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'orrt-r:ivc< a1 n,c l i t tl - t ' t u t t i o n r r l r r ' l l r t i o r r s t l r e o r ' 1 \ \ ' c l ' c r l c c n r e c l t o i r r l r a l t i t [ \ \ , r )r l i s t i r r c l ttttitt'tscs o l < l i s t ' o t r l s( c. \ r ' o n l l x i 7 ) . r ' l ' l r r c c e r a n r p l e sf i o n r t l r c p o s t - l ! ) 4 i r p t ' r i o r l t v i l l s t : t ' r ct o i l l r r s t u t t e t l r l c c t c r r r l c r r c i c is r r t l r e p r o c c s so 1 ' c l i { ' l e r r c n t i l t t i o r t .( ) r r t l t c o t t c l u r t t t l . t l t t ' l r s s l t r l tl l ' l ) u v i r l L . 1 r s t ( )(l l' { r) 5 1 ) r r p o r r t r ' . t t l i t i o r t :l t l l r l t l r t ' o r v t r r r l l r i s l t : t l c ' l i r r i t i o r o r l t l r e t c l r ) l t o lcler to tltt: rolitit ( o l n l r r l : r t i o ro rI lu Potlrcst's lirl errilrir-icu t tl r s t i n e \ \ r l r isi l s r ir u r r i c r l l o r l ' l r l c l iri irrtct'lilttiott:r t l' t ' l r t t i o t t sl.r c t t t r c t l t N . \ \ ' l l t z , l r ] ( ) l ' cs ) ' l l t [ ) r r l l t c t itrl:r i r n l l l ( ) s l t o t l r t s s irtr l l r o l i t i t ' r r l l l r c o r ' \ , l r : r sl i g l r t l l l r o i t r t e t l( ) r r t t l r : r t t h e [ e l ' l r r 'lltt:ot l n ' n ( ) l l rs -f pcciltlists i n i r t t c r r u r t i o r u r l e l u t i o r r s ,o { i e r r f i s t t s t ' t ll o o s t ' 1 1 t ' t ' l t ' tt ' i u q l ( ) r t t i l t v o t L l l t l t l i s c s r r l r o r c l r ) r l - c t l c s c l i l , r t i o r rt i r i r l r v l r i c lr i t t t l t r t l c s s ( ) l l l c l t t t : t l y s i sl.{ u l c l l ' c I o t : s i t ' r - e f e l o n l l ' t o \ r , o l k t l t a t n r c e t s 'f t cc - s t u t t c l a l r l s(' I ! ) 7 ! ) : l ) . h e t . r ' i t e l i o no f ' n ' l u t t c o r r l t l r i l o s o l t l n . o l - s c ite s l i t r r t c s g o o t I t l r c o l t l l e t ru \ s u l r r c r , l i l c n t l r e l i c f t i l ] t ( ) r ) gt l r c o r - i s l s rtI i t t l t ' tt u t t i o l t : t lt ' t ' l l t l i o t r .t s l i ; t t c x l r l r l n l t t i ( ) rlll r u s t u i r r r t o l r l ) l ) r o x i r i r u t c the : t t I t i t : \ ' ( ' r r ) ( ' l lo ts l r n t r u - u l s r i r : r r c c . - l ' l r c o r - i cis r, r \ \ ' u l t z ' sv i e \ r ' l, i n r t o e x l t l l i r r 'nrrrclr ()l llrrvs o l r t r r i n .I i c r ' o n r p l a i r r s \ r l t v l t s s o it ; t t i r ) n s tlurt of'tr-aclitional ( ( ) n c c l ' n c r l t l t c o r ' \ . . . i s r r r o l t ' n ' i t l r i l p l r i l o s o y r l r i c 'l t e r l ) l - c t r r t i ( ) l r ltolrtit:tl t l r a r rr r i t l r t l r c o rt ' l i r : r lr s l r l u r r : r t i o r ( rt ' i1.': I ' l r t l i r s t c t ' i t t go l a t i i t ' l r o t t l n l \ l ) c t \ \ c c n P o l i t i c a l t l r t : o r ' ) , lrrrl intcr't u t t i o t u t l I c l l t t i o t t s t l t c o r ' 1 \ \ i 1 1ls u l l r r ' 1 1 i n t l r c rl,or-lo i l )lil'ti( ltltlrrorrricecl N l r r l t i r r\ \ ' i g l r t , l l t c r l o l e n o 1 ' t l r c l . - r r e ' l i ss hc l r o o l . L l n l i k c \ \ / a l t z . l,r e l r , : r s r t ' l t r ' t t t c t t t l t l i n t i - l l c l r ; t t ' i t i t r r l t l i s t[.' o l i t i c l r l t l r e o r ' 1 ' l ,r e l l g r r c r l , i s r r i n i n l l , t r i l l t s 1 . r c t t t l : t t i o l r l t r o r r t l l r r : s t l r t e , t r , l r e r - c ais rrtclnalionlil l)l'('o(('ul)it:<l t l t t ' o t ' \ ( ( ) l t ( ' ( ' r ' l ris tst:ll rvitlr tlrc intcrnatiorrirl('()lnr])rutitt o' f l l l l t i ( ) l l s . Irtttlr:t-stt,o i tttl l l t t ' s ct c l n ) s , t l t c l c i s n o l r o r l l o l ' { l r t ' o r i r r i r r t t ' r ' n u t i o r r a l lt tt'l:rtir)rI( s' o t t t l t : t t ' ; t l r t r 'i t l r t l r t : t l l r s s i t t r ' \ t s i r r p o i i t i c u l t l r c o r ' 1 '( \ \ ' i r r l r t 1 1 ) ( i ( il:l i ) . l l r t t s i t r s s t t rh u r u u ' r ' o r l l ls t i l r r r l : r t ti : r rlclirrition ol Politir.arl t l t c o t ' \ ' ,\ \ ' i g l r t c ' r , r t s i r r t c rr n r t i o r u r l t l r c o r ' 1 o l [ [ i ' o r r r a r - i tl t s o u t ' c c r i f ' 'l'lro()r'\', 'llltcr 'cill] stirttttlits. nirti()rutl \ \ ' i g - l r tl t ' l l s u s , lte <liscernetl c r i s t i r t gc l i r t r l l o ' ,l r s t u r t ' r l r t t t c nl) ( ) r L ' ( ) \ ' lr)' ;l u t i t i o n r ( 1p l t l t l t ' o n t l r r :l r - i r r g t ' , o t - t t l t t ' s i t to l o t ' t l i t u t t ' i ' l r o l r t i c 'P ; rl lr i l o s o l r l r y a r r c ll ) l l l ' t h ' i r rt l r r ' P r - o v i n c c of' i t t t c t l i u t i o t l t l l u t r ' 1 I l ) ! ) l : I ) . l ) c s p i t t : l r i s p r ' ( ) t c s l st h z r t i r r t c rn i r t i o n i r l l l t c o t ' t 'r t l l l t t ' o x i t n l t c sl l ( ) t l ( ) t u t t r r r . . r slc i c r r c e ,l t r r t t o l t h i l r ) s ( ) p l l ) l, \, / i g l r t cngag'c:: it i t r t t r : t t : t i v i t t ' t l r a tl o o k s l l r ( ) l ' el i l i e P r - e - l ) a l r v i n i : r n lriolog)'tlrarr p l r i l o s o l t l r t 'I . I u ri r t u s t i p t r l l r t i v e l t r 'l c f i r r c r l t l r c l ' a l c e e n r r s i r r t t ' r - n u t i o n u l t l t c o t ' y , l t c s ( ' t s r t l r o t t t c ' l l r s s i h ' i r r ri . t ls s l l t ' t r r s l r r r r l s t r b - s 1 - l e c ' i c \s \ i.i e l r t

rlcscrilres ltis urlvt:tttures i r t t h c o r ' 1 ' a s ' a n e x l r c r - i n r e n ti n c ' l r r s s i { i r : a t i oin n, ty,ltol<lgy , ,i c l . . . a n e x p l o r - . ' t t i o no f ' c o l l t i n l r i t l ' a r r t l l ' L i c u l ' r ' e l r c e lu l l, s t r r ( l \ /i r ) l l t e t t r t i f i t l t r r i t l , o l p o l i t i c l t l t l t o t t s h t : i r n < [ i t s l c a r l i n e 1 ; r ' c . n r i sis s rlrat l t t l l i t i c : a li r l c a s c l o t t o t c l l r n q e n r r r r : l r ,u r r c l t h e l a n g e o l ' i t l c i r s i s l i r n i t c ' < l ' ( 1 1 ) 9:15 ) . A s e c o t t t l f i r r r r r o f l t t t t i - b e h a r i o t r n r l i st l r t ' o r " ' i ,n , i r r t e r r u r t i o r r ar l cllrtiorrs l t t ' o t t g l t tt h c ' s t r l r - c l i s c i p l i n r er o r l o s t : r - t ( )L r l c c o n c i l i u t i o r r r v i t l r p o l i t i c a l p l r i l o s o p l t l , . 1 ' l t e l c \ v a sa l ' i c l e l ' a n g e t i l ' I i s i r i o n u b l e , s h o l t - l i v e ( l u t t e l r l l ) t s t h e o r e l i c a l l l , 1 , , r e o t - i e n t t l r e r l i s c i p l i r r e ;l i ' r , r r rl i l l l ( ) l - l e t h e r r r c r r - r c l g e r tl l t e :rc:livito y 'f ' <o t t s t t ' u c t i l l gn t o t l c l s , o r l ) r ' l ' s p c c r i \ - r 'ts ) l r c t i r sl o o l s o 1 ' ; t r u r l l , s i s (, '['lrr: i n c x p l a i n i t r g i r t t c r r r l r t i o n : r ll c l i r t i o n s . Pclsl)r.cti\'(.\ s\ , c lc l i . c : r l i s r t r , lvitlrits etttltlutsis r r l ) o n l ) ( ) \ \ , e lrr r r c s l e r r r l i l l ' ; I ' l r u ' a l i s r nr ,v i l l r i t s I i r c ' r r s ul)()rr i r t t el t l c l r e t t c l c t t t ' :ct t r t lt l u r r s r i u t i r i n ul lc l r t i o r i s ; a n r l S t l r r t ' t r r r : r l i s n nr.,i t l ri t s t : e t t l t ' i t ll l t c t t r t : s o f c l o t t t i t u u r ( r (a ) r r r l r l c l - r t : r r r l c r ) t ' c . ' [ ' l t c so c1 ' l b l t , r ll c l r r l l t t t l t t l c t l t c o t e t i t ' : r lI i ' : t t t t c u ' o l k s n ' l r i c l rc o r r l , l l i c l c f i n e r l l r r r l a P p l i c r l I i r r ' v l t l t t e - f l - c cl,) ( ) s t - l t e h a v i o t t t - s . ,l1 c r r , 1 ' nI , ' r ' o s t ao l r i u l s c i c r r t i t i ce ' x l t l r u ) a t i ( ) 1 rN ; l r g u c s t l r a t u l l o l t l r e < [ o t n i r u t r r itr l ) P l ' ( ) u ( ' h c s ,c'lrrclirrg in t l r t : s o - c : a l l c rt l' l : r s s i t ' : t l: r p 1 t r - t t a r o - lft \ \ I i { r l r t ,I J t r l l ,\ ' i r r r c r r t a n t l o t l r c r - s , uive cpisterrroloeic:rl -flris oltjct i s t v l t a l l r e h a s < : a l i c rt l l r e l t i : r st o i r ' a t - c l' s rirc l l r i o l i t y ' t o L l t eI n c : t s . cxplltttltliott'itt tlre srrb-clisciplirre a, n r l i s t l , e n t : t i r rl e : l s ( ) l l\ \ , l l yt r o r l l t u t i v t : p o l i t i c a l t l t e o r ' 1 ' l t a ls r c e r rl a l e e l l ' r r c s l e c t e t l( F - r ' o sl t! ) 9 ( r :l : , i 8 - l l ) ) . '[-hc ( ) l t l t e t:haptcr title u'ill lrt'no\r'h:r\e bec'orrrc rr])l)arcl]t. ltoir-]t I'<tlitic':r tltcot'1u ' tttl irtter-rurtiorra tlre<ir-a 1r ' c c l r r i l ec l i I f ' e l c r r t l t i r r g s ,a r r r l r v l t c t ' c t h t : r - t t i s a s t r ; r e l l i c i a l l e s e n r l r l i r n , ' e ( ) r - l t o i n t o l c ' o n t : r t : tt l r e itrl'eriot.ity c t o t r t p l e xi s s o o v e r " l , l r e l r n i n ut l r ; r t i t s e l r e s t o s t t r l t i { 1 ' o l i e i r r a l 'flrt: l r r r t ll t l r i l o s o p h i c t t l l l 1 r c l r r g h tu l t o r r t i l t t e l - l l l r t i o n u lr - c l a t i o t r s . ' ' 1 g , , , ' o rlrl s ( l l r r i s r c s r t l t ,i t r l l r o l v r ) ' s\ \ , o f c l si,s " n r t r r n c l e r - t h e o r i z e r l : . r rl r cn l itetlcorrcelt, ir t i o t r t t f i t r t e r t t a t i o t t a lr e l a t i o n s ' ( 1 ! ) ! ) 3 :8 3 ) . I I i s v i e n i s t h a t i n t e l n u t i o r r i r l gtpltecl<lec l tlte lrr6lrtlcr t ' e l a t i o t t st l t c o r l ' l t a s t o l t e s e c t t t - t s ip l t r 1 ; i e c t. 1 1 ' 'l-lie s t t ti : t l a n r l p o l i t i c ' a l t l t e o r ' y r gr-on'irre a<:l.,notvlerlgetrret nh t a t L h e r r :i s r r Iteerl filt' t'ctcottt:iliution i s e v i t I c r r t . ] - l o u ' l t r - r\l , \ / i l l i a n l s ,t o c i t e o r r e o l ' llttlllcl'()tls c x a t t t l l l e s ,l t : t si l ( ) l l c tl t s I ' a r - ; r t s( ) s r t g g c s tt l r : r t i r r r r r a r r \ , \ v l r ) r s ' t l l c s t t t r l l ' o l ' p o l i t i c ; ttll t c o r - y ' t l r e s t t r r h ' o l i n t c r ' t u r t i c l r ulre is l l : r r i o n s '( l t X ) ? : r ) . l ) o l i t i t a l t l t e o t ' 1 ' u s i t t ' r n c ' t ' u r t l : t tt l t e l r e g i n r r i r r a oi tlre t\\rentictlr ('cllttll'\t /lelirtt:ci ltscIlin lct'rtts < i l ' i t s] r a s t . ' I ' l r i s l c f I e i : t c r lt o s ( ) l r ] c extclrt its tlist:iltlitr:u Y t l f i . ' 1 1 s ,l t t t t a l s o l l r c r l o n t i r ) a l ) (r i o l l t l r i l o s o l t l r i c a li r l c : a l i s n i , t v l r i c l r< ' o r r l t : n r l e trh l nt ltlrilosoltlt\'\\'a ir rl o en i r l r e l r i s t o r r sr c l i s r i n g r r i s l r a l f o l l l l r i l o s o l t l r y ,l . 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N c v e l l l r c l e s s . L e o S t r ' : l u s s , S h c l c l o n \ \ i r l i r r , H a t t t u t A l e r t c l t , [ r l i c V c l e { . l e l i nI , s : r i ; r hI ] e r l r r r u n t l . f o l r n l)llttttctt:itr zl t ' c t vl i e r r r i l l ' l l l ) ( ) n I ) : l s tt l r i n k e l s i n o l r I e l t o n l r k e c ( ) l l l c r p ) l : u\ 1 l , , l ii t t ; r l l ) () i n t \ . 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T ' l r c i p t p r ' ( ) \ , e l t l e l l9 t l t l r e 6 6 r r r l i t i 1 ; rg rI ltrrrnltlity lt], 'scicntiljc n r c ; u r so f s t r r c l t ' ( l r i e a n i r r gs cl r r i l : r r l yt r n r l s ; ' s t e n r z r t s ic t t r c l y ,a )n r l t l r c l p l t l i t . l l t i ( ) l )o l s t : i c t t t i l i cr r i c t l r o c l s t o s o c i l i l p r ' < i l l l e r n \sv c l . et l r c p r - i r n u r 1 , g o i t l s o f t l t c s t r l t - c l i s c i p l i n cl.- r r 1 ; l r oirl f r c - ( ' ( ) r l r l l u r r i c l e s t u b l i s l r r n c r ro t l< rc t f' t l t t ' l . c a a ' t t co f N l t t i o t t s u t t r l l ( ' ( ) r l s e l l s uc sl c v e l o p c r l: r r - o u r r rtll r e i r l e a o f lilrt:r:ri l t t t t ' t ' t t i t t i o t t a l i s tc t il r r l i r i gt l r e l 9 l 0 s . 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I t l t l t c l ) ) ( ) slIt t r l ; i t i o t t s a u t l s i g r r i l i i . ; r rp rt rrlrlislrine vcr)tru'e in tlrc hislor-1'ol t l l o t t u l t ti r r i l t t e t l t : t t i o t u tl c l ; r t i o r r st , l r c ( , a rn e g i c I r r s t i r r r t i o n ol'Waslrirrgl ( ) l l l t t l c l e t o o l \ t ( ) t ' e l ) u l t l i s lu r I l r l e c r i t r n r l l e lo f ' t e x t s i r r l , a t i r r( ) 1 . \ , e l . l p i t ttl:rtlangru.rgcs , ' i t l rl l n q l i s l r t l u r r s l r r t i o r r s rr , or-cler in to r l i s s c r r - r i n u t le rc kttrttvlcrlgc t l t c r t o t t t ; r i t t c r lt o s cl r o l a r . s u r r c lt l r e i r r t e r - e s t c r l i r r i r ll Prrlrlic ( . ( ) t l I l ( t i t l0 sl ' t l r e t t ' o t l c l . ct l l c l 6 t y g r . r r I L l r t c l c rt h e l r r s p i c e so 1 t l r r :( l i i r - r r c e i I l i r r ' l r t l c l - l ) a t i o t u r lP e r t c c ,t l t t ' \ r , o r ( i,t : r r t i l i , L s o f A 1 ' a l a .I l c - l I i ,[ J t ' r r c r - s l r o e k ( i r o t i r r s , [ . c g r r : r n o , I ) r r l i r r r l o l f ' , l { l i r : l r c l , S r r a r . e z ',I ' c x t o l ' , \4rttel, \/ir9r ia, \ \ ' l t c r t t o t t ,\ \ ' o l l f , i r r r c lZ o t t c l t c \ \ ' e r . e p r r l l l i s l r e c l\.\ I i t l t t l r c l l i h r l e t i f ' I h c , l . c l ' t Q ' t to c f ' N a t i o r I s , t l r r i i c l c l r l s{ i r l r r , l r i c l rt l r c s c t c x t s s t o o r l \ v e r . el u r . g c l } , l c j et ' t e r l l x ' i n t t ' r ' r u r t i o r u rrl - e l u t i ( ) n s tIrcor-ists. 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'fhis i s I t ( ) t t ( ) s : t \ / t l u r t p o l i t i c a l t l r e r , r i s t so f i n t e l ' l t t l t i o t t a l t ' e l ; t t i o t t s l r c l i c v c t l u r t t l r c l e i s n o h c l i l a g c i t r t l t c l t i : ; t o t 1 ' t t ft l t t t t r g - l ritr r i t t l e t - t t ; l t i o t t l t l t ' e l i r t i o r r s .I n l i i c t t h c ' v l t c l i e v e t l r a t t h c t ' e i s i t c : o t t s i t l c l l r b l eh c t i t l t g t ' ltr s c : t t l c t ' e c l l t r t t r t g h o t l t t i v r s t v i r t ' i e t Yt l l l i t c r - l l t t t t - c . ' [ ' l r et - c l t t t ' t l t t t c ' e cottstrclltult('c. o ,l ' t < i c s t l r l t l i s h , : c t i t t t o t tl r a s l t a c la t ' t ' g t e t t ' a l l l e Irc'linorvlcrlge 'l'his t l.e t ' a t t s t ' i t t t t ' t - t t a l i o r t a l I c a l l i n t c l l c c t t r : r le g a l i t l u - i u t t i s n l ctinsc(lLtcncc r c l l r L i o r r st l r c o r ' \ , i s f i r - s tc i e f l n e c la s i r l l t x c e e t l i t t g l y L t t t ' cl t t t t l t ' : t t l t c I s l r l ' <tf'ltt'ltitlvell)t'l)t ('fglttlfg, 21)1r1,1 6rf ,' a , l c g l e c o f l l n t e i t r r v h a t c t ' o li'l l ' ( : l I . r r 1r l i l ts it liSillt to llc o t t t l t c s r r l t . i e c t s o t n e t l r i r r g s l i i c l l o l r i u ' e l r : r P l r t ' n s tvlro ( l r c o r i z i r t g tll tltt'ot'izitlg. l l t t ' f l t t t s e c : t , t t c h t ' 1 ' t o i s c l r r a l i t l ' o 1 hr:lrrrl.'l'he 'l-lrc ]f Politit':rl l l ; r s s i t ' ( i t l t ( ) Io o l x , i o r r su e e c l [ ( ) e x P u l ] c l t l r e t r l r r l i t i o t r i i c rl l t 1 ; r i l t r r -tc l ' c s t t l t t : t i l r t l t a s t l t t o t i s t s i t r t e l r t a t i o t u t l i r r c o r p o r a t c tlrc<lr'1,to r ' l t t ,s l t o t t l < l: t r t r l r r : i l i t i r l i v cc t i t c t ' i l t i t t t l i s c t ' i t t t i r t : t t i t trg te t r 1 r 1 t l:tr,1 t 1 t l o 1 t r i : rq tltc utt'ltt lrolitit':rl 1'lrg slrorrlrlltot ltc inclrrtlctl. Itrlokt'tl :il<tttgsitle i u c l , t r t ' ct l t c i t r t c t ' t t l t t i t i t t : t l p l r i l o s o l t l t c l s s r . r c llri s F I o b l r e s ,l { o t t s s c - ' l t t t : t tIt{tc s r t t ' l tr t s( l o l l t l t : t t , l l l i e l r t j r r ri s t s( ) r ' o t i t r s l,' r r l i : r r c l o r 'a 1r r r l \ / : r t t e l ;p t , l c t t t i c i s t s o f ' r l i s t i r r c t i o n s t r tl t ; i s T i r l s t < l \ '\,\ ' c l l s : t n r l I l r r x l c t ' ; lurrcI l I6lrsgp; rvritcr-s sr l il l l c s n ) e ns t t c l t l t s l . i t t c o l t t , l l i s r t r i r r t ' k(,i l a < [ s t o l l e a l o r r qn ' i t l rr l i : ; t i r r e ' r r i s l r c ( lhtrlchill. :rrrrl l i t t l t ' i t i t t ' t ' e s itt t , o t ' l ' t r ( l ( ) Q lhtlt,'tr';ts of'tlie l1)!X)s t l n t i l t l r r :l r c g i r r n i r r g n i t i o t r o l , t l r e l t l a c c o f c t l t i c l r l a r r t l p o l i t i c ' ; r lt h t ' o t ' t i r l i t r t r t t t l t t i o t t : t l rr r-clirtiorrs , o l i r i t l r e c o r r t l i l r r r t i o r irv l r i rh t l t e l t i s t t t t ' rt't { t l t o t t q l t t ( ) l ' ( ( ) l l attrl t ( ' l ) t l ) ( ) t " . 1p - \(,) tl l l : r t i y e t l r c o r ' ) ,r t r i u l r t l t a r ' c t o t t i a l i t : l o t t t t t l c l s t l t t t t l i t t g s I t l t e t t t t t t l e t t tt v o t l t l . l l i l e n l t l l l to o t l t c e t l t i c ; t ll r r r r lp o l i t i c ' i r < r - c s l t o r i r l i r rtg 'I'lrc tlrc lirlt1' r l l o r r , i n g l ! ) l ' r 0l n n c i r l ) t l ) ' l t c e t i c l t t ' i s t t l t t t ' t l f i r t i l r l c c : z r c l tl:i s n r i g l r t p c t ' t l t issilllt'lltr \ , a l t t c s t r t o s t [ i i l t l r c i n r v l t i c ' h , 1'clp's'rlr:torrr', l)lu'1, l ) ()l irr its l l t l t l t c i r t t ' t t s t i u l t t e t l , t o o f i s s t t c c l r o i c c i r r t h c u l t , l e allorvctl r u n a l v s i(sS n r i t l r19 ! ) 2 ) . 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I ' l r c ( ( ) l l s c ( l u e n c c \ \ , i r s t o c l c l t t ' i i , e t l t e n r s e l v e s o f ' t l t e : l r o r v c rl i r l l r : t c l i g l o r r r r r lt l t e o r i c s i n n , l r i t ' l r t o e u r b e c l t l r e i l o t t ' r r t h o t t g l t t . 'l'lrr: rt<'krrou'lcrlgcrn('n sl s t r e s of'torlly t ltu t t t t r ; t t n ' o f ' t l r c p t - e s s i t r g t r ' < ; r - l ic l l l c l r I o n c c l r o l i t i c a lu r r t l c t l r i c ' l r l , t l(s ) t l r e r r rn t ' e < lt < ll r c r t < l t l r ; r tt l r c l r r - r s r v u s \ s t c r r r . r t il tr r t c < l i r r r r l t r r r i c l r o l c <i [n : . r l rorttPlehctrsiv Pe o l i t i c a ll l r t ' o l y , l u t s I t : t l; r r t r r r r r l r t : r ' o tltcot'ists t o c x p l t ) l ' et l r c r i a l r i l i t l ' o f ' t ' l t r i o t t ls lrclieloutttl t l t e o t ' i c s . ' l1 trirtrl)s()( nl ! ) U ? ) : t t t r l[ J t o r v n( l ! ) 9 : j ) , l i r l i n s t l u l ( c , i n r t ' s t i g l t t e : '('()sllr()llolitartisttl' 'r t l r t ' t l r l t r t :o l a n ( l o r r t n t t r t i t i r t ' i a r t i s t irrtr' t l r e i r ' \ , n l i o u s grrisc's t ( ) e ( l i c i ' u l e i i n r l s t t s t a i t il l r s \ \ ' c r ' s l r r r < lt l r c i t ' c i r l r l r c i t i c s to irrtt't't u t t i o t l t l i s s i i r : s o f . j r r s t i c e ; t t t c l r i e l r t s . I ' - r - o s t( l 1 ) ! ) ( i ) I o l l o r v s I k r r r a l t l l)uor kitr's lllctlrorl ol rIr'atr,illg r.rl) i r l i s t o f ' s e t t l e r l l ] ( ) l ' l l l si l l i l r t c l ' l l u t i o n l r l r c l l r t i o r r s; , t r t t It l r e r t i r r t c l ' r ' ( ) u l t c lsr t t r k g r o r r r r ctlh c o l i e s t l r a t : r l e c u r r c l i ( l l i t e s I o r s t t s t l r r t i r r g t l r t : r r ] ; u t i l i t a l ' i l r r t ,c o r r t l l t c t a l i u r t , i r n c l l i g l r t s - b a s c c.l j r r s t i (itlrtiotts. l ,r \ r , h i l t l i r o s t ' so r v r rt l t c o r t ' i s : r r r : r ' s i o ro t f ( ( ) l l u l r u n i t a r i i r r t i s r io I r c t r r l l s l l ( r ( ) r l s t i t r r t i i ' t ' t l r e o r 'c\ l,c l i v c r l [ i o r n i l c g c l . B r o u , r ]a l s o s t r l r s t : r ' i l r c s t o t l t i s c o r t s t i t r r t i t ct l t c r . r r ' r \ r ' l r i t - l t ' c l i r s c st o 1 r ' i r i l e e e i r r r l i v i r l r r a l o sv t - ' t ' ( ( ) n l r r ) r r n i t i c(rls t ) t ) t : L ( ; 7 ) .N r t r - c l i r ri 'l :[ j) l ) r ' ( ) a c l rr v,l r i l cn ( ) t ] ] o r r r t i r l i v c irrtlre ( ) l ' l e c r o r r r r t t e r r c l i l l q ' s l l r t e ' s ' < ' o nl r t rkcs: a t ,t t l r e l l : 1 t r . n ' c s c n s eo l j r r s t i l r i r r g ol o o l t l r c : l s s o t ' i l r t i o rtrl l r t g i r c s l i s c t o t l r t - : I a n , r r n c ln r o l a l i t l ' o f ' l l r e i n t c r ' (r )g : r k c s h o t t ' sc l i s t i n c t i o nb c t r v e e r r rlrtiorrrl t ornrrrrrnitr'.'iAcl;rptir c i r , i lr t n t l cntcr l)r'isc i r s s o c i u t i o nr , v i t l r t l r c i l r u s l r c rt i r c l l ( ) n - i l l s t l ' r r n r e r r t a l rlr r r li r r s t l r r r t r c r t l u ln r l c s , N r t l c l i r r( 1 9 8 3 ) s u g g c s t s l ornu'nrnitV is t l r ; r tt l r c i t r t e r n : r t i o n i r c l r t : s tt t t r t l c l s t o o r ll t s a l i r t - r no i c i r , i lu s s o c i l r t i o n r v l t i c l tl r c c a l l sp r ? l ( t i c a l , ; u ) ( l s[ ) ( ) l ]t l r c i r c t i o r r s irt nlrit'lr tltc r-rrles i u ' c ( ' ( ) l l s t l l r i r r tu ol'st:ites n , i t l rc l i f ' { e l c r r t ct r l e si u c l ] ( ) t i l r s t r rlrlrr,'s r .r r l t r r r t s i. r r t c r c s t us r r t ll r t : l i c 1 i . ' [ ' l i r r r r r i c n t ailt t l r'ovi<lc l r tl r i c r r i r r s gr r l r s t l r l t i v g c o l t l su n r l p r u ' l ) ( ) s e s l ),u l i r r s t c a cp the llantcg o l r l sl l r r r s t t c r ll r 1 i r r < l r ' l r c r r i l c n t \ r o l l . i r r l l r t ' ( ' ( ) l l t c \ t < , f ' t i l t i t l rt l r c v l t r i o r r s \l;rl('\ , ; r t rl ) ( '[ ) l l r s t t tt l . I t r t t ' c l r s i r t u l lrl o l i t i <l t l t l t c o t i s t s ,s t t tl r l s . | o l i r t R a r v l s , l ) l r v i r lN l i l l e r l r r r r [ l i r i l r r t l l u r l t , l r : r t c r r ) l l i c [ ( ) i r (k n ( ) \ \ l c t l g c t h u t t i r e c : o r i r ] r l ] s o l ' i n t c r ' t il , a t i c li t t t l i s t i r r g t r i s l r l r l l r i l t i o r t ; i lr r ' [ : r t i r ) r li 5 u r ' : r ( ( ) u t i r r t r r r t i oo ril'e tlte orrr, , u v c r c i g r t t l ,i i t i z e n s h r l la n c l r l r s os. [ p o l i t i t : i l o b l i g r t t i o r r r l r l r t l i t i o r u rils s r r c . l r i t i c a l t l i l r t r t i r ci u s t i ( ' c ( T h c o l i s t s s r r c l r u s l l a l ) e l ' r l l a s( 1 9 9 : i ) ,( l o x ( l ! ) B l ) . : r r r t Il . i r r k l l t c r - 1 l 1 ) l ) 0 a b t o s t l r r o ( l c r - n i sp to l i t i t . : r l ; ) ; l r r t i - l i i r u r t l a t i o n i r l i sp t l r c o l i s t so I i r r t t ' rr u r t i o r u r ll t ' l : t t i o r t s , s t r tl t a s . fa r t r e sD c l I ) c r - i a n ( 1 9 8 7 ) , l L . I i . . f \ \ ' l l k e r ' ( l ! ) 1 ) : J ); r n t [ . fi r n ( i e o r g e ( ] 9 t ) . 1 ) ; z i n t l p o s l n r o r l c r - n i s t ( '1 9 8 8 ) u n r l l { i c r l r : r t ' c lt :is \\'illiarrr(iorrr-rell1 Rl o r t y , politit;rl llrcolists, srr<

( l t ) 1 ) 3 ) a l l l u t r e c x l r l o r c c l t l r e i l ) ) l ) l i c r ; r l i o r ro si l ) ( ) s t n l o r l c l n i s r r iI i r l l l t e r t i i n t e l n a t i o n : r l l e l a l i c . r r - r1 lr lrtrl c l o r r r i n l r n tu l ) p f ( ) 2 r ( ' l r ets sr,: r l l i c ' u l : r r , r - e : r l i s n rl , lirl tlre issrre ol'hrrnurrr lights.

lleconciliations '['lrr:t'e o f ' a l ' ( , r l ] 2 I r s s l u i]rrt. : ,e 1 . t r . ' 1 r , , l i t i rtlllt c o t ' y ' l i a s , t l r c r t , l r t : c r rs ( ) l l r c t l ] i l r g .{ou, is tlris lir:tiritl'r'crIutet ol intcrrr:rtionulr-elutions[ ro l P o l i t i r : u ll l r t ' o r ' 1 , 'I'lrc i t s el l ? l r r r r < [ : t r n c r r tr al lr r c s t i o r tt h l r t l i r r k s p o l i t i <l l t l r t ' o r ' \ 'l t r t c l t l t t ' l r o l i t i c u l t l t c o l t o f i r r t c ' l ' r l l i t i o n l itl' c l l t t i r ) n ri is ' \ ' \ ' l i . r l l r - c \ ' o t r i ' o t ' , s t ' 1 1 '\,\'lro , r c r l r r e s t i o ro ] l i r l t r r t i t - t ' . ' l ' l ri is lclclcrrtirrllr', a r r rI ? ' I r r o t l r r : r ' r v o l r l s tl s gtl t i s c ; t t r r , l r i lrt l'lrortrtrl:u'ics rr r r t t t l , ' r: r r l i l ' t i ' r ' L ' n n o t s i t t t p l l 'l i < y r r t ' s l i o o : u ' ( i l r o t r t t ' tr s s l r i l l a u t l r o l i t l ' l r n c l l c g i t i r r r l t : t l' r c g i r r r r r t t lc n r l . J i l r : l t t i t i c s t 't s ( s r t c lt ir:j t c l r i l o l i l l l l ' l r o r t r t r l ,t r l t l r o r r u l tt l r c v l r ) l r \ ' i u s ( ) l l l u i r r s t . r r r l u r t i ( ) l l : lil< l e r r t i t l 's )ccrk t o l r c s o ; \ r ' l r c t t l r c vi , r ' t 't , l t c v r t u t vl r t ' r ' o r r r t ' i r t t e g r : t l t ( ) l l l L :i t l er r t i t l , o lr o n r l - r r l i t t q t r : r t i o r t :g r l ( ) u l , s l, t sl o l - u x l l r l r l r l r ' i I r 'rl t l c s t i t r r ' \ 'i r etislavi:( r ( ) ' N c i l l 1 9 1 ) 17 runrI tlre lirr-rtrr, : 7). 'l'lrc t l r r c s t i o r ro l i r l c r r t i t t i s l r ( ) t l ) e l ' r r t r i i l l l u r r l l r ' ; r r r s l t i s t o l irtl . l r i s r c l a t i r - r r u rrl t , o t l t ' l a t i v c , i r r t h : t t i t i s u s l i e r Ii r t u ( ' o l r t c x t o l t o r r t ' c t t t i o t t s l l r r : P o i n t o l t l r t ' r l r r t s l i t ) r rt,l i c l r i t r v i t l ra P o i n l . l l ' o r r c r - l c t s ir,lril tr c l r ( l o \ r ' s o { f . [ . . , \ r r s t i n( 1 g t i : ) , o n c r f u i r r s lrr tlte tcl-llrs u l ) t l r k c '\.\ ' c l i v c o r r r l i v c s ,l r s )u(eqrsts N ' [ r ' r v t r [r' - r ' o s(tl 1 f 1 ) ( is ir o l ' s o t ' i ; t il r r s t i t r r t i o r tts ,r tlre (()r]tLrit 'lrit'lr l orrr irlerrtitl'. i s l r o t r r i t lr r l i r r i t l r r v l r : r t rvc clo l u f ( ' ( ' o r r s t i l r L l i vt tl : \ \ l l r o \ \ ' ci u ' e r l u n <n 1, l r o r l c r l o i t r v i t l r . 'flrc ts ' c ' t , r r r p l i c r r t clrrly f ; t c ' t o l s rlrrestioro - rf ; r t t i r c ' l r n r L l r u r r r l s e l f - i c l c r r t i l its it st r , { l i t t l t ' r ' l t l t t c S .e ' l l - i t l t ' r r t i l i c a t i , r r r , l r i c l rq o l r c l ' o r r r ls e l f - y ) c r ' c c p t i ( ) n l11'those to lrc n,itlrorrL lec'ogniliorr: l'r'togniti,rrr n ' i l l t t l l t o n l o l l L :r v i s l t c s a s s o < ' i l t l e r l;,r r t t l t ' x t c l n a l l \ ' l r y t l r o s c \ r ' l r o s c l' r t l t n o r rl c r l g c t t t c n t o f o l t e ' s ( ) r n c si t t u l l s o l t s o f ' r v r t Y s , : t t r r l (n i c l c r r t i t fi s r l e c n i c r li n r l l o t - l l t n t . I l c ' r o g t t i t i r ) l l r c l : r rL o f i t n r u t ' h i r v c u l l s ( ) l ' t s o f ' < ' o r l s e c l u e l l ( ' cI' n s . o t ' c l c rl i r t ' a r u t t i o n t t r clrrlrlil;'2rsu5tlrt('.lt-rlcrlrrrlllc,totakctlrcrr-itcliaplt,1;o Ns ,t r 'tt' ll ll r tt ' r l e c : ( 1 1 ) 7 ( i )i,t i s n ( ) t ( ' l r o r r g l r tc lr:rs:t t l r l t i t s l e a r l c l sr l e t n r i t t o l r r :s o l r t : r ' . . r r ri s ir g'tf' t t 1 I .t nnlst lrlsolutvc st t c r t l r l S { , \ ' 1 -i1 l r l r r s i tr r l i r l c r r t i t t l r n t l l ) ( ) s s t : s s c c x l ( ) r ' r n rs l.rvr:reienl1 tl ,r , : t t i s , r ' e c o q r t i t i o rltr i ' t l t c t o r t i t r i r r r r i t l ' o fs t : t t t ' s I. t o1 tlrc Llrritt'rl h v u t i o r r sS . r r tl r i s s t i c s r r l u s l l l e r v c l t ' o r r r t ' it n l to tlre t:lrrlr r r rr : r-cltrtcro l , l c o u r s t ' ,t o I h c l l o l i t i c s o l i r r c l t r s i ( ) l l : u ] ( el x c l t t s i o t ti n u , l r r c ' l r : r l l so<'ietics ol t l r c t t o ( i o t t o l t : o s r ] r o c r t g a u c , r r n < [t v l r i t l r t ' r ' i t i r s ,o 1 - r q ; o s ct c o l l t t l e e r l t - s t ' r r t cl r lc l t : ( l l i r l i n t l i r i t l t r : t l st o p o l i t l r n i s r r r ,i n v o k e i r s c v i r l c r r c ' c 'lre:lorig' i r r : r n c Il r c r r r t c ' h o l c r t l o l r i s t o ri t t t l l v r < l c n t i l i l l r l c ( ( ) l ) l r r t t t r t i ( i t ' s . t ,,o n t r - r t r lts l r l r ti t i s : r l n ' u 1u s r r u i l t c lo I p r i , r r i t l ' \ \ / a l z c r( ' l!)85),[irr-exirrtrple t l r c r n s c l v t )r:rj t - r r l r i l r .S t l t t e s t l u r ts o c i e t i t ' s e s t l r l r l i s lrrr r l c st l r : r tr l c f i r r cl l l L l t l l l r es ittc'ltrsion t lt s rtrt<l r l t l r r s c l ) a l t e l n s u i t l r i l r c i r - 5 1 ' 5 1 g ro l l r c t l l s s i t ' c x l . r l c s s i o ro r i' t , i z c r r s l r i lllr r r < tl c t ' ri t o t ' i l t l i t l ' c x r : l r r s i o rlre l a t i n g t ( ) i c l c l s ( ) n s ( ) \ ' e l ' e i g r r tc

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(l.inLlltcr l1)!)2u : 2 ; \ \ ' r r l l i e r l ! ) 1 ) i i :1 7 1 ) ) . l J o t l r t t . t l . J . \ \ ' l l k c l i t r r r lA r r r t l e r v L i r t k l l r t c l t t ' t t t : t t ' lti l u t t l l t c l l a t t e t ' t t s o f i n < ' l r r s i o ri r n c l e x c l r r s i o nt l r t r tl t r - e 'I'ltis ( lll'l'cr)tl1 t r r k c r rf i r r g r l r r t t c t l; r l e l r i s t o r - r c l r l lcl o n t i r r g c n t . ; r o i r r t ,o f ('()ur's(t : ', t r t s l i t t l e i c c r r i t l r t l t o s e t : r r r p i l i c ' : tlll r e o r i s t s o f i r r t c l n a t i o r r a l t'clltlions o l i g i r r s( ) r ' c : z t r r s \ r ' l t ol r rc n o t i n t c t ' e r s t eic r lt t l t e : oe l 's crrrr-err 1t l : r t t e r r - r s I t t t l ; t t ' cn ' l ( ) r ' L c r ( ) r I ( - r ' r ' l ) c t I r rt ' il t r i r c ] ( ) l r s c ( l u e n c :( r le cN s I a t l r l ll 1 ) ! ) - 1 lf :J:i). ()ttt sc'lvr:s t, l r c t t , : t t ' c n t t t l t i - f ' l r c t ' t ea r lr r c li r u ' l r o l e a l ' r ' l r y of soc:illirrstitrr(iorrseclrrerrtt l ll , r l orrl irlt'ntitics. l i o t t si l l e ( ( ) r l s t i t t r t i vo r ,e c u l l s r r l t o n ( ) u r I o , , l t l t \l r t t i t - o r r t r r r i t n t r r rttl,r c I l c t o l s t l l r t s h l P c r r s r r r r r lt h e t l c r r r : r r r r r ls vc t n : t k c u l ) ( ) l io t l r t ' r ' s(,( ) n l e f l o t r t : t c l i i ' c l s i t t ' o lc l i l c c ' t i o r r s th ; r ' \ , u r eo l t c n i r r l z r r r i z a t i o r uL t l r c l i r t t t i o t l t : g i t lo l r l i g l r t i o t ) s(,) r - s t t ' i c : t l t ' < l e l i n e or lg r lr o l u t s , I t t t t o I t c r r i r t t l r r ' l i r r r r r o I r ' o r ] \ t ' r r l i o r u ro l r r r r o r - arl l l i r n s ; r l i s i n e i r t t l r c 'l'lris (()lltrxt of otn' l)rrrtit iprttit,rr in rl l)r-lrctit'e. i s r v l u r t\ \ ' n l z e l t ' a l l s t l r e t l i r i t l t : t Is t : l l ,c l i r i s i l r l c i t t t o i t t t e l ' c s t s : r r rr l o l e si,c l c ' r r t i t i e z sr , n r lt l r e s r r b j e c t r u r r ro l lricct of'scll-< r ' i t i t i s r r r( 1 1 ) l t): f i i r - ( i ) . \ \ r e s t u n c l ,a s l ) i l t l r c y ' ( 1 { ) 7 6 ) ( ) f a s y s t c l t ro [ i l l t e r - t i lci o n s . suqq(rst('(r 1r,t t l r e ( ' c l r t l - e 'l'll('stlrl('ltas tntrlilionlllf in tltc rrrorlcln1-lerior lr l eentlresrrstuirrr,rr'ol t l t i s t ' o n s t e l l r t l i o to l t s i t ' s t l ' r r c t u r ' .si t l ' c ' r r l i t tvo r r , l t i c h t f r ' : t l t t c s . ' [ ' l rlc all orrr s o t ' i l t il r r s t i t t t t i o t tls o o k l i ) l ' s u l ) [ ) o l tl r l s l o l r c s r r s t : r i r r e T c lh . e r n o r l c r - rs rt : t t c i s , o l ( ( ) u l s ( ' ,l t i s t o l i r u l l \ r o r t t i r r g t - : r rrt r ; r r r t : lr r r r o r l c l r rl r o l i t i c : r lt l r c o r ' yo 'l i t t t t : t ' r r : t t i o r r :rrc l l l r l i o r r si s c l i t i c l i l o f i l s c : c r r t l l r l i t ra ' ,r r c l i t s l t l i r , i l c ' e e r l r v h i c l rs t i l l c l o n r i r ] a t e t ] r ( :r l i s c ' i 1 ; l i r r c . l r o s i t i r ) rr]' s I r c c i ; t l litr r l c l r l i s tt l i c o t . i e s 'l l r t ' ( l t t t t ' t : t t t l t i t t lst ,o t v t ' t t ' t 't .l t u t r r st l t t ' s t r s t ; t i r r r : r ' lo l ,o c i i i l tf l I o r r r - r ' r i l t r r l us l r r r r l l r o l i t i t ' l r li n s t i t r r t i o r r s t r r r r l P n r t : t i c c si t i s t l t e t r g c r r t t l r r ' o r r g l r v l r i c l r ) l )t l r c r r ' o l l c s ci t i z t : n s r u c c o l l c t t i \ r ^ l t c t r ) l '(s [ t ' t ' r r c\.\ l l u r t c i ' c lt l r c t l c r r c lr r u r l ' l r c t o t r i t t r I s . t l t t ' t t u t t i tt 't r i i \ s o f t ' t ' s l t o r r t t i r rt g o t h e r r r a i o rc r i s e so { ' < l t r la g c - r t t t (l . : l r r ' L l r t ' I r r t n g c l ' l r r r c [ 1rr,,lilt'rlrtiotr, lrorcltv of'20 1tt,r'ceno t l't[rc t r o t ' l r ls l ) ( ) l r t t l : r l i o t tt,l r c i t t t l r ; t l l r t t ' e i r r t h e e c ( ) s \ s t e l na , ncl irrc.reirsingly t'cpt'cssirc rt'q'irtics l t t t r l t l t c s \ s t er t u r t i c v i o l l t i o r r o f l r u n l L l l r l i L t l r t s ( l l i k i r r s I t ) U 2 ) - \ \ ' o r ' o r t t i t r r r ct o l o o k i r t t i r r r e so l c r - i s e s t o t h c a c k n o r v l c c l g c ru l rrrl I t ' g i t i l n ; r t (l ir t t t l r o r i t vo l ' t l t r : s t ; r t ct ( ) u t : t a s r Lr l c l i l r e l a t i v ea q e l l t i n s r t t i r r u g o r t l s : r t t trll t ' r ' i s i r rlu t o l t t l r i r r t l r c r r r .[ ] r r tr v l r . . r is t tlres()ut'ce of icIt'rrtitt' rlarrs l l r ; r ti s ; r l l l c t o l r c t t l r r ' o r r g l trl r c s t : r t t ' ? . - \ l t l r o t t g lttt : t t i o t t ; tilt l t r r t i t r i s r r l r i s t o t i c l i l l i ' c o n t i r r g c l l t u c t o f s o t : i i rlli f i : , ( ) l l c ( ' l u r c t t t i s l t q ' co i l t r : r ' l i r t i o f ' s o c i u l t : o l r c s i i ' c r r c s s , uclr lis r-cliuit,rr, g t ' r r r I c rt, o l o r r l o l c l t r s sl,r t : i r r u . j r r a ( ) r - s l l ' ( ) n e e l ' oc ne r l t l r i ri r sI sstl'()l]u ssrres. 'lo ltc :t rIi('tttlrc't'of'(llrr'istcrtcto l r l,a t k o l r v o r k i r r g - c l l s su i rr t \ '\ t' , ()llI:,rr ,l l I l t v c t t i : t t l cs t l ' ( ) l r q l l r l i o r r a l i t l , a st l l e s ( ) u l ' c t o < ' l : t i r t tt s( ) t l l r . n s c e n cn cf'rtne's ',letlonri1 - r t ' i t t l \t r l o t r r l l \ l t t t t l i r l c t t l i t l ' . N l r t i o n l t l i t l c t t t i t t ' l u r s , l l o \ \ , ( : \ ' e l P t u r t t ' c l .l ' . r ' c ' rN r I : r r x ' s r r r r t l l ' - r r g c l ' si r r t t : r . r u r t i o n t r l i s e rn v e l t t r r a l l l ' l r : r < tl o l ( ( ( ) l t t t t t o t l l t ttcl t e n l t t i ( ) l l - s t l t e l r t ' s t t g q c s t i r rtg l l i r t t l l c l e v o l t r t i o nr - c c l r r i l c r l t l t r : t t o t ' l . i t t gc l r t s : l i t s r t o ( ( ) r ) ) clr( ) t c l - u I st v i t l t t l r e i r ' , r r v r r r l r t i o r r : rl lt o r r r g t ' o i s i t ' .\ i ' t , r u t t i o t t ; r i l t I r ' r r t i t ti s : r l s o t o o l : n ' g cu l l ( l i r l r s t r ' : r r l l: n t cl]tit] t()

at tilttts ol ctttetqt:tttf it lo l t ' l t l t \ '( l r ' . t t e . r r t - ' r . 1 t lcl r e s g r t t l { ' r r r r r : o r t r l i t i o t u t 'I'6i: , r u s t o l r c s r r s t a i n c t l t Y t t r < l l ' tt'' o t l t ' t - e t t : irlcu ol'rrirtiorurlitll rlcrrr:rpcls. 'I'lttlrttllsott ;t ,t .t fttlt N a t i o nal cottscitlttsll(lss n t s . a t t 2 t ( l r n ) e i n r r n e t c l i a r e ;utcl sl ] l I l s o c ' i i t lt - c l l t t i < ) t t1 o rl t l r c ' o v t ' r ' l a p l r i r r g 6rr tlre firtrrr<[urior lr.e..S, l-ests (19{)2:175). r ' : t l t t c i r l c l i i ' i r l t r : r l s t l r a t c o l ] u r l l l n i r i e s i r n r l t h e ulorrps srrir,ri,r l r e o l r l i g a t i o t t so f l l t e ( . 1 . . fl i c - t s n ril irrtr-r'es t t a l r f i - c r l r r c n t l \(') c ( ' u l - l r e t u , c e t t 3: 1 ',ttt' ltre'11|itttllt'1 l r i < l c r r t i t i t ' s l r r r t r v l r i t < l n e s h a l e s , i r l c n t i t i c s '..r.i.rrs til tlle cii't'ttt-ttl r ( ) t ( ) n l ) , u p ( ) r )t l r t ' c o n t i t t e c t t r - i e s <lcpencls l)ilr-ticplal-tinre I ' r i r r t ' i l l l c sl l l ' u t o l t c . p l ) ( ) r l I l r : t p y t e r r o l p e r s o n k i n t l r i r e u l s 6 l r r r t ,,,rrr.'.r, n r c r l i u t e r l l l y P c l s o r r s : r v h e r r t n r r r s l . t l c r li r r t o t l t t ' s P t l ti l r l c i t ' t t t t ' t l irl\r,llys l t s i l t l t t t Y l ) ) l t ] 'l i ) l ' l t t t o l l t c t ' . v l u r t ( ) l ] c l ) e r - s ( ) l l] ' e q : I t - t I s s t l l ' t L c s 9 [ e : : r c l rr t l t l t e t -o l l l i g : r t i o t ] ' ' l l 1 ' o t t t r v e ' i g l i t : c l l r e l)cr-sotr tltltt llltti()ll:tl c f r l i e r r i t t , r r n r ll r l i , l e i s t l r r - c : t t e t t t ' r I t i s * , l r e r r t l r e s o r r r - r 'o l .l o \ v e v t : t - , r e r l i i c i ( ) r r sr r s p L i c to sl n l t L i o t t ; t l i s t t t i r l e r r t i t l ,l a k c s ( ) l r t l t e p ) ( ) r - rp l[ ts tcrtcletl to lle tltltt 1lt'tlscttlt'c t l r e r r l a c r : e l r t l r l r l cl l c c o f n a l i o r u l l i s r r r l r ' . r s nl i e c l o t r r i c l ! ) ! ) 3 , N l i t t o s t t c 1 l x i 7 ) , 2 t l ] t l ,t v l t c t r i t s t 1 , p i c . arl n l r r r i l ' e s t z r t i o ( Flollsll:tu'Ill (l!)lX)) ttt;tylllN'e lt:rrl r r l r l c r - s t 9 9 r l i r r s t r c : hl t e j o r ' : r t i v et e I ' 1 ) t s , ()\'('l'' s ( ) . t c i r r s t i f i c l t i 1 ; l f b r - s l l g g e s t i l l e t h a t t l r e l t g e o f t t i t l i o r l a l i s t t t\ \ / l t s ' r r l 1 , t g l t e i r p l r e c l i i r t e l l , 1 t ; o y e c l\ \ ' r ( ) l l e r r ' i t l t l t v c t l t q t t : t l I ( ' el.' l r e I ( l s l l l - e c l l l c t ) E r r l o p c , : u t t l c s l t e< ' i l r l l fi t s i t l c l r t i f i c : t t i o t rl t ' i t l t , l ' p t r t i g p u l i s r t ri n l t z r s t c t - n - l l r e n r o r l c r n c t t l r l r . : t t t i s tlto t t ' Q c l t o t : i < l-e l p c [ c t l r r r i cc l e i t r r s i n e ctlrrricity llrt: cllr e t ' o r t t i n t t i t r g r l c s r r t t t : t i v el i r l ' t e o l l r ; t t ' t t t l s s i t l e lurs tlenrorrstr':rtt:t t-'rpetitrrnl tit's ol natiorr:rl irlcrrrirYto tlrc irlt'lrls tll' llolitit al stl.or)[3 liberatiort. llratllrli()llulisrrr i s t r t ' i t h e r - i r r t r i t t si t l l l ' g o < l t l t t t ' b i t r l : l l l s l r t a i pl t a s a r g r r e c f i r i s p e s s i S l e f i r r i t t o b c l r o t l r ( 1 t ) ! ) 5 :2 7 1 ) . B o t h l r o l i t i t ' l l t l t c o t ' 1 ' r t t t < l tlttll' i r t r c r . l a t i e g l l t l r e 1 1 r )l,p 1 , e b e e n c l e s c r - i l r e rl lt s i r t i l t t l v e l i s l i e c l l l e t : z t t t s e : (i).lrt t'el:tliolt t a t i o r r a l i s n r( S e t l t 1 9 1 ) l l 7 l l i l t 6 t h e 6 r . i z ca c l e q r r a t e l t ' a b o u u ltll irlllloItltlltt() nep i t. t l t t l Y e , : r r - t i c ' r r l l t - , i' s sf i r r t r - r ' r r z r t i o n a l j r r s t i ic t o l r . . r t t e r .g t tr' - o t tltt t t t o t - l t ll l t , i t l t r l c l c r - r n i n en , l r e t l r e rr l a t i ( ) n : r l i sitc l e a sh z r v er r n 1 , r ' a l i c l i 1 l f' i 1 1 ,t l r e i l - t r r t l i o t ) it is tl'ue rhat;leoltle otrglrt to i<lcrtlil'1 ' 1 ' r ' i c r v :r v l r e : t h e r i l \ f t i l ' u s i t t t e | t t : t t i o n : t lt - e l l t l i o t l s l i r r r l c l e l i ' n c li t , a r r c ii f ' s o . \ r , l t a tt l r i s r n c e r n s r r . e c ( ) p ( e r . r r c c l '( ' f l r o n r p s o r r l t ) ! ) 2 : 1 2 7 ) . N c v e r - t l t e l c s st,t t t t t ' l t l t o t ' t t ' t r t t i t ' t ' te lltst ttvtr r e l a t i o l ) s c ( ) t ) c e l r t t r a l i z . tcl s lt6litical tIcgr-1,gI iltgr-p:rtiorral ol tlte citizerl,lttttl 9 l ' t l i e l i q l r t s u r r c l, r l t l i g a t i o r r s p ter-rtrs l r r r r r r l r - e) <,le l t r -is c,l [ t r a t . t e t - i z e tilt r si f ' l t t r r n u r t i t y t o t h e r i g l r t s a n r l t l l t l i { - l a t i ( ) nc their-r-elati0n t erslls (l()sll)()V c t ' s u s l t e o p l r , r ' ( ) l l l l t r r r n i t a t ' i l u t i s t tV c'itiz-ens teflt)s,l trlivelsllitt', or cttltttt-ltlt-clltivistrl \Icl'stls p . l i t a p i s n t , l ' r : l t i o l t a l i t yy e r - s t r s ('oll)ell'otn to g|oirrrrl otrI rigltls utttl tlrrtiets atrenrl>ts 1 , . , , n , , rr r- i g l r t s . 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ln(l (()l)\'erltions r ) n ) c l g r ' , : r r t rn l ' l t i r l r g - i v tr l -ights : - i s ct o o t t r s p e t ' i a lr n o r - : r r r t r t r lt l t t t i c s l o r v l r l r l so t u ' I r - : l l o t v t'itizerrsr , rrtcr l v l r i tl r l r a v e p l i o l i l l , o r , e r l r r t y r r c l c c r l ,t l r o s c < l r r t i c s \ \ ' c n r i e l r t l l l r \ ' ( ' t ( ) l r r r r r u r r r i tllr s u r v l r , r l e rl . 1on,:rlcls vi ,l r c i r r q l ) 1 u ' t \t1 I r r r r n l r r r i t tyo r r ' l r i l tr t l r c c r ) l ' r ) l n u l l i t t s r r l r s c - r i l r clrl : () ( ()ll(s ) r rl r r r r n r t rlti e l r l s , : i r - c t t t e t l i l r t e rl lx ' t l r e l r o l i t i c r r il r p p a r ' r l t uo \'cr)ti()r) sl l l ) e l l s ,\ v c l n r . l s t rorrrrrrrrrrit\'()r-rr:rtr io r :ru r, t t c l lt l r c s t l r t e . . \ sN l i l l c r l c r r r i n c l s i l l s t a t c .A n : r t i o r t i s r t r r o t l l r l l i r r t o t l l c t l ' l l ) o f ' t t s i t t g n r t t i o n i r s I s ) ' n ( ) n ) ' n f' l ( ' ( ) u u u r r r r i t to ' l p c o p l t ' n i l l r l r n l l s p i l i r t i o r rt o l r c p o l i t i c a l l l s e r l [ - c l c t e r r r r i r r i n gl.r r t I t l r c s t : r t ci s t ] r r s c t o f p r i l i t i c ' i ri lr r s t i t u l i ( ) n t sl l a t t l ) e ] ' i r s l - r i r lo -c is ; t t l r i c t t : ( N I i l l c r l 1 ) l ) 5 : l 8 - l ! ) ) . l ' l r i s c o r t ' t r t ' r u n i t \ ' - s e r l e l l r trc rc ro l r-alit1 t t t i r i r r t : t i t t clc rI r r l s t t s t l t i t t e cllr,o t l r l i r l r r u t l l l , l r t ' l r c i r r gc o t l i f i t : r li r r l a u ' , : r t t t l i r r l < , n t u r l l tl ,r t ' l r t : i r t g e n r l r c < [ < l ei< rr l s o < ' i l rp l r a c t i c ' c s\.' i n c e r r t s c c s t l r i s : r sr r lolrrr t,1c'rrltrr nta t i o r l r l i s t l r l r r l : r t i v i s n rl r ( ) t i r i r c n t e < [ l i t ' l t o s t - i r r r P e l i a l i s nr()\'rlr1(:rit lr sr,r tc t ' r ' t l i r r l \ ' p o p t r l l t r i z c lrrl r t l r c r n ( 1 ! ) 8 { i i: } 7 ) . ()rr tltc ollrcr lurrrrl, t l r c s o r r r c cr i l ' o u l l i g h t s : r n < lr l r r t i c s is irlentifiecl o t t t s i t I rt:l t e n i r t i ( ) t u tc l o r t t t t t t t n i t l i' r , r t t l r i e l r c l l : t u 'o , t ' ; r sl t r l i c t ; r t ro :['l'ellsol). I t t o l r l c t ' t ( ) l r \ o i r l t ' t t l t t r l l r li r u l r c l i a l i s t t t( t l r e i r n l l o s i t i o n o f r r r l o n r i r r l r n t s l i r t c ' ss t l r n r l a r - r lis ll)()ll lcsslrorrcr-lrrs l t l t c s ) : r r r r lc r r l t r u ' l r l e l a t i v i s r r r( t l r c : tlcrrilrl t l u r t t l r c r c c u r rl r c l n r ' l - r ' l i r r s c r r l ( r rs r itrl ln r l a r r l s ) ,t l r e n r o r ' : rb l a s i sf o r ( ) n o { t l r c i t i s l c s l l r t t i o r r s s l ; r t c s , a l g r r r t [ , n r t r s l t l r t : : r s s ull)l)ti()lr irrrtqinq t l r : r tt l t c l c i s l i r ' ( ) l l r r r l r l r r i o t lf h t r r r u r r r k i r r rfl'.l r i s i s r v l u r tN l i c l u r e ll ) o n e l i r n cllls tlrt^'prinrolcli:rl t ' r ) n u r ) u n i t to l r r r : r n l i i r r r l ' ( 1 ! ) 7 8l : X)). It is ltles t t y r p o s c < tl l r : r t t t t o l u l c l i s tt l t t t ' s e ( l u u l ( ) t y r r o r c c r l r v i t h o r r t s ( ) l n e l r a s i t ' -['lrr'lrlrililertr hclc, lr.V sllrrt:rlr:tlrrcs. s i r ) ( c n t s l r g e e s t si , s t o r - c c ' o n c i l ltl:r c i r l t ' t rt l t l t t t l t t : t ' t t ,, .* , l t t c l t t l l l l t l l ) r ' i e l t t sl l u t t c t ' c t ' t ' o t t e s l t o t t l t l e n j o l , l - r \ ' , ' 1 , ' , ,. l r c i r r g l r r n r u r r rl,u r r I l t t l r c s ; l n ) et i n r e t o : i c k r r o r r ' l c c l g t cl r l t t l r e i l c o n t c r r t l t t t < li r l t l ) ( ) l ' t l r n c c : l r ' ( fs t r l r j c t ' tt ( ) ( o r r t t ' n t i o r r ( l 1 ) t l ( j :5 6 ) . N : r t r r r - l l L r r r v l l r t ' o r i s t so , l t'orrlsc:,:ttkrrorvlctlg t le r i s l r l o l t l c r t r . ' J ' l l c \ ' 2 l la \vlu-c tlrattlre 'e l x t s i c u l r s t t ' : t r tl r l i r r c ' i p l c sg o v c l n i n g l l l e p r - i n r o r - c l i a cl o n r n r r r n i t y , r ,vhen t l l u l s l l l t c ( li n t o l r t t t t u i t tp o s i t i v e l ; t r r s1 1),\ c l l r i r r u s l t c c i l i t ,c o n t r t t r r r - r i t i ets , l,r r - y -flre1'corrLcncl i r r t I r ei r a p l r l i c u t i o t t : t n t l i n t e r ' p l e t l r t i o t i . tli:rttlrelc :rr-e selfe v i t l t ' t t tg o o t l s r r l r i rI r : t l l c ' o n u n r r r r i t i r s lrolclirr t'olrtrrrona , r ) r l r v l r i c l rl r r - c o t r l i r r l e l : r t i ( ) r ) s o t l r c r ' . I n . J o h n \ \ ' i t l r t : a c l r F i n nis's v i e \ \ ,t ,l t r s e l)l-csrtl)l)()scrl g o o t l s u t ' c l i l e , s o c . i : r l r i l i t l 'r,c r i n gP n r c t i t : i l l v r c 2 i s ( ) n ; r b l e c,l e l i u h t i r r : r l t a r t r l I i t r : n r t L u ' rr ', r e s t l r t ' t i tc x l r c l ' i ( ' n (t - . l r < l e s i l c f i l r k r r o r v l e r l e c a , rrrls()nlclirr"rn '['ltcse ol rt'liait)us cxl)r:l'ir:ttrt'. e o o r l s t l l ' )l ) r u ' s t r e t li r r r l i l l e l c n t u , u y s ( l t ) E 0 ) . ' l ' l r e \ \ ' i r )l h a t u ' e s e c k k t r < x v l e r l g el ,u r c li n r l c e c ln ' h u t i s l e r g : r r r l c c al s k r r o u ' l e r l g c ,l l r s c l r a n g c c l r o n s i c l c r ' : r l r l v ovcr tinie. Neveltlrclcss,peollle ,n r l e r , e n t l t c p u l s u c k n o r v l c r l g e l r t ' c l i f l e r - e n tl ) r ' ( ) ( ' e s s eo sf ' r - e l t s o n i r - r ga s ( . e p t i ( 'i s u u r k i r r u z r c l u i n r t o k r r o w . l c r l g ci t r t l e r r y i r t g t l i a t t l t e r - e c z i n l r e r : e l t u i n t Vi n t l r c s c r l l r r t t c | s ;t l r i s r l e n r r - ) n s t | r r t e asc ' 0 r n n r i t r n e n t1 o t l r e V a l r r e o1'krrorl'lcrlge. '['lrt: l r i s t o r i c i s t ,o f - c t ) r r r s e , r u ' g u r ] st l t r t t u ' h c n t h e p r r l s r r i t o f ' u , l t a t i s c ' l l i r n t : r lt o l r c t l r e s l r r r r c vllrre ()\'e : t r r r lf i r n e i s ( ( ) n f c x t r r ; r l i z e rilt r st)lt(:e

sle n s et l t e s a t n et ' l t l t t t : . h 1 , i n k o f i t i r s i n i u 1 1f ,i t n r [ a t t t e l ] t 2 r stt-ailrc s r e r l r r l i t 1 , 1t lt crel, itt rvltttt a t L I \ / e l ' )a l tbstt'ttc ef ' r , a l t t e s A n < 1e v e n i f t l r e l e i s : r c o i r r c ; i c l e n c .o ott c u r l t l t i s l r e s a i c lt o c o n s t i t t r t ea r n o t ' a l( : ( ) t n l t l t l l l i t y ' t v l t i clltra s c ' l a i t t t s \\/iry tv . l t t t l t c t - t t t , t t i t lt t p l t t s i t i t l , e1 ' l t t r i l t t t t t - s s ?l e s c r r r l r l a r r co r r sr r si n < l i i ' i c l t u t l A lls:IS ll ttnttttt iott,irlerrtilt'irrg o l t : l a s s i lt i: u t l r,e s t r ll i c i c r rt f i r r t l r c [ ) u r p o s r ] s nrzry s f l r r r n t ; r r lr> e i n g s l, l r t t s o t t r c t h i n { rr t l ( ) l ' t its l c r l t r i r e t l l t c i n g s ( ) l ' ( ' e l t i l i l tt ) 1 l l e o of llcttlllt' t o r l c s i g n : r t es ( ) l t l e t l r i n gl r sa s ( ) c i e l \ ' ( l l ' (( ) n r n n u t i t \ ' , . Ic o l I c c ' t i t l t t tltlttottt' f o t c x a t t r l ) l c ,i t r Q t l c s l i t l r n l r i c ' h t r ' cf . e e la c e l t u i n s o l i t l a ri t t ' .I { o t ' t \ ' , 'otre - otrl sr'llse ialctI o 1 ' r t s 't,t ' i t l ti t s t t s s o t o f ' o t h e t ' sl r e i rr g s c l )s e o f s o l i t l ; r l i t y l t c l i c f . s- i s l t i s t o l i c a l l y s l t c r : i l i c a r r c l c k r e s r ] ( ) t t l ' i u I S C t e l )t(i lt t i e a t r t l i r t s t i o[' t r r t i o n s . S t r rl r b t : l i e f i , e v c l r r l h c n t h o s e r v l , o l t o l t l t l t c n t l t l c ( ' ( ) t l s c i o t t s tl-c a c ' t i o t t , : t l t {tl ' t ' t : t lo I i l r s l l i r i r r q c l t l r i t l l l eo l t - c g t t l : r t i t l g t l i c i r c o t i t i l l Q e l l ( r )''.1 t t[ -< - f i t l c r t L i t l ' c ' e t t t t - to p c o l t l e t o r l i c t i r l t h e n r . H e c l e n i e st h a t r r s c r ) s ( o Li ) c u s c ' u l l l ) r l \ I t rt l t c s ; i t t t e l ) ( ) \ \ ' ( ' t ' t o I t l o v t ' l i t l t h c r - e l e v a r )f Irrrnr:rnit1,as ( ,o - l l u t i o t u r l s ,t ' e v o ] t l l i ( ) l l : i l ' \ ' rvith c'o-r'cliuiolrists : lr s s o l i c l l r r i t l , irrcIivirlrrtr stl' l t c t l cs t r,: .I l e a r g u c s t l l a t ' ( ) u l - s e l l s et l f s o l i r l a r i t r i s s t l ( ) l l t - t ( ' r c'orrrr-acle s e x l ) f e s s e ( l: r r e t l t o t t g l i t o l l t s " r t t t e o l ' t t s , " t l r o s e u ' i t l r u ' l r o n r s o l i c l r r r - i tiy lttcltl tltlttt tltc lttttriattI':l(-e. s ( ) m e t l r i n g s r t i i t l l c t ' a t r cIlt r ( ) l - c tvltele "us" lne2ilrs 'I-hat s l r e i s u r h t r r n a t r l r t i t r q " i s l t r r , e : t k ,t t t t c ' t l t t t ' i t r c i t l g is u,hr'"lrecrrrrse t > ll r g e l l c l ' o t t sa cl i t t t t ' ( I i o r t y 1 ' ) 8 ! l :l 9 l ) . exlrllnartiorr t ()tlfcc ol ttt<lt':rl T l r e i r l e a o l n : i t i o r - r a li c l c n t i t ) , ,n r r t l o f ' t l r e n a l i o t i 2 t sL -s o l r l i g u l i r i n , i t n c l e v e l l i I s t l r e l o t r t r c l a t i o t t o f ' o l r l i g i t t i o t t t o ( ) l l c r ' s( ' ( ) ll r t t t t ' t ; t tr ti g l r t s ev i t l r t l r e i r l e i t o f ' r t t t i v t : t - s l t r r : t t i o n l i l s ,i s r r o t i t r c o r r r l t z r t i l t l r l ltc i expt'esse<l r) f ' . ' ( ) n ) l ) l l t i l r i l i t l ' t ' l t ll .r r t t h e i c l r : :( to lrrrrnarritl, i r r r r lo l c l r r l i t , s ol'tltt'stltttr l t:trrtlittg : : r l i s s t r ei s t l r e l e l : r t i v et t r o t ' : r s i r r r l i l ' f ' c l e n t\ \ ' z r ) , s . ' l ' l lrte a n r l g l o l t a l s o c i e t l , :\ r , h c n t h e o b l i q a t i o n : ; t l r e t ' c I i t : t i l t ( ' l t l ' e i t t c . o r r f l i c : t , r rl r i < lr lr:rs p r i , r r i t ri F i l s t , r v c I t i l v t : L h e v i c r v t h : r I l r r r n t a n l i q h t s l ] l ( ) \ c t t t l r t v i t t ' t l sl,i ' o t t l l l t t : l l l t i o t r , l l t t c lt h r o t r g h t h e t t a t i o r r { i r l t l 1,, , t l t e s e l f : c l e t e r r t t i n i n g cr()lrlnlullity . lris is tlre ltoint tltltt \\'lrlzcr-is t h e i r r L e l n : t t i o n a l c o n t n - t t t n i l r 'T expression ir-r i lll ( ) L l l c: l t r l r e r l t l e < t 'l ,t e t 1 ' 1 t t tllltnr:rxinral ntor-.Ility rrrakingrvlrcrl rt t : a t ' g r r e s rv , l l i cl r ttttit'et'slr l lt r t r t i t t t ; trlt r o r - i t l i t 1 a n c l s o r i a l l t r a c t i c e s ,p r e c e c l e s socit'ties tvcll i s i 1 { i c t i l l t s t l i r c l e r lf i ' o n r t l r e l i r l r t t e r ( l ! ) 9 4 : l 3 ) . E l e a r t o t ' l { o o s c v t r l t v l t s htttn:ttt l t r t c ls l t s t a i t t i t r g in rrltlrolclirtg of the lole of'tlre conrnrLrrritf n\v2rrc '\,\'lrerc, liithts lrt'gin? u l t e t - a l l ,d o t t n i v c t ' s i tllt t t t t t t t t t 1 . i g l r tr sv l i e n s l r e : r s k e c l : hirrrtotr l!)9ii: 8li). A scttscol I p s n r a l l p l a c ' c s ,c l o s e t o h o t n e . . ' ( N , l a t l t a t i ( ) n i r l i r l e r r t i t y e n r l t r a c e s r r n i v e t ' s a lc ( ) l l c r i p t s ,s t t c h : t s l l i l t t l r 2 l l l i q h t s a r t r l 'l'hc l :ttiotts [ ] r - r i t c cN (Elslitain 1995: 27l). tlre light to sclf:cletern'Iir)ation ( l c l v e n a n t so n ( l i v i l a n t l l t o l i t i c a l R i g h t s , a n c l o t r E c o t t o t t t i i ' , S o t i : t I a t l c [ (lrrltrrral I{ichts ntaintain self-clcter-nrination a s z rl i r r t r l u t t i e t t t i t l r i e h t o l a l l p c o p l e s . l ' h i s r v a s a s s e r t e c la s a h r r n l a r - rr i g h t i n l ! ) t j O t t ' l t c t t t l r e ( l e n e r - a l A s s c n r l t l l ,t i ( l o p t e ( l t h e l ) e c l a r 2 l t i o n o n t h e G r : r n t i n g o f ' l n t l e l l e l l ( l L ' l l c e t ( ) ris is ( l o l o n i z t l ( . l o r r n t l i e s: r r r r lP e o p l e s ( l i . e s o l t r t i r r r r 1 5 14 , X V ) . l ' . 1 1 ' e c t i v etl ly
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r c k n ( ) \ \ , l c ( [ g r ) r rn )e t t l ] l l t l ] a t i ( ) n r r ls c l f l c l e t e r - r n i r u t t i c i s n tlre conrlition for r f t l r e n z t t i ( ) rp c n i , - rilr r u o t l r e l l r r r n r a nl i u l r t s . I i r - e e r l o no ) l e c e c l e sI i c e c l o r t io { ' t 19!)7)ar-qrrcc tlrc irr<[ivitlrrrr I lJ.c r r r a r l [ ] o s a n c l r r c ( nl e a l l l ' c i g h t ; ' ] ' e a l ' sl jg o t l t ; t t 1 - r i r l r i o t i s rrrvra s p c l f r : c t l \ ' ( ' ( ) n ) l ) r r t i l ) l r ev i t l r l i t r r r u r r r i t u r i : r r r i s n r , : r n r l i r r < l c t ' rtll r e s r ) u l c r c a r r t ls u s t l r i n c lo t u l l t h i r t h l r sb c e n e l e v a t e r lt o t l r e s t i r t r r o s1( i r c e t t ' s e x i r n r p l ei n r r r r i v t - r s lllr r i r r c ' i 1 - l l c t l r i s l r c l i r l l o u ' i r r g ' f . I I . In u ' a s s. l r t ' l i c v i n gt l u r t l r r r r l r ; , rlr)rr ' ( ) g l c s lsu r s c o t t s i s t e cilr t r t c ' o t t s t - i o r t s r t r o :s f 'sr rg o t l r l u l r i r ' l r t l r r ' l r c r s o u l r o l r l s i l ) c ( ) n ) r n o r r v i t l r o t l t c l s . TN l y r v e i l - l r e i r r g is rrol I t ; t t t s i t o r vi r r r r li s l r c l r l i n c o n t r t t o n u ' r t I tl I g l ' ( ) u l )o f p e o p l e \ l ' l r o s e n,ell-lreing rl i c s l r r r r c i s t a k c r rt o l r t , t l r sn ) \ ' ( ) \ \ ' l r:,r r r r li r r r v l r i c h I l t r r ri n t e r e s t e r lb 1 ,t h , ' r ' " r ' t ' l l t ' t t l u i tI ; i r r r i n t t : r ' c s t r ti lt r r t r t s c l l l.n o t l t e r ' \ v o r - r ln s],\ ' 1 y g l l - l r e i n ag n c l t l u t to f l l t r g r o t r P l t rc : i l r r t o s t incrlt ic:iblc,.\ntcttrtics t l u r tI L r a r e to lrtrnrirrritl'lrrisc l x t c r r s i o r lo r - r v i < l e n i r l e lrtr:irrrsc o l ' l r q r a < l r r i re c r ( ) n c e l ) t i ( )o l r1 - t l r o s c lteolrlc I lrrrrl r c g l r rt l l r si r r c l r r r l t ' riln t l r c c o l l l n ) o n g o o r l . I t i s t l r c r e c o g r r i t i o n r i { r ' r r o r e n l ( ) l ' c l l c o l r l t ' r r s( ) i l r r r r : i g l r l r o r r r s ; . r r t r tl l r e i l i n t l t r s i < - rin n tlte nroral c()nlr r t t t r t i t l ' t l r : r t g i r t : s r i s c t o oo t lt r tl i g l t t i o r t s t ( ) \ \ " , u ( t s t l t e m . A s ( ) r ' e c n s a l ' s , ' l t i s , u t t l r c p f : l c t i c t r lr u r s \ v e l ' 1 o r r o t t h e s c r r s co l < l t r t 1l o a r r c i e l l l r o r r r 'b llre ( l t r ( ' s l i o r r\ \ ' h r . r i s n r 1 ' n c i g l t l r o r r r ? t h a t h a s \ ' : I f i e r ( l '( ( i l e r e n 1 | i 9 1 ) :2 - f7 ; []ottchcl It)l)l). -I'hc c o s r r r o l r o l i t u r t(,) n t l t e o t l r e l h a r r r l ,\ r ' l r o t u k e s t l r e i n d i v i c l r r a l r s t l r e s r r l r j c c tr i l ' a r r n i v e l s ; r ln i o r - a l l a w , - u ' l r a t I l c i t z c a l l s r n o r - u ro l r-etlrir:al ( ( ) s r l l ( ) [ ) ( ) l i t a r r i s-r ni s r r o t t l r e r - r b 1c ' o r n n r i L t e r lt o a n i n s t i t r r t i o n a l c ( ) s l r ] ( ) 't'hc 'is k e v i r l e u l } c l e , : r sl ' o q g e s u g g e s t s , t l r a t l r o l i t l r n i s n r( 1 1 ) ! ) { :l ? l - i r ) . c v c r \ l r r r r n ; t r rl r e i r r g l u r s l r g - l o l ) r i ls t i l t r u - ea s u l t r r l t i n r a t e t r r r i t o f r r r o r a l ' l t ) t ) - 19 ( ( ) l ) c c l . l t( : 0 ) . T l r t ' i c l c ao f ' a g l o l x r l n t o r - l lc ( ) n l l n u , n i t l ' o h f unt;trritl' c l o c s r l ( ) t l o g i r : l r l l 1 ' ; r l e c l t t c l ct l r e c l i v i s i o n o f t l r e n ' o l l r l i r r t o s r n a l l e r , lu<ltttirtistrativcrl n yu n u g c a b l e t r n i t s i r r n ' l r a t c r e r -l l o l i t i c u l f i r r n r r n a 1 ,b c r t t c c r n t : < ln l ( ) s t : r l ) l ) r o 1 - l r ' i i r s tc tu ; t c s .I ' e c l c r ' : r t i o r re sr,r r p i r c s .1 - y , p i c a l l iyl r t l r c t t t o r l t ' t ' ne l a l l t l t t t t n i t l r i r sl - l c e nt l r r s o v c r c i c n s t a r l r , riften coinciclingu,itlr o r r t l r c I ) a l t ( ) f i - l( : c ) l l l r l l r r r r i t l ' l i r rn i r t i o n z r ls e l f - c l e t e r rrclesir-e tninalion.'l'lre t l u r t t l r e N a t r n ' i r l l , : r n ' t l r e o l i s t n r a k e s l r c t h : l t t l r e c l i v i s i o t ri s n o t l.roittts : t l t s o l t t t c ,i r l r ( [ t l u r t s t : t t e sr r r e r t r e r c l \ l t ) ( ) l ' c c o n t ' e r t i e r r t r t c l r r t i n i s t l l t i v c ;rl)l)lu':rtlrsc [ (s) s r r s t i r i n t l t c c ' t l r n n r o re r o o r l o f t l r e c o n l n ' l r . u r i t i ets lrcy set'\'e. 'l-oqctltel l l r t : s es t u t r s i r r t o - o P e r ; r t i o r rl v i l l r e : r c l ro L h c l s e r v e t l r e c o r r r n r o n g o t t t l o { ' l t t t t t t l t t t i t l ' .I t t s t t c h : - t i ' i e t y t l l e r r t li S ? I t t6 \ ' t r t - l aifp g t l t . r e s p 6 t t s i l l i l i t i e s , t l c l t r t i e sn r a y ' l l r t r ' sr , ' i e l r t s : r n c lo l r l i g l t i r l r t s . t r r t r l l r I s ( ) n r up o i r r t r r ( - ( ) r ' r f l i co l l i s c l r c t r v r c r r( ) l l e ' s o l r l i e l t i o n s i 1 su c i t i z c r r : l n r l a s a p e r - s o n . 8 ! \ ' l t e l e t l r c s t i t t e i s s e e r tu s t l l e l x r s i c r r r r i t i n i l l t e r l l a t i o n : r l r e l : i t i ( ) l i s , tllisi S . r r r : hv i e n s : t l e rloes ttot plecltrilc llre iclcaof'arr international mor-alit1, of ittt inter.rration:ts l ocielv o{'stalesrvlricli,in tlrerir e x [ ) r e s s e ( li r r t c r - r t t s r - c l u t i o n sr v i t l t e : r c : ho t l r e r ' ,l r ; r v e l r o t l r u r o r a l l i g h t s n n d r . c s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . sf inter.national 1311 S o v c r c i g n s t : l t t : s; u ' e t l ) c s t r l r . j e c t o :, t, r t c li n r l i v i c l r r a l s ure -lir its obir:r'ts. rrpholcl u plirtciplc of inter-l'enticln opens the rvay lirr'

' fi l s o l ' o t h e r s o n t l ) e irrterl'er-ence bl' firr-e i q n s t a l e s i n t h e < l o n r e s t i cz r f a l ) r e t e x t s .( ) r t e r n l r l , c : a l lt l r i s t ] r e l c g a l s c u p t i c a l r))()sL Icnu()uso['rrror-al ( ' o l r s c ( l u c n t i a l i s to r ' p l t r r l e r r t i r , r . lj r r s t i l i c i r t i o no l l t r t i n t c l r r : t t i o t t a l s 1 ' s t e t t t l x r s c r l( ) n s t l r l c s .A l t e r r r : r l i v c l l ' t ,l r c a c l i n o n ' l e r l e c n t e r ro t l s o v c l c i q n t ) 't t u t \ e r r l l t i l r r r t r t r r a l - c s l ) c ( ' lt i r l c : r c ' ho t l r c r - ' sr u i t r r l l t l r - i q l r t sr t s ' n l ( ) l ' u l i r r r l i u r r r l a s r r l r s c r i p t i o rtro t l r e p l i r r c i p l c o f ' r t o r r - i r r t c l v e l l t i o ni s : t t t virlturls', '['lrt: ex l l l c s s i t i r r o f l t : s p e r : t I o r - t l t c s c r i g l t t s . e t o t t n < l o f t l t c t t t o tr t l o l r l i u ; r l i o ni s t 1 ' l r i c r l l y lrinkcls;.is ['ttIetttlot'1. Nirtttlal[.irrr'irs r t t c l t c , l : i s s itc o l ' s t i r t c si t s c l f ' , anclnot tlte take tlre s)'steln \ \ k r l l f ' : r n < l \ / : r t t c ll.] t r t ( ) n L ' l n : l ) / cl( ) l n n r u r l i t l 'o f ' l r t r r r u r n i t \ ';,r s t h c s o e i c t y o f ' s l t a l e r l v l r l r r c s rrrrir,ers:rn l or-ur 1l'0rtrvlric'lr nor':rl a r q l r l l r ( ' l r tc r i u l1 r | o t : e e t l . \ , \ / l r i r te l n c l e ( ' s l r o r r r t l t c u l ) o v c c l i s c t t s s i o ni s r t r t t t t t ' l t l t : s s c l i s t i r r t (l) l r n t t t r n i t n r i r t t t i s t rltu t itt tnttclto1 t l i v i s i o r rb c t \ r , r ' c n c ( ) s r l r ( ) l ) ( ) l i t a n i s r r r ; u():( 'I-lre fot trs rrl)olr itlcrrtitt'r'et'cals tlutt ltn tlri: litelattrr-r tlics to plojec:t. ltrtvaltteol l t t r l e t e r c ' t i q t i i z i t rtq crrrl;lursis ul)()lrrrnivclsalisnr loes ll()t l)l-e( rr sg c n t s( ) l t l r c r l i t i o r r , t l r c s t a t e ,l n c l o t l t e l l ) u l - t i ( ' u l a l i s tiirt r s t i t t r t i o n s , ; l 'l'he jrrsli<'c. 1 > atri c u l a l i s t i c n r o r ' : r l i t i e s: t r ( ' r l e r i v e r l I i ' r l u r t l r c r r t t i v e l s l t l ()rr a n c n t p h a s i s t r p o t r t l r c c o n s t i t t r t i v el l a t u l - ( l 1tr-irrciplcs. tlre ollrcl ltarrcl, ol tlre rurtion rloesrrot lrreclrrcle r r n i v e l s : r l i s n rb ,trt tlre rrrrivelsan l roralitt' c r - i v c rl t - o r nu i s , t o u s e t l l e t c l - n r so f ' \ \ ' a l z e r ' ( 1 9 ! ) + ) ,a t l ) i r t r r n i v e t - s u l i s rrrlr l (ogttitiort o{'tltr: In sl,r e r e i s , a r : o r t ' r n l ( ) lrc tlrit'kpar-ticrrlar-isn r.ollrer'\vor-clt a s s o c ' i a i i r - r na sl,t r l l l ( ) t e v c ' l ta t t r o t t q l l t c ntoral siurrilic'unt'e of ltar-ticrrlaristic valitlitl'o1' l l r c o l i s t s i s t l r r : r e u c ' o r n n t i t n r e n tt o L l t e i r t t t n r t t a l r l e c()nstitrrtivc nc ( ' o u n i t i o t to l T l r e r e i s l r r : r ) ) l ) n l ( )r l r si t c ' r r r - r - c l l e tlre nirtion-statc t lx yi s t s . sl t l r e p o s s i l t i l i t r , ,; l r ) { l e v e l } t l r e r l e s i l u } r i l i t r ' ( n i t l i c l i ff ' e l e r r r t< l c g t ' e r c o t e l ' o r r t lt h e s l i t t c . e n t l ) u s i a s n r ) ,o f . c x t c r r ( l i r r gt l t e n r o r - a l( ( ) r I ) r r t t r r t i tlv

States ancl Beyond t h a t , n ' l r . ' t h e r ' f l r i r n a rs o - c a l l c t l c : o s n r o I lvurrt in this set:tiotrto illrrstr':rte polit:rn or c()nulrurlitari;rn staltinu-poirlt, tlre sllnre en<l is clesirecl: r r i r r n c ' l i '? , u ] e x t c n s i o r r o f t h e n r o l i t l c o n r r r r r r r r i t t ' t l r i r tp o s i t s l r c e t - t u i t t i f l e t - e r r c -a er t r l rlr:gr-ce of'rrnir,t:r'salisn rv r, l r i l c a t t l r r s l u ) l c t i r n c 1 - r l c s c t ' r , i tttlg br1 ' n , l t i c l rl l r e I l. t x v e v c r ' ,i t i s t l i e r t r e r : l t ; r n i s n l-esl)erc l itl r - t l i v c l s c i r l e r r r t i t i e s c x t c r r s i o r rt a k e s p l a r : er v l r i c l r l e n r a i r r s 1 r ti s s i l e :n l i c t l t e r , l i r l c x a t r i p l e , t l r e t l c r t r) / l l { o t t , , , ' ss l t t l s c l l t i l n c l t l l I l rt ' r - a c \o l l l c i u t s i s l l r : l r [ ' s ( : ( ) s l l ] ( ) l ) o l i t a rc s l o l i e s . I w ' i l l l > t ^ u i l l b 1 , 1 , , , r * ' r ) q i r t N ' l c l r ' 1 ' nF r - o s t ' s c o n s l i L u t i v e l l t c o r - 1 ' , 'l-ltost: i r'ounclctrr-r'crttl) a' c c c l ) t c r l i n t c r t t a t i o n l t l n ( ) l ' t I l s . r v l r i c l i l r e r r s e st < -e l ) ( ) l ' l l ) s ,i n t l r c r n s e l v e s ,c r r r l r < l c l y e ' l c r r t e r t t ss . rrc l r 2 r sf e s l ) c ( . t f i n - l t t t t t u t t t I tlren gir otr to tlistttss r i g l r t s , r v h i c l r l u r v e : l r r r r i v e l s i r l i st t' o r n l ) ( ) l l e l l t . r l e v e l o l ) s( ) u t o l ' t h i c k r t t e n l l ) t t t i s l r o u rl i o r v t l r i n t t t r i v e l s a l i s r t t \ \ / a l z - e r ' ':s p a r t i c r r l a r i s n r . F i n a l l y , f i ' o n r L i r - r k l a t c r ' ' st ' r i t i c u l t h c o r y p e l s p e c t i t , e n t t t l l l o r t y ' s p ( ) s t l l l o c l e r n i s n r ,I s h o r v h o r v t l r e y l r o t l r e n i p l t a s i z e l h e l t i s t o r - i c i t 1 ,

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o l i r l c n t i t i c s , u r r c l t l r c r l c s i r u l r i l i t l 'o l ' t l l l l s ( L ' l l ( l i n g t l r r ) s c t l u t t ( ' u l ' l ' c l l t l ) 1 l r o l < [ s r l ' u l l l v n t ( ) l ' ( ]i n c l r r s i v e c ( ) l n r n t t t t i t i c sl t e l t l t o g c t l t c l l r y ' a s t l ' c r l g tlrerrcrs l c u s eo l I t t t n u t t rs o l i c l l r r i t l . tlre llitsir tttrit itt N l t ' r ' r t r r[ i r . o s t( l ! ) l ) ( ) ) i s c o r r r r r r i t t e rtlo t l r t ' s t u t ( ' : . t s ltsgivcn, attrl l vslcrtt t l r c i n l ( ' r l l i l t i o n z ts i r r t c t ' r l r l i o r u rllc l l r l i o r r s .I I c t l r k t : s n r ) r ' r 1 r s ; . r s s ( ) r ' ir avtitt:h r li t a r r r ll l t t - g e l t ' a c c e p t e r l tlics to irlt:rrtifl'llre scttlcc[ lrt,its rncnrlrcls.IIe tlren sceksto cstublish:r backgrortnrl tlieoly tvlriclt in thc clil'ficrrlt t ' l i n l r c r r s c r lt r . , . j r r s t i t l l r e s ct r o l r n s a n c l q i v e s o t n e g t r i c l l t n c c the rls rat,clcsqritc c t l r i r ' : r l( u s c s i n i n t c l - l u r t i ( ) n i r l e l l i t i o r r s .F r o s t r r t . . r i n t : r i r t [ i r l e t l t i c u l t l t e o r1 'o l t r ' h i c l i l t l i i l o oI tlrc kirrrl ol'fotrnrlirtiorrs lulrscnt'c s o l t l i c r s ( ) l l ( ' c r l l c i t r n e t l , r r r o l a l l l l g r n l l ( ' l l l r r ; l l rs t i l l t r r k c l l l i t < ' t ' l,t n c l n i r t t ' a l l I ' . r\t\ ' c f l ' o t t tt l t e p t ' e t t t i s ets t'orrrltrsir)lc ls l u r s t i l l l l c l c l r <l r t ' r l ,l ) \ r c r t s o t t i t t g l r o l t l i r r ( ' ( ) r ) u r r o r lr..i k e t l r c N ; r l r r n t ll - : t t vt l t e o l i s t , l r e l r c l i c v c st l t a t . ' t( : ( ) r ) l l t o t ' c l c t - f o t ' t t t o t r ta lr-gttr r r r r r r i to v f s l r i r l c r lr ' : r l t r e n s i u s t l r r ' l r r c s t t y r p o s e it r tltc , orr'evt^i r ) ) c n t t o t l l L e :p l l r c e ' U rr ,r l t c l i c v i ] l gt I u t t , f i t t ' I i ' o r r r . c r I i f ' f c r sh ('()nlr))rrrrio ty r r i r r g i r r c l t ' p t : n c l c ro t tI t l t c t n o c l c l n i z - i r t g s t i r l es ) , s 1 e r 1 l , f ' r ' l t l r r e ls u , l t i c ' lt t o t - t n l r l i t r i t i s t l r i s s v s t e ' r irtrs c l l r r ' l r i c l t l r o r i t I c s ' t l r e i c l i o n rr r ' i t h i r r 1 9 ! ) ( i : ' e t t u t t l c f i r r -a 8 5 ) . \ \ t l r : t l e v e r ' tiler.llncnt t:rkcs1-l[;rc.( c' 1 t t ' o 1 - r o s lu t lts l \str:rn h e r . ct t i [ r t :n u t c t ei r r t l r e n t o t l e t ' t t n r o r l i t i t ' r r t i oo r rt ' t l r c i n t c r r u t t i o r u r s tlrcvocrrbttl:tt'y'{ott l u r t r t l r t : a t l fi r r - o r i t l c s icliorro r f tlrc st:rtc, tlrerliscotrrsc 'e , c ( ) c ' n i t i o ro i l o l l r : ' s s t l r t e\ \ ' i l l r i r rt l r e i n t c t - t t . ' t t i o n l t l rlis< r r s s i o r rl.' - o r I . - r ' r ) sl t i s r o n s t i t t r t i t ' c o [ ( ) r r e ' sl r e e r l o r n . I i l t l s t ' s \ r , l t o l ei t p y r t - o i t c ' l i s \ s l en ) ( ) l s t r r t c s lu t l r r r s : r s s t r r r rte s r t t l r e l e i s n r r i r r t e l ' l l ; r t t o t t itt:lo t t t t t r t t t t i tl lr,e l ' o t t ctl l t e s t l t t c . - o t i t i r t s t i f ' . j i r s t i c ci r r \ \ ' l r l z c r ' ( l t ) 8 : l ) r ' e f i r s c st ( ) g r ( ) u l l ( l o r r r o l c l i n l i r - 1n , l e s e l to t ' i n ; t l i e t u t b l e : f i r n c l u r r r c n t ap l l i n t - i l r l e s : r sc r I r u r l t l e r l t n t c ] n t c srrt:lr x s t h e p r o c l r r c to f 1 r : t r - t i c : r t l : t r l i g l r t s . \ ' \ ' es l r < l r r l c l , r e c o n t e n c l s ,s c e . j r r s t i c e ( ' ( ) n l n r r r r r i t i c s i r l c r r t i f i l l r l e t i r t t c s ,i t r t c lc i r t l l c c ( ) t u r t so l . j r r s t ic a t t 1;olitical s l r o r r l cb l e c r ) r r s tu r c t c ( l r v i t l r i n t l r e t c r l l ) s o f l c t ' c l c r r c er l i c ' t a t e rll; y t l r c s e ( ( ) n u l l l r n i t i e s .\ \ ' i t l r i r r a l r l ' s o c i c t \ ' ,I ) i u ' t i t ' r r l l r r ' ll itb ' e r - a ls o r - i c t i e s t, l r e r e i s i r tr-itct-iu c l i s t r i l l r t i o n i s g o v e l n e c l l l 1 ' r l i f f i : t ' e t tc i : i l i r t l ' o f s o c . i ug l o o c l sw ' l r o s e ()rni n t l r c i r - r - c s 1 r tt' irv c s p l r e r c s c i f ' : r r : t i v i t l ' 1 . l r ) \ \ ' c v e r 't,l i e r v e l l - k l l ( ) \ ' \ / c rt r r r r r r r i t a r i : u(rt r r ra t t l i l r r r t i o r rr v l r i c h h c l c t t o t t n r : e s ) i r r l r i s f : u r t o t t sl t o o k o t r l o r r l c r l tt ( ) l t t t t t t i l t r irrtt:r urtiorrar t t t t i t t i t t u rc l t ' l a t i o n sl r e g i r r sl 1 1 ' l r o s i t i r rrg l2 3: ()).'flresc l i s l r t s , t l r c r r r r i v c r s al li g h t s o f l i l c u r r r l l i l r c r - t 1 ' ( \ \ r : r l z c r - l ! l ! t gl r o r r r r c lt l t c r t t ,r v l i c t h e l n u t r r r ' l l o t ' i t t t ' e n t e r l , of-llo\r'\r'c r i g l r t s ,i r r c s l t c c t i v t : 'l-ltcl' l t l e i r t ' c r l e c t t t a l r l yl 'r ruc l)lut of nllrt \\'e nlclul lrt lrrirrg lttrrrutrr. r . r p ( ) tttl r e lre arttltor-it1'of'thc s t : t t cl - e s t s f c t r t r r l co l ' ( ) u l ' n ) o l a l r v t i r - l c f l. (()llscrlt ot'tlrosc rvho lravc arrthor-izcti lt to act in tlre inleles{s ol - f ' : t c o u t u r ( ) l t \ v u y o l ' l i f ' e, l t l o t c c : t i n g t h e i l l i e l r t s . T l r c s t ; r t c i s t l i c s t t s t u i t t e to l,lriclr it pl'otccts trsainstorrtsitleintclf'elcnce. In so fal as it firllils its r lt a t u s . ' I l i i s e n t : r i l st l t e s t a t e i t s e t l f l)ut'p()scl:rss : lt l r t e ,i t i s l ' o r - t h v o f . u r < ) r ' l s a c : c l r r i l i n ea l ) c l s o n a u r t r l l r e a r - i r t gt l t e s u t t t e l i e h t s o f l i l c a n c l l i b c r - t y '()usturirtts i t t t c r l r l ) lt ( ) i t g : r i r r so t tlrer strrtcs r r ' h o r n i g l r t r v i t l r t l r r tl r r l c c l u ? r t(e r r lr n r l l r sr ; l v tr -, : t l t t , ' r r r t l i f r ' n r ) ( ) r irt S t ; r t r .J r tl ' s ittttrost'tlrt'i r lr l l l c r - t i v r ' r t ' ; o

n()t l)c('ltltsc l h c l ' l t r c I i k e i n r l i v i c l L u r l lsr,r r t l r c c ' : r r r sl r : r , 1 ' p l o v i r l cc o l l t : < lt ti v c l y ' l i r t - t l t cl t t t r s t r i to l i r r t l i v i t I r u t l sp ' r r r ' 1 , ( ] s cIs l . s t . r t c :p r ) s : i c : irs i g l r l s ,l s i r r i l i v i < l r r ; t< ls l o , t l r c r t i t i s 1 - r o s s i l r tl ( t ') ( ' r r \i s l r g cl r s o ci < ' t vo l s t i r t t ' s j,r r s rl t s t l t e t ' el l l . es o t i c l i e s t : o n t l r r - i s e o t ll i r r r l i l i r l r r ; r l s ( \ \ ' ; r l z e rl-l ) l ) ? : i r l i - ( i 0 y . rlli r o r r r ('()llstl'lr(l 't t l r e l t l i o l i t l ' o 1 ' r ' i g l r t s - l r e : t l i r rig r r c l i v i c l r u rr ls r,lrt) ) o l i t i c ' : r(l ' ( ) l l ) r l r u ( ( ) n ) n ) u } r i t i c s t t i l i e s ,t h c l t l i o r - i t 1 ' s l r i { t o t l r c s e I l r c n r s c h ' t :( sl { ) ! ) 2 :? 5 - 1 ; . t , , is lllsctt'liet-c, \ \ / a l z e t .l u t s s u g g e s t e [ l t l r i r t t l r e r - t ' i s l r r r r i r r i n i a l c ' o r l t r i l ( ' l ' ( ) s s - r ' r r l t t u -l a t t t t i v e t ' s a lt t t o t - : t l i t 1 t' o l ' l s t i t u t i l ' r g e lr l r r i l c n r e r r l s o l . j r r s t i r t:, s t t t - l t2 t st h c c x J t e c t l t t i ( ) llll o t t o b c c l e c t : i v c r l , t l c : r t c r l n ' i t l r g r o s : it ' l ' 1 t ' 1 t 1 ,r ,' 9 t t t t t r t l e t ' e t(t l ! ) f i B :2 2 ) . \ \ l i t l z c r i, r r f u c t , p o : ; i l st l r c i t l c ' t o l l r r i l l t c t t l u t i ( ) l l l l l soc'icl1'rvlri< he t ' t t t t n c l s l t :e ( iu t t,o t ( ) l l l r l l l r t r r r : r ol r ' : r l r t l r o t l r t ' r i c l(r(l ) l t t l : r t : r [ i : t t v l s i l t lo t t ' i g i n a l p o s i t i o r t , l r r r l o r r i r t e l l s : r r r t l 1 r - i n ti p l r s t l u r t l u r v c lrc('t.rt'tt lc o t t t t t t o n l ) ,a c ' ( ' e l ) t c 'lrrlr l c l r t l e l s o f s t a l c s : u r r l l l r t ' i l t i t i z c r r s .' l - l r i s i s l t c t l t t t s cl t r : \ l , r l t t t s to cttcl()l's(,'(lillelcrrr t 'l t l: rilc lrt tlrc slrrrrc lirrrt'srrlrs r l i l r c l ( ) a ' t l r i n ' r r r r i v r : r ' s l t l i sA nr s. s i r q e c r t e rc l : r r ' l i c rt,l r t ' t r r r i r c r . s r r l i s i rrrr r \ \ ' l t l z c l i s t t o t l r r i o r t o , l r t t l i r t s t e : r cu I r l i s t i l l ; r t i o ro r {, tlrc'tllicli.'rrrollrlity 'l I t s s o i l t t e t l r r ' i t l rc ( ) l l u l l t t n i t i c s . l r i s i s n , r t r v l r i r t l t c c l r l I s ' r ' o t r - r ' i r r q l:trr, t u t i v e r s a l i s r nr ' ,v l t i c : lg r i v e s l t l i o r - i ( \ t ( ) r u ' . r yo l ' l i l e : r s r r r r i < l r r c l r ielrt, arrrl t v l t i t : l t< : t t i l l e ' t t s c r l t t s t l r e l l r r s i s f i r l i n r p c l i : r l i s tl u ' e u n l c n r s .l r r s t r ' : r <l1 r i, s t t t t i r c t ' s : t l i s t ti t s t ' c i l c t - l t t i r r ' l,l ( ' k n o r v l r c l u i r r g l l r a t . s r r l r j t 'tt I o r r r i n i n r l r l ttttivetsa( l ( ) 1 ) s t t ' l t i t t t lst,c t - cir l l ' c n ) i u ) \ ' r l i fl t ' r ' c r r a t r r r lr l r l r r ; r l r l u t -, l r v s ol'lili' l l t : t t h l t v e e t l r u r l l i g l r r s t o I l o r r ri s l r i r r t l r c i r ' r ' c s 1 - rtc t t , l o t l r i i t , r r s ,: r r r r l ir t l e s c l v c e c l r u t lr e s l ) c c : lto r . r r r r ' ( ) \ \ '{l 'I\ \ r l l l zie ' l1)l)0lt). 'l'lte s u n r e H t : { r e l i l r rs r ()ul-cc r v l r i c l rg i r , r s F l o s t i r r s l ; i l t r t i o r r i r l s <s ) c i l . \ , ( lf ( s) {-lellel':ltc i lt l t l o t - c c r i t i c : r l y r o l i t i c ' l t t l l r r o l r ' o f i r r t c l r u t t i o r u r l r c l : r t i o r r s .I t t:tlicts its pt't'ttrisc ets a l t l t i l o s o p l r i c l r Il t i s t o rY t l ] a t l r : r sl r t i t s t o l r ' r l r r :i r l t ' : ro { ' t l t e c l c v e l ( ) l ) l r l e lo l l1 ' l t t t r t u r n f l ' e e r l o r r rT . l r e r l e v t ' l < ) l ) n l ( ' ri r st r r r ri r t t ' l l o r r t i n r v l r i c ht l r c i n t l i v i r l r r a l ' fse e l i n e so l ' c s l f a t ) g c l ] ) c l t t : r r rP t lo r l c r - l c s s l ) ca 'rl s ls o\/cl'c()tllc i t i t t t o t ' ea n c l l n o l c a r l c c l r u r t e s r i c i n la r r c li r r t c l ' l ) l l t i o r r : r l l ' rl n e e li l l l e l l t s . T h i s i s a p l r i l o s o l t l - r i c al lt i s t o t - 1i'n , s p i l c c l l r r ' l i u r r t ,l l c g - c l ,N I r r r r : r r t r l ( l o l l i r r c l v o o t l , t t l t i c l t c o t n l r r i s c s2 rs c - a l c o f f o r - n r s ,l l r e e s s c r r c e o l ' t r , l r i c l ri s t h e I i a r t t i r t ni r l e : to f ' t 1 - r c eo n t r i l - r r r t i o rrrr r t r r l tl:r \ , 1 t , r ' t , , , , sr u r u r r r lr lssoc'irrtiorrs 'fhe ( ' r l r re l l l t o r r c l i t i o r o t r i t l t c r t c l t i c t ' e t ute t t o { ' r r , r i r - lcrilt i z c n s l r i P . r l irrtcrn l r t i o n a lr - e l l r t i o n s a,s c l e f i n e r l r t ' l i e i r l i : i t s t, s .i r r L i n k l : t t c r ' sv i c u ' ,t r t l l r o i r r t tvltet'e s l t l t c s : t t ' ti t t i t c l c ( l u a l c l ) ' t o r r s c i o r o. lL s t l r e i t ' l t l r i l i t r ' [ (()) \ ' ( ' l ( ' o r r r(rl r t ' s t l - i l c r t t t t -s lt vl s l c t t t i c lirr-ces i r r t l r e i r r t t : rr r : r l i o r u r s l ) ' s t c l )rt l l r i t l r t l r c l ' r l r : e n rt < r l l e o t t t o f t l t e i l c o t r t t - o l .J ' I r c t u s k o l ( , r i t i c ' a l ' l ' l r c o l t i s l o l t l o v i < l ea n 2 i t ' c o t t t t t t l \ r , l t y ,c sl l a c t i t t g i n t l r e i r r l e l r u r t i o r t l r le r r v i l o r n l l r l l t t l r a t r v o r r l r l c t l e r l t l cl t e r t p l c t o t : i t ' c r t t t u ' e r r srrrltlrkc t r l e l r r n t i o r u Ls ir l v s t e l u i c( ( ) l l s t l r r i r r t u c : ( ) n t l o lo { ' t l r e i l l r i s t o l r ' ( l . i n k l u t e r t ( ) l X ) b :1 . 1 ; .L i r r k l a t c i ' ' s plrilosoPlric.ll lristoly ACkttotr,lcclee t ls r n t s o < : i l l: r r r <iln t e r - s t i c ' i e t :r rl c l : r t i o r rrs r r cl r i s t o l i t ' : r l t ' r c l t t i o t l sl l r i cl r t ' e t ' e a p l eolrlc's( al):rcitV t () c ' l ' c i l t e l i r r r r r so l ' l i l t ' t ' l r l l r l r l co l l t r e a k i r r L l < [ o t r , n i t t l c r - s o c ' i c t l l c s t l ' i u r g ( ' n r c n l s r v l r i c ' l r : u ( ] l r l r rl i t ' r ' s l o
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'l'lrt l l u n l i u ) l i r l t n l t t i o r r si.t l e r r t i l i c ca l s t l i l r c sa n r l s t i t t c sr, l o c o r l t i t u l c t ) ' p e s o l c s t t ' l t t t q - c l l l ( 'rl tt tt t t l l r o i v c t ' l c s s l r e s s , : r r tl rr rc l l : r l g e l r r s s o c i l r t i o n isr,r t ' l t r r l i r r g t l r c t t t r i t c l s l r l( ( ) l l l l l l r r l l i t l 'r,' t - r r r t r i l r r rtl ( e) g r - c : t t e l ' i r r r l i i , i r l r fu l 're l erlorn. lrrrltlit i t i r r t l r c t r l t o l c r t rc o t t r ] 1i s t l r c i r l t ' i rt h l r l l i r l n t s o f ' l r i l l r t : l r r r r c r;ri t r r l olrliglttiort iluttrtt'isr 1 r ' o t t lr) l u t i ( ' r t l i u ' i s t il c s s o c i a t i o n s( s r r t lr ls tll('lurriilt,, l l i l r c ( ) l ' l u r t i ( ) n ) i u ( ' p l i t n i t i v c , i r r r p c r - l i : c :a trrrl r)\'cll illltliorurl irr t ' o t t t l r ; t t ' i s ottrii l l r l l r c i c l c l l c r t r l o l ' a g l o l x t l c - o r r r r r r r r n i it r lt ' ,r v l r i rl r o l r l i u a t i o t i s l t t c o \ r ' t t l t o c l t t ' l ro t l r c t ' : r si n r l i r i r l r u r l s l r r r <llt ( ) t l l s t n e n r l t c l so l ' l e s s c r ' rissot ilttiorrs. l ' r ' o u r c s si s r l c l i r r c r l l r r l . i r r k l u t c l l - r s tlrc Pt'ot,cs( s) l a s ( ' c r r r l i r r g t o t l t t ' l t , ' r ' t :rll l c t l r t t l t l t t t t i v c t ' s : t l i s t rl r l .is lry n() l'nciurs c ' l c a r 'l ,l o \ \ , r l v c rr' v , lrat r r t l r r c r r o r r l r l l r t ' P l ; t t ' r ' r l o r r c r r l l t r l u l r l i v e l s i t t u t t l r i s l c v c l l r t r v l r i < - lirr \ \ ' c s t c t ' t rl i l r t l r t l t o t t r ' t ' l t t i o t to 1 l l ' c t ' r I o r r r p r e t l o r r r i r r a t c s[., i t r k l a t c r l t i r n s e l f I t : t st ' c tt ' t t l l v t c t ' o g r t i z c t t llilitit isirrrteruilrlc t o t l i s r r r i sls l t c s ci l t t 2 r ( ' l t n l c l l l s , r t t t t l l u t s : t t k t t o t v l t : t l g t - r rtll r c r r n i v c l s r r l l r r c v u l e n c c o f ' t l r c l t o l i t i c ' s o f i t r t ' l r r s i olrn rr l c x t l r r s i o r r . I I r i s i s l t l ) l o i c t ' t u ' l r i L l t l r l i r r u s u l ) t ( ) r l u t c 1 h c l < l e a l i s t: r s l t i l u t i o no l ( t \ t c l ) ( l i r t g t l ) c l n ( ) l ' l l lc ( ) n ) l r l l t t r i t v to irtt:lrrclc p e o l t l e \ \ / e a t ' c r r , i l l i n gt o (s )ln'rtciglilrorrls.'l-he rtt'kttotllctlger:r Irle-'alis ats l t i l a t i o r r ,l l o \ l ' e v e r l i,a c l i l s rlltttgct's. l t l c l l i s t s t t - r r t t l c ttl o l r c :r v l u r t \ \ ' a l z c l c a l l s ' c - o v e r i n g l a l r , r r r r i v e r ' s l i l i s t s ' . ' l : r L i r t te l r c ' i r l c a so l f i - c e r l o u r u n r l i r r c I i v i c l r rc ah l o i c - ea s c e n t r - a t l <l I t t t t t u t t tt l c r c l o l r r r t c n t ,I i ' o r n t h c v l r l t l r g c - p o i n t o l ' t l r e l ) r ' c s e l t t a r i c l v i c r v i rru , I t t t l i t t t l t t : t l n ) l e l l t st o s e ' 1 1 - r ' c a l i z l t t i lrr)s nl e g r - c s s i v e lristolic:rltc.nclerrcirs, i rr r s ,l ( ) e s c l l e \ \ ' r ' e l l r t i v i s r t l t e v t t t ' t c i t l r l e ,r l c s p i t c l r e i t t g( . ( ) r l n l l u l ' l i t i; n rrr .l R i r t r l o i r i g s t t , t l t r : \ ' \ \ ' c l ' cl i l l i l r t r i l r e 2 r\ \ ' l r vr i f l i l i - ' a s l i g h t u n c l c l e s i r - : r l r l c irr' t t o t l r l t t t t i t ' l r ll ) r ' ( ) s l ' e s s N. l ; t r t r o l t l r c l l l i t i s l r l r l ea l i s t s . j r r s t i l i e c in l rlrclialisrtr o t t l l t t : e t ' o t t t t < lt sl u t t t l t c n r ( ) l ' ct ' i r i l i z c c lr n t i o r r s h : i c l a r I r r t 1 , t ol a i s e t l r c I r l t v c t t l r t i o r r s t o l r c t ' : r l n l r l e t l f 's c l 1 l g , - , ) \ ' c r - l l n l c r 1 [ . ( i o t t t t ' t t t p ( ) r ' l u ' \t'l t e o r i s t s r v l r o a c ' k r r o u ' l e c l g e tlrlrt p:trticrrlalistic('()rnt t l t t l t i t i c su r t < l t l t c t t i t l i o t t ( l r r r t n ( ) t r r c c e s s u l i l l ' t l t e s t i i t c ) l r : n ' e t o b e ; . I ( '(() n l t t t o r l : t t t ' t li n l t t r t ' t l r t - t o1 r' ol' cosrrrollolitltrisnrscek lrl avoicl tlte i r r r l t l i t ' a t i o t to sl ' t l r c I t l r : a l i s t l l t t c l 'p o s i t i o r rs t r g g c s t s putlr.l,irrkltrlcr's tlral t v l u t t i s t t t : e r l c < il s l i l r : t l u r t t r :l r c t \ r ' c c n t h c n e c r l t o i r l c n t i l i , 1 1 - ' 1 1 1 s 1 1 a t i < i n l t l t'lrlttt'u s r t t lr c s l r t ' r ' f t o r c r r l t r r l u lr l i l ' l c r - c nc r ' s( l 9 ! ) ? :8 - l ) . ' l ' l r et a s l io l a ( l ' i t i c : : r l 'I'lrcor y o l i r r t t ' r ' r u r t i o r rr:c r l a t i o r r sl,r e t t : l l sr r s , i s t ( )q ( ) l r e l ' o n c N l l : r r x i s na r rrcl t l t : r ' r : l t ) ll t) l t t ( ) l ' r ' l t r l c t l t u t tl c l r e o rv i r i r v l r i c h t o a r r c ' h t i r - t h c s t : l t ct h a n t l r : r t ' f l r c o r - y' n ) u s t t l l t t l i l i o t t l u t sp r o v i r l c t l . f i o l l o t r ' i r t g 1 r ' o r rtrh i s , ( ] r - i t i c l r l r-cu:u-rl tltc 1rr l t t ' t i c ' : lttl l t i i t ' r t o l e x { e ' r t r l i n g c ' o r r t r n r r r r i t \ ' l r c y o rtrh ce l nittion-statc l l si t s j r r s tl s : r l x r c k r l l o l t t c i t l i e a l l t : g e t l l y ' r r i o l c : t t t o s ti t t t l t ( ) I ' t ; t t lI ltl o l r l c t n - i t r r c r l rot.

' o t - i a l t l l t s s t : s '( l , i r r l i l : r t t ' r l 1 ) t X ) l l : l 7 l ; l t : r s i c s l ; r r g g l e l t e t \ r , g e p a r r t z r g o t r i s t i cs c : f ' .l 9 ( - ) 2 : { ) 3 ) . F t ' o n r t l r c p o i n t o l ' r ' i e t r , t i l i t t t c t ' t l t t i o t u t l . i r t s l i t t ' , . J l t t t t t l t 'l'[r;rrr1ts1;1, itll)()llQ - l( ) l I S t ' l ] s t l s l r e l i c l e u o l ' ( , \ ' t t l ' l t l l ) l ) i l ] 1( fol exll]]ple, seers o v e l l a p p i r l g ( ) l - i r r l e r ' l o c k i r r g c ( ) n r n t t u l i t i e s , t l t c c o t t s t t i ( ) l l s l l c s so l t t ' l t i t l t i s thc bltsis ol'lltc etlricaI lile ol the ttlttiott, (]xten(lil)g lrt't'otttl stlttt) l t o r r r r c l l r r - i c sS . l r e s l u r r e s r r , i t l t c ' t i s t t r r t l t o l i l t t t rr l e t t t r ) t l ' l t ( ' \ 't l l c o t ' i s l s t l r t : i t l t - l t (.\t't'lrilrtrga i rlcl Ileltl tlrlrt lhcrc is nritlrirrg irrviolltble lllrt.,tttllttit,tt-st;rtcs o l t c ' t t t ' ( i l l l l ) l ' i s t 'l l t ( ) l ' c t l t : t t t o t t c t l l t l i o t t , l l ) U l - rI ; lelrl lt)t)ir).Statcs tlrerriselr,es i r n r l t r a l i o r r s c : t . , r r l ir rl r 1 t r i r r c i l t l c l i r t ' t t r t l t t ' l l r s i s o l c o s t t t t t l t o l i t : r r ts t ' l l t l t t t t : s . I r r t l e c r l , l l r u t \ r i r r t e l l o c k i r r u u n t l t i v c t ' l : t 1 ; l r i t t u( ( ) t t ) l l r t t t t i l i t ' s , s t t t ' l t l t s tl'llllsl c l i q i 1 1 r r s ,s < , c i : t l n r ( ) \ ' c l l l g n t s , I c : l t ' t t c r l s o c t c l i t : s L ] t (. , l l l ( ' t t l l ' c l t < l V ot{ I r : r t i ( ) l 1 r l . ' [ ' l r r :t ' o r r r l i t i o r r s o l ' j t r s t i c e i t r l t t t , . ] \ t ' t : i l t ( t L ' . r . i t t q . t s s , r t i : . t t i o t i n t c l l < l r - k i n g c r ) l t n l u . l n i t i c s r v i l l b e f i - c e c I o t t to l - : t s s o t ' i l tilo t t l t t t c l l l t c o l l t l t t t t t ' s s t ' l r .! ) ) . of colnttttttrities(l lrortrltson I1)l)2: t) tltc tt)ltltlltrttitt ol I ' l r i s r l i l f i ' r s I r ) l ] ] t l r c N a t r r l u l L r n v l i r t t t t c l r t t i < ) tl ( I r t r r r i ; r p I i r r r l i r r l t o s i t i n e a l t i s t o t - i c u l i < l e r r t i t t 't o t l t c t t t o t ; . t lo l l l i g r t t i o t t s i t r < : r r ; r - c r l i, l s t t o t l r e f l r t r i l \ ' , t l r c t l i l r c . t l t t , ' t t : - t t i o t t l,l t c s l l t l ( ' , l t t t t l t l t t ' t t t r r I r r r l l r n i t l ' . ' l l r c l t r o u c l c r r i n g o { ' t l t t , rt t ) l l ) l l t l t l r i t t , t r i t i r i r rr v l r i c l r t l l t ' t o t t l t l t t , l t q g e c l l r r e r ' : r i l sl l r i r r g s u ' i t l r i t l l l t e \ l c n s i o t t o l t l t c o l t l i g l r t i o t t s o \ r ' t ' t l l o : t l i r r q e r r r r r n r l t e r o 1 ' l t c o p l c r L r t r lc \ e n l r r a l l \ . t o l t t t t t t . t t t i t t l t \ l t t v l t o l c . i s : r l r o s i t i o r r l i . o r t y ' l l s o l t t l v t ) (l t t c s . I l t ' t t t ' g t ' st l t l t l l v t t s l l o r r l t l Orrli<trrsll'tlris c x l e p r t ( ) 1 r S s p S r o f ' ' \ r ' c ' t o i n t ' l r t t l t l l i r l s e t r l t t t t ' t tt t ' t ' l t l t t t ' 1 t t ' t ' r ' i o t l s l l 'Tlre l i u l r t r t ' l t yt ( ) t l t L e l t l t e ' s l t t g l t t i " \ \ ' c l r l r r t ' o l l l i g i t ( i o t t s t't'gltt'clctlts'lltet": t o l r r r r l r : t n l r e i n g s s i r n l t l l ' : t s s r r t ' l t " i s : I S i r n r ( i u r s o l t ' t ' t t t i t t t l i r r q o t t t ' s t ' l v t ' st t r ll ! l)tE t ) :l l ) 2 , kceptr'1,'i1'rut()cxprul(lorrr-sellscol'"us":rslrrltts\\rutlitt'(li.o l 1 ) O ) . F l o r r r t l r e N t i t r n ' ; r l [ . : n v p ( ' l ' s l ) c ( ' t i v e ,t l r i s s c t t l i t t t c t t t t ( ) t l ' t ] l l { ( f v t ' t ' \ ' ( ) l } r : a s l ) l r r t o f u r r ' < i r - l rrl n t l l l t l t ' o t t t t t t t t t t i t t ' i s l l t c t ' e l t o t l t t l t c o t t l s t ' t . ' f ' l r t ' gltlie:rti1;lts t() lrrrpprnitt', llrr' 1i-orn lr:tvittg lr ltistot'it:tl lrltsis,llt-t:ittllltt(': r v l t g t l r e r ' \ r , e ; c r 9 e l i z g i i r r c ll l c t r r l ) ( ) l t i h c n t ( ) l - l t ( ) t l l l t t L c s r r o c l i l l i ' r ' t ' l t t ' (Il t t t l r r : 1 1 c 1 t l r l r t t l r t : 1 , g x i s t . . \ n c l i l \ v c c t ( ) l n ct ( ) l ( ' k l ] o t t l c t l g t t t l t c t t t l t t l t l l t t t : t ' ltct'c fi'ottt llrt'lrtgittttittq t i n t e i t r l o e s r r o l a l l c l t l t c I l c ' t l l u r t t l t t : 1 ' \ \ ' i : ' l 'tc ( l ) o r t c : l : t r rl ! ) t X ) : l 0 - l l ).

Notes I .r Iltt'tltt'ot\'lritslrt't<)t]t('itttttttlto\t't-ttst'<llttttl I { l t r r r o r r t,l\ r ' o n t o t r r l t l ; r i t r rt :l r itltt'tt'tltt' lt'latiotts l r l t r r s c ,rtv l o l r l . l i l r r t i c r r l ; r r li.ri r t l r r l i r l t l o l r t ) t c t ' l u t t i o t l t r ui lrc t l t c s s t ' t l - t tt 1t lt r t l t ' tt l t t ' g t t i s c , r l t l t t ' t l t ' . ol l r s c ' r ' r ' r r t i < rs rrrrrlr r r r < l sl 1 l t t t l t l \ . s io sl t r ' t t li t t l c t ' t t t s lu . rl rltit:lopt'tl ltis Ilttttotts l r v c r r t r , \ ' r ' l l 'c si r l l i t ' r ' \ \ ' l r l t z o I l t l l l t t ,i l t c i t t { t ' t t l t l s t t t t t l t t t t ' o l o I t l r r r : ci r r r : r g c-s i l r c i n l c l r n L l l t s Y r l r o l o e t ttllotttltt' t l r t :s L l r l gi ,r r t r lt l r c s t l ' u ( l r u r o l t l t c n ' o t l t l s l l l t t ' 5 \ s t c l l-l l t i t t t l t t r i t t g 1) ( ' \ ( r l l l t t ' l t s sl r t ' l l t t ' . c t t t l r t ' t ' t ' rt i r r s i g l r l s o f t l t r s s i t ' t rllt o l i t i r ; r l t l t t : o t ' i s t s t t i l ( ( ) l r t t l n l ) ( ) t ' l tvt s o t i ; t l s t i t - l } .c . S t ' t ' \ \ : r l t z ( I 1 ) i r l ) ) . ;rssrunll{ions

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l).\\'l l) ll( )[ I( ]l I L.li. ttsit ttsttfttl l r, l l d i t s t i l l l r t : t s t l r i s r l u u . r ( ' t ( ' r i l . r t i o rl r e r l r r r r tr:r i t l c l v i t ( ' ( ( ' l ) t c ( 1 .l t c t l i o s t t o s t r t t I c t t t sI I r c r r r i s t i tr l t ' r i t t ' l i r r t c ; r r l r i l g i l i l c r r r ; i t i ( ) l l l t l' c l a t i o t t s tlrltte o l r v l r l r tl u r s l r t ^ r ' t t ; r l l c t l t l t c i t t t t : t - 1 t l t t ' i t t l i ettltc irrllrrrrrtilrl 1-rc 1rl t ' t l ' l t ( ) l s tlrc licltl oi' as ille()l']'irr i t r t , l . i t l l r . r r r r tS l r r r i t l r( l l ) t ) l ) . ' [ ' l r t :l i s t o l \ \ ' l i l r l llitssrs t ' o r r l r lb c t ' x t r t t t [ c t l c o t t s i t l c t l t l t l l 'l ,l t r t i t t v o t r l r ll l t l t l t < l < l erll; r l i o r r s i l l { ( j l ' 1 1 ; t l i o r rl . , t t t l t e t v l i t . r l cr,l t : r ' e l o l l c t l l l l ) ) t l r i l l u t o t l r r , l t o i r r t t l u t t i r r t e r r u t t i o n l l t l i e o t ' \ ' l t : r so , r r r lI t l t l t t ' l i r t ' t t t e t 'a i r r r l c p t , n r i r r r t l io I l r o l i t i t l l l r l r i l o s o l t l r \ 'l.( ) t l l ( ] c l c l t ' i t t t e t to 'tltct.,tit-'s' ol itttt't'tllttiotlltl r r l r r ; r t l t l t o t l r t ' l ; r t t t ' r .I r o r s r r tr t ' r s o I t l t c t l i t i t - r r t s s r . c l l o l s t i l l ) , \ 7 : S r r r i t l rr i t t c Il ] o o t l t l t ) t ) 5 ;( i t ' o o t t t l t r t c lL i g l r t l 1 ) ! ) 1 . ;t'lrrtiotrs ' o l i t i t l l l r l r r l < , s o l l l t e t .' \ I r r t ' r i t i ri z i l t q ( ( ) n t ( ' l l l l ) ( ) l i u \ p s., I { . l l l t r t s o n l l t - g t t t : < l ll ttlrl tr l titllttlt-t r tl c t l u i t t t t o o t l t ' t - l t t t \ ' 1 t t : t t t i c ' lg t l l r t r l r t l l u r r c r r l t ; r r r r l o r r r t' l 'rt.pr:rin ok f' [ 'i r t i t i r t g l r t r t 1 l o l i t i t ; r l l t ' s t c t i l t ' t ; r s r ' o l l t c r r r r i t l r t l r t ' i r r t t ' l l c t ' t t t ; t [c 7 t . It'.tsitto s t t t l i t t g t t i s t i tl r t t z z l t ' s1 l 1 ) 5 t i : ' ( ' l r r i s I j t r ) \ \ ' l ll t t t t ' i l l t t t t ' t : l l c ' l l l r l t i r t g , l ' t l l e i t ' l t y sl l t t ' g e [ rt , I l t e t l t ' t t r i : c . J tlocs r ( l l ) l ) i l :b j J - ( l ) . ' l ' i t i s prllt i l . r s o l r l r lt o l l o t v i t t s\ \ i t l l t l \ \ ' ' r r | r r o rr r n r t i i t . ' r r r o r ; tl r tl t ' o r . i s t rst i c l r r r ) tl l l i e t l t c t ' o t t t t 'o l ' l l t l l i t i c i r l r r o t c s l l l , r i r rr r , l r ii r r t t ' r ' r r i r t i o r u t t ) ) so l t l r c i r l r c t l i g t ' t ' c . irl t{tlrt'or i s t : l r t t t lt l r ' l i t t t 'l l t t t t t : r ' l r t ' s ( ) u k c : l r o l t . N l r r t l i r r t l r k c s t l r t : t l i s l io l l t l r i l o s o l t l r l ' t t l l t e t l t c i r l t : r l t i l.'ollorrirrg girt'tt l u t l s t t s t l t i t;tt t t t lt o t l s ( i ( t t t e l i r l r t i o r r: r r r <r[. s l r r r r i r u r t i to i rt r t l r c l l r i s t r r l l t t ct s tt ll)liii;l(-17 ,). c)l . r l i t ' s l r ( ) ( Irrrrrnrr r r ' r lt(i ( ( ' s .S e ' t ' N I i t ' l r i r ( l)

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'l-ltcot't' '\\'lltl A t < r t t ,f { r t 1 ' t t t o t t r l 1 . )(17. o f ' l r r t t ' r ' r i a t i o r r i rIl{ t ' l ; r t i r i r r , is lt s.'l o r t t t t t l o f IttIt,t.ttttIionu .1 l ff u h s , 2 l . ( , l r r r e r r t l o r lr) r r : s s . A t t s t i t t , . f L l 1 ) ( i 2 .l l o a r t u l ) o ' l ' l t i t t s ' ist , i t l L I l ' i r r i l rt. ) x { i r r < l : 'l'lrnt1, lJt:i{2,(lhztt'les I{. i!)7!) I'olitttttl. tttttl L'Llt: tt r u l i t n t t t l R t ' l r t l i t , t t rP . lirrr:ctorr: l'r'irrr:t:torL rJ r ri v c r s i t 1 'P l c s s . 'Oosrtrolrolit:rn Ilcitz,(llrallcs l{. l1)1)+. [ . i l r e r u l i s r ra r n c l t l r e S t u t t s S v s t c r r r 'i,r r ( ] h l i s l J l < r r v r it,: d . , I ' o l i t i c u l l k s t t ' t t t t t t t i t r g i t t l . , L r t o f t [ ,. ,o . n<lori: l{orrtlcrlge. '-I'lrc I l o s l t t t t l t t c t l, } r r tt u t t l . l l ) l ) 7 . F t u r t t i r , r ro t f t l r . 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' o t t t i t t l t t t t . \I't,o t r l 't L t t t l. \ ' r t l i d r n l r . ( l : r r r r l r l i t l g c :( l : r r r r l r r i t l u c I i n i t ' e r l s i t lr' t e : s . 't ll.or r i i s l r t s ,I { u t i o n l l i i r ' r t r , [ { i t l r e r r l .I 1 } 1 ) : j .I r r n u r r l . r n <S l c r r t i r r r c r r t l l i t \i' r '. rS t t ' l r l i c r r S l t t t t er n r [ . S r r s . t t l tl t t t ' l c r ,c r l s , O t t l l L t t t t t u r l i i r l l l .N t : r r ' \ i i r l i : H l r r ' l t c r ' ( ] r r l l i r r s . 'l-lrcolv Sctlr, S;trtjel'l .1 ) l ) l i . ' l ' o l i t i r ' : i l in tlrr -\gc ol Nutiorurlisrrr',1','tlL it. rt ts tl I t t l t tt r t t l t t t t r u .\ lf Iuit's,7. Srrritlr. S t c t e . l l ) 1 , l 2" . I - i r c F - o t t 1 ' \ t ' l r r s ' l ) c t o r r r : ' l ' l r cl { c s r r r g r - : r i c oc fr Norrrurtlvc '['licot'r' t r t : t l [ ( c l : t t i o r r s ' , , l\i l l t t t i L u t t 2 i n I n t r ] l ' r ) i it o ,l . 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'l'lttotttitrtl \ \ r : i l t z , I i e t t t t c l l t N . 1 9 5 ! ) . l l u t t , l l u r S l u l e u t t t l l 1 ? a ., - l A t t r L f i s i ; .N c r v Y t i l k : ( l o l r r r r r l r i iIt l r r i v c l s i t \ '[ ' r ' c s s . \ \ l i t l t z ,I i c t t t t t : l l r N . 1 9 7 9 . I ' l m t t \ t o l I t t t e t t t u l i o t t rP Lo l l i l i c sN . c r r , V i r k : ] \ l <( l r l n v - t l i l l . \ \ / r t l z t - ' t 'N , , l i c l r i i c l . 1 1 ) 8 3 ., 5 / / z r : t t s o f. f u . ; l i t : r . N e ' r r ,\ i r r k : l J a s i r l i r < i k s . . 9 8 8 . ' l r t t e l p l e t u t i o r r a r r r l S o r i a l ( l i t r t r s r r r ' , i r r S . N , l .I \ l c \ l r r r r i r r , \ \ / r r l z e rN , I i c ' l r : r c l1 'ltttttet t:c|.,'l-lte L e t l u t e ; o n I I t L n t ( t ) L l ' u l u 'r . 'so , l 7 . S . r l t[ . l r k e ( ) i r 1 ,t:] r r i v t : r ' s i t ] , o l I I l i rI r l ' r r ' s s . ' f l r t - ( . o r r r n r r r r r i t u l i . t r(rl l i t i r p r e \ ' \ r ; r l z e rN ' ,l i c l r u c l . l 1 X ) 0 a . o l l . i l r e l a l i s r r r ' ,I ' o l i . t i r t t l 'l'lu:ot t,. 8. -l'lrc'lltttttet 'Naliorr:rncl Nlit lrirel. l!XJOb. \{'itlzet', L I r } i v e r s c ' ,i n ( } . l l . I ' c t t ' r ' s r ) l re , (1., L t : t ' l t r t . tr:n st I l r r t t t r u t l l t l u t s , r ' o l . 1 1 . S a l t l . a k c ( l i t t ' : t l r r i r , r r s i t \ ' o 1 U t a h l ) r ' e s s . \ \ ' : t l z c - r 'N , I i t ' l r l r t ' 1 .l 1 ) 9 2 . / r r / r t t t d ( . l t t j r r s lI ' 1 ' r r . r,.l' , \ l t t t t t l , \ t g t r n t t t t t l t t t i t l t l l i : l t t t i t u l I l l u . stIrt t i o t t i , 2 r r r l e t l r r . N c r r ' \ o r l i : l ' l l r r ' l r t r ' ( iollirrs. 'l'ltirk \ \ ' : t l z e t ' ,N l i c l r ; r c l . 1 9 9 4 . und'l'lLitL: ,\llt'rtl .\t'gutttt'ttts t t l I I o t t t e .i t t r r l , l l t t o r t t l . I r t t l i l u r a :t J r r i v e r ' s i t oyf N o t r e f ) a n t e . ). x{olcl: : f. l u s t i r c . A , [ ) t : f it t t e o J I ' l u t u l i s t t r t t t t i l I ' , t 1 L u t l i l(y \ ' \ l i t l z e t -N , 'liclracl. l9!)5. ,Slilrtt'e o ]]asil lll;rcllvcll. \ \ ' i g l t t , N ' l : r r t i r tl.! ) ( i ( i . ' \ \ t h t , i s T I t e l e N o l n t e t ' r u r t i o n a l ' h c o r \ ' ? ' , i r r I L l J r r t t c r ' l i c l r l ;rrtrlNI. \\'igltt, t'.dsI , ) i f t l o t t t r r l iItt:t r t t s ( i y ' t r l i u t rI s . rtrlori: lllcrr :trrtl IJrrrvrrr. .o 'l-he'l'lLre,t'l\urliljott.s. \\'igltt, N'Iartin. 1991. Irtlet'rtrttiottrL 7l' l L e r t t l , ; l-orrclorr arrrl l . e i c c s t e r : L J n i v e r - s i to 1[' [ - c i c c s t e r I ) r e s s . 'l'lttot1,. \ \ / i l l i a r r r s , I I o t v t r t ' t l .t { ) ! ) ? . I t L l t ' t L u t i o t r u lR r h r l t , t t t . is tt Polilitul [Jrrckiugltarrr: ( ) 1 r t ' r Ir I r r i v c r s il r .