2-3

2-3.1
(1) (Dynamic)
(2) (Displacement)
2-3.2 (Type of Compressor)
(1) (Dynamic Compressor)
(2) (Displacement Compressor)
(3) (Booster)
(4)
2-3.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) (Treatment of Compressed air)
2-3.4 ?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) ()
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
2-3.5 ?
(1) ?
(2) ?

86

2-3.1
(1) (Dynamic)

(Casing)
Centrifugal, Ejector, Radial, Axial
Centrifugal
(2) (Displacement)


(Rotary)
(Reciprocating Piston Compressor)
2-3.2 (Type of Compressor)
2-3.1

2-3.1
(1) (Dynamic Compressor)
Centrifugal Compressors

2-3.2 Centrifugal Compressors

87


1. 1 4.4 (CFM)
2. ( 400 HP 1,500 HP)
3. 24

1.
2.
( Unload )
(2) (Displacement Compressors)
- (Reciprocating)

2-3.3
0-20 bar

1. 1 3.4
2.
3.
4. 24 Overhaul
- (Rotary)
2.1 (Rotary Vane)

2.2 (Rotary Screw)

2-3.4

2-3.5

1. 1 4.4
88

2.
3. 24
4.
0-13 bar
2 (Rotary Van)
(Rotary Screw) 2-3.1
2-3.1 Rotary Vane Rotary Screw
Rotary Vane
1. 1450 RPM

Motor
1450 RPM

Rotary Screw
1. 3000
RPM
Motor

Compressor
1450 RPM

1450 RPM
Motor

2.
3. (Rotor)
Coupling

4. (Hydrovane)
(Bearing) Bearing Bush Shaft
Bearing Bush
Rotor

5.
6. SAE40
()
7.

Gear - Box

Compressor
3000 RPM

Pulley

Compressor

1450 RPM
3000 RPM
2.

3. 2 1)
2)

4. (Bearing) 6 Ball Bearing 4
Thrust Bearing 2


i
0.008
5.
6. Screw

7.

(3) (Booster)
1) (Pressure Booster)

89

 2-3.6 (Pressure Booter)

2) (Motor Booster Pump)
5-6 (7 )
180

2-3.7 Motor Pump

(4)

2-3.8
(Screw Compressor)
System to adjust suction valve
System to adjust suction valve and air purge
System to change air load/unload by air purge
Inverter system
Ideal control curve
: Air Compressor by Mr. Matsukuma 2005 ECCJ

2-3.8
2-3.3

(1)

2-3.9

90

 2-3.9

1kg/m2 0.1 kg/m2
700 kPa (7 )
3 Rotary Van Rotary Screw

91

(2)

92
Water
Water

Oil Free

Oil Free

Water

Oil Free

Air

Oil injected

Air/Water

Oil Free
Air

Air

Oil Free

Oil injected

Air

Oil Free

Air/Water

Oil injected

Air/Water

Oil Free
Air

Air/Water

Oil Free

Oil injected

Air

Oil Free

Air

Air/Water

Lubricated

Oil injected

Air/Water

Lubricated

Air

Lubricated

2,000

1,000-2,000

250-1,000

25-250

2-25

1,000-,2000

250-1,000

25-250

250-1,000

25-250

2-25

250-1,000

25-250

2-25

250-1,000

25-250

2-25

I/s

0.36

0.39

0.45

0.45

0.52

0.38

0.38

0.43

0..41

0.45

0.52

0.41

0.47

0.56

0.36

0.43

0.52

7
kW/I/s

( VSD)

2-3.2

1)

 2) Peak
Load 3) 4)
2

2-3.1
VR

VR
Co
Po
Pg
A

A x Co x Po
Pg + Po

m3

(m3)
m3/min (FAD)
(1.013 bar)
(bar)
(min) 1.5
3

2-3.2
v=

h( D 2 d 2 )
4

7-10 h 2 = h 3
2
r 2h
3

Ao = r ( 4h + s )
2

v=

2-3.3

(3)



1)
93

 2) 3)

2
1.

2-3.10
2.

2-3.11

.
1 bar 7 - 11% 2 psi
1 %
2-3.4

Delta P
Delta P
f
L
Q
Pm
D

f L Q1.85
Pm D 5

= , bar
= ( f = 450 )
= (m)
= (L/s (FAD))
= , (bar)
= , (mm)
94

 2-3.3

5% 30 6 /
10% 15%
0.1-0.2 bar .
10 /
2-3.5 6 m/sec
Dmm =

Po =
Pg =
Dmm =
Qcmm =

3536 QCMM Po
Pg + Po

(1.013 bar)
(bar)
(mm)
(FAD m3/min)
95

 2-3.4
ASTM STANDARD PIPE Volume lite/sec at Pressure and Pipe Diameters (Velocity 6 m/s)
Pipe (in)
P(bar) /Dia (mm)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0

1/2
15.76
5.9
6.5
7.0
7.6
8.2
8.8
9.4
10.0
10.6
11.1
11.7
12.3
12.9

3/4
50.96
10.4
11.4
12.5
13.5
14.5
15.6
16.6
17.6
18.7
19.7
20.7
21.8
22.8

1.0
26.64
16.8
18.4
20.1
21.8
23.5
25.1
26.8
28.5
30.1
31.8
33.5
35.2
36.8

1,1/4
35.08
29.1
32.0
34.9
37.8
40.7
43.6
46.5
49.4
52.3
55.2
58.1
61.0
63.9

1,1/2
40.94
39.6
43.6
47.5
51.5
55.4
59.4
63.3
67.3
71.2
75.2
79.1
83.1
87.0

2.0
52.48
65.1
71.6
78.1
84.5
91.0
97.5
104.0
110.5
117.0
123.5
130.0
136.5
143.0

2,1/2
62.68
92.8
102.1
111.3
120.6
129.9
139.1
148.4
157.6
166.9
176.2
185.4
194.7
203.9

3.0
77.92
143.5
157.8
172.1
186.4
200.7
215.0
229.3
243.6
257.9
272.2
286.5
300.9
315.2

3,1/2
90.12
191.9
211.0
230.2
249.3
268.5
287.6
306.7
325.9
345.0
364.2
383.3
402.4
421.6

4.0
102.26
247.1
271.7
296.4
321.0
345.7
370.3
395.0
419.6
444.2
468.9
493.5
518.2
542.8

5.0
128.2
388.3
427.1
465.8
504.5
543.3
582.0
620.7
659.5
698.2
736.9
775.7
814.4
853.1

6.0
154.08
561.0
616.9
672.9
728.8
784.8
840.7
896.7
952.6
1008.6
1064.5
1120.5
1176.4
1232.4

2-3.12

96

 1 2%

2-3.13

2-3.13 2-3.14
90 90
2-3.14

30 2-3.15
30
2-3.16 2-3.17 2-3.18 2-3.19

2-3.15

2-3.16

2-3.17 90

2-3.18 2-3.19 90
97

(4) (Treatment of Compressed air)

2-3.5 ISO 8573 - 1

Class
1
2
3
4
5
6

Solid materials
Particle Size Particle density
m
mg/m3
0.1
0.1
1
1
5
5
15
8
40
10
-

Oil
Max. Oil content
mg/m3
0.01
0.1
1
5
25
-

Water
Residual water
Pressure dew point
3

g/m
C
0.003
- 70
0.117
- 40
0.880
- 20
5.953
+3
7.732
+7
9.356
+10

,

- After Cooler
70%
- Main Air Filter
- Refrigerant Air dryer 96%
- Desiceant Air dryer
15%-20% After cooler
2-3.4 ?

()

(kW)

Eff t

3.
x

Eff m

98

4.

Eff c

5.

(hr) 5


1.

3
4
5

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

12.
13.
14.
1.

2.
3.

1.

1.

2.
1.

2.
3.

(1)

1. 3C 1%
2-3.6
Wisen

ikRwT1 T2 P2
=

k 1
P
1

k 1

i *k

p = W(kJ / kg ) Da(kg / lite ) FAD(kite / sec ) %LDU

Da
LDU

= 15 C 1.225x10-3 (kg / liter)

= ON-LOAD 1
99

i
K
T
T1
RW
P1

=
=
=
=
=
=

(Stage Compressor)
1.4 Isentropic of Air Constant
288 K (273 K + 15C)

T2
=
0.2871 (kJ / kg.K) 15C
1 (1.013 bar)
P2
=

2-3.20

2-3.21

2-3.22

3
1. Load + Unload
2. On + Off (
5 )
P

Load

Unload

Tn

Tload2

Tload1
T1

T2

Tunload1

Tunload2
Time

% LDU =

T load x 100
(T load + T unload )

T load 1 x 100
T1

LDU
=
Duty Cycle (1 )
3. Modulating ( Rotary Vane, Screw, Turbo)

Modulating
Air Flow Meter
Load+Unload On-Off Load
100

 Modulating 100%

ECON 75 Load+Unload
216.67 / 7.5 6.5
100 20 12 / 300 /
40C 35C
Model/Type Air Compressor Screw Type 75 kW FAD = 216.67 at 7.5 Load +
Unload (LDU = (100/(100+20)) x 100 = 83.33%)

1
Air Inlet Temperature Before Improving
2
Air Inlet Temperature After Improving
3
Air Compressed Pressure Level
4
Air Inlet Absolute Pressure
5
Stage
6
Isentropic of Air
7
Gas Constant at T1
8
Fraction of Onload status
9
Densities of Air
10 Free Air Delivery
11 Energy Saving
12 Power Saving
13 Operating Days per year
14 Operating Times per day
15 Energy Saving per year
16 Energy Cost Saving per year
* Energy charge = 3.13 Baht/kWh

T1
T2
P2
P1
I
k
RW
LDU
Da
FAD
DW
P
d
hr
ES
EC

50 HP
40
35
7
1.013
1
1.4
0.2871
87.50
1.225E-03
98.83
4.048
0.43
300
24
2,701.29
8,455.03

C
C
bar
bar
o

kJ / kg.K
%
kg / litre
l /sec
kJ / kg
kW
d/y
hr/d
kWh/y
B/y

2-3.4 (1)
(LDU) (
3,600 7 2.50 )

101

()
7.5
11
15
22
30
37
55
75
110

(oC)
3oC
5oC
7oC

10oC

( .)

()

( .)

()

( .)

()

( .)

()

196
303
428
651
910
1,118
1,748
2,325
3,353

491
758
1,070
1,628
2,274
2,795
4,370
5,812
8,384

327
505
713
1,085
1,516
1,863
2,913
3,875
5,589

818
1,263
1,784
2,713
3,790
4,658
7,284
9,687
13,973

458
708
999
1,519
2,123
2,608
4,079
5,425
7,825

1,145
1,769
2,497
3,798
5,307
6,521
10,197
13,561
19,562

654
1,011
1,427
2,170
3,032
3,726
5,827
7,749
11,178

1,635
2,527
3,567
5,426
7,581
9,315
14,567
19,373
27,945

(2)

1) 2) 3)



1 bar 7 - 11 % 2 psi 1%

2-3.23

ECON 100 217 /

7 75 7,200 / 80%

( 2-3.4 )

102


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

(in)
(mm) (ASTM)
(m)
(QFAD = l/s)
(Pg bar)
(bar (e))
[450 x L x Q1.85] / [D5x (Pm)]
(Pg bar)
(%)
(%)
(kW)
(hr/y)
(%)
(kWh/y)
(kWh/y)
(/)

1,1/2
40.94
100
217
7.0
1.03

2.0
52.48
100
217
7.0
0.30

5.97
14.71
7.57
75
7200
80
432,000
32,705
81,761

6.70
4.29
2.21
75
7200
80
432,000
9,526
23,814

2,1/2
3.0
62.68
77.92
100
100
217
217
7.0
7.0
0.12
0.04
6.88
1.71
0.88
75
7200
80
432,000
3,810
9,526

6.96
0.57
0.29
75
7200
80
432,000
1,270
3,175

3,1/2
90.12
100
217
7.0
0.02
6.98
0.29
0.15
75
7200
80
432,000
635
1,588

(3)



4-5
(Pressure Booter)

1. 1 bar 7.25%
2 psi 1%
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.

3.

103

4. 7.5 7
0.5
2-3.7

k 1
k 1

i k R T P i * k P i * k

W 21
22

k 1
k 1

1 i* k

( )

isen

Wisen

()

i k R T P
W 2
=
k 1 P
1

P = W

Da
LDU
i
K
T
T1
RW
P1
P21

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

( )

kJ/kg

k 1

i * k

* Da

kg/lite

* FAD

lite/sec

* %L DU

15 C 1.225x10-3 (kg / liter)

ON-LOAD 1
(Stage Compressor)
1.4 Isentropic of Air Constant
288 K (273 K + 15C)
(K) T2
= (K)
0.2871 (kJ / kg.K) 15C
1 (1.013 bar)
P2
=

P22
=

ECON 60 HP 104.44 /
9 90% 300 (24 )
5 9 5 6

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Absolute Pressure Befor Improving

Absolute Pressure After Improving
Air Inlet Absolute Pressure
Stage
Isentropic of Air
Temperature
Gas Constant

P11
P12
P2
I
k
T
RW
104

8.5
0
1.013
1
1.4
313.15
0.2871

0
7.5
1.013
1
1.4
313.15
0.2871

8.5
7.5
1.013
1
1.4
313.15
0.2871

bar
bar
bar

K
kJ / kg.K


8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16

Fraction of Onload status

Densities of Air
Free Air Delivery
Energy Saving
Power Saving
Operating Days
Operating Times
Energy Consumption : Energy Saving
Cost Saving

LDU
Da
FAD
DW
OWork
EC : ES
EC

90.24
90.24
90.24
%
1.225E-03 1.225E-03 1.225E-03 kg / litre
91.51
91.51
91.51
l /sec
282.05
263.41
18.64
kJ / kg
28.53
26.65
1.89
kW
300
300
300
d/yy
12
12
12
hr/d
102,715
95,927
6,788
kWh/y
23,756 B/y

(4)
5%
1) 2) 3)
4)
, , , ,

2

(No-Load Testing)

2
1 ON/OFF Load

2-3.8 (Qleak)
Qleak = Q

Tav
Tav + t av

QLeak = (l/sec)
Q
= (l/sec : FAD)
Tav = (sec) tav = (sec)

1. ()
2. (Ton)
(toff)
3. 3-5

4. ( 2-3.4 (2))
105


ECON 15/11 HP/kW 20.48 L/sec ( 10 bar)
Tav = 45
tav = 120 (
(11kW/20.48l/s = 0.537 kW/l/sec) 3,600 /
2-3.8
Qleak = 20.48

45
45 + 120

l/sec = 5.59 l/sec

= 5.59 x 0.537 (l/sec) x (kW/l/sec) = 3.00

kW

= 3.00 x 3,600 = 10,800 kWh/y

3 27.27%
5
2 Load + Unload Modulate

70% (
Load + Unload)
2-3.9 (Qleak, liter/sec)
Qleak = V

[P1 P2 ]

V
P1
Tav
Qleak

Tav

=
=
=
=

(liter)
(bar) P2 = (bar)
P1 P2 (sec)
(l/sec)

1.
2. ()
3. (P1)
P2 3-5
( Unload 3-5 )
4.

106

 2-3.4 (2) (Load + Unload)

(* Load + Unload )

1
2
3
4
5

P1
P1 =

T11 ..
T21 ..
T31 ..
T41 ..
T51 ..

P2
P2 =

T12 ..
T22 ..
T32 ..
T42 ..
T52 ..

T ()
T1 = T12 - T11 ..
T2 = T22 - T21 ..
T3 = T32 - T31 ..
T4 = T42 - T41 ..
T5 = T52 - T51 ..
Tavg = T1+ T5

ECON 100/75 HP/kW 243 / (

7.5 ) 4500 (P1) = 7.5
(P2) = 6.5 P1 - P2 (Tav) (Tavg) 150
(75 / 243 /) = 0.31 kW / L/sec 7,200 /
2-3.9
Qleak = 4500

[7.5 6.5] l/sec = 30

150

l/sec

= 30 x 0.31 (l/sec) x (kW/l/sec)

= 9.3 kW

= 9.3 x 7200

= 66,960 kWh/y

9 12.4%
24

2-3.10
0.158 x d2 x (Pg + Po) l/sec
Qleak =
0.158 =
( ISO 1217-1986 Annex
E ) ( Discharge Coefficient 0.97)
d
=
(mm)
Pg
=
. (bar) Po = (1.013 bar)
(d) . (Pg)

(2-3.4 (3))

107

Pressure
(bar)
3.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
7.0
7.5
8.0
9.0

0.3
0.5
l/ses kW l/ses kW
0.06 0.01 0.16 0.03
0.07 0.01 0.20 0.04
0.08 0.02 0.22 0.05
0.09 0.02 0.24 0.06
0.10 0.03 0.28 0.07
0.11 0.03 0.32 0.09
0.12 0.04 0.34 0.10
0.13 0.04 0.36 0.11
0.14 0.05 0.40 0.13

0.7
l/ses kW
0.31 0.05
0.39 0.08
0.43 0.09
0.47 0.11
0.54 0.14
0.62 0.18
0.66 0.20
0.70 0.21
0.78 0.25

Diameter Pipe (mm) and Air Leakage

1.0
3.0
5.0
l/ses kW l/ses kW l/ses kW
0.63 0.11 5.71 0.97 15.85 2.71
0.79 0.16 7.13 1.46 19.80 4.06
0.87 0.19 7.84 1.73 21.78 4.81
0.95 0.22 8.55 2.01 23.75 5.58
1.11 0.29 9.97 2.61 27.70 7.25
1.27 0.36 11.39 3.25 31.65 9.04
1.35 0.40 12.11 3.59 33.63 9.98
1.42 0.44 12.82 3.94 35.60 10.94
1.58 0.52 14.24 4.66 39.55 12.96

7.0
l/ses
31.07
38.81
42.68
46.55
54.29
62.04
65.91
69.78
77.52

kW
5.31
7.97
9.42
10.95
14.21
17.71
19.56
21.45
25.40

2-3.24

108

10.0
l/ses
kW
63.41 10.83
79.21 16.26
87.11 19.22
95.01 22.34
110.81 28.99
126.61 36.15
134.51 39.91
142.41 43.78
158.21 51.83

 2-3.25 () ()

2-3.26
(5) ()

1)
2) Peak Load 3)
4)

1 ECON 100 HP 13
/ 7
( 2-3.1)

VR
=
3 x 13 x 1.013 m3
=
5
m3
7 + 1.013

2-3.11
VR
=
Po x (Vd - Co) x t
(P1 - P2)
t
=
VR x (P1 P2)
min
Po x (Vd - Co)
Vd
=
m3/min
t
=
(min)
P1
=
(Unload) bar P2 = (Load) bar

109

 2 1 16 /
6

VR
=
5
m3
Po
=
1.013 bar
P1
=
7
bar
Co
=
13
m3/min
P2
=
6
bar
Vd
=
16
m3/min

t
=
5 x (7 6)
=
1.65 99
1.013 x (16 13)
* 3 m3/min 1.65
3 2 10 /
6 Load Unload

tUnload
= 5 x (7 6) x 60
= 29.62 sec (23.08%)
1.013 x (10 0)

tload
= 5 x (6 7) x 60
= 98.72 sec (76.92 %)
1.013 x (10 13)
Unload (23.08%)
Unload
Unload 10-15
4 55
8.47 / 7 6
6 / 24x300 /
3 (
2.5 B/kWh 30% )

= (- )

= 3 x (7-6) / (1.013 x 6) min = 0.49

min 29 sec

= ( - )

( - )

= 3 x (6-7) / (1.013 x (6 - 8.47)) min = 1.20

min 72 sec
(29 + 72 =101) sec

72/101x100 = 71.29
29/101x100 = 28.71

= x / x /
kWh/y
= 55 x 24 x 300 = 396,000
kWh/y

= x / x / kWh/y
110

= ((55 x 71.29%)+(55 x 30% x 28.71%)) x 24 x 300 kWh/y

= 316,415.88 kWh/y
= 396,000 - 316,415.88 = 79,584.12 kWh/y

= 79,584.12 x 2.5 = 198,960.3

B/y
2

(6)
1)
2) 3)
4)
-
-
-
-

2-3.27
2-3.27
()

2-3.28
111

 2-3.28

0.7 2-3.4 (8)

ECON 2 15 HP () 60 HP ()
60 HP ()
15 HP (
)
19.30 / 9 17.81%
60 HP

60 HP
15 HP 60 HP

15 HP 28.33 / 9
68.11% 15 HP
69,322 / 187,115 /
15 HP

Model/Type Air Compressure Screw Type 45 kW (No.1) and 11 kW (No.2)

Energy Consumption = [(P Lx %Load) +(P ULx %Unload) x hr/year (kWh/year)
= Power Average x hr/year
(kWh/year)

112


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Load (Power)
Unload (Power)
Load (Time)
Unload (Time)
Dutycycle (Time)
Load Fraction (Load/Dutycycle)
Unload Fraction (UnLoad/Dutycycle)
Power Average
Operating Days
Operating Times
Energy Consumption
Energy Cost
Energy Saving (EComp1 EComp2) ESave

PL
PUL
TL
TUL
TDu
LDu
ULDu
PAvg
OWork
ESum
EC

Comp.1
30.77
15.32
32
146
178
17.98
82.02
18.10
300
24
130,306
325,765

Comp.2
10.91
3.29
121
57
178
67.98
32.02
8.47
300
24
60,984
152,460
69,322
173,305

kW
kW
Sec
Sec
Sec
%
%
kW
d/y
hr/d
kWh/y
B/y
kWh/y
B/y

* Energy charge = 2.50 B/kWh

(7)
1.
2-3.29
12 6 1.5
/ 300 / ( 0.35 // 2.50
/) ( 2-3.10)
Qleak =
0.158 x 122 x (6 + 1.013) = 160 l/sec
=
160 x 0.35 x 1.5 x 300
=
25,200 kWh/y

=
25,200 x 2.50
=
63,000 B/y

2-3.29
2.
(
1)

2-3.30

113

 3.

( 1)

2-3.31
4.

3 2 mm ( 1)

2-3.32
5.

( 1)

2-3.33

2-3.34
6. ()

7.

114

(8)
1.

2-3.35

2-3.36
2. Nozzle

2-3.37 Nozzle

2-3.38 Nozzle
115

 2-3.39 Nozzle

Nozzle

2-3.40 Nozzle

2-3.41 Nozzle

116

 2-3.39

3. Booster
2
2
5-6

2-3.42
4.
5.

1) 2) 3)

4) (Load Unload) 5)
3075% 15

2-3.43

ECON 22
Load + Unload
- Load
=
18.61 kW (55%)
- Unload
=
9.89 kW (45%)
-
=
8.77 kW
-
=
7,200 hr/y

= (18.61x 55%)+(9.89 x 45%) 8.77

kW

= (14.69 8.77) x7,200 = 42,624

kWh/y
117

 2-3.44

2-3.45
(9)
2-3.46 2-3.47
5 2-3.46
6.91 10
15% 10.79

2-3.46
Pressure Ratio = {(5.59 x 0.04 + 0.20) + 1.013} / (1.0 - 0.01) = 6.91 bar

2-3.47
118

Pressure Ratio = {(8.40 x 0.04 + 0.80) + 1.013} / (1.0 - 0.05) = 10.79 bar

1. Air Filter
2. Oil Separator
3. After Cooler
4. Main Filter
5. Air Dryer
6. Mist Filter
7. Main Pipe
8. (1-3)
9. (4-7)

(bar)
0.01
0.20
0.04
0.14
0.20
0.20
0.05
0.25
0.59

(bar)
0.05
0.80
0.04
0.70
0.20
0.70
0.70
0.89
2.30

2-3.48

2-3.49
(10)

94 %
2% 4%

2-3.50
119

 1) 2)
3)

2-3.51

1.
2.
3.
2-3.12
Wheat = [(K1 x Q1)+(K2 x Q2)] x TR x
kWh/year
Wheat = (kWh/year)
K1 =

K2

Q1 = (kW LOAD)

Q1

= (kW UNLOAD)

TR = (hours)

(FAD)
90% 10%
INSTALL (HP)
50
60
90
110
150
175
190
230
280
350

Energy recoverable power

FAD (m /min) Heat flow (kW) Saving at 2000 oper. Hours/year (kWh/year)
6.4
34
68,000
7.4
40
80,000
11.4
51
102,000
14.0
61
122,000
18.7
92
184,000
21.6
109
218,000
23.2
118
236,000
27.9
137
274,000
34.8
176
352,000
43.1
215
430,000
3

120

2-8.5 ?
(1) ?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

121

80%

auto drain

auto drain

0.5 Barg.
1 Barg.

12.

.................

13.

.... Barg. %
.... Barg. %
.... Barg. %

14.

15.
(Ring loop)

16.

17.

18.

122

(Booster air compressor)

0.5 Barg.

kW/m3/min

19. unload
load

unload
unload

20.

21.

5%
5%

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

unload 4050% load

load- unload



1 GPM/ 1CFM
(FAD) 1 /
1
5%
no load test
1
load unload unload

pressure sensor control

123

27.

...................

...................

kW/m3/min

......................

( 2 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

(Cooling tower)

/ (on/off)
(load/unload)

124

3
3
3

125