tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words Simple Present A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak?

a tion in the present taking pla e on e! never or several times fa ts a tions taking pla e one after another a tion set "# a timeta"le or s hedule al$a#s! ever# %! never! normall#! often! seldom! sometimes! usuall# if senten es t#pe & '&f & talk! %( Present Progressive A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: &s he speaking? a tion taking pla e in the moment of speaking a tion taking pla e onl# for a limited period of time a tion arranged for the future at the moment! )ust! )ust no$! *isten+! *ook+! no$! right no$ Simple Past A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? a tion in the past taking pla e on e! never or several times a tions taking pla e one after another a tion taking pla e in the middle of another a tion #esterda#! , minutes ago! in -../! the other da#! last 0rida# if senten e t#pe && '&f & talked! %( Past Progressive A: He $as speaking. N: He $as not speaking. Q: Was he speaking? a tion going on at a ertain time in the past a tions taking pla e at the same time a tion in the past that is interrupted "# another a tion $hen! $hile! as long as Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken? putting emphasis on the result a tion that is still going on a tion that stopped re entl# finished a tion that has an influen e on the present a tion that has taken pla e on e! never or several times "efore the moment of speaking

alread#! ever! )ust! never! not #et! so far! till no$! up to no$ Present Perfect Progressive A: He has "een speaking. N: He has not "een speaking. Q: Has he "een speaking? putting emphasis on the ourse or duration 'not the result( a tion that re entl# stopped or is still going on finished a tion that influen ed the present all da#! for 1 #ears! sin e -..2! ho$ long?! the $hole $eek Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken? a tion taking pla e "efore a ertain time in the past sometimes inter hangea"le $ith past perfe t progressive putting emphasis onl# on the fa t 'not the duration( alread#! )ust! never! not #et! on e! until that da# if senten e t#pe &&& '&f & had talked! %( Past Perfect Progressive A: He had "een speaking. N: He had not "een speaking. Q: Had he "een speaking? a tion taking pla e "efore a ertain time in the past sometimes inter hangea"le $ith past perfe t simple putting emphasis on the duration or ourse of an a tion for! sin e! the $hole da#! all da# Future I Simple A: He $ill speak. N: He $ill not speak. Q: Will he speak? a tion in the future that annot "e influen ed spontaneous de ision assumption $ith regard to the future

in a #ear! ne3t %! tomorro$ &f4Sat5 6#p & '&f #ou ask her! she $ill help #ou.( assumption: & think! pro"a"l#! perhaps Future I Simple 'going to( A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: &s he going to speak? de ision made for the future on lusion $ith regard to the future

in one #ear! ne3t $eek! tomorro$ Future I Progressive A: He $ill "e speaking. N: He $ill not "e speaking. Q: Will he "e speaking? a tion that is going on at a ertain time in the future a tion that is sure to happen in the near future in one #ear! ne3t $eek! tomorro$ Future II Simple A: He $ill have spoken. N: He $ill not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken? a tion that $ill "e finished at a ertain time in the future "# 7onda#! in a $eek Future II Progressive A: He $ill have "een speaking. N: He $ill not have "een speaking. Q: Will he have "een speaking? a tion taking pla e "efore a ertain time in the future putting emphasis on the ourse of an a tion for %! the last ouple of hours! all da# long Conditional I Simple A: He $ould speak. N: He $ould not speak. Q: Would he speak? a tion that might take pla e if senten es t#pe && '&f & $ere #ou! & $ould go home.( Conditional I Progressive A: He $ould "e speaking. N: He $ould not "e speaking. Q: Would he "e speaking? a tion that might take pla e putting emphasis on the ourse / duration of the a tion Conditional II Simple A: He $ould have spoken. N: He $ould not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken? a tion that might have taken pla e in the past if senten es t#pe &&& '&f & had seen that! & $ould have helped.( Conditional II Progressive A: He $ould have "een speaking. N: He $ould not have "een speaking. Q: Would he have "een speaking? a tion that might have taken pla e in the past

puts emphasis on the ourse / duration of the a tion