4/6/2009

Watershed Application using ArcGIS

Agus Wibowo
MSc in IT for NRM Bogor Agricultural University
e mail: aw3126@yahoo.com e-mail: aw3126@yahoo com

Aplikasi GIS untuk Watershed

Menentukan batas DAS / watershed boundaries Menentukan distribusi curah hujan di DAS
o o

Polygon Thiessen Isohyet

4/6/2009

Data Used
Data Digital Elevation NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Dapat di-download di http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/ Tersedia Data SRTM 90m Version 4

Website Data SRTM

4/6/2009

Search Data SRTM

3. Click untuk mencari data

1. Pilih format data 2. Click lokasi data

Download Data

Click untuk download

Data hasil download

4/6/2009

Software: ArcGIS Desktop + Spatial Analyst Tools

Watershed Delineation
Creating a depressionless DEM Flow direction Flow Accumulation Stream network/line Stream link Stream order Delineating watersheds
Sumber: ArcGIS Desktop Help

4/6/2009

Add Data to ArcMap - 1

Ekstrak Zip file data hasil download Start ArcMap Aktifkan ArcToolbox Click menuConversion tools ASCII to raster

Add Data to ArcMap - 2

Input: ..\srtm_58_14\srtm_58_14.ASC Output: ..\SRTM_v4\jabar_dem Output data type: INTEGER Click OK

4/6/2009

Add Data to ArcMap - 3

Ubah Symbology Peta

Double Click Layer y

Pilih jenis Color Ramp

Click untuk membalik urutan warna

4/6/2009

Cropping Data DEM

Gunakan ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Extraction Untuk ekstraksi berdasar luasan misal poligon batas admin Jawa Barat gunakan Extract by Mask. Buat raster poligon batas admin Jabar terlebih dahulu.

Buat Mask Batas Admin Jabar

Pilih poligon Jabar
Load batas admin Indo_prop.shp o Select Jawa Barat
o

Konversi Poligon ke raster

o o

Gunakan Arctoolbox Conversion tools To Raster Polygon to Raster

Atur ukuran sel 0.001 (10 m)

4/6/2009

Extract by Mask / Cropping

Gunakan menu Arctoolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Extraction Extract by Mask

Hasil Extract by Mask

Spatial Analyst Overview of Hydrology Tools

Basin: Creates a raster delineating all drainage basins within the Analysis window. Fill: Fills sinks in a surface raster to remove small imperfections in the data. Flow Accumulation: Creates a raster of accumulated flow to each cell by accumulating the weight for all cells that flow into each downslope cell. Flow Direction: Creates a grid of flow direction from each cell to its steepest downslope neighbor. Flow Length: Calculates upstream or downstream distance along a flow path for each cell. Sink: Creates a grid identifying all sinks or areas of internal drainage. Snap Pour Point: Snaps selected pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a specified neighborhood. SnapPour: Snaps selected pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a specified neighborhood. Stream Link: Assigns unique values to sections of a raster linear network between intersections. Stream Order: Assigns a numeric order to segments of a grid representing branches of a linear network. Stream To Feature: Converts a raster representing a raster linear network to a feature class. StreamShape: Converts a grid representing a raster linear network to a shapefile. Watershed: Determines the contributing area above a set of cells in a grid grid.

4/6/2009

Watershed Delineation
Creating a depressionless DEM Flow direction Flow Accumulation Stream network/line (Map Algebra) Stream link Stream order Delineating watersheds
Sumber: ArcGIS Desktop Help

Creating a depressionless DEM - 1

Sink dan Peak terjadi resolusi data atau pembuatan nilai integer Sink dan peak harus dihilangkan, jika tidak maka delineasi jarinagn drainase tidak kontinyu.

4/6/2009

Creating a depressionless DEM - 2

Arctoolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Hydrology Fill Waktu: 4 menit (Core 2 duo 2.33 GHz, RAM 4GB)

DEM h hasil il

Create Flow Direction

Menentukan arah aliran air Evaluasi 3 x 3 cell, cell berhenti pada tengah cell dan evaluasi dengan nilai cell tetangganya. Jika arah aliran ke utara maka nilai cell tengah diganti dengan cell tsb. Nilai cell antara 1-255 Contoh untuk illustrasi

10

4/6/2009

Compute Flow Direction

ArctoolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Flow Direction Waktu: 30 detik

Hasil Flow Direction

Compute Flow Accumulation

Untuk menentukan jaringan sungai Waktu: 1' 6

Hasil Flow Accumulation

11

4/6/2009

Extract Stream Network - 1

Ubah symbology peta FlowAccumulation menjadi classified dengan 5 klas secara Natural Breaks. Maka akan terlihat angka treshold jaringan sungai.

Extract Stream Network - 2

ArctoolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Map Algebra Single Output Map ALgebra

12

4/6/2009

Stream Link

Stream Order
Metode:

13

4/6/2009

Watershed Delineation
Watershed Outlet / Pour Points Create shapefiles (point) using ArcCatalog Add pour point pada pertemua cabang sungai sungai.

Pour Point
Buat pour point sesuai kebutuhan

14

4/6/2009

Watershed Delineation
Hasil kurang bagus, perlu pour point yang banyak.

Automatic Basin Delineation

Secara otomatis delineasi basin / watershed area untuk seluruh data. ArctoolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Hydrologi Basin

15

4/6/2009

Compute Flow Length

Flow length is the distance travelled from any cell along the surface flow network to an outlet. This can be used to find areas that are closer to headwater locations or closer to stream outlets. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Hydrology Flow Length

Hasil Flow Length

16

4/6/2009

Hillshade
Untuk memberi efek tampilan 3D Arctoolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Surface Hillshade Overlay dengan Flowlenght dengan transparancy 35%

Referensi
ArcGIS Desktop Help Hydrologic y g Modeling g and Watershed Delineationhttp://courses.washington.edu/esrm590/lessons/hydrology/index. html SRTM 90m Digital Elevation Data http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/ Data Batas Administrasi, jaringan jalan, lokasi kota, http://neonet.bppt.go.id

17