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Class Notes
Functions and Linear Equations
Linear Equations can be shown in five (5) ways.Given one of the five (5) ways, the other four (4) ways can be figured out.
Linear Equation:
y
= m
x
+ b
y
= 5
x
+ 3
Function Table:
xy
0318213
Ordered Pairs:
(
x, y
)(0, 3)(1, 8)(2, 13)
A Set of Numbers
in the
Domain
(
x
-values) = {0, 1, 2}and in the
Range
(
y
-values = {3, 8, 13}
Graph:
Line
ar Equations
are equations that can be graphed on a coordinate plane (graph paper) with a
straightline
. The word
line
can be seen in the word
line
ar.
y-intercept form:
One way to write a linear equation is using the
y-intercept form
:
y
= m
x
+ b This linear equation format tells where the line will cross the y-axis. In this equation, m and b will be numbers that are shown. Here is an example:
y
= m
x
+ b
y
= 5
x
+ 3 In this example, m = 5 and b = 3
m = slopem
is always used to show the
slope of a line
on a graph. The m in this equation is a
coefficient
. Coefficients are numbers that are written smushed up against a variable. In the y-intercept format:
y
= m
x
+ b the coefficient = m. In the example:
y
= 5
x
+ 3 the coefficient = 5. A
coefficient
is a number that is not fully known, because it is yet to be multiplied by thevariable; once the variable is known. 5
x
could be 5(3) if x = 3, which would become 15or 5(21) if x = 21, which would become 105or 5(-2) if x = -2, which would become -10 Note: IF the number is multiplied to a variable with a × sign in between the number and the variable, thenthe number is not called a coefficient. It is called a
constant
. A
constant
is a number that stands alone in anequation and is not attached directly to a variable.Example: 5 × 3 both the 5 and the 3 are constants.
b =
y
-intercept b
is always used to show the y-intercept of a line. The
y
-intercept
is the place on the graph where the line crosses the
y
-axis
.NOTE: The value for x is ALWAYS 0, where the line crosses the y-axis at the y-intercept. So
x = 0at the y-intercept
. In our example, the line will cross the y-axis, where y = 3. This can be determined from:
The equation
:
y
= m
x
+ by = 5x +
3
The 3 is in the place of the b. This means the line crosses the y-axis where y =3.
The function table:
xy
0318213 Look at the row where
x
= 0, find the value for
y
. In this example,
y
= 3 where = 0So, the straight line crosses the
y
-axis, where
y
= 3.
The ordered pair:
Choose the ordered pair where
x
= 0.(
x
,
y
)(0,
3
) Then determine the value for
y
, when
x
= 0.y = 3.So, the straight line crosses the
y
-axis, where
y
= 3.
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