Management Theory & Practice

M.Com-I

What is Organization:
A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
Traditional Org:
Stable Inflexible Job focused Work defined by job / positions Permanent Jobs Command oriented Mgrs make decisions Rule oriented Homogenous workforce Timings 9 to 5 work at organization , specific hrs

New Org
Dynamic Flexible Skill Focused wrk defined for tasks Temporary Jobs Involvement oriented Employees participate in DM Customer Oriented Heterogeneous Workforce no time limits Work any time, anywhere

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Mgmt Theory & Prac - Chap- I

Manager:
An organizational member who integrates(assimilate) and coordinates the work of others.

Types of Managers:
First Line Managers: e.g Supervisors, the lowest level of management Middle Managers: e.g All level of Management between the supervisory level and top level of the organization Top Managers: e.g Managers making organization-wide decisions, establishing policies & strategies
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Management: The process of coordinating & integrating

work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.

Efficiency:
The relationship between inputs & outputs, the goal of which is to minimize resource costs.

Effectiveness:
goal attainment by doing the right things. e.g universities are efficient by using computer assisted learning, large lecture classes BUT are the students educated properly ?
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Management Process:
The set of ongoing decisions and actions in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead and control

Functions of Management:
Planning : Define goals, establishing strategy and developing plans
to coordinate activities Organizing Determining what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who is to do it Leading Directing & Motivating all involved parties and resolving conflicts. Controlling Monitoring activities to ensure that they are accomplished as planned.

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Roles of Management:
Interpersonal Role:

1- Figurehead ( greeting visitors, signing legal documents ) 2- Leader( performing virtually all activities that involve subordinates
3- Liaison(acknowledging mail, doing external board work) Informational 1- Monitor: ( maintain personal contacts, read reports) 2- Disseminator: ( holding meetings, making info calls) 3- Spokesperson: ( Holding board meetings, info to media ) Decisional 1- Entrepreneur organizing strategy and review session for new programs 2- Disturbance Handler organizing strategy and review sessions that involve disturbance 3- Resource AllocationScheduling, budgeting , job desc etc. 4- Negotiator union Contracts / conflict resolutions.
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Contingency Approach: An approach that the

organization recognizes and responds to situational variables as they arise.

Contingency Variables : 1- organization Size no of employees 50,000 as compared to 50 2- Routine ness of Task Technology: this requires leaderships styles , org structure and control system diff from non routine technologies. 3- Environmental Uncertainty: caused by political, technological, economic changes influence management process. 4- Individual Differences: indv needs are important when managers select motivation techniques, leadership styles and job designs.
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Quantative Approach: The use of quantative techniques

to improve decision making.

This includes : Application of statistics; Optimization Models; Information Models; Computer Simulations. e.g Linear Programming is used to improve resource allocation decisions

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