OPHIHHAHHH HAYHH HAHAK YK572"637"(497.

11 Mokrin);
UDK 903"637"(497.11 Mokrin)
Emuooumpono.ouku npoo.e+u u.c. eo. 5. cc.1 (2010)
Mapxo Hopunh
Oe+eue so opxeo.oeufy
4u.osoqcku qoky.mem
Vuucepsumem y Beoepoy
marko.porcic@gmail.com
Anxpononornja poa npancxopnjcxnx nonynannja:
C.yuof "noepeuuo" opufeumucouux epoooco uo
+okpuuckof uekpono.u

Ancxpaxx: Onaj pa( ann cc nponcmnma ns (omcna an:pononoinjc po(a y

npanc:opnjcxom xon:cxc:y. Konxpc:no, nn jc (a cc ocnc:nn sam:o cy o(pchcnc
nn(nnn(yc mymxoi n cncxoi nona opnjcn:ncanc cynpo:no c:pnx:noj nopmn xoja
jc nanna sa mymxapnc n cnc na ncxpononn panoi ponsanoi (oa y Moxpnny
xo( Knxnn(c. Anannsom cy oyxnahcna :pn (omcna: ]nsnuxc ax:nnnoc:n, iponn
npnnosn n npoc:opna c:pyx:ypa ncxpononc. Ha ocnony anannsc moc cc saxyun-
:n (a cy y moxpnncxom (pym:ny panoi ponsanoi (oa noc:ojann nnncp:onann
po(nn n(cn:n:c:n.
Knyune peun: pano ponsano (oa, non, po(, n(cn:n:c:, mycxyno-cxcnc:nn
mapxcpn c:pcca, Moxpnn.
Yno(
Hponcm po(noi n(cn:n:c:a npc(c:ana ncoma nno n snauajno nc:pan-
nauxo noc y apxconomxnm xpyionnma noc:nponccnc opnjcn:annjc (Diaz-
Andreu et al. 2005, Gilchrist 1999, Hays-Gilpin and Whitley 1998, Nelson 1997,
Wright 1996). Axo cc n(cn:n:c: cxna:n xao nnmc(nmcnsnonn ]cnomcn, po(na
xomnoncn:a n(cn:n:c:a npc(c:ana jc(ny o( nannx (nmcnsnja xoja y ncnn-
xoj mcpn (c:cpmnnnmc oc:anc ]anc:c n(cn:n:c:a ococ.

Onaj pa( nac:ao jc y oxnnpy npojcx:a Humepky.mypuo ko+yuukoufo y no.eo-

oo.koucu+ pyumcu+o (p. 147040) ]nnancnpanoi o( c:panc Mnnnc:apc:na sa
nayxy n :cxnonomxn pasnoj Pcnynnxc Cpnjc. 3axnayjcm cc npo]ccopnma C:a-
mn Fanh n Ancxcan(py Hanancc:pn sa xopncnc xomcn:apc n cyicc:njc. Hoccny
saxnannoc: (yiyjcm (oncn:y Co]njn C:c]anonnh sa ncnnxy n ncccnuny nomoh
xa(a jc pcu o no(annma n nn:cpnpc:annjama ns (omcna ]nsnuxc an:pononoinjc n
nponcma:nxc moxpnncxc ncxpononc yonm:c. 3a anannsy iponnx npnnoia xopn-
mhcna jc asa Hiopa Foi(anonnha, xomc cc, :axohc, saxnayjcm. Hapanno, o(io-
nopnoc: sa cnc nponyc:c n ipcmxc jc ncxyunno moja.
MAPKO HOPHT
Emuooumpono.ouku npoo.e+u u.c. eo.5. cc.1 (2010)
166
Hojam po najucmhc n(c y napy ca nojmom no.. Hojam non nmnnnnnpa,
nnn jc uax oc pchn aconnpa, na jom jc(an ncoma naan nojam :cno. Haj-
jc(noc:annnjn noinuxn cnc( n onaxo nsinc(ao: :cno non po(. Oconnc :c-
na cy ono m:o o(pchyjc non, a po( jc xyn:ypna nn:cpnpc:annja ncunjci nona.
Mchy:nm, yucnnuxa ]opmyna (a jc non nonomxa, a po( (pym:ncna xa-
:ciopnja, ucc:o jc xpn:nxonana xao cynnmc jc(noc:anna n nc:auna y mo-
(cpnnm :copnjama pa(nxannoi xonc:pyx:nnnsma nncnc:npa cc na :omc (a
noc:ojn camo po(, jcp jc n non sanpano (pym:ncnn xonc:pyx: (Geller 2008;
Gilchrist 1999, 13; Hert 2003). Ono nnhcnc nnjc :onnxo pa(nxanno xonnxo cc
na npnn noinc( unnn, jcp ca cmnuxoi c:anonnm:a, noc:ojn camo ono m:o cc
nn(n xpos "xyn:ypnc naouapc", a y mnoinm cnyuajcnnma, uax n y namoj xyn-
:ypn (nnp. :panccxcyannc ococ xojc cy xnpypmxom nn:cpncnnnjom npomc-
nnnc non), :cmxo jc ionopn:n o nony xao ]nxcnpanoj xa:ciopnjn.
Mchy:nm, :pca pasnnxona:n cmnuxy n c:nuxy pcannoc:. Hayxa oncpnmc
na nnnoy c:nuxoi (cf. Binford 1987), a y c:nuxoj ncpcncx:nnn non jc pcanna
anann:nuxa (nmcnsnja nomnnanna npomcnnna xoja nma (na mo(ann:c:a:
mymxn n cncxn (a axo jc no:pcno, moc cc yncc:n n :pchn sa xcpma]po(n-
:c). Honna npnna(noc: cnaxoi nojc(nnna cc ojcx:nnno moc y:np(n:n na
ocnony jacnnx xpn:cpnjyma xonxpc:nnx npc(noc:n o(pchcnnx a:pny:a
:cna (nnp. npncy:no nnn o(cyc:no ncnnca nnn nainnc, mop]onoinja xapnnnc,
xpomosomcxa c:pyx:ypa). Ca c:nuxoi c:anonnm:a, xonxpc:no sa no:pcc
apxconomxc anannsc, xoja no(pasymcna nocma:paua xojn cc nanasn nsnan
xyn:ypc xojy npoyuana, non jc xopncna anann:nuxa xa:ciopnja, uax cc moc
pchn (a jc non ncsamcnnn ynopc(nn oxnnp y npaxcn apxconoinjc po(a. Haxo
jc cmnuxa pcannoc: onoi nojma ynn:na, non npc(c:ana sa anann:nuapa
ancony:no pcanny n ojcx:nnny xa:ciopnjy. Ynpano sa:o cc n xac (a jc non
nonomxa xa:ciopnja (a n cc nainacnna anann:nuxa npnpo(a xa:ciopnjc
c jc(nc, n (a n cc oc:anno npoc:op sa xyn:ypnc acncx:c ca (pyic c:panc.
O(noc nsmchy :cna, nona n po(a (ancxo jc cnocnnjn o( npoc:oi cnc(a
xojn jc npc(c:ancn (Bussey and Bandura 1999). Onaj o(noc nnjc o(noc npo-
c:c ccxncnnc, nch ncoma cnocnc nn:cpaxnnonc mpcc. Ha npnmcp, xo(
:panccxcyannnx ocoa xojc cc o(nyuc na :o (a xnpypmxnm ny:cm npomcnc
non, oconnc :cna cy npc oncpannjc y xon]nnx:y ca po(nnm n(cn:n:c:om
ococ, a xao nocnc(nna cncc:n o conc:ncnom po(nom n(cn:n:c:y, ocoa cno-
jom o(nyxom y:nuc na cnojc :cno n cnoj non.
Cnaxa xyn:ypa nn:cpnpc:npa oconnc :cna na o(pchcnn naunn, a o(
xyn:ypnc nn:cpnpc:annjc :cna sanncn m:a cc oucxyjc (a ocoa unjc jc :cno
pa(n y nno:y, y cmncny (pym:ncnc ynoic, na npnmcp xa(a jc pcu o po(noj
no(cnn pa(a. pyinm pcunma, ax:nnnoc:n ococ cy y ncnnxoj mcpn ycno-
ncnc conc:ncnom n (pym:ncnom ncpncnnnjom po(noi n(cn:n:c:a ococ.
Bpahajyhn cc na nponcm o(noca nsmchy :cna n po(a, :pca nainacn:n (a
jc ax:nnnoc: jc(an o( naunna na xojn po(nn n(cn:n:c: moc y:nna:n na
"HOIPLLHO" OPHJLHTHCAHH IPOFOBH...
Emuooumpono.ouku npoo.e+u u.c. eo. 5. cc. 1 (2010)
167
:cno, nno (a cc pa(n o (npcx:nom n cnccnom y:nnajy, xaxan jc na npnmcp
onnxonanc :cna xpos ncanc n yxpamananc (cf. Treherne 1995), nno (a
cc pa(n o nccnccnom y:nnajy na :cno xpos ax:nnnoc:n xojc ocoa cnpono-
(n. Po(nn n(cn:n: cc ]opmnpa, nsmchy oc:anoi, onnm m:o ocoa pa(n,
m:o onc: moc nma:n nocnc(nnc na :o xaxo ona nsinc(a.
Ona :csa cc moc cainc(a:n n ca c:anonnm:a onm:ci nponcma nsmchy
c:pyx:ypc n xon:nnicnnnjc: conno-xyn:ypna c:pyx:ypa nmnnnnnpa o(pc-
hcnc nxcnnopannc opacnc, (ox y nc:o npcmc nonamanc y(n y:nuc na
conno-xyn:ypny c:pyx:ypy. Hponcm o(noca c:pyx:ypc n npaxcc nnn
c:pyx:ypc n (cnana (Dornan 2002, Smith 2001) ncn y ocnonn onaxnc xon-
ncn:yannsannjc o(noca nsmchy :cna, po(a n ax:nnnoc:n.
Hncnc:npanc na :copnjcxom snauajy :cna y mo(cpnoj apxconomxoj :co-
pnjn noc:nponccnc nponcnnjcnnnjc jc no:nyno pasymnno, jcp jc :cno y
nc:o npcmc n nn(nxa:op n noxpc:au y(cxoi (cnonana (Hamilakis et al.
2002). Mchy:nm, c:nuc cc y:ncax (a jc (ncxycnja o :cny nnmc ycmcpcna na
cnmonnuxn n n(conomxn no:cnnnjan :cna xao nna:na na xomc cc moiy npo-
jcx:ona:n xomnoncn:c n(cn:n:c:a. npcx:nn nn(nxa:opn ax:nnnoc:n :cna,
xao m:o cy ncionc nonomxc xapax:cpnc:nxc, pc:xo ce xa(a nc:payjy,
naxo ona npc:a no(a:axa o:napa npa:a sa nc:pannanc mnoinx nn:ana xoja
cy o( ncn:pannoi snauaja y noc:nponccnoj apxconoinjn (cf. Geller 2008). Ta-
xo noc:ojn napa(oxc (a cc o :cny, napoun:o (cna:nom :cny, najnnmc npnua
n (ncxy:yjc y oxnnpy noc:nponccnc apxconoinjc (Geller 2008, Hamilakis et
al. 2002) n noc:mo(cpno opnjcn:ncanc an:pononoinjc (Ivanovi and Sarcevi
2003), ann (a cc cxopo cnn pa(onn xojn cc (npcx:no anc nc:pannancm n-
omcxannuxnx nn(nxa:opa ax:nnnoc:n n nnxonnm (pym:ncnnm nmnnnxann-
jama o(nnjajy y nponccnom xyuy (al-Oumaoui et al. 2004, Churchill and
Morris 1998, Kennedy 1998, Lieverse et al. 2009, Molnar 2006, Pechenkina
and DeIgado 2006, Peterson 2002, Porci and Stefanovi 2009, Rodrigues 2005,
Steen and Lane 1998, Stirland 1998, Wilczak 1998).
Onaj pa( npc(c:ana noxymaj (a cc o(noc nsmchy nona n po(a y npan-
c:opnjcxnm sajc(nnnama nc:pan xpos anannsy mycxyno-cxcnc:nnx mapxc-
pa ax:nnnoc:n n :pa(nnnonannnx apxconomxnx no(a:axa nony: iponnx
npnnoia. Kao c:y(nja cnyuaja nsapana jc ponsano(oncxa ncxponona y
Moxpnny xo( Knxnn(c.
Hcxponona y Moxpnny cc xpononomxn onpc(cyjc y pano ponsano (oa,
a xyn:ypno-nc:opnjcxn npc(c:ana jc(an o( najsnauajnnjnx noxann:c:a mo-
pnmxc xyn:ypc (Garaanin 1983, O'Shea 1996). Ancony:nn (a:ymn sa noxann-
:c: Moxpnn xpchy cc o( oxo 2150 (o 1750 io(nnc n.n.c. (Forenbaher 1993,
O'Shea 1992). Apxconomxn ma:cpnjan ns 312 nc:pacnnx ipoona ns Moxpn-
na jc (c:ano ojancn n anannsnpan (Giri 1971, O'Shea 1996). Cxcnc:nn ma-
:cpnjan jc an:pononomxn opahcn y nnmc nanpa:a n ca pasnnun:nmnncnnma
(Farkas and Liptak 1971, Rega 1995, Stefanovi 2006). 3a onaj pa( jc pcncnan:na
MAPKO HOPHT
Emuooumpono.ouku npoo.e+u u.c. eo.5. cc.1 (2010)
168
c:y(nja Co]njc C:c]anonnh unja jc anannsa ]oxycnpana ynpano na mycxyno-
cxcnc:nc mapxcpc oxynannonoi c:pcca (Stefanovi 2006), xaon(c:annjc ana-
nnsc o(noca (pym:ncnoi c:a:yca n no(cnc pa(a (Porci and Stefanovi 2009).
c]nnnnnja nponcma n nncna nc:pannana
Ha moxpnncxoj ncxpononn noc:ojana jc jacna nopma ncsana sa opnjcn:a-
nnjy mymxnx n cncxnx nn(nnn(ya (Giri 1971). Hn(nnn(yc mymxoi nona
cy caxpannnanc :axo (a nm jc inana oxpcny:a xa ccncpy, (ox cy nn(nnn(yc
cncxoi nona caxpannnanc :axo (a nm jc inana oxpcny:a xa jyiy.
Mchy:nm, y manom pojy cnyuajcna moxpnncxa nopma opnjcn:annjc jc
npc:nopcna y cnojy cynpo:noc: (Tacna 1): 4 nn(nnn(yc cncxoi nona
oxpcny:c cy inanom xa ccncpy, (ox cy 4 mymxc nn(nnn(yc caxpancnc :axo
(a nm jc inana oxpcny:a xa jyiy.
Ona cn:yannja jc nsysc:no sannmnna ca c:anonnm:a o(noca :cna (no-
na) n po(a. Ha anann:nuxom nnnoy, younno jc (a caxpannnanc onnx nn-
(nnn(ya npc(c:ana anomannjy xojy jc no:pcno ojacnn:n.
axnc, ocnonno nn:anc jc sam:o cy onc nn(nnn(yc caxpancnc y cy-
npo:noc:n ca nopmom :j. na xaxnc saxyuxc o xonc:pyncany n (onnajy
po(noi n(cn:n:c:a onaj ]cnomcn ynyhyjc? O(ionop na ono nn:anc :pan-
hc cc na (na naunna:
1. Y:nphnnancm (a nn cy onn cnyuajcnn y cynpo:noc:n ca nopmom n na
(pyinm (nmcnsnjama. Konxpc:no: (a nn cy nn:cnsn:c: n opasan ax:nnno-
c:n xo( onnx nn(nnn(ya y cainacnoc:n ca nonom?
2. Y:nphnnancm(a nn cy onn cnyuajcnn (pyiaunjn y o(nocy na cnc oc:anc
ipoonc. Konxpc:no: a) (a nnnoc:ojnncsa nsmchy c:apoc:nn "noipcmnc" opn-
jcn:annjc o( oc:annx ipoona ) (a nn cy onn ipoonn (pyiaunjn no ca(pajy
npnnoia n) (a nnnoc:ojn o(pchcnn npoc:opnn opasan ncsan sa onc ipoonc?
Ipo Hou Cmapocm Auam Kepa+uua Hauum Opyje
3upacu
sa cuaey
Hcue Ocmauo 3uynuo
94 F Infans I 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
95 F Infans I 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
160 F Adultus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
88 F Adultus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 M Senilis 0 2 6 0 0 2 0 10
79 M Senilis 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3
122/1 M Adultus 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3
281 M Senilis 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Tacna 1: Ocnonnn no(ann o nony, yspac:y n iponnm npnnosnma "noipcmno" opnjcn:ncannx
ipoona (no(ann npcma Giri 1971, Stefanovi 2006)
"HOIPLLHO" OPHJLHTHCAHH IPOFOBH...
Emuooumpono.ouku npoo.e+u u.c. eo. 5. cc. 1 (2010)
169
Mc:o(n n no(ann
Auo.uso +ycky.o-cke.emuux +opkepo cmpeco
Pa( mnmnha cc (npcx:no pc]ncx:yjc na xoc:nma, na :aj naunn m:o ucc:a
n nn:cnsnnna yno:pca mnmnha (ono(n (o ynchana xom:anoi :xnna, a y
cxc:pcmnnm cnyuajcnna n nesnja, na ecry npnnoja nmnha n xocrn (Chen
et al. 2007, Hamrick et al. 2006, Raab-Cullen et al. 1994, Turner 1998). Casnaj-
nn norennnjan ncrpannana ycxyno-cxenernnx apxepa crpeca npenosnar
je o crpane apxeonora n anrpononora (Capasso et al. 1999, Hawkey and
Merbs 1995, Kennedy 1998, Lieverse et al. 2009, Mariotti et al. 2006, Porcic
and Stefanovic 2009, Robb 1994, 1998, Robb et al. 2001, Rodrigues 2005,
Stefanovic 2006, Stefanovic and Porcic forthcoming, StirIand 1998, Weiss
2003, 2004, 2007, Wilczak 1998).
Anannsy ycxyno-cxenernnx apxepa crpeca oxpnncxnx rpoona
cnponena je na ysopxy o 118 nnnnnya Co]nja Cre]anonnh (Stefanovic,
2006). Honna crpyxrypa ysopxa anpoxcnnpa nonny crpyxrypy nexponone,
ox je crapocna crpyxrypa npncrpacna xa nnmn xareropnjaa, jep
nnnnnye nahe o 20 ronna nncy ysere y pasarpane (Taena 2).
20-35 coo. 35-50 coo. >50 coo. Heoopeheuo 3uynuo
+encxn non 26 26 12 0 64
Mymxn non 16 21 12 1 50
Heopeheno 0 0 0 4 4
Yxynno 42 47 24 5 118
Taena 2: Honna n crapocna crpyxrypa ysopxa (npea Stefanovic 2006)
oarny xnannrarnnny n xnanrnrarnnny anannsy axrnnnocrn cy cnpo-
nenn Cre]anonnh n Hopnnh (Porcic and Stefanovic 2009, Stefanovic and
Porcic forthcoming). Hoenyrn ayropn cy nsnojnnn rpn xnannrarnnne n-
ensnje axrnnnocrn (axrnnnocrn nory, axrnnnocrn paena n nanaxrnne n
axrnnnocrn nonaxarnor ena pyxe), xao n onmry epy axrnnnocrn ocoe.
Kaa je pen o pasnnxaa na onmroj epn crpeca, yoneno je a cy y npocexy
ymxapnn oanann nanopnnje n ]nsnnxn saxrennnje nocnone o ena, mro
yxasyje na jacny noeny paa. Taxohe, xao mro je neh noenyro, yonene cy
pasnnxe n y xnannrarnnnn acnexrna opacnna axrnnnocrn (Stefanovic
and Porcic forthcoming). Pasnnxe cy najyonnnnje na onn excrpenrern-
a, re ymxapnn najy snanajno narnamennje nmnhne npnnoje.
Anannsa rpynncana (Cluster analysis) cnponeena na nenoxynnoysopxy je
xao pesynrar ana rpn rpyne. Anannsa rpynncana je crarncrnnxa rexnnxa xoja
na sa nna cnynajene rpynnme raxo a je cnnnnocr cnynajena ynyrap rpyne
n pasnnnnrocr nsehy rpyna axcnanna na nensnjaa xoje ce xopncre y
MAPKO HOPHT
Emuooumpono.ouku npoo.e+u u.c. eo.5. cc.1 (2010)
170
anannsn (Baxter 1994, Shennan 2004). Anannsa rpynncana je y ono xonxper-
no cnynajy nana sa nn a nsonyje rpyne nnnnnya y npocropy xojn nnne
rpn nensnje axrnnnocrn. Hnnnnye xoje ce nanase y ncroj rpynn najy
cnnnanopasanaxrnnnocrn(cnnnne cxopone na nojennannnnensnjaa).
Kao pesynrar xonxperne anannse oxpnncxor ysopxa, nsononane cy rpn
rpyne (Taena 3): 1) "emonnra" y xojoj cy rorono pannoepno sacrynene
nnnnnye ymxor n encxor nona 2) "ymxa" y xojoj onnnpajy
nnnnnye ymxor nona 3) "encxa" y xojoj onnnpajy nnnnnye
encxor nona.
15.671, df 2, exact p 0.001
Ipyna
Ykynno
1 2 3
Hon +encxn
8 7 17 32
Mymxn
6 17 2 25
Yxynno
14 24 19 57
Taena 3: Honna crpyxrypa rpyna nsononannx anannso rpynncana
Haanocr, cnera 2 o 8 "norpemno" opnjenrncannx nnnnnya cy onn-
cane na apxepna. Pan ce o jenoj ymxoj (rpo 281) n jenoj encxoj
caxpann (rpo 88).
Peuocone ucmpoucovkux numono
a nn cy nn+ensn+e+ n opasan ak+nnnoc+n ko onnx nnnnnya y
carnacnoc+n ca nonou? Oronop na ono nnrane nhe norpaen nopehe-
ne onmre epe crpeca nnnnnya xoje ocrynajy o nope ca npocexo
crpeca sa ymxy n encxy nonynannjy. erannja anannsa he nrn nsnp-
mena nopehene cxopona na nojennannn npnnojna ca encxo, ono-
cno ymxo nonynannjo.
a nn noc+ojn c+apocna npnc+pacnoc+? a nn nocrojn renennnja a
ce npnnannnn jene crapocne rpyne "norpemno" opnjenrnmy? Ona xnno-
resa nhe recrnpana na raj nannn mro he ce y oxnnpy ymxe n encxe no-
nynannje ncnnrarn a nn nocrojn nesa nsehy "norpemne" opnjenrannje n
crapocrn.
a nn cy onn rpoonn pyraunjn no capaajy npnnora o oc+annx
rpoona? Kaa je pen o npnnosna, oryhe je nocarparn yxynan poj
npnnora y rpoonna, xao n nnepsnrer xnaca npnnora. Knace npnnora cy
npeysere ns enexrponcxe ase noaraxa oxpnncxnx rpoona xojy je cacra-
nno Hrop Foranonnh: 1) xepanxa 2) opyje 3) yxpacn sa rnany 4) nrne 5)
naxnr n oenne annnxannje 6) anarxe 7) ocrano.
"HOIPLLHO" OPHJLHTHCAHH IPOFOBH...
Emuooumpono.ouku npoo.e+u u.c. eo. 5. cc. 1 (2010)
171
3a anannsy je nnannpano a ce nanpann nopehene ca nne a ce yrnp-
n a nn cy nnnnnnnye xoje ocrynajy o nope pyrannje no nnepsn-
rery, xnanrnrery n crpyxrypn rponnx npnnora.
a nn noc+ojn npoc+opnn opasan? Bnsyenno anannso cnryanno-
nor nnana oxpnncxe nexponone nhe ncnnrana npocropna ncrpnynnja
onnx rpoona.
Pesynrarn
Onumu uumeusumem okmucuocmu ko
"noepeuuo" opu/eumucouux uuucuyo
Anannso xojy cy cnponenn Cre]anonnh n Hopnnh, yrnpheno je a ns-
ehy ymxe n encxe nonynannje nocrojn crarncrnnxn snanajna pasnnxa y
npocennoj epn onmrer nnrensnrera axrnnnocrn (Porcic and Stefanovic,
2009). Mymxapnn cy, npea onn pesynrarna, pannn nanopnnje nocnone
o ena. Cxoponn sa rpoone 281 n 88 na onmroj epn crpeca cy peo
1.88 n 1. Cxop nnnnnye ymxor nona (281) nnn je npocexy sa encxy
nonynannjy, mro raxohe nan n sa ocoy encxor nona (88).
Tpea npnernrn a oe nnnnnye nncy excrpene no cnojn npeno-
crna, rj. na ymxnx nnnnnya xoje najy ann cxop o cxenera poj
281, xao mro na encxnx nnnnnya ca nehn n ann cxopo o nnn-
nnye 88.
Hou 3uynuo Hpoceu Cmauoapoua oeeujauuja
+encxn 64 1.6283 0.7182
Mymxn 50 2.6433 0.8883
Taena 4: ecxpnnrnnna crarncrnxa sa ymxn n encxn eo ysopxa (npea Porcic and
Stefanovic 2009)
Kco.umomucuo ouo.uso okmucuocmu
C osnpo na ro a cy xo rpoa 281 nna nocarpana cnera 4 apxepa,
cnn ca xyepyca, a xo rpoa 88 cnera 2 apxepa, oa ca ]eypa, nnje nno
oryhe yxynnrn one nnnnnye y anannsy rpynncana. Mehyrn, nanpa-
neno je nopehene cxopa na cnaxo o nojennannnx apxepa y onocy na
nnrany ymxy, onocno encxy nonynannjy.
Hpunoju Xy+. 1 Xy+.2 Xy+.3 Xy+.4 4e+.21 4e+.25
rpo 281 2 2 2 1.5
rpo 88 1 1
Taena 5: Cxoponnnnnnnya 281 n 88 nanojennannnapxepna (npea Cre]anonnh 2006)
MAPKO HOPHT
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172
Hnnnnya p. 281 je na cnn apxepna nna encxoj nonynannjn,
axo ce nocarpa npocenna npenocr nspaenocrn xonxpernor apxepa, a axo
ce nocarpajy enjane, na apxepna Xy. 1 n Xy. 3 je nna ymxap-
nna, a na apxepna Xy. 2 n Xy. 4 je nna enaa. Hajnspaennja je
pasnnxa xo npnnoja Xy 2. n Xy. 4 re je nnnnnya snanajno nna en-
cxoj nonynannjn. Ineano ca acnexra nponenra ymxapana xojn najy ann
cxop na noenyra 4 npnnoja y oxnnpy crapocne rpyne xojoj npnnaa rpo
281 (Senilis, >50 ro.) cnryannja je onaxna: 28.6 ymxapana yspacra Senilis
na cxop na npnnojy Xy. 1 ann o 2, 66.7% ymxapana yspacra Senilis
na cxop na npnnojy Xy. 2 ann o 2 (cnn ocrann najy 2), 16.7 ymxa-
pana yspacra Senilis na cxop na npnnojy Xy. 3 ann o 2, n 14.3 ymxa-
pana yspacra Senilis na cxop na npnnojy Xy. 4 ann o 1.5
Hnnnnya p. 88 e]nnnrnnno npnnaa encxoj nonynannjn rneano
n npea npocexy n npea enjann sa apxepe Oe. 21 n Oe. 25. Cnera
14.7 ena crapocne rpyne o 25-30 ronna na cxop na npnnojy Oe. 21
nehn o 1, a 41.7 ena y onoj crapocnoj rpynn na cxop na npnnojy Oe.
25 nehn o 1.
Hpoceu Meoujaua Mooyc 25. nepueumuu 75. nepueumuu
+encxn Xy. 1 1.60 1.50 1.00 1.00 2.00
Xy. 2 1.85 2.50 3.00 1.00 3.00
Xy. 3 1.69 1.75 3.00 0.75 2.50
Xy. 4 1.69 2.00 2.50 1.00 2.50
Oe.. 21 1.17 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.50
Oe.. 25 1.35 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.50
Mymxn Xy. 1 2.71 2.00 1.50 1.50 4.00
Xy. 2 0.97 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.50
Xy. 3 2.44 2.00 1.00 1.50 3.00
Xy. 4 2.13 2.50 3.00 1.00 3.00
Oe.. 21 1.96 2.00 1.50 1.50 2.50
Oe.. 25 2.83 2.50 2.00 2.00 4.00
Taena 6: Hpocennn cxoponn ymxe n encxe nonynannje sa oapane apxepe
Cmopocuo cmpykmypo "noepeuuo" opu/eumucoue nony.ou/e
Ko ena ne nocrojn crarncrnnxn snanajna nesa nsehy nona n "norpe-
mne" opnjenrannje ( 1.904, df = 3, exact p = 0.738), ann xo ymxapana
nocrojn ( 25.750, df = 3, exact p = 0.001) crarncrnnxn snanajna renen-
nnja a npnnannnn najcrapnje yspacne rpyne yy "norpemno" opnjenrn-
cann y onocy na nopy xoja nan na nexpononn.
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Hon
C+apocna rpyna Yxynno
Infans
I/Infans
II/Juvenilis Adultus Maturus Senilis
+ "Horpemno"
opnjenrncannn
He Ynecranocr
35 70 23 11 139
Onexnnana
ynecranocr 36 70 22.4 10.7 139
a Ynecranocr
2 2 0 0 4
Onexnnana
ynecranocr
1.0 2.0 .6 .3 4.0
Yxynno
37 72 23 11 143
M He Ynecranocr
27 41 23 5 96
Onexnnana
ynecranocr 25.9 40.3 22.1 7.7 96
a Ynecranocr
0 1 0 3 4
Onexnnana
ynecranocr
1.1 1.7 0.9 0.3 4.0
Yxynno
27 42 23 8 100
Taena 7: Ynaxpcna raenannja opnjenrannje n crapocrn ynyrap nonnnx rpyna.
Vkynou opo/ u ucepsumem npu.oeo
Hpncycrno nnn ocycrno npnnora nncy nonesann ca "norpemno" opnjen-
rannjo (Taena 8). Taxohe, ne nocrojn crarncrnnxn snanajna pasnnxa y
npocenno yxynno pojy n nnepsnrery npnnora nsehy "nopanno" n
"norpemno" opnjenrncannx rpoona.
Iponn npnnosn
Yxynno
Ocyrnn Hpncyrnn
"Horpemno"
opnjen+ncann
He Ynecranocr 73 235 308
Onexnnana ynecranocr 73.1 234.9 308.0
a Ynecranocr 2 6 8
Onexnnana ynecranocr 1.9 6.1 8.0
Yxynno 75 241 316
Taena 8: Besa nsehy "norpemne" opnjenrannje n npncycrna n ocycrna npnnora.
MAPKO HOPHT
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174
uueusuja 1
2.000 1.000 0.000 -1.000 -2.000

u
u
e
u
s
u
j
a

2
5.000
4.000
3.000
2.000
1.000
0.000
-1.000
281.00
1221.00
79.00
10.00
95.00
94.00
Myuku
Aeucku
Ron
Cmpykmypo epoouux npu.oeo
Kaxo n nna nsnpmena opnnannja rpoona npea crpyxrypn rponnx
npnnora, nsnpmena je anannsa xopecnonennnje na arpnnn noaraxa re
cy peonn nnn nojennannn rpoonn, a xonone xnace rponnx npnnora, a
hennje y npecexy pea n xonone poj opehene xnace rponnx npnnora y
xonxperno rpoy. Anannsa xopecnonennnje je ynrnnapnjannona
crarncrnnxa rexnnxa nnjn je nn a nnmenensnonn npocrop,
e]nnncan xnacaa rponnx npnnora, cnee na ann poj nensnja xoje
n nno naxme nnrepnpernparn n onennrn yaenocr nnn cnnnnocr
nojennannnx rpoona y nonoonjeno npocropy (Baxter 1994, 2003,
Greenacre 2007, Shennan 2004). Anannso xopecnonennnje nsnojene cy
ne nensnje xoje ojamnanajy 62.3 opnrnnanne napnjannje.
Kon]nrypannja rpoona y ro npocropy npnxasana je na cnnnn (Cnnxa 1).
Cnnxa 1: Ipa]nx pesynrara anannse xopecnonennnje ca npne ne nensnje.
Yonnno je a npna nensnja jacno pasnaja ymxe n encxe rpoone,
a a ce ymxn "norpemno" opnjenrncann rpoonn (10, 79, 1221) nanase na
"encxo" xpajy nensnje 1, a encxn "norpemno" opnjenrncann rpoo-
nn (94, 95) ce nanase na "ymxo" xpajy nensnje 1, ox ce ymxn rpo
281 nanasn na "ymxo" xpajy nensnje 1. nensnjy 1 e]nnnmy xepa-
nnxe nocye, nrne n naxnr n yxpacn sa oehy.
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Lpocmopuo ouo.uso
Haxo je poj ,norpemno opnjenrncannx rpoona cynnme ann sa
cncneny crarncrnnxy anannsy, nnsyenna anannsa cnryannonor nnana
oxpnncxe nexponone cyrepnme oryhe opacne (Cnnxa 2).
Cnnxa 2: Cnryannonn nnan Moxpnncxe nexponone ca ynprann ymxn n encxn "norpe-
mno" opnjenrncann rpoonna. Ipo 88 je npnonrno onpeeen xao ymxn (Farkas
and Liptak, 1971), ann je naxnano anannso onpeeen xao encxn (Stefanovic 2006).
Ha nnany ce jacno nnn a ce ymxn "norpemno" opnjenrncann rpoo-
nn nanase y jyno, a "encxn" y cenepno eny nexponone.
MAPKO HOPHT
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176
ncxycnja
Y oxpnncxoj nonynannjn ycranoneno je a je nocrojana neoa jacna
noena paa xoja ce ornea y xnannrarnnnn n xnanrnrarnnnn pasnnxaa
y axrnnnocrn (Porcic and Stefanovic 2009, Stefanovic and Porcic
forthcoming). Hoena paa no nonnoj (ponoj) ocnonn je ynnnepsanna noja-
na y ycxn pymrnna (Brown 1970, Burton et al. 1977, Ember et al.
2007, Murdock and Provost 1973, Peterson 2002), a nnnennna a je e]exre
one noene paa nno oryhe erexronarn eroaa apxeonornje n ]nsnn-
xe anrpononornje (Porcic and Stefanovic 2009, Stefanovic and Porcic
forthcoming), oarno yxasyje na snanaj nonne noene paa y Moxpnny.
Hocarpane npo]nna axrnnnocrn rpoona 281 n 88 npeysero je ca
nejo a ce yrnpn a nn je nnrensnrer axrnnnocrn na npnnojna xoje je
nno oryhe nocarparn nnn encxn nnn ymxn renna. C osnpo
na ro a cy one nnnnnye y norpeno pnryany osnanene xao pyrannje,
nn anannse je no a ce yrnpn a nn je nonamane nnnnnye nno nn-
e ymxo nnn encxo opacny, rj. a nn xyn sa ocrynajyhn onoc
nona n poa (ocrynajyhn y onocy na nehnny rpoona na Moxpnny) nen
y enarno reny. pyrn penna, jena o xnnoresa nna je a cy one nn-
nnnye onn mro cy nnnnne n xaxo cy nnene, nsehy ocranor, xoncrpy-
ncane cnoj nenrnrer.
Yonmreno rneano, sa ony xnnoresy na eneenara cao y cnynajy y-
mxe nnnnnye ns rpoa 281. On je n no npocennoj epn crpeca, xao n no
nojennannn npnnojna nnn encxoj nonynannjn, ox sa encxy nn-
nnnyy, rpo 88, ro ne nan. Ko nnnnnye 88, cao je cxop na npnnojy
Oe. 21 ano nnmn y onocy na ocrane ene ns one crapocne rpyne. a-
xne, sa ymxapna ns rpoa 281 nocroje nnnnnje a cy nerone axrnnnocrn
nne nne encxn no ymxn, ox sa encxy nnnnnyy nea raxnnx
nnnnnja. Onaj yrncax nojanana nnnennna a ce pan o ymxapny ns naj-
crapnje crapocne rpyne, a noxasano je a ycne xyynarnnnor e]exra cra-
pnjn yn najy nspaennje npnnoje o nahnx (cf. al-Oumaoui et al.
2004, Porcic and Stefanovic 2009, Robb 1998, Weiss 2003, 2004, 2007).
Ocraje nepemeno nnrane a nn je nnnnnya ns rpoa 281 cnoj nenrnrer
"crexna" cnojo axrnnnomhy nnn nsrneo, nnn ce nonamana y cxnay ca
nenrnrero xojn joj je "npnnncan".
3annnno je a y ymxo eny oxpnncxe nonynannje, nocrojn ren-
ennnja a norpemno opnjenrncann ymxapnn npnnaajy najcrapnjoj xare-
ropnjn. Temxo je nporyannrn onaj nanas. Moa je ona npcra nenrnrera
nna ocrynna cao nomro nnnnnya ocrnrne opeheny crapocr. Ko
ena nnje nocrojano ono orpannnene, jep cy norpemno opnjenrncane ne
enojnnne, xao n ne opacne ocoe. Honono ce nocrana nnrane "crnna-
na" nnn "npnnncnnana" nenrnrera. nnn ce a je, y cnynajy encxnx nn-
"HOIPLLHO" OPHJLHTHCAHH IPOFOBH...
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nnnya neponarnnje nenrnrer na nexn nannn nnax npnnncan, naponnro
xaa ce pan o enojnnnaa (rpoonn 94, 95), jep je oryhe a y ro ron-
mry ponn nenrnrer nnje y nornynocrn nn ]opnpan (Bussey and
Bandura 1999). Taxohe, oryhe je a ce y cnynajy enojnnna nanpocro pan
n o norpemnoj nenrn]nxannjn nona o crpane anrpononora.
Anannsa npnnora orxpnna neoa sannnne pesynrare. Hpea crpyxry-
pn npnnora, one nnnnnye noxasyjy nnnepsnjy, xao n xaa je pen o opnjen-
rannjn. Onaj nanas ne ronopn nnmra nono y cncny enarnocrn canx nn-
nnnya, neh npecrana cnojenpcny peynanrnocr pona nnnepsnja
opnjenrannje je nononena n ca npnnosna. Hnax, one nnnepsnja nnje ca-
npmena, jep rpo poj 281 npnnaa ymxo xpajy cnexrpa.
Bnsyenno anannso oryhe je yonnrn opasan a cy cne encxe "no-
rpemno" opnjenrncane nnnnnye na cenepno eny nexponone, a cne y-
mxe na jyno, mro na cncna y xonrexcry onosnnnje oce cenep-jyr xoja
je n y pannjn anannsaa oxpnncxe nexponone yonena (O'Shea 1996). 3a-
nnnno je a cy ne "norpemno" opnjenrncane enojnnne (rpoonn 94,
95) neoa nncxe y npocropy. Ysopax je cynnme ann a n ce eoncrpn-
pana crarncrnnxa snanajnocr onor pesynrara, ann axo ce pasnma y xon-
rexcry npocropne n]epennnjannje nexponone na pooncxoj ocnonn, ona
n ce orno saxynnrn a ce ymxn norpemno opnjenrncane nnnnnye
xnacn]nxyjy y pasnnnnrn po (y cncny cpocrna) o encxn opnjenrnca-
nnx nnnnnya. Hnax, ona xnnoresa ce oe oannrn, jep je ana nepo-
narnoha a ce opehena npcra ocrynajyher ponor nenrnrera jana cao
y oxnnpy opehenor poa, a remxo n nno n ojacnnrn samro n jean
po npnxnarao cao opehen rnn ocrynana xao cnoj. Crora je neponarnn-
je, axo je onaj npocropnn opasan crnapan, a ne cnynajan, a nnnnnya n-
na caxpanena y jyno eny axo je ymxo a n ce oarnn narnacno nen
ocrynajyhn nenrnrer, a axo je encxo nna caxpanena y cenepno eny
ns ncror pasnora, jep je, cyehn npea nopn, cenepna crpana ymxa, a jy-
na encxa.
Tpea noenyrn n anrepnarnnno ojamnene npocropne ncrpnynnje
ocrynajyhnx rpoona. Axo je ranna npernocranena penarnnna xponono-
rnja Moxpnncxe nexponone xojy je npenonna Barnepona (Wagner 2005),
ona n pasnnxa nsehy ymxnx n encxnx ocrynajyhnx rpoona nna
xpononomxa, jep ce cxopo cnn ymxn ocrynajyhn rpoonn nanase y naj-
crapnje eny nexponone, ox ce cnn encxn nanase y enonna xojn npn-
naajy pyroj nnn rpehoj ]asn nexponone. Axo je ona penarnnna xponono-
mxa cxea ncnpanna, ona noenyra xnnoresa o npocropno narnamanany
nenrnrera ne crojn, ann ce ornapa sannnno nnrane samro y jenoj ]a-
sn nocroje cao ymxapnn xojn ocrynajy, a y pyroj cao ene?
MAPKO HOPHT
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178
3axynax
Ha ocnony onaxo anopojnnx noaraxa nnje oryhe nsnecrn nnpcr sa-
xynax. Hajosnnnjn nnnxarop nnnepronanor ponor nenrnrera jecre
opnjenrannja xoja je cynporna o nope. Mehyrn, nara xonneprennnja
nonomxnx n apxeonomxnx nnnxaropa npya ocnony sa saxynax a cy y
oxpnncxo pymrny nocrojann ponn nenrnrern xojn cy nnn y cynpor-
nocrn ca yonnajenn opacne onoca nona n poa.
Axo je n npocropnn opasan crnapan, a ne nocnenna cnynajnocrn nnn
nax xpononomxe pasnnxe, ona ce oe saxynnrn a cy n npnnannnn
oxpnncxor pymrna ynnhann onaj necxna n oarno ra narnacnnn. 3a-
npano, nocrojane nope ynpano yxasyje na ro a cy ]nsnnxe onnxe rena
xoje e]nnnmy non sa nonynannjy xoja je nna caxpanena y Moxpnny n-
ne neoa snanajne xaxo y npaxrnnno cncny (noena paa) (Stefanovic
and Porcic forthcoming), raxo n y cnonnnxo. Ocrynane o nope je
nno npenosnaro, ann ne n canxnnonncano. Lrannme, axo je nenrn]nxa-
nnja rpoona 94 n 95 ranna, oryhe je a je cao pymrno y opehenn
cnynajenna nocrnnano nnnepsnjy poa.
Ocrynane y norpeno pnryany, renepanno oe a ye nocnenna
ocrynajyher nonamana (o npocennor nnn oannor y aroj xynrypn) ro-
xo nnora, nnn neonnnnx oxonnocrn cprn (Binford 1972, Carr 1995,
Shay 1985). Y oxpnncxo cnynajy, axo cy saxynnn nsnpmennx anannsa
rannn, nnnn ce a cy nnorne oxonnocrn ocrynajyhnx nnnnnya ycnonn-
ne rperan y norpeno pnrycy. Ca cranonnmra reopnje poa, rpona opn-
jenrannja onnx nnnnnya ce ne oe carparn norpemno, na nax nn o-
crynajyho, jep je ona nna y cxnay ca ponn nenrnrero onnx ocoa,
axap xaa je pen nnnnnyn ns rpoa 281.
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Marko Porci c
Gender Ant hropol ogy of Prehi st ori c Popul at i ons:
The Case of "Improperl y" Ori ent ed Graves at t he Mokri n
Necropol i s
This paper explores some gender anthropology issues in a prehistoric con-
text. Specifically, the paper attempts to shed light on the question of why cer-
tain male and female persons were interred in positions contrary to the strict
norm that applied to the burial of men and women at the early Bronze Age
necropolis in the town of Mokrin near Kikinda. Three elements have been
analyzed, namely physical activities, funerary offerings, and the layout of the
necropolis. The analysis points to the conclusion that in the early Bronze Age
society of Mokrin inverted gender identities were to be found.
Key words: early Bronze Age, sex, gender, identity, musculoskeletal stress
markers, Mokrin
Marko Porci c
Ant hropol ogi e du genre des popul at i ons pr-hi st ori ques:
Le cas des t ombes "mal " ori ent es dans l a ncropol e de Mokri n
Ce travail traite les problmes du domaine de lanthropologie du genre
dans le contexte pr-historique. Plus concrtement, son objectif est dlucider
pourquoi certains individus de sexe masculin et de sexe fminin sont orients
contrairement la norme stricte valant pour les hommes et les femmes dans la
ncropole de lge du bronze ancien Mokrin prs de Kikinda. Lanalyse en-
globe trois domaines : les activits physiques, les divers objets funraires et la
structure spatiale de la ncropole. Lanalyse nous amne conclure que dans
la socit de Mokrin de lge du bronze ancien les identits de genre taient
inverses.
Mots-cls: lge du bronze ancien, sexe, genre, identit, marqueurs muscu-
lo-squelettiques du stress, Mokrin.