Fig.

4-1: Pure-crystal energy-band diagram

Fig. 4-2: n-type material
Fig. 4-3: p-type material
Fig. 4-4: Electron diffusion across a pn junction
Fig. 4-5: Reverse bias condition
Fig. 4-6: Forward bias condition
Fig. 4-8: Double-
heterostructure
configuration
Fig. 4-9: Surface-emitting LED
Fig. 4-10: Edge-emitting LED
Fig. 4-14: LED spectral patterns
Fig. 4-15: Light-emission cone
Fig. 4-16: 3-dB bandwidth points
Fig. 4-17: Laser transition processes
Fig. 4-18: Fabry-Perot resonator cavity
Fig. 4-19: DFB laser
Fig. 4-20: Optical output vs. drive current
Fig. 4-21: Fabry-Perot laser spectrum
Fig. 4-30: Relaxation oscillation peak
Fig. 4-31: Temperature dependence
Fig. 4-35: Modulation methods
Fig. 4-38: Speckle patterns
Fig. 4-39: Time-resolved laser spectra