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Pq¨ 2009
31
 
hnPb-Ipam¿ ªmØq¿ 
alØmb kn\naIfneqsS Hcp bm{X
bp Fkv F/Cw•ojv / If¿/ 70
mm
/212 an\p´vkwhn[m\w : hneyw sshe¿
eq
 hmtekns‚ {]ikvXt\mhemb
"s_≥l¿ ˛ {InkvXphns‚IY' 
{]kn≤oIcn®Xv 1880¬ BWv. 1907epw1926epw Cu t\mh-ens\ Ah-ew_n®vkn\n-a-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´p. 1926sekn\na AXp-h-sc-bp≈ kn\nam\n¿ΩmW Nne-hn¬ dn°m¿Uv Abn-cp-∂p. \ni_vZ kn\n-a-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw Nne-th-dnb Nn{Xw.1959¬ hneyw sshe¿ kwhn-[m\w sNbvXv tlmfn-hp-Un¬ ho≠pwHcp " s_≥l¿' IqSn ]nd-∂p. AXv
s_≥l¿
temI-kn-\n-a-bnse Hcp \mgn-I-°-√mbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. kn\n-a-bpsS ssk‰p-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ k¶-ev]sØ Xs∂ am‰n adn®Xmbncp∂ps_≥l-dns‚ ÃpUntbm ^vtfmdp-Iƒ. e£-°-W-°n\p tUmf¿ Nne-h-gn®v \n¿Ωn® Cu kn\na hmcn-°q-´n-bXv ]Xn-s\m∂v A°m-UanAhm¿Up-I-fm-Wv. (Cu dn°m¿Un-s\m-∏saØn-bXv 1997¬ "ssS‰m-\nIv', 2003¬ " tem¿Uv Hm^v Z dnMvkv; "Zn dnt´¨ Hm^v Zn InwKv' F∂nham{X-am-Wv).G‰hpw anI® Nn{Xw,kwhn-[m-b-I≥, \S≥, kl-\-S≥, sk‰vU°-td-j≥ Ombm-{K-l-Ww, hkv{Xm-e-¶m-cw, kvs]j¬ F^-IvSvkv, FUn-‰nw-Kv, kwKo-Xw, i_vZw, F∂n-h-bv°p≈HmkvIm¿ Ahm¿UpIfmWv Cu kn\nat\Sn-b-Xv. kn\n-a-sb∂ am[y-a-Øns‚km≤y-X-Isf ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-Kn®Hcp kn\n-a-bmbn s_≥l¿ sIm≠m-Ss]´p.t_Xve-tl-anse Imen-sØm-gp-Øn¬ ]nd∂ DÆn-tb-ip-hns\ tXSnZnhy\£{XtØ ]n≥XpS¿∂v ⁄m\n
 
imkv{XtIcfw 
32
 
Iƒ FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xns\kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv kn\n-a-bpsS Bcw-`w. IYBcw-`n-°p-∂Xv tbip-hns‚ ]nd-hn°ptijw 26 h¿j߃ Ign-™m-Wv.sPdp-k-te-anse PqZn-b-bnse[\n-I-\mb I®-h-S-{]-ap-J-\mWv PqZms_≥l¿. tdmamkm{amPyØns‚ ASn®-a¿Ø-ep-Iƒs°-Xnsc P\-ß-fn¬{]Xn-tj[w ]pI-bp-∂p-≠v. ]pXp-Xmbn\nb-an-X-\mb Kh¿Æ¿s°m∏w ]´m-f-{Sn_yqWemb samebpw PqZnbbn¬FØp-∂p. sam-e-bpsS _mey-ImewPqZn-b-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-esØG‰hpw ASpØ kplr-Øm-bn-cp∂pPqZm s_≥l¿. PqZmbpsS IpSpw_hpwsametbmSv hfsc kvt\lØnembncp-∂p. h¿j-߃ \o≠ ]´m-f-Po-hn-X-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ same hfsc amdn-t∏m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tdmam N{I-h¿Øn-bpsSaXn∏v t\Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn Abmƒ F¥psNøm\pw Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ ]gb kvt\ln-X≥ D∂-X-]-Z-hn-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-Xn¬s_≥l¿ hfsc kt¥m-j-hm-\m-bn-cp- ∂p. Dujva-f-amb kamKaw . ]t£kulrZ kw`m-j-W-߃ ]Xps° hgnamdn cmjv{Sob N¿®IfnseØp∂p.tdmam-°m¿s°-Xnsc Iem-]-ap-b¿Øp-∂-hsc Ipdn®v s_≥l-dn\v Adn-bm-sa∂v same°v a\knemIp∂p. Ahsc-Ip-dn®v hnhcw \¬Im≥ s_≥l¿k∂-≤-\√. Xs‚ P\-Xsb H‰n-s°mSp°n-s√∂v s_≥l¿ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. F¶n¬ i{Xp-hmtb C\n ]cn-K-Wn°q F∂v Ip]n-X-\mbn ]d-™p-sIm≠v same Cd-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p.CXn-\n-S-bn¬ PqZm IpSpw-_-Ønse ASn-a-bmb kntam-\nUvkpwAbm-fpsS aIƒ FÃdpw At¥m-Jy-bn¬ \n∂p≈ km¿∞-hm-l-I-kw-L-tØm-sSm∏w Xncn-s®-Øp-∂p. bP-am\kvt\ln-bmb kntam-\nUvkvXs‚ aI-fpsS hnhm-l-\n-›b hnhcwbPam\\mb s_≥ldns\ Adnbn°p∂p. kpμ-cnbpw kXvkz-`m-hn-bp-ambFÃ-dn-t\mSv s_≥l-dn\v am\-kn-I-amb BI¿j-W-ap-≠v. ]t£ Ah-fpsS hnhmlw \n›-bn-®-X-dn-™-Xn-\m¬ Abmƒ hnhm-l-k-Ωm-\-ambnAhƒ°v ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂vkzmX{¥yw \¬Ip∂p.]pXnb Kh¿W-dp-tSbpw ]´m-f-°m-cp-tSbpw sXcp-hn-eq-tS-bp≈tLmj-bm{X Xß-fpsS _w•m-hns‚_m¬°-Wn-bn¬ \n∂v I≠p-\n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p s_≥ldpw ktlm-ZcnSn¿km-ebpw. Ccp-h-tcbpw kwL-Ønse same ImWpIbpw sNbvXp.(F-¥n-\mWv same ]nW-ßn-t∏m-b-sX∂v Sn¿kme°v a\nembncp∂n√.same Ah-fpsS sNdp-∏-Ønte Ifn-°q-´p-Im-c-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p) CXn-\n-S-bn¬Sn¿kmebpsS ssI A_≤Øn¬ X´nHmSn-fIn Xmsg tdmUnse tLmj-bm-{Xbnte°vhogp∂p. Kh¿WdpsS IpXnc-bpsS taemWv AXv hoW-Xv. hnd-fn-]n-Sn® IpXn-c-∏p-d-Øp-\n∂v hoWvKh¿W¿°v Kpcp-X-c-ambn ]cn-°p-]-‰p-∂p. a\-∏q¿Δw Kh¿WsdA]m-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈A´n-a-dn-bm-sW∂mtcm]n®vs_≥l-dns\same XS-hnem°p∂p.\nc-]-cm-[n-bm-sW-∂-dn-™n´pw same Xs‚ ]Iaqew PqZmIpSpw-_sØ in£n-°p-∂p. AΩ-tbbpw ktlm-Z-cn-tbbpw Ccp≠ XS-hpapdnIfneS°p∂p. PqZmsb ASna∏mf-b-Øn-te-°pw. ]ncnbpw apºvs_≥l¿ Xm≥ Xncn-®p-h-cp-sa∂pw{]XnImcw sNøpsa∂pw sametbmSv]d-bp-∂p-≠v.acp-`q-an-bn-eqsS Nß-e-°n´v a‰vASn-a-Iƒs°m∏w Xpd-ap-J-Øn-te°vs_≥l-dn-t\bpw \S-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-I-bm-Wv. {Iqc-cmb ]S-bm-fn-Iƒs_≥ldn\v sh≈w t]mepw sImSp°p∂n-√. \kvtd-Øn¬ sh®v Zmln®pXf¿∂v Ipg-™p-hoW s_≥l-dn\vA⁄m-X-\mb Hcmƒ sh≈w \¬Ip-∂p≠v. Abm-fpsS IÆp-I-fn-te°vt\m°nb s_≥l¿ Pohn-°m-\p≈{]Xymi e`n-®-h-\m-Ip∂p. sh≈wsImSp-°p-∂Xp XS-bp∂ ]S-bm-fnbpwB a\p-jys‚ t\m´-Øn¬ ]X-dn-t]m-Ip-∂p.
 
Pq¨ 2009
33
alØmb kn\naIfneqsS Hcp bm{X
C∂v,-{]-Xn-h¿jw 8 e£w Ip´n-I-fpsS hoXwac-W-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip∂ ate-dn-b-bp-tSbpw AXp-t]msebp≈, XSbm≥ Ignbp∂ a‰vtcmKßfptSbpwhym]-\w, A¥-co£ Xm]-\n-e-tbmSpw ag-tbm-Sp-sams° _‘s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Imem-hÿm hyXn-bm-\w, Ch IqSp-X¬ hym]-I-am-°n-tb-°mw.
Unicef UK-Climate Change Report 2008 
I∏¬ X´p-I-fn¬ Nß-e-°p-≈n¬ \o≠ aq∂p h¿j-߃ ASn-a-bmbn Xpg-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p s_≥l¿.amkntUmWnb≥ IS¬s°m≈°mscXpc-Øm≥ tdmam-N-{I-h¿Øn \ntbm-Kn® I∏¬]-S-bnse Izn‚kv Adn-b-kns‚ I∏ense Xpg®n¬Im¿s°m∏amWn-t∏mƒ. Xf-cmsX F{Xtbmt\cw Xpg-bp∂ B ASn-asb Adn-bkv {i≤n-®p. Abm-fpsS Icp-Øn¬aXn-∏p-tXm∂n •mUn-tb-‰-dmtbm cY-tbm-´-°m-c-\mtbm ]cn-io-en-∏n-°m-sa∂v hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂p. ]t£PqZm \nc-kn-°p-∂p. PqZm-bpsS IÆp-I-fn¬ {]Xn-Im-c-Øns‚ A·nsISmsX Xnfßp∂Xv Adnbkv Xncn®-dn-bp-∂p. AXmWv PqZmsb Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-∂pw. ssZhw X\n°v th≠am¿§w sXfn®p Xcp-sa-∂mWvs_≥l¿ adp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂-Xv.IS¬s°m≈°m¿ Ahkm\w tdma≥I∏¬ hyqlsØ B{I-an-°p-IbpwAdn-b-kns‚ I∏¬ XI¿°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p. ]S-bm-fn-I-tfmSv s_≥l-dns‚ Nß-e-am{Xw ]q´m-Xn-cn-°m≥Adn-bkv apt∂ \n¿t±iw sImSp-Øn-cp∂p. apßp∂ I∏en¬ \n∂pw AXpsIm≠v s_≥l¿ c£-s∏-Sp-∂p.Abmƒ apßnØmgpIbmbncp∂ Adnb-kn-t\bpw c£n-°p-∂p. Xs‚ ]S]q¿Æ-ambpw tXm‰p-X-I¿∂p-sh∂pIcpXnb Adn-bkv Bfl-l-XysNøm≥ {ian-°p∂Xpw s_≥l¿ XS-bp∂p. ac∏mfnbn¬ ]nSn®p InS∂ Ccph-tcbpw tdma≥ I∏¬ c£-s]-Sp-Øp-∂p. At∏mgmWv Adnbkv Adnbp∂XvI∏¬sIm-≈-°m¿ apgp-h≥ \in-∏n-°s∏-s´∂pw ZuXyw hnP-b-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw. hnP-b-Øns‚ ]¶vs_≥l-dn\pw ]IpØv \¬Im≥ Adn-bkv Hcp-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnP-b-k-Ωm-\- ambn Xs‚ Poh≥ c£n® ASn-a-bpsSt]cn-ep≈ Ip‰-߃ am∏m°nAbmƒ°v kzmX{¥yw \¬IWsa∂vkok-dn-t\mSv At]-£n-°p-Ibpwkok¿ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.Xs‚ k¿Δkº-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-bmbn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw PqZmsb]p{X-\mbn ZsØ-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.tdmam-°m-cpsS PohnX coXn-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏´ s_≥l¿ hnZ-KvZ-\mb cYHm´°m-c-\mbn t]sc-Sp-Øp.Xs‚ Pohn-X-e£yw \nd-th-‰m-\mbn PqZn-bm-bn-te°v aS-ßp-I-bmWvPqZm. FÃ-dns‚ hnhmlw \S-∂n-s√∂pw Ahƒ Ct∏mgpw Xt∂m-Sp≈{]Wbw sIm≠p-\-S-°p-∂p-s≠∂pwAbmƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.-A-dn-b-ns‚hf¿Øp-a-I-\mbn Xncn-s®-Ønbs_≥l¿ sam-esb ImWp-∂p.Xs‚ AΩ-tbbpw ktlm-Z-cn-tbbpwtamNn-∏n°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.hrØn-sI´ Ccp-´p-ap-dn-I-fnse \o≠At\z-j-W-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ sam-e-bpsS klmbn IpjvT-tcmKw ]nSn-°-s∏´ Ccp-h-tcbpw Is≠Øn AhscIpjvT-tcm-Kn-I-I-fpsS Xmgvhc-bn-te°v\mSp-I-S-Øp-∂p. Hcp-\mƒ ChscFÿ ImWp-∂p-≠v. ]t£ Hcn-°epwCu clkyw s_≥l-dns\ Adn-bn-°n-s√∂v FÃ-dns\ sIm≠v Ah¿kXyw sNøn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬Fÿ s_≥l-dn-t\mSv AΩbpwktlm-Z-cnbpw XS-h-d-bn¬ acn-®p-t]m-sb∂v \pW-]-d-bp-∂p.hneyw sshe¿
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