a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f ug{ ag]sf] P]g k|:tfjgf M d'n'ssf] ;du| a}ls

tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLk|lt ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ljZj;gLotf clej[l4 u/L lgIf]kstf{sf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :j:Yo k|lt:kwf{af6 ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo tyf e/kbf]{ a}ls tyf ljQLo dWo:ytf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg, a}ls tyf ljQLo If]q ;DaGwL hf]lvd sd ug{, a}ls tyf ljQLo If]qsf] pbf/Ls/0f u/L g]kfn /fHosf] cy{tGqnfO{ ;an tyf ;'b[9 agfpg tyf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf, ;+rfng, Joj:yfkg / lgodgsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf] tTsfn ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f u/L ;dofg's"n agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf]n]], k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)^# hf/L ePsf] klxnf] jif{df k|ltlglw;efn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b!
k|f/lDes
1.

;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# /x]sf]5 . -@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 . -#_ of] P]g g]kfn /fHoe/ nfu" x'g]5 / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fHoaflx/ hxfF;'s} vf]n]sf sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf, -s_ /fi6 a}+s eGgfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* adf]lhd :yfkgf

ePsf] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s ;Demg' k5{ . -v_ a}+s eGgfn] bkmf $& sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ . ljQLo ;+:yf eGgfn] bkmf $& sf] pkbkmf -@_, -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] sf/f]af/ ug{ ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ . / ;f] zJbn] ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL jf n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+s ;d]tnfO{ hgfp+5 . k|aGwkq eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ljwfg ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . lgodfjnL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL ;Demg' k5{ . ;+:yfks eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{sf] nflu k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf sDtLdf Ps z]o/ lng dGh"/ u/L ;+:yfkssf] x}l;otn] x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQm ;Demg' k5{ . z]o/ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k"FhLsf] ljeflht c+z ;Demg' k5{ . z]o/wgL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/df :jfldTj ePsf]

-u_

3_

-_

-r_

-5_

-h_

JolQm ;Demg' k5{ . -em_ ljj/0fkq eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf ^ adf]lhd k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0fkq ;Demg' k5{ . -`_ ;ldlt eGgfn] bkmf !@ adf]lhd u7g x'g] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ . cWoIf eGgfn] ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Demg' k5{ . ;+rfns eGgfn] ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] cWoIf / a}slNks ;+rfns ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . kbflwsf/L eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, ;lrj / sd{rf/L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;Nnfxsf/, n]vfk/LIfs / lnSjL8]6/ eO{ sfd ug]{ JolQm ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . Ohfhtkq eGgfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfddf hf/L u/]sf] Ohfhtkq ;Demg' k5{ .

-6_ -7_

-8_

-9_

-0f_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf eGgfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ . -t_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ eGgfn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug]{ bkmf $& df

pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] ;Demg' k5{ . -y_

sf/f]af/

k"FhL eGgfn] bkmf $) adf]lhdsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] clws[t kF'hL, hf/L kF'hL jf r'Qmf k"FhL ;Demg' k5{ . k"FhLsf]if eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|fylds k"FhL / k"/s k"FhLsf] of]u ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;f] ;+:yfsf] cGo sf]if ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5. k|fylds k"FhL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhL, z]o/ lk|ldod, lkmtf{ gx'g] cu|flwsf/ z]o/, ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if / ;l~rt gfkmfgf]S;fg zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf k|fylds k"FhL egL tf]lslbPsf] cGo zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . k"/s k"FhL eGgfn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf zLif{sx?df /x]sf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ . hf]lvdefl/t ;DklQ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jf;nftleqsf / jf;nft aflx/sf k|To]s zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] hf]lvdef/n] u'0fg u/L lgsflnPsf] s'n ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ .

-b_

-w_

-g_

-k_

-km_ t/n;DklQ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gub df}Hbft, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] rNtL vftfdf /fv]sf] df}Hbft, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sdf /fv]sf] df}Hbft / /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf t/n ;DklQ egL lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ . -a_ lgIf]k eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] rNtL, art jf d'2tL vftfdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf ljleGg ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 :jLsf/ ug]{ /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . rNtL vftf eGgfn] dfu]sf] avt hlxn] klg lemSg kfpg] u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ . art vftf eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf artsf] lgldQ /flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ . d'2tL vftf eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lglZrt cjlw;Dd hDdf /xg] u/L /flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ . shf{ eGgfn] /sd k|jfx ug]{, k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf k|Tofe"lt / To;sf] abnfdf nufgL u/]sf] /sd c;'nL ug]{ clwsf/ tyf To:tf shf{sf] Aofh jf cGo b:t'/sf] r'Qmf, shf{ jf

-e_

-d_

-o_

-/_

nufgLsf] lwtf]df lbOPsf] k'gs{hf{, shf{sf] k'g;{+/rgf / gljs/0f, shf{ r'Qmfsf] nflu hf/L ul/Psf] hdfgL tyf shf{ r'Qmfsf] nflu ul/Psf] cGo arga4tf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] C0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . -n_ d'b|f eGgfn] s'g} lsl;dsf] s/]G;L gf]6, kf]:6n c8{/, kf]:6n gf]6, dlg c8{/, r]s, 8f6, 6fen;{ r]s, k|tLtkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, q]ml86 sf8{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] cGo o:t} k|sf/sf df}lb|s pks/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . ljb]zL d'b|f eGgfn] g]kfnL d'b|f afx]ssf] cGo d'b|f ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] cGt/f{li6o d'b|f sf]ifaf6 /sd lemSg] ljz]if clwsf/ -:k]zn 8O /fO6\;_, Plzog s/]G;L o'lg6, o'/f]lkog s/]G;L o'lg6 tyf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] cGo pks/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . ljb]zL ljlgdo eGgfn] ljb]zL d'b|f, ljb]zL d'b|fdf e'QmfgL x'g] jf k|fKt x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf] lgIf]k, shf{, df}Hbft, ljb]zL lwtf]kq / ljb]zL d'b|fdf e'QmfgL x'g] jf x'g;Sg] cGt/f{li6o k|rngdf /x]sf r]s,

-j_

-z_

8f6, ofq'r]s, ljB'tLo /sdfGt/ On]S6f]lgs km08 6fG;km/_, q]ml86sf8{, k|tLtkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] cGo h'g;'s} df}lb|s pks/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . -if_ kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|f eGgfn] /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|f egL tf]lslbPsf] ljb]zL d'b|f ;Demg' k5{ . ljB'tLo /sdfGt/ -On]S6f]lgs km08 6fG;km/_ eGGffn] 6]lnkmf]g, 6]n]S;, sDKo"6/ jf DofUg]l6s 6]k jf To:t} k|sf/sf cGo ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg], /sdfGt/ ug]{ sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]lzg / Sof; l8:k]lG; d]lzgsf] dfWodaf6 x'g] sf/f]af/ / rfh{ sf8{, 8]lj6 sf8{ tyf q]ml86 sf8{af6 x'g] sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . k|tLtkq eGgfn] s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfddf s'g} JolQmsf] lglZrt /sdn] vfd];Ddsf] r]s, 8f6, x'08L jf ljlgdokq :jLsf/ ug'{ egL n]v]sf] kq ;Demg' k5{ . ljlgd]o eGgfn] ljlgd]o

-;_

-x_

-If_

clwsf/kq kfpg] s'g} JolQmnfO{ wf/s aGg ;Sg] u/L ;f] kq x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfd ;Demg' k5{ . -q_ ljlgd]o clwsf/kq eGgfn] k|lt1fkq, ljlgdokq jf r]s ;Demg' k5{ . ljlgdokq eGgfn] s'g} lglZrt ldltdf jf s'g} lglZrt cjlw kl5 jf dfu]sf] avt ;f] kqdf n]lvPsf] s'g} vf; JolQmnfO{ jf lghn] cx|fPsf] JolQmnfO{ jf ;f] kq lnO{ cfpg] JolQmnfO{ lagf zt{ s'g} lglZrt /sd lbg' egL s'g} Ps JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ lgb]{zg u/L b:tvt ul/lbPsf] lnvt ;Demg' k5{ .

-1_

-ss_ k|lt1fkq eGgfn] lglZrt ldltdf jf s'g} lglZrt cjlw kl5 jf dfu]sf] avt ;f] kqdf n]lvPsf] s'g} vf; JolQmnfO{ jf lghn] cx|fPsf] JolQmnfO{ jf ;f] kq lnO{ cfpg] JolQmnfO{ lagf zt{ s'g} lglZrt /sd lbG5' egL sa'n u/L b:tvt ul/lbPsf] lnvt ;Demg' k5{ . -sv_ jf;nft aflx/sf] sf/f]af/ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bfloTj Joxf]g'{ kg]{ ;Defjgf ePsf] k|tLt kq, hdfgtkq, :jLsf/kq, k|lta4tf, ljb]zL ljlgdo ;DaGwL :jfk, cK;g, clu|d sf/f]af/ / To:t} k|sf/sf cGo sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{. -su_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L cWoIf,

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t, sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, k|aGw lgb]{zs, k|aGw ;+rfns, sfo{sf/L ;+rfns jf dxfk|aGws ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ cGo kbflwsf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . -s3_ sfof{no eGgfn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] If]qLo, zfvf, pk zfvf, k|zfvf, Onfsf, k|ltlglw, ;Dks{ sfof{no nufotsf cGo h'g;'s} sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . -s_ ljQLo :jfy{ eGgfn] ;+:yfks jf ;+rfns, Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] z]o/wgL jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf ;+rfns dgf]lgt ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] bz k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L x'g] u/L 5'f5'} jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf To:tf] ;+:yfks jf ;+rfns jf Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] z]o/wgL jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] ljQLo :jfy{ /x]sf] cj:yf ;Demg' k5{ . -sr_ kl/jf/ eGgfn] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L,

10

wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf / cfk"mn] kfng kf]if0f ug'{kg]{ bfh', efO / lbbL, alxgL ;Demg' k5{ . -s5_ tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod jf ljlgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .

kl/R5]b@
Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf / ;f]sf] lwtf]kq ;DaGwL Joj:yf #= Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{sf nflu Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ?kdf btf{ u/fO{ ;+:yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clVtof/ kfPsf] clwsf/Ln] sDkgL btf{ ubf{ bkmf $ sf] cwLgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 . Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf # adf]lhd Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQmn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ug{ lgj]bg lbg' cl3 b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg u/L /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] b:t'/ ;lxt k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M -s_ k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq,

$=

11

-v_ -u_ -3_ -_

k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL, k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg, ;+:yfsf]

/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf ;+:yfksx?sf] JolQmut ljj/0f, Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug'{ cl3 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;+:yfksx? aLr s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk, ;+:yfksx?n] o; bkmf adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg' eGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{;Ddsf] s/ r'Qmf u/]sf] k|df0f,

-r_

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo ljj/0f tyf sfuhft . -@_ k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf k]z u/]sf sfuhftsf] hfFra'em u/L /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm b]v]df s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps;o aL; lbgleq To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkg ug{ :jLs[lt lbg]5 . :jLs[lt lbg gkg]{ cj:yf ePdf ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bsnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fHodf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf gful/s;+u ldnL ;+o'Qm nufgLdf jf ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ztk|ltzt z]o/ lnPsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo

-5_

12

;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbPsf]df o; bkmf adf]lhd To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ :jLs[lt lbg]5 . %= :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{sf nflu k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd klxn] g} btf{ eO{ sfod /x]sf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd;+u ldNg] ePdf, k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd jf To;n] ug]{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;fj{hlgs lxt, ;bfrf/, lzi6frf/, wd{, hfthflt jf ;Dk|bfo cflbsf] b[li6sf]0fn] cg'ko'Qm jf cjfG5gLo b]lvPdf, k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt ePdf, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 cg'ko'Qm b]lvPdf, k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k]z u/]sf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg, ljj/0f tyf sfuhft / cGo k"jf{wf/nfO{ cWoog ubf{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ :j:y / k|lt:kwf{Tds 9+uaf6 ;+rfng ug]{ s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] ePdf, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL btf{ ug{sf] nflu k|:tfljt a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;a} ;+:yfks ;b:osf] gfdaf6 lgj]bg

-v_

-u_ -3_

-_

-r_

13

gk/]sf] ePdf, -5_ k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;a} ;+:yfksx?n] cfkm\gf] gfd, 7]ufgf ;d]t v'nfO{ s'g} Pshgf ;fIfLsf] /f]xj/df ;xL5fk u/L ;f] ;fIfLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf ;d]t gv'nfPsf] ePdf, k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|To]s ;+:yfksn] ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sDtLdf Ps lsQf z]o/ lng d~h'/ gu/]sf] ePdf,

-h_

-em_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|To]s ;+:yfksn] k|aGwkqdf ;xL ubf{ cfkm'n] lng] z]o/ ;+Vof ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf gv'nfPsf] ePdf, -`_ bkmf $ adf]lhd bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ b:t'/ / sfuhft bflvnf gePdf,

-6_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf zt{ k'/f gu/]df . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} cj:yf k/L k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL btf{ ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf]df /fi6 a}+sn] lgj]bsnfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg]5 . ^= ljj/0fkq M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug'{ cufj} lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lwtf]kq af]8{af6 ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L To:tf] ljj/0fkq /fi6 a}+s ;dIf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L ljj/0fkq btf{ gu/fP;Dd ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] jf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 s;}n] klg

14

To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ubf{ k"/f ug'{kg]{ k|lqmof / ljj/0fkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx? lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu lwtf]kq af]8{sf] :jLs[ltsf lgldQ lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf cwLgdf /xL lwtf]kq af]8{ ;dIf lnlvt ?kdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ lwtf]kq af]8{n] ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf k|fKt gu/];Dd /fi6 a}+sn] ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ 5}g . -%_ ljj/0fkq s'g} klg JolQmn] x]g{ rfx]df a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} z'Ns jf dxz'n glnO{ x]g{ lbg' kg]{5 . &= z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 M -!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] s'n hf/L k"FhLsf] sDtLdf tL; k|ltzt z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 . o;/L 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ dWo] kfFr k|ltzt;Dd z]o/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] sd{rf/Lsf] nflu 5'6\ofpg ;Sg]5 . t/ lab]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;+:yfkgf ePsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf] k|ltztsf] z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ vl/bsf] nflu ;j{;fwf/0faf6 b/vf:t cfJxfg ubf{ z]o/sf] c+lst d"Nosf] ztk|ltzt /sd b/vf:t ;fy dfu ug'{kg]{5 .

15

*=

lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ M -!_ Af}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] lwtf]kq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg ubf{ To:tf] lwtf]kqsf] laqmL, afF8kmfF8, /sd c;'npk/ h:tf ;a} sfo{ lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ Af}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} lwtf]kq Joj;foL ;+:yf dfk{mt lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf u/]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] Ps k|lt To:tf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq /fi6 a}+s / lwtf]kq af]8{df lbg' kg]{5 . z]o/ tyf l8a]Gr/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg g;lsg] M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:yfksn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng u/]sf] sDtLdf kfFr jif{;Dd cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg kfpg] 5}g . t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfngdf s'g} afwf Jojwfg pTkGg eO{ ljz]if kl/l:yltsf] ;[h{gf x'g uPdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;+:yfksx? aLr cfk;df z]o/ laqmL ug]{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{ o; pkbkmfn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg]5}g . -@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:yfksn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;+rfng u/]sf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ kl5 cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;Sg]5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ gx'g] M-!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]

(=

!)=

16

cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b -afO Aofs_ ug{ jf hdfgtdf /fvL C0f lbg x'Fb}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;f]xL a}++sn] tf]s]sf] k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g ;Sg] ;+lrt d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd e'QmfgL e};s]sf] eP, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ lwtf]kq af]8{df btf{ eO{ ;s]sf] eP, cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnLdf ePsf] eP, cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] eP, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ C[0f /sd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b u/L ;s]kl5 kF'hL tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] cg'kftdf bf]Aa/ eGbf a9L gx'g] eP,

-v_

-u_

-3_

-_

:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu C0f /sd eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ lnPsf] ;'/lIft tyf c;'/lIft ;Dk"0f{ C0f /sd ;Demg'

17

k5{ . -r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] vl/b ug]{ cfkm\gf] z]o/sf] /sd sDkgLsf] s'n r'Qmf kF'hL tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] aL; k|ltzt eGbf a9L gx'g] eP, cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg k|lts"n gx'g] eP .

-5_

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng b]xfosf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf k|fKt ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] ;f]sf] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 M -s_ cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f / cfjZostf, -v_ cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s l:yltdf kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt k|efj d"Nof+sgsf] ljj/0f, vl/b ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] z]o/sf] lsl;d / ;f]sf] ;+Vof, v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ nfUg] clwstd jf Go"gtd /sd / ;f]sf] ;|f]t, cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]

-u_ -3_

-_

18

;dofjlw, -r_ -5_ z]o/ vl/b ug]{ tl/sf, cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd v'nfpg' kg]{ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt ePkl5 To:tf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] 5 dlxgf jf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] afx| dlxgf dWo] h'g kl5Nnf] x'G5 ;f] cjlwleq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] s'g} pkfoaf6 cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ -v_ lwtf]kq ahf/ dfkm{t vl/b u/]/, o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/LnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Laf6 vl/b u/]/,

tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLaf6 ;dfg'kflts ?kdf vl/b u/]/ . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b u/]sf]df To:tf] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq cfk"mn] vl/b u/]sf] z]o/ ;+Vof, ;f] jfkt e'QmfgL /sd / cGo cfjZos ljj/0fx?sf] hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . -^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b u/]sf] c+lst d"No a/fa/sf] /sdaf6 5'6[} k"FhL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if v8f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] sf]ifsf] /sdnfO{ r'Qmf k"FhL ;/x sfod /fVg' kg]{5 . -&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b u/]sf]df

-u_

19

cfkm"n] vl/b u/] hlt z]o/ To;/L vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] Ps;o aL; lbgleq /2 u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . -*_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfx? tyf cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{] ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx? /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . !!= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug{df aGb]h M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, n]vfk/LIfs, ;lrj jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf ;DaGwL sfo{df k|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg JolQmn] To:tf] kbdf axfn /xFbfsf avt jf To:tf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] sDtLdf Ps jif{;Dd ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] lwtf]kq cfgf] jf cfgf] kl/jf/ jf cfgf] jf cfgf] kl/jf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf vl/b laqmL ug{ u/fpg, ug{lbg, lwtf]aGws /fVg, /fVg nufpg jf bfg as; lng, lbg jf n]gb]g ug{ x'Fb}g . t/ gofF z]o/ hf/L u/]sf] cj:yfdf of] k|ltaGw nfu" x'g] 5}g . -@_ s;}n] pkbkmf -!_ sf] ljk/Lt s'g} sfd u/]df To:tf] lwtf]kq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hkmt ug]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hkmt ePsf] lwtf]kq ;ldltn] plrt 7xofPsf] lsl;daf6 laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b# a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt / sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf

20

!@= ;+rfns ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ Af}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf Pp6f ;+rfns ;ldlt /xg]5 . ;f] ;ldltdf sDtLdf kfFr hgf / a9Ldf gf}hgf ;+rfns /xg] 5g\ . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL ;ldltdf /fi6 a}+sn] bkmf !# adf]lhd sfod u/]sf] Jofj;flos ljz]if1x?sf] ;"rLaf6 Pshgf Jofj;flos ;+rfns lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L lgo'Qm x'g] ;+rfnsn] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ lnPsf] x'g cfjZos x'g]5}g . -#_ ;+rfnsn] cfk"m dWo] ax'dtaf6 5fg]sf] s'g} Pshgf ;+rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf x'g]5 . !#= Jofj;flos ljz]if1x?sf] ;"rL sfod ug]{ M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ b]xfosf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ejsf] cfwf/df Jofj;flos ljz]if1x?sf] ;"rL sfod ug]{5 M -s_ Joj:yfkg, a}+lsu, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHo zf:q, Jofkf/ k|zf;g, jfl0fHo sfg"g, ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]Q/ jf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G;L pkflw xfl;n u/L a}+lsu tyf ljQLo If]qsf] sfo{sf/L txdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{sf] sfof{g'ej ePsf] .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu {sfo{sf/L tx eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/, /fi6 a}+s, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|yd >]0fLsf] clwss[t jf s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo;+:yfsf]= j/Li7 Jojf:yfks jf dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljfnosf] ;x

21

k|fWofks jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] kb ;Demg'k5{ . bkmf !* adf]lhdsf] cof]Uotf gePsf] . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfod u/]sf] Jofj;flos ljz]if1x?sf] ;"rL k|To]s jif{ cBfjlws u/L /fi6 a}+sn] ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/Lsf] nflu /fli6o :t/sf] kqklqsfdf k|sfzg ug]{5 . !$= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ z]o/wgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g] sfd afx]s o; P]g, k|rlnt sfg"g tyf k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{kg]{ ;a} sfd / k|of]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;ldltdf lglxt /xg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfk"mn] ug'{kg]{ sfd ;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;+rfng ug{ ;ldltn] cfjZos ljlgod agfpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf cGoyf ePsf]df afx]s ;ldltn] cfk"mdWo]sf s'g} ;+rfnsnfO{ jf Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/LnfO{ PSn} jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 n]vfk9L ug{ jf ljlgd]o clwsf/kq jf r]s cflbdf ;xL5fk ug{ ;d]t ;a} jf s]xL clwsf/ ;'DkL cfgf] k|ltlglw v8f ug{ ;Sg]5 . clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M -!_ ;ldltn] cfgf] /]vb]v jf lgb]{zgdf sfd ug]{ u/L cfgf] s]xL clwsf/ cWoIf, ;+rfns, bkmf !^ adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldlt, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cWoIf, ;+rfns, bkmf !^ adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldlt, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf -v_

!%=

22

sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] cfk"mn] kfPsf] clVtof/L cfgf] hjfkmb]xLdf cfk"m dftxtsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . !^= pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ ;ldltn] s'g} vf; k|of]hgsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps jf PseGbf a9L pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] pk;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/, sfof{jlw / a}7sdf efu lnP jfkt kfpg] kfl/>lds jf eQf ;ldltn] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 . ;+rfnssf] lgo'lQm M -!_ Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+rfnssf] lgo'lQm bkmf !* tyf lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;eff/f x'g]5 . t/, -s_ Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf nflu ;+rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;+:yfksf/f ul/g]5 . jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf cufj} s'g} ;+rfnssf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf afFsL cjlwsf nflu ;+rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;ldltf/f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

!&=

-v_

;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/ lnPsf] Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf ;f] ;+:yfn] lnPsf] z]o/sf] cg'kftdf x'g cfpg] ;+rfns lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ lnPsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]

-u_

23

cfk"mn] lnPsf] z]o/sf] cg'kftdf ;+rfns lgo'Qm ubf{ ;+rfnssf] cg'kl:yltdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] u/L j}slNks ;+rfns ;d]t lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] Jofj;flos ljz]if1 ;+rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;+rfns ;ldltaf6 x'g]5 . !*= ;+rfnssf] cof]Uotf M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} JolQm ;+rfnssf] kbdf lgjf{lrt jf dgf]lgt x'g jf sfod /xg cof]Uo dflgg]5M -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ @! jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf], duh ljlu|Psf] jf dfgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls gePsf], C0f ltg{ g;sL ;fx"sf] bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf], a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+usf] s'g} sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rLdf k/L ;f] ;"rLaf6 k'ms'jf ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf tLg jif{ k"/f gePsf], s'g} a}+s, ljQLo ;+:yf jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lgIf]k ;DaGwL Joj;fo ;+rfng ug]{ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns jf To:tf ;+:yfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf n]vfk/LIfs jf ;Nnfxsf/, ;DalGwt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;+u s'g} lsl;dsf] 7]Ssf kfdf lx:;]bf/ /x]sf], lwtf]kq Joj;foLsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug{ lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf],

-_

-r_

-5_

24

-h_

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;+rfns x'gsf] nflu lng'kg]{ Go"gtd z]o/ glnPsf],

-em_ g]kfn ;/sf/, /fi6 a}+s jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf sd{rf/L, t/, g]kfn ;/sf/n] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf jf s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;+rfns dgf]gLt ePsf]df of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . -`_ /fi6 a}+ssf] ueg{/, 8]k'6L ueg{/ / ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lsf] kbdf axfn /xL ;]jfaf6 x6]sf] jf cjsf; k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm ePdf ;]jfaf6 x6]sf] jf cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] sDtLdf Ps jif{ k"/f gePsf], k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s/ ltg'{kg]{ bfloTj eO{ To:tf] s/ r'Qmf gu/]sf], g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L s;"/df cbfntaf6 ;hfFo kfO{ To:tf] ;hfFo e'Qmfg ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ gk'u]sf], e|i6frf/ jf 7uLsf] s;"/df cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPsf], /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 /fi6 a}+sn] sf/afxL u/]sf] jf /fi6 a}+sn] Joj:yfkg cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ lgnDag jf lj36gdf k/]sf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ gk'u]sf] .

-6_ -7_

-8_ -9_

25

-@_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} ;+rfnssf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g M -s_

JolQm

pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvP adf]lhd ;+rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g cof]Uo ePdf, ;fwf/0f ;efn] ;+rfnssf] x6fpg] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df, ;+rfnsn] cfgf] kbaf6 /flhgfdf :jLs[t ePdf, kbaf6 lbPsf]

-v_ -u_ -3_

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxLdf a]OdfgL jf ablgot u/]sf] s'/f cbfntaf6 k|dfl0ft ePdf, o; P]g adf]lhd ;+rfnsn] ug{ gx'g] egL tf]lsPsf] s'g} sfd u/]df .

-_

!(=

;+rfnssf] of]Uotf M ;+rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g'kg]{5 M -s_ -v_ bkmf !* adf]lhd cof]Uo gePsf], s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf] jf s'g} ;/sf/L jf a}+ls jf ljQLo If]q jf ;+ul7t If]q;+u ;DalGwt s'g} lgsfodf slDtdf kfFrjif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf].

t/, -!_ ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgLsf] tkm{af6 lgjf{rg x'g] ;+rfnssf] xsdf plNnlvt of]Uotf cfjZos kg]{ 5}g . -@_ 3 ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf ;+rfnssf] of]Uotf /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

26

@)= ;+rfnssf] kbfjlwM -!_ Af}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+rfnssf] kbfjlw lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 . t/, -!_ bkmf !& sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] ;+rfns jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd dfq cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 . -@_s'g} ;+rfnssf] kb aLrdf l/Qm eO{ ;f] kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf] ;+rfnssf] sfof{jlw ;f] ;+rfns h'g ;+rfnssf] kb l/Qm eO{ lgo'Qm ePsf] xf] ;f] ;+rfnssf] afFsL kbfjlw;Ddsf] nflu dfq x'g]5 . -@_ kbfjlw ;dfKt eO{ ;+rfnssf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ JolQm ;+rfnssf] kbdf k'gM lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 . @!= ;+rfnssf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf M -!_ ;+rfnsn] a}7sdf pkl:yt eP jfkt kfpg] a}7s eQf, kfl/>lds / Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd ubf{sf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ ;+rfnsn] pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPafx]s s'g} ;'ljwf lnPsf] ePdf o; P]g adf]lhd s;'/ u/]sf] dfgL To:tf] ;'ljwf jfkt lnPsf] /sd lghaf6 c;'n pk/ u/L lng'kg]{5 .

@@= ;+rfnsn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{M -!_ ;+rfnsn] cfk"m ;+rfnssf] ?kdf axfn u/]sf] ;ft

27

lbgleqdf b]xfosf s'/fsf] lnlvt hfgsf/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 M -s_ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;+u lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} lsl;dsf] s/f/ u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, k|aGw ;+rfns, ;lrj, n]vfk/LIfs tyf dxfk|aGwssf] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf To:tf] lgo'lQmdf s'g} k|sf/sf] :jfy{ jf ;/f]sf/ eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f, lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] d'Vo jf ;xfos sDkgLdf lnPsf] z]o/ jf l8j]Gr/sf] ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f, lgh s'g} sDkgLsf] ;+rfns eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f, lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kbflwsf/Lsf] x}l;otdf sfd ul//xsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,

-v_

-u_

-3_ -_

;+rfnsn] ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ egL /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L u/fp+bf ;+rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] aLrdf s'g} lnlvt ;Demf}tf ePsf]df To:tf] ;Demf}tf / ;Demf}tf gePdf sf/f]af/ jf ljQLo :jfy{ jf ;+nUgtf ;+u ;DalGwt d'Vo / cfjZos s'/f v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ ;+rfnsn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf] hfgsf/L] ;ft lbgleq /fi6 a}+sdf lbg' kg]{5 /

-r_

28

/fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]kl5 ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu v8f u/]sf] 5'6[} /lhi6/df clen]v u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . @#= ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{df sDtLdf afx| k6s a:g' kg]{5 . t/ b'O{j6f a}7ssf] aLrsf] km/s b'O{ dlxgf eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g . -@_ sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ ;+rfnsn] lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]df cWoIfn] h'g;'s} avt a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 . -#_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5 . cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;+rfnsx?n] cfk"mdWo] ax'dtaf6 5fg]sf] s'g} Pshgf ;+rfnsn] ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 . -$_ a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt s'n ;+rfnssf] ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf PsfpGg k|ltzt ;+rfns pkl:yt geO{ ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g] 5}g . -%_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g]5 / cWoIfn] dt a/fa/ ePdf dfq lg0ff{os dt lbg ;Sg]5 . -^_ s'g} ;+rfnssf] lghL :jfy{ ePsf] s'g} k|:tfj pk/ a}7sdf 5nkmn x'Fbf ;f] a}7sdf ;f] ;+rfnsn] efu lng kfpg] 5}g . -&_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;+rfnssf] gfd, 5nkmn ePsf] ljifo / tT;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{osf] ljj/0f -dfOGo"6_ 5'} lstfadf clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] clen]vdf a}7sdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;+rfnsn] ;xL u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . t/ s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn ubf{ s'g} ;+rfnsn] lg0f{osf] ljkl/t jf To:tf] lg0f{o x'g] s'/f eGbf km/s larf/ /fv]df ;f]xL s'/f lghn] clen]vdf pNn]v ug{ ;Sg]5 .

29

@$=

;+rfnssf] hjfkmb]xL / bfloTj M -!_ ;+rfnsn] Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf dfk{mt jf Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf JolQmut kmfObf lng] s'g} sfd ug{ x'Fb}g . -@_ s'g} JolQm ;+rfns lgo'Qm ePkl5 sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' eGbf klxn] Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df jf Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;+u ePsf] ;Demf}tf jf ;+nUgtfdf lghsf] lghL jf ljQLo :jfy{ eP To:tf] s'/f ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;+rfnsn] JolQmut kmfObf lnPsf] kfOPdf ;f] /sd Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] ;+rfnsaf6 c;'npk/ ul/lng]5 . -$_ Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfnssf] x}l;otn] sfd ug]{ JolQmn] cfgf] clwsf/ If]q gf3L u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL k|lt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf pQ/bfoL x'g] 5}g . -%_ ;+rfnsn] cfgf] JolQmut lxtsf nflu jf Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'ofpgsf] lgldQ s'g} sf/f]af/ ug{ nfu]sf] xf] eGg] hfgL hfgL jf ljZjf; ug]{ sf/0f eP/ klg s;}n] To:tf] ;+rfns jf k|ltlglw;+u s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] JolQmn] Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf pk/ To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} bfjL ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -^_ ;+rfnsn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] b}lgs sfd sf/afxLdf x:tIf]k ug'{ x'Fb}g . -&_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+rfnsn] kfngf ug'{kg]{ u/L /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lbPsf lgb]{zgnfO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+rfnsn] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .

30

@%= ;+rfnssf] nut M k|To]s Af}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] ;+rfnssf] JolQmut ljj/0f Pp6f 5'} lstfadf n]vL /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f / ;+rfns cbnabn ePdf To;sf] ;"rgf ;d]t kGw| lbgleq /fi6 a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . @^= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm / ;]jfsf] zt{ M -!_ ;ldltn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 . -@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ s'g} ljifodf sDtLdf :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/L a}+ls+u, ljQLo jf ;+ul7t If]qsf] sfo{sf/L tx jf ;+rfns kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf] JolQm dWo]af6 of]Uo JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{5 . :ki6Ls/0fM o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sfo{sf/L tx eGgfn] s'g} ;/sf/L, a}+ls+u, ljQLo, ;+ul7t If]q jf cGt/f{li6o ljQLo ;+3, ;+:yfsf] clws[t txsf] jf ;f] ;/x jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] kbnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ . -#_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|d'v k|zf;s x'g]5 . -$_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kbfjlw a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 / lghsf] k'glg{o'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 . -%_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf] cGo zt{ ;ldltn] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 . @&= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M -s_ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o nfu" ug]{ / o; P]g,

31

k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxL tyf sf/f]af/sf] /]vb]v / lgoGq0f ug]{, -v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s ah]6 / sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug]{, ;ldlt / ;fwf/0f ;eff/f ul/Psf lg0f{o / /fi6 a}+sf/f lgb]{lzt s'/fx? sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg], of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+s jf cGo s'g} lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f, sfuhft, lg0f{o cflb oyf;dodf k]z ug]{,

-u_

-3_

-_

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{. -@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v cfgf] sfdsf] lgldQ ;ldltk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5.

-r_

kl/R5]b$
Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf @*= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ gkfpg] M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] klg o; P]g adf]lhdsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g . t/, k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yfkgf eO{ g]kfn

32

/fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* adf]lhd /fi6 a}+saf6 lgIf]k lng jf shf{ lbg :jLs[lt kfPsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]ssf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g . -@_ s;}n] klg /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd k|of]u ug{ x'Fb}g . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'+bfsf avt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt ubf{sf avt sfod /x]sf] gfd k|of]u u/L ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfkgL v, u tyf 3 ju{sf] O{hfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn]= qmdzM ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL tyf n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+s eGg] gfd k|of]u ug{ kfpg]5g\ . -%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ubf{ kfngf ug'{kg]{ zt{x? /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . @(= ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ rfxg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrfdf /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] lgj]bgsf ;fydf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkqsf nflu tf]lslbPsf] b:t'/ / b]xfosf ljj/0f tyf sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 M

33

-s_

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL tyf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos ;a} k"jf{wf/ tof/ ePsf] sfof{no ejgsf] ljj/0f jf ejg ef8fdf lng] eP axfn ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk / ef8fdf lng] ejgsf] ljj/0f, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v tyf cGo sfo{sf/L txsf kbflwsf/Lsf] JolQmut ljj/0f / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljlgod, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ gLlt, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL ljlgod, shf{ ckn]vg ;DaGwL ljlgod, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] lng sa"n u/]sf] z]o/sf] /sd r'Stf eO{ /fi6 a}+sdf hDdf u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g] sfuhft,

-v_

-u_

-3_ -_ -r_ -5_ -h_

-em_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f tyf sfuhftx? . -#_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq lngsf nflu /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf s'/f ;d]t lgj]bg;fy pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M -s_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng u?Gh]n /fi6

34

a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd k"FhL sfod /fVg] s'/f, -v_ /fi6 a}+s ;Gt'i6 x'g] u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ u/L ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] kof{Kt cfwf/ /x]sf] s'/f, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{sf nflu k|:tfj u/]sf] ljlgod tyf sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yfaf6 ljQLo sf/f]af/ lgoldt ?kdf ;+rfng eO{ lgIf]kstf{sf] xs lxt ;+/If0f x'g] s'/f, ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{sf nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf zt{x? kfngf ug]{ s'/fsf] d+h'/L .

-u_

-3_

#)=

ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg] M bkmf @( adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fdf cfjZos hfFra'em u/L /fi6 a}+s ;Gt'i6 ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ bkmf #! adf]lhdsf] juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/df sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ s'g} Ps ju{sf] Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 M -s_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lb+bf :j:y k|lt:kwf{Tds / ljQLo dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ k|efjsf/L eO{ lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt x'G5 eGg] nfu]df, of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf

-v_

35

cfb]z jf lgb]{zg tyf k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf cwLgdf /xL ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ ;Ifd 5 eGg] nfu]df, -u_ bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg ljj/0f tyf sfuhft cg';f/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Ifd 5 egL ljZjf; ug]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ ePdf .

#!=

Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] juL{s/0fM -!_ bkmf $& adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ bkmf #) adf]lhd lbg] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu cfjZos x'g] Go"gtd r'Qmf k"FhLsf] cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfht k|fKt ;+:yfx?nfO{ s, v, u, / 3 ju{df juL{s/0f u/L ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] Ohfhtkq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd juL{s/0f ul/Psf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k"FhL /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

#@= ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf #) df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ a}+s jf ljQLo If]qsf] ljBdfg cj:yf / ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ yk a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ Ohfhtkq lbg pko'St gb]lvPdf,

36

-v_

v08 -s_ sf] cj:yf x]/L lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg plrt / pko'Qm gb]lvPdf,

bkmf @( / #) sf ljj/0f jf s'/fx? k"/f ePsf] gb]lvPdf . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug]{ Ohfhtkq lbg g;lsg] cj:yf ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] Ps ;o aL; lbg leq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . ;f] cjlw leq /fi6 a}+sn] yk ljj/0f dfu u/]sf] eP To:tf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] gAa] lbg leq To:tf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . ##= /fi6 a}+sn] zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf #) adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ubf{ ljBdfg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cj:yf, ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] :j:y ;+rfng tyf lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . o:tf] zt{sf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] zt{df /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cj:yf, ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] :j:y ;+rfng tyf lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL yk36 tyf x]/k]m/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sfof{no vf]Ng] ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fHo leq cfgf] sfof{no vf]Ng rfx]df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ljj/0f / b:t'/ ;lxt /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5.

-u_

#$=

37

-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf /fi6 a}+sn] a}+ls If]qdf ljBdfg k|lt:kwf{, ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fHosf a}+ls ljsf;df k'ofpg ;Sg] of]ubfg / To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Voflt / k|lti7f ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfn /fHodf cfgf] sfof{no :yfkgf u/L ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|bfg ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{x? tf]Sg ;Sg]5 / o;/L tf]s]sf zt{x? kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt u/L ;+:yfkgf x'g] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf o; P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu' x'g]5 . t/ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxLsf] xsdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd g]kfn /fHodf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ u/L cfgf] sfof{no vf]Ng :jLs[lt kfPsf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfn /fHo leq ;+o'Qm nufgLdf csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jLs[lt lbOg] 5}g . #%= Ohfhtkqsf] lgnDag tyf vf/]hL M -!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod ljkl/t sfd u/]df jf /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/]df jf lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cfk"mn] ug'{kg]{ sfd gu/]df /fi6 a}+sn] lglZrt cjlw tf]sL To:tf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt

38

;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ k|fKt u/]sf] Ohfhtkq lgnDag ug{ jf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jf To;sf] s'g} sfof{nosf] sf/f]af/ k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf /f]Ssf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf cj:yfdf Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ k|fKt u/]sf] Ohfhtkq vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ Ohfhtkq vf/]hLsf] nflu ;DalGwt Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cg'/f]w u/]df, Ohfhtkqk|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] dlxgfleq ljQLo sf/f]af/ gu/]df, 5

-v_ -u_

nuftf/ Ps dxLgf eGbf a9L cjlwb]lv ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ aGb u/]df, lgIf]kstf{sf] xs lxt ljkl/t x'g] u/L ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng u/]df, g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod tyf ljlgodsf] pNn+3g u/]df, /fi6 a}+sn] pNn+3g u/]df, tf]lslbPsf] zt{ jf

-3_ -_

-r_ -5_ -h_

/fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] cfb]z lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/]df,

;fx"sf] C0f ltg{ g;sL bfdf;fxLdf k/]df,

-em_ e'm7f] ljj/0f k]z u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] kfOPdf,

39

Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf uflePdf . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] Ohfhtkq vf/]h ug{ /fi6 a}+s ;dIf /Ltk"j{s lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] lgj]bg lbPsf] k}+tfln; lbg leq /fi6 a}+sn] ;f] pk/ lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{osf] lnlvt ;"rgf / To:tf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/ ;DalGwt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 . -%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkq /2 ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]df ;f]sf] ;"rgf /fi6 a}+sn] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . #^= tNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yf k"/f u/]sf] tNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnP/ dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg]5 M -s_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k"FhL ePsf], ljut kfFr jif{b]lv nuftf/ gfkmf ug{ ;Ifd ePsf], s'n lgis[o shf{ -gg\k/km/ld nf]g_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf leq /x]sf],

-`_

-v_ -u_ -3_

/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf ;a} zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ cfkm\gf] k|aGwkq /

40

lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{ /x]5 eg] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+zf]wg u/L dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug{ o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg ug'{ kg]{5 . #&= dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf tNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g] M !_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yf k"/f gug]{ s ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf v ju{df / v ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf u ju{df kl/0ft x'g] u/L /fi6 a}+sn] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ -v_ -u_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cjlwleq tf]s]adf]lhdsf] k"FhL gk'ofPsf], ljut kfFr jif{b]lv nuftf/ gf]S;fgLdf /x]sf], /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg k6sk6s pNn+3g u/L sf/afxLdf k/]sf],

/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhd hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf]if sfod ug{ g;s]sf] . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ sf/afxL ug'{ eGbf cuf8L /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ To:tf] sf/afxLsf] la?4 ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ dgfl;j dflkmssf] df}sf lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] tNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g rfxL :jLs[ltsf nflu /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg lbPdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]df To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf tNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .

-3_

41

#*=

t/n ;DklQ sfod ug'{ kg]{M lgIf]k ;+sng ug]{ jf shf{ k|jfx ug]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf] t/n ;DklQ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;"rL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] cfly{s jif{sf] k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ub}{ cfPsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;"rL /fli6o:t/sf] kqklqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;"rL k|sfzg ubf{ To:tf ;+:yfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng u/]sf] ldlt tyf k|To]s ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] ljj/0f ;d]t cnu cnu b]lvg] u/L k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .

#(=

kl/R5]b%
k"FhL ;DaGwL Joj:yf $)= k"FhL sfod /fVg'kg]{ M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Go"gtd clws[t k"FhL, hf/L k"FhL tyf r'Qmf k"FhL /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ of] P]g k|f/De xF'bfsf avt sfod /x]sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cjlw leq pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k"FhLut ;+/rgf sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] cjlw leq pkbkmf !_ adf]lhdsf] k"FhL gk'ofpg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] To:tf] k"FhL gk'ofP;Dd nfef+z 3f]if0ff ug{ jf afF8\g kfpg] 5}g . k"FhL a[l4 ug'{kg]{ M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] pko'Qm b]v]df Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] tTsfn

$!=

42

sfod /x]sf] clws[t k"FhL, hf/L k"FhL / r'Qmf k"FhL a9fpg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbPdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] clws[t k"FhL, hf/L k"FhL tyf e'QmfgL k"FhL a[l4 ug'{ kg]{5 . $@= k"FhLsf]if M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] s'n ;DklQ jf s'n hf]lvdefl/t ;DklQsf] cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] cg'kftdf k"FhLsf]if sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf !_ adf]lhdsf] k"FhLsf]if sfod ug{ g;s]df ;ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L lbPsf] hfgsf/Ldf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm k"FhLsf]if sfod /xg g;s]sf] sf/0f tyf k"FhLsf]ifnfO{ a[l4 u/L klxn]s} cj:yfdf Nofpg ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;d]t ;+nUg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 /fi6 a}+sn] ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] of]hgf jf sfo{qmd dgfl;j b]v]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / To;df s'g} ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ ug'{ k/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ k|:tfljt of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg]5 . -$_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] bfloTj k"/f gu/]df jf tTsfn ug{ ;Sg] gb]lvPdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ bkmf #& adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 . -%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg ;+rfns ;ldltn] kfngf gu/]sf] jf ;+rfns jf sfo{sf/L

43

k|d'vsf] ]ifk"0f{ nfk/jfxL jf ablgotn] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k"FhLsf]if pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfod x'g g;s]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;+rfns jf sfo{sf/L k|d'vnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] ljuf] adf]lhd;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;+rfns jf sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] To:tf] sfo{af6 k"FhLsf]if sfod /xg g;ls xfgL gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] /sd c;"npk/ ug{ /fi6 a}+s, ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] kfFr k|ltzt;Dd z]o/ lnPsf z]o/wgLn] PSn} jf ;fd'lxs ?kdf lgh pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cbfntdf ph"/ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . $#= hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf]if M Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] s'n ;DklQ / jf;nft aflx/sf] sf/f]af/sf] bfloTj ;DaGwL hf]lvdnfO{ vfDg ;Sg] u/L /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPadf]lhdsf] cg'kftdf hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf]if /fVg' kg]{5 . $$= ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if M -!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] Ps ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if sfod /fVg' kg]{5 . To:tf] hu]8f sf]ifdf e'QmfgL k"FhLsf] bf]Aa/ geP;Dd k|To]s jif{sf] v'b gfkmfaf6 sDtLdf aL; k|ltzt /sd yKb} hfg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] hu]8f sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ cGo zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{ jf nufgL ug{ kfOg]5}g . $%= ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]if M -!_ ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq kfPsf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{df ef/tLo ?k}+ofF afx]s cGo ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 cfh{g u/]sf] k'gd{"Nofg d'gfkmfnfO{ ;f]xL

44

cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fadf cfjZos lx;fa ldnfg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fadf lx;fa ldnfg ubf{ s'g} cfly{s jif{df k'gd"{Nofg cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 eg] To:tf] d'gfkmfsf] sDtLdf kRrL; k|ltzt /sd ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ ef/tLo ?k}ofFsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 x'g] k'gd"{Nofg gfkmf gf]S;fgLsf] xsdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ljb]zL d'b|fsf] cjd"Nog ePsf] sf/0faf6 x'g] gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug{ afx]s /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ cGo sfddf vr{ ug{ jf /sdfGt/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g . $^= nfef+z afF8\gdf aGb]h M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;Dk"0f{ k|f/lDes vr{, cl3Nnf] jif{;Dd x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgL, k"FhLsf]if, hf]lvdJoxf]g]{ sf]if / ;fwf/0f hu]8fsf]ifdf bkmf $$ adf]lhd 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ /sd k"/f gu/];Dd / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ laqmL ljt/0f u/L dfu /sd k"0f{?kdf r'Qmf geP;Dd z]o/wgLx?nfO{ nfef+z 3f]if0ff ug{ jf afF8\g kfpg] 5}g . -@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] nfef+z 3f]if0ff tyf ljt/0f ug'{ cufj} /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b^
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf $&= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ug{ ;Sg] ljQLo sf/f]af/ M -!_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf

45

/xL s ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ Aofh jf ljgf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg], /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd shf{ lbg], k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{, xfo/ kr]{h, xfOkf]lys]zg, lnlh, xfpl;, tyf ;]jf Joj;fosf] nflu shf{ lbg], /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL dr]{06 a}+ls sf/f]af/ ug]{, cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;+u ldnL ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg -kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg] lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug]{, cfgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L ug]{ / ;f] jfkt u|fxs;+u cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng], lghsf] rn crn ;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng], :jb]zL jf ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hdfgtdf shf{ lbg], k|tLtkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s, 8f6 jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f lgisfzg ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL

-v_ -u_ -3_

-_

-r_

-5_

-h_ -_

46

lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b laqmL ug]{, -`_ /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL 6]lnkmf]g, 6]n]S;, ofS;, sDKo'6/ jf DofUg]l6s 6]k jf cGo To:t} k|sf/sf ljB'tLo pks/0f jf ;fwgsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg], /sdfGt/ ug]{, /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL q]ml86 sf8{, 8]lj6 sf8{, rfh{ sf8{ nufotsf cGo ljQLo pks/0fx? hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{ / ;f] ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ Ph]06 lgo'Qm ug]{, c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]lzg / Sof; l8:k]lG; d]lzgsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg] / shf{ lbg], cfk"mn] kTofPsf] clwljsif{ shf{ lbg], JolQmnfO{

-6_

-7_

-8_ -9_

cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg],

-0f_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{df /fi6 a}+ssf] Ph]06 eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 ;/sf/L sf/f]af/ nufot cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{,

47

-t_

g]kfn /fHoleq jf ljb]zdf ljlgdokq, r]s jf cGo ljQLo pks/0ff/f /sd k7fpg] jf rnfg ug]{, ;'g, rfFbL, z]o/, l8a]Gr/, a08 cflb vl/b laqmL ug]{ / z]o/sf] nfef+z tyf k|lt1fkq, l8a]Gr/, a08 cflbsf] Aofh c;'npk/ ug]{, u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{ z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng], vl/b laqmL ul/lbg], z]o/sf] nfef+z, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] Aofh cflb p7fO{ lbg] / ;f] sf] nfef+z, d'gfkmf jf Aofh g]kfn /fHoleq jf ljb]zdf ;d]t k7fpg], g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkq vl/b laqmL ug]{ jf ;sf/ ug]{, ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] jf;nftaflx/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{, zt{df

-y_

-b_

-w_ -g_ -k_

ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, b}jL k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g} If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs hdfgLdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd shf{ lbg],

-km_ cfk"m tyf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s jf s'g} cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf aLr lng] lbg],

48

-a_

cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 cfgf] u|fxsnfO{ shf{ pknAw u/fpg hdfgL a:g], /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldfleq /xL z]o/ l8a]Gr/, a08, C0fkq, artkq, jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 k"FhL kl/rfng ug]{, cfjZostfg';f/ /fi6 a}+saf6 k'gs{hf{ lng] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng]lbg], kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;+rfng / d"Nofg ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;j]{If0f ug]{ u/fpg] tyf tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg], kl/of]hgfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo :jb]zL jf ljb]zL lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd shf{sf] ?kdf k|jfx ug]{ jf shf{sf] Aoj:yfkg ug]{, s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ lb+bf jf lgh;+u s'g} sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfgf] lxtsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{ u/fpg], cfgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng], ;ldltn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] cwLgdf /xL shf{ ckn]vg ug]{, cfgf] hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw jf laqmL ug]{, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ .

-e_

-d_

-o_

-/_

-n_

-j_ -z_ -if_ -;_

49

-@_ of] P]g tyf k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL v ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] l;df leq /xL Aofh jf ljgf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg], xfOkf]lys]zg shf{ afx]s adf]lhd cGo shf{ lbg], tf]lsP

-v_ -u_

k|rlnt sfg"g tyf /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{, xfo/ kr]{h, lnlh, xfpl;, tyf ;]jf Joj;fosf] nflu shf{ lbg], /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL dr]{06 a}+ls sf/f]af/ ug]{, cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?;+u ldnL ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg -kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg], lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug]{, :jb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo hdfgtdf shf{ lbg], ;+:yfsf]

-3_ -_

-r_

-5_ -h_

cfgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L ug]{ / ;f] jfkt u|fxs;+u cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng], lghsf] rn crn ;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng],

-em_ ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s,

50

8f6 jf x'08L hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b laqmL ug]{, -`_ c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]lzg / Sof; l8:k]lG; d]lzgsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg] / shf{ lbg], cfk"mn] kTofPsf] clwljsif{ shf{ lbg], JolQmnfO{

-6_ -7_ -8_

cfgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng], cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg], /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|tLtkq lgisfzg tyf :jLsf/ ug]{,

-9_

-0f_ g]kfn /fHoleq ljlgdokq, r]s jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodf/f /sd k7fpg], z]o/ jf l8a]Gr/, a08 cflb vl/b laqmL ug]{, z]o/sf] nfef+z / k|lt1fkq, l8a]Gr/, a08 cflbsf] Aofh c;'npk/ ug]{, -t_ u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{ z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng], vl/b laqmL ul/lbg], z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] nfef+z, Aofh, d'gfkmf

51

cflb p7fO lbg], -y_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkqsf] vl/b laqmL ug]{ jf ;sf/ ug]{, ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] jf;nftaflx/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{, zt{df

-b_ -w_ -g_

ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, b}jL k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g} If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs hdfgLdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd shf{ lbg], cfk"m tyf cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 shf{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s jf s'g} cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf aLr lng] lbg],

-k_

-km_ cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 cfgf] u|fxsnfO{ shf{ pknAw u/fpg hdfgL a:g], -a_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldfleq /xL z]o/, l8a]Gr/, a08, C0fkq, artkq, jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 k"FhL kl/rfng ug]{, cfjZostfg';f/ /fi6 a}+saf6 k'gs{hf{ lng] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng]lbg], kl/of]hgfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo :jb]zL jf ljb]zL

-e_

-d_

52

lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd shf{sf] ?kdf k|jfx ug]{ jf shf{sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{, -o_ kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;+rfng / d"Nofg ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;e]{If0f ug]{ u/fpg] tyf tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg], ;ldltn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] cwLgdf /xL shf{ ckn]vg ug]{, s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ lb+bf jf lgh;+u s'g} sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfgf] lxtsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{ u/fpg], s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg cf}hf/, pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t} cGo rn ;DklQsf] nflu ls:tfaGbL jf xfo/kr]{h shf{ pknAw u/fpg], hUuf ljsf;, cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf nflu hUuf vl/b tyf 3/ lgdf{0f h:tf kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ / To:tf 3/ hUufsf] laqmL ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ u/fpg],

-/_ -n_

-j_

-z_

-if_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ . -#_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL u ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfleq /xL Aofh jf ljgf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/

53

ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg], -v_ -u_ xfOkf]lys]zg shf{ adf]lhd shf{ lbg], afx]s tf]lsP

xfo/ kr]{h, lnlh, xfpl;, ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ tyf ;]jf Joj;fosf] nflu shf{ lbg], dr]{06 a}+ls sf/f]af/ ug]{, ;ldltn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] cwLgdf /xL shf{ ckn]vg ug]{, cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;+u ldnL ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg -kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg], a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hdfgtdf shf{ lbg], cfgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng],

-3_ -_ -r_

-5_ -h_

-em_ cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg], -`_ cfgf] hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw ug]{, laqmL ug]{ jf axfndf lbg],

54

-6_

ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s, 8f6 jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b laqmL ug]{, ef/tLo ?k}ofF vl/b tyf laqmL ug]{, ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, b}jL k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g} If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu JolQmut jf ;fd"lxs hdfgLdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd C0f lbg], cfk"m tyf cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 shf{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s jf s'g} cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf aLr lng]lbg] ,

-7_ -8_

-9_

-0f_ s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg cf}hf/, pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t} cGo rn ;DklQsf] nflu ls:tfaGbL jf xfo/kr]{h shf{ pknAw u/fpg], -t_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfjf;Lo 3/ jf uf]bfd 3/ vl/b ug{ jf lgdf{0f ug{ jf To:tf] cfjf;Lo 3/ jf uf]bfd 3/ lgdf{0f ug{sf lgldQ hUuf vl/b ug{ shf{ pknAw u/fpg], s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg, cf}hf/ pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t} rn ;DklQ ef8fdf lng shf{ -lnlh

-y_

55

kmfOgfG;_ pknAw u/fpg] jf To:tf rn ;DklQ ef8fdf lbg], -b_ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ lb+bf jf lgh;+u s'g} sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfgf] lxtsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{ u/fpg], cfgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L ug]{ / ;f] jfkt u|fxs;+u cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng], lghsf] rn crn ;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng], u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{ z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng], vl/b laqmL ul/lbg], z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] nfef+z, Aofh, d'gfkmf cflb p7fO lbg], hUuf ljsf;, cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf nflu hUuf vl/b tyf 3/ lgdf{0f h:tf kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ / To:tf 3/ hUufsf] laqmL ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ u/fpg],

-w_

-g_

-k_

-km_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ . -$_ /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL 3 ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ -v_ tf]lsP adf]lhd shf{ k|bfg ug]{, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] cjlw;Dd lgoldt ?kdf art u/L tf]lslbPsf] art sfod /fv]sf ;d"x jf ;d"xsf ;b:onfO{ n3' Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ s'g} rn crn

56

;DklQ ;'/If0f jf hdfgt lnO{ jf glnO{ n3'shf{ lbg], -u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yf cflbaf6 C0f jf cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ / To:tf] C0f jf cg'bfg n3'shf{ ljt/0fdf jf ;f] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfddf k|of]u ug]{, t/ ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yf cflbaf6 C0f jf cg'bfg lng' cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . -3_ n3'shf{ pknAw u/fpg' cl3 h'g sfo{sf] nflu shf{ dfu ePsf] xf] ;f] ;DaGwL sfo{sf] d"Nofg ug]{ / To:tf] sfo{sf] ;DefJotf 5, 5}g klxrfg ug]{, Go"g cfo ePsf JolQmsf] cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g] vfnsf n3' Joj;fo ug]{, n3' Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf uf]i7L ;+rfng ug]{, kl/of]hgf th'{df ug{ k|lzIf0f lbg], ;xof]u ug]{, k|fljlws 1fg lbnfpg] / cfjZostfg';f/ k|fljlws ;xof]u h'6fpg], n3'shf{ kl/rfng ;DaGwdf ;d"xnfO{ cfjZos ;]jf k|bfg ug]{, n3'shf{ ;dodf c;'npk/ ug]{tk{m cfjZos sf/afxL ug]{, n3'shf{sf] plrt k|of]u eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug]{ / cg'udg

-_

-r_

-5_ -h_ -_

57

ubf{ plrt k|of]u ePsf] gb]lvPdf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg], -`_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldfleq /xL Aofh jf ljgf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg], cfgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng] tyf hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw ug]{, ;ldltn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] cwLgdf /xL shf{ ckn]vg ug{], cfk"m tyf cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 shf{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s jf s'g} cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf aLr lng]lbg], /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ .

-6_

-7_ -8_

-9_ $*=

Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ug{ gx'g] sfd M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfosf sfd ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}gM -s_ Jofkf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] dfn;fdfg vl/b laqmL ug{ jf cfgf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ cfjZos k/]df afx]s crn ;DklQ vl/b ug{, t/ v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] bkmf $& sf] cwLgdf /xL cfgf] sfd sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf 3/ hUufsf] vl/b laqmL, ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug{

58

o; v08n] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -v_ -u_ cfgf] z]o/sf] ;'/If0fdf shf{ lbg, ;+:yfks, ;+rfns, r'Qmfk"FhLsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf JolQm, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf ;+rfns dgf]lgt jf lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{, ;+:yfks, ;+rfns, r'Qmfk"FhLsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf JolQm, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf d}g]lh Ph]06 jf ;+rfns dgf]lgt ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{, Pp6} u|fxs, sDkgL, Ps} ;d"xsf] sDkgL jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{nfO{ cfgf] k"FhLsf]ifsf] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] k|ltzt eGbfa9L x'g] u/L shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{, :ki6Ls/0fM Ps} ;d"xsf] sDkgL jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{ eGgfn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPadf]lhdsf sDkgLx? jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{x?sf] ;d"x ;Demg' k5{ . -r_ ;+:yfks, ;+rfns jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v hdfgt a;L s'g} JolQm, kmd{,

-3_

-_

59

sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] shf{ lbg, -5_ /fi6 a}+saf6 s,v / u ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt kfPsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug{, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldf eGbf a9L /sd cGo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k"FhLdf nufgL ug{,

-h_

-em_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx? cfk;df ldnL ljQLo sf/f]af/df s'g} lsl;dsf] Psflwsf/ jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lgolGqt cEof; sfod ug{, -`_ cfk"mn] gfhfoh nfe lng] lgotn] ljQLoIf]qsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds jftfj/0fdf s[lqd ca/f]w v8f x'g] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] sfo{ ug{,

Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ug{ gx'g] egL /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug{ . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_ jf o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkq jf d'2tL /l;bsf] lwtf]df shf{ lbg / ;+:yfks, ;+rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf Ps k|ltzt eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf z]o/wgL To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg kbdf axfn /x]sf] eP To:tf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf z]o/wgLnfO{ sd{rf/L ;'ljwf cGtu{tsf] shf{ ;'ljwf jf ;fk6L k|bfg ug{ afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -#_ u}/sfg"gL ?kaf6 /sd cfh{g u/L lgIf]k vftfdf hDdf ug]{ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ sfg"gL

-6_

60

sf/afxLaf6 arfpgsf nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] To:tf] ;DklQ n'sfpg, kl/jt{g ug{, e'QmfgL jf /sdfGt/ ug{ jf ;f]sf] pTklQ jf ;|f]t ;DaGwL hfgsf/L n'sfpg] jf 9fF6\g] jf ;f]sf] nflu s'g} lsl;dsf] ;xof]u ug'{ x'Fb}g . o:tf] sfo{ u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPdf jf To:tf] sfo{ eP u/]sf] z+sf nfu]df Ohfht k|fKt ;+:yfn] ;f]sf] ljj/0f /fi6 a}+s jf d'b|f ckrng lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DalGwt cGo lgsfonfO{ t'?Gt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b&
lgodg, lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f $(= lgodg ug]{ /fi6 a}+ssf] clwsf/M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxL lgodg tyf Jojl:yt ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ /fi6 a}+sdf lglxt x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgodg ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos b]v]sf ljifodf lgod agfpg / cfjZos cfb]z, lgb]{zg, ;"rgf tyf kl/kq hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgod, cfb]z, lgb]{zg, ;"rgf tyf kl/kqsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

%)= a}+ls jf ljQLo Joj:yf / shf{ lgoGq0fM a}+ls jf ljQLo Joj:yf, d'b|f tyf shf{sf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ ;do ;dodf lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 . %!= Aofhb/ ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{df lng] / lgIf]kdf lbg] Aofhb/ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

61

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljQLo sf/f]af/nfO{ k|lt:kwf{Tds 9+uaf6 ;+rfng ug{ u/fpg cfjZos b]v]df To:tf] Aofhb/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ clwsf/ /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 . %@= /fi6 a}+sn] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] h'g;'s} avt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] h'g;'s} sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{, u/fpg ;Sg]5 . /fi6 a}+sn] ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf cfgf] s'g} clwsf/L jf cfk"mn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if1 v6fO{ :ynut cg ;fO6_ ?kdf jf lj:t[t ljj/0f tyf ;"rgfx? cfk"m ;dIf lemsfO{ -ckm;fO6_ o:tf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/L jf ljz]if1 jf /fi6 a}+sn] dfu]sf nut, tYof, ljj/0f, ;"rgf, ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 l;h{gf ul/Psf sfo{qmd, ljj/0f / ljQLo lgoGq0f k|0ffnL jf cfjZos cGo s'g} sfuhft To:tf] clwsf/L, ljz]if1 jf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;doleq To:tf] clwsf/L, ljz]if1 jf /fi6 a}+snfO{ pknAw u/fpg], x]g{ jf hfFRg lbg] st{Jo ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf To:tf] O{hfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Lsf] x'g]5 . -#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/L jf /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ cfjZos b]v]sf sfd sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf lnlvt ?kdf aofg u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To:tf] lg/LIf0f tyf

62

;'k/Lj]If0fsf] l;nl;nfdf cfjZos 7fg]df Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] 9's'6L, ;'/If0fdf lnOPsf] uf]bfd, lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf, n]vf tyf cGo sfuhftdf cfgf] l;n5fk nufO{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lhDdfdf /fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 . -%_ lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ cfjZos b]lvPsf s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+s jf lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L /fi6 a}+s jf lg/LIf0f jf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] o;/L lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] hfgsf/L oyfzL3| /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . %#= ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug]{ lg/LIf0f M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}ssf] :jLs[lt lnP/ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fHodf :yfkgf u/]sf cfgf sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] u/]sf] lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] Ps k|lt /fi6 a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf pk/ lgoGq0f M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] jf /fi6 a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bgaf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgjf{x

%$=

63

ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] jf g;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;'rf? ?kn] ;+rfng gePsf] jf z]o/wgL jf lgIf]kstf{sf] clxt x'g] sfo{ u/]sf] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt lgnDag u/L To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lng ;Sg]5 . -@_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPkl5 To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg cfk}m jf s'g} pko'Qm JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf lgo'Qm u/L ;f] dfkm{t ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfk}m jf cGo s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf dfkm{t Joj:yfkg u/] u/fPsf] Ps jif{leq ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljQLo tyf Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f u/L jf u/fO{ ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf? ?kn] ;+rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL ug{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . -%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf??kn] ;+rfng x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf] sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u/]sf]

64

lgnDag k'ms'jf u/L k'gM ;f]xL ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ ;f] ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg], jf -v_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lgnlDat ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ avf{:t u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL dWo]af6 gofF ;+rfns ;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;f] ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg], jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfO{ ;f] ;efaf6 gofF ;+rfns ;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;f] ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg], jf

-u_

/fi6 a}+sn] pko'Qm b]v]sf] cGo s'g} sf/afxL rnfpg] . -^_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lng' cl3 ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cj:yf x]/L kGw| lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbO{ cfgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{5 . -&_ /fi6 a}+sn] o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . -*_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] hfgsf/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lbg]5 . %%= ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ M Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhd b]xfosf] ljj/0f /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgoldt ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M -s_ jf;nftleq / jf;nft aflx/sf] sf/f]af/ tyf

-3_

65

;f];+u ;DalGwt n]vf / cfDbfgL vr{sf] ljj/0f, -v_ jf;nftleq / jf;nft aflx/sf ;a} k|sf/sf] sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf nufO{Psf] zt{ jf k|ltaGw ;DaGwL ljj/0f, ljb]zL d'b|fsf] l:ylt, ljlgdob/ -:k6_, clu|d ljlgdo b/ jf o:t} k|sf/sf cGo pks/0f / ljB'tLo jf e'QmfgL k|0ffnLsf cGo k|s[of ;DaGwL ljj/0f, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo ljj/0f tyf sfuhft .

-u_

-3_

kl/R5]b*
shf{ k|jfx / c;'nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf %^= shf{ k|jfx ug{' kg]{ M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg tyf ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] shf{ gLltsf] cwLgdf /xL Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd shf{ k|jfx ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{ lb+bf cfk"mnfO{ dfGo x'g] rn crn ;DklQ ;'/If0f lnO{ jf cfgf] lxtsf] ;'/Iff x'g] u/L plrt hdfgtdf shf{ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] o; bkmf adf]lhd shf{sf] ;'/If0f jfkt lnPsf] ;DklQ s'g} klg Joxf]/faf6 s;}sf gfpFdf /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ug{ /f]Ssf ul/lbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h /f]Ssf ul/lbgsf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non]

66

/lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h /f]Ssf u/L lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ Go"g cfo ePsf tyf ljkGg ju{sf JolQm / s'g} vf; ef}uf]lns If]qdf j;f]jf; ug]{ jfl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf nflu k|fyldstf lbO{Psf ju{ tyf If]qdf shf{ k|jfxug{ /fi6 a}+sn] O{hfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5\ . %&= shf{ c;'nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;+u ePsf] shf{sf] ;Demf}tf jf zt{ sa'lnotsf] kfngf gu/]df jf lnvtsf] efvfleq Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] shf{ r'Qmf gu/]df jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] hfFra'em ubf{ shf{ lnPsf] shf{ /sd h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu lnPsf] xf] ;f] k|of]hgdf gnufPsf] jf lxgfldgf jf b'?kof]u ePsf] b]lvPdf ;DalGwt lnvt jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg C0fLn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ n]lvlbPsf] jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fnfO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lnnfd laqmL u/L jf cGo s'g} Joj:yf u/L cfgf] ;fFjf Aofh c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ shf{ lng], JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] hfoh]yfdf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f]8L lbPdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] df]n 36\g uPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 ;f] jfkt yk lwtf] ;'/If0f /fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 . shf{ lng] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq

67

yk lwtf] ;'/If0f g/fv]df jf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0faf6 ;fFjf Aofh c;'npk/ x'g g;s]df lghsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf lghsf] xs nfUg] cGo rn crn ;DklQaf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] ;fFjf Aofh c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL jf cGo Joj:yf u/L c;'npk/ ePsf] /sdnfO{ ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL jf cGo Joj:yf ubf{ ePsf] vr{sf] /sd / Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;fFjf Aofhsf] /sd sf u/L afFsL /xg cfPdf To:tf] afFsL /sd ;DalGwt JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ lkmtf{ lbOg]5 . -$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lnnfd laqmL ubf{ lnnfd ;sfg]{ JolQmsf] gfddf ;f] hfoh]yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbgsf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]hsf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 n]vL cfPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt sfof{non] /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbg' kg]{5 . -^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lwtf] ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] rn crn ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ s;}n] g;sf/]df To:tf] ;DklQ To:tf] ;+:yfn] tf]lsP adf]lhd cfgf] :jfldTjdf lng]5 . -&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] :jfldTjdf lnPsf] ;DklQ cfgf] gfpFdf /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L n]vLcfPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt sfof{non] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] gfddf To:tf] ;DklQ

68

/lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbg' kg]{5 . -*_ s'g} JolQm jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lwtf] lnnfddf ;sf/]sf] ;DklQ ;fljs wgLn] ef]urng ug{ lbg OGsf/ u/]df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ef]u rng ug{ kfpg] u/fpg ;sf/ ug]{n] cg'/f]w u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfon] cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 . -(_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] bkmf $& sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 z_, pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -/_, pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -_ / pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -7_ adf]lhd ckn]vg u/]sf] shf{sf] c;'nL sf/jfxL /f]Sg kfpg]5}g . -!)_ s'g} JolQm , kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] O{hfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf;+u lnPsf] shf{ ;f] shf{sf] lnvtsf] efsf leq r'Qmf gu/L o; bkmf adf]lhd sf/jfxL rnfpbf ;DaGwLt O{hfhtkq ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ sfnf];"lrdf /fVg shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| lnld6]8df n]lv k7fpg' kg]{5 . -!!_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf;+u o; bkmf adf]lhd shf{ c;'nLsf] sf/jfxL rnfpbf ;d]t To:tf] shf{ c;'n pk/ x'g g;s]df O{hfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] C0fL JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] ljb]z l:yt cGo s'g} ;DklQaf6 ;d]t To:tf] shf{ c;'n pk/ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg] nufPtsf shf{ c;'n pk/ ;DaGwL sf/jfxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 . -!@_ pkbkmf -!_ b]lv -*_ adf]lhd C0f c;'nLsf ;j} sf/jfxL rnfpbf ;d]t C0f c;'nL x'g g;s]df ;DaGwLt O{hfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] C0fL JolQmsf] /fxbfgL /f]Ssf tyf hkmt ug{ / /fHon] k|bfg ug]{ s'g} ;'ljwfaf6 ;DaGwLt C0fLnfO{

69

jl~rt u/fpg] cfjZos Joj:yfsf nflu /fi6 a}+s ;dIf cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 . o:tf] cg'/f]w k|fKt ePkl5 /fi6 a}+sn] cfkm\gf] /fo;lxt cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k7fpg]5 .

kl/R5]b(

n]vf, clen]v, ljj/0f tyf k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf %*= lx;fa lstfa b'?:t /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf, axL, >]:tf / n]vfsf] clen]v oyfy{ / b'?:t /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf bf]xf]/f] n]vf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ;j{dfGo l;4fGt cg'?k Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ l:ylt :ki6 ?kdf k|ltljlDat x'g] u/L /flvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf /fi6 a}+sn] cGoyf :jLs[lt lbPsf]df afx]s cfgf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 .

%(= jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa / n]vfk/LIf0fM !_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] jf;nft / gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fa tyf gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf cGo ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrf / t/Lsf cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfly{s jif{

70

;dfKt ePsf] kfFr dlxgfleq jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf cGo ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/ tof/ u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{5 . o:tf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf sDtLdf b'O{hgf ;+rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v / n]vfk/LIfssf] ;xL ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg g;Sg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] dgfl;a sf/0f vf]nL n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] Dofb yksf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]df /fi6 a}+sn] a9Ldf tLg dlxgfsf] cjlw yk ul/lbg ;Sg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] cjlwleq klg n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg g;Sg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ul/lbg ;Sg]5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf / /fi6 a}+sdf lbg' kg]{5 . -^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhd kfl/>lds kfpg]5 . o;/L lgo'Qm x'g] n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPadf]lhdsf] kfl/>lds e'QmfgL lbg' ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . ^)= n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm M -!_ n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g]5. -@_ ;fwf/0f ;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[t u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z /x]sf n]vfk/LIfs dWo]af6 ug'{ kg]{]{5 .

71

t/ ;fwf/0f ;efn] Pp6} n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ nuftf/ tLg k6s eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -#_ /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[t u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z /x]sf n]vfk/LIfs dWo]af6 ;fwf/0f ;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ s, v / u ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] xsdf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 / 3 ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] xsdf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 jf btf{jfnf n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{]{5 . -$_ cfgf] st{Jo kfngf gug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLaf6 h'g;'s} avt x6fpg]5 . ^!= n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg] M b]xfosf] JolQm jf To:tf JolQm ;+:yfks jf lx:;]bf/ ePsf] sDkgL jf kmd{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g / lgo'Qm eO;s]sf] eP klg axfn /xg ;Sg] 5}g M -s_ -v_ -u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns jf sd{rf/L;+u ;fe]mbf/ eO{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] cf;fdL, n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL ck/fwdf ;hfo kfO{ kfFr jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eO g;s]sf] JolQm,

-3_ -_

72

-r_ -5_

;fx"sf] bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] JolQm, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf, g}lts ktg x'g] kmf}Hbf/L ck/fwdf cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfO{ kfFr jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eO{ g;s]sf] JolQm,

-h_

-em_ e|i6frf/ jf 7uLsf] s;"/df cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPsf] JolQm, -`_ /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[t u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf ;fdfj]z gePsf] JolQm .

^@= ljj/0f lbg'kg]{ M n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ qmddf n]vfk/LIfsn] dfu]sf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vf nufotsf cGo ljj/0f Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] h'g;'s} avt klg lbg' kg]{5 . ;fy} n]vfk/LIfsn] dfu]sf s'/fsf] oyfy{ hjfkm ;d]t To:tf] ljj/0f lbg] lhDd]jf/L ePsf kbflwsf/Ln] t'?Gt} lbg' kg]{5 . ^#= n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ bkmf ^) adf]lhd lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] s'/fsf] cltl/Qm n]vfk/LIfsn] cfgf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf s'/fx? :ki6 pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M -s_ -v_ dfu u/]sf s'/fsf] hjfkm k|fKt eP gePsf], jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/

73

tof/ eP gePsf] / pQm ljj/0f ;+:yfn] /fv]sf] lx;fa lstfa, axL vftf, >]:tf / n]vf;+u b'?:t /x] g/x]sf] , -u_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vf 7Ls;+u /fv] g/fv]sf], Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"g ljkl/t s'g} sfdsfh jf clgoldt sfo{ u/] gu/]sf] jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL u/] u/fPsf], Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ ;Gtf]ifk|b ?kaf6 ;+rfng eP gePsf], k"FhLsf]if tyf hf]lvdJoxf]g]{ sf]if kof{Kt dfqfdf eP gePsf], tf]lsP adf]lhd shf{ ckn]vg u/] gu/]sf], /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k sfo{ u/] gu/]sf],

-3_

-_ -r_ -5_ -h_

-em_ lgIf]kstf{ / nufgLstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0f x'g] sfo{ u/] gu/]sf], -`_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfsf sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt ljj/0f n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu kof{Kt eP gePsf], -6_ -7_ z]o/wgLnfO{ yfxf lbg'kg]{ lghsf] larf/df nfu]sf cGo s'/fx?, n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{ egL /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f, /

74

-8_

cfjZos ;'emfj .

^$= k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{ M -!_ n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf / /fi6 a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfsn] /fi6 a}+sdf k|ltj]bg lb+bf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f;+u ;DalGwt cGo k|ltj]bg nufot /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] sfuhft ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ^%= n]vfk/LIfssf] :yfg l/Qm ePdf M bkmf ^) adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] :yfg lghsf] d[To' eO{ jf lghn] /flhgfdf lbO{ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm x'g cfPdf ;fljsjfnfsf] afFsL cjlw;DdnfO{ ;f] l/Qm :yfgdf ;f]xL bkmfsf] k|s[of k"/f u/L ;ldltn] csf]{ n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L ul/Psf] n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQmnfO{ To:tf] lgo'lQm kl5 nuQ} x'g] aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;dy{g u/fpg' kg]{5 . ^^= n]vfk/LIfsn] lg:;f nufpg' kg]{ M n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] k/LIf0f u/]sf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vfdf cfk"mn] hfFr]sf] ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L b:tvt u/L lg:;f nufpg' kg]{5 .

^&= n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds M n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds ;fwf/0f ;efn] lgo'Qm u/]sf]df ;f] ;efn] / ;ldltn] lgo'Qm u/]sf]df ;ldltn] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b!)
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufleg] Joj:yf

75

^*=

Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ufleg ;Sg] M o; P]g adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L Pp6f Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf csf]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ufleg ;Sg]5 . Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEg jf ufleg lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ M -!_ Pp6f Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf csf]{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfdf ufEg jf ufleg rfx]df ufEg / ufleg rfxg] b'a} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfcfgf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L :jLs[ltsf] lgldQ /fi6 a}+sdf ;+o'Qm ?kdf b]xfosf s'/f v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M -s_ ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] kl5Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf ljQLo ljj/0f ;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg, ufEg]] / ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] C0f lnPsf] ;fx"sf] ufEg jf uflegsf] nflu lbPsf] lnlvt ;xdlt kqsf] k|ltlnlk, ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Nofg / bfloTjsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f, ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/Lsf ;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufleg] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/f .

^(=

-v_

-u_

-3_

-_

76

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[ltsf] nflu lgj]bg k/]df /fi6 a}+sn] lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg sfuhft tyf ljj/0f pk/ 5fglag u/L k}+tfln; lbgleq / lg0f{os} l;nl;nfdf /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} ljj/0f jf sfuhft dfu]sf] cj:yfdf yk kGw| lbgleq Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEg jf ufleg :jLs[lt lbg] jf glbg] lg0f{o u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ufle+bf To;af6 ljQLo If]qdf c:j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'g] jf s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Psflwsf/ jf lgolGqt cEof; sfod x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ ufEg / ufleg :jLs[lt lbg] 5}g . -$_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEg jf ufleg :jLs[lt lbPdf ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] hfoh]yf tyf bfloTj ufEg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf ;g]{5 . -%_ /fi6 a}+sn] uflePsf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 . -^_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ufEg] / ufleg] ;DaGwL cGo k|ls|of ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . -&_ /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ufEg] ;DaGwdf cfk"mn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] Aoxf]/f ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu lg0f{o ePsf] tL; lbgleq /fli6o:t/sf] kqklqsfdf sDtLdf Ps k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b!!

77

s;"/ tyf b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf &)= s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg] M b]xfosf] s'g} sfd u/]df o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M -s_ s;}n] o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkq glnO{ jf Ohfhtkqsf] zt{ ljkl/t x'g] u/L ljQLo sf/f]af/ u/]df jf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg ljk/Lt x'g] u/L lgIf]k lnPdf jf shf{ lbPdf jf l8a]Gr/ jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f hf/L u/]df jf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L Aofh lng] lbg] u/]df jf of] P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"g jf ;f] P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf cfb]z jf lgb]{zg ljkl/t ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ u/]df, of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/, lx;fa lstfa, vftf jxL, >]:tf jf n]vfsf] uf]klgotf sfod /fVg' kg]{ lhDd]jf/L ePsf kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] uf]klgotf sfod g/fv]df,

-v_

&!=

v08 -s_ jf -v_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s s;}n] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg pNn+3g u/]df . b08 ;hfo M -!_ b]xfosf s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 M -s_ s;}n] o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkq glnO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ u/]df pQm sf/f]af/;+u ;DalGwt lauf] hkmt

-u_

78

u/L lauf]sf] tLg u'0ff;Dd hl/jfgf jf tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} . -v_ s;}n] o; P]g jf k|rlnt cGo sfg"g ljkl/t ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ u/]df lauf]sf] tLg u'0ff;Dd hl/jfgf jf tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} . s;}n] o; P]g jf o; P]g cGt/ut hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg ljkl/t x'g] u/L lgIf]k lnPdf jf shf{ lbPdf jf l8a]Gr/ jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f hf/L u/]df jf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] ljkl/t x'g] u/L Aofh lng] lbg] u/]df lauf]sf] b'O{ u'0ff;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} . of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/, lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf jf n]vfsf] uf]klgotf sfod /fVg' kg]{ lhDd]jf/L ePsf kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] uf]klgotf sfod g/fv]df To:tf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd h/Ljfgf jf Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} . s;}n] bkmf &) sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df lghnfO{ To:tf] s;"/;+u ;DalGwt lauf] hkmt u/L lauf] adf]lhd;Ddsf] h/Ljfgf jf Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} . s;}n] o; P]g ljk/Lt u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf lauf] hkmt u/L lauf] sfod ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf ePsf]df

-u_

-3_

-_

-r_

79

s;"/sf] dfqf x]/L a9Ldf bznfv ?k}ofF;Dd h/Ljfgf jf Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} . -@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} JolQm, kmd{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] bkmf &) adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] To:tf] s;"/ ug]{ ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 . -#_ bkmf &) adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ug{ pBf]u ug]{ jf To:tf] s;"/ ug{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] d2t k'ofpg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} JolQm, kmd{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ df tf]lsPsf] ;hfosf] cfwf;Dd ;hfo x'g]5 . &@= g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M bkmf &) df plNnlvt s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL eO{ bfo/ ul/g]5 / To:tf] d'2f ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] cg';"rL! df ;dfj]z ePsf] dflgg]5 . &#= /fi6 a}+sn] hfgsf/L lbg] M bkmf &) df plNnlvt s;"/ s;}n] u/]sf] hfgsf/L s'g} dfWodaf6 /fi6 a}+snfO{ x'g cfPdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg]5 .

&$= /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodg pNn+3g u/]df x'g] ;hfo M -!_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod cGtu{t /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] pNn+3g u/]df To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ lgodg pNn+3gsf]

80

uflDeo{tf x]/L /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ -v_ -u_ ;r]t u/fpg] jf lnlvt r]tfjgL lbg], ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNgsf nflu ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ sa'lnotgfdf u/fpg] , af/Daf/ x'g] pNn+3g cGt ug{, To;af6 cnu /xg / ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNgsf nflu lnlvt cfb]z hf/L ug]{ , Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/wgLnfO{ lbg] nfef+zsf] ljt/0f jf af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug{ jf b'a} sfo{ ug{df k|ltjGw nufpg] , Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] lgIf]k jf lbg ;Sg] shf{ jf b'a} sfo{ ug{df k|ltaGw nufpg] , Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df cf+lzs jf k"0f{ k|ltaGw nufpg] , Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lgnDag jf /2 ug]{, Ohfhtkq

-3_

-_

-r_ -5_ -h_

Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf vf/]h ug{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg] . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGt/ut ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod cGtu{t /fi6 a}+s jf ;f] a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] sfuhft, ljj/0f, tYof jf clen]v /fi6 a}+s jf ;f] a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] ;do leq k]z gu/]df To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/df bzxhf/ ?k}ofF

81

b]lv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd nufOPsf] hl/jfgf /sd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tLg lbgleq e'QmfgL gu/]df To:tf] ;+:yfsf] /fi6 a}+sdf /x]sf] vftfaf6 sf u/L /fi6 a}+sn] lng ;Sg]5 . -$_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Ln] pNn+3g u/]df jf To:tf kbflwsf/Ln] lgIf]kstf{ jf nufgLstf{sf] lxt ljk/Lt sfd u/]df jf /fi6 a}+s jf lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] sfuhft, ljj/0f, tYof jf clen]v /fi6 a}+s jf ;f] a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] ;doleq k]z gu/]df To:tf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ cfb]z jf lgb]{zg pNn+3gsf] ufDeLo{t x]/L /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ ;r]t u/fpg] jf gl;xt lbg] . lgnDagdf /fVg] . kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug]{ . tnj, eQf nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwfx? /f]Ssf /fVg ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ cfb]z lbg] . kbflwsf/L ;+rfns eP ;+rfns kbaf6 x6fpg jf kbflwsf/L eP To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghnfO{ ;]jfaf6 cjsf; lbg nufpg ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ cfb]z lbg]

-_

82

. -%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s;}nfO{ ;hfo ubf{ lghnfO{ cfgf] tk{maf6 ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ plrt cj;/af6 al~rt ul/g] 5}g . t/ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, u_ / -3_, pkbkmf -@_ / pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 s_ / -v_ adf]lhd ;hfo ubf{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ cj;/ lbg cfjZos x'g] 5}g . &%= k'g/fj]bg nfUg] M -!_ bkmf &$ cGtu{t /fi6 a}+sn] u/]sf] ;hfo pk/ lrQ ga'em\g] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf ;f] ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Ln] ;hfosf] cfb]z kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ubf{ s'g} /sd hl/jfgf ePsf]df To:tf] /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf /fi6 a}+sdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b!@
ljljw &^= :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] cg'dlt lng' kg]{ M -!_ /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lagf Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf :j]R5fn] vf/]h x'g ;Sg] 5}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] nflu lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] C[0f tyf bfloTj k'0f{ ?kdf e'QmfgL ug{ ;Ifd 5 eGg] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{ k"/f ug]{ u/L :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 . &&= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf vf/]h x'Fbf bfloTjsf] e'QmfgLdf k|fyldstfqmd M k|rlnt sfg"gdf

83

h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf s'g} lsl;dn] vf/]hL x'Fbf jf bfdf;fxL ug'{ kbf{ b]xfosf] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df bfloTjsf] e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{5 M -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ -_ -r_ -5_ vf/]hL ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ . art lgIf]kstf{nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL /sd . d'2tL lgIf]kstf{nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL /sd . cGo lgIf]kstf{nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL /sd . k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd a'emfpg' kg]{ s/, b:t'/ / z'Ns . /fi6 a}+s ;+u lnPsf] shf{ . sd{rf/LnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg afFsL tna, eQf, ;+rosf]if, pkbfg / cGo /sd . Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lnPsf] cGo shf{ .

-h_

-em_ z]o/wgL . &*= dWo:ytf M Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?sf aLrdf s'g} lsl;dsf] ljjfb pTkGg ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] dWo:ytf ug]{5 . o:tf] dWo:ytfsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 . &(= uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf / u|fxs aLrsf] ;DaGw tyf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf

84

/ n]vfsf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt JolQm afx]s cGo s;}nfO{ yfxf lbOg] 5}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ljj/0f lbOPdf uf]klgotf e u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g M -s_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbOPdf, d'2f jf cGo sfg"gL sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf cbfntnfO{ lbOPdf, sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ jf cleof]hg ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ txlssft jf cleof]hgsf] l;nl;nfdf lbOPdf, n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf n]vfk/LIfs nfO{ lbOPdf, n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf n]vfk/LIfsn] pNn]v u/]sf]df, hfFra'emsf] l;nl;nfdf hfFra'em ;ldltnfO{ jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{ lbOPdf, lkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo ;lGwsf] cfwf/df b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L d'n's aLr a}ls ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ePsf]df, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx? aLr shf{ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lbOPdf,

-v_ -u_

-3_ -_ -r_

-5_

-h_

85

-em_ s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] ck/fw cg';Gwfg sf] l;nl;nfdf sf/0f ;d]t v'nfO{ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfdf /x]sf] vftfsf] s'g} ljj/0f jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] vftfsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfnoaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbPdf . -#_ g]kfn ;/sf/, cbfnt, /fi6 a}+s, hfFra'em ;ldlt, cg';Gwfg tyf cleof]hg clwsf/L, n]vfk/LIfs, o; P]g adf]lhd lgo'Qm lg/LIfs jf c? s;}n] klg pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] hfgsf/L jf ljj/0fsf] uf]kgLotf e+u ug'{ x'Fb}g . -$_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf ;+rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, sd{rf/L, n]vfk/LIfs tyf ;Nnfxsf/n] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf / u|fxs aLrsf] ;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lx;fa lstfj, vftf axL ;|]:tf, n]vf tyf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] uf]klgotf sfod ug'{ kg]{ ljifosf] uf]klgotf e+u ug'{ x'Fb}g . *)= vftf /f]Ssf /fVg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M-!_ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg jf /fli6o jf cGt/f{li6o cft+sjfbL ultljlw jf ;+ul7t ck/fwsf] lgoGq0f u/L /fli6o lxt sfod /fVg] l;nl;nfdf s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /x]sf] vftfaf6 s'g} klg lsl;dn] e'QmfgL lbg jf /sdfGt/ ug{ gkfpg] u/L vftf /f]Ssf /fVg /fi6 a}+sn] ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} klg avt lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn]

86

lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . *!=

;DalGwt

lgIf]k pk/sf] xs bfjL M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /x]sf] lgIf]k pk/ ;f] lgIf]k /fVg] JolQm afx]s c? s;}sf] xs bfjL nfUg] 5}g . lgIf]k /fVg] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf lghn] s;}nfO{ OR5fPsf] eP To:tf] OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] / To:tf] OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] klg d[To' ePsf] /x]5 jf s;}nfO{ OR5fOPsf] /x]g5 eg] b]xfosf] JolQm dWo] k|fyldstf qmdfg';f/ h'g JolQm hLljt 5 ;f]xL JolQmsf] To:tf] lgIf]k pk/ klxnf] xs bfjL nfUg]5 M -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ -_ -r_ ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL, ;uf]nsf] 5f]/f, wd{k'q jf 5f]/L jf wd{k'qL, ;uf]nsf] afa', cfdf, 5f]/f klsf] gftL jf gftLgL, leGg a;]sf] klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L, afa' jf cfdf, ;uf]nsf] afa' klsf] afh], aHo}, bfh', efO{, cljjflxtf lbbL jf alxgL, ;uf]nsf] elthf, elthL, ;f}t}gL cfdf, leGg a;]sf] 5f]/f klsf] gftL jf cljjflxtf gfltgL, ;uf]nsf] sfsf, lawjf sfsL, efpHo", efO{ a'xf/L jf gfltgL a'xf/L, leGg a;]sf] bfh' jf efO{,

-5_ -h_

-em_ ljjflxtf lbbL, alxgL, leGg a;]sf afh], aHo}, lawjf 5f]/f a'xf/L,

87

gfltgL a'xf/L jf elthf . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] qmddf sf]xL JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] lgIf]k pk/ xsjfnfsf] bfjL /xg]5 / xsjfnf klg gePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] lgIf]k g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g]5 . -#_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /x]sf] lgIf]k pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd xs k'Ug] JolQmsf] dGh'/Ln] afx]s cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{ lbOg] 5}g . *@= bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]k jf nfef+zsf] ljj/0f M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] bz jif{b]lv rNtL gePsf tyf o; P]g adf]lhd xs bfjL gk/]sf lgIf]k vftfx?sf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgfleq /fi6 a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] nfef+z 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ldltn] kfFr jif{;Dd klg ;DalGwt z]o/wgL jf lghsf] xsjfnf ;f] nfef+z lng gcfPdf To:tf z]o/wgLsf] nfef+zsf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgfleq /fi6 a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ jf @_ adf]lhd rNtL gePsf jf bfjL gk/]sf lgIf]kx? jf ljt/0f gePsf] nfef+zsf] ljj/0f /fli6o :t/sf] kqklqsfdf sDtLdf Ps k6s k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . *#= lgIf]k e/L e/fpm jf hkmt x'g ;Sg] M Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lgIf]k /sd lwtf] jf hdfgt /fvL n]gb]g sf/f]af/ u/]sf] jf ;/sf/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfsf] txljn df;L ;f] df;]sf] /sdaf6 jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} s;"/ dflgg] sfd u/L ;f] s;"/sf] lauf]af6 jf cft+ssf/L jf ;+ul7t ck/fw ;DaGwL ultljlwaf6 ;+sng u/L lgIf]k /fv]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] lwtf] jf hdfgt /x]sf] jf

88

txljn d;f}6 u/]sf] jf lauf] hlt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;f] lgIf]kaf6 e/L e/fpm jf hkmt x'g ;Sg]5 . *$= Joj:yfkg vr{M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;+:yfkgf vr{ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldf eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .

*%= afwf c8sfp k'msfpg] M o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/f sfof{Gjog ug{ afwf c8sfp k/]df /fi6 a}+sn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xdtL lnO{ To:tf] afwf c8sfp k'msfpg cfjZos cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . *^= 5'6 / ;'ljwf M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s[lif, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, l;+rfO{, hn ljB't pTkfbg tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} Joj;fosf] lgldQ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] g]kfnL gful/s jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt ;+:yfnfO{ lbg] a9Ldf bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] shf{sf] lnvt /lhi6]zg ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . -@_ bkmf %! sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] clwgdf /xL Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{ jf lgIf]kdf lng] jf lbg] Aofhsf] b/ / Aofh nfUg] t/Lsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . t/ To:tf] Aofhsf] b/ jf Aofh nfUg] t/Lsfsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;do;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lng] jf lbg] shf{ / lgIf]ksf] efvf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . -$_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfl;t ;DalGwt s'g} lsl;dsf] lnvtdf cfol6s6 b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .

89

*&= c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfddf hjfkmb]xL x'g gkg]{ M -!_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%*, of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd c;n lgotn] u/]sf] s'g} sfdsf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs ?kn] hjfkmb]xL x'g] 5}gg\ . t/ ]if k"0f{ nfk/jfxL jf jblgotaf6 ul/Psf] s'g} sfdsf] kl/0ffd pk/ lghx? JolQmut ?kdf lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ . -@_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%*, o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug{sf] lgldQ c;n lgotn] u/]sf] jf ug{ vf]h]sf] s'g} s'/fn] x'g cfPsf] jf x'g] xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] ;DaGwdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf lj?4 s'g} lsl;dsf] d'2f k/]df To:tf] d'2fsf] vr{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{5 . t/ ]if k"0f{ nfk/jfxL jf jblgotaf6 ul/Psf] s'g} sfdsf] kl/0ffd pk/ k/]sf] d'2fsf] vr{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{ 5}g . zky u|x0f ug]{ M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf klxnf] k6s lgo'lQm ePsf kbflwsf/Ln] cfgf] cf]xbfsf] sfd z'? ug'{ eGbf cufj} tf]lsP adf]lhd uf]klgotf / OdfGbf/Ltfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 . -@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfgf] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf yfxf kfPsf] s'g}klg ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L cgflws[t JolQmnfO{ yfxf lbg' x'Fb}g . sfd sf/afxL ab/ gx'g] M ;+rfnssf] lgo'lQm jf ;ldltsf] u7gdf clgoldttf ePsf] jf s'g} ;+rfnssf] kb l/Qm /x]sf] sf/0fn] dfq ;+rfns jf ;ldltn] u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g] 5}g .

**=

*(=

90

()=

(!=

lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos lgodx? agfpg ;Sg]5 To:tf lgodx? g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt eP kl5 nfu" x'g]5g\ . ljlgod agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ cfgf] sfd sf/f]af/ ;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;+rfng ug{ / o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ljlgod agfpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ljlgod /fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 nfu" x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] s'g} jf ;a} ljifodf ljlgod agfpg ;Sg]5 M -s_ ;ldltsf] a}7s / ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlw af/], -v_ ;ldltn] ;+rfns jf sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/L ;'Dkg] af/], -u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf, ;?jf, avf{:tL, tnj, eQf, pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f, ljbf, cfr/0f, cg'zf;g ;d]t ;]jfsf zt{ / u7g af/], -3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf tk{maf6 ul/g] s/f/ ;DaGwL zt{x? af/], -_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL ljifo af/], -r_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] 5fk rnfpg] sfo{ljwL af/], -5_ o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] ug'{kg]{ cGo sfd sf/afxL af/] .

91

(@= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M o; P]g / o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf cfb]z jf lgb]{zgdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf o;} P]g / cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . t/ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g,@)%* df n]lvP hlt s'/fdf ;f]xL P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 . (# vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ b]xfosf P]gx? Vff/]h ul/Psf]5 M -s_ s[lif ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)@$, -v_ jfl0fHo a}+s P]g, @)#!, -u_ ljQ sDkgL P]g, @)$@, -3_ g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgud P]g, @)$^ / -_ ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)%@ -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]\h ul/Psf] P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;} P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 . -#_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0f c;'nL ;DaGwL P]g, @)%* df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfs]f C0f c;'nL ;DaGwL d'2fsf ;DaGWfdf ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf # sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 . ($ j}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf ;DaGwL cWofb]z, @)^@ lgis[o ePkl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd M a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf ;DaGwL cWofb]z, @)^@ lgis[o ePkl5 csf]{ clek|fo gb]lvPdf ;f] lgis[otfn], -s_ ;f] cWofb]z lgis[o x'+bfsf jvt rNtL gePsf] jf sfod g/x]sf] s'g} s'/f klg hufpg] 5}g . -v_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd rfn' ePsf] s'/f jf ;f] adf]lhd /Lt k'/\ofO cl3 g} ul/Psf] s'g} sfd

92

jf ef]lu;s]sf] s'g} s'/fnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g, -u_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd kfPsf], xfl;n u/]sf] jf ef]u]sf] s'g} xs, ;'ljwf, st{Jo jf bfloTjdf c;/ kfg]{ 5}g, -3_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd ul/Psf] s'g} b08 ;hfo jf hkmtnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g, -_ dfly n]lvPsf] s'g} To:tf] xs, ;'ljwf, st{Jo, bfloTj jf b08 ;hfosf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL jf pkfonfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g / pQm cWofb]z sfod /x] ;/x To:tf] s'g} sfg"gL sf/jfxL jf pkfonfO{ klg z'? ug{, rfn' /fVg jf nfu' ug{ ;lsg]5 .