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PROVISIONAL REMEDIES (Rule 58)
R U L E 5 8PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
Section 1. Preliminary injunction defined; classes. - A preliminary injunction isan order granted at any stage of an action or proceeding prior to the judgment or final order, requiring a party or a court, agency or a person to refrain from a particular act or acts. It may also require the performance of a particular act or acts, in which case it shall be known as preliminary mandatory injunction.
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
– is an order granted at any stage of an action or proceeding prior to the judgment or final order, requiring a party or a court, agency or a person to refrain from a particular act or acts or to require the performance of a particular act or acts.- is sometimes called strong arm of equity.Q: What are the changes there?A: The word " final order" was not found in the 1964 Rules. And then, the new Rule says, you can issuea writ of preliminary injunction not only against a party but even to a court or agency.
TYPES OF INJUNCTION:
1.
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
2.
FINAL INJUNCTION2 TYPES OF PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION:
1.
PREVENTIVE PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
2.
MANDATORY PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
Q: What is a preventive preliminary injunction?A: A preventive preliminary injunction is one which requires a person to refrain from doing a particular act or acts.[The Ten Commandments is a preventive injunction. Huh! (“,)]Q: What is a mandatory preliminary injunction?A: A mandatory preliminary injunction is one which requires a person to perform a particular act or acts.Q: What is a FINAL INJUNCTION?A: A final injunction is one which is included in the judgment as the relief or part of the relief grantedas the result of the case. Final injunction is the one mentioned section 9 of this Rule --- tapos na angkaso.
Section 9: When final injunction granted. - If after the trial of the action it appears that the applicant is entitled to have the act or acts complained of permanently enjoined, thecourt shall grant a final injunction perpetually restraining the party or person enjoined from the commission or continuance of the act or acts or confirming the preliminary mandatory injunction.
That is not a provisional remedy. That is the main relief. So, the preliminary injunction becomes nowtotal and permanent.So, if I want to permanently stop you from doing an act I will have to file a case for injunction, which is amain action for injunction.And if I want to pray, while the case is going on that you should be also prevented from doing the same
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PROVISIONAL REMEDIES (Rule 58)
act---I have to apply for a writ of preliminary injunction. Kaya sa civil, it is worded this way: Civil case for injunction with writ of preliminary injunction. The injunction is the final injunction and the writ is theprovisional one. So the former is the main relief while the latter is the temporary relief.
Purpose of preliminary injunction
: To maintain the status quo between the parties in relation to thesubject matter. So, to maintain the status quo.
STATUS QUO
is the last peaceable and uncontested status of the parties which preceded the pendingcase from the controversy.Because status quo may be preceded like, the squatters entering your land, so nasa loob na sila. Soyou ask for preliminary injunction--- so status quo. Sabi ng mga squatters, “status quo--- we will remainin the land!”Of course, that is not the purpose. The purpose is to bring you out because the status quo is the lastpeaceable , uncontested status of the parties which precededthe pending action or prior to the case.Even in the labor case, magulo iyan eh, yong last peaceable and uncontested status. An example of injunction in Labor case, iyong assumption of jurisdiction by the Secretary of Labor. In which theSecretary of Labor assumes jurisdiction in cases of national interest.Ano iyon ? When there is a threatened strike --- injunction! And if there is already a strike, strike islifted and the employee must have to go back to work and the management will accept thoseemployees under the terms and conditions before the strike.
Section 2. Who may grant preliminary injunction. - A preliminary injunctionmay be granted by the court where the action or proceeding is pending. If theaction or proceeding is pending in the Court of Appeals or in the Supreme Court,it may be issued by said court or any member thereof.
Q: Who may grant a preliminary injunction?A: 1. The court where the case is pending.2.CA.3.SC.
EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE AUTHORITY (EPZA) vs. CHRApril 14, 1992FACTS:
When ordered to stop, the occupants of the export processing zone authorityin the EPZA land where the occupants filed a case in the CHR (Commission on HumanRights), the CHR issued a writ of injunction or restraining order against the supposedviolators of human rights to compel them to cease and desist from continuing the actscomplained of, and the authority of the CHR to issue an injunction was challenged.Does it have an authority ?And the CHR said, yes---because under the Constitution the principal function of theCHR is not merely limited in having investigation. It is mandated among others toprovide appropriate legal measures for the protection of the human rights of all personswithin the Philippines as well Filipino abroad. And to provide for preventive measuresand legal aid services to the under privileged whose human rights have been violated.
ISSUE
: Does the CHR have the power to issue a writ of injunction?
HELD
: The CHR is wrong because as earlier ruled in the case of 
CARIO VS. CHR
, theCHR is not a court of justice and it is not even a quasi-judicial body. The Constitutionalprovisions cited may not be construed to compel jurisdiction of the CHR to issuerestraining order or injunction because if that was the intention the Constitution wouldhave especially said so.
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PROVISIONAL REMEDIES (Rule 58)
Jurisdiction is conferred only by the Constitution and by the law and is never derived byimplication.Q: What is the meaning of the term preventive measures or legal measures which theCHR is allowed to provide under the Constitution?A: Evidently, that phrase refers to extra judicial and judicial remedies including apreliminary writ of injunction which the CHR has to seek from the proper courts onbehalf of the victims of human right violations. So, the CHR not being a court of justicehas no jurisdiction to issue the writ because under Section 2 of Rule 58,
"A writ of preliminary injunction may only be issued by a judge or justices of CA or SC."
Section 3. Grounds for issuance of preliminary injunction.-A preliminarinjunction may be granted when it is established:a)That the applicant is entitled to the relief demanded, and the whole part osuch relief consists in restraining the commission or continuance of the act or actscomplained of, or in requiring the performance of an act or acts either for a limited  period or perpetually;b)That the commission, continuance, or non-performance of the act or actscomplained of during the litigation would probably work in justice to the applicant;or c)That a party, court, agency, or a person is doing, threatening, or is attemptinto do, or is procuring or suffering to be done, some act or acts probably in violation of the rights of the applicant respecting the subject of the action or proceeding, and tending to render the judgment ineffectual. (3a)
This Section has some minor changes.Q: Ano ang changes ?A: They added the word: non-performance. That is why they emphasized the essence of mandatory, eh!So, f there is preliminary preventive, there is also, preliminary mandatory.Q: What is the area of enforceability of a writ of injunction?A: Go back to the Interim Rules, Section 3-A. If the writ of preliminary injunction is issued by the SCand CA, there is no problem. That is enforceable throughout the country.Q: What about an injunction issued by the RTC?A: It cannot be enforced outside the region where such RTC is located.Well, there is ONE EXCEPTION. That is in the case of 
EMBASSY FARMS, INC vs. CA, 188 SCRA492
reiterating the earlier case of 
DAGUPAN ELECTRIC CORP. vs. PAO, 95 SCRA 693
.And here is the best example:A corporation has extensive agricultural operation for example in Mindanao. But the head office is inMakati. The management of the company in Makati arrives at a decision regarding certain operations of their business in Mindanao. and the aggrieved party files a case in the RTC of Makati and sought theissuance of a writ of preliminary injunction against the corporation.And the Makati court issued a writ of injunction where the act sought to be enjoined is not in Makati butin Mindanao.Q: Is the issuance of the writ of injunction of the Makati court proper?A: And the court said, YES! While it is true that the act to be restrained is going to be done in
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