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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY
By Saliba Sarsar and Alexander Keller*

Democracy is highly promoted and sought these days but its principles are hard to practice and protect. Once secured, however, it generates real life in human communities. Its sunrises provide energy to freedom and growth to civil society and culture, while its sunsets store energy to sustain deliberative citizenship and liberty and bridge past accomplishments to future aspirations.

However, what do we mean by democracy? Are there perfect democratic societies around the world? Are democracy\u2019s rays likely to shine on all landscapes? Is Muslim culture hospitable to deepening democracy\u2019s impact? Do Muslims have a different understanding of democracy? If democracy is the preferred goal, how can democracy\u2019s supporters move democratization forward in Muslim countries?

What we know is that no \u201cone model fits all environments\u201d exists. The journey of democracy is a \u201cgenerational initiative\u201d that must carefully consider internal and external dynamics. If Muslims, like others, wish to promote democracy, then they can detect their country\u2019s place on the democratic terrain and determine how best to improve their practices and standing at home and abroad given their culture, historical experiences, resources, and vision for the future.

This select bibliography is designed to help all those interested in understanding the link between Islam and Muslims on the one hand and democracy on the other. It consists of over 100 entries, divided among books, articles, presentations, and reports; government sources; and institutes and organizations.

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Books
Abou El Fadl, Khaled M., et al. Democracy and Islam in the New Constitution of Afghanistan.
California: Rand Corporation, 2004.
Afary, Janet. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy,
and the Origins of Feminism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Albright, Madeline and Vin Weber. In Support of Arab Democracy: Why and How: Report of an
Independent Task Force. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2005.
Al-Sulami, Misham. The West and Islam: Western Liberal Democracy Versus the System of
Shura. Oxford, UK: Taylor & Francis, Inc., 2003.
Amin, Galal A. and David Wilmsen. Illusion of Progress in the Arab World. New York:
American University in Cairo Press, 2006.
Anderson, Lisa et al., eds. Islam, Democracy and the State in North Africa. Bloomington, IN:
Indiana University Press, 1997.
Ansari, Ali M. Iran, Islam, and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change. London: Royal
Institute of International Affairs, 2001.
Arat, Yesim. Rethinking Islam and Liberal Democracy: Islamist Women in Turkish Politics.
New York: State University of New York Press, 2007.
Azra, Azyumardi. Indonesia, Islam, and Democracy: Dynamics in a Global Context. Canada:
Solstice Publishing, 2006.
Bayat, Assef. Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn.
California: Stanford University Press, 2007.
Benard, Cheryl. Civil Democratic Islam: Partners, Resources, and Strategies. California: The
Rand Corporation, 2004.
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Bin Talal, El Hassan and Alain Elkann. To Be a Muslim: Islam, Peace, and Democracy.
Eastbourne, East Sussex, UK: Sussex Academic Press, 2004.
Bonner, Michael. Islam, Democracy, and the State in Algeria: Lessons for the Western
Mediterranean and Beyond. Abingdon, Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2005.
Browers, Michaelle. Democracy and Civil Society in Arab Political Thought: Transcultural
Possibilities. New York: Syracuse University Press, 2006.
Carothers, Thomas and Marina Ottaway. Uncharted Journey: Promoting Democracy in the
Middle East. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005.
Cesari, Jocelyne. When Islam and Democracy Meet: Muslims in Europe and in the United States.
New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Charfi, Mohamed, and Patrick Camiller. Islam and Liberty: The Historical Misunderstanding.
New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Cole, Juan. The Ayatollahs and Democracy in Contemporary Iraq. Amsterdam: Amsterdam
University Press, 2006.
Cotran, Euegene. Democracy: The Rule of Law and Islam. New York: Springer, 1999.
Craissati, Dina. New Social Movements and Democracy in Palestine: A Model for the Politics of
Civil Society in the Arab World, Democracy and Development. Hamburg London: Lit
Verlag, 2006.
Diamond, Larry, Marc F. Plattner, and Daniel Brumberg. Eds. Islam and Democracy in the
Middle East. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
El Fadl, Khaled Abou, Deborah Chasman, and Joshua Cohen. Islam and the Challenge of
Democracy. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2004.
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