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GRINDERS
INTRODUCTION
A
grinding mill
is aunit operationdesigned to break a solidmaterial into smaller pieces. In general, milling refers to thesize reduction and separation operations used for processingof food grains into edible form by removing and separatingthe inedible and undesirable portions from them. Milling mayinvolve cleaning/separation, husking, sorting, polishing,grinding etc
(5)
.
 
 The grinding of solid matters occurs under exposure of mechanical forces that trench the structure by overcoming of the interior bonding forces. After the grinding the state of thesolid is changed: the grain size, the grain size disposition andthe grain shape
(6)
.
GRINDING MAY SERVE THE FOLLOWINGPURPOSES IN ENGINEERING
•
magnification of the surface area of a solid
•
manufacturing of a solid with a desired grain size
•
pulping of resources (6)
PRINCIPLE
Observation and research finding indicate that earliest type of grinding mill is called a quern-stone. Two heavy stones whichfit together. The top rotates and the corn (etc) is trappedbetween the two stones. The faces usually have small grovescarved into then, and these function a lot like the teeth on afile. The corn gets "stuck", and other side rotates, and filesaway the free surface of the stuck grain. There are LOTS of different patterns for these groves. Different ones areprobably better for different grains
(2)
.If the grain are approximately a sphere (but isn't) and isn'tperfectly spread over the grinding faces. The upper stone willbe supported by thin layer of grain which works a little bit like
 
ball-bearings. But because the grains aren't perfect spheres,when they rotate a few will rotate and try to raise the upperstone, increasing the pressure on the grain to such an extentthat the husk is likely to crack. If the upper stone is beingturned fairly fast, the pressure gets bigger
(3)
.
(7) 
 
(7)
THE CHARACTERISTIC OF GRINDING OPERATIONIS AFFECTED BY THE FOLLOWING GRAINPARAMETERS:
 Type of cereal grainVarietyMoisture contentExtent of hydro thermal treatment given to the grainMechanical properties.(8)
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