1. Active transport is the mediated process of moving particles across a biological
membrane against a concentration gradient.
It requires:

Indirect Active Transport. Other transporters use the energy already stored in
the gradient of a directly-pumped ion. Direct active transport of the ion
establishes a concentration gradient. When this is relieved by facilitated
diffusion, the energy released can be harnessed to the pumping of some other
ion or molecule.Some particles cannot across the phospholipid bilayer due to
the semi-permeable membrane just allow some particles to accross it.

The movement of particles
across the plasma membrane
can be seen by cliking on