TAMUCALC 7.

2 Command Reference
COPYRIGHT c _2012 by Art Belmonte
Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University
Sunday, 01 July 2012
1. See http://calclab.math.tamu.edu/~belmonte/TAMUCALC/TAMUCALC.html for instructions on downloading and installing the
TAMUCALC package, refreshing libraries, and using preactivated templates.
2. Use preactivated templates for fast easy access to package commands.
3. For help, type h. in a template calculator app, then select sitemap or TAMUCALC.
ANGVEC
Description The angvec function computes the exact angle between two vectors using the current angle mode.
Access v.angvec library shortcut in the vectors group
Syntax v.angvec(v, w)
Input v: a vector having two or more components
w: a vector with the same number of components as v
Output the exact angle = cos
1
_
v w
|v||w|
_
between v and w in the current angle mode
Examples v.angvec([3, 1, 1] , [1, 1, 2]) returns

2
in RADIAN mode.
v.angvec([3, 1, 1] , [1, 1, 2])DD returns 90

.
See Also DD in TI-Nspire CAS documentation
CA
Description The ca function computes the acceleration of a position curve.
Access p.ca library shortcut in the primes group
Syntax p.ca(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the expression for acceleration, a =g
//
Example p.ca(
_
t, 2t
2
, 3t
3

, t) returns
_
0 4 18t

.
See Also CS, CV
1
CAN
Description The can function computes the normal component of acceleration of a position curve.
Access p.can library shortcut in the primes group
Syntax p.can(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the expression for the normal component of acceleration, a
N
=|T
/
||g
/
|, where T =
g
/
|g
/
|
Example p.can(
_
t, 2t, t
2

, t) returns
2

4t
2
+5
.
See Also CA, CAT
CAT
Description The cat function computes the tangential component of acceleration of a position curve.
Access p.cat library shortcut in the primes group
Syntax p.cat(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the expression for the tangential component of acceleration, a
T
=
g
/
g
//
|g
/
|
Example p.cat(
_
t, 2t, t
2

, t) returns
4t

4t
2
+5
.
See Also CA, CAN
CAVP
Description The cavp function computes position from acceleration or velocity.
Access p.cavp library shortcut in the primes group
Syntax p.cavp(t
0
,d,i )
Input t
0
: initial time value
d: acceleration or velocity
i : initial position/velocity vector(s) in row(s)
Output the expression for the position at time t
Examples p.cavp(0,
_
2, 4cos(2t), 9e
3t

,
_
4 5 1
0 0 5
_
) returns
_
t
2
+4 6cos(2t) e
3t
8t

,
as does p.cavp(0,
_
2t, 2sin(2t), 3e
3t
8

, [4, 5, 1]).
See Also CA, CV
2
CB
Description The cb function computes the unit binormal vector to a position curve.
Access c.cb library shortcut in the curves group
Syntax c.cb(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the unit binormal vector B =
g
/
g
//
|g
/
g
//
|
to the curve
Example c.cb([cos(t), sin(t), t] , t) returns
_
2 sint
2

2 cost
2

2
2
_
.
See Also CN, CT
CK
Description The ck function computes the curvature of a position curve.
Access c.ck library shortcut in the curves group
Syntax c.ck(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the curvature =
|T
/
|
|g
/
|
of the curve, where T =
g
/
|g
/
|
Example c.ck(
_
t, 2t, t
2

, t) returns
2

5
(4t
2
+5)
3/2
.
See Also CTAU
CL
Description The cl function computes the arc length of a position curve.
Access c.cl library shortcut in the curves group
Syntax c.cl(g, t, a, b)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
a: lower bound of t-range
b: upper bound of t-range
Output The arc length
_
b
a
_
_
g
/
_
_
dt of the curve
Example c.cl(
_
t, 2t, t
2

, t, 0, 1) returns
5
8
ln5+
3
2
2.51.
See Also CK, CTAU
3
CLINE2PT
Description The cline2pt function nds Cartesian equation(s) of the line between two points in the xy-plane.
Access g.cline2pt library shortcut in the geometry group
Syntax g.cline2pt(a, b)
Input a: a point on the line (as a position vector)
b: a different point on the line (as a position vector)
Output Cartesian equation(s) of the line
Examples g.cline2pt([5, 2] , [8, 2]) returns y = 2.
g.cline2pt([3, 6] , [3, 4]) returns x = 3.
g.cline2pt([2, 3] , [1, 1]) returns
_
x =
1
2
y +
1
2
y = 2x 1
_
.
See Also LINPTDIR, PLINE2PT
CN
Description The cn function computes the unit normal vector to a position curve.
Access c.cn library shortcut in the curves group
Syntax c.cn(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the unit normal vector N =
T
/
|T
/
|
to the curve, where T =
g
/
|g
/
|
Example c.cn([cos(t), sin(t), t] , t) returns
_
cost sint 0

.
See Also CB, CT
COMP
Description The comp function computes the scalar projection of one vector onto another.
Access v.comp library shortcut in the vectors group
Syntax v.comp(v, w)
Input v: a vector having two or more components
w: a vector with the same number of components as v
Output The scalar projection comp
v
w =
v w
|v|
of the vector w onto the vector v
Example v.comp([6, 1, 2] , [0, 4, 7]) returns
10

41
41
1.56.
See Also ORTH, PROJ
4
COMPZ
Description The compz function yields the composition of two functions.
Access i.compz library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.compz(f, g)
Input f : an expression (in x or x, y or x, y, z) that signies the outer function
g: a row vector signiying values to be substituted for x, y or x, y, z; or a scalar expression to be substituted for x
Output The composition f (g)
Examples x
3
y
2
z f :
_
2t +3, t
2
1, t
3

g: i.compz(f ,g) returns (2t +3)

3
_
t
2
1
_
2
t
3
.
_
sin(x y z), x
2
y, z
2
e
x/5

w: [u, cos(v), 2sin(v)] s: i.compos(w,s) returns

_
sin(2usinvcosv) u
2
cosv 4e
u/5
sin
2
v

.

x f : 2t +1 g: i.compz(f ,g) returns

2t +1.
See Also | (the substitution facility) in TI-Nspire CAS documentation
CS
Description The cs function computes the speed of a position curve.
Access p.cs library shortcut in the primes group
Syntax p.cs(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the expression for speed, |g
/
|, the magnitude of velocity
Example p.cs(
_
t, 2t
2
, 3t
3

, t) returns

81t
4
+16t
2
+1.
See Also CA, CV
CT
Description The ct function computes the unit tangent vector to a position curve.
Access c.ct library shortcut in the curves group
Syntax c.ct(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the unit tangent vector T =
g
/
|g
/
|
to the curve
Example c.ct([cos(t), sin(t), t] , t) returns
_

2sint
2

2cost
2

2
2
_
.
See Also CB, CN
5
CTAU
Description The ctau function computes the torsion of a position curve.
Access c.ctau library shortcut in the curves group
Syntax c.ctau(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the torsion =
(g
/
g
//
) g
///
|g
/
g
//
|
2
of the curve
Example c.ctau(
_
sin(4t), 6t
2
, cos(4t)

, t) returns
48t
144t
2
+25
.
See Also CK
CURL
Description The curl function computes the curl (rotational) of a vector eld.
Access f.curl library shortcut in the vector and matrix derivatives group
Syntax f.curl(w)
Input w: A vector eld having 3 components
Output the curl,

w = det
_
_
i j k
/x /y /z
p q r
_
_
, of the vector eld w= [p, q, r]
Example f.curl(
_
x
2
y, yz
2
, x
2
z

) returns
_
2yz 2xz x
2

.
See Also DIV, LAPL
CV
Description The cv function computes the velocity of a position curve.
Access p.cv library shortcut in the primes group
Syntax p.cv(g, t)
Input g: position vector expression
t: independent variable (time)
Output the expression for velocity, v =g
/
Example p.cv(
_
t, 2t
2
, 3t
3

, t) returns
_
1 4t 9t
2

.
See Also CA, CS
6
CV2P
Description The cv2p program converts a vector expression into a parametric 3-D surface/curve specication.
Access m.cv2p library shortcut in the miscellaneous group
Syntax m.cv2p(n,v)
Input n: parametric 3-D function number
v: vector expression with three components (for x, y, z)
Output a summary of the parametric 3-D functions created
Examples m.cv2p(1, [4sinucost, 4sinucost, 4cosu]) species a 3-D parametric surface by storing the respective vector
components into xp1, yp1, zp1 (all functions of t and u).
m.cv2p(2, [3cost, 3cost, 5t]) species a 3-D parametric curve by storing the respective vector components into
xp2, yp2, zp2 (all functions of t and u, even though u is not used).
DIFF
Description The diff function computes a rst or higher order derivative inline.
Access d.diff library shortcut in the derivatives group
Syntax d.diff(f, v)
Input f : a scalar, vector, or matrix expression expression in v
v: variable(s) with respect to which to (sequentially) differentiate
Output the derivative of f with respect to the given variable(s)
Examples d.diff(x
5
, x) returns
d
dx
_
x
5
_
= 5x
4
.
d.diff(
_
x
4
, x
6
, x
8

, x) returns
d
dx
__
x
4
, x
6
, x
8
_
=
_
4x
3
6x
5
8x
7

.
d.diff(e
5x
ln
_
y
2
+9
_
, [x, y]) returns

2
yx
_
e
5x
ln
_
y
2
+9
__
=
10e
5x
y
y
2
+9
.
d.diff(
_
sin(3x), x
7
, e
4x

, [x, x]) returns

d
2
dx
2
__
sin(3x), x
7
, e
4x
_
=
_
9sin3x 42x
5
16e
4x

.
See Also INTG [to compute denite integrals]
DIRD
Description The dird function computes a directional derivative at a point in a specied unit direction
Access d.dird library shortcut in the derivatives group
Syntax d.diff(f, p, v)
Input f : a scalar expression
p: a point in the xy-plane or xyz-space as a position vector
v: a direction vector
Output the directional derivative, D
v
f (P) =

f (P) v, where v is the unit vector in the direction of v
Examples d.dird(x tan(y), [2, /4] , [4, 3]) returns
16
5
= 3.2.
d.dird(x tan
1
(y z), [4, 1, 1] , [1, 2, 1]) returns

6
24
+

6
3
1.14.
See Also DOTP, GRAD, UNITV
7
DIV
Description The div function computes the divergence of a vector eld.
Access f.div library shortcut in the vector and matrix derivatives group
Syntax f.div(w)
Input w: a vector eld with three components
Output the divergence,

w =
p
x
+
q
y
+
r
z
, of the vector eld w = [p, q, r]
Example f.div(
_
x
2
y, yz
2
, x
2
z

) returns x
2
+2xy +z
2
.
See Also CURL, LAPL
DPT
Description The dpt function computes the distance from a point to a line or plane.
Access d.dpt library shortcut in the derivatives / distance group
Syntax d.dpt(m)
Input m: matrix of position row vectors; point off the line/plane followed by two points on line or three (noncollinear) points
on plane
Output the distance d from the point to the line or plane, given by:
for line: d =|orth
v
w|, where v =

AB and w =

AP, with P off line and A and B on line

for plane: d =|proj
v
w| =[comp
v
w[, where v =

AB

AC and w =

AP, with P off plane and A, B, C on plane

Example d.dpt(
_
_
1 0 1
5 0 1
4 3 3
_
_
) returns 2

5 4.47.
d.dpt(
_

_
3 2 7
1 0 1
2 1 3
1 2 13
_

_
) returns
26

53
53
3.57.
See Also COMP, ORTH, PROJ
EQUATE
Description The equate function constructs simultaneous equations from the respective components of two vectors.
Access f.equate library shortcut in the vector and matrix derivatives group
Syntax f.equate(v, w)
Input v: a vector
w: another vector with the same number of components as v.
Output simultaneous equations joined with ands; possibly simplied
Example f.equate([x, y, z] , [3cos(t), 2sin(t), 5t]) returns x = 3cos(t) and y = 2sin(t) and z = 5t.
See Also [ (with) in the TI-Nspire CAS documentation
8
FTLI
Description The ftli function computes the line integral of a conservative vector eld w by applying the Fundamental Theorem for
Line Integrals.
Access i.ftli library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.ftli(f , g, t, a, b)
Input f : a scalar expression in x, y or x, y, z that represents a potential function for the conservative vector eld w
g: a vector expression that represents a parameterization for the curve C
t: the variable of integration (typically t)
a: lower bound of the variable of integration in the line integral
b: upper bound of the variable of integration in the line integral
Output The value of the line integral,
_
w dg =
_
C

f dg = f (g(b)) f (g(a)).
Example i.pot(
_
4xe
z
, cos(y), 2x
2
e
z

, 3)f yields 2x
2
e
z
+siny.
Then
_
t, t
2
, t
4

g: i.ftli(f , g, t, 0, 1) returns 2e +sin1 6.28.

See Also POT
GRAD
Description The grad function computes the gradient vector of a scalar function.
Access f.grad library shortcut in the vector and matrix derivatives group
Syntax f.grad(f, v)
Input f : A scalar expression
v: a row vector of independent variables; or 2 for [x, y]; or 3 for [x, y, z]
Output The gradient vector

f =
_
f
x
1
f
x
2

f
x
n
_
; typically
_
f
x
f
y
_
or
_
f
x
f
y
f
z
_
.
Example f.grad(x
2
sin(y) +4xz
3
, [x, y, z]) returns
_
2xsiny +4z
3
x
2
cosy 12xz
2

, as does f.grad(x
2
sin(y) +4xz
3
, 3).
See Also HESS
GRADMAG
Description The gradmag function computes gradient of a scalar function at a point and its magnitude
Access d.gradmag library shortcut in the derivatives group
Syntax d.gradmag(f, p)
Input f : a scalar expression
p: a point in the xy-plane or xyz-space as a position vector
Output the gradient of f at P,

f (P), and its magnitude
_
_
_

f (P)
_
_
_.
Examples d.gradmag(x tan(y), [2, /4]) returns [1, 4] and

17 4.12 in a structure.
d.gradmag(x tan
1
(y z), [4, 1, 1]) returns
_

4
, 2, 2

and

2
+128
4
2.94.
See Also DOTP, GRAD, UNITV
9
HESS
Description The hess function computes the Hessian matrix of a scalar function.
Access f.hess library shortcut in the vector and matrix derivatives group
Syntax f.hess(f, v)
Input f : a scalar expression
v: A row vector of independent variables; or 2 for [x, y]; or 3 for [x, y, z]
Output the Hessian matrix H =
_

_
f
x
1
x
1
f
x
1
x
n
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
f
x
n
x
1
f
x
n
x
n
_

_; typically H =
_
f
xx
f
xy
f
yx
f
yy
_
.
Example f.hess(x
3
+4x y y
2
, [x, y]) returns
_
6x 4
4 2
_
, as does f.hess(x
3
+4x y y
2
, 2).
See Also GRAD, LPMD
HVSD
Description The hvsd program implements graphing of an explicit 3-D surface over a horizontally or vertically simple region (which need not be
rectangular).
Access m.hvsd library shortcut in the miscellaneous group
Syntax m.hvsd(#, eq, inner_range, outer_range)
Input #: the number corresponding to parametric functions xp#, yp#, zp# that will be dened
eq: one of the variables x, y, z set equal to an expression in terms of the other two (independent) variables
inner_range: a list or vector specifying one of the independent variables (the inner) followed by lesser and greater expressions
(curves/lines) in terms of the other independent variable (the outer) between which this inner variable lies
outer_range: a list or vector specifying the outer independent variable followed by lesser and greater constants between which this
outer variable lies
Output Various parametric functions in terms of t and u are dened for subsequent parametric 3-D graphing. The ranges for t and u are also
displayed.
Example m.hvsd(1, z = sin
_
y +
1
8
x
2
_
,
_
x, y, 2y
2
_
, y, 1, 2) parametrically denes xp1, yp1, zp1 in terms of t and u and displays the
ranges 1 t 2 and 0 u 1. (The range for u is always 0 to 1.) The surface may then be graphed parametrically.
Note The hvsd routine may also be used to ll a horizonally or vertically simple region by selecting the 3-D viewing orientation that is
perpendicular to the plane of the region. In the example given, view along the z-axis by pressing the z-key. In effect, one can precisely
shade the region between two curves in a plane.
INTGsingle integral
Description The intg function can compute the single integral
_
b
a
f (x) dx in an inline fashion.
Access i.intg library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.intg(r, f, s)
Input r: a row vector of the lower and upper limits of integration, respectively
f : integrand: a scalar, vector, or matrix expression
s: the variable of integration
Output the denite integral
_
b
a
f (x) dx
Examples i.intg([0, 2], x
2
+1, x) returns
_
2
0
x
2
+1dx =
14
3
4.67.
i.intg([a, b],
_
x, x
2
, x
3

, x) returns
_
b
a
_
x, x
2
, x
3
_
dx =
_
b
2
a
2
2
b
3
a
3
3
b
4
a
4
4
_
.
Notes The command can also compute double or triple integrals in an inline fashion, q.v.
The natural order in which parameters are entered matches that of an integral template.
10
INTGdouble integral
Description The intg function can compute the double integral
_
b
a
_
h
g
f (u, v) dudv in an inline fashion.
Access i.intg library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.intg(r, f, s)
Input r: a row vector of lower and upper limits of integration, respectively, from outer to inner
f : integrand: a scalar, vector, or matrix expression
s: a row vector of the variables of integration, from inner to outer
Output the denite integral
_
b
a
_
h
g
f (u, v) dudv
Examples i.intg([0, 1, 0, 22x], x
2
+y
2
, [y, x]) returns
_
1
0
_
22x
0
x
2
+y
2
dydx =
5
6
0.83.
1
5/6
i.intg([0, 1, 0, 22x],
_
x
2
+y
2
_
[x, y], [y, x]) returns
_
7
25
26
25
_
=
_
0.28 1.04

.
Note The command can also compute single or triple integrals in an inline fashion, q.v.
The natural order in which parameters are entered matches that of a nested integral template.
INTGtriple integral
Description The intg function can compute the triple integral
_
b
a
_
h
g
_
q
p
f (u, v, w) dudvdw in an inline fashion.
Access i.intg library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.intg(r, f, s)
Input r: a row vector of lower and upper limits of integration, respectively, from outermost to innermost
f : integrand: a scalar, vector, or matrix expression
s: a row vector of the variables of integration, from innermost to outermost
Output the denite integral
_
b
a
_
h
g
_
q
p
f (u, v, w) dudvdw
Examples i.intg(
_

2
,

2
, 0, , 0, 2

, ( sin()sin())
2

2
sin(), [, , ]) returns
_
/2
/2
_

0
_
2
0
( sin()sin())
2

2
sin() d d d =
64
9
22.34.
1
24
i.intg([0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2], [x, y, z], [x, z, y]) returns
1
24
_
3
0
_
4
0
_
2
0
[x, y, z] dxdydz =
_
1,
3
2
, 2

.
Note The command can also compute single or double integrals in an inline fashion, q.v.
The natural order in which parameters are entered matches that of a nested integral template.
11
INTGS
Description The intgs program shows the steps involved when computing denite integrals.
Access m.intgs library shortcut in the miscellaneous group
Syntax m.intgs(r, f, s)
Input Input data is identical to that of intg when computing exact denite integrals, q.v.
Output Steps of the integration including exact and approximate answers at the end
Examples Try the intg examples for single, double, and triple integrals.
See Also intg [to compute integrals without showing the steps]
INTGsingle sums
Description The intg function can compute approximations to the single integral
_
b
a
f (x)dx using ve different methods:
left endpoint approximation, right endpoint approximation, Trapezoidal Rule, Midpoint Rule, and Simpsons Rule.
Access i.intg library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.intg(r, f, s)
Input r: a row vector of the lower and upper limits of integration, respectively
f : integrand: a formulaic expression in the case of continuous data or a row vector of function values in the case of
discrete data
s: a row vector containing the variable of integration followed by the number of subintervals used in approxmations
Output Numerical approximations to
_
b
a
f (x) dx are returned. Refer to a calculus textbook for formulas.
Examples Consider
_
3
2
1
x
dx = ln
3
2
0.405465. The command i.intg([2, 3], 1/x, [x, 10]) returns the following approximations.
left right trap mid simp
0.413914 0.397247 0.405581 0.405407 0.405465
Similarly, consider
_
4
0
f (x) dx where f is given by discrete values in a vector as follows.
DelVar f: [0, 1, 3, 4.5, 5, 4.5, 3, 2, 1]f
Then the command i.intg([0, 4], f , [x, n]) returns the following approximations. The routine in this case automatically
computes n to be one fewer than the number of elements in the vector f ; in other words, the number of equal-length
subintervals of [a, b] determined by the data. For the Midpoint Rule, n/2 subintervals are used.
left right trap mid simp
11.5 12 11.75 12 11.833333
See Also (Control-Enter) in the case of a formulaic expression for f to compute a very accurate approximation to the integral
when using an integral template
Notes The number of subintervals n must be a positive even integer in the case of Simpsons Rule and for the Midpoint
Rule when discrete data is specied.
If f is given by a formula, then n may be symbolic (except for Simpsons Rule).
The natural order in which parameters are entered matches that of an integral template.
12
INTGdouble sums
Description The intg function can compute approximations to the double integral
_
d
c
_
b
a
f (x, y) dxdy using ve different methods.
Function values are respectively sampled at the following points of each subrectangle of the partition of integration:
top left, top right, middle (center), bottom left, and bottom right.
TL TR
MD
BL BR
Access i.intg library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.intg(r, f, s)
Input r: a row vector of lower and upper limits of integration, respectively, from outer to inner
f : integrand: a scalar expression
s: a row vector of the variables of integration, from inner to outer, followed by the number of subintervals for each
variable used in approximations
Output Numerical approximations to
_
d
c
_
b
a
f (x, y) dxdy are returned, each having the form hk
m

i=1
n

j=1
f (x
i
, y
j
). Here
h =
ba
m
and k =
d c
n
with (x
i
, y
j
) being one of the ve aforementioned points in subrectangles of the partition.
Examples Consider
_
1
3/4
_
1/2
0
e
x+y
dxdy = e
3/2
e
5/4
e +e
3/4
0.390064. The command i.intg(
_
3
4
, 1, 0,
1
2

, e
x+y
, [x, y, 4, 8])
returns the following approximations.
0.371945 0.421468
0.389795
0.360501 0.408501
See Also (Control-Enter) to rapidly compute a very accurate approximation to the integral when using an integral template
Notes Make certain that the variables of integration are in alphabetical order! That is, the inner variable should come before
the outer variable in the alphabet(s). Be apprised that Roman letters come before Greek letters in the collating sequence
order. Hence put r before . Similarly, put before .
The natural order in which parameters are entered matches that of an integral template.
13
INTGtriple sum
Description The intg function can compute an approximation to the triple integral
_
s
r
_
d
c
_
b
a
f (x, y, z) dxdydz
using the middle (center) points of each subbox in the partition for function evaluation.
Access i.intg library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.intg(r, f, s)
Input r: a row vector of lower and upper limits of integration, respectively, from outermost to innermost
f : integrand: a scalar expression
s: a row vector of the variables of integration, from innermost to outermost, followed by the number of subintervals for
each variable used in approximations
Output The approximation returned is
l

i=1
m

j=1
n

k=1
f (x
i
, y
j
, z
k
)xyz, where
x
i
= a+
_
i
1
2
_
h
1
and h
1
=x =
ba
l
,
y
j
= c +
_
j
1
2
_
h
2
and h
2
=y =
d c
m
,
z
k
= r +
_
k
1
2
_
h
3
and h
3
=z =
s r
n
.
Example Consider
_
1
0
_
1
0
_
1
0
e
x
3
+y
3
+z
3
dxdydz 2.416377. The command
i.intg([0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1], e
x
3
+y
3
+z
3
, [x, y, z, 4, 4, 4]) returns 2.308752.
See Also (Control-Enter) to rapidly compute a very accurate approximation to the integral when using an integral template
Notes Make certain that the variables of integration are in alphabetical order! That is, an inner variable should come before an
outer variable in the alphabet(s). Be apprised that Roman letters come before Greek letters in the collating sequence
order. Hence put r before z before . Similarly, put before before .
The natural order in which parameters are entered matches that of an integral template.
JMATRIX
Description The jmatrix function computes the Jacobian matrix of a transformation.
Access d.jmatrix library shortcut in the derivatives group
Syntax d.jmatrix(T, v)
Input T: a vector of expressions giving old variables x
1
, . . . , x
n
in terms of new ones u
1
, . . . , u
n
;
i.e., [x
1
(u
1
, . . . , u
n
), . . . , x
n
(u
1
, . . . , u
n
)]
v: a vector of new variables, [u
1
, . . . u
n
]
Output The Jacobian matrix J =
_

_
x
1
/u
1
x
1
/u
n
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
x
n
/u
1
x
n
/u
n
_

_
Example d.jmatrix([r cos(), r sin()], [r, ]) returns
_
cos r sin
sin r cos
_
.
See Also DET in TI-Nspire CAS documentation
14
LAPL
Description The lapl function computes the Laplacian of a scalar eld.
Access d.lapl library shortcut in the derivatives group
Syntax d.lapl(f, v)
Input f : a scalar eld
v: A row vector of independent variables; or 2 for [x, y]; or 3 for [x, y, z]
Output the Laplacian
2
f =
n

k=1

2
f
x
2
k
of the scalar eld f ; typically,

2
f
x
2
+

2
f
y
2
or

2
f
x
2
+

2
f
y
2
+

2
f
z
2
Example d.lapl(sin(x)cosh(y) +cos(x)sinh(y), [x, y]) returns 0, as does d.lapl(sin(x)cosh(y) +cos(x)sinh(y), 2).
See Also CURL, DIV
LMR
Description The lmr function converts equations to expressions set to zero.
Access m.lmr library shortcut in the miscellaneous group
Syntax m.lmr(q)
Input An equation or a matrix or list of equations
Output A row vector of expression(s) understood to be set to zero(s)
Example The command m.lmr(
_
2 = 2x 1 = 8y x
2
+4y
2
1 = 0

) returns
_
22x 18y x +4y
2
1

.
Notes Each expression is obtained by taking the left-hand side of an equation and subtracting its right-hand side. The name
lmr stands for left minus right.
LPMD
Description The LPMD function computes the leading principal minor determinants of a Hessian matrix.
Access f.lpmd library shortcut in the vector and matrix derivatives group
Syntax f.lpmd(H)
Input H: a symbolic or numerical Hessian matrix
Output a vector of the leading principal minor determinants of the input matrix H; i.e., the determinants of the upper left square
submatrices of H: [H
11
[,

H
11
H
12
H
21
H
22

, etc.
Example f.hess(x
3
+4x y y
2
, [x, y]) returns
_
6x 4
4 2
_
.
Then f.lpmd(Ans) yields
_
6x 12x 16

.
See Also HESS
15
LSIline integral of a scalar eld along a curve
Description The lsi function can compute the line integral of a scalar eld along a curve C with respect to arc length.
Access i.lsi library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.lsi([a, b], f, g, t)
Input a: lower bound of the variable of integration in the line integral
b: upper bound of the variable of integration in the line integral
f : an expression in x, y or x, y, z representing the scalar eld
g: a row vector that represents the parameterization of the curve C
t: the variable of integration (typically t)
Output the line integral
_
C
f ds =
_
b
a
f (g(t))
_
_
g
/
(t)
_
_
dt
Example 7+x
2
+y
4
f : [2cos(t), 2sin(t)] g:
i.lsi([0, /4], f , g, t) returns
3
2
(5 4) 17.56.
LSIline integral of a vector eld along a curve
Description The lsi function can compute the line integral of a vector eld along a curve C.
Access i.lsi library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.lsi([a, b], w, g, t)
Input a: lower bound of the variable of integration in the line integral
b: upper bound of the variable of integration in the line integral
w: a row vector in x, y or x, y, z representing the vector eld
g: a row vector that represents the parameterization of the curve C
t: the variable of integration (typically t)
Output the line integral
_
C
w dg =
_
b
a
w(g(t)) g
/
(t)dt
Example
_
x y, 4z x, x
2
z

w:
_
3t
2
8, 4t
3
, 6t +7

g:
i.lsi([1, 1], w, g, t) returns
30804
7
4400.57.
16
LSIsurface integral of a scalar eld
Description The lsi function can compute the surface integral of a scalar eld for a parametric surface.
Access i.lsi library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.lsi( [a,b,g,h], f, s, [u,v] )
Input a: lower limit of the outer variable
b: upper limit of the outer variable
g: lower limit of the inner variable
h: upper limit of the inner variable
f : an expression that represents the scalar eld
s: a row vector giving a parameterization of the surface in terms of the variables of integration
u: inner variable of integration
v: outer variable of integration
Output the surface integral
__
S
f dS =
_
b
a
_
h
g
f (s(u, v))|s
u
s
v
| dudv
Example 7+x
2
+y
2
f :
_
r cos(), r sin(), 364r
2

s:
i.lsi( [0, 2, 0, 3], f , s, [r, ] ) returns
(381397

577373)
5120
5621.18.
LSIsurface integral of a vector eld
Description The lsi function can compute the surface integral of a vector eld for a parametric surface.
Access i.lsi library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.lsi([a,b,g,h], w, s, [u,v] )
Input a: lower limit of the outer variable
b: upper limit of the outer variable
g: lower limit of the inner variable
h: upper limit of the inner variable
w: an expression that represents the vector eld
s: a row vector giving a parameterization of the surface in terms of the variables of integration
u: inner variable of integration
v: outer variable of integration
Output The surface integral
__
S
w dS =
_
b
a
_
h
g
w(s(u, v)) (s
u
s
v
) dudv
Example
_
e
y
, ye
x
, x
2
y

w:
_
x, y, x
2
+y
2

s:
i.lsi([0, 1, 0, 1], w, s, [x, y] ) returns
11
6

5e
3
2.70.
See Also ORIENT
Notes If the parameterization of s(u, v) is such that the normal to the surface, s
u
s
v
, has the opposite orientation to the one
desired, simply negate the lsi command. In other words, specify -i.lsi(...). The normal vector is determined by the
order of the variables of integration in the command. In the example, the normal vector for the parameterization is
s
x
s
y
= [2x, 2y, 1], which gives an upward pointing normal since the k-component is positive. This may be
quickly computed by using orient, q.v.
17
ORIENT
Description The orient function computes a normal vector that is perpendicular to an orientable surface.
Access i.orient library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.orient(s, u, v)
Input s: a row vector expression in u and v having three components that represent the x-, y-, and z-coordinates of an
orientable parametric surface
u,v: the parameters in the surface representation
Output a 33 matrix whose rows are
s
u
,
s
v
, and the cross product
s
u

s
v
(which is perpendicular to the orientable
surface), respectively
Examples
_
x, y, x
2
+y
2

s: i.orient(s, x, y) returns
_
_
1 0 2x
0 1 2y
2x 2y 1
_
_
, from which the cross product
_
2x 2y 1

,
signifying an upward pointing normal vector to the surface, may be subsequently extracted via Ans[3].
See Also SIV
ORTH
Description The orth function computes the orthogonal projection of one vector onto another.
Access v.orth library shortcut in the vectors group
Syntax v.orth(v, w)
Input v: a vector having two or more components
w: a vector with the same number of components as v
Output the orthogonal projection orth
v
w =wproj
v
w of the vector w onto the vector v, where proj
v
w is the parallel
projection of w onto v
Example v.orth([6, 1, 2], [0, 4, 7]) returns
_
60
41
174
41
267
41
_

_
1.46 4.24 6.51

.
See Also COMP, PROJ
PERP
Description The perp function computes an orthogonal complement of a two-dimensional vector.
Access v.perp library shortcut in the vectors group
Syntax v.perp(v)
Input v: a vector having two components
Output an orthogonal complement v

= [v
2
, v
1
] of the vector v = [v
1
, v
2
]
Example v.perp([6, 1]) returns
_
1 6

.
See Also ORTH
18
PLANE3PT
Description The plane3pt function gives Cartesian representations of the plane through three points in space.
Access g.plane3pt library shortcut in the geometry group
Syntax g.plane3pt(u, v, w)
Input u: a point on the plane as a position vector
v: a different point on the plane as a position vector
w: a third point on the plane as a position vector; u, v, and w are noncollinear
Output Cartesian representations of the plane; variations of n [x, y, z] =n u, where n =

uv

uw = (vu) (wu)
Example g.plane3pt([0, 4, 6], [5, 1, 1], [2, 6, 0]) returns the matrix
_
x = 5
1
2
y
1
2
z y = 102x z
z = 102x y 32x +16y +16z = 160
_
,
useful in setting up ranges of integration in triple integrals.
See Also PLANEINT, PLANENPT
PLANEINT
Description The planeint function gives Cartesian representations of the plane in space through specied axis intercepts.
Access g.planeint library shortcut in the geometry group
Syntax g.planeint(a, b, c)
Input a: the x-intercept of the plane
b: the y-intercept of the plane
c: the z-intercept of the plane
Output Cartesian representations of the plane; variations of
x
a
+
y
b
+
z
c
= 1
Example g.planeint(2, 3, 6) returns the matrix
_
x = 2
2
3
y
1
3
z y = 3
3
2
x
1
2
z
z = 63x 2y
x
2
+
y
3
+
z
6
= 1
_
, useful in setting up ranges of integration
in triple integrals.
See Also PLANE3PT, PLANENPT
PLINE2PT
Description The pline2pt function nds a parametric representation of the (hyper)line between two points.
Access g.pline2pt library shortcut in the geometry group
Syntax g.pline2pt(a, b)
Input a: a point on the (hyper)line as a position vector
b: a different point on the (hyper)line as a position vector
Output a parametric representation L(t) =a+t(ba) of the (hyper)line
Example g.pline2pt([3, 5, 2] , [4, 6, 7]) returns
_
t 3 t +5 9t 2

.
See Also CLINE2PT, LINPTDIR
19
POT
Description The pot function determines whether a vector eld is conservative. If so, it returns a potential function of the vector
eld; if not, false is returned.
Access i.pot library shortcut in the integrals group
Syntax i.pot(w, v)
Input w: a vector eld
v: a row vector of independent variables with the same number of components as w; or 2 for [x, y]; or 3 for [x, y, z]
Output a potential function f for w (i.e., w =

f ) if w is conservative; otherwise, false

Example i.pot(
_
4xe
z
, cos(y), 2x
2
e
z

, [x, y, z]) returns 2x

2
e
z
+siny, as does i.pot(
_
4xe
z
, cos(y), 2x
2
e
z

, 3).
See Also FTLI
PROJ
Description The proj function computes the parallel projection of one vector onto another.
Access v.proj library shortcut in the vectors group
Syntax v.proj(v, w)
Input v: a vector with two or more components
w: a vector having the same number of components as v
Output the parallel projection proj
v
w =
_
v w
|v|
_
v
|v|
of the vector w onto the vector v
Example v.proj([6, 1, 2], [0, 4, 7]) returns
_

60
41

10
41
20
41
_

_
1.46 0.24 0.49

.
See Also COMP, ORTH
SITEMAP
Description The sitemap function provides help on groups and commands.
Access m.sitemap library shortcut in the miscellaneous group
Syntax m.sitemap(H)
Input H: 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, as follows
# HELP REGARDING:
0 descriptions of groups
1 commands (1st half)
2 commands (2nd half)
3 commands (full list)
4 package information
Output the relevant help as a matrix (table)
Example m.sitemap(0) returns descriptions of the TAMUCALC groups (dot menus).
Note m.sitemap(4) gives the version number of the package as well as contact information.
20
STP
Description The stp function computes the scalar triple product of three vectors.
Access v.stp library shortcut in the vectors group
Syntax v.stp(a, b, c)
Input a: a vector with 3 components
b: another vector with 3 components
c: a third vector with 3 components
Output the scalar triple product, a (bc)
Example v.stp([3, 2, 7] , [4, 0, 5] , [6, 9, 8]) returns 391.
See Also DOTP, CROSSP in TI-Nspire CAS documentation
TLPC
Description The tlpc function nds the tangent line to a parametric curve at a point on the curve.
Access g.tlpc library shortcut in the geometry group
Syntax g.tlpc(g, p)
Input g: a parametric curve specied as a row vector
p: point on the curve as a position row vector
Output a parametric representation of the tangent line to the curve at the specied point on the curve
Examples g.tlpc(
_
t, t
2
, t
3

, [2, 4, 8]) returns [t +2, 4t +4, 12t +8], in the default parameter t.
g.tlpc([4cos, 3sin],
_
2

2,
3
2

2,
_
) returns
_
2

22

2,
3

2
2
+
3

2
2
_
; parameter: .
See Also TPNL [to compute tangent planes and normal lines]
TPNL
Description The tpnl function computes equations of the tangent plane and normal line to a surface at a point on the surface.
Access g.tpnl library shortcut in the geometry group
Syntax g.tpnl(s, p)
Input s: an explicit, implicit, or parametric surface
p: point on the surface as a position row vector
Output equations for the tangent plane and normal line
Examples g.tpnl(2x
2
+y
2
= z, [1, 1, 3]) returns 4x +2y z = 3 for the tangent plane and [x, y, z] = [4t +1, 2t +1, 3t] for the
normal line to this explicit surface.
g.tpnl(x y z = 10, [1, 2, 5]) returns 10x +5y +2z = 30 for the tangent plane and [x, y, z] = [10t +1, 5t +2, 2t +5] for
the normal line to this implicit surface.
g.tpnl(
_
u
2
v
2
u+2v
u v 2
_
, [1, 1, 3]) returns2x 4y +4z = 6 for the tangent plane and
[x, y, z] = [12t, 14t, 4t +3] for the normal line to this parametric surface.
(The 2 in the last matrix entry is a placeholder.)
See Also TLPC [to compute parametric tangent lines]
21
VDOMAIN
Description The vdomain function determines the domain of a vector expression.
Access m.vdomain library shortcut in the miscellaneous group
Syntax m.vdomain(f, t)
Input f : vector expression
t: independent variable in vector expression
Output the domain of the vector expression
Example m.vdomain(
_
t
2
4,

t 4,

6t

, t) returns 4 t 6.
See Also domain in the TI-Nspire CAS Reference Guide
22