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TRUNG TM BDKT V LTH 36/ kit 73 NGUYN HONG

TRUNG TM GS NH CAO V CHT LNG


ST: 01234332133 0978421673. TP HU
CHUYN HM S
LUYN THI
TT NGHIP TRUNG HC PH THNG, I HC, CAONG
Hue, thang 7/2012
* Tnh n iu ca hm s
* ng dng tnh n iu hm s chng minh bt
ng thc
* ng dng hm s vo gii v bin lun ph
ng
trnh, bt phng trnh, h phng trnh
* Cc tr hm s
* Mt nn - Khi nn (Din tch, th tch)
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 1
BI 1. SNG BIN, NGHCH BIN CA HM S
A. KIN THC CN NH:
I. TNH N IU CA HM S:
1. Nhc li nh ngha: Ta k hiu K l khong hoc na khong. Gi s hm
s = ( ) y f x xc nh trn K.
Hm s f ng bin (tng) trn K x
1
, x
2
e K, x
1
< x
2
f(x
1
) < f(x
2
)
Hm s f nghch bin (gim) trn K x
1
, x
2
e K, x
1
< x
2
f(x
1
) > f(x
2
)
Hm s ng bin hoc nghch bin trn K c gi chung l hm s n iu
trn K
2. iu kin cn hm s n iu
Gi s f c o hm trn khong K.
a) Nu f ng bin trn khong K th f'(x) > 0, x e K
b) Nu f nghch bin trn khong K th f'(x) s 0, x e K
3. iu kin hm s n iu
Gi s f c o hm trn khong K.
a) Nu f' (x) > 0, x e K (f'(x) = 0 ti mt s hu hn im) th f ng bin
trn K.
b) Nu f' (x) s 0, x e K (f'(x) = 0 ti mt s hu hn im) th f nghch bin
trn K.
c) Nu f'(x) = 0, x e K th f khng i trn K.
Ch :
- Nu khong K c thay bi on hoc na khong th f phi lin tc
trn .
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 2
- Nu hm f lin tc trn on [a;b] v c o hm f(x)>0 trn khong (a;b)
th hm s f(x) ng bin trn [a;b]
- Nu hm f lin tc trn on [a;b] v c o hm f(x)<0 trn khong (a;b)
th hm s f(x) nghch bin trn [a;b]
II. QUY TC XT TNH
N IU CA HM S
xt chiu bin thin ca hm s y = f(x), ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
Tm tp xc nh ca hm s.
Tnh y'. Tm cc im = ( 1,2,.., )
i
x i n m ti y' = 0 hoc y' khng tn ti
(gi l cc im ti hn ca hm s)
Sp xp cc im
i
x theo th t tng dn v lp bng bin thin
Nu kt lun v cc khong ng bin v nghch bin cu hm s.
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 3
B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP:
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s sau:
= + + = + = + + +
3 2 3 2 3 2
) 3 24 26; ) 3 2; ) 3 3 2 a y x x x b y x x c y x x x
Hng dn:
a) Hm ng bin trn (-4;2) v nghch bin trn cc khong
( ) ( )
+ ; 4 va 2;
b) Hm nghch bin trn (0;2) v nghch bin trn cc khong
( ) ( )
+ ; 0 va 2;
( )
( )
2
)y'=3 1 , y'=0 x=-1 va y'>0 vi moi x -1
V ham so ong bien tren moi na khoang ; 1 1; nen ham
so ong bien tren
c x
va
+ =
( +

Hoc ta c th trnh by:


T bng bin thin ta suy ra hm s ng bin trn
Bi 2. Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s sau:
= + = + = + +
4 2 4 2 4 2
1
) 2 1; ) 2 3; ) 6 8 1
4
a y x x b y x x c y x x x
Hng dn:
a) Hm ng bin trn
( )
; 2 v (0;2), Hm nghch bin trn (-2;0) v
+ (2; )
DNG TON 1: XT CHIU BIN THIN CA HM S
Phng php:
Da vo quy tc xt tnh n iu ca hm s
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 4
b) Hm ng bin trn
( )
+ 0; v nghch bin trn
( )
; 0
c) Hm ng bin trn khong
( )
+ 2; v nghch bin trn
( )
+;2
Nhn xt: i vi hm s bc 4 lun c t nht mt khong ng bin v
mt khong nghch bin. Do vy vi hm s khng th n iu trn R.
Bi 3. Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s sau:
+
= =
+
+ + +
= =
+ +
2 2
2 1 2
) ; )
1 1
2 1 4 3
) ; )
2 2
x x
a y b y
x x
x x x x
c y d y
x x
Hng dn:
a) Hm ng bin trn
( ) ( )
+ ; 1 va 1;
b) Hm nghch bin trn
( ) ( )
+ ;1 va 1;
c) Hm ng bin trn
( ) ( )
5; 2 va 2;1 ,
Hm nghch bin trn
( ) ( )
+ ; 5 va 1;
d) Hm ng bin trn
( ) ( )
+ ; 2 va 2; ,
Nhn xt:
i vi hm s
( )
+
= =
+
ax
. 0
b
y a c
cx d
lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn
khong xc nh ca chng
i vi hm s
+ +
=
+
2
ax bx c
y
dx e
lun c t nht hai khong n iu .
C hai hm s trn khng th lun n iu trn
Bi 4. Xt tnh n iu ca hm s sau:
= =
2 2 3
) 2 3 ; ) 3 a y x x b y x x
H
ng dn:
a) Ta c:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 5

s >

=

+ + < <

s >
= = =

+ < <

= =
2
2
2 3 khi 1 3
2 3 khi 1 3
2 2 khi 1 3
' ' 0 1
2 2 khi 1 3
Ham khong co ao ham tai -1 3
Bang bien thien:
x x x x
y
x x x
x x x
y y x
x x
x va x
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
+

Ham ong bien tren moi khoang 1;1 va 3; , nghich bien tren
; 1 va 1;3
(
( )
(

< =

< = = =
3
2 3
) Ham a cho xac nh tren na khoang ;3
3 2
Ta co: y'= , 3, 0
2 3
3, 0 : ' 0 2. Ham so khong co ao ham tai x=0 va x=3
b
x x
x x
x x
x x y x
( )
( ) ( )

Da vao bang bien thien: Ham ong bien tren khoang 0;2 , nghch bien
tren ; 0 va 2;3
Bi 5. Tm cc khong n iu ca hm s = sin y x trn khong
( )
t 0;2
Hng dn:
Ta c:
( )
t t
t = e = =
3
' 0, 0;2 ,
2 2
y x x x
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 6
Bng bin thin:
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s sau:

= + =

2
3 2
1 2
) 3 8 2; )
3 1
x x
a y x x x b y
x
Bi 2. Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s
= + + = +
= =
3 3 2
4 2 2
4 2
) 2 3 1; ) 6 9
3 3
) 2 5; ) 2
a y x x b y x x x
c y x x d y x x
Hng dn:
)Trnh bay tng t bai mau 1c); d)Trnh bay tng t bai mau 2b) c
Bi 3. Chng minh rng
( =

= +
= +

2
3
) 4 nghch bien tren oan 0;2
) cos 4 ong bien tren
c) cos2 2 3 nghch bien tren
a y x
b y x x x
y x x
Hng dn:
( )

( = <


( e

= + + >
2
2
) Ham so lien tuc tren oan 0;2 va co ao ham '( ) 0
4
vi moi 0;2 . Do o ham so nghch bien tren oan 0;2
) Ham so xac nh tren . Ta thay '( ) 3 1 sin 0,
x
a f x
x
x
b f x x x
( )
( )
t
t
t t
t t
e
= + s e = = + e
(
+ + + e
1

) '( ) 2 sin2 1 0, va '( ) 0 ,


4
Ham so nghch bien tren moi oan ; 1 ,
4 4
Do o ham so nghch bien tren
x
c f x x x f x x k k
k k k
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 7
Bi 4.
a) Cho hm s = +
2
sin cos y x x . Chng minh rng hm s ng bin trn
on
t t
t
( (
1 1

0; va nghch bien tren oan ;
3 3
b) Chng minh rng vi mi
( )
e 1;1 m , phng trnh + =
2
sin cos x x m c
nghim duy nht thuc on t (

0;
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
t t
t
t t
t t
( = e

e > = = =
| | (
> e
| 1
\ .
) Ham so lien tuc tren oan 0; va co '( ) sin 2cos 1 , 0;
1
V 0; sin 0 nen trong khoang 0; : '( ) 0 cos
2 3
* ' 0, 0; nen ham so ong bien tren 0;
3 3
* '
a f x x x x
x x f x x x
y x
y
t t
t t
| | (
< e
| 1
\ .
0, ; nen ham so nghch bien tren ;
3 3
x
b)
( )
Ta co:
* 0; ta co: y(0) y y 1 5 nen phng trnh khong co
3 3
nghiem thuoc 1;1
5
* ; ta co: y( ) y y 1 . Theo nh l gia tr trung
3 3 4
gian cuaham so lien
x y
x y
t t
t t
t t
( | |
e s s s s
| 1
\ .

( | |
e s s s s
| 1
\ .
( )
5
tuc m 1;1 1; , nen ton tai so thc c ;
4 3
sao cho y(c)=0.
t
t
| | | |
e c e
| |
\ . \ .
t
t
t
+ =
(
1

2
So c la nghiem cua phng trnh sin cos va v ham so nghch
bien tren ; , nen tren oan nay phng trnh co nghiem duy nhat.
3
Vay phng trnh co nghiem duy nhat tren 0;
x x m
(

BTTT: Cho hm s = +
2 2
( ) sin cos f x x x
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 8
a) Chng minh rng hm s ng bin trn
t (
1

0;
3
v nghch bin trn
on
t
t
(
1

;
3
b) Chng minh rng vi mi
( )
e 1;1 m phng trnh
+ =
2 2
sin cos x x m
BI TP T GII:
Bi 1. Xt s ng bin v nghch bin ca hm s:
+ + + +
+ +
3 2 3 2
2
4 2 5 4 3
. y = 2 3 2 b. y = x 3 3 1
1 1
c. y = x 2 1 . y = 2 1
5 4 2
a x x x x
x
x d x x x x
Bi 2. Xt s bin thin ca cc hm s sau:
+ + +
+
2
2
2 1 3 3
. y = b. y =
3 3 1
1 4x+5
. y = 2x-3- d. y =
x + 2 4x -4
x x x
a
x x
c
Bi 3. Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s sau:
+
= + = =

2 2
2 1
) 2 6 ) 2 )
3 2
x
a y x x b y x x c y
x
Bi 4. Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s sau:
( ) ( )
t
t t
| |
= =
|
\ .
) sin6 tren 0; ) cot tren ; 0 0;
6 2
x
a y x b y va
Bi 5 Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s sau:
a)
+
=
+ +
2
2
1
1
x x
y
x x
; b) = + + 3 2 2 y x x ; c) = 2 1 3 y x x
d) =
2
2 y x x e) =
2
2 y x x
f)
t t | |
= < <
|
\ .
sin2
2 2
y x x g)
t t | |
= < <
|
\ .
sin2
2 2
y x x x
Bi 6. Chng minh hm s =
2
2 y x x nghch bin trn on [1; 2]
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 9
Bi 7.
a) Chng minh hm s
2
y= x -9 ng bin trn na khong [3; +).
b) Hm s = +
4
y x
x
nghch bin trn mi na khong [-2; 0) v (0;2]
Bi 8. Chng minh rng
a) Hm s

=
+
3
2 1
x
y
x
nghch bin trn mi khong xc nh ca n.
b) Hm s
+
=
+
2
2 3
2 1
x x
y
x
ng bin trn mi khong xc nh ca n.
c) Hm s = + +
2
8 y x x nghch bin trn R.
Bi 9. Chng minh hm s = +
2
( ) cos f x x x ng bin trn R
Bi 10. Cho hm s
=
2
( ) 2 2 f x x x
a) Chng minh rng hm s f ng bin trn na khong
)
+

2;
b) Chng minh rng phng trnh =
2
2 2 11 x x c mt nghim duy
nht
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 10
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Tm m hm s lun gim (nghch bin) trn
( )
= + + + +
3 2
1
2 2 1 3 2
3
y x x m x m
Hng dn:
= + + + A = +
A

2
Ham so xac nh tren . Ta co: ' 4 2 1, ' 2 5
Bang xet dau '.
y x x m m
DNG 2: HM SN IU TRN
Phng php: Cho hm s = ( , ) y f x m , m l tham s, c tp xc nh
- Hm s f ng bin trn f'(x) > 0, x e . Du = xy ra ti hu
hn im
- Hm s f nghch bin trn f' s 0, x e. Du = xy ra ti hu
hn
im
T suy ra iu kin ca m.
Ch :
1) Nu = + +
2
' y ax bx c th:

= =

>

> e

>

A s

0
0
' 0,
0
0
a b
c
y x R
a
-
= =

s

s e

<

A s

0
0
' 0,
0
0
a b
c
y x R
a
2) nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai = + +
2
( ) g x ax bx c :
- Nu A < 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a.
- Nu A = 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a (tr x =
2
b
a
)
- Nu A > 0 th g(x) c hai nghim x
1
, x
2
v trong khong hai nghim th g(x)
khc du vi a, ngoi khong hai nghim th g(x) cng du vi a.
3) So snh cc nghim x
1
, x
2
ca tam thc bc hai = + +
2
( ) g x ax bx c vi s 0:
-
A >

< < >

<

1 2
0
0 0
0
x x P
S
-
A >

< < >

>

1 2
0
0 0
0
x x P
S
- < < <
1 2
0 0 x x P
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 11
( )
s e =
e


2
5
*m=- th y'=- 2 0, , ' 0 ch tai iem x=2. Do o ham so nghch
2
bien tren
5
*m<- th y'< 0, . Do o ham so nghch bien tren
2
x x y
x
( )
( )
<
1 2 1 2
1 2
5
*m>- th y'=0 co 2 nghiem phan biet , . Ham so ong bien tren
2
khoang ; .Trnghp nay khong thoa man
x x x x
x x
Cch gii sau y khng ph hp im no?
= <
= + + + s e s

A s

2
'
Ham so nghch bien tren khi va ch khi
1 0 5
' 4 2 1 0,
2 0
5
Vay ham so nghch bien tren khi va ch khi m -
2
a
y x x m x m
Nhn xt: Li gii trn xem ra c v ng v hp l. Tuy nhin v mt l
lun th trnh by nh trn cha tha ng, hi t nhin. Do mt i
tnh trong sng v cht ch trong ton hc
Bi 2.Tm a hm s = + + +
3 2
1
4 3
3
y x ax x lun tng (ng bin) trn
Hng dn:
= + + A =
A

2 2
Ham so xac nh tren . Ta co: ' 2 4, ' 4
Bang xet dau '.
y x ax a
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 12
( )
( )
2
*-2<a<2 th y'>0, . Do o ham so ong bien tren
*a=2 th y'= 2 ,y'=0 x=-2,y'>0, 2. Do o ham so ong bien tren
moi na khoang ; 2 va 2; nen ham so y ong bien tren
x
x x
e
+ =
( +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
* 2hoac 2 th y'=0 co 2 nghiem phan biet , . Ham so nghch
bien tren khoang ; , ong bien tren moi khoang ; va ; .
Trnghp nay khong thoa man vay ham so
a a x x x x
x x x x
< > <
+
ong bien tren khi va ch khi
-2 a 2 s s

Bi 3. Tm m hm s = + cos y x m x lun tng (ng bin) trn
Hng dn:
Cch 1:
=
> e s e
s e s < s
> e > s

Ham so xac nh tren . Ta co: ' 1 sin


Ham so ong bien tren y' 0, x msinx 1, x (1)
*m=0 th (1) luon ung
1 1
*m>0 th (1) sin , 1 0 1.
1 1
* m<0 th (1) sin , 1 1
y m x
x x m
m m
x x
m m
<
s s
0.
Vay -1 m 1 la nhng gia tr can tm
m
Cch 2:
, ,
> e
>
+ > s s

+ >

Ham ong bien tren y' 0, x


1 0
miny'=min 1 ;1 0 1 1
1 0
m
m m m
m
Ch :
Phng php:
Hm s f(x,m) tng trn > e > e
'
' 0, min 0, y x y x
Hm s f(x,m) gim trn s e > e
'
' 0, ax 0, y x m y x
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Tm m hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
= + + + +
3
2 2
2 2 8 1
3
x
y m m x m x m lun nghch
bin (gim) trn
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 13
Hng dn:
Ta c:
( ) ( )
= + + +
2
' 2 2 8 y m x m x m
( ) ( ) ( )
=
= = + + + A +

2
*Khi : 2 : ham nghch bien tren
*Khi 2 : tam thc bac hai ' 2 2 8 co =10 2
m
m y m x m x m m
Bng xt du ca A' :
( )
( )
< e
> = <
s

1 2 1 2
1 2
m<-2: ' 0, ham nghch bien tren
2 : ' 0 co hai nghiem x ,x trng hp nay ham ong bien
tren khoang ; nen trng hp nay khong thoa man
Vay m -2 la nhng gia
y x
m y x x
x x
tr can tm
Bi 2. Tm m hm s lun nghch bin (gim) trn tp xc nh
( ) ( )
( )
= + + + +
+ +
=
+
2 3 2
2
1
) 1 1 3 5
3
1 2 1
)
1
a y m x m x x
m x x
b y
x
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
= + + +
> e
=
=
=

2 2
2
2
a) ' 1 2 1 3
Ham ong bien tren y' 0, x
Trng hp 1: m 1 0
* 1: trng hp nay khong thoa man
* m=-1:trng hp nay thoa man yeu cau bai toan
Trng hp 1: m 1 0, lu
y m x m x
m
( )
A + +
2
c o: ' =- 2 m m
Bng xt du A' :
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 14
| | >
<
|
|
A <
\ .
< < =

0
* 1hoac m> 2 : ham so y ong bien tren
' 0
* =2:ham so y ong bien tren
* 1 2, 1: trng hp nay khong thoa ma n
Vay ham ong bien tren khi va ch khi m<-1
a
m do
m
m m
> hoac m 2
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
+ +
= =
+ +
=
+ > =
=
= < s
2
2 2
1 2 1 1
( )
) '
1 1
Dau cua y' la dau cua g(x),x -1
Ham y ong bien tren ; 1 va 1; '( ) 0, 1
* 1: trng hp nay thoa man yeu cau bai toan
* m 1: 1 2 thoa man
m x m x
g x
b y
x x
g x x
m
m
s s
yeu cau bai toan
Vay khi 1 m 2 th ham ong bien tren
Bi 3. Tm m hm s
+
=

2
3 2
( )
2 1
x mx
f x
x
nghch bin trn khong tng
khong xc nh.
Hng dn:
Hm s xc nh trn

`
)

1
\
2
( )
+ +
=

2
2
6 6 4
'
2 1
x x m
y
x
. Hm s nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh
s = + + s =
2
1 1
' 0, 6 6 4 0,
2 2
y x x x m x
A = ' 33 6m
Bng xt du A' :
m

11
2
+
A'
+ 0 -
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 15
* Nu >
11
2
m tc A < ' 0 th < =
1
' 0,
2
y x hay hm ng bin trn cc
khong xc nh
* Nu <
11
2
m th = ' 0 y c hai nghim phn bit
( )

+
=

>


=

1
2 1
2
3 33 6
6
3 33 6
6
m
x
x x
m
x
v r rng < <
1 2
1
2
x x
Bng bin thin:
x

1
x
1
2
2
x +
' y - 0 + + 0 -
y
Da vo bng bin thin th ta thy hmng bin trn
| |
|
\ .
1
1
;
2
x v
| |
|
\ .
2
1
;
2
x
nn ta loi trng hp ny
Kt lun: >
11
2
m
BI TP T GII:
Bi 1. Chng minh rng cc hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh
(hoc tp xc nh) ca n:
a) = + +
3
5 13 y x x b) = + +
3
2
3 9 1
3
x
y x x c)

=
+
2 1
2
x
y
x
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 16
d)
+
=
+
2
2 3
1
x x
y
x
e) = + 3 sin(3 1) y x x f)

=

2
2 1 x mx
y
x m
Bi 2. Chng minh rng cc hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh
(hoc tp xc nh) ca n:
a) = + 5 cot( 1) y x x b) = cos y x x c) = sin cos 2 2 y x x x
Bi 3. Tm m cc hm s sau lun ng bin trn tp xc nh (hoc tng khong
xc nh) ca n:
a) = + +
3 2
3 ( 2) y x mx m x m b) = +
3 2
2 1
3 2
x mx
y x c)
+
=

x m
y
x m
d)
+
=
+
4 mx
y
x m
e)

=

2
2 1 x mx
y
x m
f)
+
=

2 2
2 3
2
x mx m
y
x m
Bi 4. Tm gi tr ca tham s m hm s = +
3 2
( ) -3x 1 f x x mx ng
bin trn R.
Bi 5. Vi gi tr no ca m th hm s ng bin trn mi khong xc nh ca n
( )
+ + +
= + + =

2
2 2 3 1
) 2 )
1 1
x m x m
m
a y x b y
x x
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
s +
> = =
+
)
* 0 : ham ong bien tren moi khoang ;1 va 1;
* 0 : ' 0 1 . Lap bang bien thien ta thay, ham so nghch
bien tren moi khoang 1 ;1 1;1 do o khong thoa man yeu cau
Vay
a
m
m y x m
m va m
s ham so ong bien tren moi khoang xac nh khi va ch khi m 0
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 17
( )
( ) ( )

= +

s < = +
> < <
2
1 2
2 1
) ' 1
1
1
* ' 0, 1, Ham so nghch bien tren moi khoang ;1 va 1;
2
1
* : phng trnh y'=0 co hai nghiem x 1
2
m
b y
x
m y x
m x
Bi ton ny c m rng nh sau:
( )
( )

+
1
2
3
4
) tm gia tr m e ham so ong bie n tren ; 1
)tm gia tr m e ham so ong bien tren 2;
)tm gia tr m e ham so nghch bie n tren khoang co o dai bang 2
)tm gia tr
a
a
a
a
( ) ( )
( )
=
= + < +
< >
2
5 1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
m e ham so nghch bien tren moi khoang 0;1 1;2
)goi x , la hai nghiem cua phng trnh 1 0. Tm m e
2 ; 3 5
3 ; 5 12
va
a x x m
x x x x m
x x x x m
Bi 6. Vi gi tr no ca m, hm s:
( )
= + +
3 2
3 2 3 y mx x m x nghch
bin trn R.
Bi 7. Tmiu kin ca tham s a hm s
= + sin - cos
2 2
x x
y ax ng
bin trn R
Hng dn:
Hm s cho xc nh trn
Ta c:
t | | | |
= + = + +
| |
\ . \ .
1 2
' os sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 4
x x x
y c a
Hm s ng bin trn khi v ch khi
t | |
> e + > e
|
\ .

2
' 0, sin ,
2 2 2
x
y x a x > >
2 2
2 2
a a
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 18
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Tm gi tr ca m hm s
( )
( ) ( )
+
=
+
= + + + +
3 2
4
1) luon nghch bien tren khoang ;1
2) 3 1 4 nghch bien tren khoang 1;1
mx
y
x m
y x x m x m
Hng dn:
1. Sai lm thng gp:
( )
( )
( )

< e = < e
+
< < <
2
2
2
4
'( ) 0, ;1 ' 0, ;1
4 0 2 2
m
ycbt f x x y x
x m
m m
Nguyn nhn sai lm:
Khi gii v bin lun bt phng trnh c mu thc cha tham s
( )
+
2
x m phi t
iu kin = x m,
( )
e ;1 x
Li gii ng
( )
( )
( )
( )

=
+

< e <
< <

< s

e > e

2
2
2
Ham so a cho xac nh tren \{-m}
4
y'= , .
' 0, ;1
4 0
2 2
2 1
;1 1 ;1
m
x m
x m
y x
m
m
ycbt m
m m m
BTTT: Tm m hm s
+
=

3 5
( )
2
x
f x
x m
ng bin trn
( )
+ 2;
2. Cch 1:
Hm s xc nh trn
Ta c: = + + +
2
' 3 6 1 y x x m
DNG 3: HM SN IU TRN TP CON CA

Phng php:
Hm s = e > e > e ( , ) tang x I y' 0, x I miny' 0, x I y f x m
Hm s = e s e s e ( , ) giam x I y' 0, x I max y' 0, x I y f x m
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 19
Hm s nghch bin trn (-1;1)
( )
s e ' 0, 1;1 y x , du = xy ra ti hu hn
im
Ta c :
( )
A = + =
'
9 3 1 6 3
y
m m
- TH 1: Nu A s >
'
' 0 2
y
m th > e ' 0, y x hm ng bin trn .
Trng hp ny loi v yu cu bi ton nghch bin trn (-1;1)
- TH 2: Nu A > <
'
' 0 2
y
m th y=0 c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x (gi s
l <
1 2
) x x .
x

1
x
2
x +
' y + 0 - 0 +
Da vo bng xt du y ta thy hm s nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1 2
1 1 (*) x x s < s
Hng 1:
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 . 1 0
1 1 0 1
* ( )
1 1 0 1 1 . 1 0
x x
x x x x
I
x x x x x x

+ + s
s s + s s +



s s s s s



p dng nh l Vi-et gii h (I) ta c 10 m s
Hng 2: Phng trnh y=0 c hai nghim l
( )
1
1 2
2
3 6 3
3
,
3 6 3
3
m
x
x x
m
x

<

+
=

( )
1
2
1
2
* 10
1 10
x
m
m
x m
s s

=

> s

Cch 2:
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 20
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
1;1
1
Ham so a cho xac nh tren
y'=3x 6 1
Hamso nghch bien tren 1;1 ' 0, 1;1
3 6 1 , 1;1
min ( ), vi ( ) 3 6 1
Ham so ( ) nghch bien tren 1;1 va lim (
x
x m
y x
m x x x
m g x g x x x
g x g x
+

+ + +
s e
s + + e
s = + +

1
) 2; lim ( ) 10.
Bang bien thien
x
g x

= =
m -10 s
@ Bi ton trn ta c th m rng nh sau: Tm m hm s
- ng bin trn [2; +)
- ng bin trn
( )
; 0
Bi 2. Tm m cc hm s sau:
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3 2
3 2
) 2 2 1 ong bien tren khoang 1;
) 3 2 ong bien tren khoang 3; 0
1
) 2 1 1 ong bien tren khoang 2;
3
a y x x mx
b y mx x x m
c y mx m x m x m
= + +
= + +
= + + + +
Hng dn:
a) Cch 1:
Hm s xc nh trn
Ta c: = +
2
' 6 4 y x x m
Hm s ng bin trn (1; +)
( )
> e + ' 0, 1; y x , du = xy ra ti hu hn
im
Ta c : A =
'
4 6
y
m
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 21
- TH 1: Nu A s >
'
2
' 0
3
y
m th > e ' 0, y x hm ng bin trn
hm ng bin trn
( )
+ 1; . Trng hp ny ta nhn
- TH 2: Nu A > <
'
2
' 0
3
y
m (*)th y=0 c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x
(gi s l <
1 2
) x x .
x

1
x
2
x +
' y + 0 - 0 +
Da vo bng xt du y ta thy hm s ng bin trn (1; +) th iu kin l
2
1 x s
+
s
2 4 6
1
6
m
> 2 m kt hp iu kin (*) th
2
2
3
m s <
Hp hai trng hp
2
3
m > v
2
2
3
m s < ta c kt qu cui cng l 2 m >
Cch 2:
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1
' 0, 1; ( ) 6 4 , 1
Ham so g(x) 6 4 lien tuc tren 1; . Ta co: g'(x)>0, 1
g(x) ong bien tren khoang 1; va lim ( ) 2, lim ( )
Bang bien thien.
x
x
ycbt y x g x x x m x
x x x
g x g x
+ +

> e + = > >


= + >
+ = = +
> > Da vao bang bien thien suy ra: 2 -m m -2
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 22
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
3 0
) ' 0, 3; 0 3 2 3 0, 3; 0
2 3
, 3; 0
3
2 3
Ham so g(x) lien tuc tren 3; 0 . Ta co: g'(x)<0, 3; 0
3
1
g(x) nghch bientren khoang 3; 0 va lim ( ) , lim ( )
9
Ba
x x
b ycbt y x mx x x
x
m x
x
x
x
x
g x g x
+

> e + > e

> e

= e
= =
ng bien thien.
>
1
Da vao bang bien thien suy ra: m -
9
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
) ' 0, 2; 4 1 1 0, 2;
4 1
4 1 4 1, 2; , 2;
4 1
4 1
Ham so g(x) lien tuc tren 2; . Ta co : g'(x)<0, 2;
4 1
g(x) nghch bien tren khoang 2; va
c ycbt y x mx m x m x
x
x x m x x m x
x x
x
x
x x
> e + + + > e +
+
+ + > + e + > e +
+ +
+
= + e +
+ +
+
2
9
lim ( ) , lim ( ) 0
13
Bang bien thien.
x
x
g x g x
+ +

= =
>
9
Da vao bang bien thien suy ra: m
13
Cch 2:
Cch 2: Phng php tam thc bc hai
Ta c:
( )
2
' 4 1 1 y mx m x m = + +
+ TH1: m=0: Hm nghch bin trn R nn loi
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 23
+TH2: 0 m = ,
2
' 3 7 4 m m A = +
ta d dng lp lun suy ra c m khng th < 0. Do m > 0
* Nu
4
' 0 1
3
m A s s s (*)th hm
ng bin trn R nn ng bin trn
( )
2; +
* Nu 0 A >
1
4
3
m
m
<


>

(I) th y'=0 c hai nghim phn bit


1 2
; x x gi s
1 2
x x <
Da vo bng bin thin ta thy hm ng bin trn
( )
2; + th iu kin l
( )
2
2
2 1 3 7 4
9
2 2
13
m m m
x m
m
+ +
s s > kt hp iu kin (I) th trng
hp ny hm
ng bin trn
( )
2; +
9 4
;1 ;
13 3
m
| | |
e +
| |
. \ .
(**)
Kt hp (*) v (**) ta c
9
m
13
>
Cch 3:
Cc trng hp khc tng t trn. By gi ta xt trng hp 0 A >
Xt phng trnh: ' 0 y = c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
x x < , khi hm s ng
bin trn khong (2; ) + th iu kin l
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 0 x x x x < s < s
t: 2 x t = + , dn ti ta c ph
ng trnh sau:
( )
2
4 2 1 13 9 0 mt m t m + + = , vi
iu kin
1 2
0 t t < s
0
0
0
S
P
A >

<

>

. Gii 3 iu kin trn v kt hp vi kt qu


4
1
3
m s s ta c c kt qu cui cng:
9
13
m >
Bi 3. Tm m hm s
( ) ( )
= + + + +
3 2
( ) 3 2 1 12 5 2 f x x m x m x ng bin trn
khong
( )
( +

; 1 2;
Sai lm th
ng gp:
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 24
)
(
( ) )
( ) (
( ) )
( ) (
)
2
2
2
2
2
'( ) 0, 2; 3 6 2 1 12 5 0, 2;
'( ) 0, ; 1 3 6 2 1 12 5 0, ; 1
3 6 5 12 1 , 2;
3 6 5 12 1 , ; 1
3 6 5
( ) 12 , 2;
1
( )
f x x x m x m x
ycbt
f x x x m x m x
x x m x x
x x m x x
x x
g x m x
x
g x
> e + + + + > e +



( ( > e + + + > e


+ > e +


( + > e


+
= > e +

(
2
1
2
2
2
3 6 5
12 , ; 1
1
6
1 1
min ( ) 12
3
. o:g'(x)=0
max ( ) 12
6
1 2
3
x
x
x x
m x
x
x
g x m
Ta c
g x m
x
>
>

( = s e

= >
>

= + <

Do : g(x)>0 trn khong


( )
( +

; 1 2;
Khi :
>
>
>

2
2
min ( ) 12
max ( ) 12
x
x
g x m
g x m
= >
s s

= s

(2) 5 12 7 5
12 12 ( 1) 7 12
g m
m
g m
Nguyn nhn sai lm:
Cch gii trn ch ph hp vi f(x) ng bin trn
(
(

; 1 v
)
+

2; . Cn vi
yu cu f(x) ng bin trn
( )
( +

; 1 2; th cn kim tra thm iu kin
f(-1)<f(2)
Li gii ng:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 25
)
(
( ) )
( ) (
( ) )
( ) (
2
2
2
2
'( ) 0, 2; 3 6 2 1 12 5 0, 2;
'( ) 0, ; 1 3 6 2 1 12 5 0, ; 1
( 1) (2) 18 15
3 6 5 12 1 , 2;
3 6 5 12 1 , ; 1
15
18
(
f x x x m x m x
ycbt f x x x m x m x
f f m
x x m x x
x x m x x
m
g
> e + + + + > e +



( ( > e + + + > e



< <

+ > e +

( + > e

>

)
(
2
2
2
1
2
2
3 6 5
) 12 , 2;
1
3 6 5
( ) 12 , ; 1
1
5
6
6 min ( ) 12
1 1
3
max ( ) 12 . o:g'(x)=0
6
1 2
5
3
6
x
x
x x
x m x
x
x x
g x m x
x
m
g x m
x
g x m Ta c
x
m
>
>
+
= > e +

+
( = s e


>

>
= >

= + <

>

Khi :
>
>

>

>

2
2
min ( ) 12
max ( ) 12
5
6
x
x
g x m
g x m
m

= >

= s s s


>

(2) 5 12
7 5
( 1) 7 12
12 12
5
6
g m
g m m
m
Bi 4. Tm tt c cc tham s m
= + + +
3 2
3 y x x mx m nghich bin trn on c
di bng 1.
Phng php:
hm s
= + + +
3 2
y ax bx cx d c di khong ng bin (nghch bin) (x
1
; x
2
)
bng d th ta thc hin cc bc sau:
- Tnh y'.
- Tm iu kin hm s c
khong ng bin v nghch bin:
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 26
=

A >

0
0
a
(1)
- Bin i =
1 2
x x d thnh + =
2 2
1 2 1 2
( ) 4 x x x x d (2)
- S dng nh l Viet a (2) thnh phng trnh theo m.
- Gii ph
ng trnh,
so vi
iu kin (1) chn nghim.
Hng dn:
( )
2
1 2 1 2
' 3 6 co ' 9 3
Neu 3 th y' 0, x . Khi o ham so luo n ong bien tren . Do o
m 3 khong thoa yeu cau bai toan
Neu m<3, do o y'=0 co hai nghiem x , va ham so
y x x m m
m
x x x
= + + A =
> > e
>
<

( )
1 2 2 1
2
2 1
nghch bien tren
oan ; vi o dai .
9
Ham so nghich bien tren oan co o dai l=1 1
4
x x l x x
x x m
( =

= =
= >
2 1
Co hay khong yeu cau bai toan tho a 1? l x x
Bi 4. Tm m sao cho:
)
+
= +

+
2
6 2
nghch bien tren 1;
2
mx x
y
x
Hng dn:
Ta c:
( ) ( )
) )
)
+ +
= = = + +
+ +
+ > e +

= + + > e +

2
2
2 2
2
4 14 ( )
' , vi ( ) 4 14
2 2
Ham nghch bien tren 1; ' 0, 1;
( ) 4 14 0, 1; (*)
mx mx g x
y g x mx mx
x x
y x
g x mx mx x
Cch 1: Dng tam th
c bc hai
- Nu m=0 th (*) khng tha mn
- Nu = 0 m th g(x) c A =
2
4 14 m m
Bng xt du A'
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 27
Nu < <
7
0
2
m th g(x)>0 vi mi e x . Trng hp ny loi
Nu < >
7
0 hoac
2
m m . Khi g(x)=0 c hai nghim
( )
<
1 2 1 2
, x x x x
x

1
x
2
x +
( ) g x - 0 + 0 -
Vi
+
= =
2 2
1 2
2 4 14 2 4 14
;
m m m m m m
x x
m m
Ta c : g(x)
( )
( )

e +
s
e

2
1
;
0
;
x x
x x
.
V vy,
)
s e + s > s

2
2
14
( ) 0, 1; 1 3 4 14
5
g x x x m m m m
Cch 2:
)
)
+

s = e + s

+
2
1;
14
(*) ( ), 1; min ( )
4
m h x x m g x
x x
BI TP T GII:
Bi 1. Tmi
u kin ca tham s m sao cho
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
= + + +
+ +
= +

3 2 2
2
) 2 7 7 2 1 2 3 ong bien tren khoang 2;
1 1
) ong bien tren khoang 1;
2
a y x mx m m x m m
mx m x
b y
x m
p s:
s s s s
5
) 1 ; )0 1
2
a m b m
Bi 2. Tmiu kin ca tham s m sao cho:
( ) ( ) ( ) )
= + + + +

3 2 2
1 2 3 2 2 1 ong bien tren 2; y x m x m m x m m
p s: s s
2
2
3
m
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 28
Bi 3. Tm iu kin ca tham s m sao cho:
( ) ( ) ( )
= + +
3 2
1
1 3 2 1 ong bien tren 2;
3
y mx m x m x
p s:
s s s s s s s >
5 3 14 2
1) ) 1 ; )0 1; 2) 2 ; 3) ; 4)
2 2 5 3
a m b m m m m
Bi 4 Tm m hm s:
a) = + + + +
3
2
( 1) ( 1) 1
3
x
y m x m x ng bin trn khong (1; +).
b) = + + + +
3 2
3(2 1) (12 5) 2 y x m x m x ng bin trn khong (2; +).
c)
+
= =
+
4
( 2)
mx
y m
x m
ng bin trn khong (1; +).
d)
+
=

x m
y
x m
ng bin trong khong (1; +).
e)
+
=

2 2
2 3
2
x mx m
y
x m
ng bin trn khong (1; +).
f)
+
=
+
2
2 3
2 1
x x m
y
x
nghch bin trn khong
| |
+
|
\ .
1
;
2
.
Bi 5. Xc nh m hm s = + +
3 2
3 2 4 y x x mx ng bin trn khong
( )
+ 1;
Bi 6. Cho hm s
( )
= + + +
3 2
4 3 y x m x mx . Tm m
a) Hm s tng trn R
b) Hm s tng trn khong + [2; )
c) Nghch bin trn khong
(

1

1 1
;
2 2
d) Hm s nghch bin trn on c di bng 1
Bi 7: Cho hm s

=

1 x
y
x m
. Tm m hm s:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 29
a) Hm s nghch bin trn mi khong xc nh ca n
b) Tng trn khong + (0; )
Bi 8. Cho hm s
+
=

2 2
1
x x m
y
x
. Vi gi tr no ca m:
a) Hm s ng bin trn mi khong xc nh ca n
b) Hm s nghch bin trn cc khong (0;1) v (2;4)
Bi 9. Tm tham s m sao cho
( )
= + +
3 2
4 6 2 1 1 y mx x m x tng trn
khong (0;2)
Bi 10. Cho hm s = +
4 2 2
2 y x mx m . Vi gi tr no ca m:
a) Hm s nghch bin trn
( )
+ 1;
b) Hm s nghch bin trn (-1;0) v (2;3)
Bi 11. Tm m hm s:
a) = + + +
3 2
3 y x x mx m nghch bin trn mt khong c di bng 1.
b) = + +
3 2
1 1
2 3 1
3 2
y x mx mx m nghch bin trn mt khong c di bng
3.
c) = + + +
3 2
1
( 1) ( 3) 4
3
y x m x m x ng bin trn mt khong c di
bng 4
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 30
BI TP MU:
Bi tp 1: Chng minh rng
t | |
+ > e
|
\ .
sin tan 2 , 0;
2
x x x x
Hng dn:
t
t
t t t
|
= +
|
.
| |
= + > + e
|
\ .
| | | | |
< e
| | |
. \ . \ .
2
2 2
Xet ham so sin tan - 2 lien tuc tren na khoang 0;
2
1 1
' cos 2 cos 2, 0;
2 cos cos
suy ra ham so ong bien tren 0; va (0) , 0;
2 2 2
y x x x
y x x x
x x
f f x pcm
Bi tp 2: Chng minh rng
t t
t t
( | |
s e > e
| 1
\ .
| | | | | |
< + e > e
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
3
3
2 4
)sin , 0; ; )sin , 0;
2 3! 2
sin
)cos 1 , 0; ; ) cos , 0;
2 24 2 2
x
a x x x b x x x
x x x
c x x d x x
x
Hng dn:
t (
=
1

) Xet ham so sin - , ham nghch bien tren 0;
2
a y x x
DNG 4: NG DNG TNH N IU CHNG MINH BT NG
THC
Phng php:
chng minh bt ng thc ta thc hin cc bc sau:
- Chuyn bt ng thc v dng f(x) > 0 (hoc <, >, s ). Xt hm s y = f(x)
trn tp xc nh do bi ch nh.
- Xt du f' (x). Suy ra hm s ng bin hay nghch bin.
- Da vo nh ngha s ng bin, nghch bin kt lun.
Ch :
1) Trong trng hp ta cha xt c du ca f ' (x) th ta t h(x) = f' (x) v
quay li tip tc xt du h' (x) cho n khi no xt du
c th thi.
2) Nu bt ng thc c hai bin th ta a bt ng thc v dng:
f(a) < f(b).
Xt tnh n iu ca hm s f(x) trong khong (a; b).
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 31
t t
t
( (
= s e
1 1

(
s = < e
1

'( ) cos 1 0, 0; ( ) la ham nghch bien tre n 0;
2 2
( ) (0) 0 sin , 0;
2
f x x x f x
f x f x x x
t
t
|
= +
|
.
|
+ = + > e
|
.
3
2
)Xet ham so sin - lien tuc tren n a khoang 0;
6 2
Ta co: y'=cos -1 '' sin 0, 0; (theo cau a)
2 2
x
b y x x
x
x y x x x
Do : ' y ng bin trn
t t | | | |
< e >
| |
\ . \ .
0; '(0) '( ), 0; '( ) 0
2 2
f f x x f x
Suy ra : Hm y ng bin trn
t |
|
.
0;
2
t |
> e
|
.
( ) (0), 0;
2
f x f x pcm
t
t t
|
= +
|
.
| |
= + s e s = e
| |
. .
2 4
3
) Xet ham so: f(x) cos -1 - lien tuc tren na khoang 0;
2 24 2
'( ) sin 0, 0; (theo cau b) ( ) (0) 0, 0;
6 2 2
Tacpcm
x x
c x
x
f x x x x f x f x
t
t
| |
> e
|
\ .
| | | |
> > = +
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
> + +
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
e > > +
| |
\ . \ .
3
3 3
2 2 2 4 6
3
2 4 4 2
3
2 2 4
) theo ket qua cau b), ta co: sin - , 0;
6 2
sin sin
1 1 1
6 6 2 12 216
sin
1 1
2 24 24 9
sin
V x 0; 1 0 1
2 9 2 2
x
d x x x
x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x
x x x x
x
t
t
| |
+ > e
|
\ .
| | | |
> e
| |
\ . \ .
2 4
3
4
Mat khac theo cau c) 1 cos , x 0;
2 24 2
sin
Suyra: cos , x 0; ( )
2
x x
x
x
x pcm
x
Nhn xt:
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 32
o
o
t
o
t
o
| | | | | |
< e > s
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | |
s > e
| |
\ . \ .
3
sin sin sin
Ta co: 0<sinx<x 0< 1, 0; nen , 3
2
sin
Do o ta co ket qua sau: Vi 3, ta luon co cos , 0;
2
x x x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
Bi tp 3. Chng minh rng:
t
t
| |
< + e
|
\ .
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 , 0;
2 sin
x
x x
Hng dn:
( )
t
t
| (

1
\
+
| | | |
> e
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
3 3
3 3
3
3
1 1
Xet ham so y= lien tuc tren na khoang 0;
2 sin
2 cos sin
Ta co: f'(x)= . Theo ket qua cau d, bai tap 2 ta a chng minh
sin
sin
c cos , 0; co
2
x x
x x x
x x
x
x x x
x
t
t t
| |
+ > e
|
\ .
| | | |
> e <
| |
\ . \ .
3
s sin 0, 0;
2
'( ) 0, 0; ( )
2 2
x x x
f x x f x f pcm
Bi tp 4.
t
+
s < + >
3
1
2.sin tan
2
Vi 0 . Chng minh rang: 2 2 2
2
x
x x
x
Hng dn:
t
t
+
+
+ > =
|
> + > e
|
.
|
+
|
.
=
1
sin tan
2.sin tan 2.sin tan
2
1 3
sin tan
2 2
Ta co: 2 2 2 2 .2 2.2
1 3
Ta chng minh: 2 2 sin tan , 0;
2 2 2
1 3
Xet ham so: y=f(x)=sin tan lien tuc tren na khoang 0;
2 2 2
co
'( )
x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x
f x
( ) ( ) t t
+
| |
> e
| |
. .
2
2
s 1 2cos 1
0, 0; ( ) ong bien tren 0;
2 2 2cos
x x
x f x pcm
x
Bi tp 5.
+ + < Chng minh ang thc sau vi moi so t nhien n >1: 1 1 2
n n
n n
n n
n n
Hng dn
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Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 33
( )
( )
) ( )
( ) ( )
= e e
+ + < e
+ + e < e

< = e

*
0;1 ,
Bat ang thc can chng minh tng ng vi: 1 1 2, 0;1
Xet ham f(x)= 1 1 , 0;1 '( ) 0, 0;1
ham giam tren 0;1 ( ) (0) 2, 0;1
n
n n
n n
n
at x n
n
x x x
x x x f x x
f x f x
Bi tp 6. > > > + + > + + Cho 0. Chng minh rang
x z y x y z
x y z
z y x y z x
Hng dn
( )
| |
+ + + +
|
\ .
| | | | | |
= > >
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
> >
2 2 2 2
Xet ham so ( )=
1 1 1 1
Ta co: f'(x)= 0, 0
( ) la ham ong bien x 0 f(x) f(y)=0
x z y x y z
f x
z y x y z x
y z
y z x
x y x x y x
f x pcm
Bi tp 7. + + >
+ + +
3
Cho a,b,c>0. Chng minh rang:
2
a b c
a b b c c a
Hng dn:
= = = = + + >
+ + +
s > + > =
+ +
+ +
+ + > + = + = = s
+ + + + + +
+
s
2
1 1 1 3
at , , 1 va bat ang thc a cho
1 1 1 2
1 1 2 2
Gia s z 1 xy 1 nen ta co:
1 1
1 1
1 1 1 2 1 2 1
( ), vi 1.
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
Ta co: '( ) 0 (
a b c
x y z xyz
b c a x y z
z
x y
xy z
z t
f t t z
x y z z t t
z
f t f t > = s
3
) (1) , 1
2
f t pcm
BI TP T GII:
Bi 1. Cho hm s = + ( ) 2sin tan 3 f x x x x
t
t
|
|
.
| |
+ > e
|
\ .
) Chng minh ham so ong bien tren na khoang 0;
2
)Chng minh rang: 2sin tan 3 , 0;
2
a
b x x x x
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Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 34
Bi 2.
t
t
| |
> e
|
\ .
| |
> + e
|
\ .
3
) Chng minh rang: tan , 0;
2
)Chng minh rang: tan , 0;
3 2
a x x x
x
b x x x
Bi 3.
t
t
| |
e
|
\ .
4
Cho ham so f(x)= tan , 0;
2
x x x
t
t
t
(
1

(
> e
1

) Xet chieu bien thien tren oan 0;
4
4
) T o suy ra rang: tan , 0;
4
a
b x x x
Bi 4. Chng minh cc bt
ng thc sau
t
< >
> =
> <
| |
+ > e
|
\ .
2
3 3
)sin vi moi x>0, sin vi moi x<0
b)cos 1- , 0
2
)sin vi moi x>0, sin vi moi x<0
6 6
)sin tan 2 , 0;
2
a x x x x
x
x x
x x
c x x x x
d x x x x
Bi 5. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau
> + > + + >
2
) 1 , ) 1 , 0
2
x x
x
a e x x b e x x
Bi 6. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
+ > > + < >
+ > > + + + > +
+
2
2 2
1
)ln 1 ; 0 )ln 1 , 0
2
1
)ln 1 ln , 0 )1 ln 1 1
1
a x x x x b x x x
c x x x d x x x
x
Bi 7. Tm s thc a nh nht
bt ng thc sau ng
( )
> + >
2
0 : ln 1 ax x x x
Bi 8. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca a : > + > 1 , 0
x
a x x
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 35
Bi 9.
| | | |
> > + s +
| |
\ . \ .
1 1
Cho 0. Chng minh rang: 2 2
2 2
b a
a b
a b
a b
Bi 10.
( ) ( )
+ < + > > Chng minh rang: 2 3 2 3 , 0
y x
x x y y
x y
Bi 11.
+
| | | | +
> = >
| |
+
\ . \ .
Cho , , 0, .Chng minh rang:
x b b
x a a
x a b a b
x b b
Bi 12. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:
a)
t
+ > < <
2 1
sin tan , 0
3 3 2
x x x vi x b)
t
< < < <
tan
, 0
tan 2
a a
vi a b
b b
c)
t
< < < < sin sin , 0
2
a a b b vi a b
d)
t
< < < < tan tan , 0
2
a a b b vi a b
e)
t
t
> < <
2
sin , 0
2
x
x vi x
f) < < + >
3 3 5
sin , 0
6 6 120
x x x
x x x vi x
g)
t
+ > < < sin cos 1, 0
2
x x x vi x
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Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 36
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Chng minh rng phng trnh =
2
2 2 11 x x c nghim duy nht
Hng dn:
)
)
+
= +

> e + = +

2
Xet ham so : 2 2, ham nay lien tuc tren 2;
' 0, 2; , lim
x
y x x
y x y
=
=
2
2
Da vao bang bien thien ta thay o th ham so 2 2 luon cat ng tha ng
y=11 duy nhat tai mot iem.Do o phng trnh 2 2 11 co duy nhat nghiem
y x x
x x
BTTT: Da vo tnh n iu ca hm s gii phng trnh
+ = +
3 2
3 4 7 x x x x
Hng dn:
)
= +

0; D
DNG 5: DNG TNH
N IU HM S GII PHNG TRNH
, H PHNG TRNH V BIN LUN PH NG TRNH:
Phng php:
- Ch 1: Nu hm s = ( ) y f x lun n iu nghim ngoc trn D (hoc
lun ng bin, hoc lun nghch bin trn D) th s nghim ca phng
trnh = ( ) f x m khng qu 1 nghim v = ( ) ( ) f x f y khi v ch khi = x y
- Ch 2:
Nu hm s = ( ) y f x lun n iu nghim ngoc trn D (hoc lun ng
bin, hoc lun nghch bin trn D) v hm s = ( ) y g x lun n iu nghim
ngoc trn D (hoc lun ng bin, hoc lun nghch bin trn D) th s nghim
ca phng trnh = ( ) ( ) f x g x khng qu 1 nghim trn D
T : chng minh phng trnh f(x) = g(x) (*) c nghim duy nht, ta
thc hin cc bc sau:
- Chn c nghi m x
0
ca phng trnh.
- Xt cc hm s y = f(x) (C
1
) v y = g(x) (C
2
). Ta cn chng minh mt
hm s ng bin v mt hm s nghch bin. Khi (C
1
) v (C
2
) giao nhau ti
mt im duy nht c honh x
0
. chnh l nghim duy nht ca phng
trnh (*).
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 37
Bi 2. Gii bt phng trnh: + + > 5 1 3 4 x x
Hng dn:
> = + +
| | |
+ > e + +
| | |
. . .
>
1
ieu kien: . Xet ham so: ( ) 5 1 3, ham nay lien tuc tren
5
1 1 1
; ; '( ) 0, ; f(x) ong bien tren ; va f(1)=4
5 5 5
Khi o bat phng trnh a cho ( ) (1)
x f x x x
f x x
f x f >1..... x
BTTT: Gii bt phng trnh: + + + < 5 2 3 9 x x
Bi 3. Gii cc phng trnh:
( )
( )
( )
+ + + + + + + =
+ = +
2 2
3 3 2 2
)3 2 9 3 4 2 1 1 0
) 4 5 6 7 9 4
a x x x x x
b x x x x x
H
ng dn:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
| | | |
+ + = + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
= = + >
+ + = +
= + + + +
=
2 2
2 2
2
)Ta co:
pt (-3 ) 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 3
3 , 2 1; , 0
2 3 3 (*)
Xet ham so : ( ) 2 3 lien tuc tren 0; , ( ) ong bien tren 0;
Khi o, phng trnh (*) ( )
a
x x x x
at u x v x u v
pt u u v v
f t t t f t
f u = =
1
( )
5
f v u v x
( )

+ =

= +

+ =

+ =

+ =



+ = + + + + = + + +

= + = +
3 2
3 2
2 3
3 2
3 2
3
3 3 2 3
3
4 5 6
)at 7 9 4. Khi o phng trinh a cho
7 9 4
4 5 6
4 5 6
( )
3 4 2 1 1 (2)
(2) co dang: ( ) ( 1) (3). Xet ham ( ) ,
x x x y
b y x x
x x y
x x x y
x x x y
I
y y x x x y y x x
f y f x f t t t e ham nay ong bien tren t
= +
+ = +
= = =

= +

3 2
Do o: 1. Luc o he (I) tr thanh:
4 5 6 1 5 1 5
5, ,
2 2 1
y x
x x x y
x x x
y x
Bi 4. Gii h phng trnh:
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Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 38

+ + =

+ + =

2 3 4 4 (1)
2 3 4 4 (2)
x y
y x
Hng dn:
Cch 1:

s s

s s

+ = +
(
= + +
1

| |
> e = =
|
\ .
3
4
2
ieukien:
3
4
2
Tr (1) cho (2) ta c: 2 3 4 2 3 4 (3)
3
Xet ham so ( ) 2 3 2 3, ham lien tuc tren oan ; 4
4
3
'( ) 0, ; 4 . Do o: (3) ( ) ( )
4
Thay
x
y
x x y y
f t t t
f t t f x f y x y
( )
+ + =
=
>

+ =


+ = =

2
x=y vao (1) ta c 2 3 4 4
3
9 0
2 2 3 4 9 ...
11
9 38 33 0
9
x y
x
x
x y x
x x x
Cch 2:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ + + =
+ +
+ =
+ + + +
| |
+ = |
|
+ + + +
\ .
+ >
+ + + +
= =
Tr (1) cho (2) ta c: 2 3 2 3 4 4 0
2 3 2 3 4 4
0
2 3 2 3 4 4
2 1
0 (*)
2 3 2 3 4 4
2 1
V 0 nen (*) x=y
2 3 2 3 4 4
Do o: (3) ( ) ( )
Bccon lai giong
x y y x
x y y x
x y y x
x y
x y y x
x y y x
f x f y x y
tren
@ Bi ton trn ta c th m rng nh sau: Tm m h phng trnh

+ + =

+ + =

2 3 4 (1)
2 3 4 (2)
x y m
y x m
a) C nghim
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 39
b) V nghim
Bi 5. Gii h phng trnh sau:
+ =

+ =

3
3
2 (1)
2 (2)
x x y
y y x
Hng dn:
Cch 1:
= + > e
=

> > >


> < <
=

3
Xet ham so ( ) 3 '( ) 0,
( ) (1)
He phng trnh tr thanh:
( ) (2)
Neu ( ) ( ) ( do (1) va(2) dan en mau thuan)
Neu ( ) ( ) ( mau thuan)
Do o: , th
f t t t f t t
f x y
f y x
x y f x f y y x
x y f x f y y x
x y + =
3
e vao he ta c: 0... x x
Cch 2:
( )( )
( )
+ = + + + =
(
| |
1 + + + = =
|
1 \ .

3 3 2 2
2
2
Tr (1) cho (2) ta c: 3 3 0 3 0
3
3 0 ....
2 4
x y x y x y x y xy
y y
x y x x y
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Gii phng trnh:
( )
= + + +
3
3 1 log 1 2
x
x x
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
>
+ = + + + + = + + +
= + + > e +
+ = +

3 3 3
3
1
ieukien: -
2
3 1 2 log 1 2 3 log 3 1 2 log 1 2
Xet ham so ( ) log , lien tuc tren 0; , '( ) 0, 0;
( ) la ham ong bien tren 0; nen phng trnh(*) (3 ) (1 2 )
3
x x x
x
x
x
pt x x x x x
f t t t f t t
f t f f x
= + =
= = >
2
2 1 3 2 1 0(**)
Xet ham so: f(x)= 3 2 1 '( ) 3 ln3 2 ''( ) 3 ln 3 0
x
x x x
x x
x f x f x
= ( ) 0 co nhieu nhat hai nghiem, va f(0)=f(1)=0 nen phng trnh a cho
co hai nghiem x=0,x=1
f x
Bi 2. Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )
(
+ = +

3 3
3 log 5 log 3 2 x x x x
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Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 40
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
>
+
+ =

= + +
> e + +
+
=

3 3
3 3
ieukien : 5
2
log 5 log 3
3
Xet ham so ( ) log 5 log 3 lien tuc tre n khoang 5;
va '( ) 0, 5; ( ) ong bien tren 5;
2
Xet ham so g( ) lien tuc tren khoang
3
x
x
pt x x
x
f x x x
f x x f x
x
x
x
( ) ( )
+ +
= = =
5; , ( ) nghch bientren 5;
Mat khac: (8) (8) 2. do o phng trnh co nghiem duy nhat 8
g x
f g x
Bi 3. Gii h phng trnh sau:
=

+ =

3 3
6 6
3 3 (1)
1 (2)
x x y y
x y
Hng dn:
s s =
( =

( ( s e

=
3
T (2) suy ra: 1 , 1.T (1) ( ) ( ) (*)
ham so ( ) 3 , lien tuc tren 1;1 ta co:
'( ) 0, 1;1 ( ) nghch bien tren oan 1;1
Do o (*) thay vao (2) ta c
x y f x f y
Xet f t t t
f t t f t
x y = =
6
1
nghiem cua he la
2
x y
Bi 4. Gii h phng trnh sau:
> <


< <


> >

0 0
y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet
hoac
. 0 . 0
0 0
CD CT CD CT
CT CT
a a
y y y y
x x
( )
= =
=
| |

+ =
|

+ =
\ .

= =

= =

ieukien : 0, 0. Ta co
0
1
(1) 1 0 ......
1
1 0
1 1
Phng trnh co 2 nghiem phan biet ;
1 1
x y
x y
x y
xy
xy
x x
y y
Bnh lun:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 41
= = e > e
= =
= =

Cach giai sau ay sai:
1
ieukien : 0, 0. Xet ham so f(t)=t- , \ {0} '( ) 0, \ {0}
Doo:(1) ( ) ( ) !
Sai do ham so f(t) n ieu tren hai khoang ri nhau( v du (-1) (1) 0)
x y t f t t
t
f x f y x y
f f
Cc em th bi ny xem sao? Gii h phng trnh sau:

=

= +

3
1 1
(1)
2 1 (2)
x y
x y
y x
Bi 5. Gii h phng trnh sau:
( ) ( )

+ + =

+ =

2 2
ln 1 ln 1 (1)
2 5 0 (2)
x y x y
x xy y
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )

+ + =

+ =

> >
+ = +
= + +

= e + = =
+
> e
2 2
ln 1 ln 1 (1)
2 5 0 (2)
ieukien: 1, 1
(1) ln 1 ln 1 (3)
Xet ham so: ( ) ln 1 , lien tuc tren 1; .
Ta co: '( ) , 1; va '( ) 0 0
1
'( ) 0, 1; 0 ( ) lie
x y x y
x xy y
x y
x x y y
f t t t
t
f t t f t t
t
f t t f t
( )
( ) ( )

< e + +


n tuc va ong bien tren 1; 0
'( ) 0, 0; ( ) lien tuc va ong bien tren 0;
Khi o: phng trnh (3) f(x)=f(y) x=y
Vi x=y thay vao phng trnh (2) x=0 y=0
f t t f t
Bi 6. Gii h phng trnh sau:
=

+ =

sin sin
sin sin 2
x y x y
x y
Hng dn:
Xt hm s = e ( ) sin , f t t t t
= > e '( ) 1 cos 0, f t t t . Suy ra hm s ng bin trn .
Do : = = (1) ( ) ( ) f x f y x y . Vy h cho tr thnh:
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 42
=
=


= =


...
2
sinx+sin 2 sinx
2
x y
x y
y
BI TP T GII:
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) + = 5 5 x x b) + + =
5 3
1 3 4 0 x x x
c) + + + + + = 5 7 16 14 x x x x d) + = + +
2 2
15 3 2 8 x x x
Hng dn cu c)
)
= +

5; D . Xt hm s: = + + + + + ( ) 5 7 16 f x x x x x .
Hm s ng bin trn
( )
+ 5; (1)
V = (9) 0 (2) f . T (1) v (2) phng trnh c nghim duy nht l = 9 x
Bi 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) + + + + + =
5 5 5
1 2 3 0 x x x b) = ln( 4) 5 x x
c) + = 3 4 5
x x x
d) + + = 2 3 5 38
x x x
Hng dn cu c)
Xt hm s
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
3 4
( ) 1
5 5
x x
f x , < e '( ) 0, f x x nn hm cho nghch
bin trn . Mt khc: = (2) 0 f . Phng trnh c duy nht nghim = 2 x
T y ta c th pht trin thnh bi ton sau:
Gii phng trnh:
+ + +
+ =
sinx osx sinx cos sinx cos
3.3 4.4 5.5
c x x
.
Li gii xin dnh cho cc em hc sinh
Bi 3. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a) + + + + <
3 5 4
1 5 7 7 5 13 7 8 x x x x b)
+ + + + + <
2
2 7 2 7 35 x x x x x
Bi 4. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 43
a)
+ = + +

+ = + +

+ = + +

3 2
3 2
3 2
2 1
2 1
2 1
x y y y
y z z z
z x x x
b)
= + +

= + +

= + +

3 2
3 2
3 2
2
2
2
x y y y
y z z z
z x x x
c)
= +

= +

= +

3 2
3 2
3 2
6 12 8
6 12 8
6 12 8
y x x
z y y
x z z
d)
t
t t
=

+ =

< <

tan tan
5
2 3
4
,
2 2
x y y x
x y
x y
e)
t
=

+ =

>

sin sin 3 3
5
, 0
x y x y
x y
x y
f) t
t
=

+ =

< <

sin2 2 sin2 2
2 3
0 ,
2
x y y x
x y
x y
g) t
t
=

+ =

< <

cot cot
5 7 2
0 ,
x y x y
x y
x y
HD: a, b) Xt hm s = + +
3 2
( ) f t t t t
c) Xt hm s = +
2
( ) 6 12 8 f t t t
d) Xt hm s f(t) = tant + t
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 44
PHNG PHAP:
= e
=

Cho ham so ( , ) 0, xac nh vi moi (*)


Bien oi (*) ve dang ( ) ( )
Xet ham so ( ) lien tuc tren K
Dung tnh n ieu ham so e ket luan
f x m x K
f x f m
f x
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. + + =
2
Tm tham so m e phng trnh 3 1 co nghiem thc x x m
Hng dn:
= + + =
| |
<
+ = = = |

|
+ =

\ .
> = >

2
2
2 2
Xet ham so ( ) 3 1 va
Ham so f(x) lien tuc tren .
0 6 6 6
f'(x)=0 3 1 3 ,
6 6 3 3 1 9
6 6
Da vao bang bien thien,suy ra: ( ) ma ( ) , do o m
3 3
th phn
f x x x y m
x
x x x f
x x
f x f x m
g trnh co nghiem thc
Bi 2. Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim: + + + =
2
5 1 5 6 x x x x m
Hng dn:
t = + = + +
2 2
5 1 4 2 5 6 t x x t x x
PT
( )

(
( + = e e


2
4
1;5 2;2 2
2
t
t m khi x t
Xt hm s
( )

( ( ' '
= + e = + = = e

2
4
( ) 2;2 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 0 1 2;2 2
2
t
f t t t f t t f t t
f(t) = m c nghim
( )
s s + 2 2 1 2 m .
BTTT: Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim:
DNG 6: DNGN IU HM S GII V BIN LUN
PHNG TRNH V BT PHNG TRNH CHA THAM S
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 45
+ + + + = +
2
3 6 18 3 2 1 x x x x m
@ Nhn xt: Qua cc bi trn ta thy
- Khi t n ph t, ta cn phi tmiu kin ca t tc l tm min gi tr ca t,
nu khng ch n iu kin ny s a n kt qu sai
- Qua cc bi trn ta thy ch cn cn c trn bng bin thin ca hm s-
kt lun v s nghim ca phng trnh dng f(x)=m m khng nht thit
phi v th hm s
Bi 3. Xc nh m bt phng trnh + + >
2
2 1 2 0 m x x c tp nghim l .
Hng dn:
Ta c:

+ + > e > e
+

2
2
2
2 1 2 0, ,
2 1
x
m x x x m x
x
Xt hm s :
( )
+

= e
+

= < e
+ +
= =
>


2
2 2
2
( ) ,
2 1
2
'( ) 0, nen ham nghch bien tren
2 1 2 1
lim ( ) 2 ; lim ( ) 2
Do o: 2
x x
x
g x x
x
g x x
x x
g x g x
m
Bi 4. Cho h phng trnh:
2 2
3
3
x xy y m
xy x y

+ + =

+ + =

a) Gii h ph
ng trnh khi m=5
b) nh cc gi tr m h c nghim
Hng dn:
a) t
2
, 4 0
S x y
S P
P xy
= +
>

H cho c vit li
( )
2
2 2
3 0
(*)
3 3
3
S P m S S m x y xy m
S P P S
xy x y


+ = + + = + + =


+ = =

+ + =

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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 46
Khi m= 5. H
( ) ( )
1 4 ( )
(*) ; 1;1
2 1
S P loai
x y
S P
= =
=

= =

b) h c nghim th h
2
3 0
(*)
3
S S m
P S

+ + =

c nghim tha
2
4 0 S P >
2
4 0 S P >
( )
2
4 12 0 ; 6 2; S S S ( + > e +

Xt hm
2
( ) 3 f S S S = + ,
( )
; 6 2; S ( e +

Hm ny nghch bin trn
(
;6(

v
( )
( ) 6 45 f S f > = ;
ng bin trn
)
2; +

v ( ) (2) 5. f S f > = Vy 5 m >


BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Tm gi tr m phng trnh sau y c nghim: + + = 1 x x m
H
ng dn:
Xt hm s = + +1 y x x hm s xc nh trn ( +

0;
Ta c:
( )
> e + '( ) 0, 0; f x x . Do hm tng trn ( +

0;
+
= = + (0) 1; lim ( )
x
f f x
Da vo bng bin thin th phng trnh c nghim khi v ch khi > 0 m
Bi 2. + =
4
2
Tm tham so m e phng trnh 1 (1) co nghiem thc x x m
(Gi :Bi ny sau khi hoc xong hm ly tha ta c c cng thc tnh o hm
hm ly tha v p dng vo bi ny tnh o hm)
Hng dn:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 47
)
( ) ( ) ( )
)
= + =
+

| |
|
< < <
|
| + + +
\ .
< > +

4 2
3 3 4 6 3
2 2 2
4 4 4
Xet ham so ( ) 1 - va
Ham so ( ) lien tuc tren 0; .
1 1 1 1
'( )= 0, v = 0
2
1 1 1
nen '( ) 0, 0 ( ) nghch bien tren na khoang 0; va
f x x x y m
f x
x x x x
f x
x
x x x
x x x
f x x f x
)
+
=
< s e + < s

lim ( ) 0,
nen 0 ( ) 1, 0; .Vay :0 1 th phng trnh co nghiem thc
x
f x
f x x m
Bi 3. Cho phng trnh:
( )
+ + + + =
2 2
tan cot t anx cot 3 0 x x m x
a) Gii phng trnh khi m=5
b) nh m phng trnh c nghim
Bi 4. Cho phng trnh:
+
=

6 6
2 2
os sin
tan2 (*)
os sin
c x x
m x
c x x
a) Gii phng trnh khi
=
1
4
m
b) Vi gi tr no ca m th phng trnh (*) v nghim
Bi 5. nh m phng trnh :
| |
+ + + + + + =
|
\ .
1 1 1
sin cos 1 t anx cot
2 sinx cos
x x x m
x
c nghim thuc
t | |
|
\ .
0;
2
Bi 6. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:
a) + + =
2
2 1 x x m
b) + + + = 2 2 (2 )(2 ) x x x x m
Bi 7. Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim:
m x x x x = + + + 1 1
2 2
Hng dn:
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 48
Xt hs:
2 2
( ) 1 1 f x x x x x = nn
2 2
2 1 2 1
'( )
2 1 2 1
x x
f x
x x x x

=

2 2 2 2
(2 1)(2 1) 0
'( ) 0
(2 1) ( 1) (2 1) ( 1)
x x
f x
x x x x x x
'
_ 1
1
= =
!
1
=
1+
1 1
2 2
0( )
x x
x l
'
1
1
_ . _
1
=
!
1
1
=
1
+
'(0) 1 0, f x R = \ HS ) (x f ng bin trn R. lim ( ) 1; lim ( ) 1
x x
f x f x

= =
PT c nghim khi: -1 < m < 1.
BI TP CHN LC V NNG CAO:
Bi 1. Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim x 0; 1 3
(
e +

:
( )
m x x x x
2
2 2 1 (2 ) 0 + + + s
Bi 2. Tm m phng trnh sau c 2 nghim phn bit:
x x m x x
2 2
10 8 4 (2 1). 1 + + = + +
Bi 3. Gii v bin lun phng trnh: mx m x mx x x x
2 2 3 2
1 .( 2 2) 3 4 2 + + + = +
Bi 4. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m h phng trnh sau c 2 nghim
phn bit:
x x
x x a
x x m b
2
3
3 3
2
2
( 2 5)
log ( 1) log ( 1) log 4 ( )
log ( 2 5) log 2 5 ( )
+
+ >

+ =

Bi 5. Tm cc gi tr ca tham s thc m sao cho phng trnh sau c nghim thc:


2 2
1 1 1 1
9 ( 2)3 2 1 0
+ +
+ + + =
x x
m m
Bi 6. Tm m h phng trnh sau c nghim vi 2: > x
2 2
3
3 5
+ =

+ + + =

x y
x y m
Bi 7. Tm m phng trnh:
2
2 0,5
4(log ) log 0 + = x x m c nghim thuc (0, 1).
Bi 8. Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim:
2
5 1 5 6 + + + = x x x x m
Bi 9. Cho h phng trnh:
2 2
3
3
x xy y m
xy x y

+ + =

+ + =

a) Gii h phng trnh khi m=5


b) nh cc gi tr m h c nghim
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 49
Bi 10. Tm gi tr ca m phng trnh sau y c nghim duy nht :
0 ) 2 3 ( log ) 6 ( log
2
2 5 , 0
= + + x x x m
Bi 11. Tm m phng trnh
( )
4 4
2 sin cos cos 4 2sin 2 0 x x x x m + + + = c nghim
trn 0; .
2
t (
1

HNG DN GII:
Bi 1. t
2
t x 2x 2 = + . (2)

s s s e +
+
2
t 2
m (1 t 2), dox [0;1 3]
t 1
Kho st
2
t 2
g(t)
t 1

=
+
vi 1 s t s 2. g'(t) 5. Vy g tng trn [1,2]
Do , ycbt bpt
2
t 2
m
t 1

s
+
c nghim t e [1,2]
| | t
m g t g
1;2
2
max ( ) (2)
3
e
s = =
Bi 2. Nhn xt:
2 2 2
10 8 4 2(2 1) 2( 1) + + = + + + x x x x
(pt)
2
2 2
2 1 2 1
2 2 0
1 1
+ + | | | |
+ =
| |
+ + \ . \ .
x x
m
x x
. t
2
2 1
1
+
=
+
x
t
x
iu kin : 2< t 5 s .
Rt m ta c: m=
2
2 2 + t
t
. Lp bng bin thin
12
4
5
< s m hoc 5 < 4 < m
Bi 3. : (pt)
3 3
( 1) 1 ( 1) ( 1) + + + = + mx mx x x .
Xt hm s: f(t)=
3
+ t t , hm s ny ng bin trn R.
( 1) ( 1) + = f mx f x 1 1 + = mx x
Gii v bin lun phng trnh trn ta c kt qu cn tm.
- 1 1 < < m phng trnh c nghim x =
2
1

m
- m = 1 phng trnh nghim ng vi 1 > x
- Cc trng hp cn li phng trnh v nghim.
Bi 4.
2
3
3 3
2
2
( 2 5)
log ( 1) log ( 1) log 4 ( )
log ( 2 5) log 2 5 ( )
+
+ >

+ =

x x
x x a
x x m b
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 50
- Gii (a) 1 < x < 3.
- Xt (b): t
2
2
log ( 2 5) = + t x x . T x e (1; 3) t e (2; 3).
(b)
2
5 = t t m . Xt hm
2
( ) 5 = f t t t , t BBT
25
; 6
4
| |
e
|
\ .
m
Bi 5. t t =
2
1 1
3
+ x
. V [ 1;1] e x nn [3;9] e t . (3)
2
2 1
2
+
=

t t
m
t
.
Xt hm s
2
2 1
( )
2
+
=

t t
f t
t
vi [3;9] e t . f(t) ng bin trn [3; 9]. 4 s f(t) s
48
7
.

48
4
7
s s m
Bi 6. t
2 2
( ) 3 (3 ) 5 = + + + f x x x
2 2
3
( )
3 (3 ) 5

'
= +
+ +
x x
f x
x x
2 2
2
2 3
( ) 0 6 14 (3 ) 3
2 18 27 0
s s
'
= + = +

+ =

x
f x x x x x x
x x
Phng trnh th hai c ' 81 54 135 9.15 A = + = = , v hai nghim:
1,2
9 3 15
2

= x
D kim tra rng c hai nghim ny u b loi v nh hn 2. Vy, o hm
ca hm s khng th i du trn
| ) 2; , ngoi ra (3) 0
'
> f nn
( ) 0, 2
'
> > f x x . Do , gi tr nh nht ca ( ) f x l (2) 7 6 = + f .
Cng d thy ( ) lim

=
x
f x . T suy ra: h phng trnh cho c nghim
(vi 2 > x ) khi v ch khi 6 7 > + m .
Bi 7. PT
2
2 2
log log 0; (0; 1) (1) + + = e x x m x
t:
2
log = t x . V:
2
0
limlog

=
x
x v
1
limlog 0

=
x
x , nn: vi (0;1) ( ; 0) e e x t
Ta c: (1)
2
0, 0 (2) = < t t m t
2
, 0 = < m t t t
t:
2
, 0: ( )
: ( )
= <

y t t t P
y m d
Xt hm s:
2
( ) = = y f t t t , vi t < 0 ( ) 2 1
'
= f t t

1 1
( ) 0
2 4
'
= = = f t t y
T BBT ta suy ra: (1) c nghim (0; 1) e x (2) c nghim t < 0
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 51
(d) v (P) c im chung, vi honh t < 0
1
4
s m .
Vy, gi tr m cn tm:
1
.
4
s m
Bi 8. t
2 2
5 1 4 2 5 6 = + = + + t x x t x x
PT ( )
2
4
2; 2 2
2

(
+ = e

t
t m t
Xt hm s
( )
2
4
( ) 2; 2 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 0 1 2; 2 2
2

' ' ( (
= + e = + = = e

t
f t t t f t t f t t
f(t) = m c nghim
( )
2 2 1 2 s s + m .
Bi 9.
c) t
2
, 4 0
S x y
S P
P xy
= +
>

H cho c vit li
( )
2
2 2
3 0
(*)
3 3
3
S P m S S m x y xy m
S P P S
xy x y


+ = + + = + + =


+ = =

+ + =

Khi m= 5. H
( ) ( )
1 4 ( )
(*) ; 1;1
2 1
S P loai
x y
S P
= =
=

= =

d) h c nghim th h
2
3 0
(*)
3
S S m
P S

+ + =

c nghim tha
2
4 0 S P >
2
4 0 S P >
( )
2
4 12 0 ; 6 2; S S S ( + > e +

Xt hm
2
( ) 3 f S S S = + ,
( )
; 6 2; S ( e +

Hm ny nghch bin trn
(
;6(

v
( )
( ) 6 45 f S f > = ;
ng bin trn
)
2; +

v ( ) (2) 5. f S f > = Vy 5 m >


Bi 10. = + + 0 ) 2 3 ( log ) 6 ( log
2
2 5 , 0
x x x m = + ) 2 3 ( log ) 6 ( log
2
2 2
x x x m
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 52

+ =
< <

= +
>

3 8
1 3
2 3 6
0 2 3
2 2
2
x x m
x
x x x m
x x
Xt hm s 1 3 , 3 8 ) (
2
< < + = x x x x f ta c 8 2 ) ( ' = x x f , 0 ) ( ' < x f khi
4 > x , do ) (x f nghch bin trong khong ) 1 ; 3 ( , 6 ) 1 ( , 18 ) 3 ( = = f f . Vy h
phng trnh trn c nghim duy nht khi 18 6 < < m
Bi 11. Ta c
4 4 2
1
sin os 1 sin 2
2
x c x x + = v
2
os4 1 2sin 2 . c x x =
Do ( )
2
1 3sin 2 2sin 2 3 x x m + + = .
t sin 2 t x = . Ta c
| | | | 0; 2 0; 0;1 .
2
x x t
t
t
(
e e e
1

Suy ra ( ) | |
2
3 2 3 , 0;1 f t t t m t = + + = e
Ta c bng bin thin
T phng trnh cho c nghim trn
10
0; 2
2 3
m
t (
s s
1

LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 53
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Chng minh rng nu tam gic ABC tha h thc
+ + + = A
+ +
1 13
cos cos cos th eu
cos cos cos 6
A B C ABC
A B C
Hng dn:
= + + = + < s
| (
= +
1
\
| ( | (
> e
1 1
\ \
3
cos cos cos 1 4sin sin sin 1
2 2 2 2
1 3
Xet ham so ( ) , lien tuc tren 1;
2
3 3
Ta co: '( ) 0, t 1; ( ) ong bien tren 1;
2 2
A B C
at t A B C t
f t t
t
f t f t
< s
= = + + = A
16
Da vao bang bien thien suy ra 2 ( )
3
16 3
angthc ( ) xay ra khi cos cos cos hay ABC eu
3 2
f t
f t t A B C
Bi 2. Chng minh rng trong mi tam gic ABC nhn ta lun c:
( ) ( )
t + + + + + >
2 1
sin sin sin tan tan tan
3 3
A B C A B C
Hng dn:
Ta rng: t + + = A B C
bt
| | | | | |
+ + + + + >
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
2 1 2 1 2 1
sin tan - sin tan - sin tan - 0
3 3 3 3 3 3
A A A B B B C C C
Xt hm s :
t |
= + e
|
.
2 1
( ) sin tan , 0;
3 3 2
f t t t t t
DNG 7: DNGN IU CHNG MINH H THC LNG
GIC
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 54
t | | |
= + = + + e >
| |
\ . .
2 2
2 1 1 1
'( ) cos 1 cos cos 1. 0; cos 0.
3 3 2 3cos os
f t t t t Dot t
x c t
Theo bt ng thc cosi th ta c
t |
> = e
|
.
1
'( ) .3 1 0, 0; .
3 2
f t t
Do hm s f(t) ng bin trn
t |
|
.
0;
2
.
t | |
e > > =
|
\ .
0; 0 ( ) (0) 0
2
t t f t f
T :
> > = + >
2 1
0, ( ) (0) 0 sin sin 0
3 3
A f A f A A A
Tng t, ta cng c: + >
2 1
sin sin 0
3 3
B B B ; + >
2 1
sin sin 0
3 3
C C C .......
BI TP TNG T:
Chng minh rng nu tam gic ABC c cc gc u nhn th :
t + + + + + > sin sin sin t anA tan tan 2 A B C B C
Hng dn:
Xt hm s : f(x)=sinx+tanx-2x, vi
t | (
e
1
\
0;
2
x
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 55
BI 2. CC TR HM S
A. KIN THC C BN CN NH
Gi s hm s f xc nh trn khong
( )
; a b c th a l ; b l + v im
( )
e
0
; x a b
a) Nu tn ti h>0 sao cho
( )
< e + =
0 0 0 0
( ) ( ), ; va x x f x f x x x h x h th ta ni
hm s f(x) t ti x
0
.
c) Nu tn ti h>0 sao cho
( )
> e + =
0 0 0 0
( ) ( ), ; f x f x x x h x h va x x th ta
ni hm s f(x) t cc tiu ti x
0
.
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 56
Ch :
1. Nu hm s f(x) t cc
i (cc tiu) ti
x
0
th x
0
c gi l
im cc i
(im cc tiu) ca hm s; f(x
0
) c gi l gi tr cc i( gi tr cc tiu)
ca hm s . K hiu l : ( )
CD CT
f f , con im M(x
0
;f(x
0
)) c gi l ca
th hm s.Cc im cc i v cc tiu ni chung l . Gi tr cc i(gi tr
cc tiu) cn gi l c gi chung l
im cc tr ca hm s
2. D dng chng minh c rng, nu hm s y=f(x) c o hm trn khong
( )
; a b v t cc i hoc cc tiu ti x
0
th f(x
0
)=0
Nu hm s f c o hm ti x
0
v t cc tr ti im th f' (x
0
) = 0.
Ch :
- Hm s f ch c th t cc tr ti nhng im m ti o hm bng 0
hoc khng c o hm.
V d minh ha:
Ta thy = 1 x th = ' 0 y v t cc i ti = = 1, 1
CD
x y v ' y khng c o
hm ti = 0 x nhng vn t gi tr cc tiu ti
= 0 x , = 0
CT
y
- o hm ' f c th bng 0 ti im
0
x nhng hm f khng t cc tr ti
im
0
x
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 57
V d minh ha:
Mc d = '( ) 0 f x ti = 2 x nhng khng c cc tr tai = 2 x
- Gi s hm s f lin tc trn khong (a; b) cha im x
0
v c o hm trn
(a; b)\{x
0
}
a) Nu f' (x) i du t m sang dng khi x i qua x
0
th f t cc tiu ti x
0
.
b) Nu f' (x) i du t dng sang m khi x i qua x
0
th f t cc i ti x
0
.
V d minh ha
Mc d ti = 3 x o hm khng xc nh (khng c o hm ti hai im ny)
nhng hm vn khng c cc tr ti 2 im ny v hm s khng xc nh trn bt k
khong
( )
; a b no ca hai im ny
- Gi s hm s f c o hm trn khong (a; b) cha
im
x
0
,
f' (x
0
) = 0 v c o hm cp hai khc 0 ti im x
0
.
a) Nu f'' (x
0
) < 0 th f t cc i ti x
0
.
b) Nu f'' (x
0
) > 0 th f t cc tiu ti x
0
.
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LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 58
B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP:
Qui tc 1: Dng nh l 1.
- Tm f' (x).
- Tm cc im x
i
(i = 1, 2, ) m ti o hm bng 0 hoc khng c o
hm.
- Xt du f' (x). Nu f' (x) i du khi x i qua x
i
th hm s t cc tr ti x
i
.
Qui tc 2: Dng nh l 2.
- Tnh f' (x).
- Gii ph
ng trnh f
' (x) = 0 tm cc nghim x
i
(i = 1, 2, ).
- Tnh f'' (x) v f'' (x
i
) (i = 1, 2, ).
Nu f'' (x
i
) < 0 th hm s t cc i ti x
i
.
Nu f'' (x
i
) > 0 th hm s t cc tiu ti x
i
.
Ch :
- Hm s f ch c th t cc tr ti nhng im m ti o hm bng 0
hoc khng c o hm.
- o hm ' f c th bng 0 ti im
0
x nhng hm f khng t cc tr ti
im
0
x
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
= +
= + + +
3 2
3 2
1 5
) 3
3 3
) 3 3 5
a y x x x
b y x x x
Hng dn:
DNG 1: TM CCIM CC TR CA HM S DA VO QUY TC
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 59
( )
= =
= =
= + > e
2
10
) Ham so at cc ai tai iem -1; (-1)
3
22
Ham so at cc tieu tai iem 3; (3) -
3
) ' 3 1 0, ham khong co cc tr
a x f
x f
b y x x
Ch :
- Nu y khng i du th hm khng c cc tr. i vi hm bc 3 th iu
kin cn v hmt cc tr l y=0 c hai nghim phn bit
Bi 2. Tm cc tr hm s:
= + +
= + +
4 2
4 2
) 6 8 1
) 2 1
a y x x x
b y x x
H
ng dn:
= )Ham at cc ai tai x=-2,gia tr cc ai (-2) 25, ham khong co cc tieu a y
x -2 1 +
' y + 0 - 0 -
y

Nhn xt: Ta thy o hm trit tiu ti
1 x = nhng qua im ny y khng i
du nn n khng phi l im cc tr
b) Ham at cc ai tai cac iem x= 1, vi gia tr cc ai la y( 1)=2 va ham at
cc tieu tai x=0, gia tr cc tieu la y(0)=1
Nhn xt: i vi hm bc 4, v o hm l a thc bc 3 nn hm ch c th c
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 60
mt cc tr hoc ba cc tr. Hm s c mt cc tr khi phng trnh y=0 c mt
hoc hai nghim ( 1 nghim n v 1 nghim kp), hm s c 3 cc tr khi phng
trnh y=0 c 3 nghim phn bit
Bi 3. Tm cc tr ca hm s sau:
( )
+ +
= =
+

+
= =
+ +
2
2
2
2
2
1 2 3
) )
1 8
2
5
) )
1 2 5
x x x
a y b y
x x
x
x x
c y d y
x x x
Hng dn:
a) Hm t cc i ti = =
1
2,
4
CD
x y ; Hm t cc tiu ti = =
1
4;
8
CT
x y
b) Hm t cc i ti
= = 1 2, 2 2
CD
x y ;
Hm t cc tiu ti = + = 1 2; 2 2
CT
x y
c) Hm s ng bin trn
( ) ( )
+ ; 1 , 1; nn hm khng c cc tr
d) Hm t cc i ti = =
1 13
,
3 4
CD
x y ;
Hm t cc tiu ti = = 4; 0
CT
x y
Bi 4. Tm cc tr hm s:
( )
( )
=
= +
=
)
) 2
) 3
a y x
b y x x
c y x x
Hng dn:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 61
Ham at cc ai tai x=1, at cc tieu tai x=0
( )
( )
( )

>

= = =

)Ham xac nh va lien tuc tren


3 3
neu x>0
3 neu x 0
2
y= , ' , ' 0 1
3
3 neu x< 0
+ neu x< 0
2
c
x
x x
x
y y x
x
x x
x
x
Hm t cc tiu ti x=1, t cc i ti x=0
Nhn xt: Ta thy cc tr
ng hp ny, mc d hm khng c o hm ti
= 0 x
nhng vn t cc tr ti = 0 x
Bi 5. Tm cc tr cc hm s sau:
=
=
= +
2
2
3 2
) 4
) 2 3
) 3
a y x x
b y x x
c y x x
Hng dn:
( )
(

=
= e =
=

2
2
) Ham a cho lien tuc va xac nh tren 2;2
2 4 2
' , 2;2 , ' 0
4 2
a
x x
y x y
x x
Bng bin thin:
Ham at cc ai tai x= 2, cc tieu tai x=- 2
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 62
( )
( )
( ) ( )
(
+


(
= e +

= =

e +

2
2
2
)Ham a cho lien tuc va xac nh ; 3 3;
2 3
' , ; 3 3;
3
2 3 0
' 0 2
; 3 3;
Ham khong co ao ham tai x= 3
b
x x
y x
x
x x
y x
x
Hm t cc tiu ti x=2, hm khng c cc i
Nhn xt: Mc d = 3 x l im m ti hm s khng c o hm, tuy nhin
hm s khng xc nh trn bt k khong
( )
; a b no ca hai im ny nn hai im
ny khng phi l hai im cc tr hm s
(
( )
(


= < =
+
= =
2
3 2
)Ham a cho xac nh va lien tuc tren ;3
3 2
' , 3, 0
2 3
' 0 2, ham so khong co ao ham tai x=0 va x=3
Ham at cc ai tai x=2, at cc tieu tai x=0
c
x x
y x x
x x
y x
Nhn xt: L lun tng t cu b) = 3 x cu c) cng khng phi l im cc tr
nhng = 0 x li l
im cc tr ca hm s
Bi 6. Tm cc tr ca hm s sau:
=
=
) 2sin2 3
) 3 2cos os2
a y x
b y x c x
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 63
Hng dn:
( )
t t
t t
t t t
t
+ e
| |
= + =

|
\ .
+ +

)Ham a cho xac nh va lien tuc tren


y'=0 x= ,
4 2
8 khi k=2n
'' 8sin2 , ''
4 2 8 khi k=2n+1
Vay ham at cc ai tai x= ,at cc tieu tai x= 2n+1
4 4 2
a
k k
y x y k
n
( )
t
t
t
t t
t
t t
t
= =

e

= + =


| |
= + + = = <
|
\ .
= + > e

)Ham a cho xac nh va lien tuc tren


sin 0
y'=0 ,
2 1
2 cos
3 2
2 2
'' 2cos 4cos2 , '' 2 6cos 3 0
3 3
'' 2cos( ) 4 0,
2
Vay ham at cc ai tai x=
b
x k x
k
x k x
y x x y k
y k k k
t t + 2 ,at cc tieu tai x=k
3
k
BI TP P DNG:
p dng quy tc 1
Bi 1. Tm cc tr ca hm s sau:
+ +
+
3 2 3 2
4 2 4 2
3 2 3
1
. y = + -3x+2 b. y = -x 2 3
3
. y = -x 2 d. y = x +2x -3
e. y = -5x + 3x - 4x + 5 f. y = - x
a x x x x
c x
- 5x
Bi 2. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
+
= = =
+ +
+ +
= + = =
+ +
2 2
2
2
2
3 -1 3 5 ( - 4)
. . .
2 4 1 2 5
9 -2 2
. - 3 . .
- 2 2 1 4
x x x x
a y b y c y
x x x x
x x x
d y x e y f y
x x x
Bi 3. Tm cc tr cc hm s
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 64
+ +
+
+

2
2
3
2
2 2
x+1
. y = 25 - x b. y = c. y = 3 1
x 1
x x
. y = e. y = f. y = 2 4 5
10 - x 6
a x x
d x x
x
Bi 4. Tm cc tr cc hm s:
2
. y = sin2x b. y = cosx - sinx c. y = sin x a
p dng quy tc 2:
Bi 5. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
( )
= + +

1 2
: 3
2 1
m
C y x
mx
Bi 6. Tm cc tr ca hm s sau:
= =
2
) os 3 ) sin os
2 2
x x
a y c x b y c
Bi 7. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
a) =
2 3
3 2 y x x b) = +
3 2
2 2 1 y x x x c)
= +
3 2
1
4 15
3
y x x x
d) = +
4
2
3
2
x
y x e) = +
4 2
4 5 y x x f) = + +
4
2
3
2 2
x
y x
g)
+ +
=
+
2
3 6
2
x x
y
x
h)
+ +
=
+
2
3 4 5
1
x x
y
x
i)

=

2
2 15
3
x x
y
x
Bi 8.Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
a) = +
3 4
( 2) ( 1) y x x b)
+
=
+
2
2
4 2 1
2 3
x x
y
x x
c)
+ +
=
+ +
2
2
3 4 4
1
x x
y
x x
d) =
2
4 y x x e) = +
2
2 5 y x x f) = +
2
2 y x x x
Bi 9.Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
a) = +
3 2
1 y x b) =
+
3 2
2 1
x
y
x
c) =
2
4sin y x x
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 65
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 66
TM TT L THUYT
1. Nu hm s y = f(x) t cc tr ti im x
0
th f' (x
0
) = 0 hoc ti x
0
khng c o
hm.
2. hm s y = f(x) t cc tr ti im x
0
th f' (x) i du khi x i qua x
0
.
Ch :
- Hm s bc ba = + + +
3 2
y ax bx cx d c cc tr Phng trnh y' = 0 c hai
nghim phn bit.
Khi nu x
0
l im cc tr th ta c th tnh gi tr cc tr y(x
0
) bng hai
cch:
+ = + + +
3 2
0 0 0 0
( ) y x ax bx cx d
+ = +
0 0
( ) y x Ax B, trong Ax + B l phn d trong php chia y cho y'.
- Hm s
+ +
=
+
2
' '
ax bx c
y
a x b
=
( )
( )
P x
Q x
(aa'= 0) c cc tr Phng trnh y' = 0
c hai nghim phn bit khc
'
'
b
a
.
Khi nu x
0
l im cc tr th ta c th tnh gi tr cc tr y(x
0
) bng hai
cch:
=
0
0
0
( )
( )
( )
P x
y x
Q x
hoc =
0
0
0
'( )
( )
'( )
P x
y x
Q x
- Khi s dng iu kin cn xt hm s c cc tr cn phi kim tra li
loi b nghim ngoi lai.
- Khi gii cc bi tp loi ny thng ta cn s dng cc kin thc khc na,
nht l nh l Viet.
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Tm m hm s = + + +
3 2
3 12 2 y mx x x t cc i ti 2 x =
DNG 2: Tmiu kin hm c cc tr
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 67
Hng dn:
Ham so lien tuc va xac nh tren
'(2) 0
Ham at cc ai tai 2 2
''(2) 0
y
x m
y
=
= =

<

Ch : ta c th gii bi ton trn theo cch sau:


e ham at cc ai tai x=2 th y'(2)=0 m=-2
Vi m=-2 ta th lai ta thay thoa

Bi 2. Xc nh gi tr m hm s
+ +
= =
+
2
1
( )
x mx
y f x
x m
t cc i ti 2 x =
Hng dn:
Ham so lien tuc va xac nh tren \ { }
'(2) 0
Ham at cc ai tai 2 3
''(2) 0
m
y
x m
y

=
= =

<

Nh
n xt:
Khi tnh
o hm cp hai ca h
m s
trn v gi
i h
bt phng trnh
tng i di dng.
Tuy nhin ta c th trnh by theo cch sau
3
e ham at cc ai tai 2 th '(2) 0
1
2
Vi -3: ' 0
4
m
x y
m
x
m y
x
=
= =

=

=
= =

=

Bng bin thin:


Da vo bng bin thin ta thy hmt cc i ti 2 x = , vy 3 m = tha.
Tng t: 1 m =
Bi 3. Tm m hm
+
=

2
2
1
x mx
y
mx
c cc tr.
Hng dn:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 68

= =
+ =

2
2
1
Ham so lien tuc va xac nh tren \ { }
Neu m=0 th y=x 1 co mot cc tr
1
Neu m 0: ham xac nh vi moi x
Ham so at cc tr khi phng trnh mx 2 0 co hai nghiem phan bi
m
m
x m
=

< <

2
et
1 0
1
khac 1 1
1
0
m
m
m
m
m
Bi 4. Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr m, hm s
( )
+ + +
=

2 3
1 1
1
x m m x m
y
mx
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( )
+
= = = +

A = > e

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
Ham a cho xac nh va lien tuc tren \{m}
2 1 ( )
y'= , , ( ) 2 1
Dau cua g(x) cung la dau cua y' va ' 1 0,
g(x) luon co 2 nghiem phan biet x=m-1;
g
x mx m g x
x m g x x mx m
x m x m
m m m
x=m+1 thuoc tap xac nh
Bng bin thin:
Bi 5. Cho hm s
( )
= + + + +
4 3 2
4 3 1 1. y x mx m x Tm m :
a) Hm c ba cc tr
b) Hm c cc tiu m khng c cc
i
Hng dn:
=


= + + + =

2
Ham a cho xac nh va lien tuc tren
0
y'=0
( ) 2 6 3 3 0
x
g x x mx m
Nhn xt:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 69
1. Nu g(x)=0 c hai nghim phn bit khc 0 th hm c hai cc tiu v mt
cc i
2. Nu g(x)=0 c mt nghim x=0 th hm ch c mt cc tiu
3. Nu g(x)=0 c nghim kp hoc v nghim th hm
t cc tiu ti x=0
T nhn xt trn ta thy hm c t nht mt cc tr
=
| | | |
+
e + | |
| |


\ . \ .

) Ham co ba cc tr khi va ch khi g(x)=0 co hai nghiem phan biet 0


1 7 1 7
; ;
3 3
1
) Theo nhan xet tren ta thay ham ch at cc tieu va khong co cc a
a
m
m
b
+
s s
i
1 7 1 7
Ham so khong co ba cc tr
3 3
m
Ch :
i vi hm trng phng
( )
= + + =
4
0 y ax bx c a
Ta c:
=
= + =

+ =

3
2
0
' 4 2 ' 0
4 2 0 (1)
x
y ax bx y
ax b
Hm c ba cc tr (1) c hai nghim phn bit khc 0
=


<

0
0
b
ab
Khi :
Hm c hai cc tiu, mt cc i khi a>0
Hm c hai cc i, mt cc tiu khi a<0
Hm c mt mt cc tr (1) c mt nghim kp hoc v nghim hoc
c nghim x=0
A <

0
(0) 0 f
Khi :
- Hm c cc tiu khi a>0
- Hm c cc i khi a<0
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 70
Bi 6. Tm cc h s a,b,c,d sao cho hm s
= = + + +
3 2
( ) ax y f x bx cx d t cc
tiu ti 0 x = , (0) 0 f = v t cc i ti 1 x = , (1) 1 f = .
Hng dn:
= =


> >

= + + =


< + <

= =


= + + =

'(0) 0 0
Ham at cc tieu tai x=0 (1)
''(0) 0 2 0
'(1) 0 3 2 0
Ham at cc ai tai x=0 (2)
''(1) 0 6 2 0
Mat khac:
(1) 1 0
(3)
(0) 0 1
Giai he (1),(2),(3) t
f c
f b
f a b c
f a b
f d
f a b c
a c a=-2,b=3,c=d=0
Thay vao va kiem tra lai th thoa man
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Tm m
hm s
( )
= + + +
3 2
3 1 1 y x m x x c cc
i, cc tiu
Hng dn:
Ta c:
( )
= + +
2
' 3 6 1 1 y x m x . Hm t cc i, cc tiu khi y=0 c hai nghim
phn bit


<

A >

+
>

3 3
3
' 0
3 3
3
m
m
Bi 2. Tm m hm s
( )
= + + + +
3 2
2 3 y m x x mx m c cc i, cc tiu
Hng dn:
+ = =


A > < <

Ham co cc ai va cc tieu khi phng trnh y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet
2 0 2
' 0 3 1
m m
m
Bi 3. Tm m hm s
+ +
=
+
2
mx x m
y
x m
khng c cc i, cc tiu
Hng dn:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 71
( )
2 2
2
2 2
4
2
'
Ham so khong co cc ai va cc tieu khi y' khong oi dau qua nghiem
g(x)= 2 0 vo nghiem hoac co nghiem kep
m=0, y'=0, x -m m=0 thoa
m 0: Ta co '=m 0, 0
mx m x
y
x m
mx m x
m g
+
=
+
+ =
=
= A > = ( ) co hai nghiem phan biet nen kho ng co
gia tr cua tham so m e g(x)=0 vo nghiem hay co nghiem kep.
Vay: ch co m =0 thoa yeu cau bai toan
x
Bi 4. Tm m hm s
( )
=
3 2
3 1 1 y mx mx m x khng c cc tr
Hng dn:
2
Ta co: ' 3 6 1 (*)
0 : khi o y'=1>0, x nen ham khong co cc tr
m 0: Ham khong co cc tr khi phng trnh y'=0 vo nghiem hoac co
1
nghiem kep ' 0 0<m .
4
1
Vay 0 m th ham
4
y mx mx m
m
= + +
= e
=
A s s
s s

khong co cc tr.
Bi 5. Xc nh m hm s = +
4 2
1 3
2 2
y x mx c cc tiu m khng c cc i
Hng dn:
2
2
0
' 0
Ham co cc tieu ma khong co cc ai khi y'=0 co mot nghiem duy nhat va
y' oi dau khi i qua nghiem o vo nghiem hoac co nghiem kep x=0
m 0
x
y
x m
x m
=
=

=

=
s
B
i 6. Tm m hm s
+ +
=
+
2
1 x mx
y
x m
t cc tiu ti 1 x =
Hng dn:
'(1) 0
Ham at cc tieu tai 1 0
''(1) 0
y
x m
y
=
= =

>

Bi 7. Tm h s a, b, c sao cho hm s = + + +
3 2
( ) ax f x x bx c t cc tr bng 0
ti im 2 x = v c th hm s i qua A(1;0)
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 72
Hng dn:
'( 2) 0 4 12
Ham at cc tr bang 0 tai x=-2
( 2) 0 4 8
o th i qua A(1;0) nen (1) 0 1 0
Giai he ta c : 3; 0; 4
f a b
f a b c
f a b c
a b c
= =


= + =

= + + + =
= = =
BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Chng minh rng cc hm s sau lun c cc i, cc tiu:
a) = +
3 2 2 3
3 3( 1) y x mx m x m b) = + + + +
3 2
2 3(2 1) 6 ( 1) 1 y x m x m m x
c)
+ +
=

2 2 4
( 1) 1 x m m x m
y
x m
d)
+ +
=
+
2
2
1
x mx m
y
x m
Bi 2. Tm m hm s:
a) = + + +
3 2
( 2) 3 5 y m x x mx c cc i, cc tiu.
b) = + +
3 2 2
3( 1) (2 3 2) ( 1) y x m x m m x m m c cc i, cc tiu.
c) = + +
3 2 2
3 ( 1) 2 y x mx m x t cc i ti x = 2.
d) = + +
4 2
2( 2) 5 y mx m x m c mt cc i =
1
.
2
x
e)
+
=

2
2 2 x mx
y
x m
t cc tiu khi x = 2.
f)
+ +
=

2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x
c cc i, cc tiu.
g)
+
=

2
1
x x m
y
x
c mt gi tr cc i bng 0.
Bi 3. Tm m cc hm s sau khng c cc tr:
a) = + + +
3 2
3 3 3 4 y x x mx m b) = +
3 2
3 ( 1) 1 y mx mx m x
c)
+ +
=

2
5
3
x mx
y
x
d)
+ +
=

2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x
Bi 4. Tm a, b, c, d hm s:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 73
a) = + + +
3 2
y ax bx cx d t cc tiu bng 0 ti x = 0 v t cc i bng
4
27
ti x =
1
3
b) = + +
4 2
y ax bx c c th i qua gc to O v t cc tr bng 9 ti
x = 3 .
c)
+ +
=

2
1
x bx c
y
x
t cc tr bng 6 ti x = 1.
d)
+ +
=
+
2
ax bx ab
y
bx a
t cc tr ti x = 0 v x = 4.
e)
+ +
=
+
2
2
2
1
ax x b
y
x
t cc i bng 5 ti x = 1.
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 74
Phng php:
- Trc ht ta tm
iu kin hm s c cc tr
- Biu din iu kin ca bi ton th
ng qua ta cc im cc tr ca th
hm s, t ta tmc iu kin ca tham s
Ch :
Nu ta gp biu thc i xng ca honh cc im cc tr v honh
cc cc tr l nghim ca mt tam thc bc hai th ta dng nh l viet
Khi tnh gi tr cc tr ca hm s qua im cc tr ta thng dng cc kt
qu sau:
Kt qu 1: Cho hm a thc = ( ) y P x . Gi s
( )
= + + ax ( ) ( ) y b P x r x . Khi , nu x
0
l im cc tr ca hm s th
gi tr cc tr ca hm s l =
0 0
( ) ( ) y x r x v = ( ) y r x gi l phng
trnh qu tch cc im cc tr
Kt qu 2: Cho hm phn thc = =
( )
, ( ) 0
( )
u x
y v x
v x
.Khi , nu x
0
l
im cc tr ca hm s th gi tr cc tr ca hm s l =
0
0
0
'( )
( )
'( )
u x
y x
v x
v = ( ) y r x gi l phng trnh qu tch cc im cc tr
Hai kt qu trn cc em d dng chng minh c.
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Tm m hm s
( )
= + +
3 2
1
2 1 2
3
y x mx m x c hai im cc tr dng.
Hng dn:
Hm s xc nh trn

Ta c: = +
2
' 2 2 1 y x mx m
Hm s c hai cc tr dng = ' 0 y c hai nghim dng phn bit
DNG 3:Tmi
u kin hm s c cc tr tha iu kin no
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 75
' 0
1
0
2
1
0
m
S
m
P
A >

>
>


=
>

Bi 2. Tm m th hm s
+ + +
=

2
3 2 1
1
mx mx m
y
x
c cc i v cc tiu v hai
im
nm v hai pha ca trc Ox.
Hng dn:
( )
( )
( )

=

= = =

<

=

>

<
=
2
2
2
1 2
1 2
1 1
2 5 1
'
1
' 0 2 5 1 0, 1 (1)
1
Ham co hai cc tr (1) co hai nghie m phan biet x , 1
6
0
Hai iem cc tr nam ve hai pha truc Ox y(x ) ( ) 0
Ta co: y(x ) 2 1 ;
mx mx m
y
x
y mx mx m x
m
x
m
y x
m x
( )
=

< <

<

> >

2 2
1 2
y(x ) 2 1
1 1
y(x ) ( ) 0 .Vay la nhng gia tr can tm
2 2
0 0
m x
m m
y x
m m
Bi 3. Tm m hm s
= +
3 2
2 12 13 y x mx x c cc i, cc tiu v cc im
ny cch u trc tung.
Hng dn:
( )
( )
= + = + =
= = =
+ = =
2 2
1 2
1 2 1 2 1
1 2
' 2 3 6 ' 0 3 6 0 (*)
V (*) luon co hai nghiem phan biet nen ham so luon co hai cc tr ;
Hai cc tr nay cach eu truc tung v
0 0
x
y x mx y x mx
x x
x x x x x x
x x m
Bi 4. Tm m hm s
( ) ( )
= + + + +
3 2 2
2 1 3 2 4 y x m x m m x c cc i, cc
tiu nm v hai pha trc tung
Hng dn:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 76
( )
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
' 3 2 2 1 3 2
Ham co cc dai va cc tieu nam ve hai pha truc tung y'=0 co hai nghiem
phan biet , thoa 0 0 1 2
y x m x m m
x x x x x x m
= + + +

< < < < <


Bi 5. Tm m
hm s
( )( )
=
2
3 1 y x m x x m c c
c i, cc tiu tha
= . 1
CD CT
x x
Hng dn:
Hm s cho xc nh trn

Ta c:
( )
= + +
2
' 3 2 3 2 1 y x m x m
Hm s c cc i, cc tiu tha = . 1
CD CT
x x
A >
=



= =

' 0
2
1 1
m
P m
Bi 6. Tm m hm s
( ) ( )
= + +
3 2
1 1
1 3 2
3 3
y mx m x m x c cc i v cc
tiu v
ng thi honh cc i cc tiu
1 2
, x x tha + =
1 2
2 1 x x
Hng dn:
Hm s cho xc nh trn
Ta c:
( ) ( )
= +
2
' 2 1 3 2 y mx m x m
Hm s c cc i, cc tiu
1 2
, x x
=
=



+
A >
< <

0
0
2 6 2 6
' 0
2 2
m
m
m
Theo nh l Vi-t v yu cu bi ton ta c:
( )
( )

+ =

=

+ =

1 2
1 2
1 2
2 1
2
2 1
3
2
3 2
x x
m
m
x x
m
m
m
x x
m
So snh iu kin, =
2
3
m hoc m=2 l gi tr cn tm
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 77
BTTT: Cho ham so
( )
3 2
3 1 9 , vi m la tham so thc y x m x x m = + +
a) Khao sat s bien thien va ve o th ham so khi 1 m =
b) Tm m e ham co cc tr
1 2
; x x sao cho
1 2
3 2 6 x x m = +
ap so: 1; 3 m m = =
Bi 7. Tm m
hm s
+ +
=
+
2
2 3 2
2
x x m
y
x
c cc
i v cc tiu v cc im
cc
i cc tiu
1 2
, x x tha =
2 1
8
x x
y y
Hng dn:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1
2 1
2
2
2 2
1
2
Ta co: Vi 0 va 2
( )
' 2 , ( ) 2 2
2 2
Ham so co cc ai va cc tieu khi va ch khi y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet
khac -2 m>0. Khi o:
4 3
4 3
x
x x
x
m x
m g x
y vi g x x m
x x
y x
y y
y x
= =
= = = +
+ +

= +

= +

8 0 m = =
Bi 8. Tm m hm s
+
=

2
2 3 x x m
y
x m
c cc i v cc tiu v cc im cc
i cc tiu
1 2
, x x tha >
2 1
8
x x
y y
Hng dn:
Hm s cho xc nh trn
\ { } m
Ta c:
( )
+
= = + =

2
2
2
2 4 2
' , ' 0 2 4 2 0(1)
2
x mx m
y y x mx m
x
Hm c cc tr (1) c hai nghim phn bit
2 2
0 0
1 2 0
m
m
m m m m
A > =

=

= + =

V phng trnh ng thng i qua cc im cc tr l = 4 3 y x nn
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 78
>
2 1
8
x x
y y


<

>

+
>

1 2
1 5
2
2
1 5
2
m
x x
m
Kt hp iu kin hm c cc tr suy ra c

<
1 5
2
m hoc
+
>
1 5
2
m l
nhng gi tr cn tm
Bi 9. Tm tham s m hm s
4 2 2
2 1 y x m x = + c 3 im cc tr l 3 nh ca
tam gic vung.
Hng dn:
Hm s cho xc nh trn
Ta c:
( )
=
2 2
' 4 y x x m . Vi = 0 m hm c ba cc tr. Khi ta cc im cc
tr l
( ) ( ) ( )

4 4
0;1 ; ;1 ; ;1 A B m m C m m .Ba im cc tr lp thnh tam gic ABC
vung (ti A) nn . 0 AB AC =

= 1 m l nhng g tr cn tm
Bi 10. Tm tham s m hm s
= + +
4 2 4
2 2 y x mx m m c 3 im cc tr l 3
nh ca tam gic u.
Hng dn:
( )
( )
( )
=
=

=

+
=


= +

2
4
4 2
4 2
0
' 0 .
(2)
o th ham so co cc ai, cc tieu khi va ch khi phng trnh (2)
co hai nghiem phan biet khac 0 m>0
0; 2
0
Khi o: y'=0 ; 2
; 2
x
y
x m
A m m
x
x m B m m m m
x m
C m m m m

=
=

3
.
Ham co ba cc tr lap thanh tam giac eu 3
AB BC
m
AB AC
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Xc nh gi tr m hm s
( )
= + +
3 2
6 3 2 6 y x x m x m t cc i v
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 79
cc tiu, ng thi hai cc tr cng du
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 1 2
Ham co cc ai va cc tieu khi va ch khi y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet x ,
m<2.Taco:
14
( ). ( ) 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
7
2
14
Ket hp ieu kien: 2
7
x
m
y x y x m x m m x m
m
m

>
( (
< + + >

< <
Bi 2. Tm tt c cc gi tr tham s m
( )
+ + + +
=
+
2
2 3 2
1
x m x m
y
x
c gi tr cc
tr ng thi + >
2 2
1
2
CD CT
y y
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
1 2
1 1 2 2
2 2 2
1 2
2 2 ( )
' , 1, ( ) 2 2
1 1
Ham at cc ai, cc tieu khi g(x)=0 co hai nghiem , phan biet khac -1
1
m>- .Goi ;2 2 ; ;2 2 la cac iem cc tr
2
y 2 16
x x m g x
y x g x x x m
x x
x x
A x x m B x x m
y m
+
= = = = +
+ +
+ + + +
+ = +
2
2 2
1 2
8.
1 1
Xet ( ) 2 16 8, m>- ham f(m) ong bien tren ;
2 2
1 1 1 1
nen ( ) . Vay :y , ;
2 2 2 2
m
f m m m
f m f y m
+
| |
= + + +
|
\ .
| | | |
> = + > e +
| |
\ . \ .
Bi 3. Tm m th hm s = + +
3 2
3 y x x mx m c cc i, cc tiu v hai
im ny i xng nhau qua =
1 5
2 2
y x
Hng dn:
Tp xc
nh:
= D . o hm: = +
2 2
' 3 6 y x x m
Ta c: = + =
2 2
' 0 3 6 0 y x x m (1)
Hm s c cc i v cc tiu = ' 0 y c hai nghim phn bit
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 80
A = >
2
' 9 3 0 m < < 3 3 m
Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y l cc im cc tr ca th hm s v I l trung im ca
on AB . Do
1 2
, x x l nghim ca (1) nn theo nh l Vi-t, ta c:
+ =
1 2
2 x x , =
2
1 2
.
3
m
x x
Hai im A, B i xng nhau qua ng thng A =
1 5
:
2 2
y x
A


eA

AB
I
ng thng A v AB c h s gc ln lt l:
=
1
1
2
k
( ) ( )
+

= =

3 3 2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1
2
2 1 2 1
3 x x x x m x x
y y
k
x x x x
( ) ( )
= + + +
2
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 x x x x x x m
= +
2
2
4 6
3
m
m

=
2
2 6
3
m
A =
1 2
. 1 AB k k
| |
=
|
\ .
2
1 2 6
. 1
2 3
m
= 0 m .
Vi = 0 m :
= =
= =

= =

2 1 1
2 2
0 0
' 3 6 0
2 4
x y
y x x
x y
th hm s c hai cc tr l
( ) ( )
0; 0 , 2; 4 A B
Trung im ca AB l:
( )
1; 2 I
Hn na eA I . Vy: = 0 m tho yu cu bi ton.
By gi ta hy xt bi ton sau theo cch nhn khc. T , cc em c th chn
ra cch gii cho ring mnh.
Bi tp: Cho hm s
3 2 2
3 y x mx m m = + + . Tm gi tr m hm c gi tr cc
i v cc tiu, ng thi cc cc tr i xng nhau qua ng thng
1 1
2 2
y x =
Hng dn:
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 81
Ta c:
0
' 0
2
x
y
x m
=
=

=

. Hm c cc i, cc tiu khi v ch khi 0 m =


Cch 1: Trong trng hp hai cc tr c ta thun li
Gi
( ) ( )
2 3 2
0; ; 2 ; 4 A m m B m m m m + + + l hai cc tr ca hm s. Gi M l trung
im ca AB
( )
3 2
; 2 M m m m m + +
iu kin cn: hai im A, B i xng nhau qua ng thng
1 1
:
2 2
d y x = ,
iu kin cn l im M nm trn 1 d m =
iu kin :
Khi
( )
1 2; 4 m AB = =

h s gc ca ng thng AB l
2 k = . Do , AB vung gc vi ng thng d.
Kt lun: 1 m =
Cch 2: p dng cho trng hp c hai cc tr khng thun li
Ta c:
( )
2 2
1
' 2
3 3
m
y x y m x m m
| |
= + + +
|
\ .
. ng thng i qua hai im cc tr
ca hm s l
2 2
2 y m x m m = + + .
iu kin cn: hai im A,B i xng qua ng thng d iu kin cn l
ng thng AB vung gc vi ng thng 1 d m =
iu kin :
- Khi 1 , (1; 0) m A B M = l trung im ca AB v M thuc d .
- Khi 1 , ( 1;2) m A B M = l trung im ca AB v M e d .
Kt lun: 1 m =
Bi 4. Tm m hm
+
=

2
1
x mx
y
x
c cc tr v khong cch gia hai im cc tr
bng 10.
Hng dn:
Hm cho xc nh trn \ {1}. Hm c cc tr khi > 1 m
ng thng i qua cc im cc tr c phng trnh l = 2 y x m. Do , cc
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 82
im cc tr l
( ) ( )

1 1 2 2
; 2 ; ; 2 A x x m B x x m = =
2
100 4 AB m
Vy, m=4 l g tr cn tm
Bi 5. Tm gi tr
ca m hm s
+ +
=
+
2
2 2
1
x mx
y
x
c c
c i v cc tiu, v
khong cch t hai im n ng thng A + + = : 2 0 x y bng nhau
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
= + + =

+ +
A = A + + = + + =
2
1 2
1 1 2 2
1 2
Ham at cc ai, cc tieu khi ( ) 2 2 - 2 0 co hai nghiem ,
3
phan biet khac -1 m<
2
Goi ;2 ; ;2 la cac iem cc tr
1
Theo gia thiet: d ; ; 3 2 2 3 2 2
2
g x x x m x x
A x x m B x x m
A d B x m x m m
Bi 6. Tm gi tr ca m hm s
+ +
=

2
2
1
x mx
y
x
c cc tiu nm trn Parabol:
= +
2
4 y x x
Hng dn:
( ) ( )

= = =

>

= + = + +

= + + = + + +

2
2 2
1 2
1 1
2 1
2 2 ( )
' , 1
1 1
Ham co cc ai va cc tieu g(x)=0 co hai nghiem phan biet , khac 1
-3
1 3 2 2 3
y'=0
1 3 2 2 3
x x m g x
y x
x x
x x
m
x m y m m
x m y m m
Bng bin thin
( )
e
1 1
Da vao bang bien thien th A ; la iem cc tieu cua ham so
A (P) m=-2
x y
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 83
Bi 7. Lp phng trnh ng thng d i qua im
( )
2; 0 A sao cho khong cch
t im cc i ca th hm s
3
3 2 y x x = + n d l ln nht.
Hng dn:
' 0 1 y x = = . im cc i ca th hm s l
( )
1; 0 M . H , MH d ta c
( )
, Ox.
khac d i qua A 2; 0 . Vay phng trnh ng thang d la: 2
MH MA MH MA H A d MA d
Mat x
s =
=
Bi 8. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s
4 2
2 1 y x mx m = + c ba im cc tr,
ng thi cc im cc tr ca th hm s to thnh mt tam gic c bn knh
ng trn ngoi tip bng 1.
Hng dn :
Hm c ba cc tr 0 m > . Gi cc im cc tr l
( )
2
; 1 ; A m m m +
( )
0; 1 B m ;
( )
2
; 1 . C m m m + D thy tam gic ABC cn ti BI v tm I ca
ng trn ngoi tip thuc trc tung. Gi s
( )
0; I b , ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
1
1 1
1
1 5
1 1
2
m
m m m b
IA IB
m
m b

=
+ + =


= =

Bi 9. Cho hm s
( )
3 2 2 3
3 3 1 y x mx m x m m = + , m l tham s.
Chng minh rng hm s lun c cc i cc tiu vi mi m. Tm m cc im
cc tr v im I(1;1) to thnh tam gic ni tip ng trn c bn knh bng
5
Hng dn:
Bc 1: Cc cc tr ca hm s l
( ) ( )
1;2 2 ; 1; 2 2 A m m B m m +
Bc 2: Phng trnh ng thng AB: 2 0 x y + = . T suy ra A,B,I lp thnh ba
nh ca mt tam gic
Bc 3: 2 AB R = nn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic l ng trn c ng
knh AB hay IAB A vung ti I
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 84
p s:
1
3
5
m
m
=

LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO


Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 85
BI TP T LUYN
Bi 1. Tm m hm s :
a) = + + + +
3 2 2 2
2( 1) ( 4 1) 2( 1) y x m x m m x m t cc tr ti hai im x
1
, x
2
sao cho: + = +
1 2
1 2
1 1 1
( )
2
x x
x x
.
b) = +
3 2
1
1
3
y x mx mx t cc tr ti hai
im x
1
, x
2
sao cho: >
1 2
8 x x .
Bi 2. Tm m
hm s :
a)
+ +
=
+
2
2
1
x mx m
y
x m
c cc i, cc tiu v cc gi tr cc i, cc tiu cng
du.
b)
+ +
=

2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x
c cc i, cc tiu v tch cc gi tr cc
i, cc tiu t gi tr nh nht.
c)
+ +
=

2
3
4
x x m
y
x
c gi tr cc i M v gi tr cc tiu m tho = 4 M m .
d)
+ +
=
+
2
2 3 2
2
x x m
y
x
c <12
C CT
y y .
Bi 3. Tm m th hm s :
a) = +
3 2
4 y x mx c hai im cc tr l A, B v =
2
2
900
729
m
AB .
b) = + +
4 2
4 y x mx x m c 3 im cc tr l A, B, C v tam gic ABC nhn
gc to O lm
trng tm.
c)
+ +
=

2
2 x mx m
y
x m
c hai im cc tr nm hai pha i vi trc tung.
Chng minh hai im cc tr lun lun nm cng mt pha i vi trc honh.
d)
+
=

2
1
x mx
y
x
c khong cch gia hai im cc tr bng 10.
e)
+ +
=

2
2 5
1
x mx
y
x
c hai im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha i vi
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 86
ng thng y = 2x.
f)
+ + +
=

2
2 3 x x m
y
x m
c hai im cc tr v khong cch gia chng nh nht.
Bi 4. Tm m th hm s :
a) = +
3 2
2 12 13 y x mx x c hai im cc tr cch u trc tung.
b) = +
3 2 3
3 4 y x mx m c cc im cc i, cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng
phn gic th nht.
c) = +
3 2 3
3 4 y x mx m c cc im cc i, cc tiu v mt pha i vi
ng thng (d): + = 3 2 8 0 x y .
d)
+ + + +
=
+
2 2
(2 1) 1
1
x m x m
y
x
c hai im cc tr nm hai pha i vi ng
thng (d):
= 2 3 1 0 x y .
Bi 5. Tm m th hm s :
a)
+ +
=

2
( 1) 2 1 x m x m
y
x m
c hai im cc tr trong gc phn t
th nht
ca mt phng to .
b)
+ + + +
=
+
2 2 2
2 (4 1) 32 2
2
mx m x m m
y
x m
c mt im cc tr nm trong gc phn
t th hai v im kia nm trong gc phn t th t ca mt phng to .
c)
+ + +
=

2 2 2
( 1) 4 mx m x m m
y
x m
c mt im cc tr nm trong gc phn t
th nht v im kia nm trong gc phn t th ba ca mt phng to .
d)
+ + + +
=
+
2 2
(2 1) 1
1
x m x m
y
x
c hai im cc tr nm hai pha ca trc honh
(tung).
Bi 6. Cho hm s
( )
= + +
3 2
1
7 1 16
3
y x m x x m. Xc nh m :
a) Hm s t cc i, cc tiu
b) Hm s t cc i, cc tiu
( )
e +
1 2
; 1; x x
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 87
Bi 7. Cho hm s
( )
= + +
3 2
36 5 y x mx m x . Xc nh m
a) Hm s khng c cc tr
b) Hm s c cc i, cc tiu ti cc im
1 2
; x x tho mn
=
1 2
4 2 x x
Bi 8. Cho hm s
+ +
=
+
2
2 2 1
1
x mx m
y
x
. Xc nh m
a) Hm s c cc i, cc tiu
b) Hm s c cc im cc tr
1 2
; x x tho < < < <
1 2
2 1 0 x x
Bai 9. Cho ham so
4 2 2
2 co o th la (C ) vi m la tham so
m
y x mx m m = + + +
a) Khao sat s bien thien va ve o th ham so khi 1 m =
b) Tm m e (C
m
) co ba iem cc tr va ba iem cc tr nay lap thanh
mot tam giac co mot goc bang 120
0
Hng dan:
2
0
' 0
x
y
x m
=
=

=

e ham co ba cc tr th 0 m <
Toa o cac iem cc tr
( )
( ) ( )
2
0; ; ; ; ; A m m B m m C m m + . Tam giac ABC
can tai A. e tam giac ABC co mot goc bang 120
0
th
0
120 BAC =

( )
4
4
3
1 1
cos cos ,
2
3
m m
BAC AC AB m
m m
+
= = = =
+

Bai 10. HB 2011. Cho
( )
4 2
2 1 y x m x m = + + , m la tham so thc
1. Khao sat s bien thien va ve o th ham so vi m=1
2. Tm m e o th ham so co ba cc tr A, B, C sao cho OA=BC, trong o O
la goc toa o, A la cc tr thuoc truc tung, B va C la hai cc tr con lai.
Bai 11. C2009. Cho
( ) ( )
3 2
2 1 2 2 y x m x m x = + +
1. Khao sat s bien thien va ve o th ham so vi m=2
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 88
2. Tm m e o th ham so co cc ai va cc tieu va cac iem cc tr co
hoanh o dng.
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 89
Nhng ch khi gii ton:
1) Hm s a thc:
- Chia f(x) cho f' (x) ta c: f(x) = Q(x).f' (x) + Ax + B.
- Khi , gi s (x
1
; y
1
), (x
2
; y
2
) l cc im cc tr th:
= = +

= = +

1 1 1
2 2 2
( )
( )
y f x Ax B
y f x Ax B
Cc im (x
1
; y
1
), (x
2
; y
2
) nm trn ng thng y = Ax + B.
2) Hm s phn thc
+ +
= = =
+
2
( )
( )
( )
P x ax bx c
y f x
Q x dx e
.
- Gi s (x
0
; y
0
) l im cc tr th =
0
0
0
'( )
'( )
P x
y
Q x
.
- Gi s hm s c cc i v cc tiu th phng trnh ng thng i qua hai
im cc tr y l:
+
= =
'( ) 2
'( )
P x ax b
y
Q x d
.
BI TP MU:
Bi 1.Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr c a th hm s
= +
3 2
3 6 8 y x x x
Hng dn:
Hm s xc nh trn

=
=
= +

1 3
' 0
1 3
x
y
x
Ta c:
( )( ) ( )
=
2
( ) 2 2 1 6 1 f x x x x x
Ta cc im cc tr tha h:
( )( ) ( )
( )
=

2
' 0
6 1
2 2 1 6 1
y
y x
y x x x x
DNG 4: ng thng i qua hai im cc tr
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 90
Vy cc im cc tr nm t rn ng thng
( )
= 6 1 y x
Bi 2. Tm tham s m = + + +
3 2
7 3 y x mx x c ng thng
i qua cc im cc
i, cc tiu vung gc vi
ng thng y = 3x
7.
Hng dn:
Hm s c C, CT
( )
' = + + =
2
3 2 7 0 f x x mx c 2 nghim phn bit
' A = > >
2
21 0 21 m m . Thc hin php chia f (x) cho f '(x) ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' = + + +
2 7 1 2
3 21 3
9 9 9
m
f x x m f x m x
Vi > 21 m th phng trnh ( )
' = 0 f x c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
v hm s y
= f (x) t cc tr ti x
1
, x
2
. Ta c:
( ) ( )
' ' = =
1 2
0 f x f x suy ra
( )
( )
( )
( )
= = + = = +
2 2
1 1 1 2 2 2
7 7 2 2
21 3 ; 21 3
9 9 9 9
m m
y f x m x y f x m x
ng thng i qua C, CT l (A):
( )
= +
2 7 2
21 3
9 9
m
y m x
Ta c (A) y = 3x 7
( )
= = > =
2 2 3 10 45 2
21 .3 1 21
9 2 2
m m m
Bi 3. Tm tham s m = + +
3 2 2
3 y x x m x m c cc im cc i v cc tiu i
xng nhau qua ng thng ( A): =
1 5
2 2
y x .
Hng dn:
Hm s c C, CT
( )
' = + =
2 2
3 6 0 f x x x m c 2 nghim phn bit
' A = > <
2
9 3 0 3 m m . Thc hin php chia f (x) cho f '(x) ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' = + + +
2
2
1 2
1 3
3 3 3
m
f x x f x m x m
Vi < 3 m th phng trnh ( )
' = 0 f x c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
v hm s
y = f (x) t cc tr ti x
1
, x
2
. Ta c:
( ) ( )
' ' = =
1 2
0 f x f x nn
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 91
( )
( )
( )
( )
= = + + = = + +
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2
3 ; 3
3 3 3 3
m m
y f x m x m y f x m x m
ng thng i qua C, CT l (d):
( )
= + +
2
2
2
3
3 3
m
y m x m.
Cc im cc tr
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
, , , A x y B x y i xng nhau qua
( )
A =
5 1
:
2 2
y x
(d) (A) ti trung im I ca AB (*) . Ta c
+
= =
1 2
1
2
I
x x
x suy ra
(*)
( )
( )
( )

=
=

=

+ =

+ + =

2
2
2
2 1
3 1
0
3 2
0
5 2 1
1 0
3 1 1
3 3 2 2
m
m
m
m
m m
m m
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Cho hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
= + + + + +
3 2 2
3 1 2 7 2 2 2 y x m x m m x m m .
Tm m th hm s c cc i, cc tiu v vit phng trnh ng thng qua
cc i, cc tiu .
Hng dn:
Tp xc nh:
= D
o hm:
( ) ( )
= + + + +
2 2
' 3 6 1 2 7 2 y x m x m m
( ) ( )
= + + + + =
2 2
' 0 3 6 1 2 7 2 0 y x m x m m (1)
Hm s c cc i v cc tiu = ' 0 y c hai nghim phn bit
( ) ( )
A = + + + >
2
2
' 9 1 6 7 2 0 m m m
( )
>
2
3 8 1 0 m m
< v > + 4 17 4 17 m m
Ly y chia cho y, ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
= + + + +
2 3 2
1 2 2
1 . ' 8 1 5 3 2
3 3 3
y x m y m m x m m m
Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y l cc im cc tr ca th hm s th
1 2
, x x l nghim
ca (1)
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 92
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )

= + + + +

2 3 2
1 1 1 1
1
1 2 2
1 . ' 8 1 5 3 2
3 3 3
' 0
y x m y x m m x m m m
y x
( ) ( )
= + + + +
2 3 2
1 1
2 2
8 1 5 3 2
3 3
y m m x m m m
Tng t ta cng c:
( ) ( )
= + + + +
2 3 2
2 2
2 2
8 1 5 3 2
3 3
y m m x m m m
Vy ph
ng trnh
ng thng qua hai
im cc i v cc tiu l:
( ) ( )
= + + + +
2 3 2
2 2
8 1 5 3 2
3 3
y m m x m m m .
Bi 2. Cho hm s
+
=

2
8 x mx
y
x m
. Xc nh m hm s c cc tr, khi vit
phng trnh ng thng qua cc im cc i v cc tiu ca th hm s.
Hng dn:
Cch 1
Ta c:

= + +

2
2 8
2
m
y x m
x m
Tp xc nh:
, ,
= \ D m
o hm:
( )
+
=

2 2
2
2 8
'
x mx m
y
x m
- Hm s c cc i v cc tiu = ' 0 y hay
( )
= + =
2 2
2 8 0 g x x mx m (1)
c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x khc m
( )
A >

' 0
0 g m

>


+ =

2
2
2 8 0
2 8 0
m
m
< v > 2 2 m m (*)
- Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y l cc im cc tr ca th hm s th
1 2
, x x l
nghim ca (1)
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 93
Khi :

= +

2
1
2
2
2 8
' 0
2 8
x m m
y
x m m
To im A tho h:
( )


= + + = + + = + + = +

2
1
2 2
2
1 1 1 1 1
2
1
2 8
2 8 2 8
2 2 2 8 2
2 8
x m m
m m
y x m x m x m m m x m
x m
m


= +

2
1
1 1
2 8
2
x m m
y x m
Tng t ta cng c to ca B:

= +

2
2
2 2
2 8
2
x m m
y x m
Vy phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc tr l: = + 2 y x m
Cch2
- nh m hm s c cc i v cc tiu: < v > 2 2 m m
- To cc im cc tr tho h:

+ =

+
=


2 2
2
2 8 0
8
x mx m
x mx
y
x m
( )

+ =

+ + +

= =

2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 8 0
8 2 8
2
x mx m
x mx x mx m
x mx m
y
x m x m
( )( )
+ =

+
=


2 2
2 8 0
2
x mx m
x m x m
y
x m
( )

+ =


= + =

2 2
2 8 0
2
x mx m
y x m x m
= + 2 y x m l phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc i v cc tiu.
Cch 3
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 94
- nh m hm s c cc i v cc tiu: < v > 2 2 m m
- Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y l cc im cc tr ca th hm s th
1 2
, x x l
nghim ca (1)
t
( ) ( )
= + =
2
8, u x x mx v x x m
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
+
= = = = +
1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1
'
2
2
1 '
u x u x
x m
y y x m
v x v x
Tng t ta cng c: = +
2 2
2 y x m
Vy phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc tr l:
= + 2 y x m.
Bi 3. Tm m hm s
( )
3 2
1 8
2 10 7
3 3
y x x m x = + c cc i v cc tiu ,
ng thi cc im cc tr nm v hai pha ng thng.
Hng dn:
Hm s c cc
i v cc tiu
11
10
m < .
Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
20 22 20 22
; . 1 ; ; . 1
3 3
m m
A x x B x x
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .
l hai im cc tr ca
th hm s. A v B nm khc phc pha i vi ng thng : 1 0 x y A + + = khi v
ch khi
( ) ( )
( )( )
1 1 2 2
2
1 2
20 22 20 22
. 1 1 . 1 1 0
3 3
19
20 19 1
1 1 0
20
3 5
10 2 0
m m
x x x x
m m
x x m
m
| | | |
+ + + + + + <
| |
\ . \ .

| | =
+ + < <

|
\ .

<

BI TP T LUYN
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s :
a) = +
3 2
2 1 y x x x b) =
2 3
3 2 y x x c) = +
3 2
3 6 8 y x x x
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 95
d)
+
=
+
2
2 1
3
x x
y
x
e)

=

2
1
2
x x
y
x
Bi 2. Khi hm s c cc i, cc tiu, vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai
im cc tr ca th hm s:
a) = +
3 2 2 3
3 3( 1) y x mx m x m b)
+
=

2
6 x mx
y
x m
c) = + +
3 2 2
3( 1) (2 3 2) ( 1) y x m x m m x m m d)
+ +
=
+
2
2
1
x mx m
y
x m
Bi 3. Tm m hm s = + +
3 2
2 3( 1) 6( 2) 1 y x m x m x c ng thng i qua
hai im cc tr song song vi ng thng y = 4x + 1.
Bi 4. Tm m
( ) ( ) ( )
= + +
3 2
2 3 1 6 1 2 f x x m x m m x c C, CT nm trn
ng thng (d): y = 4x.
Hng dn:
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) | | ' = + + =
2
6 1 1 2 0 f x x m x m m

( ) ( ) ( )
= + + =
2
1 1 2 0 g x x m x m m
Hm s c C, CT
( )
= 0 g x c 2 nghim phn bit
( )
A = > =
2
1
3 1 0
3
g
m m
Thc hin php chia f (x) cho g(x) ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
= + +
2
2 1 3 1 1 1 2 f x x m g x m x m m m
Vi =
1
3
m th phng trnh
( )
= 0 g x c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
v hm s
y = f (x) t cc tr ti x
1
, x
2
.
Ta c:
( ) ( )
= =
1 2
0 g x g x nn suy ra
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
= = + = +
2 2
1 1 1 2 2
3 1 1 2 ; 3 1 1 2 y f x m x m m m y m x m m m
ng thng i qua C, CT l (A):
( ) ( )( )
= +
2
3 1 1 1 2 y m x m m m .
cc i, cc tiu nm trn ng thng (d): y = 4x th (A) (d)
LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 96

( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
,

+ =
=
=

=
=

2
3 1 2 3 1 2 0
3 1 4
1
1 1 2 0
1 1 2 0
m m
m
m
m m m
m m m
Bi 5. Cho hm s
3 2
3 3 1 y x x mx m = + + . Tm m hm s c hai cc tr, ng
thi ng thng i qua hai im cc tr to vi ng thng : 3 8 0 x y A + = mt
gc
0
45
Hng dn:
Bc 1: ng thng i qua hai im cc tr l
( )
2 1 1 y m x = +
Bc 2: S dng cng thc gc to bi hai ng thng
( )
( )
1 2
3
cos , os ,
4
2( )
m
d c n n
m l

A =

=


LUYN THI I HC CHT LNG CAO
Chuyn LTH Bin son: Trn nh C 97
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Trn nh C (2011). Bi ging luyn thi i hc cp tc chuyn hm s.
2. Trn S Tng (2011). Tuyn tp 200 cu kho st hm s.
3. Nguyn Ph Khnh, Nguyn Tt Thu (2006). Chuyn hm s
4. B thi i hc cc nm ca BGD v T
5. B thi th cc trng Bc
-Trung-Nam (2012).

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