Thiet Ke Phan Xuong San Xuat Dua Lanh Dong

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vn
Thit k phn xng sn xut da lnh ng
Trang 1
CHNG 1 - TNG QUAN

1.1. Lp lun kinh t k thut
Nc ta l nc nhit i vi rt nhiu tri cy ch o c trng cho nng sut ln v
em li thu nhp cho quc gia thng qua xut khu nh chui, cam, bi, da Trong , da l
loi tri cy c trng kh d dng v l mt trong nhng sn phm c xut khu kh nhiu,
c bit c a chung cc nc cng nghip pht trin.
Da c trng d dng nhiu ni khp t nc ta, din tch trng da mt s tnh
nh sau: Kin Giang (12.006 ha), Minh Hi (4704 ha), Tin Giang (3889 ha), Long An (381 ha),
Bnh nh (597 ha), Khnh Ha (260 ha), Ngh Tnh (654 ha) Trong , min Nam c din
tch trng ln nht (chim 75,43%), min Bc chim khong 24,56% din tch trng da c nc.
Gi tr kinh t ca cy da kh cao:
Gi tr s dng:
Qu da c gi tr dinh dng cao, cung cp calo kh ln, c cc loi vitamin
ngoi tr vitamin D, giu khong, nht l Kali, enzym Bromelin trong da gip tiu ha tt
protein nn ngi ta hay trn da vo cc mn n khai v hoc dng lm mm tht trong y hc,
da c ch dn lm thuc trong cc trng hp thiu mu, thiu khong cht. N gip s sinh
trng v dng sc, dng khi n ung khng tiu, khi b ng c, b x cng ng mch, vim
khp, thng phong, si thn v tr chng bo ph.
Gi tr xut khu v thu ngoi t:
Hin nay da v sn phm ch bin t da ng v tr hng u trong rau qu
xut khu cc tnh pha nam, c kh nng ngy cng pht trin khch hng ca da.
u t v thu nhp:
Da l loi cy n tri rt mau thu hoch, t khi trng n lc hi tri trung bnh
khong 12 - 14 thng, ng thi cho thu hoch ln. Theo cc con s thng k cc nc trng
da pht trin trn th gii cho bit vi nng sut tri khong 80 tn/ha. Nu ch ng hp bn
th li nhun trung bnh hng nm trn mt hecta l 10.000 USD (mi ngn la/ha da).
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Trang 2
M rng din tch, pht trin sn xut:
Da l cy rt d trng, c th trng c trn nhiu loi t, k c cc vng t
i dc, si ln cc vng t thp, nhim phn, c pH =3 - 3.5 c nhiu c cht m nhiu
cy khc khng sng c. V vy, c th pht trin v m rng din tch trng da rt d dng
trn cc vng t chua xu, nht l cc loi t phn, hoang ha.
Da cng c s dng lm ngun nguyn liu ch bin nhiu loi thc phm quen
thuc vi ngi tiu dng nh: nc da p, da ngm ng, da sy, mt da, da lnh
ng,.v.v..
Thc phm t da cng em li nhiu vitamin cn thit cho c th nh vitamin C,
vitamin nhm B nh B
1
, B
2
, B
3
, vitamin E v mt s cht khong a lng (nh K, Ca), vi
lng (nh Fe, Cu, Zn).
Hng v ca da cng thm ngon ph hp vi khu v nhiu ngi.
Ngy nay, cc nc khc cng ang gia tng nhu cu s dng loi tri thm ngon ny.
V th, chng em chn thit k phn xng sn xut da lnh ng tn dng c
thun li v mt nguyn liu ca t nc, p ng nhu cu s dng ca x hi v xut khu l
ch yu.
1.2. La chn nng sut v c cu sn phm:
1.2.1. La chn nng sut:
Nhu cu ca th trng ngy cng tng trong vic a chung cc sn phm t da.
Ngun nguyn liu phong ph, kh n nh v cht lng.
Vi s vn u t ban u c hoch nh tin hnh dy chuyn sn xut da lnh
ng theo qui m t ng ha.
Chng em chn nng sut nhp liu cho phn xng l 6 tn/ngy.
1.2.2. La chn c cu sn phm:
p ng nhu cu ang mnh m ca cc nc khc trong vic s dng nguyn liu da,
trc mt chng em s tin hnh sn xut sn phm da lnh ng xut khu trc, ng thi
trong thi gian lu di v sau, chng em s tnh ton thc hin m rng sn xut thng qua
Trang 3
mt s loi sn phm khc t ngun nguyn liu da nh mt s sn phm trong c cu ch bin
cng nghip tri da c trnh by di y:

Trang 4
C CU CNG NGHIP CH BIN TRI DA

Da nguyn liu
Chn - X l
Tr tm kho
mt (30 ngy)
Dnh cho
xut ti

Lnh ng
Vn chuyn mt
5 10
0
C

Lm lnh ng ti
vng nguyn liu

Lnh ng tm thi
18
0
C

Vn chuyn
18
o
C

Tr kho mt
cng 5-10
0
C

Ch bin lnh
ng gn cng

Tr ng tm
18
o
C

Tr ng cng
18
o
C

Xut da ti

Xut da
ng lnh

Ch bin

Nc da ti

Nc da c c

Ru vang da
Acid citric

Cn

Dm

Da sy kh
Bt da ho tan

Bromelin
Thc n gia sc

Phn bn hu c

Trang 5
CHNG 2 - TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU V SN
PHM

2.1. Nguyn liu: Da

2.1.1. c im sinh hc v thnh phn ha hc ca da:
V phng din thc vt, da l mt qu kp, gm 100 - 150 qu nh hp li (mi mt
da l mt qu n) phn tht qu m chng ta n c l do s pht trin ca cc m gc l
bc, l i v gc vi nhy to thnh. Cc b phn nh cnh hoa, vi nhy ho tn trong mt l
trng di l bc c xem l h mt nm ngoi ca qu da. Khi gt chng, ta thng phi
kha b i.
Kch thc v trng lng qu: ty thuc vo ging, mt v lng phn bn. Trng
cng tha, bn cng nhiu phn th qu cng nng cn.
Hnh dng qu: dng qu l, hnh tr hay thp ty thuc vo ging v k thut canh tc,
chm sc. Trong thi gian hnh thnh v pht trin qu, chm sc km qu s b thp u, b
cong ngn trong thi gian qu ang tng trng s lm tng trng lng qu v qu c dng hnh
tr.
Mu sc tht qu: ty thuc ging v phn no phn bn v cc iu kin sinh thi. Cc
sc t vng cam carotenoit quyt nh mu vng ca tht qu da, c to ra nhiu trong qu
da trng nhit thp v trong mt hn l trng nhit cao v ngoi nng.
Hng v ca qu: v chua ngt ty thuc vo lng ng, ch yu l ng saccaroza
v lng acid hu c ch yu l acid citric v maleic. Hng thm ca qu ty thuc vo 2 cht
Hnh 2.1. Tri da
Trang 6
tyl butyrat v amyl butyrat. Trong qu da, lng ng tng dn t y qu ln ngn v lng
acid th ngc li. Qu da c v ngt ngon nht khi lng ng tng s trong qu khong 12%
v lng acid khong 0.6 - 0.7%.
chc ca tht qu: tht qu mm hay cng ty thuc ch yu vo chn ca qu khi
thu hoch cn t l x ty thuc ch yu vo ging trng.
Thnh phn ca da:
o Cung, u: 13%
o Mt: 11%
o V: 18%
o Li: 12%
o Tht: 46%
Thnh phn ha hc ca qu da:
Trong qu da chn, ty chng loi, thi v, vng a l c cc thnh phn chnh
vi hm lng nh ph lc 3.
Ngoi ra, trong thnh phn protein ca qu da cn c enzym Bromelin l mt loi
emzym thy phn protein.
Da l loi qu nhit i c s dng nhiu n ti v ch bin hp xut khu.
Thi v thu hoch da thng t thng 3 n thng 8. Da tri v thu hoch vo khong thng
11 n thng 1, thng 2 nm sau.
Da tri v l kt qu ca vic x l cy da bng ha cht (acetylen) kch thch tng
trng. Khi ngn da c t 10 l tr ln ngi ta cho acetylen dng bt hoc dung dch vo nn
da. Sau 6 thng chng s ra hoa. Bng cch ny c th ri v da c th thu hoch quanh
nm. Tuy nhin, cht lng da tri v ca Vit Nam hin cn km hn so vi da v chnh.
Thn da ngn, mang nhng l hnh gii xp thnh hoa th gc. Hoa tp hp thnh
bng, chm. Nhiu loi c l bc c mu sc s. Qu m ( cc chi c bu trn) v qu mng (
cc chi c bu di). Ht b, ni nh bt. Cy h Da c nhiu c im sinh thi c bit. R
ca cc loi biu sinh ch yu bm vo thn cy ch, mt s loi r hon ton khng pht
Trang 7
trin. L mc chm li gc thnh hnh phu, trong c nc v cht hu c b phn hy, nn l
mi trng sng thch hp cho mt s ng vt v thc vt nh (mt s cy n tht, gip xc
thp, lng th v.v). Gc l ht nc v cht dinh dng thay cho r. nhiu loi li c lng v
m gi nc pht trin.
2.1.2. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca da ti:
Tiu chun nguyn liu:
- Da nguyn liu c nhn vin phng QA nh gi, phn loi ri mi a vo ch
bin.
- Da khi nhn vo bng, cung cn ti (bng t nhin, cung di khng qu 10cm).
- Da gi bng (phi n t 2/3 hng mt tr ln).
- Rut da phi c mu vng nht tr ln.
- Qu da phi ti tt, khng dp ng, khng chn qu (c mi ln men).
- Khng su bnh, khng meo mc, khng b khuyt tt, khng dnh bn, t, chut
cn v c mi l khc.
Ch tiu v chn:
chn ca da nh gi theo mu sc v qu c 6 mc sau:
1. chn 4: 100% qu c mu vng sm, trn 5 hng mt m.
2. chn 3: 75-100% v qu c mu vng ti, khong 4 hng mt m.
3. chn 2: 25-75% v qu c mu vng ti, 3 hng mt m.
4. chn 1: 25% v qu chuyn sang mu vng, 1 hng mt m.
5. chn 0: qu vn cn xanh bng, 1 hng mt m.
6. chn 00: qu vn cn xanh sm, mt cha m.
chn c chn sn xut da lnh ng trong phn xng l chn 2.

Trang 8
2.2. Sn phm:
Da c cp ng -30
0
C c cc yu cu v phm cht nh sau:
Tiu chun cm quan :
- Da thnh phm c mu vng nht n vng rm. Khng c mu thm dp ca
da hng, khng c vt su bnh, khng c mu ca mt, v da (do st li).
- Mu sc da trong 1 gi phi tng i ng u.
- Mi v: sau khi lnh ng xong v sau khi r ng chm trong khng kh, s gi
c mi thm t nhin ca da, khng c mi v khc.
- cng: da sau khi lnh ng xong phi cng chc, sau khi r ng chm
nhit bnh thng ca khng kh trong vng 2 4
h
khng b mm nhn, khng b chy
nc ra nhiu lm cho ming da teo li v khng b ng mu sang thm en.
Tiu chun hnh thc :
- Da khoanh: ming da trn u, khng cn li, khng bm dp. Chiu dy mi
ming t 14 16mm, ng knh ca mi khoanh khng nh qu 55mm.
- Da r qut: khng st li, kch thc ca cung ln khng nh qu 40mm, ming
da dy t 10 15mm. Kch thc tng i ng u trong mt ti.
Tiu chun vi sinh vt :
- Khng c vi trng gy bnh: E.coli, Cl.welchi
- Hot Bromelin ca da lnh ng bo qun t =-18
o
C trc 6 thng phi cn
hn 80% v t 6-12 thng phi cn hn 50% so vi da ti.
( Lng Bromelin cn nhiu chng t da c lnh ng nhanh).

Hnh 2.2. Da khoanh
Trang 9
CHNG 3 - QUI TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT DA
LNH NG
3.1. S khi qui trnh cng ngh sn xut da lnh ng:

Da
Chn, phn loi
S ch 1
Ngm st trng
Chlorine
50 mg/l
Ra 1
S ch 2
Ra 2
To hnh
IQF (-30
0
C)
LDPE
Da lnh ng
Bao gi
Da khng t yu cu
Cung, bng
B, nc thi
u, li, v, mt
B, nc thi
Trang 10
3.2. Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh:
3.2.1. Chn, phn loi:
* Mc ch: chn v phn loi da nguyn liu theo yu cu trc khi a vo sn xut.
* Cc bin i chnh:
- Cm quan: t c chn, kch thc ng u hn.
* Phng php thc hin:
- Trc khi a vo sn xut, da c chn lc theo tiu chun v phn loi theo cp
hng v chn ngay ti kho. Nhng qu khng tiu chun phi ring cn nhng
qu tiu chun th tin hnh xc nh cp hng ri xp theo tng cp hng v chn.
- V chn c chia lm 2 loi: chn k thut v qu chn. Trong khi chn v
phn loi da, ta tin hnh vt cung v b hoa. Trnh lm bm dp da ln ln cp hng
v chn ca da.
3.2.2. S ch 1:
* Mc ch: loi b phn u v cung d dng hn cho qu trnh t li, gt v.
* Bin i chnh:
- Vt l: khi lng da gim do c loi b phn u v cung.
* Cc yu t nh hng:
- sc, sch ca dao phi t yu cu nu khng mt ct ca da s khng phng v
da s b nhim bn.
- S thnh tho trong thao tc.
- Mi trng v thit b phi m bo v sinh.
* Phng php thc hin:
- Dng dao sc ct u da, hai mt ct hai u ca qu da phi tht phng v
thng gc vi li, khng lm dp v khng lm nhim bn mt ct.

Trang 11
3.2.3. Ngm st trng:
* Mc ch: loi b 1 phn tp cht v st khun trn v da
* Bin i chnh:
- Ho sinh: tiu dit phn ln vi sinh vt trn b mt v da.
* Cc yu t nh hng:
- Nng clo trong dung dch ngm nu s dng qu nhiu c th nh hng xu n
mi ca da (c ln mi clo). Ngc li nu nng clo qu thp s khng tiu dit trit vi
sinh vt lm cho da b nhim vi sinh vt trong cc cng on sau ny.
- Thi gian ngm qu lu c th lm cho da b mm v mt cht dinh dng do b
ho tan trong nc, ngc li thi gian qu t th clo khng kp tiu dit ht vi sinh vt.
- Nc s dng phi t tiu chun nc cp sinh hot Yu cu cht lng: TCVN
5502-2003.
* Phng php thc hin:
- Da c 2 chn khc nhau c ngm ring trong 2 b nc Clo ha 50mg/l trong
thi gian 5 pht.
3.2.4. Ra sch:
* Mc ch: loi b clo st li trn b mt da sau giai on ngm v tp cht nm bn
trong mt da.
* Bin i chnh:
- Vt l: m bo da khng cn mi clo.
- Cm quan: da lc ny sch hon ton v c th em i s ch.
* Cc yu t nh hng:
- H thng c ra phi t yu cu sao cho c th c ra sch m khng lm dp da.
- Nc s dng phi t tiu chun nc cp sinh hot Yu cu cht lng: TCVN
5502-2003.

Trang 12
* Phng php thc hin:
- Dng h thng bn chi tre hoc r nm trong my ra c ra sch ht t ct
bm ngoi v sau ra li bng nc sch.
3.2.5. S ch 2:
* Mc ch: loi b phn li, v v mt da.
* Bin i chnh:
- Vt l: khi lng da gim do c loi b phn li, v v mt da.
* Cc yu t nh hng:
- sc, sch ca thit b t li, gt v phi t yu cu.
- S thnh tho trong thao tc (nht l thao tc loi b mt khng c lm hao ht
nguyn liu nhiu, phi loi b sch mt da, khng lm dp nguyn liu).
- Mi trng v thit b phi m bo v sinh.
* Phng php thc hin:
- Khi t li phi t mt cung da xung di. Nu c 2 mt u xin lch th tr
li b phn ct u cha li.
- Khng c t li mt ln nhiu cp hng khc nhau.
- ng knh t li phi ph hp vi bng trn v khng cn st li
- t li phi ngay thng khng c xin gy, st li v mt tht da
- Trc khi gt v phi kim tra cp hng ca da v iu chnh c dao theo bng
sau:
Bng 3.1. Qui nh v ng knh dao trc khi tin hnh t li cho da:
Cp hng 1 2
ng knh dao (mm) 70 75
ng knh trc li (mm) 18-20 20-25
Trang 13
- Da gt xong khng c st v xanh, v gt u n tht qu khng p v. Da
gt v xong khng c xp chng cc qu ln nhau m phi xp ng tng qu ln
bng chuyn chuyn sang b phn ct mt.
- Dng dao sc ct mt da. Trc khi ct mt phi gt sch nhng ng v
xanh cn st li thy r ng mt. Nhng vng c gt sch mt, mt da khu
gt v th khng c ct thm. Cc ng ct mt phi theo hnh xoy c mt rnh gn
nh tam gic. Nhng vt dao ct v sa phi nhn khng c n su vo gn n li.
- Yu cu da sau khi ct phi sch ht mt, ht ng v xanh, ht vt chn qu v
vt dp nh. Ch cho php cn nhng chm en nh nh u kim v nhng ht nm trong
tht da.
Ch :
Cng nhn khu sn xut ny nht thit phi mang gng tay cao su vo tay cm da
trnh da n mn da tay dn n nt n chy mu, gim nng sut lao ng v trong da
c cha nhiu cht Bromelin.
3.2.6. Ra 2:
* Mc ch: lm sch li da do trong qu trnh s ch c th nhim bn v loi b tp
cht cn st li.
* Bin i chnh:
- Ho sinh: nguyn liu t c sch nht nh.
* Cc yu t nh hng:
- Nc s dng phi t tiu chun v sinh nc n ung Yu cu cht lng:
TCVN 1329 - 2002.
* Phng php thc hin:
- Da sau khi c x l mt xong c bng chuyn a vo my ra 2 lm sch
tp cht trc khi c to hnh.

Trang 14
3.2.7. To hnh:
* Mc ch: nh dng nguyn liu theo yu cu (da khoanh, da r qut).
* Bin i chnh:
- Vt l: nguyn liu c nh hnh theo yu cu.
* Cc yu t nh hng:
- sc, sch ca dao.
- S kho lo, thnh tho ca cng nhn cng cao th da c nh hnh cng u,
p.
- Mi trng phi m bo v sinh, trnh nhim bn trong nguyn liu.
* Phng php thc hin:
- Ct khoanh: trc khi a vo my ct khoanh phi kim tra v iu chnh cc c
ng ng da sao cho ng khng ln hn ng knh qu da qu 3mm. iu chnh c li
ct theo dy ming da yu cu.
- Ct ring tng t theo cp hng v chn. Khi cho qu da vo ng phi nh
nhng chn mt phng cho vo trc, trong mi ng ch cho php ct 1 qu.
- Yu cu dy ca khoanh da khong 15mm, khoanh da phi u khng b
lch, 2 mt ct phi bng phng.
- Nhng khoanh da ct xong phi c chn ngay nhng khoanh t yu cu
chuyn sang b phn ng gi, cn nhng khoanh khng t yu cu chuyn sang b phn
ct ming r qut hoc ct ming vn.
- Ct ming r qut: trc khi ct ming r qut phi kim tra phm cp hng ca
khoanh da chn hnh thi ct li nht. Nu dng dao nhiu li ct khoanh thnh
nhng ming r qut c b mt khng di 3cm
2
th theo bng sau:

Trang 15
Bng 3.2. Yu cu v ng knh dao ct r qut cho da:
Cp hng 1 2
ng knh trc li dao (mm) 18-20 20-25
S ming t 1 khoanh 4-6 8
- Nhng khoanh v nt khng th ct r qut th ct thnh loi da vn (ming nh)
c chiu di khng qu 40mm.
- Ct thanh dc: chn mt phng nht ca qu da t trn tht dng dao ct b dc
qu da lm i ri lm 4, 6 hoc 8 ph thuc cc nht dao phi chuyn theo chiu dc
ng tm ca qu da. Yu cu ming da tng i u khng dp nt.
3.2.8. Lm lnh ng nhanh:
* Mc ch: trnh sn phm ln men ru v b nhim vi sinh vt.
* Bin i chnh:
- Vt l: da c lm lnh ng n -30
0
C.
- Ho l: qu trnh h hp ngng hon ton.
- Ho sinh: c ch hon ton hot ng ca vi sinh vt.
* Cc yu t nh hng:
- B phn cp ng ca h thng IQF phi m bo cp hi lnh v thi gian.
* Phng php thc hin:
- Da phi nhanh chng a vo lm lnh ng trong thit b IQF. Thi gian lnh
ng nhanh ph thuc vo loi da Ty v da Ta, kch thc ming da v khi lng sn
phm trong ti, thng t 5-25pht. Lc trung tm sn phm t -12
o
C v lng nc
trong sn phm s ng bng ti 85% sn phm t yu cu chuyn sang khu bao gi.

Trang 16
3.2.9. Bao gi:
* Mc ch: d ng kin, d nh lng, d phn phi.
* Bin i chnh:
- Vt l: da c bao gi trong bao LDPE khng cn tip xc vi khng kh bn
ngoi.
* Yu t nh hng: nguyn liu LDPE phi m bo dy, v sinh.
* Phng php thc hin:
- Da t yu cu lm lnh ng nhanh th cn tin hnh bao gi. Tng ti da
c nh lng (500g +10g) ti. Nguyn liu dng lm bao gi l LDPE.

Trang 17
CHNG 4 TNH CN BNG VT CHT
Bng 4.1. T l ph liu trong cc cng on ch bin da lnh ng
STT Cng on sn xut % ph liu
1 Chn, phn loi 8
2 S ch 1 (b cung, u) 13
3 Ngm st trng 0.5
4 Ra 1 0.5
5 S ch 2 (b v, li, mt) 41
6 Ra 2 0.5
7 To hnh 1
8 Cp ng IQF 0.5
9 Bao gi 0.5
10 Tng cng 65

4.1. Tnh cn bng vt cht theo nng sut:
4.1.1. Giai on chn, phn loi:

6 tn da nguyn liu
Chn, phn loi
T l hao ht: 8%
5520 kg nguyn liu
6000 6000 * 8% =5520
Trang 18
4.1.2. Giai on s ch 1 (ct cung, u):

4.1.3. Giai on ngm st trng:

4.1.4. Giai on ra 1:

4.1.5. Giai on s ch 2:

5520 kg da nguyn liu
S ch 1 T l hao ht: 13%
4740 kg nguyn liu
5520 6000 * 13% =4740
Ngm st trng
T l hao ht: 0.5%
4710 kg nguyn liu
4740 6000 * 0.5% =4710
Ra 1 T l hao ht: 0.5%
4680 kg nguyn liu
4710 6000 * 0.5% =4680
S ch 2 T l hao ht: 41%
2220 kg nguyn liu
4680 6000 * 41% =2220
Trang 19

4.1.7. Giai on to hnh:

4.1.8. Cp ng IQF:

4.1.9. Bao gi:

Ra 2
T l hao ht: 0.5%
2190 kg nguyn liu
2220 6000 * 0.5% =2190
To hnh T l hao ht: 1%
2130 kg nguyn liu
2190 6000 * 1% =2130
Cp ng -30
0
C v bao gi T l hao ht: 0.5%
2100 kg nguyn liu
2130 6000 * 0.5% =2100
Cp ng -30
0
C v bao gi T l hao ht: 0.5%
2070 kg nguyn liu
2100 6000 * 0.5% =2070
Trang 20
Bng 4.2. Bng tnh cn bng vt cht theo nng sut:
Giai on Lng vo (kg) Lng ra (kg)
Chn, phn loi 6000 5520
S ch 1 (b cung, u) 5520 4740
Ngm st trng 4740 4710
Ra 1 4710 4680
S ch 2 (b v, li, mt) 4680 2220
Ra 2 2220 2190
To hnh 2190 2130
Cp ng IQF 2130 2100
Bao gi 2100 2070

4.2.Tiu hao nguyn liu theo ngy, thng, nm:
Bng 4.3. Bng tiu hao nguyn liu theo ngy, thng, nm:

Ngy Thng (26 ngy) Nm (300 ngy)
Nguyn liu 6 tn 156 tn 1800 tn
Sn phm 2070 kg 53820 kg 621 tn
Nc thi 29.04 m
3
755.04 m
3
8712 m
3

Tp, ph phm 3930 kg 102180 kg 1,179 tn
Trang 21
CHNG 5 TNH V CHN THIT B
5.1. Thit b chnh:
5.1.1. Giai on s ch 2: da c x l b li, v
Bng 5.1. Thng s thit b x l li, v:
Thng s n v Gi tr
Nng sut Kg/h 500
Cng sut in kW 4
Chiu di mm 3000
Chiu rng mm 1500
Chiu cao mm 1800

Da mi ngm st trng trong dung dch Chlorine, sau dng my ra c bn chi ra
li. Chn thit b c thng s nh bng sau:
Bng 5.2. Thng s thit b ra c bn chi:
Thng s n v Gi tr
Nng sut Kg/h 500
Cng sut in kW 2
Chiu di mm 2000
Chiu rng mm 1000
Chiu cao mm 1500

Trang 22
5.1.3. Giai on to hnh cho nguyn liu:
Ch yu to hnh cho nguyn liu theo dng khoanh v r qut, ta chn thit b ct khoanh
v ct r qut cho da c cc thng s nh sau:
Bng 5.3. Thng s thit b ct khoanh:
Thng s n v Gi tr
Nng sut Kg/h 500
Cng sut in kW 1
Chiu di mm 1500
Chiu rng mm 900
Chiu cao mm 1200

Bng 5.4. Thng s thit b ct r qut:
Thng s n v Gi tr
Nng sut Kg/h 500
Cng sut in kW 1
Chiu di mm 1000
Chiu rng mm 800
Chiu cao mm 800

Da sau khi c s ch 2 (b li, v, mt) c ra ln 2. Ta chn thit b ra c thng
s nh sau:

Trang 23
Bng 5.5. Thng s bn ra:
Thng s n v Gi tr
Kch thc bng ti mm 6560L * 400W
Kch thc c s mm 2000L * 600B * 900H
Nng sut kg 500kg/h
ng c in kW 0.37kw/3p/220 - 380V/50Hz
Kch thc my mm 2800L * 750B * 200H
Ngun in kW 4

5.1.5. Bng chuyn:
Nguyn liu c chuyn t ng bng bng chuyn n cc khu x l bt u t khu ra
1 n ht h thng IQF.
Bng 5.6. Thng s bng chuyn t ng:
Thng s n v Gi tr
Nng sut kg 500
Cng sut kW 0.4
Kch thc mm 770W*1592H
Chiu rng mm 508
ng c in (Motor) kW 0.37kW/3p/220 - 380V/50Hz

Trang 24
5.1.6. Lnh ng IQF:
Da sau khi c to hnh tu theo yu cu s c bng chuyn a vo h thng IQF n
khi 500 kg s c tin hnh lnh ng n -30
0
C.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca thit b:
Trong sut thi gian cp ng, khi sn phm di chuyn xuyn qua bung cp ng trn
nhng bng chuyn, hng ngn tia kh lnh vi tc cao hng trc tip v lin tc ln mt trn
v mt di ca sn phm thi hi nng bao bc quanh sn phm y nhanh qu trnh trao i
nhit. Cc tia kh lnh ny lm lnh t hiu qu tng ng phng php nhng Nit lng.
Khi cc tia kh lnh thi qua b mt sn phm, trn b mt sn phm nhanh chng to
nn mt lp bng mng bao bc quanh sn phm, lm gim mt nc v gi sn phm khng b
bin dng v mt c hc. Hnh dng v kch thc ban u ca sn phm c duy tr trong sut
qu trnh cp ng.
Ta chn h thng lnh ng IQF theo cc thng s sau:
Bng 5.7. Thng s ca thit b IQFMK/T500-06:
Thng s n v Gi tr
Cng sut cp ng kg/h 500
Cng sut lnh (n -45
0
C) kW 110
Chiu rng bng ti mm 500
Chiu di bung ng-L mm 6000
Chiu rng bung ng-B mm 3300
Chiu cao bung ng H mm 3500
Thi gian cp ng pht 1-30
Ngun din kW 380V/3p/50Hz

Trang 25
5.1.7. Thit b bao gi:
Bng 5.8. Thng s k thut ca thit b bao gi ca hng TMC Machinery:
Thng s n v Gi tr
Nng sut kg 500
Cng sut kW 3.6
Kch thc mm 2300L * 560B * 1410H
ng c in (Motor) kW 1.1 kW/3p/220 - 380V/50Hz

Bng 5.9. Tng kt thit b chnh:
Thit b Nng sut Kch thc (mm) S lng
Bn ra 500kg/h 750W * 2800L * 1000H 1
Bng chuyn 500kg/h 770W*1592H
IQF 500kg/h 6000L*3300B*3500H 1
Thit b x l
u, li, v
80 qu/pht 3000L*1500B*1800H 1
My ra bn
chi
500kg/h 2000L*1000B*1500H 1
Thit b ct da
r qut
500kg/h 1000L*800B*800H 1
Thit b ct
khoanh
500kg/h 1500L*900B*1200H 1
Thit b bao gi 500kg/h 2300L * 560B * 1410H 1

Trang 26
5.2. Thit b ph:
5.2.1. Cn da nguyn liu:
Da nguyn liu c cn lc c tip nhn ti nh my v cn nh lng da nguyn
liu cho tng m lm vic.
t hng cn da nguyn liu loi cn bn, vn hnh bng tay c cc thng s k thut nh
sau:
Bng 5.10. Bng thng s k thut ca cn da nguyn liu:
Tn gi n v Thng s
Ti trng ti a kg 500
Ti trng ti thiu kg 50
Chiu cao mm 1500
Kch thc bn cn (LxB) mm x mm 1000 x 800
Trng lng kg 200

5.2.2. Ngm st trng:
Da sau khi c chn, phn loi v s ch 1 (ct cun, bng) th c ngm st trng
bng dd chlorine 50mg/l. Ta chn 2 thng mi thng c th tch 2m
3

.

5.2.3. Bm:
Bm nc cho giai on ngm ra nguyn liu, v sinh thit b nh xng v phng chy
cha chy, ta chn bm c cc thng s k thut nh sau:

Trang 27
Bng 5.11. Thng s k thut ca bm:
Tn gi n v Thng s
Nng sut m
3
/h 3.6
p sut ton phn m ct nc 20
S vng quay Vng/pht 1450
Chiu cao ht m nc 2.8
Nhit nc
0
C -40 90
Cng sut kw 0.5

Bng 5.12. Tng kt thit b ph:
Thit b Nng sut Kch thc S lng
Cn bn 500kg LxB=1000mm x 800mm 2
Bm 3.6m
3
/h 3
Thng cha 2m
3
2
Dao ct mt L =100mm 20
Bn ct mt LxB=700mmx150mm 1

Trang 28
CHNG 6 TNH IN, NC, NNG LNG
6.1. Tnh in:
6.1.1. in ng lc:
Bng 6.1. in nng tiu th ca cc thit b
Thit b in nng (kw/h) S lng tng in
Thit b x l li, v 4 1 4
My ra bn chi 2 1 2
Thit b ct da r qut 1 1 1
Thit b ct khoanh 1 1 1
My ra 0.37 2 0.74
Bng chuyn 0.4 0.4
IQF 110 1 110
Bm 0.5 3 1.5
Thit b bao gi 3.6 1 3.6
Tng cng 124.24

Ly cng sut ph tr l 15% tng cng sut ca cc ng c, vy cng sut ng lc ca
phn xng l P
l
=1.15 * 124.24 =142.876 (kW).
Cng sut tnh ton P
tt
=K
c
* P
l
=0.7 * 142.876 =100.0132 (kW).
Trong K
c
=0.7 l h s cn dng, ph thuc vo mc ph ti ca cc thit b lm
vic khng ng thi.

Trang 29
6.1.2. in chiu sng:
- Tiu chun v chiu sng trong phn xng thc phm l 300 lux.
1 bng n: 2650 lm 1 bng n chiu sng c 2650/300 = 8.83 (m
2
).
- Din tch phn xng l: 12 * 15 =180 (m
2
).
S bng n cn: 180/8.83 =21 (bng).
- Cng sut nh mc ca n hunh quang l 40W.
Cng sut chiu sng: P
cs
=40 * 21 =840 (W) =0.84 (kW).
- Tng in chiu sng v ng lc dng trong phn xng sn xut l:
P =100.0132 +0.84 =100.85 (kW).

6.1.3. Xc nh h s cng sut v tnh dung lng b:
H s cng sut:
Trong cc nh my thc phm thng dng loi ng c khng ng b hay gi l ng
c cm ng, cng sut phn khng to ra t trng. V vy, h s cng sut thp, do ta tnh
theo cng sut trung bnh (cos
tb
) ch khng tnh theo cng sut nh mc (cos
dm
).

2 2
tt tt
tt
tb
Q P
P
Cos
+
=
E

P
ttE
=P
tt
+K
cs
* P
cs
=100.0132 +0.9 * 0.84 =100.77(kW).
K
cs
: h s khng ng b, K
cs
=0.9.
Q
tt
=cng sut phn khng, Q
tt
=P
ttE
* tg
tb.
Vi nh my sn xut rau qu ng lnh, thng thng cos
tb
=0.6 tg
tb
=1.33
Q
tt
=100.77 * 1.33=134.02 (kW)
Tnh dung lng t b: tm cch nng cao cos gim tn tht in trn ton ng dy,
gim tn tht in cho cc my v thit b ng b. Ta dng t tnh in:
Q
b
=P
tt
* (tg
1
- tg
2
) =100.0132 * (250 -0.48)
Trang 30
Trong :
tg
1
=1.33 ng vi cos
1
=0.6.
tg
2
=0.48 ng vi cng sut cn nng cos
1
=0.9.
Q
b
=100.0132 * (1.33 0.48) =85.01 (kW).
Chn t in ca cng ty TNHH thit b in min ng (Tp. H Ch Minh) vi cc
thng s k thut sau:
- Loi t: BZMJO.415-10-3
- in p lm vic: 0.415 kV
- Cng sut nh mc: 10 kW
- in dung: 185 F
Vy s t cn l: n =Q
b
/10 =9 (t).
Tnh li h s cng sut :
cos =P
ttE
/(( P
tt
)
2
+(Q
tt
n * 10)
2
)
1/2
=0.92.

6.1.4. Chn my bin p:
- m bo cho vic sn xut n nh, ta chn 2 my bin p (hot ng thay phin
nhau), chn ph ti lm vic c cng sut bng 80% cng sut nh mc ca my.
- Cng sut my bin p:
101.345
0,8 112.6( )
cos 0.9
tt
dm
P
P xS kW
E
= > = = (sa li gi tr ca
P v kt qu tnh)
Suy ra: S
m
=139.96 (kW).
Chn my bin p c cc thng s k thut d kin nh bng 6.2.

Trang 31
Bng 6.2: Thng s k thut d kin ca my bin p loi TM 15 ca Cng ty TNHH
Thit b in min ng:
Thng s n v tnh Gi tr
Cng sut kW 150
in p ngn mch kV 4
Chiu di mm 400
Chiu rng mm 400
Chiu cao mm 300
xem li c hp l ko?
6.2.Tnh nc: (cho mt ngy sn xut)
6.2.1. Nc ra da:
- rng ca da: 40%.
- T trng: 1.2 1.3 kg/lt.
- ngm 400 kg da cn 1 thng cha c th tch khong 2m
3
.
Th tch nc ngm ngp da:

( ) 4 . 0 1 * 1 . 1
400
=606.06 (lt)
- Th tch nc d = 15% * V
thng
=15% * 2 =0,3 (m
3
) =300 (lt).
- Th tch ngm 400 kg da = 606.06 + 300 = 906.06 (lt).
- Nc cn cho giai on ngm st trng vi khi lng nguyn liu trong giai on ny
l 4740 kg:
V
ngm
=4740 * 906.06/400 =10736.8 (lt).

Trang 32
- Nc cn cho giai on ra 1 vi khi lng nguyn liu trong giai on ny l
4710kg:
V
ra 1
=4710 * 906.06/400 =10668.9 (lt)
- Nc cn cho ra 2 vi khi lng nguyn liu trong giai on ny l 2220 kg:
V
ra 2
=2220 * 906.06/400 =5028.6 (lt)
- Tng lng nc s dng cho qu trnh x l nguyn liu:
V
tng
=V
ngm
+V
ra 1
+V
ra 2
=10736.8 +10668.9 +5028.6 =26400 (lt) =26.4 (m
3
).

6.2.2. Nc v sinh thit b, nh xng:
Ty theo tnh hnh sn xut thc t ti nh my, sch ca thit b, nh xng m ta s
dng lng nc v sinh nhiu hay t. y ta chn lng nc v sinh thit b, nh xng bng
20% lng nc ra nguyn liu:
V
v sinh
=20% * V
tng
=20% * 26.4 =5.28 (m
3
).
Vy tng lng nc cn dng cho 1 ngy:
V =V
tng
+V
v sinh
=26.4 +5.28 =31.68 (m
3
).

6.3. Tnh nng lng:
- Nhit lng cn cp ng cho da n -30
0
C:
- Da c cp ng -30
0
C.
- Nng sut 500kg/h.
- Nhit lng cn lm lnh da t 25
0
C n -30
0
C

l: Q =G
sp
* ( i
d
i
c
) * 1/t
- Trong :
G
sp
l khi lng sn phm cp ng.
Vi i
d =
81,89 kcal/kj
,
i
c
=0,0356 kcal/kj ln lt l entanpi ca nguyn liu vo v ra.
t : thi gian cp ng (h), chn t= 25 pht.
Trang 33
Q =500 * (81,89 0,0356) * 1/0,4166 =196,48 (kW).
Tnh v chn ni hi:
Nh my dng hi nc bo ha cp nhit trc tip hay gin tip trong qu trnh v
sinh thit b, nh xng. Tuy nhin, trong phn xng ch dng hi nc v sinh thit b IQF,
vi th tch ton thit b IQF l 60m
3
nhng thc t phn cn v sinh ch khong 20 m
3
.
Lng hi cn tiu tn l 20 m
3
/h.
T khi hi ca khng kh l 1,293kg/m
3
.
Khi lng hi cn v sinh thit b IQF l: 20 * 1,293 = 25.86 (kg hi/h).
d phng trng hp m rng sn xut hoc s dng cng mt lc cho nhiu mc
ch khc, ta chn ni hi c nng sut 100 kg hi/h.
Chn ni hi c thng s nh sau:
Bng 6.3. Thng s k thut ca thit b ni hi NHOL05/8:
Tn gi n v tnh Thng s
Nng sut hi kg/h 100
p sut lm vic bar 7

- Tnh nhin liu cho ni hi:
- Nhin liu t l du FO.
- Khi lng du FO s dng (gn ng):
M =

q
r G
[kg/gi]
- Trong :
- G: lng hi bo ha dng trong 1 gi, G = 25.86 (kg/h).
- r: n nhit ha hi ca nc p sut 7bar, r = 2067 (KJ/kg).
- q: nhit tr ca nhin liu, q = 40375 (KJ/kg).
- : h s hu ch ca ni hi, = 0,8.
- Vy lng du FO cn dng l:
M =(25.86 * 2067)/(40375 * 0.8)=1.65 (kg/h).

Trang 34
- Th tch du FO cn dng trong 1 ngy l:
V = (1.65 * 24)/0.874=45.31 (lt/h).
- Qu trnh truyn nhit bng hi nc bo ha s dng li 80% nc ngng t, nn th
tch nc phi cung cp thm cho ni hi trong 1 ngy l 20%:
V
nc
=25.86 24 0,2 =124.128 (m
3
/ngy).
Mt ngy cp ng 3 m, sau mi ln cp ng ta v sinh thit b IQF mt ln.
Mt ngy lm v sinh 3 ln cn 45.31 * 3 =135.93 lt du FO.
Trang 35
CHNG 7 TNH TON XY DNG PHN XNG SN
XUT
7.1. Tnh ton xy dng phn xng sn xut:
Bng 7.1. Kch thc cc thit b:
Thit b Kch thc S lng Din tch (m
2
)
Bn ra 2800L * 750B * 1000H 1 2.1
Bng chuyn 770B * 1592H
IQF 6000L * 3300B * 3500H 1 19.8
Thit b x l li,
v
3000L * 1500B * 1800H 1 4.5
My ra bn chi 2000L * 1000B * 1500H 1 2
Thit b ct da r
qut
1000L * 800B * 800H 1 0.8
Thit b ct khoanh 1500L * 900B * 1200H 1 1.35
Thng ngm 2000L * 1000B * 1000H 2 4
Thit b bao gi 2300L * 560B * 1410H 1 1.28
Bn ct mt 7000L * 1500B * 700H 1 10.5

Vy tng din tch ca cc thit b l: 46.33 (m
2
).
Da vo din tch chim ch ca thit b trong nh my v khong cch gia cc thit b
t 1 1.5 m (ty vo thit b), vi cc bc ct l 6m, nhp ct l 3m. Sau khi b tr ta thit k
phn xng c din tch l 12m * 15m.

Trang 36
7.2. Tnh ton xy dng kho cha nguyn liu:
Nng sut ca phn xng l 6 tn da nguyn liu mi ngy, phi d tr da nguyn liu
chun b cho ngy sn xut hm sau nn chng ta cn xy dng kho cha cho 12 tn da.
Da vo t trng v rng ca da, ta c:
T trng ca da l 1.2 1.3 kg/lt.
Th tch ca 12 tn da l: 12000/ [1.2 * (1 0.4)] =16,666.66 (lt) =16.67 (m
3
).
Ta thnh 4 khi da, mi khi c th tch l: 16.67/4 =4.17 (m
3
).
Ta chn kch thc cho mi khi l 2m * 4m * 0.5m.
Mi khi cch nhau 0.8m, cch tng 1m. V vy ta c c din tch kho l 6mx12m.

Bng 7.1. Bng tng kt k hoch xy dng phn xng sn xut:
Tn cng trnh c im Din tch (m
2
)
Nh xng Ton khi b tng (12 x 12) 144
Kho cha Nn b tng, tng v mi tn 72

1m
0.8m
2m
4m
Hnh 7.1. S b tr kho cha da nguyn liu
Trang 37
CHNG 8 TNH TON KINH T

8.1. Vn u t vo thit b sn xut:
Bng 8.1.Vn u t cc thit b:
STT Tn thit b n v S
lng
n gi
(triu)
Thnh tin (triu)
1 Bn ra Ci 1 3 3
2 Bng chuyn mt 10 2 20
3 Thit b IQF my 1 400 400
4 Thit b x l u, li,
v
my 1 75 55
5 My ra bn chi my 1 30 30
6 Thit b ct da r
qut
my 1 25 25
7 Thit b ct khoanh my 1 25 25
8 My bin p my 1 40 40
9 Thit b bao gi my 1 80 80
10 Cn bn ci 2 10 20
11 Bn ct mt ci 1 7 7
12 Dao ct mt ci 20 0.05 1
13 Bm ci 3 6 18
14 Thng ngm ci 2 15 30
15 T b ci 9
16 Tng 704 +t b
Trang 38
8.2. Vn u t vo xy dng phn xng sn xut:
Bng 8.2.Vn u t cc cng trnh xy dng phn xng sn xut:
Tn cng trnh c im Din tch
(m
2
)
n gi (triu
ng/m
2
)
Thnh tin
Xy dng nh
xng
Ton khi b tng
(12 x 12)
144 2 288
Xy dng kho
cha da
Nn b tng,
tng v mi tn
72 1.2 86.4
Tng 216 374.4

8.3. u t nguyn liu:
Tnh lng LDPE s dng:
- ng gi da cp ng vi khi lng 500g/bao.
- Bao LDPE c kch thc 20x30cm.
- B dy 1 lp bao l 200m.
- Khi lng 1 bao l: 2 * (20 * 30 * 0.02 * 0.925) =22.2 (g).
- Trong t trng ca LDPE l 0.925g/cm
3
.
- Nng sut cp ng l 2100kg/ngy vy cn 2100/0.5 = 4200 bao LDPE
Lng LDPE cn : 4200x 22.2 =93240 (g) =93.24 (kg).

Trang 39
Bng 8.3. u t nguyn liu mi ngy:

STT Nguyn liu S lng n gi (VND) Thnh tin (VND)
1 Da 6000 kg 1,500 9,000,000
2 LDPE 93.5 kg 55,000 5,142,500
3 Du FO 135.93 lt 40,000 5,437,200
4 Nc 31.68 m
3
3,000 95,040
5 Hi nc 25.86 Kg hi/h
Trang 40
CHNG 9
An ton lao ng - Phng chy cha chy - V sinh cng nghip
9.1. An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy:
Vn an ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy trong qu trnh sn xut l mt vn
ht sc quan trng ca nh my, x nghip. Thc hin tt cng tc an ton lao ng v phng
chy cha chy khng nhng m bo an ton v sc kho cho ngi lao ng m cn ngn
nga c nhng thit hi ln v ti sn cng nh tnh mng ca cng nhn.
9.1.1. An ton lao ng:
m bo an ton lao ng l tm mi cch phng nga tai nn v hn ch n mc ti
thiu cc s c c th dn n tai nn khi cng nhn lm vic ng thi c nhng bin php x l
kp thi khi xy ra s c.
9.1.1.1. Chng kh c:
Kh CO
2
sinh ra do qu trnh ln men nu tch t vi nng ln c th s gy ngt th
cho cng nhn, nht l cng nhn v sinh thit b ln men. Ta c th dng cc bin php thu hi
kh ny tn dng vo mc ch khc. ng thi nh xng cn phi thng thong, phi trng
cy xanh xung quanh nh my lm sch mi trng, gim ting n, to cnh quan cho nh
my.
9.1.1.2. Chng n v chng rung:
Ting n v chn ng nh hng khng tt n sc kho ca cng nhn nh gy mi
mt, mch p v nhp th tng, huyt p tng, km tp trung, nh hng n thnh gic, kh
nng lm vic b gim st.
Khc phc:
- Thng xuyn tra du m vo cc my. Pht hin v sa cha kp thi cc b
phn r, c hay b mn.
- Gim rung bng cch lp rp chnh xc cc thit b, cch ly cc mng my vi
sng, di b my c lt cc tm n hi hay b phn chng sc, c th gn cc l
so gim rung cho thit b.
Trang 41
- S dng cc dng c bo h lao ng chng n trong qu trnh sn xut.
9.1.1.3. An ton v thit b chu p:
Cc thit b chu p trong nh my nh ni hi, my nn,. cn m bo vn hnh ng
theo ch dn. Cn phi kim tra nh k v chu lc ca thit b, chnh xc ca p k, van
an ton. Phi sa cha kp thi hay thay th cc thit b khi b h hng.
Ni hi phi t xa ni sn xut, phi c van an ton v h thng t ng ngng t l khi
p sut.
Cc thng ln men thng xuyn kim tra kn, trnh hin tng r r.
9.1.1.4. An ton v s dng in:
m bo an ton cn phi m bo cc nguyn tc sau:
- Cng nhn phi tuyt i thc hin ni quy an ton v in.
- Cc ng dy in phi c bao bc k, khng h bt k ch no.
- Khng t my gn cc b phn sinh nhit.
- B tr ng dy xa tm tay hay ng i li ca cng nhn trong phn xng, b tr
cu dao in hp l ngt kp thi khi c s c.
- Khi vn hnh thao tc gn in phi c dng c cch in.
- Trm bin p phi c ro chn, ngn khng cho ngi vo vng nguy him.
9.1.1.5. An ton khi s dng my mc:
Ngi cng nhn ng my cn hiu r v nguyn tc hot ng, cch vn hnh ca my
mc trnh cc s c h hng thit b v tai nn xy ra.
9.1.1.6. An ton lao ng trong phng th nghim, KCS:
Cn nm vng cc c im ca ho cht, ca phn ng ho hc. d kin cc s c xy ra
ng thi ra phng php phng nga v x l s c.
9.1.2. Phng chy cha chy:
Thc hin cc yu cu sau trong phng chy cha chy:
Trang 42
Trong tng phn xng phi c cc bnh cha chy. Nh my phi c h thng d tr
nc cho phng chy cha chy. Thng xuyn t chc hi thao pccc hun luyn cho cc cn
b cng nhn vin bit thc v PCCC.
Qun o dnh du m phi git sch hoc treo trong t kn trnh bt la.
Sau gi lm vic phi lun v sinh sch s phn xng sn xut, cc kho d tr.
Tt c ng i trong nh my phi trng d dng di chuyn ngi, ti sn v xe khi
c s c.
Cm ht thuc nhng ni d pht sinh la, in.
9.2. V sinh cng nghip:
9.2.1. V sinh thit b nh xng:
Nh xng cn m bo thng gi thong kh.
Cc thit b trong phn xng phi c lm v sinh bng xt, acid, nc nng sau mi
m. cc thng ln men, nc ra phi c kim tra vi sinh.
Ti phn xng chit rt, phi v sinh chai, nt trc khi chit rt.
Thng xuyn kh trng cc thit b v cc ng ng dn. Tin hnh tng v sinh trong phn
xng 1 tun 1 ln, v sinh ton nh my 1 thng 1 ln.
Tt c cc my mc phi c b phn bo tr.
9.2.2. V sinh cng nhn:
Bn cnh vic bo m v sinh cho sn xut, cn ch n v sinh cho cng nhn:
Cng nhn phi mc ng phc khi lm vic, phi tun th cc nguyn tc v v sinh an
ton lao ng. Cng nhn phi kim tra sc kho nh k 6 thng 1 ln.
Nh v sinh phi c lau chi sch s v m bo cung cp nc cho cng nhn s
dng. Phng thay qun o phi c cc ngn, mc treo.

Trang 43
CHNG 10 KT LUN V XUT

Thit k phn xng sn xut l mt phn ca thit k nh my, i hi ngi thit k phi
c kin thc tng qut, khng ch lnh vc cng ngh m cn phi c kin thc v thc t v
nhiu kin thc ph tr khc.
Thc hin n mn hc Cng ngh thc phm ln ny v ti thit k phn xng sn
xut da lnh ng em li cho chng em thm rt nhiu kin thc, c bit l nhng kin
thc thc t. Qua , chng em v c bn c th t thit k c mt phn xng sn xut
thc phm theo yu cu.
Vic thit k phn xng sn xut da lnh ng l thc s cn thit p ng vi nhu cu
ngy cng tng ca x hi, tn dng c li th v ngun nguyn liu v thnh tu khoa hc k
thut th hin qua dy chuyn sn xut gn nh l hon ton t ng.
Vi mt phn xng sn xut thc phm m bo pht trin bn vng v lu di chng
em ngh nn thc hin tt cc qui nh v an ton lao ng v c bit l cc yu cu v v sinh
an ton thc phm, ngy cng c nhiu c s sn xut thc phm p dng h thng HACCP - H
thng phn tch mi nguy v kim sot cc im ti hn. Vi HACCP, vic kim sot v sinh
thc phm da vo cc h thng cc bin php phng nga hiu qu t khu nguyn liu, bn
thnh phm, thnh phm, th hin qua vic kim sot cc qu trnh cng ngh, mi trng, con
ngi thc hin bng vic phn tch, xy dng v t chc kim sot cc mi nguy him ti cc
im kim sot trng im trong c dy chuyn sn xut ch khng ch kim tra cc ch tiu trn
sn phm cui cng.
Vic p dng cc qui phm v v sinh an ton thc phm cng cn thit hn i vi cc c
s sn xut thc phm nhm mc ch xut khu, cng tc kim sot v sinh cn thc hin mc
cao hn nhm p ng yu cu ca nh nhp khu m cc phn xng sn xut rau qu ng
lnh nc ta ch yu phc v cho xut khu.
Tuy nhin, vi gn 10 tun tm hiu thc hin n ny cng vi vn kin thc cn hn
ch ng thi y cng l ln u tin chng em thc hin thit k mt phn xng sn xut nn
Trang 44
n ny chc chn s khng trnh khi nhng sai st m chng em nhn thy qua nhng im
sau:
Phn chn thit b: kh nng tm ti liu trn mng cn hn ch nn cc thng s ca thit b
nhiu khi s khng hp l vi thc t sn xut.
Phn tnh kinh t: ch mc tng i v gi tin ca thit b ch mang tnh tham kho
nn khng xc nh c chnh xc hiu qu kinh t m n thit k mang li.
V vy, chng em rt mong nhn c s ch dn ca thy c b sung thm kin thc
ca mnh.

Thiet Ke Phan Xuong San Xuat Dua Lanh Dong

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