Baynes & Dominiczak: Medical Biochemistry, 2
nd
Edition
Test Bank Chapter 23: Lung and Kidney: The Control of Acid-Base Balance
There may be more than one correct answer.MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.The following factors determine plasma hydrogen ion concentration:A.The concentration of plasma bicarbonateB.The PO
2
C.The PCO
2
D.Urine volumeE.Plasma potassium concentrationANS:A, CThe plasma concentration of bicarbonate is the key determinant of blood pH. It remains inequilibrium with CO
2
, and therefore PCO
2
also determines pH.2.The "metabolic" component of the acid base balance isA.pHB.Plasma bicarbonate concentrationC.HematocritD.CO
2
E.Plasma ureaANS:BBecause the plasma concentration of bicarbonate is determined by its renal reabsorption andsynthesis, it is, by convention, called the metabolic component of the acid-base balance. Theother component is the PCO
2,
which is called the respiratory component.3.The following conditions can lead to metabolic acidosis:A.DiarrheaB.VomitingC.Diabetes mellitusD.Diabetes insipidusE.Potassium lossANS:A, CDiarrhea causes metabolic acidosis through the loss of bicarbonate. The acidosis in diabetesmellitus is caused by an excess production of ketoacids, acetoacetate, and hydroxybutyrate.
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Test Bank 4.Metabolic alkalosis is characterized byA.Low hydrogen ion concentrationB.High plasma concentration of potassiumC.High bicarbonate concentrationD.High ventilation rate as compensationE.DehydrationANS:A, CMetabolic alkalosis is, by definition, characterized by a low hydrogen ion concentration (i.e.,high pH). This is caused by the high bicarbonate concentration. The compensatory response isslowing the ventilation rate (i.e., slow, deep breaths).5.Compensation in prolonged metabolic acidosis includesA.Increased urine volumeB.Decrease in plasma potassium concentrationC.Increased ventilation rateD.Increase in PCO
2
E.Increased plasma osmolalityANS:CThe respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis is increasing the ventilation rate. Thetypical pattern is fast, shallow breathing called Kussmaul breathing.6.Bicarbonate is producedA.By carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytesB.In the liver C.In the proximal kidney tubulesD.In the small intestineE.In the duodenumANS:A, CBicarbonate is produced from the carbon dioxide and water by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.This reaction takes place in the erythrocytes and in the kidney.7.Factors that determine gas exchange includeA.The state of hydrationB.Ventilation rateC.Renal functionD.The degree of lung perfusionE.The acid-base statusANS:B, DThe gas exchange in the lungs is determined by the rate of ventilation and the rate of blood perfusion. Disorders of each and combined disorders exist.
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
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pH Questions
preguntas en ingles sobre pH BIOQUIMICA
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