( ) The Kindness
() The Conscience (

18

()
()


19


20

UPDATE 1-China angrily denounces Japan

for Russia-Crimea analogy
Fri, Mar 28 2014
(Adds Japanese foreign minister)
BEIJING, March 28 (Reuters) - China denounced Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe
on Friday for drawing an analogy between Russia's behaviour in Crimea and China's
actions in the disputed East and South China Seas, accusing Abe of hypocrisy.
Japan's Kyodo news agency said Abe raised the issue at a G7 meeting in The Hague
this month, warning that China was trying to change the status quo through
coercion, and said something similar to Russia's seizing of Crimea could happen in
Asia.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said those comments were completely
out of place, and launched a personal attack on Abe himself, using unusually strong
language.
"We've long since said that this Japanese leader on the one hand hypocritically
proposes improving Sino-Japan ties and on the other says bad things about China
wherever he is internationally. These comments again expose his true face," Hong
told a daily news briefing.
"He tries in vain on the international stage to mislead the public with prevarication
and deliberate falsehoods and blacken China's name. But this cannot pull the wool
over the eyes of the international community."
Hong said it was Japan who had "illegally snatched" uninhabited islands, called the
Diaoyu by China and the Senkaku by Japan, at the centre of the territorial dispute.
China was resolute in its determination to protect its sovereignty in the East and
South China Seas, Hong said, adding China wanted these disputes resolved via
dialogue.

21

Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida echoed Hong in stressing the importance of
high-level dialogue, but indicated that the ball was in China's court.
"Regrettably, China and South Korea have maintained a stance that Japan's action
on individual (bilateral) issues should come first. But it is clear neither of us can
readily make a concession on the issues of history and territory," Kishida said.
"I'm afraid talks won't ever take place if no talks can be held until these issues are
resolved."
Tokyo's relations with Seoul are strained by conflicting claims over a separate group
of islets.
South Korean and Chinese ties with Japan have long been poisoned by what they
see as Japan's failure to atone for its wartime aggression.
Abe held talks with South Korean President Park Geun-hye in a U.S.-brokered threeway summit in The Hague this week, but no official bilateral meeting between Abe
and Park has been held.
Beijing's anger over the past is never far from the surface, and relations have
deteriorated sharply over the past two years because of the island dispute.
China's claims over islands, reefs and atolls in resource-rich waters off its south
coast and to the east of mainland Southeast Asia have also set it directly against
Vietnam and the Philippines, where Brunei, Taiwan and Malaysia have claims too.
(Reporting by Ben Blanchard in Beijing, Kiyoshi Takenaka in Tokyo; Editing by Nick
Macfie)

22

China Denounces Japan for Russia-Crimea

Analogy
FILE - Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe speaks to the media.

March 28, 2014 VOA
BEIJING China criticized Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Friday for
drawing an analogy between Russia's behavior in Crimea and China's actions in the
disputed
East
and
South
China
Seas,
accusing
Abe
of
hypocrisy.
Japan's Kyodo news agency said Abe raised the issue at a G7 meeting in The Hague
this month, warning that China was trying to change the status quo through
coercion, and said something similar to Russia's seizing of Crimea could happen in
Asia.Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said those comments were
completely out of place, and launched a personal attack on Abe himself, using
unusually strong language.We've long since said that this Japanese leader on the
one hand hypocritically proposes improving Sino-Japan ties and on the other says
bad things about China wherever he is internationally. These comments again
expose his true face, Hong told a daily news briefing.He tries in vain on the

23

international stage to mislead the public with prevarication and deliberate falsehoods
and blacken China's name. But this cannot pull the wool over the eyes of the
international community, he addedHong said it was Japan who had illegally

snatched uninhabited islands, called the Diaoyu by China and the Senkaku by
Japan, that are at the center of the territorial dispute.China was resolute in its
determination to protect its sovereignty in the East and South China Seas, Hong
said,
adding
that
China
wanted
these
disputes
resolved
via
dialogue.
China's ties with Japan have long been poisoned by what China sees as Japan's
failure to atone for its brutal occupation of parts of China before and during World
War II.Beijing's anger over the past is never far from the surface, and relations have
deteriorated sharply over the past two years because of the island dispute.
China's claims over islands, reefs and atolls in resource-rich waters off its south
coast and to the east of mainland Southeast Asia have also set it directly against
Vietnam and the Philippines, where Brunei, Taiwan and Malaysia have claims too.
Kyodo News International March 28, 2014 1:06am


24

Abe raises China's bluster over disputed

territory at G-7 summit
(Globalpost/GlobalPost)
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said Thursday that he raised the issue of China's air and
maritime assertiveness in territorial disputes with neighboring countries during a

meeting of Group of Seven leaders earlier this week.
On an FM radio program broadcast on Thursday in Japan, Abe said he raised at the
G-7 meeting in The Hague China's attempt to change the status quo through
coercion -- and drew an analogy to Russia's annexation of Crimea, warning
something similar could happen in Asia.
"What's happening in Crimea isn't merely an issue for this region (Europe), but it
could happen in Asia. In that sense, it is an issue for the whole of the international
community," he said, apparently with China's territorial disputes with Japan and
other neighboring countries in mind.
Since China established an air defense identification zone over much of the East
China Sea in November, including over islands controlled by Japan but claimed by
China, Tokyo has characterized the move as Beijing's attempt to change the status
quo through coercion.
Abe said he told the other G-7 leaders that Asia faces "a rising China" and "things
are happening in the South China Sea and the East China Sea."
Abe said other G-7 leaders appeared to share his concern.
The Japanese premier and the leaders of Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy
and the United States met in the Netherlands on Monday on the sidelines of a
nuclear security summit to discuss the crisis in Ukraine.

25


26


27

A fire broke out at a coffeeshop in Balestier, SCDF is fighting

the fire right now. Here are some photos of the scene our
viewers shared with us. 30.3.2014

28


29

March 8 , 2014
Tai Zhuang
( )
(Guangxi)
(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)

(Yunnan) (Guangdong)(Guizhou)
(Hunan)


30

Jai Aik Khaytai

Ref:
-http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_people
-
- ()
-

31


32

November 20, 2013

33

September 10, 2013


34

( )
()

()
""

"" ()
()
()
"" ()
"" ""
"" (Pa Yi)

(Si Tan Dorn)

(Chieng Rung = )

()
() ()
()

35


36

..
August 27, 2013
..
......
...
...
Documentary
...

37

December 17, 2012
.."
"

38


( )

()
()

Searching Fire
( )


39


.. ..

()

..


40

()

()

41


..

.. ..


42

()
(

)
Kaiser Insurance
(Rectal Examination)

(Biopsy)

(Adenocarcinoma)
(Mild Acute Chronic Inflammation)


43

LA

PSA 0.8

Biopsy
Biopsy

Costco


44

Website
Internet
Google Mangosteen

Xanthone

Xanthone

(Mangosteen Juice)
(Mangosteen Capsule) Website

(Mangosteen Juice)

(Mangosteen Capsule) Freeze Dry

Freeze Dry Googgle Freeze Dry

Freezer
April to September

45

Freeze Dry
Freeze Dry

Freezer

PSA
Biopsy
()

(Biopsy)
Negative
(Chronic
Inflammation
4156652279/Skype:Harry.lin 7/Email:solarprinting@gmail.com


46

(Alkaline)

(Alkaline PH)

Email

Beet

Smoothy


47

MOEMAKA
()
()
()(-)

48

()
()

(SEZs)
()

49

(one tam
boom one product)

()

()

-- (-- )

50

Polaris Burmese Library Collections
Col
Vol. 526
(
)
( ) MOEMAKA

Dhaka
Tribune
()
()

()
()
(-)
51

/
(-) (-)
()

52

http://burmese.dvb.no/archives/53812
DVB

53

()

MOEMAKA

()

54

( )

/
/

() ()
()

---

55

()


56

...

MOEMAKA

( )

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57


() ()
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58


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()
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59


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60


()
MOEMAKA

61


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62


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NLD

()


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66


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67

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MOEMAKA
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68


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MOEMAKA
CNEEC

73

Col
Vol. 526
CNEEC
(CNEEC
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75

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Age

76

MOEMAKA
secular

77

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secular
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79

()


80

Maung Shaw Loo
Maung Shaw Loo - Class of 1864

Bucknell's First International Student
Bucknell University's first international student, Maung Shaw Loo, Class of 1864, was the
first Burmese native to study in the United States. He arrived in Pennsylvania in 1858 to
study at the Academy, preparatory branch of the University at Lewisburg (renamed Bucknell
University in 1886).
Born in 1839 in Moulmein, the eldest son of U Shwe Tha and Dwa Hla, the first converts of
the pioneering Baptist missionary Adoniram Judson, the early years of Maung Shaw Loo
were difficult. U Shwe Tha, a scholar of the Burmese language who tutored British officers,
developed an addiction to alcohol that led to divorce in 1854. Because of these family
problems, Shaw Loo grew up in the care of relatives.
At age fifteen, Shaw Loo went to Calcutta to pursue his studies which were interrupted three
years later by the Sepoy Mutiny. He returned to Burma and was baptized in 1857 by U Shew
Aye, pastor of the Burmese Baptist Church at the Royal Lakes. Shaw Loo's religious
commitment linked him to the Baptist Mission in Moulmein where he was encouraged to
continue his studies at the University of Lewisburg by Eugenio Kincaid, the missionary who
had returned to Burma after aiding in the founding of the university. The university's Board
of Trustees made Shaw Loo's education possible by voting to remit tuition and fees.

81

Maung Shaw Loo - in native dress

Mrs. Marilla Ingalls traveled with Shaw Loo on the voyage from England in 1858. It is
believed that he paid for his passage by working as a cabin boy. Once Shaw Loo arrived in
the United States, he made his way from New York to Lewisburg where he received a warm
welcome. Adjusting quickly to American life, he became a brother of the Phi Kappa Psi
fraternity, attended the Junior and Senior Class parties with a large group of his friends, and
earned spending money by working as a gardener and caretaker for Dr. Thomas F. Curtis,
Professor of Theology. Shaw Loo gave a number of informative talks on Burmese culture and
customs that were well-received by Lewisburg audiences.
After his graduation from the university in 1864, Shaw Loo was admitted to the newly
organized Charity Hospital Medical College in Cleveland, Ohio, where he obtained his
degree in 1867. An appeal to collect surgical equipment and books published in the Medical
and Surgical Reporter enabled him to begin medical practice in Burma. Before leaving the
United States, he met President Andrew Johnson who provided a letter containing an
excellent personal recommendation of Dr. Shaw Loo to the King of Burma.
Shaw Loo visited England and France briefly before returning to his country in 1868. For the
next ten years, he assisted Dr. Ellen Mitchell at the Mission Hospital in Moulmein where he
received practical training. Later, the government appointed him Science Master at the State
High School in Rangoon. He was named Medical Adviser, and became a member of the
school's governing body. The government also created a special position for Shaw Loo. He
became Inspector of Schools for Science. In that capacity, he visited all high schools
throughout Burma.
Shaw Loo then decided to devote his life to mission work and his own medical dispensary.
He also started a family. His first wife, Lucy Pereira, bore four sons and three daughters. She
died giving birth to her last child. Two years later, Shaw Loo married Daw Shwe, HeadDemocracy and Human Rights Without Borders

82


Mistress of the American Baptist Mission Girls' School. They had a son and two daughters,
the youngest of whom was Elizabeth (Daw Huin Aye), born in 1894.
Maung Shaw Loo fondly remembered his years at Lewisburg and kept in touch through
correspondence. At age 83, in a 1922 letter to the Bucknell Alumni Monthly, he reported
news of his family. One son was a doctor who worked for the Burmese railroad system.
Elizabeth was teaching at the Government High School. Two of his grandsons had served in
the military during World War I. One died in Mespot; the other returned from battle
unharmed. A third grandson was in military training at Madras when the war ended.
In later years, Elizabeth maintained Shaw Loo's connection to Lewisburg. In 1958 she
attended the Burma-Bucknell Weekend at her father's alma mater. Maung Shaw Loo died
October 10, 1929, revered as a prominent physician and educator in his native country. He
will also be remembered for the critical role he played in joining together the diverse worlds
of Burma and Bucknell.
At right: Dr. Shaw Loo, M.A., M.D., about to address the Mass Meeting of the Judson
Centennial Convention held in Moulmein on the 14th December 1913 at the Judson Hall. On
the table are Dr. Judson's Burmese Holy Bible and his two dictionaries.

83


84

Maung Shaw Loo

Thant Myint-U
Exactly 150 years ago: Maung Shaw Loo became the first ever
Burmese to graduate from university in America. The Moulmein
native was 25 years old at the time. He went from a bachelors
degree at Bucknell Univesity to medical studies in Ohio, and
even met US President Andrew Johnson (who gave him a letter
for King Mindon) before returning home in 1868. His full
biography is available here: https://www.bucknell.edu/x1384.xml

85

American President Grant


86

Thant Myint-U
March 20, 2014
Today in 1879: Ulysses Grant, former US President and commander of Union armies
during the Civil War arrived in Rangoon for a short visit. He was on a round-the-
world tour following his retirement as president in 1877.President Grant and his
family were entertained at Government House (now destroyed), where he and then
Chief Commissioner HT White discussed the possibility of a future "Anglo-Saxon
League" to "impose peace on the world".President Grant found Burma to be a much
more prosperous place than India, the people more liberal and free from bigotry. He
was very impressed with Rangoon and predicted that it would become one of the
biggest and most important cities in Asia. Only five US Presidents have ever been to
Myanmar: Ulysses Grant, Herbert Hoover (who lived in Maymyo), Richard Nixon
(twice), Jimmy Carter (recently) and Barack Obama (the only sitting president to
visit).The photograph is from his days as a Union general. I don't know if there are
any from his stay in Rangoon.

87

Thant Myint-U
January 16 , 2014
Today is the birth anniversary of Myanmar's archtypal warriorking Bayinnaung who was born 16 January 1516. His polyglot
empire dominated mainland southeast Asia, integrating the
Irrawaddy valley with the Tai-speaking uplands and Chao Phraya

88

valley
to
the
east.
His
personal
name
was
The map shows Bayinnaung's empire at its height c. 1565 after

his conquests of Siam, and the Lanna and Lanxang kingdoms.
The even more cosmopolitan empire of Arakan was of course
then a separate and significant power.The map is from GE
Harvey's 1925 History of Burma. What the map doesn't show is
that many of the areas within the purported borders were only
indirectly administered, if at all. The highlands such as the Chin
and Kachin hills were never administered by any central
authority until colonial times.

89

Thant Myint-U
December 24, 2013

Over these three days in 1941: Over 2,000 people killed in Rangoon by Japanese
bombers. On 23 December and on Christmas Day Japanese Mitsubishi bombers

escorted by fighter planes heavily bombed Rangoon, including with incendiary
bombs. There has never been any memorial to the men, women and children killed
that day. The 2,000 dead (and many more wounded) were out of a total population
of less than 500,000.

90

Why a Boeing 777 costs $320 million

Paul Ausick, 24/7 Wall St. 6:30 a.m. EDT March 30, 2014
The Malaysian Airlines plane that has disappeared on a scheduled flight from Kuala Lumpur
to Beijing is a 777-200ER from Boeing (BA). The 777 family of planes itself is Boeing's best
selling dual-aisle, two-engine plane. Through the end of February Boeing has delivered a
total of 422 of the 777-200ERs including 15 to Malaysian Airlines. Of 370 planes on order
from the 777 family, none is a 777-200ER.
The company delivered its first 777-200 to United Airlines in May 1995, and the plane went
into service the following month. The first extended range model, the 777-200ER, was
delivered to and put into service by British Airways in February 1997. At list price today, the
777-200ER would cost $261.5 million and would be the lowest priced model of the 777
family.
Boeing's order book currently includes 257 new 777-300ER models; 44 777F freighters; and
66 777X models. The list price for the 777-300ER is $320.2 million. That's nearly $71
million more than the two-engine 787-9 which Boeing announced last summer and for which
the company has taken orders for 404 planes.
The 777 includes 3 million parts that come from 500 suppliers around the world. Boeing uses
three suppliers for the 777-200ER's two engines: General Electric (GE); Pratt & Whitney, a
subsidiary of United Technologies (UTX); and London-listed Rolls Royce. The 777-300ER
uses two GE engines each of which develops 115,540 pounds of thrust.

91


The 777-200ER has a maximum cruising range of just over 6,000 miles, while the -300ER's
range is listed at slightly more than 9,100 miles. Cruising speed is 560 mph and maximum
speed is 590 mph. The plane's maximum cruising altitude is 43,100 feet.
According to Boeing, a lightly loaded 777 can accelerate from zero to 60 mph in less than 6
seconds. Not exactly McLaren P1 speeds (about 2.1 seconds), but an empty 777 weighs 150
tons.
What makes the plane so expensive? The 777-300ER can carry 365 passengers compared
with the 787-9's capacity of 280. The GE engines on the 777 model develop 62% more thrust
than the 787's two engines. The plane is also longer than the Dreamliner, has a greater
wingspan and a greater wing area, and is taller. The maximum take-off weight of the 777300ER is 114 tons greater than the 787-9.
When the new composite wing is added to the 777X, the list price on the plane will rise to
$349.8 million for the 777-8X which can carry 350 passengers and to $377.2 million for the
777-9X that has capacity for 400 passengers. The list price is usually the starting point in
negotiations between an airplane maker and customer. The actual selling price may be 20%
to 30% lower or more, according to Leeham News and Comment's website.
The 787 surpasses the 777 in maximum range around 9,750 miles to just under 9,100
miles and fuel efficiency. For long-haul flights, the 787, which replaces the discontinued
767, is likely a better choice mainly because it is more fuel efficient.
But the 777 family will not be cannibalized by the 787. Far from it.

92

London's skyline, with St Paul's, Gherkin, Cheesegrater and Walkie-talkie. Photograph: Peter
Macdiarmid/Getty Images

93

NCCT meeting to be held in Chaing Mai

Published on Saturday, 29 March 2014 22:30
http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/
The meeting between the Government and NCCT on March 9 in MPC. (Photo - EMG)
The meeting of Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team (NCCT) will be held in Chaing
Mai, Thailand from April 2 -3, according to NCCT.
The NCCT meeting is held for discussion among the ethnic armed forces before they
meet in Yangon on April 5 and 6 peace talks. The leaders from Kachin Independence
Organization (KIO) have reached Chaing Mai, according to San Aung of Peace
Coordination Group (PCG).
We heard that Major General Gwan Maw, deputy chief of staff of the Kachin
Independence Army (KIA), will attend the Yangon meeting. We will know for sure
when the time is near. Major General Gwan Maw will attend the Chaing Mai meeting.
All the representatives from NCCT will hold a preliminary meeting. All the 16
members will attend the meeting, said San Aung.

94

Both sides anticipate for signing a nationwide ceasefire agreement. Participation of

all representatives from both sides gives confidence to the meeting result, according
to Aung Naing Oo of Myanmar Peace Center (MPC).
Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team (NCCT) was formed during the Laiza
meeting of ethnic armed organizations held from October 30 to November 2, 2013.
Naing Han Thar from New Mon State Party (NMSP), Major General Gwan Maw from
KIO, and Pado Kwe Htoo Win of Karen National Unity (KNU) are taking leadership
role in NCCT.

95

President meets representatives from all political

parties
Published on Sunday, 30 March 2014 21:19
http://www.elevenmyanmar.com
Yangon-Only 11 political parties out of 63 gained access to direct presentation to
President Thein Sein.
A ceremony to meet all political parties by President Thein Sein was held at Yangon
Region Government Office on March 29, attended by 179 representatives from 63

out of 65 registered political parties. The parties had to draw lots for the right to
direct presentation to the President because time is difficult for the head to meet all.
The parties of gaining access to direct presentation to the President are Kayan
National Party, Chin Progressive Party, 88s Generation Student Youths (Union of
Myanmar), Union Pa-O National Organisation, National Democratic Force, Chin
National Democratic Party, Myanmar New Society Democratic Party, All Mon Regions
Democracy Party, Zomi League for Democracy, National Development and Peace
Party and Shan Nationalities Democratic Party.
"Let me think I give each party five minutes for discussion. If 60 parties are
discussed, there will be 300 minutes. We divide into two sections for discussions. In
the first section, I will take part in. In the second section, Union ministers and the
chairman of Union Election Commission will participate in the discussions. If

something is left for discussions, letters can be sent to us and we will handle the
matters, said the President.
In his meeting with the representatives from the political parties, he said that efforts
are being exerted to hold a political dialogue with all the ethnics for the emergence
of the Union based on federal regime. After the nationwide ceasefire, we will draft
political frames inclusive of main forces. The political dialogue is now under
preparation and we will choose those who are participating in the drafting political
frames and how to do.

96

Doors are kept open for discussions except the matters related to secession from
the Union and the issue related to encroachment on sovereignty, said the President.
We must stick to the principle of amending the constitution in order to be in
harmony with political, economic and social needs of the entire society of ours in
accord with an opportune time. I have a political goodwill allowing any citizen to
take the lead in the political affairs of the country. On the other hand, I am willing to
witness the principles that can safeguard the interest of the people and the country
as well as the integrity of the national sovereignty, said the President.
The nationwide ceasefire is aimed not only at reaching a durable stage but also at
paving the way for holding political dialogues. The signatories are to approve a clear
determination in order not to take a U-turn, said the President.
The parties gave presentations on peace matters, constitutional amendments and
their difficulties and census matters.
The National Democratic Force party reported the President for cancelling national
defence and security council and entrusting the duties and authorization to the
President, reducing the number of representatives of defence service personel in the

future parliaments, abolishing the Ministry of Border, keeping the Ministry of Border
under the control of the Ministry of Home Affairs and giving priority to appoint nonmilitary persons at all minister positions.
Zo Zam, the chairman of Chin National Democratic Party, reported the President for
not allowing defence service personnel to cast the vote again and holding five-sided
meeting including an ethnic representative instead of four-sided.
The President met political parties three times before, but now he did all ones
including the opposition party for the first time.

97

Ministers discuss ceasefire process with political

parties
Political parties met with Ministers of the Presidents Office on Saturday evening at the
Myanmar Peace Center to discuss various issues including a nation-wide ceasefire and
constitutional reform.
Some political parties voiced concerns over political dialogue with ethnic armed
groups, while the ethnic parties consulted over the economic needs in their
respective states and regions.There are many inconveniences as we are moving
from one system to another; the polarity between the new and old systems is big,
said Minister Aung Min.We have to abandon the old system of the past. In doing so,
we are trying to take lessons from the old to result the best in the new. Some
cannot yet get out of the old system while some claim to overcome it, but their
mindset remains deeply buried in the old system, he added.The ministers meeting
followed an earlier meeting between political parties and President Thein Sein on
Saturday morning at Yangon Regional Governments Mingalar Hall.
Aung Min said that as part of the current cease-fire process, negotiations were
ongoing not only between ethnic armed groups but also between the military,
government and parliament.After the ceasefire, political dialogue was another crucial
stage of the peace process. This will necessitate the participation of political parties,
ethnic communities, armed groups and other key stakeholders, said the minister.Hla
Maung Shwe, an official from Myanmar Peace Center, said that parties should
negotiate in advance with one another for how to participate in the dialogue.A total
of 63 political parties, including National League for Democracy, attended a meeting

with President Thein Sein on Saturday but not all of them showed up in the evening
meeting with the ministers.

98

Army chief speaks out in support of 2008

Constitution
Published on Friday, 28 March 2014 22:45
Senior General Min Aung Hlaing attends the 69th Armed Forces Day (Photo-EMG)
Senior General Min Aung Hlaing has said that the 2008 Constitution can only be
amended in accord with the law if necessary.
The commander-in-chief of Myanmars armed forces, or Tatmadaw, gave a speech
to assembled soldiers and military commanders in the capital Nay Pyi Taw on
Thursday to mark Armed Forces Day.The constitution is not intended to enact for a
person, a party, an organisation, an ethnic tribe or the army, said the
general. Legislative power, executive power and juridical power are separated, to
the extent possible, and exert reciprocal control among themselves. The main
requirement is to divide the legislative and rights intended for regions and states as
prescribed in the constitution chapter 9(A), he added.

99

The general reiterated the armys responsibility to protect the country, reminding the
parade ground that 24 out of 26 million voters gave their support to the military-
drafted charter. Armed Forces Day commemorates the 69th anniversary of the
Tatmadaws resistance against the Japanese, who had occupied the country then
known as Burma during World War II. At that time, all youths who loved their
country fought for the country. I say strongly that the Tatmadaw was born as a
union army to fight for the independence based on patriotism, said the commander-
in-chief.Since President Thein Sein began a series of reforms in 2011, aiming at

regaining Myanmars international standing and opening the country to foreign
investment, changes in the former junta-ruled country have occurred very fast.
But despite the opening of parliament and legalisation of opposition parties, power
remains largely in the hands of the army and former military parties. Political
reforms are still moving ahead due to the 2008 Constitution, said President Thein
Sein during a speech in parliament marking the third anniversary of his
governments tenure.Calls for amendment of the constitution is very wide spread.
But all citizens must follow the enactments in Chapter 12 to amend the constitution,
he added, referring to Act 436 which requires 75 percent of both houses of

parliament, followed by a majority of votes in a national referendum to approve any
changes. The 2008 Constitution has been the main focus of the opposition National
League of Democracy (NLD) which sees the current charter as a main barrier to
carrying democratic reforms.
As well as barring opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi from running for office,
experts say it is one of the most difficult constitutions to amend. It guarantees the
military 25 percent of seats in parliament and a de facto veto on any
changes. Despite this, Suu Kyi daughter of the late General Aung San who
founded the Tamadaw has been reaching out to the army to embrace reforms
and regain the public trust. The army must be the basis of the country. If that
happens, it will be very good for our country. All can be proud of the army, and love
and respect will reciprocally flourish among us, said Aung San Suu Kyi during a
meeting in Pa-an in Kayin State on January 18.She added that much needed national
reconciliation, unity and rule of law in Myanmar will be improved once the
constitution is amended.

100

Suu Kyi and Shwe Mann hold joint press conference

Ruling party chairman, Thura Shwe Mann and opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi
held a joint press conference on Wednesday in an unusual display of inter-party

cooperation.
The press conference took place in Nay Pyi Taw after President Thein Sein delivered
a speech to parliament to mark the third anniversary of his governments tenure. To
establish a better democratic culture, we need to accept the term opposition
wholeheartedly, said Suu Kyi. In democratic countries the opposition does not to
oppose everything the government does. It just prevents the government from
doing anything with the use of force. In this regard, we have to seek coordination
with the government, she continued.The NLD chairperson added that discussion
and coordination were necessary between the different political parties to make sure
democracy becomes deeply rooted in the country.
The two leaders said that both parties once regarded each other as enemies, but
that that was in the past and pledged to cooperate for the sake of national
reconciliation. Shwe Mann and Suu Kyi have had frequent meetings to discuss
parliamentary and political affairs, and have been vocal about seeking to amend the
2008 Constitution. The current charter bars Suu Kyi from running for president in the
2015 elections. Thura Shwe Mann, who is head of the ruling Union Solidarity and
Development Party (USDP) as well as speaker of the Union Assembly, has long been
suspected of eyeing the presidency, but he has yet to announce his candidacy.
With regard to his political opponent he said:I deal with a person who is strident
with great care. But the dealing is better because there might be rightfulness and
confidence behind that strident person. Both leaders assured each other that they
would try to win the election in a fair and sincere manner. They dismissed clashes
between the government and parliament, describing it as political gossip. While the
government and military have existed for many years, parliament is relatively new
institution in Myanmar, playing a ever growing role since Thein Seins reformist
government took office three years ago.

101

They agreed that public support is needed for parliament to work and to form the
basis of a sustainable democracy. When asked about the role of military as
emphasised by the president in his speech Shwe Mann declined to answer. Suu
Kyi, however, said that she wanted the military once again to win the affection and
trust of the people. She added that the NLD does not support the current
constitution and the peace process should be carried as part of the political reform
process if democracy is really to be achieved.
The military must stand tall under a political system aspired by the people, said
Suu Kyi. During the press conference, the two leaders answered the questions from
reporters, including on constitutional amendments and proposals for a four-side
meeting between the two party leaders, the president and the acting head of the
armed forces.

102

Army chief urges for ceasefire before political talks

Senior General Min Aung Hlaing has warned that political dialogue without a complete
ceasefire would lead to more armed conflict with ethnic groups.
The commander-in-chief of Myanmars armed forces was speaking to assembled

troops at the commemoration of 69th Armed Forces Day in Nay Pyi Taw on
Thursday.He blamed the long-standing armed conflict between the army and various
ethnic armed groups on the lack of development, saying that armed conflict was an
important issue to be solved for the democratic transition to succeed.Armed conflict
is unacceptable in any democratic nation in the world. He urged. The national
ceasefire and all ethnic armed forces to be legalised is important for the countrys
eternal peace, said the general. He added that forging unity among different ethnic
groups is one of the main priorities for the country today. Failure of ethnic unity
leads to state collapse and may even lead to a loss of sovereignty, he said. The
general also warned to be careful in writing and expressing opinions against national
solidarity as they are barriers to eternal peace. He also urged to avoid any acts that
serves in ones self interest rather than in the national interest. General Min Aung
Hlaing quoted former General Ne Wins speech on Union Day in 1964, saying: in
building an economically and socially developed Myanmar, which is made up of

various national races, unity among the national races is the most fundamental point
and all the national races need to accept this.He also mentioned General Than
Shwes speech on march 25, 1996 during the opening of Taung Nyo Dam in Bago
Region, saying that the government and army are busy working for the publics
interest.

103

Suu Kyi urges president to convene quadrilateral

meeting
Published on Thursday, 27 March 2014 21:27
NLD chairperson Aung San Suu Kyi and chairperson of the ruling Union Solidarity and
Development Party Thura Shwe Mann at a press briefing on Wednesday (March 26).
Amending the constitution will depend on a four-sided meeting that only President
Thein Sein can convene, National League for Democracy (NLD) chairperson Aung San
Suu Kyi told a joint press briefing with the chairperson of the ruling Union Solidarity
and Development Party on Wednesday (March 26).
She said this upon being asked whether she could persuade the commander-inchief, Min Aung Hlaing, to arrange the quadrilateral meeting.
In my opinion, sending a letter to the president should be enough. And that is
because only the president can convene this meeting. I have no right to say who

104

should be at the meeting. I really believe that only the president can organize the
four-sided meeting and thats why I sent a letter addressing the president, said Suu
Kyi.
Thura Shwe Mann, chairperson of the Union Parliament, said that he is prepared to
attend the quadrilateral meeting and that therefore only the agreement of the
president and the commander-in-chief remains before such a meeting can be
convened.
Only such a meeting can form the basis for discussion about the constitutional
amendment, and he supports the meeting, said Shwe Mann.
The basic principle of success depends on meeting, discussion and coordination.
Doubts can be erased by a meeting. I have agreed to hold the four-sided meeting.
Cooperation is the best for doing business. The reason we always meet is to discuss
the future of our country and about the parliament. That way, we can exchange our
views, said Thura Shwe Mann.
Amending the constitution with enough time before the general election also
depends on the quadrilateral meeting, said Suu Kyi, dismissing the presidents
concern that amending the constitution could lead to political crisis.
The current preparation to amend the constitution wont lead to political instability.
On the contrary: the more discussion there is, the better. For their part, the
government dont want the country on the road of violence and they want to keep
away from unnecessary conflicts, she said.
The NLD, for its part, has sent a letter to the president, the parliamentary speaker,
the commander-in-chief and its own leader asking them to hold a meeting.
The President has said that he would consider such a meeting only after the Union
Assemblys Joint Committee for Constitutional Amendments report has been

released.
At present, the public is overwhelmingly in favour of amending the constitution and
holding the quadrilateral meeting.

105

Suu Kyi meets residents in Mogok, Mandalay-based

writers in Pyin Oo Lwin
Published on Monday, 24 March 2014 23:37
National League for Democracy chairperson Aung San Suu Kyi met with local residents
in Mogok, Mandalay Region on Friday evening and Saturday morning (March 21-22) to
educate the public on amending the 2008 Constitution.
The NLD leaders public talk was held at Aung Nan Yat Stadium on Friday evening
and the meeting with local residents from Mogok Township was held in Kyatpyin
Township, seven miles west of Mogok, on Saturday morning. Thousands of local
residents attended the two public events.
As well as Suu Kyi, Win Myint and Aung Kyi Tun were also on hand to discuss
constitutional amendment issues and answer questions from local residents.
Suu Kyi then travelled from Mogok-Kyatpyin area to Pyin Oo Lwin to meet with
Mandalay-based writers at the Royal Roses Rose Garden. This meeting was specially
arranged for Mandalay-based writers who did not attend the second Irrawaddy
Literary Festival in Mandalay. About 50 writers attended the meeting with the NLD
leader.
The Mandalay-based writers told Suu Kyi that they expect the NLD to compete in the
2015 Election, as the public hopes. She replied that the party will try to fulfill the
peoples expectations as much as possible.

106

Presidents Office turns down request for meeting

with political prisoners in Myitkyina
The Presidents Office has verbally replied to a letter sent by the Political Prisoners
Scrutinizing Committee by refusing the committees request to meet with four political
prisoners in Myitkyina jail, committee member Ye Aung told the Daily Eleven.
There are four political prisoners who are serving their jail terms in Myitkyina jail,
three of whom are jailed under Section 17 (1) after being charged with having links
to the Kachin Independence Army (KIA). In addition, they are facing trial on last
years bomb blast cases.
Another prisoner is Moepyar Abbot U Nyanna. This is the third time he is under
arrest. We asked for meeting with them so as to know the facts about them, said
Ye Aung, adding thatthanks to the governments burning desire to cooperate
the committee has been able to do the majority of its work successfully.
However, when the government granted amnesty to political prisoners at the end of
December last year, it made a blanket declaration that no more political prisoners
remains in jails. On the contrary, say organizations working on their behalf, political
prisoners remain behind bars in Myanmar.
With respect to this matter, it seems the government has assumed that those who
remain in jail are not political prisoners based on the Sections under which theyve
been arrested, Ye Aung said.
But we have designated them as political prisoners. In the time of military rule,
especially [during the heyday of the National Intelligence Bureau], political prisoners
were jailed under the pretext of various sections. It remains a difficult problem.
During this year, the committees meetings have been delayed twice.

107

Thein Sein govt mimicking SLORC/SPDC with

clampdown on press freedomCPJ
The news page of CPJ website, featuring the letter sent to the president.
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has expressed concern about shrinking
press freedom in Myanmar, pointing to a mounting clampdown on journalists similar
to the repression they faced under the military junta.
The CPJ made the remark in a letter sent to President Thein Sein on Monday (March
17).The letter, signed by CPJ Executive Director Joel Simon, also expressed concern
over the Information Ministry-drafted Printing and Publishing Enterprise Bill and the
Official Secrets Act charges against Unity Weekly journalists for their coverage of an

108

alleged chemical weapons facility.In the letter, the CPJ expressed its concern about
shrinking press freedom in Myanmar and urged President Thein Sein to veto media
legislation that was passed this month by parliament. The bill maintains a censorship
role for state authorities and threatens to reverse several of the gains achieved to
date under the governments democratic reform programme, the CPJ pointed out.
The Printers and Publishers Registration Bill, which was drafted by the Ministry of
Information without the input of journalists, fails through various provisions to free
the press from decades of heavy-handed state oversight. In particular, the
legislation bans broadly the publication of any materials that insult religion, disturb
the rule of law, incite unrest, violate the constitution, or harm ethnic unity, the
letter stated.Moreover, a newly created registrar under the legislation will have
sweeping discretionary power to issue and revoke publishing licences. CPJ research
shows that similar bodies in other countries frequently abuse their authority for
political purposes, pressuring publications with the threat of revoking their licences
into self-censoring coverage of topics deemed sensitive, said CPJ.
These provisions are inconsistent with the presidents calls in previous speeches for
the press to function as the fourth pillar of the countrys new democratic order, it
added.A case in point are the Official Secrets Act charges recently pressed against
four Unity Weekly journalists for their coverage of an alleged chemical weapons
facility in Myanmars central region. If convicted of the broad and ill-defined charges,
they each face 14 years in prison. The government has also recently taken steps to
restrict foreign reporting by curbing the duration of journalist visas and blocking
access
to
violence-wracked
areas
of
the
country,
the
letter
said.
CPJ said these actions point to a mounting clampdown on press freedom similar to
the repression journalists faced under the military junta in which the president
served as prime minister.
Your government could restore confidence in its reform intention by scrapping the
media legislation that now awaits your approval and by moving to revoke Burmas
other laws that are used to harass, threaten, and jail journalists, said the CPJ.
Despite the letters request that Thein Sein withdraw the Printing and Publishing
Enterprise Bill, state-run newspapers reported on March 19 that the president had
signed the bill into law.

109

Democracy, human rights work must continue to

the endAung San Suu Kyi
Published on Monday, 17 March 2014 21:22
YANGONThe fight to achieve full democracy and human rights in Myanmar must
continue until these goals are achieved, National League for Democracy chairperson
Aung San Suu Kyi said on Sunday (March 16), at an event commemorating the 26th
anniversary of Red Bridge Day.
Red Bridge Day refers to a bloody massacre near the since-removed White Bridge on
the west bank of Inya Lake. It was there, on March 16, 1988, that members of the
Hlon Htein riot police beat dozens of student protesters to death, sparking further
demonstrations that led to the nationwide pro-democracy uprising.At Sundays event
marking the birth of the Yangon University Students movement, which was held at
Inya Lake, Suu Kyis message honoured all those who took part in the movement,
including the many who gave their lives for it.Those who participated in the Red
Bridge movement need to take responsibility for the hard work of democracy and
human rights until the very end, bearing in mind that milestones such as Red Bridge
Day remind us not to forget what happened that day and the historic values we have
always cherished, she said.
In March 1988, many Yangon University Students lost their lives while peacefully
demonstrating against the dictatorship, due to the crackdown by the then-military
government. Many more students were also arrested that month.Around March
1988, the publics dislike of the then-government was based entirely on the various
difficulties they faced. The students took the front rows of the demonstrations to
represent the public. The incidents that happened 26 years ago reflected the sorry
state of the entire nations society, its economy, its politics and its rule of law, Suu
Kyi said, adding that those who sacrificed their lives fighting unfairness and
oppression must be honoured. The Red Bridge Committee also made a statement at
the event. In order to become a fair and free society, the committee said, and if
Myanmar hopes to avoid similar bad historical incidents again and become an equal
and fair federal Union, national reconciliation is a must.

110

NBF says it will decide federal system based on

political situation
A family living at Eiduhta IDP camp in KNU-controlled area (Photo-Nyan Win Shein).
The National Brotherhood Federation (NBF) says it will be flexible regarding the
number of states to form a federal system and will make its decision based on the
political situation.
During a meeting at the NBFs headquarters with representatives of the Nationwide
Ceasefire Coordination Team (NCCT), NBF members were told that they should not
publicly declare the number of states without knowing the federal system.
We shouldnt be saying that the federal will be formed with eight, or 14, or 15
states while we dont know the type of federal system. If we do that, it will be

111

difficult to negotiate between all the political forces. The NBF also needs not to keep
other organizations under its thumb, said NCCT member Colonel Khun Okka.
The NBF has responded that the NCCTs concern is overstated.
We dont have a policy of claiming eight, or 14, or 15 states. Dont believe those
statements if we dont announce them officially. They are attacking us personally,
said
NBF
spokesperson
Zoe
San.
Another NBF spokesperson said the federation is being fair in its cooperative efforts.
Although the NBF can cooperate with the current government or other political
parties in current political situation, we are not subordinating them. The above
mentioned statements were not announced by the NBF, said Sai Saw Than Myint.
The Federal Union Party (FDP), formed with representatives from the member
parties of the NBF, will compete in every constituency where ethnic parties do not
compete in the 2015 election. Later they intend to stand as a larger political party.
The NBF will not accept other political parties in the FDP either, Sai Saw Than Myint
said.

112

Ethnic political parties separately discuss peace affairs

www.elevenmyanmar
YANGONMembers of the Federal Democracy Alliance (FDA), comprised of 11
organisations, along with the United Nationalities Alliance (UNA) and the Nationwide
Ceasefire Coordination Team (NCCT) separately discussed activities related to the
peace process on Wednesday.
The NCCT met with the FDA at the Myanmar Peace Center in Yangon on the
morning of March 12. On that occasion, Col. Khun Okka from the NCCT said that the
government and ethnic armed groups were much closer to signing a ceasefire
agreement. He added that he would personally strive to reach a fair and square
peace process.Khin Maung Swe from the FDA said that everyone nowadays
including the government and ethnic armed groupsis participating in the peace
process, so it is very important to achieve peace and thus end a 65-year-long battle.
If a nationwide ceasefire is achieved before 2015, it could help resolve
implementation of a federal system, end human rights abuses, and democratize the
2008 Constitution, said Khin Maung Swe.NCCT members also met with UNA
members at the office of the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD)
yesterday, afternoon.The NCCT, UNA and FDA are our colleagues who are leaders
in ethnic affairs. We informed them [former ethnic leaders] of our latest data and
accepted their guidance according to their experience. We took their advice, which
will support us in future discussions, said Col. Khun Okka.When solving conflicts
that have occurred over more than six decades in Myanmar, we cant carry out a
settlement of hostilities between the government and ethnic armed groups with an
agreement that will last for only one or two years, said SNLD chairperson Khun
Htoo Oo, who is also member of the UNA.From my experience, Myanmars peace
process is very close to becoming reality because the government body, the
parliament and Tatmadaw [army] are now participating in it. We are ready to
participate in the peace process if the government will invite the ethnic leaders and
parties.

113

Govt-sponsored MPC is not trustworthy, say ethnic

federations
NCCT and NBF officials hold meeting in Yangon on March 11 (Photo-Zin Bo

Lwin/EMG).
The Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team and Nationalities Brotherhood
Federation have said they dont believe in the Myanmar Peace Center, which is serving
as a government peace negotiator with the ethnic armed groups.
The two groups made their comment during a meeting with MPC officials in Yangon
yesterday. Before the meeting they also held a discussion at the office Nationalities
Brotherhood Federation (NBF) formed with 20 ethnic parties.The groups say that
MPC invites Zo Zan, a spokesperson for the NBF, once a month for discussion.
Another spokesperson, Sai Saw Than Myint, was asked to visit MPC officials about
three months ago, they said.

114

The MPC is not the one we should trust the most. It has the duty to disrupt our
activities. We have visited MPC officials many times. We met with the UNA (United
Nationalities Alliance) but they wanted to disturb us. They want to stifle our
reconciliation efforts with anyone, including Bamar parties. The reason for inviting us
to meet them once a month is to brainwash us, said Colonel Khun Okka, a member
of the Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team (NCCT) formed with representatives

from the ethnic armed groups.
He said the MPC wanted to mislead them about the nature of the federal principle
they have requested by appointing so-called professionals, such as doctoral degree

holders, those who have graduated from foreign countries and presidential advisers.
Their invitation to call a meeting once a month is aimed at forcing others to accept
their ideals and beliefs, Khun Okka added.
NBF spokesperson Zo Zan said he went to the MPC not to get brainwashed but to
hold a debate. He said he doesnt trust the MPC either and wants to see an ethnic
peace centre emerge.
NBF spokesperson Sai Saw Than Myint said the MPC invited him for a meeting about
three months ago.

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Australian Defence ship Ocean Shield lies docked at naval base HMAS Stirling while being
fitted with a towed pinger locator to aid in her roll in the search for missing Malaysia Airlines
Flight MH370 in Perth, Australia, Sunday, March 30, 2014. Photo: AP
Workers assemble a Blue Fin 21 automatic Underwater Vehicle, an autonomous sonar

mapping device, which will be towed behind the Australian vessel 'Ocean Shield' during
search operations for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370. (AFP Photo)

124

PERTH, AUSTRALIA - MARCH 26: A South Korean PC3 Orion takes off from RAAF
Pearce on March 26, 2014 in Perth, Australia. The search for flight MH370 resumes today
after rough winds and high swells prevented air and sea crews from searching for debris
yesterday. Six countries have joined the search, now considered to be a recovery effort, after
authorities announced that the airliner crashed in the Southern Indian Ocean with no expected
survivors. (Photo by Richard Wainwright - Pool/Getty Images)

125

Philippines
files
UN
case
challenging
China's claims in South China Sea
Manila presses case before arbitration tribunal challenging China over resource-rich
waters in South China Sea, but Beijing will not take part
Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario

Monday, 31 March, 2014, 5:31am AFP
The Philippines has filed a case in the UN challenging Beijing's claim to most of the
South China Sea, a day after a dramatic stand-off with China's coastguard.
Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario yesterday announced the filing of the
plea before the UN arbitration tribunal despite Chinese warnings of a fallout in

bilateral relations. This comes days after President Xi Jinping compared China to an
"awakened lion". Xi's use of the lion metaphor in a speech in Paris to commemorate
the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations with France was seen by analysts as a
desire for more assertive foreign policy.
Del Rosario said Manila had asked the UN tribunal to declare China's claims over the
strategic and resource-rich waters as a violation of international law. "It is about


126

defending what is legitimately ours. It is about securing our children's future. It is

about guaranteeing freedom of navigation for all nations," he said.
China's claims over the South China Sea, believed to harbour vast oil and gas
reserves, overlap those of the Philippines as well as Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam and
Taiwan.
The Philippines announced last year that it would ask the UN to declare China's
claims illegal under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The filing beats a
March 30 deadline set by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
Chief Philippine government lawyer Francis Jardeleza said he expected the tribunal,
based in the German city of Hamburg, to advise both parties on the next steps. He
did not know when a ruling would be made.
China has refused to take part in the arbitration with foreign ministry spokesman
Hong Lei last week warning that bilateral relations would suffer if the Philippines
pursued the appeal.
"The case could further heighten tensions and prompt China to move to shoals
claimed by the Philippines," said Ramon Casiple, executive director of the Institute
for Political and Electoral Reform in Manila. "Other claimants such as Vietnam, Brunei
and Malaysia are watching how this case will play out."
Manila has argued that China's claims cover areas as far as 1,611 kilometres from
the nearest Chinese coast and interfere with the Philippines' exercising of its rights
to its continental shelf.
The Philippine filing came a day after a Filipino supply vessel slipped past a blockade
of Chinese coastguard vessels to deliver supplies to, and rotate troops from, a
remote and disputed South China Sea reef. A small number of Filipino soldiers are
stationed on a navy vessel that was grounded on Second Thomas Shoal in 1999 to
assert the Philippines' sovereignty.

127

A Chinese coastguard ship (right) and a Philippine supply boat engage in a stand-off as the
Philippine boat attempts to reach the Second Thomas Shoal, a remote South China Sea reef
claimed by both countries, on March 29, 2014
An aerial view shows a Philippine Navy vessel that has been grounded since 1999 to assert
Philippines' sovereignty over the Second Thomas Shoal, a remote South China Sea reef also
claimed by China.

128

Philippines presses UN case over China sea row
POSTED: 30 Mar 2014 15:46
The Philippines is set to push forward its case in the United Nations
challenging Beijing's claim to most of the South China Sea, a day after a
dramatic stand-off with the Asian giant's coastguard.
MANILA: The Philippines is set to push forward its case in the United Nations
challenging Beijing's claim to most of the South China Sea, a day after a dramatic
stand-off with the Asian giant's coastguard.
Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario is expected to announce later Sunday
that Manila has filed a formal plea before the UN arbitration tribunal, officials said,
despite Chinese warnings of a fallout in bilateral relations.
"In all of this, the Philippines... will do what is right. China can do what it prefers to
do on this matter," President Benigno Aquino's spokeswoman Abigail Valte told
reporters on Saturday.She made the comments in Manila as a Filipino supply vessel
was evading Chinese coastguard vessels to deliver supplies to Philippine marines
stationed at a remote and disputed South China Sea reef.
The two-hour stand-off in the Spratly archipelago was the latest in a series of
escalations in a dispute between the two countries over their competing claims to
waters and islands close to Philippine landmass.China's claims over the strategically
important South China Sea, believed to contain vast oil and gas reserves, overlap
those of the Philippines as well as Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan.The
Philippine case argues that China's claims cover areas as far as 870 nautical miles
(1,611 kilometres) from the nearest Chinese coast, and are thus illegal under the UN
Convention on the Law of the Sea.Manila notified the UN and Beijing in January last
year that it would initiate arbitral proceedings, infuriating China which has refused to
participate and warned that bilateral relations will suffer if the Philippines pursues
the appeal.Saturday's incident took place at Second Thomas Shoal, where a small
number of Filipino soldiers are stationed on a Navy vessel that was grounded there

129

in 1999 to assert the Philippines' sovereignty.China had said its coastguard

successfully turned away a similar Filipino attempt on March 9.
The Philippine foreign department said its plea to the UN would argue the disputed
areas, including the Second Thomas Shoal, are part of the Philippines' continental
shelf over which Manila has sole sovereign rights and jurisdiction.
Both China and the Philippines are signatories to the UN Convention on the Law of
the Sea, but Beijing has repeatedly said it has sovereign rights over the entire
Spratlys as well as waters and other islets approaching its neighbours.
It has also accused the Philippines of illegally "occupying" Second Thomas Shoal.
The rocky outcrop is part of the Spratlys, a chain of islets and reefs that sit near key
shipping lanes and are surrounded by rich fishing grounds.
They are around 200 kilometres from the western Philippine island of Palawan and
about 1,100 kilometres from the nearest major Chinese land mass.
Philippine military spokesman Lieutenant-Colonel Ramon Zagala told AFP on Sunday

that the Filipino vessel was due to leave the shoal during the day after the Chinese
vessels unsuccessfully prevented it from delivering supplies and rotating troops.
Asked if he expected further confrontation, Zagala said he did not know.
"We want them (boat and crew) to safely return," he said.
Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Hong Lei stressed the country's position on the
South China Sea dispute, as well as a separate territorial row with Japan in the East
China Sea, during a press briefing in Beijing on Friday.
"China is unswerving in safeguarding its territorial sovereignty. Meanwhile, we are
committed to managing and resolving relevant issues through dialogue and

consultation," he said.

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Philippine ship dodges China blockade to

reach outpost
30 March 2014 SundaY

The Philippine government vessel made a dash for shallow waters around the
disputed reef in the South China Sea, evading two Chinese coastguard ships The
Philippine government vessel made a dash for shallow waters around the disputed
reef in the South China Sea, evading two Chinese coastguard ships trying to block its
path to deliver food, water and fresh troops to a military outpost on the shoal.The
cat-and-mouse encounter on Saturday, witnessed by Reuters and other media
invited onboard the Philippine ship, was a rare glimpse into the tensions playing out
routinely in waters that are one of the region's biggest flashpoints.It's also a
reminder of how assertive China has become in pressing its claims to disputed
territory far from its mainland."If we didn't change direction, if we didn't change
course, then we would have collided with them," Ferdinand Gato, captain of the
Philippine vessel, a civilian craft, told Reuters after his boat had anchored on the

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Second Thomas Shoal under a hot sun.The outpost is a huge, rusting World War
Two transport vessel that the Philippine navy intentionally ran aground in 1999 to
mark its claim to the reef.There, around eight Filipino soldiers live for three months
at a time in harsh conditions on a reef that Manila says is within its 200-nautical mile
exclusive economic zone (EEZ). China, which claims 90 percent of the South China
Sea, says the shoal is part of its territory.
Things were going smoothly for the Philippine ship until it was spotted by a Chinese
coastguard ship about an hour away from the Second Thomas Shoal. The Chinese
boat picked up speed to come near the left of the white Philippine ship, honking its
horn at least three times.The Chinese ship slowed down after a few minutes, but
then a bigger coastguard vessel emerged, moving fast to cut the path of the
Philippine boat.The Chinese sent a radio message to the Filipinos, saying they were
entering Chinese territory."We order you to stop immediately, stop all illegal
activities and leave," said the radio message, delivered in English. Gato replied that
his mission was to deliver provisions to Philippine troops stationed in the

area.Philippine troops wearing civilian clothes and journalists then flashed "V" for the
peace sign at the Chinese.
WATCHED FROM THE SKY
Instead of stopping or reversing, the Philippine vessel picked up speed and
eventually maneuvered away from the Chinese, entering waters that were too
shallow for the bigger coastguard ships.
A U.S. navy plane, a Philippine military aircraft and a Chinese plane - all visible from
their markings - flew above the ships at different intervals.
Filipino troops on the civilian vessel clapped as they came within a few metres of the
marooned transport ship, the BRP Sierra Madre. Supplies of food and water were
then hauled up to troops onboard.
Later, the eight soldiers due to be relieved put on military fatigues for a daily
ceremony to lower the Philippine flag at dusk.

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They had been scheduled to go home three weeks ago but Chinese ships blocked
two Philippine supply vessels from reaching them on March 9, a move protested by
Manila and which the United States described as "provocative". The Philippines
resorted to air dropping food and water instead.
"What we want to accomplish is for this area to remain ours. This is the one thing
that we are guarding here," said sergeant Jerry Fuentes, a Philippine marine set to
deploy on the BRP Sierra Madre.China's Foreign Ministry said late on Saturday that
the action by the Philippines would not change the reality of China's sovereignty over
the shoal, which Beijing calls Ren'ai reef.
"China will never tolerate the Philippines' occupation of the Ren'ai reef in any form,"
it said.China displays its claims to the South China Sea on official maps with a socalled nine-dash line that stretches deep into the maritime heart of Southeast
Asia.The ships of its recently unified coastguard are a fixture around the disputed
waters. While they don't have the weaponry of military vessels, thus reducing the
risk a confrontation could get out of control, they still represent a potent show of
sovereignty.Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan also have claims to parts of the
potentially energy-rich waters.Raising the stakes over the South China Sea, the
Philippines will file a case against China later on Sunday at an arbitration tribunal in
The Hague, subjecting Beijing to international legal scrutiny over the waters for the
first time.Manila is seeking a ruling to confirm its right to exploit the waters in its
EEZ as allowed under the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), its
team of U.S. and British lawyers have said. China has refused to participate in the
case at the Permanent Court of Arbitration.Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario told
a news conference in Manila on Sunday the Philippines met the deadline set by the
court, but Manila does not expect the tribunal to reach a decision before the end of
2015.
"The question of, what if the Philippines gets a favourable ruling? The Philippines
has always taken the position that a favourable ruling is a ruling that China, as a
member of the community of nations, is bound legally to accept and to implement,"
government lawyer Francis Jardaleza said.
Any verdict reached by the tribunal is non-binding.

133

Singapore 60th in terms of cost of living

for average residents: ACI
Rising costs for expatriates mostly due to appreciation of

Singapore dollar, says Asia Competitiveness Institute

134

Xue Jianyue
Published: March 28, 5:37 PM

Updated: March 28, 8:11 PM
SINGAPORE Following a study earlier this month that ranked Singapore as the
costliest city for expatriates to live in, the Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) is
considering the creation of a new affordability index to better reflect the cost of
living for average citizens.
This index will cover four areas which affect average citizens the most, such as
healthcare, edcuation, housing and transport, said ACI Co-Director Tan Khee Giap,
allowing the Government to monitor costs of living and plan subsidies in a
sustainable way.
He was speaking to the press during a conference where the Institute showed
research results indicating that Singapore is only 60th in the world in terms of cost
of living for average residents.
Earlier this month, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) ranked Singapore as the
worlds most expensive city to live for expatriates, sparking concern over the rising
cost of living in the Republic.
Research by the ACI revealed that rising costs for expatriates are almost entirely due
to the Singapore dollar appreciating by 25 per cent against the US dollar from 2005
to 2012. If such appreciation had not occured, Singapore would only be the 16th
most costly city for expatriates to live in.

135

The high cost of living for expatriates here relative to other cities is due mainly to Singapore's
strong currency, according to a study released on Friday, March 28, 2014. -- ST FILE
PHOTO: CAROLINE CHIA

136

The USS Freedom (LCS-1), one of three littoral combat ships now in service, is
designed for fighting the last warbut probably not the next.
Littoral failure: Navy hedges bets on hightech littoral combat ships

DoD looks for alternatives to modular ship that are less likely to be
cannon fodder.
by Sean Gallagher - Mar 29 2014, 12:18am MPST

The Navys littoral combat ship (LCS) was supposed to be the ship of the future, designed to be
easily converted from one role to another with a relatively quick swap-out of mission modules.
But what the Navy got instead was a range of headaches and a ship with significantly less
flexibility and capability than the ships the LCS was replacing. Now, as National Defense reports,

137

the Department of Defense has cut the number of ships to be built nearly in half, and it has put
future purchases on hold while it considers its options.
But there could still be good news for the defense contractors building the LCS: the
options include a beefed-up version of the ship that could raise its cost furtherand
increase the profits of Lockheed Martin and Austal USA in the process. Considering
the fact that these ships have already had significant problems (including
aggressive corrosion of one designs hull because it didnt include cathodic
protection), yet another design change could cost the US billions more for a class of
ships that has never lived up to its concept.
Stu Slade, warship analyst for Forecast International, told National Defense, This
isnt a done deal. Its certainly a setback for the LCS program viewed in isolation, but
its one that could yet be reversed because the cuts wont hit until 2016when the
White House gets a new occupant.
Back to the future

In a way, the LCS is a hangover from the Armys Future Combat Systems program.
The Navy intended the LCS to be an all-in-one replacement for its aging guided
missile frigates and minesweepers, taking on both anti-mine and anti-submarine
roles. But the Navy also wanted to use the ship to provide fire support for troops
ashore, using technology being developed by the Army for its force modernization:
the Fire Scout unmanned helicopter and the Non-Line Of Sight (NLOS) Missile
system.
To accommodate all of these roles, the Navy pushed for a ship design that would
ideally allow the LCS to change jobs by swapping out modules. Additional modules,
such as anti-surface ship systems and irregular warfare packages to support

special operations troops, could be built separately to avoid the need to build other
specialized ships, saving money. And all of this was bundled together with
technology to reduce the required crew size for the LCS.
The NLOS was supposed to give the LCS serious firepower, with a range of 25 miles
and the ability to hit targets on land and sea. The modular missile system was
supposed to provide two capabilities: a precision attack munition (PAM) using


138

inertial and GPS guidance, with infrared and laser designation by the Fire Scout or a
ground spotter, and a loitering attack munition (LAM) that could fly to a designated
point and wait for a target of opportunity.
But the NLOS has never materialized, mostly because of the collapse of the Armys
Future Combat Systems project. Another system, the Griffin missile, is still being
considered as an alternative. The Griffin, which only has a range of 3.5 miles, was
designed for use on aircraft against ground targets and would only be effective
against swarm small boat attacks.
The mission modules themselves also turned out to be something of a bust. After
evaluations, it was determined that it would take weeks, not days, to swap out an
LCS mission modules, and the process would be much more expensive than
anticipated. So the Navy decided that those modules would be more or less
permanent instead, fixing the role of the ships they were deployed on outside of a
major overhaul.
In the end, what the Navy got was a ship that was suited to none of these jobs in
particular, designed to operate in what Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel recently
described as permissive environments. In other words, it was designed for wars
like the Iraq War, where there was no need to worry about threats from aircraft,
ships, or coastal missile batteries. And by ordering 52 of them, the Navy was
effectively guaranteeing that a sixth of its fleet would be made up of sitting ducks
for those sorts of attacks.
The cost overruns of the LCS program havent helped its case much. The Navy
ended up picking two winners for the program: Lockheed Martins more traditional
Freedom class design and the General Dynamics/Austal USA trimaran Independence
class. (Full disclosure: the Lockheed Martin program was run by my former
commanding officer aboard USS Iowa, Fred Moosally.) Cost overruns caused the
Navy to hold up building more ships several times. Only three LCS ships have been
delivered so far; a fourth, the Milwaukee, was launched in December, and another
20 are already on order. So the Navys freeze actually allows the Navy to order 12
more ships before 2016, down from the 28 planned.

139

The Milwaukee is launched on December 18, 2013.
Back to the drawing board (sort of)

This month, Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan Greenert created a task force
to look into alternatives to the LCS that would be more effective against air attacks,
submarines, and surface vessels. The Small Surface Combatant Task Force, which is
led by Marine Corps Systems Command Director John D. Burrow, has until July to
come up with the best option.
Given the constraints that the task force is under, the answer may turn out to be a
bigger, badder version of the LCS, because anything else would require a totally new
design process or a switch to another existing design. The Navy could conceivably
go with a modified version of the Coast Guards National Security Cutter as an

option, or it could buy a new multi-mission frigate being built for the French and
Italian navies. But both of those options seem highly unlikely since the designs come
from outside the Navys development process.
The most likely outcome of this trip back to the drawing board, then, is a bigger,
heavier version of the LCS, with a bigger crew and more weapons systems. In other
words, it will be a lot more expensive, and it will give the companies that built the
LCS in the first place a chance to squeeze more money out of what has been a
questionable effort from the start.

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The Austal USA-built trimaran USS Independence.

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The Straits Times

www.straitstimes.com
Published on Mar 31, 2014
Manila files claims over S. China Sea

It presents case in 4,000-page report to UN tribunal
despite China warning
Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario (left) stands next to Solicitor General
Francis Jardeleza during a news conference in Manila on March 30, 2014. -- PHOTO:
REUTERS
By Raul Dancel Philippines Correspondent In Manila
THE Philippines pressed ahead yesterday with its formal plea before a United
Nations tribunal contesting China's vast claims over the South China Sea, amid
another tense stand-off at a disputed rocky outcrop and a fresh barrage of threats
from Beijing.In a 4,000-page "memorial" - diplomatic speak for "memorandum" -
sent to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Manila alleges that China's
nine-dash line claims areas far beyond its borders.That line encloses 90 per cent of
the 3.5 million sq km South China Sea and spreads deep into territories claimed not

142

just by the Philippines, but also by Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan.Manila
maintains that the areas in the South China Sea that Beijing insists are parts of its
territories extend as far as 870 nautical miles (1,611km) from the nearest Chinese
shore, violating the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
It is asking the international tribunal to recognise its exclusive economic zone, which
extends 200 nautical miles from Philippine shores, overlapping many of the shoals,
reefs and islets that have been the sites of tense stand-offs between Manila and
Beijing."It is about defending what is legitimately ours," Foreign Secretary Albert del
Rosario said at a news conference yesterday.The memorial consists of 4,000 pages

spread over 10 volumes that contain Manila's arguments, evidence and maps to
support its case against China. The Philippines first filed its case against China in
January last year.Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei, who had earlier
warned the Philippines against proceeding with the case, said yesterday that China
will not accept international arbitration on the South China Sea.
He urged the Philippines to stick to the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the
South China Sea and return to bilateral talks in resolving disputes.The tribunal is
now expected to give Beijing time to reconsider its refusal to participate and submit
oral arguments against Manila's memorial. It may also embark on an ocular
inspection of the contested areas, and then it can begin its hearings.Solicitor-General
Francis Jardeleza, the government's chief lawyer who is leading the case, has said
the earliest the five-member tribunal can issue a ruling is mid-2016.Legal experts
say that while legally binding, any ruling will effectively be unenforceable, as there is
no peacekeeping force that can compel China to obey it.Still, Mr Paul Reichler, the
Philippines' lead counsel in the case, said losing parties comply "at least 95 per cent"
of the time.On Saturday, four Chinese coast guard vessels tried to block two
Philippine navy boats sent to re-supply marines stationed on the BRP Sierra Madre, a
ship Manila ran aground in 1999 on the Second Thomas Shoal to stake its claim. The
Philippine boats managed to reach the grounded ship, but not until after two
Chinese ships cut off their paths twice.
On March 9, China turned away a Philippine re-supply boat. In December, the

Chinese coast guard used water cannon to drive away Philippine boats at another
contested islet, Scarborough Shoal.

143


144

Officials investigating Mr Zhou (above) froze bank accounts, seized bonds and stocks,
and confiscated apartments, villas, antiques and other valuables belonging to people
linked to the former security czar, according to sources. -- PHOTO: REUTERS
The Straits Times
www.straitstimes.com
Published on Mar 31, 2014
'$18b assets seized' in ex-security czar

scandal
Zhou Yongkang's family members, staff and associates
targeted in probe


145

BEIJING - Chinese authorities have seized assets worth at least 90 billion yuan
(S$18.2 billion) from family members and associates of retired domestic security czar
Zhou Yongkang, who is at the centre of China's biggest corruption scandal in more
than six decades, two sources said.
More than 300 of Mr Zhou's relatives, political allies, proteges and staff have also
been taken into custody or questioned in the past four months, the sources, who
have been briefed on the investigation, told Reuters.
The sheer size of the asset seizures and the scale of the investigations into the
people around Mr Zhou - both unreported until now - make the corruption probe
unprecedented in modern China and would appear to show that President Xi Jinping
is tackling graft at the highest levels.
But it may also be driven partly by political payback after Mr Zhou angered leaders
such as Mr Xi by opposing the ouster of former high-flying politician Bo Xilai, who
was jailed for life last September for corruption and abuse of power.
Mr Zhou, 71, has been under virtual house arrest since the authorities began
formally investigating him late last year. He is the most senior Chinese politician to
be ensnared in a corruption investigation since the Communist Party swept to power
in 1949.
"It's the ugliest in the history of the New China," said one of the sources, who has
ties to the leadership, requesting anonymity to avoid repercussions for speaking to
the foreign media about elite politics.
The government has yet to make any official statement about Mr Zhou or the case
against him, and it has not been possible to contact the former security chief, his
family, associates or staff for comment.
The party's anti-corruption watchdog and the prosecutor's office did not respond to
requests for comment. In the secretive world of China's Communist Party, targets of
its investigations usually disappear, often for months or even years, until an official
announcement is made.

146

Mr Xi ordered a task force formed late last year to look into accusations against Mr
Zhou, sources have previously told Reuters. They have not said what the allegations
were except that they were related to violating party discipline - official jargon for
corruption.
A third source with ties to the leadership said Mr Zhou had refused to cooperate with
investigators, insisting he was the victim of a power struggle. "Zhou is tough and
claims it's political persecution," the source said.
Mr Zhou rose through the ranks of China's oil and gas sector before joining the elite
Politburo Standing Committee in 2007, where as domestic security chief his budget
exceeded defence spending. He retired in 2012 and was last seen at an alumni event
at the China University of Petroleum on Oct 1.
The first two sources said prosecutors and the party's anti-corruption watchdog had
frozen bank accounts with deposits totalling 37 billion yuan, and seized domestic and
overseas bonds and stocks with a combined value of 51 billion yuan after raiding
homes in Beijing, Shanghai and five provinces.
Investigators had also confiscated about 300 apartments and villas worth around 1.7
billion yuan, antiques and contemporary paintings with a market value of 1 billion
yuan and more than 60 vehicles, the sources added. Other items seized included
expensive liquor, gold, silver and cash in local and foreign currencies.
The seized assets belonged to those in custody, the sources said. Most of the assets
were not in Mr Zhou's name, they added.
According to the sources, the seized assets had a combined value of at least 90
billion yuan, although it was unclear what share of that total was ill-gotten. The
amount eventually made public could be smaller to avoid embarrassing the party
and angering ordinary Chinese, the sources said.
Such asset seizures, while large, are not uncommon in China. In January, the
respected Chinese magazine Caixin said the authorities had seized a solid gold statue
of Mao Zedong among other things from the mansion of a senior military officer.

147

The first two sources said more than 10 of Mr Zhou's relatives had been detained.
They included his one-time TV reporter wife Jia Xiaoye, his eldest son from a
previous marriage Zhou Bin, Mr Zhou Bin's in-laws and Mr Zhou Yongkang's brother.
About 10 officials who held a rank equivalent to at least vice-minister were also
under investigation, the sources said.
Among them were Mr Jiang Jiemin, former chairman of both state energy giant
PetroChina and its parent China National Petroleum Corporation, former viceminister of public security Li Dongsheng and Mr Ji Wenlin, former vice-governor of
the island province of Hainan.
Chinese state media has announced that all three were being investigated for
serious violations of discipline. They were either Mr Zhou's proteges or aides. More
than 20 of his bodyguards, secretaries and drivers had also been detained, the
sources said.
REUTERS

148

Ayungin Shoal INQUIRER FILE PHOTO

149

Philippine lawsuit says China has no 'historical

rights' to a section of South China Sea.
Ted Regencia Last updated: 30 Mar 2014 12:36
China's nine-dash line claim encompasses almost 90 percent of the resource-rich

South China Sea [Al Jazeera]
Two years ago, a standoff broke out between the Philippines and China, when
Filipino authorities tried to arrest Chinese fishermen suspected of illegally fishing in
the Scarborough Shoal.
China blocked the arrest, sending paramilitary vessels to surround the Philippine
patrol ships. The face-off lasted two months before the US intervened, securing
assurances from both sides to withdraw vessels from the disputed rock formation in
the South China Sea. The Philippines left. China ignored the deal and stayed.
After months of diplomatic wrangling, the Philippines filed a lawsuit on Sunday,


150

challenging China before a UN court at The Hague. The case questions the validity of
China's "nine-dash line" claim (refering to the line that China puts on maps to justify
its claim) and its occupation of Scarborough. The Philippines argues that the Ushaped boundary, which China set out based on "historical rights", encroaches on its
territory under international law.
"It is about defending what is legitimately ours," Albert del Rosario, the Philippine
foreign minister, told reporters on Sunday. "It is about securing our children's future.
It is about guaranteeing freedom of navigation for all nations. It is about helping to
preserve regional peace, security and stability."
What China claimed as part of its "indisputable sovereignty" covers almost 90

percent of the South China Sea. It also overlaps the areas claimed by other
countries, including the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia.
On Saturday, the Chinese coastguard attempted to block a Philippine naval vessel
from delivering supplies to a marooned ship in the Second Thomas Shoal. The
Chinese warned the vessel to turn around but were ignored. It was the second
incident between the two countries in two weeks in the Spratlys, south of
Scarborough.
To maintain order in the region, countries must abide by the UN Convention on the
Law of the SEA (UNCLOS), senior justice Antonio Carpio said in a speech in Manila.
But, he said, China has disregarded the law which is considered to be the world's
constitution on the seas and oceans.
"China is enforcing its claim through its rapidly growing naval fleet," he said. "If left
to stand, China's claim will bring the world back to the turbulent maritime era of 400
years ago, when nations claimed the oceans and seas through the naval cannon, not
through the rule of law."
'Historical rights'
Under UNCLOS, which both China and the Philippines ratified, coastal states like the
Philippines are entitled to a 322km exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Beyond that is

151

considered the high seas, common to all nations. Scarborough is 220km from the
Philippine mainland of Luzon, and 857km from China's Hainan province.
China claimed that its sailors discovered Scarborough 2,000 years ago, and had
fished in the region as far back as the Song Dynasty from 960 to 1279 AD. China
refers to it as Huangyan Island, while the Philippines calls it Panatag.
In a foreign policy discussion at the University of Southern California, Chinese
scholar Shen Dingli also reiterated China's historical claim over Scarborough and
other islands in the region.
"For China, we say our ancestors used to occupy these islands," he said. "So I have
this book to show. Look, and my fishermen used to use the islands to avoid the
typhoons. Its all recorded.
"So we consider that a thousand years ago, these people already used this sea lane
of communication for Chinas interests. Therefore, the ancestors of them have the
right to claim."
Al Jazeera tried to contact the Chinese Embassy in Manila for comment, but did not
receive a reply. In a statement reported by the state-owned news agency Xinhua,
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently said: "China has sufficient historical and
legal evidence for its sovereignty over the Nansha [Spratlys] islands", and other
islands and adjacent waters across the South China Sea.
Wang blamed the dispute on "some countries' illegal occupation" of islands
belonging to China since the 1970s.
"Even so, China has always been committed to solving disputes through negotiating
directly with countries involved and in a peaceful manner," the foreign minister told
Xinhua.
He said that recent "unfounded and untrue rumours" had magnified disputes in the
South China Sea and "artificially upped tensions in the region".
Carpio, however, said there is no UNCLOS provision that grants China "historical
rights" over vast parts of the resource-rich section of the Pacific Ocean.

152

Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Hong Lei has said that China will not participate
in the arbitration proceedings. But experts say that the tribunal will likely give China
six months to answer the case.
'David vs Goliath'
China's action in Scarborough leaves the Philippines with no other recourse but to
bring the case to the international tribunal, said Bonnie Glaser, an expert on China
and Asia-Pacific at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington
DC.
"After the whole Scarborough Shoal incident, it just became clear that the Philippines
was not going to be able to defend its rights by itself," she said. "In fact, it could not
even rely on the United States. Because at the end of the day, the US did nothing to
prevent China from taking over Scarborough Shoal."
She dismissed China's proposal for "bilateral consultations and negotiations" to the
dispute, saying it will only benefit China more than the Philippines. Up to the last
minute, China had been urging the Philippines to postpone the filing of the case.
"There's a lot of political tension and hostility that make cooperation very, very
difficult," Glaser told Al Jazeera.
The Philippines has also learned from its recent history. In 1995, China occupied
Mischief Reef, which is also within the Philippines' EEZ. China never left the reef
despite Manila's repeated diplomatic protests.
Standoff at the Scarborough Shoal
"The only way to really resolve this is going to be through the use of international
arbitration," Glaser said. "I don't think bilateral, or multilateral negotiations are going
to lead to a resolution."
But Jay Batongbacal, an international maritime law expert and law professor at the
University of the Philippines, said that there have been cases before international
tribunals where opposing parties reached a settlement. He cited the case between

153

Singapore and Malaysia over the reclamation in the Strait of Johore, which was
dismissed before adjudication following a settlement.
As for the relationship between the Philippines and China, Batongbacal said that
despite previous disputes, trade between the two countries flourished.
"Unfortunately, it appears that this policy no longer holds true after the Scarborough
Shoal standoff in 2012," he told Al Jazeera.
He said that it would take an "enormous amount of skilled statesmanship" on both

sides to repair relations adding that both countries "have gone to real extremes,
leaving little room for flexibility and compromise".
One of the main reasons why China's leaders are maintaining a hardline stance in
South China Sea is domestic politics, Glaser said.
"Compromise that is seen by the public as making concessions to other countries,

and weakening the nation, could lead to criticism of the Communist Party and the
legitimacy of the party. Of course keeping the regime in power is really the number
one priority."
Batongbacal likened the current standoff between the Philippines and China to the
battle between David and Goliath.
"Not only in the sense that it is a small country doing battle against the large
country, but also in the sense that the Philippines must hit the Chinese legal armour
at exactly the right spot in order for it to prevail," he said.

154


Published on: March 30, 2014 http://www.news-eleven.com
Written by:
SHINGNIP Kachin Legal Aid Network Group

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163

Than Phyo Thu Mining Co., Ltd
Myanmar Tokiwa Corporation Ltd
Globel Alliarance Industrial Co .,Ltd

True Faith Co., Ltd
U Ni & Daw Phyu Family Co.,Ltd
Royal Hi-Tech Group Co.,Ltd

164


NCCT

Published on: March 28, 2014 http://www.news-eleven.com/

Written by:
MPC NCCT
(NCCT)

(KIO)
(PCG)
"

165

NCCT
NCCT
"
Myanmar Peace Center

KIO

(NCCT)
(KNU)
(KIO)
(NMSP)

166



167


168


Model


169

()
(-)
()

170

()

()

171

() (-)
(-) ()
()

172


()
NLD

Written by:
NLD
()
NLD ()


173

NLD

(BIA)
NLD
NLD

174


NLD

opposition

opposition


175

NLD
NLD

176



()

177

Eleven Media Group
DVB
()
()

178

Dhaka Tribune

Written by:

Dhaka Tribune

Dhaka
Tribune
179

Dhaka Tribune
()
Zeeshan Khan A referendum in Rakhine State


180


Written by:
NLD


181


182



183

()
. . . .
()
()
()

184

()

(NLD)


185


186

Jane's Defence Weekly

Written by:
(-)
Jane's Defence
Weekly
Jane's
Defence
Hostage
Weekly
to
history?
Tony
Davis

KIO/KIA
Mi-35
K-8
Karakoram

187

KIA
The Daily Eleven KIO

KIA

K-8 G-4 Mi35
( )
(UWSA)

188

(-KIO)

UWSA
UWSA
KIA
KIO
KIA
KIO
Jane's
Defence
Weekly
Tony
Davis

189



The Elders
(WHO) Dr. Gro Harlem

() ()
() The Elders
Mr. Martti Ahtisaari The Elders
CEO Ms. Lesley Anne Knight

190



. . . . .
( )

( )

191


192


Written by:
Mrs.
Premrudee
Daoroung
City Golf Resort Hotel

The Daily Eleven

193

Mrs. Premrudee Daoroung


194


Written by:
Tyler
Giannini
"
"

195


Written by:
Mrs.Pre mrudee Daoroung

The Daily Eleven

196


"

" Mrs.Pre mrudee Daoroung

"

"

197


198


199


Written by:
(- Who killed
Aung San )
()

200


()
The Messenger

()
Who Killed Aung San?

201


. . . . .
()
Who Killed Aung San?

202

()
()

Source: Who Killed Aung San?

203

()

204


Written by:
"

"

( )

205


Written by:
()
Professional
()
()
" "

206

IMS (International Media Support)
exile
()
"
"
IMS ()
IMS
IMS
()

"
"
...
()
IMS(Internati- onal Media Support)

207

Myanmar
Journalism
School
IMS

IMS
IMS
IMS
(RSF) (CPJ)
(IJF)
(WAN-IFRA) IMS

CPJ

CPJ
()
()

208

()
()
()
IMS
()

()
Eleven Media Group
(IJF)

209

() MPC (Myanmar Peace Center)

IMS

210

-

Written by: ()
-
Boundary
Point

. . . . .

()

211


Written by:
()

()

()


212


. . . . .
()
()

()

()
()

213


214

(CPJ)
Written by:
CPJ

(CPJ)
CPJ
Joel Simon

CPJ


215

CPJ

()
CPJ
CPJ
CPJ

CPJ
CPJ

216


Written by:
"
"
"

217

"
TNI
(Transnational
Institute) report "
"
TNI

218


Written by:

219


220


221


Written by:
"

"

222


...
"
()

"

(-) ( )


223

- -

Written by:

224

(UWSA)

. . . . .


225

Tom
Fawthrop

(String
of
Pearl's
Strategy)
BOT
. . . . .

226


227

BOT
(Source:American Action's Blog)


228

BOT
Eleven Media
Group CEO -

. . . . .

229


ASEM

Tom Fawthrop

Tom
Fawthrop

Chao Wei King Romans Group

-
()
()

230

Tom
(Source:Myanmar
Fawthrop
Peace
Monitor)

231


Eleven Media Group CEO
-

-

-

- -

-

232

- -

-

-
(PLA)

-

-

233

-

-

-
-
-

-
-
-

234


235

-

- -

-

-
-


236

-

- -

-

-

-

-

- -
-

-

237

()
()
-

-
-
- -

PRC

238

-

-

- -
- -

- -


239

-

-
-

-

- ()

-
-

240

- -

-

-
- ()

241


- CCP
()

242

- CPPCC

243

- ()
- ()

- Modern China-Myanmar Relations by David I.Steinberg and Hongwei Fan

244

INDEX updated on 29.3.2014

()
()
SSPP
v w v

(SSA)
SSPP -
v z

v wv
SSPP/SSA v w w z v v
w | z z v } | z z
{z
w | z z v | | wv
{ v wv --wv w

245

- wz | z z z { | z z
w |
wv { v v v | z v
- z SSPP/SSA w z v
z
| z
{ v z
w { v z z
- z { { v z
- v z v { v { z
v v
{ v {
{ v v { | |
z z z {
z z - { {
SSPP
SSPP - 13.7.2013
SSPP - 14.7.2013
(SNLD)
(SNDP)

246

(UNFC)
(UNFC)
UNFC
z { wz v z { (ANC) wz (CNF) v wz
w (KIO) v z { (KNU)
v
w (PNLO)
v /
(SSPP/SSA) z wz v (ALP) z
v z {/ (RCSS/SSA)
-
UNFC () (LDU) ()
(NMSP) () (PNLO) ()
(PSLF) ()
(SSPP)() (WNO) () ANC ()

(CNF) () (KIO) ()
(KNPP) () (KNU)
..
2013-10-10
UNFC
MNDAA
- 2013-10-10 RFA
UNFC z z - 26.7.2013

247

- 26.7.2013
Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team (NCCT)

Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team (NCCT) was formed during the Laiza
meeting of ethnic armed organizations held from October 30 to November 2, 2013.
Naing Han Thar from New Mon State Party (NMSP), Major General Gwan Maw from
KIO, and Pado Kwe Htoo Win of Karen National Unity (KNU) are taking leadership
role in NCCT. 29 March 2014 22:30 http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/
KIO

(NCCT)
(KNU)
(KIO)
(NMSP)

248

/
() RCSS/SSA
/ () RCSS/SSA
RCSS - 25.7.2013

RCSS

RCSS
RCSS/SSA

249

RCSS/SSA z {
v v
z
w | z z
} z
v z v

| z wv wv x v
z v
v z { | z wv
wv
v v z
z { | z wv wv v
wv
z v - v
v z UN z {
v { z {
| v v wv wv v v
wv wv v { w
z RCSS/SSA | v | z { z

z z { z {
| v | wv wv v z
z v z JUNE 9, 2013.

250

KNPP
KNPP - (KNPP)

() 1.

2.

3.
(Guide
monitoring committee)
KNPP
4.
5.
(Technical Team)
6. IDP
7.
8.
- Thursday, 20 June 2013

251

(KNPP)

()

JUNE 6, 2013

252

(KNU)

15.8.2013

253

KNU 18.8.2013
(KNU)
-
KNU - 24.7.2013
KNU/KNLA - 24.7.2013
Tomas Ojea Quintana

(ALD) - (ALD)
(RNDP) RNDP
ALD

..
(ANP)
(RNDP) (ALD)
(ANP)
ALD
RNDP

RNDP
ALD (ANP)

7.3.2014 VOA
(RNDP) - (ALD)
(RNDP)
RNDP
ALD

..

254

UWSA
z z w
Map of the areas under the control of the Southern Wa Army (Map: UWSA)
255


(UWSA) -
UWSA ,
,
()
()

UWSA ()
- 4.7.2013

256


257


258


259


260

UWSA
Janes Defence Weekly
UWSA
4.7.2013
UWSA SSPP/SSA
UWSA SSPP/SSA
UWSA SSPP/SSA = 4.7.2013
MTA UWSA
()
UWSA UNFC
UWSA KIA SSA

(NDAA)
UWSA
UWSA
..
UWSA
UWSA
UWSA
UWSA - 13.7.2013
UWSA


261


1.

2.
''
()
3.
UWSA
4. '' ()

''
()
5. '' ()
'' ()
- 13.7.2013
(NSAA-ESS)
UWSA
UWSA

2013-09-04 RFA

262

''() Monday, October 7, 2013

''() October 7, 2013
Sai Sam, deputy commander-in-chief of the UWSA, observes peace talks between the
government and Kachin rebels in Myitkyina last week. 10.10.2013

263


264

TNLA
TNLA - TNLA

(UNFC) TNLA KIA
TNLA
-
()
(TNLA) - TNLA
- PNF

P.S.L.A
()

()

P.S.L.F

265


T.N.L.A ..
-
(PSLF)
PSLF -
(PSLA)
- 26.7.2013

( PSLF)
PSLA
(TNLA)
AHRC

266

i i
y n
i m
{

(DKBA)
{
i i
y n
i m
{

(DKBA) - DKBA ()
-
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.
8.

- Monday, 17 June 2013
-
(DKBA) ()

()

267

()
( DKBA)
DKBA - 24.7.2013

268

(NBF)
(NBF) - National Brothers Federation-NBF (NBF)
Nationalities
Brotherhood
Federation)

..
(AAPP)
(KBC)
(PCG)
(MPC)
(PWO)
PSLF - PSLF
TNLA

(UWSP)
(CNF)
(PNLO)-

- 23.5.2013

269

(NMSP)
(NMSP)
-
(NDAA)
(KBC)
(PNA) -

PNO

PNA
PNA
PNA PNO ..
(PNO) -

PNO

PNA
PNA
PNA PNO ..

270

(KIO)
(KIO)

()-
()-

()-
()-

()-
()-
()-

MAY 30, 2013.

-
KIO
- ..

271


IDP

10.10.2013
( / )
(KIO)

KIO
KIO KIO
| March 28, 2014

272

() ()

() Mi-35 Hind K-8 Karakoram

() Thursday, March 27, 2014
IRRAWADDY

273

ABSDF

()
ABSDF ()

(ABSDF)

274

ABSDF
-
ABSDF
ABSDF

(ABSDF)
()
()
()

()

()


275

()

()

()

()

() (Black List)

() (NGOs)
(CBOs)
() ()

()
()
()
()
() (Code of Conduct)

()

276


ABSDF
(ABSDF )
ABSDF
v z
ABSDF z z
w v { v
w | |
wv x
v z | z { w {
wv v x
v z z { | z z
w
wv wz { ..
()
(-/)

277

ABSDF ()
() () ABSDF ()
RCSS/SSA
ABSDF ()
ABSDF
(ABSDF)
ABSDF
9.3.2014.VOA

278

The Shwe Gas Project
The Shwe Gas Project will transport oil purchased in the Middle East and gas purchased in
Burmas Shwe Bay to China beginning in September.

279


280


(NSAA-ESS)
(NSAA-ESS)

2013-09-04 RFA

281

Landmines in Myanmar

282


()
RFA
NOVEMBER 13, 2013. RFA
(CNF)

( Freedom )

283

February 20, 2014

284

(KIA)

UNFC

(UWSA)
(NDAA)

(RCSS)
November 7, 2013 IRRAWADDY
| November 5, 2013
|IRRAWADDY

285

KNU
()
RCSS/SSA
25.1.2014

286

May 20, 2013
Austro-Asiatic languages
For those interested in linguistics, this is a good map of Austro-Asiatics
languages, which include three major languages in Myanmar - Mon, Wa

and Palaung. It's important to remember that linguistic relationships are
not the same as genetic relationships. No one knows exactly where
Austro-Asiatic languages originated or how they spread, though they

likely pre-dated Tibeto-Burman languages in this country.

287

MYANMAR FOREIGN POLICY 1948 2010

288

Burma was never annexed by the Qing

December 22, 2013 THANT MYINT U
Today is the 244th annivesary of one of the most illustrious
days in Burmese history: the signing of the Treaty of Kaungton
and the ending of the Sino-Burmese War (1765-22 December
1769). Burmese forces had sucessfully resisted four Qing
(Manchu) invasions, including a massive 4th invasion of over
60,000, aimed at the annexation of Burma by the Emperor
Qianlong.
It
was
the
Qing
Empire's
greatest
defeat.
The Qing armies included elite Bannermen - Manchus and

Mongols as well as Han Chinese - brought down from the
Russian border. The Burmese side was led by General Maha
Thiha Thura and included the Frenchman Pierre de Millard, a
captain of the king's artillery.
The portrait is of Mingrui (), son-in-law of the Emperor and
Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou, who led the almost
successful 3rd invasion. His army reached Maymyo before
being decimated by Burmese defenders. He committed suicide.
Interestingly, though Burma was never annexed by the Qing,
over the 19th century many Burmese men began wearing the
Manchu cavalry jacket () or 'taik-pon' () in Burmese.

289

The Calm ( ) The Dignity (

) The ability ( ) The Grace (
) The Order ( ) The

Sacrifices ( ) The Kindness
() The Conscience (

290


A provocative and potentially dangerous act of
The Peoples Republic of China ( PRC )

291

The US has described new Chinese rules on fishing access to

disputed areas of the South China Sea as "provocative and
potentially dangerous". JANUARY 11, 2014.
Beijing is locked in disputes with the Philippines, Brunei,
Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan, as it is claiming about 90 per
cent of the 3.5 million sq km South China Sea.

292

Col
Vol. 526
South China Sea Territorial Claims 2014

South China Sea Dispute Map 2014
Hainan Province Fisheries Law

The passing of these restrictions on other countries fishing activities in
disputed portions of the South China Sea is a provocative and potentially
dangerous act. 9.1.2014
293

A graphic on the contested claims in the South China Sea (AFP, Adrian Leung)

294


295


- /
/
- -

296

-
Burma, India Border Demarcation
-

(Integrated Check Post ICP)
| January 8, 2014
Burmas government had complained to India about the new border checkpoint in
December and May last year, according to state newspaper The New Light of
Myanmar. The paper said the Indian project was halted on Jan. 2 and teams from
India and Burma carried out a joint land survey in Tamu Township on Jan. 6. A 1967
Burma-India border treaty established the current border, but both countries
disagree about the location of several border pillars in the Kabaw Valley, according
to the paper. THE IRRAWADDY| Thursday, January 9, 2014 |
(BSF)
- BSF
January 5, 2014 http://www.news-eleven.com

297

INDIA MYANMAR BORDER MAP

298

INDIA MYANMAR BORDER MAP

299

Col
Vol. 526
300

BANGLADESH MYANMAR BORDER MAP

301


302


303


304

china myanmar border map

305


306


307


308


309

Pyidaungsu Institute (PI)
MPC (Myanmar Peace Center)

(CNF)
(KNU)
(RCSS/SSA)
(IPSG)
(UNFC)
(PDSG)
(MPSI) (EBO)
KNU
(PCG)
(KIO)
310
February 27, 2014

z
w | z v z
{ z z z z
z
z
w v {
{ -
z z
z | {v


311


"

"
--

312


313

Ukraine crisis 5.3.2014

Crimean republic
Ethnic Russians - 58.5%
Ethnic Ukrainians - 24.4%
Crimean Tatars - 12.1%
Ukraine census 2001

314


315

Why has Crimea become a flashpoint?
Crisis timeline
21 Nov 2013: President Viktor Yanukovych abandons deal on closer ties with EU in
favour of closer co-operation with Russia
December 2013: Pro-EU protesters occupy Kiev city hall and Independence Square
20 Feb: At least 88 people killed in 48 hours of bloodshed in Kiev
21 Feb: President Yanukovych signs compromise deal with opposition leaders
22 Feb: President Yanukovych flees Kiev. Parliament votes to remove him and sets
elections for 25 May
27-28 Feb: Pro-Russian gunmen seize key buildings in Crimean capital Simferopol
1 March: Russian parliament approves President Vladimir Putin's request to use
Russian forces in Ukraine
6 March: Crimea's parliament asks to join Russia and sets referendum for 16 March

316


317

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