ELEMENTS DER Psychophysics-02-Slovencina-Gustav Theodor Fechner

ELEMENTS
DER
Psychophysics
BY
GUSTAV THEODOR Fechner. Druh vyd nie !e"o "#eny.

Por d$ !ud%ce& pr'ce u(or )HRO*O +OG,)A+ Dcrs-e "o"n # v.e(-/ch &eho spisov.
DRUH AS.
LEIPZIG
T0 1 vyd v (e2s(vo OF Brei(-op3 4 H5r(e0
6 7889.
Obsah.
Pokraovan ! vonka"#$%h &s'%ho(') k'. *)or%! a )+v!r' &s'%ho,o- %k. ro)/!r. Predhovor - druhe& 1 s(i :,V V.eo!ecn ;hrnu(ie He<e0. * &d=0e>i(e&.ie v0 s(nos(i 0o< ri(#ov. :V. ? (e# (ic-/ po#ocn princ$p. :V, ;'-0 dn/ v"orec #er nie v"orec. :V,,. ? (e# (ic- odvodenie v"orc #er n$. :V,,,. *e< ($vny sen(i#en( ceni predov.e(-/#. ; s(%penie -on(r s(u #ed"i (ep0o#
" s(uden poci(. :,:. Re.pe-(u&(e @eiser priechod s(i#u0u poci(. ::. ;hrnu(ie poci(ov. ::,. Dis(ri!u1n po#ery poci(. ::,,. Ro"die0 #ed"i "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y -on(r s(n poci(y. ::,,,. Ro"die0 v"orec. ::,V Un(erschieds# A3or#e0. ::V. Ap0i-'cie Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 n odh de hvie"dnych ve2-os($. ::V,. B$# vy..i &e Un(erschieds# A3or#e0n. ::V,,.Die schopn v"orc . Ceho p0i-'ci n pos%denie -on.( n(n% chy!u v"D hov. ::V,,,.Be#er-un<en #e(Ed #er ni ci(0ivos(i. ::,: V"D h #ed"i -on(r s(n/ch vne#ov "'>i(-ov/#i s%#. :::. O('"- "'>i(-ov/#i v/ro!-ov. V"D h #ed"i v/.-y6 hr%!-y pr vide0n prv-u v (Ene s(upnice . :::,. ;ov.eo!ecnenie ? Aprin"ips poci(u. :::,,.Die osci0 1n podne(y v.eo!ecne. Po-us o "'-0 dn% -on.(ru-ciu op (reni poci(. F pred!e>n dis-usie. !F Gener'0ny prie!eh vy.e(rov ni . cF Preh2 d o pos#r(no# >ivo(e pou>iD #en'. dF rovnic pre -#i( ni &e <e3uA(6 n -(or ni>.ie. eF v"orcov v/s0ed-ov6 -(or vyp0/v &% " vy.e(rov ni . 3F odvodenie 3or#u0 . <F v.eo!ecne&.ie %v hy. 0&!% +,n! #123 ! na n !k1or.%h )+4 1kov./ ob,as1 a%h. :::,,,. O sve(0e "vu-u poci( vo v"D hu - se!e n v"'&o#. F V #ed"i ch vidi(e2nos(i 3 rie! pr$1in o!#ed"eni (e&(o vidi(e2nos(i. !F !ody dohody ro"die0u #ed"i "'>i(-ov/#i o!0 s(i sve(0 cF predpo-0 dy6 -(or s "d &% !yD nevyhnu(n vysve(0iD predch'd" &%ce !ody dohody ro"die0u. :::,V. O ro"si h0ych poci(y n &#5. :::V. *ie-(or T s(versuchsreihen #e(Edou prie#erne& chy!y s vysve(0en$# (oh(o sp=so!u. Prv/ pr$d vo-. Odvodenie opr vy v d=s0ed-u -one1nho m
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G. Adi($vne. Odvodenie opr vy v d=s0ed-u ve2-os(i in(erv 0ov. *n21orn5 &s'%ho(') k'. :::V,. Prechod " von- &.e& do vn%(orne& psycho3y"i-y. :::V,,. S$d0o du.e. F s$d0o du.e v .ir.o# s0ov "#ys0e. !F s$d0o du.e v u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e. cF o('"- 6 &ednoduch' 0e!o predH>iD I%"-yF po&#e du.u. dF o('"- ro".$reni o!rovs- du.e sed d0 . eF ;hrnu(ie "'ver. :::V,,,.J!er(r <un< pr'v @e!er :+. Sp'no- !denie. :+,. Bi s(o1n sp'no-K Po"or. :+,,. V"D h #ed"i v.eo!ecn/# vedo#$# &eho "v0'.(nych & vov. V"or v0ny. :+,,,. V"D h #ed"i "#ys0ov/# preds( vivosD & vov. :+,V. Pripo#ien-y po"n'#-y o v"D hu #ed"i poLo!r "y p #5Dov/ch o!r "ov v &edno(0iv/ch & vov "#ys0ovho p #5(i6 h 0ucin'cie6 i0%"ie6 sny. F P #5(i o!r "y poLo!r "y vo v"D hu - se!e n v"'&o#. !F Erinnerun<sn ch!i0der. cF & vy "#ys0ovho p #5(e re -1n & vy in(u$ciou pohy!ov. eF V.eo!ecn %v hy. 3F *ie-o2-o po"n'#o- - snov. :+V. Psycho#o(oric- -on(inui(y dis-on(inui(y. Psycho#o(oric- S(u3en! u sve(. Body s psychophysics pr$rodne& 3i0o"o3ie n'!o>ens(v . :+V,. O('"- pov hy psychophysic 0 pohy!u. H s1or %k5 a &r$s,6#!ns1vo. :+V,,. His(oric-'. :+V,,,. Pr$s dy. F n'vrhu dod (-u6 v MN. - pi(o0e (es(e. !F EO(r ce" nie-(or v psycho3y"i-yL!iD ned'vne& vy.e(rov nie He0#ho0(". 3 -(u pr hu vo vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-y. :::,:. Gener'0ny v/"n # pr hu vo vn%(orno# psycho3y"i-y
Pr!3hovor k 3r6h!" as1 .

V.eo!ecn Pred!e>n po"n'#-y v preds0ove - prve& 1 s(i6 pov >u&e# " u>i(o1n prid D ne& - pries-u#n po"n'#-y (/- &%ce s o!s hu (e&(o druhe& 1 s(i "v0'.D.
Rovn -/ o!s hu&e L n ro"die0 od his(oric-e& - pi(o0y6 v -(or/ch so# s precedensy6 p=vod prechod " (/ch(o .(%di$ !o0i h0'sen nie-(or dop0n-y re<is(er (er#$nov pou>i(/ch v (o#(o do-u#en(e6 nov/ch 0e!o .peci'0ne de3inov n/ch pod#ieno- L do (roch h0 vn/ch odde0en$P 7F V"orce Po0<erun<en du.evn/ ro"#er6 GF od!orn .(%die o nie-(or/ch "#ys0ov/ch o!0 s($6 MF vn%(orn psycho3y"i-y. Prv/ " (/ch(o 1 s($ o!s hu&e v pods( (e 0en # (e# (ic-% repre"en('ciu prepo&enie (oho6 1o eOis(u&e6 "'-onov s-u(o1nosDou v prve& 1 s(i6 &e pre(o 3y"io0E<ovi psycho0E<ovi pon%- &% >i dny nov/ vecn/ o!s h. Tie> !ude pr vdepodo!ne >i d D o poh2 d n # sov/ch v"or-'ch6 -(or s% " hrnu( v (o#(o odde0en$6 -(or &e nie-edy ( - v0 s(ne vyhr 0. So# s(ru1ne n 1r(0 v (o#(o s#ere &edn/# " h0 vn/ch v"orcov6 v"orec #er nie v !ode 7Q pre6 ne!ude ch/! D os( (n v"orce od- "ov D n p0i-'cie6 -(or s2u!u&%6 0e!o ude2u&% u>.T ->e d D dis(ri!u1n/ch v"orcov poci( v - pi(o0e G7 n nie-(or " u&$# v "'very pr$0e>i(os(i6 p0i-'cie Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 s% pre odh d hvie"dnych ve2-os($ schopn/ch v"orcov pre pos%denie v"D hov -on.( n(n% chy!u v .peci'0nych - pi(o0 IGR GSF s% dis-u(ov n6 ro"0$.enie6 1o v - p. Bo0 d n' MN h'd n-u o-('vy v hudo!ne& (eErii6 #=>e sn'T # D oso!i(n/ "'u&e# n'ro-u. A0e h0 vn/ "'u&e#6 -(or/ s( vi n (/ch(o v"orcov6 (er " "os('v (eore(ic-'6 " v'd" s-=r vynech n% &edno op (renie nie0en pre &ednoduch poci(y6 0e & pre " s(%penie 3un-1n/ch v"D hov uveden/ch v prih0'.-e vidieD (o is(6 s% princ$py 0ie1!y (e&(o (#y ove2 d=0e>i(e&.ie ne> v"orcov6 -(or s% .peci'0ne pr$p dy up0 (Uov ni "'s d. ;'s dy6 -o v - p. Q6 S6 786 GG6 MN6 M7 MG vy..ie6 &e (ie> pr vdepodo!n6 >e pre # (e# (i-y (rochou "ru1nos(i v &eho prie!ehu pod2 ich pods( (y6 ich >ivo(nosD &e " 0o>en' n (rv n0ivos(i !odov uveden/ch v (o#(o n'u-e P$s# . A-o v"orcov6 #=>u !yD s('0e pred#e(o# r="nych "#ien. To6 >e ( -6 -o s% (u u#ies(nen6 v. de s% 0en pri!0i>n6 ( - d0ho6 -o !ude(e chcieD uro!iD v o!0 s(i von- &.e& psycho3y"i-y &u pou>$v D6 u> so# ( - uvied0 vo v/.-e v %vode (e&(o 1 s(i6 "dvihni(e ho "novu (u s .peci'0ny#i "'v >i von. Tie(o v"orce !ud% vy> dov D r="ne "#ys0ov #od 0i(y6 (o & pre r="ne druhy pou>i(i "#ys0ov v r="nych #odi3i-'ci'ch opr v'ch6 0e & v pr$p de6 >e u> !o0i s( noven s v51.ou is(o(ou -o v 1 se6 -eT veci v v.eo!ecno# spr cov nie (#y ne#oho0 n'&sD #ies(o (u (o nie0en pre(o6 >e !y # 0 !yD pre r="ne o!0 s(i P 7F 6 0e & pre(o6 >e !y #use0i u-on1iD pre vn%(orn psycho3y"i-y spo0o1n -r &ine v=!ec.A0e & n von- &.ie (/#(o eOperi#en('0nych psychophysics6 pod2 #=&ho n'"oru6 v"orce (u uveden "os( D presne n (o6 1o T 0.ieho ro"vo& presne&.ie ur1enie # (e# (ic-e& 1 s(i v/u1!y sen"'ci #us$ " vi " D6 rovn -o -o v"h2 do# - vn$# niu sve(0 6 v pos0edne& do!e u> dosi hnu(/ po-ro-6 -(or/ so# # D n p #5(i6 pr$s0u.ens(vo6 n o" & s s n$# s%vis$.
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A- chce(e u-'" D6 >e @e!erVv "'-on vo svo&e& p0i-'cii n ci(0ivosD ro"die0o# v h#o(nos(i po Th ,6 s 79S GNN6 odch/0- n do0no# pr ho#6 -(or/ s -on' n %rovne osve(0eni v "'vis0os(i n W( ,6 s 7QR nie &e (o is( pov hu6
!ude vy> dov D in% %v hy vo v"or-'ch " von- &.$ch psychophysics s v"D hu&e (/#.
S-u(o1nosD6 >e so# d 0 n n &d=0e>i(e&.$ch v"orcov .peci'0nych n'"vov6 #=>e#e sn'T vinu -o n'ro1n/ (ri-K v s-u(o1nos(i6 - vo v.e(-/ch # (e# (ic-/ch vy.e(rov n$ !y # 0 !yD - >d/ v"orec "v0'.(ne #eno d ne&6 # (e# (i- 1os-oro -on-urov D s !o( ni-y "oo0E<ie !oh (s(vo n'"vovK 0e v #noh/ch sp5(ne& v5"!y s (/- 6 #use0 so# s n h0 vn/ch v"orcov6 !ud%cnosD inde !ude (rv D6 po-i 2 (u uveden v/u1! pre!ieh 6 n'&de(e (% v/hodu6 >e s(ru1nosD u-0 d nie re3erenci$ ( -(o "$s- n/ch nie &e " ned! (e2n'. Druh' 1 sD #=>e 2 h-o d D pr$0e>i(osD s p/( D6 pre1o nie-(or o!&e-(y " ch'd" D do ( -/ch podro!nos($ v Uo#6 ( - ve2 vec$6 -(or !y # 0i rovn' (vrdeniu6 -(or # &% !yD spr cov n v psychophysics6 &e %p0ne i<norov n/. ?o& odpoveT &e &ednoduch'. Sn >i0 so# s " o!ch'd" D s o!&e-(#i6 n -(or !o0o " (u pre"en(ov n 0e-ciu " vrh &% nov sve(0o 0e!o &eho 0ie1!e %1inne " si ho0 do <ener'0neho (%(o do-(r$nu ( - d=-0 dne6 -o (o !o0o #o>n6 pre #U 6 -o pre (o p$s D o(vorene o ce0-u u> nesie ch r -(er vy.e(rov ni -o u1e!nic K veri06 n vy.e6 >e !y s(e #i vedieD6 nie6 vT - 6 (u "nov o!& viD inde spr cov n - pi(o0y 3y"io0E<ie 3y"i-y "nov . Ce nesporn6 #o>no vypo1$( D " ur1i(ho h2 dis- ce0/ nervE"ny u1enie "#yse0 do-(r$n v(i hnu($ do psychophysics6 pr vdepodo!ne 3y"io0E<ie 3y"i-y v ich s('0e r s(%ce& #iere6 (er " do2 v -o oso! s #os( (ne "'ro!-ovo (vor$ psychophysics nie-(or/ch prihr ni1n/ch o!0 s(i ch6 -(or e.(e vy(i hnuD v ich o!0 s(iK 0e v>dy (o !ude 0ep.ie pre ('(o do-(r$n s spo0ieh D n (ie6 prid D - ni#6 -o op -ov D. * pre"en('ciu ne& -ho T s(versuchsreihen v druhe& div$"ii ?'# do-on1enie vor<rei30iche (oho6 1o !o0o poved n v prvo# die0e o sp=so!e prie#erne& chy!y6 -o n nie-(or/ch #ies( ch spo&en/chK Asi !ude# #usieD !yD viden/ 1i vere&nosD !ude v>dy # D dos( (o1n/ "'u&e# v ce0o# -ruhu (/ch(o .(%di$6 0e i! X#e(Edy #er ni X6 n -(or so# 3rYherhin od- "ov D po#ocou de( i0u #e(Ed od- " !y # 0 !yD (ie> v #noh/ch oh2 doch !yD schopn/6 !y (o vy"er 0o. V (re(e& 1 s(i6 d 0o !y s h2 d D #'rne -o#p0e(n/ do!re " o!0en sys(#u vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-yK V.e(-y " h0 vn/ch o!0 s($6 -(or s% r " denne do ne& ch/! . H0 vne (o !o0o pr've v s%1 sne& do!e ro!iD v$D "s(vo v.eo!ecn spe-(y pre rovn -/ vs(up po1i (o1n !ody v rovn -/ch #ies( ch6 " -(or/ch &e #o>n v/s-u# o pes(ov n$ v/s0ed-ov. A- s ne#/0i#6 nes% ($6 -(or$ s% u#ies(nen v 1e0e vn%(orn/ch psychophysics I)h MQ6 MS6 M86 M9F6 (en(o "n -6 (u so# s -0'sD d=r " n princ$py. ; prevedeni ch6 v -(or/ch so# s sn >i06 so# vynech D pos(upne vi c vi c6 & dnes v'# > pr$0i. ve2 6 ne> !y d 0i pr$0i. #'0o. A0e (o6 1o # 0o !yD n p dnu('6 !y u-'" 06 >e &e schopn/ %(o-u6 !y s (ie> # 0o !yD #o>n nie-(or !ody " %(o-u n hr diD vhodne&.$#i (y nie-(or %(o-y ce" "ru1n/ presved1iv/#i v !ud%cnos(i. ; (oh(o poh2 du6 p/( # s po"rieD n nie-o2-o po"orov n$ vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-y. T ->e &e sche# (ic- "n'"ornenie nie-(or " n &1 s(e&.$ch n &d=0e>i(e&.$ch psychoL3y"i-'0nych pod#ieno-6 -(or so# vyu>i0i n &#5 n ZG. ZR.
- pi(o0y ur1i(e& s(r ne i! &eden "'!er " druhe& n'hr dn. Pov >u&e# (o " " s(upov nie !yD u>i(o1n6 (o & pre ve2#i u>i(o1n6 in - eOis(u&e v (o#(o s#ere pr'"dno(y op -K 0e #us$ (en(o r'#ec r " n p0n$ s( novenie6 >e n'hr d !ude n hr den/ pri #y# repre"en('cie6 -(or' &e "odpovedn' " (o6 > (er ". Pre (/ch6 -(or/ch "'u&e# &e predov.e(-/# e#piric-'6 (en(o "v5"o- o!s hu&e 0en si MZ.6 MR. ZZ. - pi(o0e ne& -/ nov/ e#piric-/ # (eri'0. Po"orov nie n -on(r s(n/ po#er6 pri -(oro# W( ,,6 - p. Bo0 odvo0'v 0 s n GZ6 !o0i6 1i s(o1ne pre(o6 >e ne!o0i %p0ne upr vi0 1i s(o1ne [ve vyhr 0 nie1o ve2-ho ro"s hu6 ne#=>u n'&sD v51.$ pries(or (u6 0e s% %p0ne rovn - s (ou(o - pe0ou v spr'v ch SA)HS soc. 78QN6 pod n dpiso# Xn -on(r s(e poci(.X T$6 n -(or s v"D hu&e !ohu>i 2 ne%spe.n/ v srdci6 n's0edn vy#enov nie6 T. ,,6 s 7SZ v poh2 de6 d=0e>i( -us(ic-/ eOperi#en( A& o"n'#iD v pr$s d'ch6 -(or (ie> o!s hu&% od- " n nie-(or/ch ned'vnych d=0e>i(/ch vy.e(rov n$ He0#ho0(". A- chce(e6 ( - #=>e(e -o dop0no- - (o#u(o do-u#en(u6 !ude 1os-oro "vere&nen/6 po"rieD s n o!s h nie-(or/ch s-or.$ch spisov 1i s(o1ne resY#ierende6 1i s(o1ne ro".iru&e6 # 0 popu0'rne s('0e p$s D Xce" du.u o('"-uX6 -(or' pr$(o#n v - pi(o0e ZR p$s#o n "'ver s(ru1ne uveden vyh0i d-y6 -(or o(v'r &% do o!0 s(i n'!o>ens(v pr$rodne& 3i0o"o3ie "o spo0o1nho ver"ii psychophysics o.e(ren/ch. Body poh2 du6 " -(orho &e vy-on n6 !e" (oho6 !y s d=r "o# n 3or#u sp=so!iD presnos(i6 -(or' (u nie &e dosD pr vdepodo!n6 presn6 0e s% ( - !0$"-o6 -o (o u#o>Uu&e pov h %0oh n .ich #o>nos($ po"n ni od (e& do!y6 & so# i# " ?en' princ$pov s-%senos(i viery presne chce0 3or#u0ov D. Ter "6 -eT u> # 0i -o (eo0o<ic-/ 3i0o"o3ic-/ poh2 d n sve( od (e& do!y s po(e.iD v ich ro"pore pro(i (er " prev >u&%ci spo0o1n/ pre o! 6 >i dn oso!i(n' od!orov An-0 n<es -(or/ch "hrnu0 n'"ory6 0en #=>e d%3 D6 >e ( - #'0o6 -o "is(enie s-oro6 #=>e !yD 0e " dis-usi$ ZR. ZQ(h - pi(o0 (e&(o pr'ce 2 h-o preh0i dnuD s-u(o1nosD6 >e s% pr've o1 -'v ni dereins(i<en cie2 n "'-0 de "'s d P$s# ro"vo&ov/ch psycho3y"i-y. *e!ude(e v.eo!ecne !e" ro".irov nie duchovnho S(u3en! u sve( o dnes pri& (/ch hr nice6 prehH!iD "v/.iD. Hovor$# (o & -eT s presved1en$#6 >e odpor sp5D 1 s -on D pro(i ( -/#(o v/h2 do# n " 10enenie (/ch(o psychophysics6 -(or/ nesie rovn - -o "'very v "'rod-u v6 0e rovn -o ( - s presved1en$#6 >e (en(o odpor n pevn/ "'-0 d !ud%ci v/vo& (e&(o do-(r$ny s n -oniec "0yh'. +ips-o6 78.sep(e#!r 78QN.
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Contribuu a millorar la traducci
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Vy si (o is(6 o-re# inho v )ourno(Vv v y Trait des fonctions (I. str. 19.) vysve(0i0 "d=r "ni0 .peci'0ny#i 1in- #i.
Ro"svie(i o!0 sD v dvo&i(e& v"di 0enos(i i! s _ in(en"i(y6 -o &e v &ednoduch/ch v"di 0enos(i. T ->e in(en"i( osve(0eni s n ce0/ nie " &ednoduche&6 0e n n'#es($ po#erov v"di 0enosD sve(0 od osve(0enho povrchu. A0e &e (o 0en #' # 0/ posun sve(0 v o-u6 ( ->e "#en osve(0eni "#eniD v"di 0enosD ne!ude s('D n n'#es($6 0e &ednoduch v"D hy6 0e !y -v dr (ic-/ v"D h " se ( - do(er " (vrdi0 ne> dvo&n'so!o- sve(0 v"di 0enos(i "#enu osve(0eni pre d n/ &e # 0/6 #en.$ ne> +ich(verrYc-un< s &ednoduch/# sve(0o v"di 0enos(i. V.eo!ecn n -oniecP v"D h #us$ "#eniD6 ;u\Ychse dv "'vis0 n se!e spo&i(/ch pre#enn/ch6 n s0edu&e -on.( n(n v/s(upn hodno(y n 0e!o v -e&-o2ve- 1 s(i ve2-os(i ch6 pre&di(e n se! v/r "ne v po#ere -o d0ho -o oni "os( n% ve2#i # 0/6 &eho6 -o & "$s- D v"'&o#n% "'vis0osD #ed"i ve2-osDou -o &e6 -o2-o prie!eh 0e!o v ce0/ch ve2-os(i ch pre v51.ie die0y s #=>u 0$.iD od "'-onov proporcion 0i(y. To(o s nes#ie " !%d D6 >e6 " (i 2 1o n - >de& v/"n #ne& "#eny v dvoch ve2-os(i ch6 -(or s0edu&e d no# v/s(upn/ch hodn=( $sD pri #o %#ern' - se!e n v"'&o#6 -o d0ho -o oni s% s('0e ve2#i # 06 0e ve2-osD po#er (/ch(o "#ien re3eren1n/ch !odov s #=>e ve2#i 0$.iD v "'vis0os(i po s0edu&e rovn - (oho 1i onoho v/s(upn hodno(y6 0e!o v (o 1i ono p (r$ - se!e die0y o!och ve2-os($6 s (vrdi0o6 -o u> !o0o spo#enu( v pos0edn/ch pr$-0 doch vysve(0enie. aeT s nie-(o sp/( 6 1o s n "/v ve2#i # 0' v (o# princ$peb L Ve2#i # 0/6 0e (o &e v.e(-o re0 ($vne L ( - T 0e&6 v. - s('0e "os('v neis(o( &e "v/.iD n s0edu&%ce
vysve(0enie v re1i princ$peP Ce #o>n6 !y s - se!e ich 1 s(i ( - # 06 v - >do# pr$p de6 >e "'-on o %#ernos(i #ed"i e.(e #en.ie V/r "ne ich 1 s(i s%1 s(iK 0e!o6 - &e v/r " n'p dne s('0e o!s hu&e neur1i(osD6 -(or &e (voren do (e& #iery6 >e ('(o odch/0- -0esne pod po> dov n% hr nicu. A-o # 06 >e s%6 0e !y s 6 &e n &edne& s(r ne6 n 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i pre#enn/#i6 n druhe& s(r ne6 " -(or/ch &eden proOi#'cii po(re!y dv s% v.eo!ecn pr vid0o. cp0n% pr vdu s #o"re&#e6 &e proporcion 0i( 6 n ro"die0 od spe"i 0en pr$p doch6 0en v ne-one1ne # 0e& 1 s(i6 (o "!0$>enie v51.i 6 1$# vi c s !0$>i ne-one1ne # 0. Oni # 0i ose#6 -(or vy& dri0 princ$p nie0en n -on-r(ny "'vis0osD #ed"i d n/#i pre#enn/#i6 0e & n -on-r(ne pov he (/ch(o pre#enn/ch6 (ed o!&e-(y6 n -(or s us( noveni ve2-osD o!do!ie pou>i(ie6 0e &e vi " n/ i! n v.eo!ecn/ po&e# nepre(r>i(ho ve2-os(i "'vis0osD. A- (ed n'&de s( !i0n ve2-osD "'vis0osD6 pre(o>e (o p0 ($. A0e (er " &e (u &edn #ed"i ve2-osDou s(i#u0 1n/# ve2-os(i pred poci(o#. Vie#e6 >e do(er " nepos-y(u&e >i dne -on-r(ne po#er6 pod2 -(orho poci( #en$ v "'vis0os(i n s(i#u0 1n/# %1in-o#6 - ne#'#e s(upeU ci(0ivos(iK 0e vie#e6 >e (en poci( "#eny -on.( n(y v "'vis0os(i n %1in-u s(i#u0 1n6 >e vn$# nie sve(0 6 "vu-ov/ "'>i(o- s "vy.u&e "ni>u&e pod2 (oho6 -o 3y"ic- vp0yvo# sve(0 6 "vuovp0yvUu&% vos-y u!%d 6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 " -/ch o-o0nos($6 (o &e dos( (o1n6 n'.#u princ$pe !y s n U v"D hu&%. ?=>e#e (ed s is(o(ou poved D ve(uP "#eny vn$# ni s% "#eny vo ve2-os(i s(i#u0 1nho v/r "ne v po#ere ( - d0ho6 -/# (ie(o "#eny "os( n% n o!och s(r n'ch ve2#i # 0/. Predpo-0 d &#e n pr$-0 d6 dve "'v >i ne& -/ # 0/ ro"die06 (o &e vn$# n s ur1i(ou si0ou6 in(en"i( 6 & snos(i6 ( ->e #o>no poved D6 pod2 n'.ho princ$pu6 >e dv -r'( ( - ve2-/ ro"die06 n's0edne rovn -% ve2-osD -o v/s(upn v/r "ne dv -r'( ( - ve2-/ vn$# n' (ro&i(/ -o n'p dne (ri-r'( v51.i K 0e (o "os( ne 0en pevn'6 pre(o>e ro"die0 v h#o(nos(i &e s('0e # 0/6 -(or/ nevy0u1u&e6 >e rovn -' v'hov/ ro"die0 #ed"i h#o(nosDou r="ne& ve2-os(i s ve2#i od0i.n/#i hodno( #i &e vn$# n/6 1o # (e# (ic-/ princ$p neu- "u&e6 v. -6 (u @e!er X"'-on n vy.e doch'd" "o s(r ny s-%senos($. Pri #y eOperi#en('0ny d=- "6 >e (o#u ( - &e6 #=>e(e s p/( D6 pre(o>e s-=r %0oh pre ur1enie ve2-os(i "'vis0osD #ed"i podne(o# poci(u v "#ys0e # (e# (ic-/ch princ$pov6 pou>i(ie6 !e" oh2 du n v.e(-o eOperi#en(ov D p0 (n6 # (e# (ic- princ$py ve2-os(i "'vis0os(i6 pre -(or po1u0 0en "#ieni06 predpo-0 d' &eho v0 s(n. *epri #y d=- " pou>i(e2nos(i (e&(o "'s dy do psycho0o<ic-/ch pre#enn/ch6 0e #o>no n'&sD v (o#6 >e pou>$v rovn -% " veden% v"D h #ed"i du.evn/#i 3y"ic-/#i ve2-os($ - ich v/-0 du6 s (er " " #eri #e n "'>i(-ov !e\5hr! ren v/s0ed-y vedie6 -o !ude uveden v Tr c- .
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Be" (oho6 !y e.(e # D ur1i(% #ieru poci(u6 #=>e(e si 0e "ru.enie "#0uvy @e!erov "'-on pr$p de6 >e poci( ro"die0 "os('v rovn -/6 -eT re0 ($vn podne( ro"die0 "os('v rovn -/6 (o od=vodnen # (e# (ic- po#ocn princ$pe (vrdenie6 >e
# 0 E#p3indun<s"u\Ychse Rei""u\Ychsen $sD ne%#erne " s(%pen v spo&en$ s os(r/# # (e# (ic-ho v/r "u. Predpo-0 d &#e6 >e6 rovn -o -o v po-usoch n pro! 1ne& pr'v @e!er &e v.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# podne(#i6 0e!o (o6 1o &e rovn -6 hovor$6 >e pr$r s(o- n podne(y !o0 ve2#i # 0' v po#ere - (e&(o. Podne(6 -u -(or#u pr$r s(os de&e6 hor%ci 6 # 0/ pr$r s(o- v hor%co# d , , -de p$s#eno d ne#' !yD pov >ov n/ " ur1i(e& ve2-os(i6 0e i! -o "n #enie6 >e D # 0o# pr$r s(-u n &eK (er " #=>e(e pre#/.2 D o di3erenci'0nych "n -ov. To "n #en'6 >e re0 ($vn Rei""u\uchs . Poci( n druhe& s(r ne6 n podne(y "'vis$ hor%ce , # 0/ pr$r s(o- poci(6 -(or/6 -eT r s( s(i#u0 d &e (voren/6 hor%ci d , -de d op5D 0en &e (re! ch'p D -o o"n 1enie # 0/ch ;u\uchses. d d &e #ys0ieD n &edno(-u svo&ho druhu6 -(or/ &e svo&vo2n/6 so s$d0o# - >d/.
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Po-i 2 ide o s SL7Z. Rev$"i p 78G 33 Psych ? Aprin"ipien6 s 799 3 A!nor#'0ne in(erpre('ci 3or#u0'ci "'-on @e!er ide viT s(r 7Z 33 rev$"ie s(r.79Z s(r.GG7 33 Psych ? Aprin"ipien6 S 7QG e( sed.
Po(o#6 1o "'-on s-%senos(n @e!erVv "os('v d -on.( n(n/6 -eT "os('v -on.( n(n'. -(or !so0%(ne hodno(y & d predpo-0 d DK v s%0 de s a priori p0 (n # (e# (ic- po#ocn Prin"ip "os('v &% "#eny d d %#ern' - se!e6 - s% s('0e ve2#i # 0. O!e pod#ien-y #=>u !yD v s%vis0os(i vy& dren n s0edu&%cou rovnicou I7F -de K Ipre "'vis0 n &edno(ie-6 -(or # &% !yD vy!r nF &e -on.( n(n'. V s-u(o1nos(i6 vyn'so!$#e d (o -o s svo&vo2n6 0e v>dy o! & s rovn -/#i 1$s0 #i6 ( ->e po#er "os('v ne"#enen/6 pre(o (ie> poci(6 ro"die0 d -on.( n(n/. To &e "'-on n @e!er . ?=>e(e "dvo&n'so!iD6 s s(ro&n'so!$ hodno(u "#eny d s'#6 !e" po1i (o1ne& hodno(y "#eniD6 ( ->e "#en s d n dvo&i(6 (ro&i( hodno(y. To &e # (e# (ic-/ princ$p. Rovnice 6 -(or' &e dosD "'roveU6 >e pr'vo (en(o princ$pK >e >i dne in rovnic spHU o!o&e dohro# dy. ? 0o !y !yD n "/v n/ "'-0 dn/ v"orec (/#6 >e deriv'( v.e(-/ch T 0.$ch n s0edu&%cich v"orcov !ud% " 0o>en n (o#. ;'-0 dn/ v"orec &e s('0e e.(e nie &e #er d0o# ci(0ivos(i dopredu6 0e (ie> nie &e pos-y(nu(' ( -'6 0e i! po(0 1en " pr'vneho v"D hu6 -(or/ #' #ed"i # 0% re0 ($vnu Rei""u\Ychsen E#p3indun<s"u\Ychsen #ies(o. Ce (o s0ovo6 ni1 vi c6 ne> -o#!inov D v &edno# v/r "e @e!erov "'-on # (e# (ic- po#ocn princ$pe # (e# (ic- sy#!o0y.
;'0e>$ n (o#6 s (/#(o v"orco# pod2 nep (rnho s%1(o# T 0.ie spo0o1ne6 1o preds( vov 0 ce0-ov/ v"D h ve2-os(i #ed"i von Rei""u\Ychsen6 ve2-os(i s(i#u0 1nho6 "hrnu0 " E#p3indun<s"u\Ychsen6 poci( Ve2-osD vypr cu&e6 ( -6 >e presnosD prvho v"orc ni>.ie ?i(vor usse("un< s-u(o1nosD6 pr h so0id ri(y "'roveU presnosD &e uveden/ -o pos0edn/. S v/hr dou n's0edn podro!ne&.ie odvodenie po"er'# predov.e(-/# n -on(eO( o!och v"orcov6 !y s s #i ch'p D v.eo!ecne -o n s0edu&e. e h-o #o>no v.i#n%D6 >e v"D h #ed"i ;u\Ychsen d d "odpoved' "'-0 dn/ v"orec v"D hu #ed"i 0o< ri(#o# ;u\Ychsen ;u\Ychsen spo&en' 1$s0o. ?=>e s'#6 -o 2 h-o6 (o !uT " (eErie 0e!o " p ne0ov6 presved1iD6 ( ->e 0o< ri(#y r s(% o rovn -% su#u6 - nie &e "odpoved &%ce 1$s0 r s(% o rovn -% su#u6 0e v pr$p de6 >e rovn -/ r s( o rovn po#ere v"or- K ,n/#i s0ov #i6 ;u\Ychse 0o< ri(#y "os( D rovn -% ve2-osD6 -eT &e re0 ($vn ; h0en"u\Ychse "os('v &% rovn - ve2-os(i. Achce(e " hrn%D n pr$-0 d n s0edu&%ce 1$s0 0o< ri(#y dohro# dyP B$s0o. +o< ri(#us. 7N 7.NNNNNN 77 7.NZ7M9GS 7NN G.NNNNNN G.NZ7M9GS 77N M6NNNNNN 7.NNN 77NN M.NZ 0M9GS pod2 -(orho "v/.enie po1(u 7NL76 " s > ( - ve2-/ n'r s( "odpoved &%ce 0o< ri(#u nesie6 -o 1$s0o 7NNL7N 1$s0o 7NNN o 7NN6 &e v. de ( #6 -de 0o< ri(#ic-/ pr$r s(oN6NZ7M9GS.Tie>6 $sD6 !o0 veden/ -o pred(/# vysve(0iD po#ocn "'s dy6 >e # (e# (ic-/ ;u\Ychse " 0o< ri(#ov 1$se0 ;u\Ychsen proporcion'0ny6 ( - d0ho6 -/# s('0e ve2#i # 0'. Pre(o #=>e#e poved D6 >e (o p0 ($ pre ;u\Ychse " 0o< ri(#u 1$s0 s% v po#ere - se!e n v"'&o# ce0-o# -o "'-on @e!er # (e# (ic- po#ocn "'s dy6 -o pre ;u\Ychse poci(u podr'>denie. Rovn -o ( - s-u(o1nosD6 >e pr h &e vo v"D hu #ed"i 0o< ri(#o# po1(u doce0 -o (vrdi06 -o vo v"D hu #ed"i poci(o# podne(ov. Sens (ion " 1ne s hodno( #i pres hu&%ci#i hodno(u nu0 6 nie n nu0ov% hodno(u6 0e v -one1ne& hodno(y s(i#u0u6 pr hov hodno(y6 ( - " 1$n 0o< ri(#us hodno(y pres hu&%ce hodno(u nu0 6 nie n nu0ov hodno(y 1$se06 0e -one1ne& hodno(y 1$se06 hodno( 7 v pr$p de6 >e 0o< + &e nu0 . S('0 (er " n predch'd" &%cu ;u\Ychse ci(u . r#6 so "odpoved &%ci#i po#ery6 ne> -(or 0o< ri(#u 1$s0 6 &e (ie> !od6 od " 1i (-u6 !y s n poci( "n (e2n hodno(y v "odpoved &%co# v"D hu - podne(y6 -o !od "$s- D 0o< ri(#y -0 dn/ch hodn=(6 n 1$s0o6 !ude s d 0o predpo-0 d D6 >e & poci( podr'>denie s% e.(e v "odpoved &%co# po#ere6 -o 0o< ri(#us po1(u6 -o s% (ie6 -(or #=>u !yD pov >ov n " s%1(y n's0edn ;u\Ychsen. Po(o#6 1o !y (o !o0o n &&ednoduch.ie v"D h #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# 6 #=>e#e n s( viD6
] 0o< .
V s-u(o1nos(i chce0 vidieD hneT6 >e s vr'(i n 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i dvo# v (e&(o &ednoduche& 3or#e pod v/!ero# vhodn/ch &edno(ie- s(i#u0u poci(. ; (i 2 (o nie &e n &!e>ne&.ie6 -(or #o>no pos( viD6 0e 0en " predpo-0 du ur1i(/ch &edno(ie- poci(u podne(ov6 nes-=r6 v p0 (nos(i6 po> dov D (o6 1o pri #o s(ri-(n " predch'd" &%ce nepri #e nie s(ri-(n odvodenie. Od!orn$- n o- #>i(e vidieD6 -o &e (o s ro!$6 -(or/ &e 0ie1en/ in(e<ru&e "'-0 dn/ v"orec -o di3erenci'0ne& rovnice. V (e&(o - pi(o0e n'&de(e (o(o !o0o vy-on nK Tu s predpo-0 d'6 >e !ude ro!iD6 n (/ch6 -(or$ ne#=>u s0edov D &ednoduch ne-one1ne deriv'(6 (vrdenie pri& D v/s0edo- -o # (e# (ic-/ 3 -(. Ten(o v/s0edo- &e n s0edu&%ce 3un-cie v"orec #ed"i podne(o# poci(o#6 -(or/ nesie n'"ov #er nie v"orce &e (er " n prero-ov nieP
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V (o#(o v"orci6 k e op5D &edn " vy!r n/ch &edno(ie- s%1 sne v "'vis0os(i n 0o< ri(#ic-/ch sys(#och6 -on.( n(n/6 b 6 druh' -on.( n( 6 pr hov' hodno( s(i#u0u6 -(or/ o"n 1u&e6 -de poci( " 1ne #i"ne. Po uveden v n s0edu&%ce& - pi(o0e6 odvodenie v"orc neus('0e p'dy K s -on.( n(n/# K dohro# dy "'-0 dn v"orce6 - &eden pou>$v prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ovK Av. -6 pri pou>i($ !e>n/ch 0o< ri(#y K ] kM &e #ies(o6 -de M &e #odu0 spo0o1nho 0o< ri(#ic-e& sys(#u v "#ys0e u> uvedene&6 &e. Pod2 (vrdeni 6 >e n ro"die0 0o< ri(#ov dvoch 1$se0 &e 0o< ri(#us ich podie0 &e n hr di(e2n/ IviT - p. 7ZF6 &e #o>n pre vy..ie uveden 3or#y #er nie v.eo!ecnho v"orc i6 n &vhodne&.ie pre odvodenie "'verov n'hr du
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; (e&(o podo!e (o-y6 -(or poci( ve2-osD nie &e ( - &ednoduch 3un-cie hodno(y s(i#u0u , 0e &eho v"D h - pr hov/ch hodn=( b, &e #ies(o6 -de " 1$n poci( "#en.$ "o!r "enie.T'(o re0 ($vn hodno( s(i#u0 !y # 0 v !ud%cnos(i !yD n "/v n/ "'-0 dn s(i#u0 1n hodno( 0e!o "'-0 dn' hodno( s(i#u0u. Pre0o>en do s0ov6 &e #er nie v"orecP *!<kos= )/'s,! > ; "! v &o/!r! n ! na abso,21n!" v!<kos1 s1 /6,6 > ;? a,! na ,o-ar 1/' v!<kos1 s1 /6,6? k!3' 1+1o "!ho &rahov2 ho3no16 > b ;? 1"? 4! "! ako r!,a1$vna v!<kos1 "!3no1k'? v')na6"2% sa 1./? &o% 1 v)n k+ a / )n2? a,!bo kr+1k!? "! 2/!rn. ,o-ar 1/6 )+k,a3n5 ho3no1' s1 /6,an5ho. PoT#e si popon'h2 D6 ne> s#e vorschrei(en n T 0e& u- "u&%6 >e #er nie v"orec (ie v"D hy #ed"i podne(o# poci(o#6 " -(orho &e odvoden/6 (ie> spr'vne odr'> D v/s0ed-y6 ( - sp5(ne #ies(o v rovn -e& ich s-%.o!ne& do!y6 - !o0i po(vrden s-%senos($ . Tie> s#e si v (/ch n &&ednoduch.$ch pr$-0 dov pou>i(i #er nie v"orc .
?er nie v"orec &e " 0o>en/ n pr've @e!er s-u(o1nosD pr huK o! & #usi pr%diD " ne& "nov . Bo s (/- "'-on @e!er 6 (o #=>e !yD vo 3or#e6 -(or' p (r$ do rovn -e& E#p3indun<s"u\Ychse rovn -e& re0 ($vne& Rei""u\Ychsen6 vyhr'v D di3erenci'ciu #er nie v"orc 6 - &eden (/# s vr'(i do "'-0 dnho v"orc 6 -(or/ o!s hu&e v/r " "'-on v (e&(o podo!e. V ine& 3or#e6 -(or p (ri - rovn -/# Sens (ion ro"die0y " rovn -/ch pod#ieno-6 s(i#u0 1n6 &e #o>n odvodiD po#erne e0e#en('rne n s0edovne. Dv poci(y6 ro"die0 &e d=0e>i( po"rieD s n (o6 [6 ich pridru>en podne(y !. po(o# #'#e po #er n$ v"orc ] k I0o< L 0oe 0o< L 0o< [] 0o< 6
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; (e&(o rovnice vyp0/v 6 >e poci( ro"die0 " ! &e 3un-ciou po#eru s(i#u0 1n/ rovn -e& ve2-os(i "os('v 6 - hodno(y 6 ! #=>e predpo-0 d D6 & -eT 0en ich po#er "os('v ne"#enen/6 1o &e vyh0'senie o pr've @e!er . V T 0.e& - pi(o0e s po"rie#e n vy..ie uvedeno# v"orci6 s vr'(i0 -o &eden " n &&ednoduch.$ch d=s0ed-y #er n$ v"orc 6 pod n'"vo# ro"die0 v"orc . A-o s-u(o1nosD6 >e pr hov hodno(y s (/- 6 -(or/ spo1$v v (o#6 >e poci( nie &e n nu0ov% hodno(u6 0e -one1n hodno(y s(i#u0u #' hodno(u nu0 6 - s n ne " 1ne "vy.ov D so "vy.u&%cou s hodn=( &e s(i#u0 1n/# i! "n 1ne& hodno(y6 (o &e ( T 0e-o do #er ni v"orci6 nepredpo-0 d' hodno(u nu0 po #er n$ v"orc 6 - = N6 0e -eT s rovn' -one1ne& hodno(y # 6 pre(o>e o!e 3or#y IGF s #eri -o IMF o #er n$ v"orc pri #o " IGF6 od IMF %v h 6 >e - rovn b &e 0o< +OG7 ] N. ] +OG7 &e6
S #o"re&#e6 (er " so v.e(-/#i d=s0ed- #i pr'vnych predpisov @e!er s-u(o1nosD pr hu v rovn -/ch 1 sov/ch d=s0ed-y n'.ho #er ni v"orc . ; !/v 0/ch "'-ony (o-ov >e ne& -/ d n/ r s( s(i#u0 s% v s%0 de s #en.$# n'r s(o# poci(u -o podne( - -(oro# v"ni-o06 &e v51.$ &e u> v/r "ne poc$(i0 n vyso-e& %rovni s(i#u0 1n/ch6 v. -6 (o #=>e vy"er D v/ni#o1ne v/r "ne ni>.i .
V s-u(o1nos(i6 r s( ve2-ho po1(u vodi1ov o d ne& ve2-os(i6 &e 0en # 0 "v/.enie v porovn n$ s !e" pridru>enho 0o< ri(#u s6 -o r s( # 0ho po1(u od rovn -ho "is-u. CeL0i 1$s0o 7N6 -(or/ r s(ie n 7N6 ( ->e s "dvihne n GN6 1o "odpoved' 0o< ri(#us 7 > 7N6 r s(ie n 76MN7N. A0e v pr$p de6 >e po1e( r s(ie o 7N v ro-u 7NNN6 1o "odpoved' 0o< ri(#us 7NNN r s(ie M 0en n M6NNZM. Po prv6 v pr$p de6 >e 0o< ri(#us #' si 7 ` M 6 v (o#(o pr$p de !y 0en si 7 ` SNN n &eho ve2-osD "vy.u&e. S (/#6 >e pr hov' hodno( s v"D hu&e "'ver6 >e poci( &e T 0e& od po"orov (e2n/ "ni>u&e vi c s(i#u0 pod &eho pr ho#. To(o ods(r'nenie poci(u po"orov (e2n/ 0e!o rovn -e& hH!-e pod pr ho# pod2 n'.ho #er ni v"orc 6 rovn -o -o ne< ($vne hodno(y preds( vu&e6 -o pries-u# n rovn - s po"i($vny#i. V s-u(o1nos(i &e preh0i d n'6 pri #o " 3or#y IGF6 -(or'6 - &e #en.i -o # 6 pre(o 0o< &e #en.i -o 0oe &e s-u(o1n/ ro"(rhnu(iu6 $b, 0o< ri(#us s-u(o1nho preru.eni 6 0e &e ne< ($vny. V (o#(o oh2 de6 n "/v #e vedo# vne#y6 -(or s% n o" & n d.en$ podne(6 0e nie dos( (o1n6 !y ovp0yvnenie vedo#ie -r'(-o v !e"vedo#$6 (/#6 -(or$ &u 33i"ieren6 ( - nevedo# poci(y ne< ($vne6 vedo#e& po"i($vne hodno(y v n .o# v"orci preds( vu&e. V (e&(o repre"en('cii s#e pre ich oso!i(n/ v/"n #6 #o>no nie o- #>i(e "re&# nie-(or/ presved1ivosD vr'(iD s v oso!i(ne& - pi(o0e I- pi(o0 78F. Pre (%(o chv$2u so# s pres( D ro!iD # . * .e #er nie v"orec "odpoved' vy..ie6 n "'-0 de s-%senos($P 7F V &r$&a3o%h? ro3ov+ rovnos= 6 -edy poci( "#en ro"die0 v !so0%(ne& si0e podne(ov "os('v rovn -' I@e!er[sches "'-onF. GF V hran n.%h &r$&a3o%h? -edy poci( s #o(n/6 - s ich "#eny pres( ne p (rn/ 0e!o v/"n #n6 >e &e prv/#6 - s o!& vi n pr hu6 druh/6 v pr$p de6 >e s "v/.i0 ( - vyso-o6 >e v"h2 do# - n'r s(u s(i#u0u &e u> pods( (ne poci(. MF V &r$&a3o%h &ro1 k,a3ov #ed"i poci(#i6 -(or pre-r 1u&% po"orov (e2n/ -(or nedos hu&% po"orov (e2n/6 -r'(-o vedo# nevedo# poci(y. Po(o#6 # 0 !y !yD pov >ov n' " d=vodn%. %a pr&' po()ad, eden by mo(o* by+ nak*onen' &eri+, e nie*en sk,to-nos+, .e na pra(,, a*e a ro/die*o&' pra(, m,s0 ic( by+ od&oden / merania &/orca, preto.e bo* /a*o.en' na.1 sk,to-nosti, pr2&o na 3eber4& a t'mto (*a&n'm ,miestnenie merania &/orca e do /na-ne miery sp5sob *en n2padn'c( ro/die*o& / e6perimento& na /ost2&a 7ce kon8tanty a *en n2padn' sen/2cia ro/die*,, ktor' sa &/+a(, e na pra(, ro/die* a /(od, e b*0/ko od&odi+. 9*e po/rieme b*i.8ie, e to *en ro&nak7 &e)kos+ to(to ro/die*, & ro&nak'c( re*at0&nyc( stim,*a-n'c( ro/die*y, nie e to po/oro&ate)n' sa &yskyt, e iba na kone-n7 (odnot, to(to stim,*a-n(o ro/die*,, -o e potrebn pre ospra&ed*nenie /2k*adn' &/orec a t'mto meranie &/orec: teda e8te *en &idite)n' ro/die* & tomto od5&odnen0, ro&nako ako dobr' priemer men80, m5.e by+ repre/ento&an' ako & met;de priemerne c(yby by & priemere &<-8ie ne. *en n2padn,
ako & sp5sobe spr2&nyc( a /*'c( pr0padoc(, a*ebo ak to ,mo.=, e &y(odnotenie ro&nosti. > dr,(e strany, a*e d5 de a sk,to-nos+, .e na pra(, ro/die*, spr2&ne poc(opi*, nie e & ro/pore s meraco, &/orca, a*e &ykon2&a n,tn &/ia+ do 7&a(y a /a-*enen2 do matematick(o &'ra/, do &iacer'c( &8eobecn(o &/orca (?ntersc(iedsma@forme*), /d5&odnenie a disk,sie st2*e nesk5r kapito*a &y(raden , &/orec, .e ro/die*y med/i pocitmi rob0 t7 ist7 pr2c,, na m< /adr.an' (t/&. sk7sen'), ako meranie &/orce pre abso*7tn, sen/2cio, a ic( ro/die*y. Ao&nak' /2kon o ktor7 pocit ro/die* /ost2&a ro&nak2 pri /mene podr2.denos+ a t'm pra(o&7 b pre r5/ne podnety & ro&nakom pomere, e d5s*edkom n28(o &/orca, ak K e kon8tantn2, okrem to(o, .e e spr2&nym sp5sobom, st2*osti K & tomto pr0pade e sama o sebe m5.e by+ od&oden2 iba / re&er/ne para*e*n'c( pr2&nyc( predpiso&, ako b,de ,&eden ni.8ie. Pr /!ran$ v)or!% sa )$ska, v#!ob!%n! 64 &,a1$ ,!n &r! &r$&a3 rovnos1 &o% 16? )+v s,5 v)=ah' /!3) v!<kos=o6 )+k,a3n5 ho3no1' s1 /6,an5ho a v!<kos1 &r$s,6#n5ho &o% 1? k1or. 6/o4@6"! v'&o$1a= ) &o3 !,6 &rv!" Ao<kokr+1 ) / n6,os1 ? 1!3a o&a1r!n a &o% 1 "! k 3 s&o)$% . % L-r'(6 -o si0n/ poci( ne!ude T 0e& !yD6 (o6 1o n -o2-o-r'( &e ve2- hodno(y von- &.ieho 0e!o e-viv 0en(n/ vn%(orn s(i#u0 1n po1%v 06 0e (o6 1o (ie(o hodno(y po1%v 06 po #er n$ v"orc n ( - ve2-e& do!y hodno( &e. Predpo-0 d &#e6 >e poci( n ur1i( "'-0 dy s(i#u0u &e uveden/6 po(o# n n n'so!o- v"os(up hodno(y6 -eT &e "'-0 dnou hodno(ou podne( n n "vy.u&eLn'so!n/# %1innos(i6 !y "os(%pi0 &e& hodno(u v 1 se #i#o "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( s(i#u0u - n L(' od#ocnin s vy(i ho0. ; (o6 1o s (/- prve&6 -o (o #' n o!och s(r n'ch #er n$# v"orc s n n'so!ene& n ] nk 0o< IZF. A0e pre(o>e n L-r'( 0o< ri(#us 1$s0 &e 0o< ri(#us n L(u #ocninu 1$s0 #=>e !yD su!s(i(uov n/6 &e #o>n6 & n 0o< n'hr dn pro(o-o0u n ] k 0o< IRF. 6 1$# s "$s- P
*ie #ene& #' 10ove-6 (/# p=so!$ n o!och s(r n'ch #er nie v"orc s n de0$6 0e!o (o6 1o ro!$ (o is(6 s 7 ` n n'so!$P
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" predpo-0 du6 v.eo!ecne "n'#e . V.eo!ecne v. -6 >e po#er dvoch poci(ov &e , !, -(or podne(y , ! p (r$P
ISF (ed rovn' po#eru 0o< ri(#ov "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch. V #er n$ v"orci6 ich deriv'(y6 (o -o ve2-os(i s(i#u0u &e de3inov n' -o poci(6 !y -u - >de& n &edno(-u svo&ho druhu. Pre s podne(o# poci( s% ve2#i he(ero<nne pov hy6 #=>e !yD #er n' i! &edno(- #i svo&ho druhu6 n &#56 0e nie ich !yD u#ies(nen v spo0o1no# ce0-u. V s-u(o1nos(i6 vysve(0$#e n n .o# Ro"#ery poci(e (o nie &e ( - ao2-o-r'( s(i#u0u6 s-=r ne> -o2-o-r'( pod0o>en/ -o &edno(poci(u ve2-os(i rovn -ho druhu6 i! v"D h poci(u n &e& &edno(-y &e ur1en' v"D ho# s(i#u0u n svo&e &edno(-y6 o!o# v"D hy s% 3un-cie n se!e6 -(or' &e ( -'6 >e6 - &e uveden/ v"D h6 druh/ #=>e !yD u" vre(' " (oho. T'(o 3un-ci &e " s(%pen' n .e #er nie v"orec. S 2u!ovo2n/ v/!er &edno(ie- !ude n podne( poci( r="ne %v hy #=>e ur1iD. ?o>no nech D sp0niD &edno(-y s(i#u0u poci(6 (& predpo-0 d' &edno(-u ci(0ivos(i n hodno(y s(i#u0'cie6 -(or/ predpo-0 d'6 >e -o &edno(- s(i#u0u6 0e (ie> (o #=>e !yD rovn -o ro"p d' rovn -o6 (& &edno(ie- poci(u v in/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch ne> pri& D s(i#u0 1n &edno(-y6 pre(o>e nie &e nu(n6 !y s o! dohro# dy. To 0en s #en$ s in/# v/!ero# &edno(ie-6 -on.( n(y v"orce ro"hodo0 ( -(o !so0%(ne& ve2-os(i 1$s0o6 po#ocou -(orho s ve2-osD poci( vy& dren/6 !e" (oho6 !y v. - podie0y poci(6 n -(oro# "'vis$ v/hr dne s ro"#er#i6 in$ s vy"n 1u&%. A- &eden vy> du&e n &&ednoduch.iu 3or#u #er nie v"orc
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v -(oro# b ] 76 k ] 76 ( ->e s ne#=>e pohy!ov D n rovn -o# #ies(e6 &edno(-y s(i#u0u poci(u. V"h2 do# - (o#u66 !y b ] 7 pre n s( venie6 &eden &e vi " n/ n pr hu s(i#u0u -o &edno(- K 6 * -(or% s%1 sne &edno( poci(u ne#o>no vynech D6 pre(o>e nu0 poci( p d' n neho6 1o nie &e &edno(- . A0e6 0e d'v n &&ednoduch.iu 3or#u6 - !ude(e # D s(i#u0 1n/ pr$s(ro&6 - pr hov hodno(y6 pri1o# v.e(-y hodno(y s(i#u0 1n s( 0i "'s dn6 poci( &edno(- n nie-o2-/ch "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch6 &e& 0o< ri(#us &e 76 (& rovn' "'-0 dne& po1(u p0i-ov n/ch 0o< ri(#ov6 ( ->e pri pou>i($ !e>n/ch 0o< ri(#y v -(oro# 7NL-r'(6 pou>$v &%ce "e#n/
vy"n 1u&%ci e -r'( IG6S78 ...F -r'( pr h. S-u(o1nosD6 >e k = 7 "n #en'6 >e - &edn n s( v$ poci( &edno(-y n "'-0 dn/ch s(i#u0 1n/ch hodno(y rovn "'-0 dni po1(u p0i-ov n/ch 0o< ri(#ov6 &e 2 h- n'&sD (en(oP BuT(e v.eo!ecne6 v nie-(or/ch sys(#och pri& (/ch d=vod 1$s0o , &eden #' o pre poci( &edno(-y s dy 6 ( ->e v (o#(o pr$p de ] 7 "n #en'6 >e n hr den$# (/ch(o hodn=( do v"orc ? ss 7 ] k 0o< pre(o
Ter " s prih0'siD do - >dho sys(#u6 0o< ri(#us po1(u6 ( ->e "'-0 dn ] 76 ( -6 d'v K hodno(u 7 Tie(o &edno(-y s(i#u0u poci(u6 -(or/ b ] + K ] uro!iD &eden6 (/# n &&ednoduch.e& 3or#e #er nie v"orc ] 0o< vys0edov D6 do !ud%cnos(i6 "'-0 dne& &edno(-y s n "/v &%6 (o !e>n 0e!o pr$rodn6 v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i ro!$ o!y1 &n 0e!o prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov predpo-0 d'. Podne( &edno(- "os('v & v pr$p de6 >e rovn -/K 0e poci( " ri den$ s 0$.i v "'vis0os(i n 0o< ri(#ic-/ch sys(#ov v po#ere 7N B G6S78 .... ; predpo-0 du6 >e "'-0 dn &edno(-y #=>e(e poved D 0en s ,a &o% 16 "! ,o-ar 1/6s o s ,! &o3n!16 6 (o &e n o" & od0i.n' od 1$se0nho vy& dreni ve2-os(i poci(u "'vis0os(i n pou>i(/ch 0o< ri(#ic-/ch sys(#ov6 !so0%(nu ve2-osD6 0e so "re(e2o# n (%(o (#u - r="ny# &edno(- n'&sD rovn -e& ve2-os(i6 -o 'no6 n dH>-u 76 dH>- #=>e d D 7G &e o"n 1en/ pod2 druhho 1$s0 v51.ie dH>-ou -o !/v 0/6 10ove- pochop$6 pod 7G dv n'sD p 0cov #ene& -o 7 n=h. Po (o#(o6 n pr$-0 d po#ocou !e>n/ch "'-0 dn/ch &edno(ie- "dvo&n'so!$ poci( &eden pr$p d6 -edy podne( "des Dn'so!i0 od 0o< 7N ] 76 0o< 7NN ] G6 0e !o0o !y "0 hovoriD6 >e v.eo!ecne - >d' sen"'ci s "dvo&n'so!$6 -eT podne( des D-r'(6 0e 0en6 >e poci( 76 hodno(y = 7N po1%v 0 di podne(y6 1o &e 7N -r'( ( - ve2-' -o &e& pr h. CeL0i poci( G "dvo&enie6 -(or &e s%1 sDou 7NN podne(ov6 (o s !ude -on D n podne(y6 -(orho 0o< ri(#us &e Z6 (& n 7N.NNN6 ( ->e podne( nie &e des D-r'( (u6 0e # &% s(on'so!ne6 USF Tie>6 -eT (en poci( "dvo&n'so!i0 po#ocou !e>n/ch "'-0 dn/ch &edno(ie- v des Dn'so!no# "v/.enie s(i#u0u6 &e (o u> pre!ieh 6 pri pou>i($ prirod"en/ch "'-0 dn/ch &edno(ie-6 pre(o>e poci(6 &eden se# ni>.ie h0 diny s(i#u0u6 nie 7NL-r'(6 0e G6S78 ... -r'( pr h po1%v 06 pre(o "odpoved' ni>.e& !so0%(ne& ve2-os(i poci(u. To s "dvo&n'so!$6 -eT podne( - G6S78 ... -r'( "v/.i. A- si chce(e nech D poci( &edno(-u s(i#u0 1n &edno(-y s(re('v &% n rovn -o# #ies(e6 ( ->e !ude(e # D predch'd" &%ce T 0.ie n &&ednoduch.iu 3or#u #er nie v"orc 6 - &eden #' & #o(iv 1n pr$s(ro& (en poci( &edno(-y n "'-0 dn/ch hodno('ch6 s(i#u0 1n6 -(or' &e rovn' "'-0 dne& po1(u p0i-ov n/ch 0o< ri(#ov. T'(o
3or# #er nie v"orc
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V s-u(o1nos(i6 pod#ien- 6 >e ] 76 -eT #er co# v"orci di k ] 76 pre(o>e 0o< ] 7 f 0.ou pod#ien-ou6 !y s% o! 7 &e su!s(i(%ciou 7 (o -o pre -o vo 3or#e #er nie v.eo!ecnho v"orc IGF6 n s( venie - ] 7 7 ] 0o< 7 L 0o< b . V"h2 do# - (o#u6 0o< 7 ] N6 dos( ne#e L 0ou !yD pou>i( -de-o2vev. de6 n &&ednoduch.ie odvodenie v/s0ed-ov u#o>Uu&%6 -de pr hov' hodno( podne(u "os('v -on.( n(n' &e& po(o# v>dy v &eho #oci up0 (Uov D "'-0 dn &edno(-y6 (& &edno(y s(i#u0 1nho -on.( n(y n b, !y s poci( n "'-0 dn s(i#u0 hodno(y rovn &%ce& s "'-0 dn/# po1(o# p0i-ov n/ch 0o< ri(#ov. CeL0i v. - "#eny dr'>divos(i d=&sD6 0e!o #o>nosD s #e& (re! pov >ov D6 #=>u b o v.eo!ecne !yD n s( ven/ n hodno(u 7K 6 A pre(o s#e v por d$ 1 s(o6 0e nie v>dy6 n &&ednoduch.ie 3or#u #er nie v"orc . A-o 2 h- pos%diD "'vis0osD poci( podne(ov "o s(r ny s'# vy-on'v inver"n% "'vis0osD odvo0 nie poci( s 6 nie &e ( - T 0e-o -o odvo0 nie &eho eOis(encie po pod#ien- ch v "'vis0os(i n poci(e6 0e ( - T 0e-o ve2-osD s(i#u0u6 1o &e nevyhnu(n6 v"h2 do# poci( pre!udiD6 &e 3un-ciou ve2-os(i poci(. T'(o "'vis0osD &e vy& dren' pros(redn$c(vo# o!r'(eni #er nie v"orec " I7NF -de &e "'-0 dn' po1e( pou>i(/ch 0o< ri(#ov6 -(or/ &e v"orec "&ednodu.iD vT pou>i(iu "'-0 dne& &edno(-y n s0edu&%ceP ]a V"orec = k 0o< I77F . ] 6 &e su!s(i(%ciou (/ch(o hodn=( v 7 ] k 0o<
prv #ies(o6 (o vedie - pro(o-o0u , (en(o - p. 7Z ]
S oh2 do# n v/"n # vyu>i(ie #er nie v"orce n s0edu&%ce po"n'#-y s% d=0e>i(. Ce (o v"orec6 -(or/ #=>e !yD pri #o pou>i(e2n/ i! pre v0'du "'vis0os(i in(en"i(y 0e!o si0y poci( n in(en"i(u 1i si0u s(i#u0u pod2 ich %v hy n pr$-0 d6 v pr$p de6 >e
podne( n #ies(e 0e!o v rovn -o# po#ere6 n v.e(-/ch #ies( ch6 -de &e (o "6 "ni>u&e 0e!o "vy.u&e. A- hovor$#e o #er n$ vn$# ni s(i#u0e pros(redn$c(vo# #er ni v.eo!ecnho v"orc 6 pre(o &e v>dy #er nie in(en"i(y vne#u n in(en"i(e6 nie &e ur1en' #no>s(vo# s ro"pres(ier n d n 1 sov 0e!o pries(orov ro"s h s(i#u0u i(. CeL0i poci( 0en v "'vis0os(i n s(i#u0u po#ocou #er n$ v.eo!ecnho v"orc 6 -(or s # &% #er D6 pr hov' hodno( s(i#u0u #us$ b o "n'#e 6 rovn -o -o k !yD -on.( n(n/ pre r="ne %rovne s(i#u0 1n/ch. Hoci (er " "os('v k s(i#u0 1n/ %1inone"#enene&6 -o u-'>e# T 0e&6 n &#56 0e nie b, "#en #i v d=s0ed-u podne(y e3e-( podr'>denosD. A0e vi c s o(upu&e n vy..iu hodno(u6 ( ->e podne( p (r$ "dvihn%D poci( n pr hu6 (/# s-=r6 >e s "vy.u&e b. ?ed"i(/#6 "e#e(r seni " (e&(o o-o0nos(i6 pou>i(e2nosD #er nie v"orce nen s( ne6 0e s-=r ro".iru&e. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e s "is($6 >e (/#(o nie &e d=0e>i( 0en pre "'vis0osD poci(u podne(y6 0e (ie> n s(upni ci(0ivos(i6 s -(orou &e pov >ov n/. Rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 -o s pre#enn' vo v"orci " viesD "'vis0% "#enu #=>e s0edov D pre#enn #=>e#e b " viesD po(o# n "#eny s0edu&%. To si vy> du&e s #o"re&#e pr'vo "#eny b .(udov D s(i#u0 1n/ %1ino- 0ep.ie6 !y b schopn " viesD v "'vis0os(i n si0e do!e (rv ni s(i#u0u vo v"orci. Pre (%(o .(%diu v/"n #nho per se po#ere6 0e pos-y(u&e #er nie v"orec s #o(n/ n &vhodne&.ie indi-'ci d r. A-o s "d'6 &e b n - >d/ch nen'si0n podne(y s ro".$ren% (rv ni rovn -' > do v/.-y6 0e!o rovn - s r/ch0y# pr vide0nho pri"n ni - prie#erne& hodno(e -(or6 s% pr'vny v"D h s ve2-osDou s(i#u0u do!u (rv ni v &edno#6 0e e.(e nie &e s( noven'K !ude (o n hr den$# 1 sD p=vodne& hodno(y6 n druhe& s(r ne (e&(o hr nice6 0e!o prie#ern hodno(y6 -(or # &% !yD " hrnu( v #er n$ v"orc v/"n #n/ch ud 0os($ ich pou>i(i . V pr$p de6 >e pr hov' hodno( b nie &e "n'# 6 pre(o6 !so0%(n %roveU ci(0ivos(i pros(redn$c(vo# #er n$ v"orc ne#=>e us-u(o1niD6 0e #=>e !yD s('0e rovn -/ po#ocou ro"#ery ci(0ivos(i ro"die0ov !y -eT s n s( v$ rovn -/ pre dv r="ne poci(y6 pri1o# ro"die0 (/ch(o v/r "ov Pr h b (oh(o ro"die0u "#i"ne6 -o s(e u> #=>e(e v.i#n%D6 v nes-or.e& - pi(o0e !ud% T 0e& dis-u(ov n. CeL0i6 v #er ce& v"orci -on.( n(n b -o 3un-cie in/ch pre#enn/ch6 ( ->e s "$s"o v"orc 776 po I7GF - "'-0 dn/ po1e( pou>i(/ch 0o< ri(#ov6 -(or b -%"0u &e %#ern' d ne& sen"'ci nesie. Po(o#6 prevr'(en' hodno( #=>e b, di ( -#er pov >ov D " #er d0o !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i6 0e!o v (o# "#ys0e6 TH R7 ro"u#ie podr'>denosD6 " predpo-0 du6 >e s &edn' o recipro1n podne(y po predch'd" &%ce& de3in$cii6 -(or' sp%.D d n% poci(. To &e predpo-0 d 06 -(or/ s u-'" 0 v n s0edu&%co# in(ervencie6 -(or' k &e
nie b "#en #i. CeL0i6 v #er n$ v"orc K -o 3un-cie os( (n/ch hodn=(6 dos( ne#e
I7MF 6 a(or k poci(u &e %#ern' "'-0 dn d n/# po#ero# s(i#u0 1n/ &e "re&#. Ter " !y s v.eo!ecne hovor$ -o o #o>ne& #ys0ieD si6 >e v pr$p de6 >e pr hov' hodno( s(i#u0 1nho b &e v d=s0ed-u po"#eUov cieho n'vrhu "#ien podr'>denosD6 do-onc & "'-0 dn/ch s(i#u0 1n/ch po#er "#ien6 v -(oro# s d n' ve2-osD poci( v"ni-'. V (o#(o pr$p de6 pod2 predch'd" &%ceho v"orc !y v'>iD K. s hodno( #i b "#eny6 !yD "'vis0/ n 6 ( - !ude(e # D -on.( n(n% hodno(u k #=>e v #er n$ v"orc p0 (i 0en ( - d0ho6 -/# !so0%(ny ci(0ivosD 0e!o podr'>denosD6 " -(orho b "'vis$ "os('v rovn -/. A0e n druhe& s(r ne &e6 v.eo!ecne poved n6 rovn -o ( - &e #o>n6 >e6 rovn -o -o pr hov' hodno( b s #en$6 0e "os('v rovn -/ poci(6 -eT s i! "'-0 dn po#er podne( "os('v rovn -/. V (o#(o pr$p de6 K ne"'vis0e n podr'>denosD #=>e !yD v #noh/ch r="nych hodno('ch brovn -ho K s pou>$v v #er ce& v"orci. ,! s-%senos(i #=>u ro"hodn%D (%(o d=0e>i(% o('"-u6 on s ro"hodne pre druh% predpo-0 du. V - pi(o0e o p r 0e0n "'-on u-'" 0 6 >e ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# podne(#i o!& vu&% rovn -o & sn6 >e chce0i s un ven/ch (ie06 pri1o# pr h b "#eny6 0e!o (re! vy-0 d D s nonLun ven/. ae!y s n &prv - se!e v pr$p de6 >e pr$s0u.n hodno(y -on.('n( b X k X6 v pr$p de6 >e pos0edn' b k, - o! & podne(y6 -(or/ch ro"die0 &e po(re!n ch'p D6 7 6 ( ->e prv/ pr$p d6 ro"die0 poci(
1o #' " n's0edo- v druhe& 3or#e6 s vy-on'v n ro"die0 0o< ri(#ov v 0o< ri(#u -vocien(u. Druh' F 00s &e poci( ro"die0 . A- s (er " o! ro"die0y6 -(or s rovn'6 -o u- "u&e s-%senosD6 ( ->e &e nu(n k ! ] k 6 d i hodno( K ne"'vis0e od hodno(y b 6 >e &e GF
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nes-=r6 1o ro"die0 #ed"i "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov ne!ude ve2 "#ien v (o#(o odpo1(u. Vid$(e T 0e&6 >e p r 0e0n "'-on &e nevyhnu(n/ dop0no- "'-on @e!er v s( noven$
#er nie v"orc . Po(o# &e #o>n odvodiD " #er ni v"orc n s0edu&%ce po"oruhodn% ve(uP A- &e hodno( s(i#u0 b, v -(oro# poci( n pr hu d=&de6 s "vy.u&e 0e!o "ni>u&e v d ne& si(u'cii6 ( - s "vy.u&e 0e!o "ni>u&e - >d% hodno(u s(i#u0 1n -(or% d n/ poci( si0y6 -(or !ud% <enerov n v rovn -o# po#ere. T -6 n pr$-0 d6 nie-(o6 -(o s !0$>i - "neci(0ivenie6 n L-r'(6 -o si0n/ "vu- #us$ po1%v D rovn -/ v=!ec e.(e6 -o T 0.iu oso!u s "dr v u.i6 ( - &e (ie> n L-r'(6 &e po(re!n ( - si0n/ "vu- do rovn -o si0n/ -o (o6 !y ho po1u0i6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 1o si0y s v'# p'1i (o(o #ies(o " 0o>en. Pre(o>e #'#e po #er n$ v"orc ] kpro(o-o0u . Ce (er " n n Ln'so!-u hodno(y # 6 hodno( 0e!o "0yh nie rovn -e& ve2-os(i6 -o v &ednoduche&6 rovn -o -o po(re!y n -r'( p0i-ov D. *e#'#e pri #e pros(ried-y n n'-upn/ in(en"i(u poci(u v r="nych &edincov. A0e vid$(e6 nie &e !e" " u&$# vos(i6 >e s s( noven$# 0i#i(u b "$s- n u r="nych &edincov nepri #y pros(riedo-6 -(or/ &e dos( (o1n/ pre ce0e& .-'0e poci(ov si0n/ch s(r'non r ". ?i#ochodo#6 u- "u&e (v r #er nie v"orc 6 >e (o vy&de n ve2-os(i poci(u n rovn -6 1i &eden "n$>en' v d ne& si(u'cii6 0e!o b n'r s(u v rovn -o# po#ere #ys0ieD. To vedie - dvo&i(/# " s(%penie #odi3i-ov ne& podr'>denosD6 (o #=>e !yD spr'vne " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($ pou>iD &edno 0e!o druh. ?o>no "n$>iD dr'>divosD rovn -o do!re "n$>enou s(i#u0 1n/ e3e-( s rovn -/#i pr hov/#i hodno( #i b preds( vu&%6 -o "v/.en/# pr ho# b s rovn -/# podne(o# e3e-( . !/v 0/ #=>e !yD viden/ -o o(upenie eOpo"$ciu s(i#u0 1n/ 0e!o podne(6 (en(o op$s n/ -o o(upeniu podr'>denosD. Pre pre-0 d s(i#u0u v "'vis0e& psychoL 3y"ic-ho pohy!u6 -(or/ #' 0e !y s dr> D i! vo vn%(orn/ch psychophysics6 i! prv " s(%penie p0 ($6 " predpo-0 du6 >e s "n$>i0 podr'>denosD vor usse("0ich o(voren/ 0en u-'" D6 >e "n$>en' psycho#o(oric- p=so!eni podne(u pre!ieh 6 s#e po(o# "n$>enou !ude #usieD vy& driD. A0e vo von- &.$ch psychophysics " (oho d=vodu6 s(o&$#e (er "6 #us$#e preds( vov D6 !e" (oho6 !y pod#ien-ou i! s-u(o1n pod#ien-y pod2 v"orc 6 &e s(i#u0 1n/ vo svo&e& s-u(o1ne& ve2-os(i v0o>enho do v"orc 6 v ri !i0i(u &eho %1ino- (/#6 >e "#en$ podr'>denosD "#enou -on.( n(y b preds( vu&%6 ( - -de s#e n &prv " s( viD & v n s0edu&%co# (eO(e. * "vi#e b hodno(u , v -(oro# &edno(- sen"'ci &e pri& (/6 !ude#e vo v.eo!ecne& rovine6 -(or' do(er " pre b K !o0i d n hodno(y = d D 76 - s s%1 sne = # se(. T - s#e si (ie(o -on.( n(y v "'vis0os(i n "'>i(-ov hodno(y # 6 (o
I7ZF
I7RF Tie(o hodno(y # K po(o# #=>e (ie> n hr diD6 -o &e po> dov n v #er ce& v"orci. V n hr denie hodno(y b &ednu #'
I7QF Dos den$# pre prih0'senie (oh(o odvodenie6 -(or' vedie sp5D do u> Ipo"ri ] 0o< 6 -(or s
vy..ieF6 "is(en6 v/s0edo- &e v"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e 0o< prih0 su&% k ] 76 pre(o>e"'-0 dn 1$s0o. V n hr denie hodno(y K. #o>no 2 h-o n'&sD
I7SF Do (e& do!y6 !ude(e &ednoduch' p0i-'ci " p$s#en b K s v"D hu&% n #er nie v"orc &e v.eo!ecne vhodne&.ie pre odvodenie "'verov. Ce po(re!n v"i D do %v hy pri pou>i($ #er n$ v"orc #=>u v/r "ne " hgU eOis(enciu vn%(orn/ch "'>i(-ov/#i podne(y. V pr$p de6 >e eOis(u&%6 &e prid D &eho ve2-osD n ve2-osD von- &.$ch podne(ov n hodno(u "$s- D6 -(or' &e v0o>en' do v"orc . Av. -6 (o #=>e !yD ich eOis(encie ich ve2-osD v=!ec pr$s(upn i! " pr$(o#nos(i si0u poci(ov v nepr$(o#nos(i von- &.$ch podne(ov !r D do %v hy v porovn n$ s ich %1innosDou v e-viv 0en(och. T ->e #us$#e prid D (rochu ve2-osD n -/ch-o2ve- eO(ern/ch sve(e0n/ch podne(ov6 ( - "v/.i0 s(i#u0 vo v"orci -o preds( viD "$s- D v/s0edo- vn$# ni sve(0 %p0ne6 " predpo-0 du6 >e po nie-o2-/ch predch'd" &%co# prero-ov n$ u> !e" von- &.ieho podne(u6 s0 !/ poci( sve(0 v eOis(enciu o1$ Biern (vrd$ ro!$6 1o predpo-0 d' eOis(enciu vn%(orn pr$1iny poci(u sve(0 6 -(or s#e s(ru1ne pop$s D -o vn%(orn odvo0 nie. Ter " #=>e(e (en(o "v0'.(ny ve2-osD neur1u&e von- &.ie podne(y presne6 0e ich eOis(enci #us$ !yD pov >ov n " 6 0e!o pri s0 !/ch von- &.$ch sve(e0n/ch podne(ov pre n &d=0e>i(e&.ie vp0yv6 #usi !yD pou>i( re0 ($vne6 0e si0n von- &.ie sve(e0n podne(y6 -de ich
vp0yv &e po(re!n " ned! D. * druhe& s(r ne &e po(re!n v"i D do %v hy6 >e nie-(or podne(y n ro"die0 od o(upenie podr'>denosD6 -(or vy-on'v &%6 ich vys( venie vyvo0 D o!#ed"u&%ce #ech ni"#us6 %1ino- s "vy.u&e s pevnosDou podne(#i. AspoU (o p0 ($ o sve(e0n podne(y6 " predpo-0 du6 >e >i - &e "#0uvne "v/.enou sve(e0nou podne(6 (o !y !o0o ve2#i pr vdepodo!n6 >e s ro-ov ni #o>no & v in/ch "#ys0ov s !ude -on D nie1o e-viv 0en(. S #o"re&#e6 >e podne( #=>e !yD " veden' 0en s oh2 do# n (o(o o!#ed"enie v #er n$ v"orce6 -(or !ude(e (/#6 -o pr$s0u.n "n$>enie 0e!o "v/.enie , b #=>e !yD dos( 1u&%c . a >d/ podne( irr diier( v ur1i(/ch o!vodov v.e(-y "vu-y po ur1i(% do!uK po(o#6 1o &eho do&e# s s( 0o r ". To (ie> #=>e o!& viD pri #o o- #>i(e p=so!i ci podne(y6 -(or # &% !yD pov >ov n " ;u\Ychse. V in/ch oh2 doch6 v s%0 de so "'-on#i -on(r s(u6 (o predch'd" &%ce ci(0iv podne(y p=so!i !5ndernd ve2-os(i poci(6 -(or/ sp=so!u&e d n/ podne(. ? 0i n'&sD &ednoduch% p0i-'ciu s oh2 do# n (o6 #er nie v"orec6 (o !uT v.e(-y podne(y #usieD "#eniD v rovn -o# po#ere6 0e!o #usi !yD v.e(-y podne(y6 o-re# #eni ce& s -on.( n(n/K spoU &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e v (/ch(o dvoch pod#ieno-6 &ednoduch' p0i-'ci n #er nie v"orc s #=>e us-u(o1niD. ;'-on @e!er6 >e &e schv'0en/ n "'-0 de prve& pod#ien-y6 >e eOperi#en(y s #r -#i nu nsy ITH 7ZNF6 pod2 druhe& pod#ien-y v odh de hvie"dnych ve2-os($. aone1ne6 #us$#e # D n p #5(i6 -(o # &% !yD " hrnu( do >i dos($ o #er n$ v"orc !odu po"ornos(i. V s%1 sne& do!e &e >i d #e o podo!n >i dos(i o #er n$ v"orc porovn (e2ne& .('(ne& po"ornos(i. *es-=r s o!& v$ e.(e r "6 >e r="ny# s(upUo# po"ornos(i neprich'd" v ur1i(/ch #ed"i ch v is(o# "#ys0e v p0i-'ci'ch #er ni v"orc n poci(y do %1(u6 " druh6 >e #er nie v"orec #o>no n'&sD n #iere po"ornos(i & p0i-'cie. To v. - #us$ !yD n &prv predch'd" D ne& - dis-usiu o vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-y. To (er " vy"er' do!re " vy..ie uvedenho vyp0/v 6 &ednoduch -o #er nie v"orce6 0e ich pou>$v nie nie &e &ednoduch' vec. A (o d'v "#yse0 (/ch(o pro!0#ov v ich pou>i($ &ednoducho o('"-ou &e6 1i nie1o &e6 0e!o (o6 1o nie-edy vyhr 0 s n$#. V (e&(o s%vis0os(i &e po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e h0 vn/# "'u&#o# o #er n$ v"orc 6 ni ( - s-u(o1nosD6 &e (o6 >e u#o>Uu&e6 !y s-u(o1ne (ie(o poci(y presne po1(u hodn=(6 -(or o!s hu&e nie &e 2 h- !y # 0o !yD vedec- 0e!o pr -(ic-/ d=vod6 -o &eP 7F s (/#6 >e od=vodnen6 -(or s # &% dosi hnuD " pri "niv/ch o-o0nos($6 h0 vn #o>nos(i op (ren$6 (er#$n ich n pevn6 & sn6 presn " 0o>enie pos( ven/ (/#(o psycho3y"i-y # (e# (ic-/ "'-0 d &e v>dy " is(en'K >e GF vo 3un-1ne& -o#!in'cii hodn=( 6 , b 6 po#er s(i#u0 1nho6 poci( ci(0ivosD &e v/r "6 1o vedie -u "'roveU & sn os(r "o!r "enie (oh(o po#eru po de 3 c(o v"D h6 vy.e(rov nie n <r n(y & sn ur1i( !ody %(o-uK >e MF6 #=>e !yD v s%0 de s (/#i(o 3un-1nho v"D hu !e" oso!i(nho op (reni 6 0e predv$d D v.eo!ecne6 -o prechodovho s( vu vn$# nie & vov s #us$ "#eniD s po"#eUov c$# n'vrho# ( -/ch ( -/ch pod#ieno-6 -o &e (o rovn - s #ed"n/#i pr$p d#i in30eOn !odyK T ->e & ( #6 -de &e (o #o>n !e"
spe"i 0es op (reni 6 0e v.eo!ecn "'very s% #o>n. Tie(o v/hody pon%- &% s v o!0 s(i von- &.$ch psychophysics &e6 ( - s-=r ne> v rovn -o v"'cne #usieD !yD dosi hnu( -o sp=so! vy-on'v ni op (ren$ &e d=0e>i( #er nie v"orc pre vyh2 d'v nie v (e&(o o!0 s(i. Av. -6 h0 vn/ "'u&e# #er nie v"orc spo1$v pod2 #=&ho n'"oru6 nie &e von- &.ie6 0e vn%(orn psychophysics6 - n o" & v"h2 do# vy& dri0 pros(redn$c(vo# svo&ho (ro&ro"#ernho v"D h #ed"i podne(o# poci( nie &e vs(up do vn%(orn/ch psychophysics6 0e poved D6 >e -2%1o# - &e& dver'# &e. V s-u(o1nos(i6 - s #er nie v"orec #=>e u> prispiev D ve2 - n'# orien(ov D s v o!0 s(i v"D hov #ed"i podne(o# poci(6 0e (o &e -oniec -oncov vy..ie6 1is(/ pr$sne up0 (Uov nie (o is( s ni-dy ne#=>e s( D (u. ,! v ur1i(/ch6 vi c 1i #ene& .iro-/6 ni-dy %p0ne is($6 -(or !ud% s( noven 0i#i(y6 s vi c 1i #ene& proOi#'cii #=>e#e %#ernosD #ed"i podne(o# (/# sp%.D psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y o1 -'v n/6 ( #6 -de &e (o proporcion 0i(y n ru.en/ 0e!o s " s( v$6 pou>i(e2nosD #er nie v"orc &e n ru.en/ 0e!o "ru.en'. Pre(o &e h0 vn/# %specho# von- &.$ch psychophysics pri ur1ov n$ #er n$ v"orc spo1$v pod2 #=&ho n'"oru6 &e6 !y si (o od=vodniD & ce" v.e(-y chy!y6 - s n ich %"e#$6 -(or &e #o>n nu(n pre-0 d v %p0ne& p0i-'cie v o!0 s(i vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-y. ; (i 2 s#e 0e (er " s #er nie v"orce e.(e %p0ne v -r &n/ch psychophysics6 # &% n (o svo&e v/hody o!#ed"eni 6 -o prv/ " (oh(o d=vodu do %v hy. A0e e.(e uce0ene&.$6 vern/6 presupposi(ion0ess s (o s( ne6 (/# 0ep.ie !ude#e pr cov D si ces(u do prechodov vo vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-y (o. Si0 podne(ov v o!0 s(i sve(0 Sch 00es #=>u !yD repre"en(ov n pri #o ich >ivo(ne& si0y6 pri&$# D " nich & T 0.ie podne(y6 -(or p=so!i i! -o podne(y v pr$p de6 ich >ivo(n' si0 >ivo(n' si0 psycho#o(oric- pohy! -(ivu&e v (e0e6 (/# preds( vu&e. To #' po(o# "'u&e# n vy(vorenie n .ich v"orcov -o 3un-ci -ine(ic-e& ener<ie s(i#u0u 0e!o -(ivov nho pohy!o#. Po prv6 & -eT s (o & v$ 0en " h2 dis- # (e# (ic-e& .pe-u0'cieK ( -is(o ne#=>e !yD ro"hodnu(6 od " 1i (-u6 1i v"orce6 -(or p=vodne !o0i po s-%senos(i ch i! pre >iv si0y v.e(-y vi!r'cie s% n s( ven6 (ie> s preved% n -ine(ic-% ener<iu &edno(0iv/ch #o#en(ov osci0'ciou6 1i &e pos-y(ov nie -o#p0e(nho -#i( ni in - in 3or#y pohy!u pre poci( s%1(o# (oho6 1o ich &edno(0iv o- #ihy po#ocou (/ch(o v"orcov po#=cD6 #=>e(e n'&sD spr'vny6 1o s #o o se!e od=vodniD prenos #o#en(ov #oh0o "d D u>i(o1n. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 (er " s "d'6 -o od=vodnenie vyp0/v D " nes-or.e& - pi(o0y6 ( ->e !ude#e posie0 D "'0ohu v"D hu&%ce s - ne#u "'-0 dn/ch v"orcov. PoT#e si preds( viD 1 s(icu # sov m, 1o v d no# 1 se chv$0e s r/ch0osDou &. pohy!y6 pre(o s -ine(ic-' ener -o podne( p=so!$ n "#ys0ovho or<'nu6 0e!o do-onc psychoL3y"ic-y -($vny prvo- " rovn -e& s-upiny6 (/#(o ( - -o ( - &e pr$spevo- - ce0-ov#u poci(u6 -(or/ &e pov >ov n/ " s1$( n$# e0e#en('rne e3e-(y6 -o &e uveden v pod#ien- ch6 -o &e (o podro!ne&.ie vysve(0en v !ud%cnos(i. *ech b r/ch0os(i 1 s(ice6 n -(or &eho pr$spevo- - ce0-ov#u poci(u "#i"neK po(o#
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RovnosD s v pos0edno# v"orci &e preu-'" n di3erenci'0neho po1(u6 G -de d 1 pri& (' -o di3erenci ] G 1D1 . T ->e #'#e -r'(-o K -(or hodno(y ni s 1 s e0e#en( dt s n'so!$6 n &edne& s(r ne pr$spevo- dt 6 !y s n podne(6 -(or/ v (o# 1 se t ve2-osD m& G #' n poci( v 1 sovo# prv-u dt s%6 n druhe& s(r ne "v/.enie poci( d dt, v 1 se t pods(%pi -on' vn$# nie6 -edy podne( m& G v 1 sov/ch e0e#en(ov dt n d m& G r s(ie. ; predch'd" &%cich v"orcov n s0edu&%ce po"oruhodn "'very (o-uP 7F Ro"#ery 1 s($c nie &e " hrnu(' v "'-0 dn/ch v"orcoch. GF Ce d=0e>i(6 1i " vedenie -ine(ic-% ener<iu6 0e!o &ednoduch r/ch0os(i vo v"or-'ch s #i pos0edn% i! v pr$p de6 >e -on.( n(y K K dou!0e. MF "n #eni &. 6 ( - s#er r/ch0os(i &e !e" vp0yvu n hodno(y ci(0ivos(i poci( ro"die0 od v>dy rovn - "n #ien-o v 1i( (e0i #enov (e0i v/r "u doch'd" 6 pre(o>e & b s#e ho#o0o<ic- - 1 (o6 1o p (r$ predpo-0 d D6 . Prv/ !od n0 n<end6 (o &e !e"pochy!y nie &e !e" " u&$# vos(i6 - 'no6 ch r -(er duchovnho ro"#eru vhodno#6 >e 3y"ic-' h#o( " (/ch(o v"orcov %p0ne "#i"ne. E0e#en('rne duchovn in(en"i( po(o# "'vis$ i! n pohy!6 nie h#o(nosD. Av. -6 &e po(re!n (o6 1o &e pre po0o>-y6 -(or nie s% preveden do sys(#u. A- !ude#e p0i-ov D v"orce - ce0-ov#u odvo0 nie6 po(o# pu0"y #=>u vy& driD rovn -/6 -(or &edno(0iv 1 s(ice hro# di 1i s(o1ne n rovn -o# #ies(e sen(ien(n$ or<'nu6 -o s% dv "vony "nieD dohro# dy vi c -o &eden ro"de0en &edn - n r="ne6 rovn -o -o dve hvie"dy dve s !ody sve(0 v o-u o!& vi 6 (o -o v pr$p de6 >e ce0-ov' ve2-osD poci( s po1(o# dr'>div/ch 1 s($c6 (/#(o # &% ce0-ov% h#o(nosD podne( - r s(u. A- !ude#e p0i-ov D v"orce n psychoL3y"ic-y priD hu&e s #o(ne& v rh ny6 po(o# #us$ (o is( p0 (iD o po1(e 1 s($c podr'>den. Do-onc & 1 s(ice h#o(y dv -r'( s rovn -ou r/ch0osDou nie &e sporu #us$ p0 (iD rovn' s%1(u dvoch 1 s($c h#o(y &ednoduch.ie v (e& r/ch0os(i. Predch'd" &%ce v"orce !o0i pripr ven v s%0 de s n &&ednoduch.ie n &!0i>.$ pod#ien-ou6 >e "'vis0osD6 -(or' eOis(u&e po s-%senos(i ch #ed"i ve2-osDou poci( >ive& si0e -o#p0e(n osci0'cie6 pre0o>i(e2n !o0 v "'vis0os(i #ed"i s(Hpi-#i6 &edin/ o- #ih " vi!r'ci$ s% v 1 sovo# prv-u n ce0e& poci( >ive& si0y6 -(or v (e&(o do!e
prv-ov #' !yD preu-'" n6 >e (o vy&de v pods( (e (o is(6 1i u> s% .(vorec r/ch0os(i 0e!o &edine& r/ch0os(i pre " viesD do v"orcov. Ter " &e 0e v.i#ni(e si6 >e presne %#ern/ n'r s( sve(0 "vu-u6 o pod#ien- ch !y s#e #oh0i !yD n "'-0 de (u i! s r/ch0osDou osci0 1n/ch 1 s($c6 "#eny r/ch0os(i6 -(or s -on &% v prie!ehu - >dho -#i( nieK "dvo&n'so!u&e #p0i(%du6 ( ->e "dvo&n'so!$ 3re-vencie "dvo&n'so!u&e "#enu r/ch0os(i v - >do# o- #ihu s%1 sne. A (o &e 0en -o ve2 d=vodov # D n p #5(i6 >e pre -%"0o "#eny v r/ch0os(i6 -o &e r/ch0osD s # o se!e &e n hr diD v "'-0 dn/ch v"orcoch. Tu &e pred!e>n ro"hodnu(ie 0en pr$sD n (o6 -(or/ spHU 0ep.$ " (/ch(o dvoch pod#ieno- %0ohy s( noven$ s-%senos(n "'vis0osD ce0ho poci(u ce0ho pohy!u s%1(o# "'-0 dn/ch pr$spev-ovK ( # &e po#erne &ednoduch/ pr$p d6 pr vdepodo!ne n &vhodne&.$ pre s-%# nie (e&(o o('"-y6 n -(or so# 0e 0en !ud%cnosD ein<ehe. A- s predpo-0 d6 n o" & s "d' vhodne&.ie po ( -e&(o vy.e(rov ni L v s-u(o1nos(i (o !ude pr$p d L >e "'-0 dn/ v"orec #er nie v"orec pre n #ies(o &ednoduch r/ch0osD "#eny r/ch0os(i6 0e!o (o6 1o s !ude n T 0e& vy"/v D -r'(-y druhho r'du #ieru !o0 n hr den/ ( -6 !y -on.(ru-ci -o#po"i(n/ch p0 (ie! poci( -ho-o2ve- druhu 3i(6 (o !y #i#ochodo# v podo!e vy..ie uveden/ch v"orcov ne#en$6 0en o nece0/ch 1 !y s v"i D r/ch0os(i prvho r'du6 !y pochopi0i (%(o druh% o!&edn'v-u 0e!o "#enu v r/ch0os(i 6 vy..ie uveden (ri !ody !ud% rovn -o -o do(er "6 si " chov'v &% svo&u p0 (nosDP 7F6 >e h#o( "#i"ne "o "'-0 dn/ch v"orcovK GF6 -(or6 n ro"die0 od hodn=( -on.('n( K 6 K &e nepods( (n6 1i &eden pou>$v druhho r'du r/ch0os(i pohy!u &ednoduch 0e!o .(vorc K MF v (o#6 >e -0 dn' 0e!o "'porn' hodno( rovn -'6 (o "n #en'6 1i p=so!$ -o "r/ch0enie 0e!o spo# 0enie6 ne#' >i dny vp0yv n v/s0edo- vn$# ni . Podro!n' .(%di o o('"-e s #o(ne& &e 0e nes-=r s " #ies( 6 -o (o pre"en(ov 0 ni -on-r(nu po(re!u do-onc ni n'"n -6 -/# s ro"hodn%D6 (o v s-u(o1nos(i. So# hovori0 vo vy..ie uvedene& "'-0 dn/ v"orec #er nie "0o>eni pod2 h0 vn/ch !odov6 -(or &e #o>n pov >ov D 0en do (e& #iery6 >e n &v.eo!ecne&.$ v.eo!ecn/ -on(eO( (/ch(o !odov &e n sve(0oK 0e !ude s('0e vr c D do rovn -ho &edinc v n s0edu&%cich - pi(o0'ch s vi c -on-r(ny dis-usie &e po(re!n !yD ( - -o p0i-'ci v"orcov. O-re# (oho6 >e so# n "ov.eo!ecnenie #er nie v"orce ce0' ? Aprin"ips so# predv$d D "o!r "enie (u -r'(-o. ?er nie v"orec ud'v "'vis0osD poci( podne(y. A-o v.eo!ecne&.$ rovn -/6 v"orec6 -(or/ so# vo0 D ro"die0 v"orec6 nev"D hu&e6 pri1o# "'vis0osD sens (ion ro"die0 &e d n/ pod#ien- #i s(i#u0 1n/ch6 pod2 #er n$ v"orc #o>no pov >ov D " oso!i(n/ pr$p d n ro"die0 v"orc 6 -de &eden " dvoch poci(ov #ed"i (/#6 1o &e ro"die06 nu0 . V"orce pre "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y #o>no T 0e& "ov.eo!ecniD n (ie ro"die0y #ed"i "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y 0e!o ro"die0y vy..ieho r'du. ?ed"i "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0ov6 " vedenie pr hu po#eru ro"die0u v"orci &e s #o o se!e nie1o "#eniD nes-=r s-u(o1nos($6 -(or # &% !yD vysve(0en6 pod2 (oho6 -o oni s "dvihn% v poci(e6 0e!o -(or #usi !yD o!"v0'.D ch'p D6 " druh6 #=>e !yD po(re!n6
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] k I0o< L 0o "u05n<0iche pod0o>iD #er nie v"orce6 (/# poci( !so0%(neho #er ni . V s-u(o1nos(i6 poci( nie v -one1n/ch hodno('ch #us$ "h sn%D s-=r v hodno(e s(i#u0u nu0 6 -o !y s n -on.( n(n/ C s ne< ($vne ne-one1n% hodno(u6 (o !y !yD -one1n/ (er#$n n !so0%(nu hodno(u poci(u6 -(or # &% !yD n'&denK 0e ni1 ne!r'ni6 "'>i(-ov ro"die0y #er D e.(e v ich eOpresie C "#i"ne. Eu0erov 3or#u0 pre ihris-'6 S(einhei0 v"orec pre hvie"dnych ve2-os($6 -o n (o#6 n pr hu nie &e " 0o>en/6 (ed v"D hu&e i! n "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y. A& !e" - 0-u0u6 &eden #=>e odvodiD #er nie v"orec " pr'v n @e!er -on"u0('cie s-u(o1nos(i pr huK - s v'# p'1i pr'vo n @e!erVv vy& dru&e6 >e " poci(u ro"die0 "os('v rovn -/6 -eT po#er podne( "os('v rovn -/. A (o si " s0%>i (o(o odvodenie n &#5 re.pe-(ov n6 -o sed$ n s(o& ne6 "vr'(iD predch'd" &%ce prihr'v-u6 (& #ies(o e#piric-/ch d'( " 0en s dos( D do "'-0 dne& v"orec odvodiD v u> s-=r uviedo06 #er nie 3or#u0 in(e<r'ciou6 0e i! - #er nie v"orce n pr$s(up - odvodiD "'-0 dn/
v"orec di3erenci'cie. V s-u(o1nos(i6 s% ! dv poci(y6 -(or Respe-($ve podne(y " p (r$6 -o "'-on @e!erVv hovor$6 >e v pos0edno# 3or#u0'ri si v.i#o06 >e " ! "os('v -on.( n(n' ( - d0ho -on.( n(n6 0e!o >e L] - f &e 3un-ci v.eo!ecn "n -y. Be" ;u"iehun< s-u(o1nosD6 >e pr hov 3un-cie #=>e (er " f !yD pri& ( svo&vo2ne6 !ude v>dy sp0nen' pod#ien- "'-on @e!er . V s-u(o1nos(i !y s (ie(o v"orce L] ] ] (T
rovn -o do!re spHU D pod#ien-u6 >e " ! "os('v -on.( n(n' ( - d0ho6 -/# "os('v -on.( n(n/6 -eT v"orec " != k 0o< .
A0e #y prid'#e pod#ien-u6 >e poci( pri -one1ne& hodno(y b s(i#u0u "#i"ne6 0en druh' 3or# &e #o>n. V s-u(o1nos(i6 s d 0 v rovnici L] poci( ! ] N "odpoved &%ce s(i#u0 ! ] b, ( ->e ide. s v ] V s%0 de s (/# s#e "$s- 0i " rovnice L] S-u(o1nosD6 >e s#e = N pre hodno(y ] b s( noven/ch6 .
] To d'v ro"die0 L] -/ ro"die0 spo1i (-u n'&den/ch L] L
#usi !yD rovn -. To "n #en'6 >e 10ove- #us$ # D ] 0e!o ] ^ Ter "6 " d=- " pre v's v ) uchyho Co,rs d!9na*yse a*Debry. s. 7N9 s,i&i., v Sch0o#i0ch &e H nd! d 0<e!ry. An 0/" v. 8Q. inde &e6 rovnic f I 6, y F = f I 6 F E fIyF s% in - v.eo!ecne dos( 1u&%ce6 pre(o>e (o &e f I 6 F = k 0o< 6 f I y F ] K 0o< y f I 6y F ] k 0o< 6y -de k &e -on.( n( . Ce su!s(i(uov n/ v predch'd" &%ce& rovnici pre 6, pre y, (ed produ-( L
o!och " FG, ( ->e &e (o(o>n/ s vy..ie uveden/#6 vyp0/v "o s-u(o1nos(i6 >e &edn #' n s( viD 6 .
Av. -6 - , ! s 6 s% o! & nu0ov6 (& b = N !ude6 ( - (o odvodenie !y -v=0i
ne-one1n/ch hodn=(6 -(or/ -0 # 0 !yD pri& ( svo&vo2ne.
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pri& D6 s neus-u(o1n$6 3un-ci f !y
+o< ri(#ic- 3un-cie s(i#u0 1nho po#ere6 n -(oro# n'&de#e s #i se! -o nu(ne od#ie(nu('6 &e (ie> od0$.iD od v.e(-/ch os( (n/ch 3un-ci$ s(i#u0 1nho po#ere6 -(or !y #oh0i !yD o sn he n hr diD rovn -/6 o # &e(o-6 -(or/6 - (o #=>e !yD uveden n "'-0 de s-%senos($ #=>u ( -is(o s0%>iD -o pod#ien-u pr hov hodno(y6 -(or # &% !yD od=vodnen' pr$s(up - @e!er pr'v 6 0o< ri(#ic- 3un-cie !e"pe1neK !e" -(or/ch ni "'-on !y s #oh0 us-u(o1niD s ve2-osDou "'>i(-ov/#i n "'-0 de "'-on @e!er 6 pre(o>e !e" predch'd" &%ce&K # (e# (ic-% OiE# 6 >e ce0-ov ro"die0y "$s- ne& s%1(o# dvoch ro"die0ov (rochu rovn -6 0e 0en po#ocou 0o< ri(#ic-e& 3un-cie s(i#u0 1nho po#ere n Sens (ion ro"die0y #=>u eOis(ov D6 s% vo v.eo!ecnos(i 3un-ciou po#eru s(i#u0u. BuT(e -o B6 (ri podne(y v "os(upno# por d$ pod2 ve2-os(i , !, " s (/# spo&en poci(y6 6 6 " &e uveden6 !y (ie> nepod0ieh &%6 -o n'. 0o< ri(#ic-e& 3un-cie s(i#u0 1nho po#eru ro"die0u #y #ed"i eO(r#ne poci(y " n'&sD6 s( 1$ u-'" D6 >e s%1e( ro"die0ov6 -(or s#e #ed"i !, ! " n'&sD. Vysve(0$#e si (o n hvie"dnych ve2-os($. Tri podne(y , ! ! !ude " s(%pen' (ro#i hvie"dny#i ve2-osD #i 06 G.6 M. (riedy. &e poci( ro"die0 od -e&-o2ve- 3un-cie po#eru podne(o#6 -o n .e 0o< ri(#ic-6 ( ->e #us$ !yD ro"die0 v & se6 !o0o "is(en6 -eT ide pri #o do o- od prvho do (re(ieho ro"#eru6 s v51.ie 0e!o #en.ie6 -o &e ro"die0 v & se6 -(or #o>no n'&sD pri prechode " 7. . prech'd" n G6 ro"die0y6 -(or #=>u !yD n'&den pri prechode " druhho do (re(ieho6 (o #=>e !yD v0o>en' pred -/#i-o2ve- 3r <#en(u ve2-osDou #ed"i v.e(-/#i pre#enn/#i6 ro"die0ov v.e(-/ch o-o0i(/ch pre#enn/ch6 " ce0-ovho ro"die0u \ieder<5!en rovn -/. Av. -6 pre(o>e n o" & (0 1iD s(ronE#ovi 3r <#en(ov ve2-os(i pod2 (oh(o princ$pu n ro"sudo- os#ero# - ( - #us$ OiE# v o('"-e (u # D svo&u p0 (nosD. Rovn -o ( - #=>e "d D6 >e n's in(erv 0 o-('vy nie &e ( - ve2-/ -o s%1e( pi (y .(vr(/6 0e &e (o 3 -( "'>i(o-. A -eT s po"rie(e6 #o>no nie s v" 06 (%(o rovnosD ce0-ovho ro"die0u rovn -o ( hovoriD o poci(e so s%1(o# 1i s(-ov/ch vne#ov n %"e#i ch in/ch poci(ov v d=s0ed-u s-%senos($6 -o v o!0 s(i ihris-u6 ( ->e !ude(e prip%.D &%6 >e po (o# v.e(-o#6 >e & #en.ie d=vod s-%senos($ eOis(u&e n op -6 'no6 (o !y ohnede# ro"pory ne"rovn 0os(i v "'>i(-ov/#i o!0 s(i ch pri.ie06 " 1oho vyp0/v 6 ni1. D' s v prvo# r de i! e#piric-y presved1iv6 >e v pr$p de6 , !, " (ri poci(y6 -(or (ri podne(y , !, " p (r$6 !y nie-(or " vy..ie uveden/ch 3un-ci$6 -o 0o< " " rovn' I L [F ^ I L [[F. "$s- 0 A- !y s#e pou>iD prv/ 3or#u0'r6 &eden !y # 0
CeL0i (er " " ! ] I L !) ^ I [L [F !yD6 !y
( 0e!o ] 6 a(or' nie &e v.eo!ecne6 0e i! pod pod#ien-ou6 >e ve2#i 1 s($c #=>e !yD v pr$p de. Rovn -o ( - !y s d 0o n'&sD nerovnos(i pre v.e(-y os( (n 3un-cieK s v/ni#-ou pro(o-o0u. V s-u(o1nos(i6 po (o#6 1o #' (en(o
RovnocennosD #ed"i L " I L [F ^ I [L "). V.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e -eT L] ] s v s%0 de so "'-ono# @e!er &e pr$p d6 v pr$p de po(re!y - (o#u6 >e I L !) ^ I L [F = " " ( - #us$ ^ ( -6 >e rovnic v"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e ] ] &e6 pod2 (oho6 1o IsoF &e si v.i#o06 KL] KL
ne#=>u !yD sp0nen in -6 ne> - &eden s dy ] K prih0'sen$ .
Rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 -o s% pod#ien-y6 -(or po(re!ov 0 ro"hodo0 " s( viD n 0o< ri(#ic-e& 3un-cie6 ( - ( # s% (ie6 ce" -(or &eden 0e!o druh/ " 3un-ci$6 -(or s%
uveden vy..ie6 s ro"hod0 vy0%1iD. aeT &e 3un-ci #' (en(o (v r L [] k ( ->e s poci( ro"die0 nie0en v>dy rovn -6 -eT podne( peni "e rovn -% ve2-osD6 0e & r s( v rovn -o# po#ere -o po#er s(i#u0 1n/ch "vy.u&e6 !e" oh2 du n ve2-osD (/ch(o podne(ov. To &e v. - v ro"pore so s-%senosD #i. Pre n pr v hvie"dnych ve2-os($ "odpoved' "dvo&n'so!eniu ro"die0 dvoch po se!e id%cich hvie"dnych ve2-os($6 0e!o ro"die0u ve2-os(i hvie"dy o (re(e& nie-edy v >i dno# pr$p de "dvo&n'so!enie po#eru in(en"i(y sve(0 6 -(or p (ri - se!e n s0edu&%cich hvie"dnych ve2-os($. A- &e n druhe& s(r ne 3or#u0'r !ude (en(o " != sin
Text original
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S%hrn pr$p dov6 -(or s% " hrnu( v #er n$ v"orc 6 #=>e !yD pod n' do (roch h0 vn/ch pr$p dov6 -(or s% -r'(-e pop$s D s-u(o1nosD6 >e hovori 6 >e po dis-usi'ch v 7Q. - pi(o0eP Cedn ud 0osD6 "'s dn/ s(i#u0 hodno( rovn' 76 - &e v51.$ -o 76 druh/6 (re($6 & -eT #ene& -o 7
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G78 n s0 Prv/ pr$p d &e (en6 -edy poci( n s( ne pr h6 pri& (ie druhho6 -de s pre-r 1u&e pr h6 -(or/ &e6 vedo# hodno(yK (re($6 -de "os('v v !e"vedo#$ pod pr ho#6 (/#6 ve2-osD "'porn/ch hodn=(6 -o & ods(r'nenie poci(u " #ies( 6 -de &e "re&#6 0e!o hH!-y !e"vedo#i op (reni 6 -o &e ve2-osD -0 dn/ch hodn=( pries-u#u (en(o !od6 0e!o si0 6 s -(orou vs(upu&e do vedo#i . T ->e s% n .e #er nie v"orec v s%visi cich op (ren$ o!och vedo#ie6 nevedo#ie -o #ier poci(u. ; s(%penie nevedo#/ch psychic-/ch hodn=( "'porn/ch hodn=( &e "'-0 dn/# !odo# pre psychophysics6 -(or/ch p0 (nosD !y #oh0o !yD6 0e sn >i0i spochy!Uov DK !y in/ v/-0 d #=>e oponov D rovn -o6 #ys0$#6 >e vi c (o nu(n pre sp0nenie nie-(or de( i0y6 -o (o !o0o 3rYherhin n o" & !o0i pro(i #ne s0u.n/ or<'n -o s ch<e#5AereK n'"or6 (o6 >e "'porn hodno(y sen"'ci vy& driD s-=r hodno(u
poci( ne< ($vneho ch r -(eru6 -o pre"en(ov D ho s(uden/ poci(6 unp0e sure poci( " (ep0 6 po(e.enie poci(6 ve2-osD v.e(-/ch nevedo#/ch poci(ov6 0e i! s nu0ou n !o0 n "/v n/. H0 sn d=vod6 vec nie &e pop$s D ( -/# sp=so!o#6 >e -on(eO( s-u(o1nosDou &e # (e# (ic-y ne#=>e !yD " s(%pen/. * .e #er nie v"orec repre"en(u&e rovn -o -o s%vis0 prie!eh poci(ov v "'vis0os(i n s(i#u0u n d pr ho#6 -o s-u(o1nosD6 pr hu s # n s( viD # (e# (ic- vy& drenie s-u(o1nosDou pre(rv'v D ni>.$#i hodno( #i s(i#u0ov6 (re! s (/# spo&en ne< ($vne hodno(y Sens (ion6 s #o"re&#e6 s v"D hu&% n (o6 1o rovn - rovnocenn s-%senos(i6 0e (ie nie s% op 1n poci(y6 0e nedos( (opoci(ov ( -/# sp=so!o#6 >e v51.ie "'porn hodno(y "odpoved' r s(%ce& v"di 0enos(i od v/r "nho ch r -(eru 0e!o s-u(o1nos(i poci(. Tie>6 (o &e v ro"pore s ducho# # (e# (i-y &e ne!r D (o ( -. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 # (e# (ic-y -on(r s( "n #enie #=>e !yD ( - do!r/6 " 0o>en/ n -on(r s(e re 0i(y nonLre 0i(ou6 "v/.enie "n$>enie6 0e!o s#er#i. Ce (o v. de n pov he (oho6 1o &e pop$s D. T ->e (o "n #en'6 >e v pr vouh0/ch s%r dnicov/ch sys(#ov v -on(r s(e n'vodu n (r (i ch v sys(#och po0'rnych s%r dnici ch -on(r s( re 0i(y nonLre 0i(y ri d-u6 ( ->e h0 vn "'porn hodno(y "n #en &% v51.$ ods(up od re 0i(y6 ne> (ie #en.ie. To ne#=>e !yD se!e#en.$ pre-'>-ou6 (o6 1o p0 ($ pre po0o#er ve-(or -o 3un-cie uh0 - prenosu poci( v "'vis0os(i n s(i#u0u. Rovn -o -o #'#e (er "6 !y v 1is(e& # (e# (i-e re'0ne i# <in'rne v spo&en$ dopr &(e si presved1ivo pre"en(ov D -on(eO( o-o0nos(i s-u(o1n6 "'very " i# <in'rne& -u s-u(o1ne& ne#ene& pr$sne pr vdiv6 -o (ie6 -(or pohy!ov D i! v re'0no# sve(e6 (o &e (ie> v psycho#o(oric- pou>i(ie # (e# (i-y pr$p du. A!y s#e (o "hrnu0i si(u'ciu vedo# )o<en( #ed"i se!ou6 #us$ s " !e"vedo#i v s%vis0os(i s n$#. Tie> pod2 n s0edu&%ceho v"D hu n podo!n/ pr$-0 d6 p0 (nosD predch'd" &%ceho n'"oru !ude vysve(0en. To #=>e # D nie-oho -($v 0e!o "'v5"-y6 & -eT nie &e v peni "och (ov ru s #o o se!e6 0e v po"i($vno# 0e!o ne< ($vno# dr> nie rovn -/ s-0 d &%. Ter " &e n "/v n/ presved1iv/ 3in n1ne& si(u'cii6 -edy ni po"i($vne6 ni ne< ($vne !oh (s(vo &e ( # 10ove- ne#' ni16 0e ne#' >i dny d0h6 s nu0ovou hodno(ouK v"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e !y !o0o ce0-o# un(ri3(i< ur1iD v51.ie #en.ie d0hy s nu0ov/#i hodno( #i6 !e" oh2 du n 10ove- 6 v (o#(o pr$p de ni1 ne#'6 pre(o>e s% s-=r n o"n 1enie ve2-/ch # 0/ch "'porn/ch hodn=(6 -(or vy& dru&% s-u(o1nosD6 >e vi c 1i #ene& peU "$6 (ov ru6 dr> nie #oci !yD prid n/ i! - dosi hnu(iu i! n nu0e s( ve. Vo v.e(-/ch n 0E<ov/ch pr$p de v. - oci('#e s v !e"vedo#$. Rovn -o -o v pr$p de d0hu &e po(re!n/ v51.$ 0e!o #en.$ r s( peU "$ (ov ru6 n dosi hnu(ie nu0ovho s( vu o!&e-(u6 po -(oro# " 1$n i! po"i($vne !oh (s(vo6 ( psycho#o(oric- v !e"vedo#$ v #en.e& 1i v51.e& "v/.enie s(i#u0u6 respe-($ve !yD vyvo0 n pohy!6 !y o nu0ove& s( ve e#Eci$6 od-i 2 s "$s- v i! v -0 dn/ch hodno('ch vedo#i . A #=>e(e poved D %p0ne v rovn -o# "#ys0eP 10ove- c$(i v !e"vedo#$ #ene& -o ni16 -o #=>e(e poved D v pr$p de d0huP ?'(e #ene& -o ni1K (o - ni-(o nechce po"er D n vy& drenie druhu 0e<i($#ne. S% (o 0en v/s(i>ne 1 - &%6
i# de 3 c(o p0 (n/ v"D h. Po(o#6 1o s#e n%(en$ pod2 -on(eO(u6 -on(r s( "n #enie pred sen"'ciou pou>$v D n opis6 #no>s(vo rovn -ho prospe-($vne&6 v"D h6 ne#=>e#e po(re!ov D (ie> ur1iD op 1n/ -v 0i(u poci( (o. S(uden'6 ver"i #=>e !yD rovn -o si0no c$(i06 -o (ep0 6 ch($16 rovn -o -o si0n %1in-y n du.u s% schopn p=so!iD -o (epe0n6 >i dos(ivos(iK ( - &e (ie> re <u&e n duchu s%visi cich predch'd" &%cich # (e# (ic-/ch %v h6 rovn -o -o & po"i($vne "n #enie6 - s% n d pr ho#6 -(or/ &e n o" & c$(i0. *ie poci(y (ep0 6 ch($16 s(uden6 odpor - se!e6 0e i! &eho pr$1in6 d=s0ed-ov s%visi cich o-o0nos($ s% n pro(i ( -6 >e # (e# (ic-/ -on(r s( "n #enie #us$ s n ne v"D hu&%6 -o u> !o0o 7S Th s(ru1ne "#ieni0. Poci( ch0 du &e sp=so!en "n$>en$# -v pie- (ep0o(y -o>e pod ur1i(% %roveU6 poci( (ep0 "v/.en$# &ehoK n (o6 >e s -o> "#0uvu &e -rv n vn%(orne& s(r ne6 n (o s "v51.$ n -o>i6 -rv prech'd" n von- &.e& s(r neK P0e sure spo&en o!vy-0e s posuno#6 -u -(or#u s in.piru&e pred#e(6 nespo-o&nosD s od#ie(nu($# (e&(o "#0uvy6 #o>no & (o6 1o s po(e.enie !o0esD -jrper0ichersei(s pred#e(6 ( - n pro(i (o#u6 -o po"i($vne ne< ($vne6 & -eT vie#e6 >e (u o ni1o# -on-r(no#. T ->e !ude(e v. - # D -on(r s( "n #enie v " s(%pen$ (/ch(o poci(ov -o 3un-ci 3y"i-'0nych pod#ien- ch6 -o &e o!r'(en " s(%penie 3y"ic-e& pri& (ho &e& "'vis0osD n duchovnK 0e nie n s #o(n poci(y6 0e n podne(y 0e!o hnu(i 6 s -(or/#i s% 3un-1ne s%visi ce. Ve2#i &ednoduch6 0e vy #5(% opo"$ciu poci( v/r "ne6 spo&en 0e!o - u"'0ny v"D h - oso!'# s -on(r s(o# poci(ov s #o(n/ch * s0edu&%ce psycho#o(oric- repre"en('cie (ep0 " s(uden poci( #' ve2 0en (eore(ic-/ v/"n #6 - s #' u-'" D6 po -(oro# Prin"ip # (e# (ic-' repre"en('ci ("v pro(ichodn/ch poci(ov pou>$v nie posun-ovho opo"$ci s !ude -on D ( #. A-o T 0e-o (o repre"en('ci odr'> -(u'0ne pod#ien-y !ud% "'visieD n do(er " nie %p0ne ro"hodu&%ci o('"-u6 -o T 0e-o v (o#(o " s(%pen$ uveden "'-0 de "'-on @e!er &e n o" & pou>i(e2n/ pre (ep0o(y poci(y. ke (o nie &e pr$0i. .iro-/ch #ed"i ch #us$ !yD v>dy pou>i(e2n pre po-us &e u> pripus(i0 s-=r6 0e (o nevy0u1u&e #o>nosD6 >e !y (o #oh0o !yD & n T 0e& p0 ($ v prenose s(i#u0u n psychoL3y"ic-ho pohy!u -o v/s0ed-y po-usu. Av. -6 ('(o o('"- nie &e6 ( ->e (u v=!ec d=0e>i(K Od pri& (i "'-on n @e!er (u s0%>i 0en -o indi-'ci 6 0ie1!u -on(r s(n poci(y6 !y (o vysve(0iD6 !e" (oho !y6 >e &e o!#ed"en' n s( ve pr'v @e!er . A-o #ier (epe0nho s(i#u0u nie &e !so0%(n %roveU (ep0o(y6 0e ro"die0 od (ep0o(y6 -de s c$(i#e ni s(uden/6 ni (ep0o6 "o!r "iD6 0e!o nie-(or 3un-cie (oh(o ro"die0u6 -o poci( (ep0o(y v "'vis0os(i n n'r s(e v"di 0enosDou od (oh(o #di . An s( v$#e pod2 n &&ednoduch.$# s( vu ] t L T 6 -de T &e (ep0o( 6 &e pov >ov n/ " ni (ep0o ni ch0 d6 t 0en eOis(u&%ce (ep0o(y6 "'-0 dn/ v"orec s pou>$v "'-on @e!er v (e&(o . Ter " &e po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e druh/ 10en (e&(o rovnice pre pros(ried-y o!och
poci(ov pr$p de6 -edy t = T &e ne-one1n/6 (& pod2 # (e# (ic-ho vy& dreni s dis-on(inu'0ne.Dv 6 (o "n #en'6 s #os( (n/ pr$p d6 v.eo!ecn pr$p dy6 -de t &e #en.ie6 -de t &e v51.ie6 ne> &e prie#ern' (ep0o( T &e6 ( ->e ne#o>no "&edno(iD pod rovn -/ in(e<r'06 vy> du&% - >d/ ne"'vis0/ s( novenie -on.( n(y in(e<r'cie. A- s !ude#e n &prv predpo-0 d'6 >e o! & (epe0n s(uden/ poci( #' pr h6 (ed 6 >e -o (o 0en n s(redne& (ep0o(e T, 0e u> v ur1i(e& v"di 0enos(i #i#o6 n (e&(o s(r ne s(redne& (ep0o(y T pres('v &% !yD vidi(e2n6 v o!do!$ #ed"i dvo# (ep0o( #i ni (ep0o ni "i# &e c$(iD6 1o &e predpo-0 d6 -(or/ #us$ !yD pov >ov n/ " v.eo!ecne&.$6 !y nes-=r &e po(re!n v"i D do %v hy6 >e pr hov' hodno( !ude nu0ov'6 ( ->e !ude#e6 - ve"#e#e do %v hy pr hov% (ep0o(u (epe0nho c 6 ch0 d c v/"v X6 " (ep0 s(uden/ "o!r "$ s n s0edu&%ce dv v"orce in(e<r'ciou6 -de k e In dF &e uveden vo v"D hu - K #'P
V"h2 do# - (o#u6 -on.( n( c !" T &e ne< ($vny6 " (i 2 1o c L T &e po"i($vny6 po(o# #eniD v/r "y n v/ro!u (ep0 ch0 du pod2 "n #eni pro(i-0 dov ; +o< ri(h#us"eichen6 #i#ochodo# rovn -6 -eT c ! 0en ( - h0!o-o pod T -o c vy..ie t chcieD pri& D6 0e nie &e nu(n6 !y - (/#(o v.eo!ecn/# "'vero#. Prv/ " (/ch(o v"orcov #o>no ri dne n'&sD nu0u6 - c ] t 6 druh/ u#o>Uu&e ! ] N. "is(iD6 1i t ] c [. V"orc d D presn re'0ne& hodno(y (epe0nho i# <in'rny pre ch0 denie [6 -t l T, n op -6 - &e t C T, -o s d' 2 h-o n'&sD do %v hy6 >e 0o< ri(#us "'pornho #no>s(v &e i# <in'rny. V"orc d D -one1ne n o" & vedo#e 0e!o nevedo#e6 (o "n #en'6 >e po"i($vne 1i ne< ($vne6 hodno(y (epe0ne& , s(uden ", v "'vis0os(i n 1i( (e2ov &edno(0iv/ch 3r -ci$ pod +o< ri(h#us"eichen s% v51.ie 0e!o #en.ie -o #enov (e2. T - oni preds( vu&% p'dne v.e(-y v.eo!ecn pod#ien-y6 -(or # &% repre"en(ov D. To " predpo-0 du dvoch > ro"#ies(nen/ch ur1i(% v"di 0enosD6 pr hov (ep0o(y c 6 c ! pre vy-urov nie ch0 denie. Do (e& do!y6 #=>e !yD ve2#i po0o>iD o('"-u6 1i &e ('(o pod#ien- &e 0e<i($#n . A& -eT s-%senos(i u- "u&%6 >e ur1i( .$r-e (ep0o('ch o-o0o "n #en D nepr$(o#nosD ur1i(ho poci(u (ep0 0e!o ch0 du6 #=>e & n T 0e& pri&$# D6 (o s "d' !yD v"di 0enosD #ed"i dvo#i pr hov/#i hodno( #i #i#o n (e&(o s(r ne T hovoriD. A0e &e po(re!n v"i D do %v hy6 >e !y (o #oh0o !yD (ie> sp=so!en Acco#inod (ionsver#j<en Rei"e#p35n<0ich-ei( 0e!o pr hov% ci(0ivosD -o>e6 #us$#e u"n D6 v - >do# pr$p de " in/ch d=vodov. Po-usy 9. - pi(o0y u-'" 0i6 >e &e prie#ern' (ep0o( v ur1i(e& .$r-e #ed"i Fros( !odo# -rvn/ (ep0 6 -de s -o # 0 (ep0o(n ro"die0y s('0e vn$# n/ s poci(#i6 -(or s% spo&en ro"die0y (ep0o(y n (ep0o#ere s vys-y(u&% ( -#er v por d$ po"orov c$ch ch/!. To ro!$ 0ep.iu pr'cu6 >e upros(red (e&(o prie#erne& (ep0o(y !e>ne& pr hove& hodno(y6 (& " nu0ove& v/.-y6 pre vy-urov nie ch0 denie6 pre(o>e !y in - !o0 1 - 06 !y s 1o n &v51.i ci(0ivosD6 odo0nosD vo1i ur1i(e& .$r-e (ep0o(y. Po-i 2 pr hov (ep0o(y pre
(ep0o ch0 d e.(e od se! 6 ( ->e (o #=>e !yD 0en pre po"orov nie6 -o #i"ivo pov >ov D6 ve2-osD6 ( - &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e s nero"p dne. HI 3eber s7(*as0 s t'm, po&eda* & poro&nan0 s&et*o a tep*o pocity (JAKLA9MM9 Co**ecta s 1M9). "Nens,s ca*iDinis est sens,s deficientis O,cis ad cernend,na necessariae. B,ae c,m n,nP,am p*2n deficiat, Drad, T9%T?M differnnt Nens,s O,cis et Nens,s ca*iDinis. Iinc fit, ,t 2,t Crescente decrescente *,ce Nensio pa,*atimP,e star' Nens,s & a*ter, 7 TA9%NHK, neP,e LA9D?N medi,s e6ist P,o neP,e O,cis neP,e ca*iDinis sens, afficim,r. Contra Ta*is medi,s LA9D?N temperiei corpor,m nos tanDenti,m P,o nee nee friDore ca*ore afficim,r, 1ere e6istit, arctissimis &ero terminis circ,mscript,s est Ca,sa & eo po8it est, P,od nostro Corpora ca*or ca*idiorib,s corporib,s comna,nicat,r, a friDidiorib,s a,tom detra(it,r, *,6 a,tom n,nP,am oca*is detra(it,r, sed semper comm,nicat,r. QriD,s et C9OKA iDit,r ,t sebe (abent -0se*n po/iti&isticke et neDat0&y, mimo P,os est stredne p,net,m indifferentiae, *,6 et ca*iDo kontraindik2cie ,t -0se*n po/iti&isticke Minores et ma ores. " ?i#ochodo#6 -eT s o('"- 6 1i pr hov hodno(y pre v/ro!u (ep0 ch0 du %p0ne "hodu&% v ro"v$& &%cich s nu0 !odov6 #' svo& (eore(ic-/ "'u&e#6 !y s pr hov hodno(y6 0e & pre s%d v - >do# pr$p de #=>e !yD v>dy pov >ov n/ " po"oruhodne "hodn6 presn ur1enie -on.( n(y c 6 c ! sp d &% ne#o>n. ; (oh(o d=vodu6 #us$ !yD vhodn pre in(e<r'ciu v - >do# pr$p de in/ v/!er -on.('n( !y s # 0o "hodov D pr hov hodno(y presne !y vy> dov 0o &eho v0 s(n. Ter "6 >e v.eo!ecn/ in(e<r'0 (e&(o rovnice &eP
= k 0o pre pr$p d ch0 div n (ep0o( pod T &e. *ech (er " c 6 c [o! (ie(o (ep0o(y "n #en &%6 ( ->e !ude C Respe-($ve ur1$ pre pr$p d6 (ep0 ch0 du pod2 rovniceP 7 = k 0oi( po"n #en D6 >e &edno(- #r "u nie &e porovn nie ve2-os(i u#o>Uu&e " ri denie n v/ro!u (ep0 6 pre(o>e o!e &edno(-y po#erne ne"'vis0e n se!e s% n"uneh op (reni .T ->e s#e ce" n .e ? Aprin"ips6 'no rovn -/ v # (e# (ic-o# duchu ni-dy ne#=>e poved D6 1i -edy s "i# rovn -o ( - -o s% (ep0K 0e!o " se ( - #oc s(uden'6 -o s% (ep0o6 v. -6 &e ( - d n' #o>nosD v "'s de poved D6 -o2-o-r'( si0ne&.ie u#r"ne v &edno# -o v op 1no# pr$p de6 0e!o s% (ep0K >e !y s o!& vi0 T 0.$ v.eo!ecn # (e# (ic- v"D hy #ed"i vne# #i r="neho druhu &e pre(o6
>e -o d r1e- > (er ". Av. -6 po(o#6 1o hodno(y c 6 c [6 s 6 " (o6 1o chce#e6 !y s &edno(-y (ep0o(n/ch vne#ov 2u!ovo2n6 &e "re&#6 >e ne#=>e#e ro!iD 0ep.ie6 ne> oni sy#e(ric-y - T, (& c [0en ( - h0!o-o pod6 s c vy..ie pri& D. V (o#(o pr$rodno# predpo-0 du6 po(o# porovn nie (ep0 ch0 du v. - #=>e n s( viD6 -(or/ vyh0 sov 06 >e &e pre pr$rodu6 (o & v pr$p de6 >e nie &e # (e# (ic-y nu(n. To &e c L T ] T " c ! -on(r s( (ep0 ch0 du s "ni>u&e - (o#u6 >e pre t L T vo v"orci pre (epe0n T " t vo v"orci pre ch0 dn n s( ne6 ( - op5D "n$>i0 n ro"die0 od o"n 1eni pod +o< ri(h#us"eichen. ; (i 2 vedie (eEriu6 " predpo-0 du6 >e p0 ($ "'-on n @e!erVv6 k &e spo0o1n/ pre (ep0o ch0 d. Ter " u> so# s "#ieni06 >e po #r "u !ody do pr'v n @e!er s(r'c svo&u p0 (nosDK v. -6 !o0 n druhe& s(r ne -on.( (ov D6 >e odch/0-y od pr'v @e!er nie &e po(re!n pre!ieh D " p=so!eni von- &.$ch podne(ov6 po-i 2 ide o psychoL 3y"ic-ho pohy!u (/# -(ivov nK ( -6 >e predch'd" &%ce %v hy v s%vis0os(i s (/# spoU #=>e udr> D svo& v/"n #. Av. -6 h0 vn/ %1e0 predch'd" &%ceho prero-ov ni ne!o0o -o ur1iD op (reni 3un-ciu (ep0o(y poci(6 pre -(or s% po(re!n T 0.ie eOperi#en('0ne pred!e>n vy.e(rov nie6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 !yD pr$(o#n/6 po-i 2 ide o # (e# (ic- poU (ie pro(i-0 d poci(ov6 -o &e pon%-nuD #u (ep0o ch0 d6 v.eo!ecne vysve(0iD.
7I7. R!#&!k16"1! E! s!r &r !%ho3 s1 /6,6 a &o% 1.

Poci( s(%p n podne(y6 0e v >i dno# pr$p de (o is( %#ern'. S-=r6 vie#e6 >e -eT s "dvihne podne( - pr hu6 poci( nie &e ni "re&#6 e.(e nes-=r nie &e v &ednoduche&6 0e 0o< ri(#ic-e& v"D hy r s(. ?' "'u&e# o nie1o !0i>.ie s0edov D h0 vn pod#ien-y (oh(o -oridoru6 pre(o>e &e do(er " uro!en " &ednoduchho ro"die0u ,n!e(r ch(n h#e " (roch h0 vn/ch pr$p dov6 -(or s% ch'p n pod2 v"orc . ; (/#(o %1e0o#6 ('(o - pi(o0 &e ur1en'. Pre &ednoduch.ie odvodenie re3eren1nho !odu prechodu n podne( poci( n #er nie v"orc 3o0<ends n &eho n &&ednoduch.i 3or# ] 0o< s% pov >ov n "ni>u&e pr h b &e "'-0 dnou &edno(-ou podne(u6 hodno(y s(i#u0 1n v/"n #u "'-0 dy v Ipo"ri vy..ieF &e uveden predpo-0 d'#6 1o "n #en'. S e &e6 -o v>dy6 !yD odvo0'v 0 s "'-0 dn po1e( prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov G6S78 ..... V.eo!ecne "odpoved' - >d -0 dn hodno(y "'>i(-ov/#i v d ne& podne(y rovn -o ve2-/ch "'porn/ch hodn=( vo v"'&o#no# s(i#u0u v.eo!ecnho v"D hu I- pi(o0 7Z v"orec GF6 >e 0o< r dy hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch K pod2
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ne< ($vny sen(i#en( hodn=(6 -(or odpoved &% n pr hu s(i#u0u 7 v nu0ove& hodno(y pr hov hodno(y poci(u. Po (o# s(e nie-edy po(re!ov 0i i! prie!eh sen(i#en(u s oh2 do# n podne(y pre hodno(y s0edov D6 -(or s% v51.ie -o 76 s cie2o# n'&sD po predch'd" &%co# v"D hu prechode so "re(e2o# n podne( hodno(y6 -(or s% #en.ie " nich. O! & po1e( -0 dn/ch "'porn/ch hodn=( sen(i#en(u !e>$ pod2 (oho6 -o &eden n hodno(u = 0o< 0e!o ] 0o< r s(ie do ne-one1n #o>n6 do ne-one1nho respe-($ve po"i($vne 0e!o ne< ($vne ve2-os(iK !/v 0/ -(or/ od- "u&e n ne-one1ne si0n/ poci(6 n druhe& !so0%(ny nevedo#i o sen"'ciu. A0e (o6 1o prv/ s (/- 6 nes#ie#e " !udn%D6 >e n'. v"orec &e p0 (n/ i! ( - d0ho6 -o "'-on @e!er s v"D hu&e n 6 >e (o !ude p0 (n v si0n s(i#u0 1n %1in-y pres( n% po " 0o>en$ n'.ho or< ni"#u6 ( ->e poci( !y "v/.enie s(i#u0u v 10ove-u ne#o>no "vy.ov D done-one1n ( -6 -o !y (o#u !o0o v pr$p de po p0i-'cii !s(r -(n v"orce. * druh% s(r nu6 ni1 ne!r'ni (o#u6 !y v pr$p de6 >e s predpo-0 d'6 >e psycho#o(oric- pohy! !y #oh0 !yD "v/.en' do ne-one1n 6 "'vis0osD n poci(6 >e !ude n s0edov D po neo!#ed"en% do!u v"orec. )e0' r d "'porn/ch hodn=( sen(i#en(u " ne< ($vneho ne-one1n n pr hu odpoved' re0 ($vne # 0/ch o!#ed"en/ch in(erv 0och hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch od N do 76 pri1o# po1e( po"i($vnych "'>i(-ov/#i hodn=( pr hu do ne-one1n si0n' po"i($vn poci( ne-one1ne& in(erv 0y hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch od 7 do po1%v 0. A- s !ude#e ri diD T 0.$ prie!eh -0 dn/ch hodn=( e#Ecie. A- !ude#e po1$( D n "'-0 de 2u!ovo2nho 0o< ri(#ic-e& sys(#u pod2 v"orc = 0o< hodno(y , 1o pes(ov nie pr hu 7 do hodno(y p (r$6 "is($#e6 >e spo1i (-u r/ch0e&.ie pod#ieno- -o s "vy.u&e6 -o #o>no vidieD v (o#6 >e po#er p=vodne r s(ie. A0e (o "vy.u&e vi c vi c6 ( - s s%visi ce
v"D h "novu. S(ru1ne poved n6 &e (o "vy.u&e pr$D >0ivosD svo&ho pr hu6 poci( spo1i (-u "vy.u&e r/ch0e&.ie -o podne(u6 ce" ur1i(% hr nicu6 0e po# 0.$. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 poci(6 -eT pr hy s'# &e nu0 6 - >d/ -one1n/ hodno(u6 0e unend0iche# 0 ( - vy..iu -o nu0 6 (o !o0o vy-on n s cie2o# "v/.iD poci( pri pre-ro1en$ pr hove& hodno(y & ve2#i # 0 -one1ne& ve2-os(i v ne-one1ne pevn v"D hy. A- n s( v$#e n druh% s(r nu6 ide'0ny pr$p d ne-one1n si0y s(i#u0u pri1o# n T 0e& " chov D p0 (nosD v"orc 6 -one1n/ "v/.enie s(i#u0u s pre& vu&e vo v.e(-/ch v/"n #n/ch 1 sovho ro"0$.eni poci(u vi c. Prechod od hr nice - hr nici po"e#-u6 -de poci( v ne-one1n/ch o-o0nos($ -de s u> v/r "ne r s(ie d n/# -one1n/# "v/.enie s(i#u0u6 &e (er " ve2#i s-u(o1nosD d'v 6 >e > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 r/ch0e&.ie6 po# 0.ie -o ur1i( o!#ed"enie6 pr$D >0ivosD r s(ie. ?ed"i Tu (o #us$ nu(ne d D ve2#i .peci3ic-/ <en( pr$p d6 -edy poci( ni r/ch0e&.ie ni po# 0.ie -o s(i#u0u6 0e Ipr$sne v" (6 i! v r'#ci ne-one1ne
in(erv 0eF6 rovn -/ podie0 r s(ie. A po(o#6 1o s n (o#(o pr$p de "n #en'6 >e hodno( # Oi#'0ne ] r s( "vy.u&e6 n vy.e s "ni>u&e6 v (o#(o pr$p de #us$ !yD "'p su.
T'(o pod#ien- &e (ie> sp=so!6 -o "v/.iD %roveU s(i#u0'cie ur1iD6 v -(oro# d=&de - (o#u(o !odu o!r (u. Pod2 "n'#ych pr vidie0 di3erenci'0neho po1(u Io vynu0ov nie di3erenci'0u F6 "is($#e6 >e hodno( 6 -de # Oi#u# "odpoved' rovn -e& e 6 di s rovn' "'-0 dne& po1e( prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov. Pre(o6 v pr$p de6 >e &e podne( G6S78 ... #eri &eho #ed"n hodno(y6 "#eny od ( # #'0o6 ( "#yse0 "#eny s(i#u0u s #en$ presne %#ern'. ;vy.u&e (r -(ivi(u T 0e& n d (%(o hodno(u6 & -eT ( - r s(ie poci( e.(e v"i D !so0%(ne6 0e "ni>u&e v po#ere - podne(y. A- -0esne "n (e2ne ni>.i 6 ( ->e s "ni>u&e poci( ( - !so0%(ne6 -o & v"h2 do# n podne(y. ?ies(o6 -de s ('(o re0 ($vn # Oi#'0ne& ci(0ivos(i6 &e "'-0 dn/ !od hor%ce6 hodno( podne(6 v -(oro# s vys-y(u&e6 (& e L-r'( pr hu6 s%visi ce poci( - rdin'0ne hodno(y s(i#u0u poci(. Pre(o6 - &e podne( v e p=so!$ -r'( si0u &eho pr hy6 0e!o s &eho sve(ov/# hodn=(6 ( - d'v re0 ($vnu # Oi#u# poci( 0e!o v/-onu - rdin'0 poci(. A - s(e (ed v &eho #i0osrdens(vo6 #' vi c -oncen(rov n 0e!o vi c ro"p(/0en pou>i(ie d ne& s(i#u0y mu n(u#6 &eden &e "$s- D 1o n &v51.iu sen"'ci vys(%penie rovn -/ #usi !yD ro"de0en ( -6 !y e 0e!o n'so!o- pevnos(i pr hov hodno(y p=so!$ -o - rdin'0 -%"0o. ; os(rov nie &e vi c6 poci( &e in(en"$vne&.$K 0e &e ove2 #en.ie #no>s(vo (/ch(o in(en"$vnych poci(ov n s( D6 0e >e s s(r'c v ce0o# poci( si0yK 6 a(or' &e& vi c6 ( ->e v51.ie #no>s(vo vne#ov &e s(r ( nie &e schopn/ -o#pen"ov D ni>.ou in(en"i(ou. *es-=r6 v dis(ri!u1n/ch v"orcov poci(u6 n'&de#e in/ sp=so!6 -o n's vedie - rovn -#u v/s0ed-u. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 -edy-o2ve- # Oi#'0ne hodno(y6 hodno(y s #eni 0en po# 0y6 ( - !ude & n T 0e& ( -#er -on.( n(n/ n # Oi#'0ne& hodno(e6 (o nie0en v - rdin'0nych hodn=( s(i#u0u6 0e & v &e& !0$"-os(i6 poci( "n (e2ne r s(ie %#erne s podne(#i. Fun-1n/ v"D h #ed"i podne(o# poci(o# (ed " hgU nie-(or .peci'0ne pr$p dy ur1i(ho pre3erov nho v/"n #u v s%vis0os(i s -o # &% v p0no# pr%de6 #ed"n !od - rdin'0n !od. aeT pr hov !ody &e nu0 poci(6 - rdin'0 upo"orUu&e6 >e #' # Oi#'0nu v"h2 do# - podne(y. Prv/ s (/- "v/.eni s(i#u0u !odu v Uo#6 -de ne< ($vne hodno(y poci( v po"i($vny6 druh/ #ies(o6 -de re0 ($vny n'r s( ide n podne(y v re0 ($vno# po-0ese. * prv/ poci( "vy.u&e ne-one1ne r/ch0o v porovn n$ so v"os(upo# podne(u6 v druho# pr$p de s "vy.u&e %#erne s n'r s(o# s(i#u0u. a (o#u s (er " prid 0 3or#'0ne d=0e>i(/ 3 -(6 >e v s%0 de s predpis#i IviT - p.
7QF6 pr hov' hodno( -o ce0o- s(i#u0u - rdin'0n hodno(y -o &edno(- poci(6 n &&ednoduch.i 3or# #er nie v"orc I ] 0o< F6 -(or u- "u&% v"D h #ed"i podne(o# poci( vy& dru&e d D pre pr$p d prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov6 sys(# #' # (e# (ic-y pre3erov n/ v/"n # pred v.e(-/#i os( (n/#i sys(# #i. Tu &e # 0' ( !u2- 6 -(or s% - se!e "odpoved &%cich hodn=( s(i#u0u poci( s r s(%cou podne(y r s(%ci poci( n s( ve s(i#u0 1nho pr$s(ro& pri pr hy poci( &edno(- n hodno('ch ) rdin 0 n s(r ne so# s ( -6 >e d n/ podne( pre#enn6 s%visi ce ve2-os(i sen"'ci s% n s(r ne ,, &e uveden vice vers . S(r n , &e po#ocou prirod"enho 0o< ri(#u pod2 v"orc = 0o< 0e!o (o6 1o &e rovnocenn hodno(y6 (o pros(redn$c(vo# spo0o1nho pod2 v"orc
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?o>no vidieD " (e&(o ( !u2-y6 >e 1$# vy..i &e in(en"i( "odpoved &%c "vy.u&e s(i#u0 1n/6 s0 !.ie &e in/6 -(or/ udr>u&e rovnov'hu v rovn -o# "#ys0e re0 ($vne& si0y ( -6 >e n pr$-0 d podne(6 v -(oro# 7NZ.8 1 s &eho pr h6 s(i#u0 1n/ "odpoved' s-u(o1nos(i6 >e i! 7.NZ8 -r'( v51.i -o pr hov' hodno( 6 (& 7 ` 7NN " &e pos0edn/6 s% "$s- n rovn -/# podne(o# mu n(u# rovn -ho poci(u %spechu6 -eT &u pou>$v n v (e& 1i one& si0y "o s(r ny de#<e#5Ae .$reni s(i#u0u n hr di0 s(r (u &eho in(en"i(y. Tie> n (o6 !ude nes-=r dis(ri!u1n v"orce " poci(u in/# sp=so!o# n's " vedie sp5D. Ceden (er " #o>no po"orov D6 >e "odpoved' "'-0 dn/# podne(o# hodno(y G Z6 - rdin'0 hodno( e # &% s-oro v po0ovici6 #ed"i -(or/#i "os('v ( -#er -on.( n(n/6 (& poci( podne(y - r s(u n v"'&o# v/r "ne v po#ere6 v rovn -% do!u i! (ie6 -(or s% v ce0/ch 1$s0 ch vy& dru&e s-u(o1nosD6 >e pre"en(ov D 1o #o>no n &&ednoduch.ie pod#ien-y v p'rnych 1$se0 pre pr hov hodno(y 76 horn dv -r'( n n'#es($ ni>.iu. T ->e #'(e # (e# (ic-/ ro"die0 n d v.e(-/#i os( (n/#i6 -(or/ s "hodu&e s &eho s-u(o1nho v/"n #u po(o#6 in(erv 0 druhor dho v/"n #u popri h0 vnho in(erv 0e #ed"i pr hovou !odu "'-0 dn/ !od vy#ed"iD in(erv 0 v/r "ne proporcion'0ny prie!eh s(i#u0u poci(uK -(or !y s d 0o n "v D - rdin'0 in(erv 06 0e chce(e vo0 D6 >e "'-0 dn/ in(erv 0. A- &eden s-%# prie#erne& ve2-os(i ci(0ivos(i v (/ch(o dvoch ve2-/ch in(erv 0och6 !ude "is(en6 " predpo-0 du - rdin'0n hodno(y poci( -o ce0-u6 -o s(redn' poci( Fund #en0 0in(erv 00s ] N6MQS886 ne> &e - rdin'0n in(erv 0e n ( M pro(o-o0u. G L 7 ] 76NS9ZZ. Prie#ern' sen"'ci 7 &e dosi hnu( in(erv 0e od pr hu n "'-0 dn hodno(y s(i#u0 1ne G 6 v.eo!ecn/ v/r " pre prie#er sen"'ciu v in(erv 0e od "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n 6 do y &e . Prie#ern' hodno( ci(0ivos(i v in(erv 0e #ed"i dvo# hodno( #i s(i#u0 1n F, G ?enovi(e6 pod pod#ien-ou6 K ] 76 b = 7 >
s% "o!r "enK -(or' hodno( vedie in(e<r'ciou vy..ie uveden/ch us( noven$. * druhe& s(r ne ( !u2-y Ipo"ri vy..ieF &e6 n ro"die0 od op5(ovn#u " pnu(iu -o
prid n' "'>i(-ov/#i hodn=( 76R G6S78M6 r d poci(ov pre"en(ov n/ -o ri(#e(ic-/ ro"die0 s 7. Ce vidieD6 >e "odpoved' (o <eo#e(ric- hodno(y s(i#u0 1n - >d/# pos(upn/# hodno(y s(i#u0 1nho " predch'd" &%ceho n'so!en$# eOponen( e ] G6S78M "re&#. Ten(o v/s0edo- spo0up (ri1nos(i " ri(#e(i-y <eo#e(ric- r dy poci( podne( sri nie &e spo&en' s ur1i(/#i &edno(- #i ( dy vy!r n/chK 0e v.eo!ecne "odpoved' - >de& ri(#e(ic- r dy poci(ov6 s T 0.$#i &edno(- #i T 0.ie di3erenci'0ne& <eo#e(ric-/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch. A >e eOponen( &e poci( sri s (/# ro"die0o#6 7 &e v.eo!ecne rovn -' -o "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n6 v -(oro# &e &edno(- poci( v pr$p de n .e& ( !u2-e I v ino# ro"die0u6 0e rovn' si0e "'-0 dn hodno(y s(i#u0 1nho6 -(or/ &e o"n 1en/ -o ro"die0 !ude. T ->e #'(e u n'.ho s(o0 pre r d poci(ov 76M6R6 ...6 -de &e ro"die0 G6 <eo#e(ric-o# r de podne(ov s eOponen( e G . Cedn' s o #er nie v"orec s('0e v #ierne od0i.ne& podo!e6 -o !o0o pred(/# s( noven/ do %v hy6 >e podne( -o &e pr hov' hodno( rovn' 1 s(i b po"i($vne 0e!o ne< ($vne 1 sovho ro"0$.eni s 6 v "'vis0os(i n podne( n d 0e!o pod hr nicou &e 6 Po"ri(e s s-0 d' ie ] b ^ &e #o>n n s( viD ( -6 !y #er nie v"orec s "#en$ n . To vyvo0'v &e 3un-ciou po#eru6 -(or/ #' n "v/.enie pr hu pr hu6 " (i 2 1o s-or.ie 3or#y s "$s- v "'vis0os(i n po#ere6 -(or/ #' d n/ podne( - pr hu. S%1 sn' podo! s u-'>e 2 h-o odvodiD n s0edu&%ce v/s0ed-y. a/# podne( pre-ro1$ pr h ve2#i #'0o6 ( ->e &e ve2#i # 0/ "0o#o-6 dosD # 0/ n (o6 >e vy..i po(enci pro(i prv/# " ned! (e2n6 #=>e(e pre&sD - #ysu. 7Z pre 0o< n'hr dn M , -de M &e #odu0. A-/ poci(6 ( - d0ho6 -o &e (o ve2#i s0 !/6 por s(ov s(%p . CeL0i v. - podne( ( - ve2-'6 >e -(o
v pri #ych po#erov
" ned! D6 ( ->e poci( "vy.u&e proporcion'0ne s 0o< ] 0o< " 0oe 0ono 2 h-o <r 3ic-y pod2 0o< ri(#ic-e& -riv-y preds( vu&%ce ve2-osD s(i#u0u %se1ie-6 "odpoved &%ce hodno(y ci(0ivos(i ce" neho -o0# s%r dnice.
77. Zhrn61 ! &o% 1ov. :;
To #' "'s dn/ v/"n # pre pr$p d6 -edy podne(y n d no# #ies(e6 1o preds( vu&e n'r s( pre!ieh ( -6 >e (/# s in(en"i( s(i#u0'cie poci(u s "vy.u&e6 &e po(re!n od0$.iD od pr$p du6 -eT "v/.enie s(i#u0u prip d' n os( (n dis-r(ne vn$# v/ uvedenho !odu6 1$# s po1e( podr'>den vn$# &%cich !odov6 n s( v$ s "v/.i ro".$renie s(i#u0'ci poci(u.Rovn -o -o v - p. 7Q si v.i#o06 i! prv/ pr$p d n s('v pri #o pod #er cie v"orec6 -o (o &e pri #o re0ev n(n' i! pre "'vis0osD vn$# ni in(en"i(y s(i#u0uK 0e ni1 ne!r'ni (o#u6 -(or/ vyp0/v " #er n$ v"orc pre &edno(0iv !ody n si0e ich podr'>denie6 "hrn%D s%# porovn D (ie(o s%1(y. *i-(o ne!ude # D (o2-o s0u.nos(i6 -eT &e sie(nice osve(0en/ rovno#erne6 poved D6 >e ce0' sie(nic &e dv -r'( (o2-o poci(6 pre(o>e - >d/ " ich po0oviceK -eT "vu- vydr> 0 rovno#erne do ur1i(e& do!y I -oncipov n' s -on.( n(nou ci(0ivosDF &e (o6 >e &e vn$# n' -o dv -r'( (o2-o n po0ovicu po ce0% do!u. A ( - (o #' s oh2 do# n pries(orov 0e!o 1 sov ro".$renie6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(orho s(i#u0 v/s0edn/ poci( vyvo0 0i dosD hovoriD poci( v51.ieho re0 ($vne nev/hodn 1i s(-y6 poci(6 ( -6 !y s (ie(o n v"'&o# v "'vis0os(i od ich ve2-os(i. Pre s(ru1nosD6 #=>e#e 0$.iD pries(or s%1(y 1i s(-y vn$# nie 1 su6 pod2 (oho6 -o s#e s "hrn%D poci( n r="nych #ies( ch v pries(ore 0e!o 1 sov/ch !odoch.
7F
Rev$"i s. 78S 33
Su!L!ody6 pries(or 0e!o 1 sov !ody I#o#en(yF ch'pe#e 3o0<ends v. de >i dne # (e# (ic- !ody6 0e v.eo!ecne Irovn i# <in'rny6 0e!o v "'vis0os(i n ich re0 ($vne& ve2-os(i v prih0i dneF pries(or 0e!o 1 s prv-y6 -o6 >e pr$spevopoci(6 >e v nich s-r"e ne s(i#u0 %1ino- " isDu&e6 #=>u !yD pre - >d/ prvo- pov >ov D " -on.( n(n% in(en"i(yK Av. -6 in(en"i(y n r="nych #ies( ch6 #=>e !yD r="ne. Po(o#6 -edy dr'>di0 d ne& o!0 s(i6 n pr$-0 d d ne& o!0 s(i sie(nice &e osve(0en'6 po(o# #no>s(vo poci(6 1o s#e6 -o s%1e( poci(ov6 -(or pos-y(u&% &edno(0iv !ody 0e!o povrchove& prv-y osve(0en 1 s(i v (o#(o 3or#'(e6 (en(o poci( s%1e( 6 0e nie ce0-ov #no>s(vo p=so!i ce n (%(o 1 sD sve(e0nho s(i#u0u po#ocou 0o< ri(#ic-e& #er nie v"orc -o ce0-u pre v/po1e(6 0e v/po1e( pre - >d/ !od Iprvo-F6 n si0e &eho podr'>denie6 n &#56 !y s 6 po(o# s s%1e( (oho6 1o &edno(0iv !ody 0e!o prv-y p0 ($. Podo!n/# sp=so!o#6 -eT s sp/( 06 -o2-o poci( #' 10ove- # 0 ne& -% do!u6 ( ->e !ude(e #usieD v"i D s%1e( poci(ov6 -(or #' 10ove- # 0 v prie!ehu v.e(-/ch &edno(0iv/ch 1 s($ (e&(o do!y6 (en(o s%1e( nie &e ( - pod2 n'.ho #er ni v"orc Fun-ci s%1(u podne(ov s #usi vypo1$( D6 -(or/ -on 0 v ce0e& (e&(o do!y6 0e (o !ude pre - >d% do!u6 0e!o o- #ih6 (o "n #en'6 >e ( - #'0o 1 su 1 sD6 poci( #=>e !yD viden/ v (o#6 -o -on.( n(n/6 in(en"i(u poci(u pod s%1 snou eOpo"$ciou s #us$ vypo1$( D s-=r pre(rv'v &%ce poLe3e-(u s(i#u0u " nich6 !y s s%1e( v.e(-/ch &edno(0iv/ch o- #ihov. Ro"die0 v "'vis0os(i n r s(e s(i#u0 1nho podr'>denie d n !ody Iprv-yF "vy.u&e 0e!o -0es' o nov/ch !odov !eh6 pod2 vy..ie uvedenho6 0e (ie>6 >e prv/ pr$p d6 "v/.enie s(i#u0u #us$ !yD prid n/ - podne(o# pod +o< ri(h#us"eichen6 druh/6 v pr$p de6 >e 0o< ri(#us "v/.enie 0o< ri(#u prid D podne( &e # D " n's0edo- "v/.enie poci(u.
V (o#(o pr$p de &e v. - o('"- 6 1i #=>e !yD "v/.en'6 - &e ve2 !odov s(i#u0ov n spo0o1ne6 poci(6 -(or/ d'v - >d/6 -(o &e v s-u(o1nos(i ur1en' e.(e rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 -o v "'vis0os(i n s(i#u0u6 -o -eT &e &edinec podr'>den' pre se! . A0e predpo-0 d'#6 sp'& &%ce& #noho !odov &e # &% vp0yv n sp=so!6 -/# - >d/ &edno(0iv/ svo&e poci(y6 ( - !y (o "dviho0 OiE# 6 >e s%1e( poci(6 -(or/ ude0$ v.e(-y !ody6 -(or/ch prid n$#6 -(or ude2u&% &edno(0iv/# !o0o "is(enK (o !y #oh0o v"ni-n%D 0en n o('"-u6 1i (o s% - >d #en.ie 1i v51.ie poci( pri pripo&en$ #noh/ch podr'>den !odov6 -o v s%vis0os(i #ene& rovn -o ( - podr'>den'. Bo0o !y ('(o o-o0nosD6 - s !ude -on D6 0e # D n v.eo!ecn/ch pr vid0'ch O-re# poci(u >i dny vp0yv6 0e i! "#eniD ve2-osD s1$( nie E00en prv-ov. +e!o n'. v"D h nie &e " 0o>en/ n s-%senos(i ch u &edno(0iv/ch !odov6 0e n spo&enie od (/ch6 >e nie &e #o>n predpo-0 d D6 >e 3or# n .ich v"orcov !ude upr ven/ pripo&enie !od-y6 0e 0en (o6 >e -on.( n(y rovn - #=>e !yD "#enen' ( -6 ( #6 v. - "os('v o('"-ou !ud%ceho vy.e(rov nie6 -o T 0e-o (o !o0 (en(o pr$p d6 -/ vp0yv s-%sen/ -on.( n(y. aon.( n( b #=>e !yD pre#en0iv' v "'vis0os(i n ve2-os(i podr'>den/# o!0 s(i6 po(o# &e (o v ri !i0i( !ude #usieD v"i D do %v hy "hrnu(ie6 pr vid0' s1$( nie6 0e "os('v &% rovn - v in/ch oh2 doch. Pri.ie0 so# sp5D do !ud%cnos(iK odde2ov D6 0e (er " ('(o #o>nosD. Sens (ion 1i s(-y6 -(or s 0$.i v "'vis0os(i n ro".$renie in(en"i(y e#Ecie v nich o!si hnu(6 v. - -v n(i( ($vne porovn nie s%6 !e" oh2 du n (oh(o oso!i(nho ro"die0u6 -(or/ &e schopn/. V s-u(o1nos(i6 !o0 spo1i (-u i! &edn/# prv-o# " d ne& ro".$renie d ne& s d nou in(en"i(ou s(i#u0'cie6 ( ->e v"h2 do# - ce0-ove& ve2-os(i poci( !ude "'visieD n K (o6 #=>e#e (er "6 rovn -o -o vo ve2-e& #iere reprodu-ov D v d ne& si(u'cii6 v (o#6 >e s "v/.i po1e( prv-ov ( -6 podr'>den6 vy"n 1u&%ci s (/#6 -o in(en"$vne -o "v/.iD in(en"i(u s(i#u0'cie !e" "v/.eni po1(u prv-ov6 #=>e !yD v &edno# druho# s#ere v Uveden pod#ien-y #i#eo<r phed p=vodne S #e -v n(i( ($vne porovn D6 v pr$p de6 >e reprodu-ci &e u> ( -6 - vy-on'v v ino# "#ys0e. T ->e s #=>e ro".$riD n -oc-u6 -(or' &e n "e#i6 v hori"on('0no# "#ys0e vo ver(i-'0no# s#ere6 "is(iD ve2-osD rovn$c #ed"i dvo# pi0ier#i6 !y v"ni-0i6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 >e s% v %p0ne od0i.n/ch s#eroch6 ( -6 !y s nenech 0 superponov ( v s%0 de s (/#i(o r="ny#i s#er#i . Ve2#i d=0e>i(/# spe-(o#6 -(or/ &e po(re!n v"i D v s%1(o#6 &e n s0edovnP V "'vis0os(i n #ies(e po#ocou "v/.enie "v/.enie s(i#u0 1n/ch pre d n podne(y ce" pr h6 0e!o "! venie podne( -0esne pod n$#6 (en poci( &e po"i($vny6 vedo# 0e!o ne< ($vne6 v !e"vedo#$6 #'#e v>dy 0en po"i($vne 0e!o ne< ($vny v/s0edopoci(. A0e - v51.in " dis-r(nych vn$# &%cich !odov n d pr ho#6 1$# d'v po"i($vny poci( 1i s(-u6 in' v51.in " (/ch(o !odov pod hr nicou d=&de6 ( - d'v D ne< ($vne sen"'ci 1i s(-u6 po"i($vny poci( nie &e "n$>en' (i (/#6 0e &e O-re# po-r 1u&%ce& ne< ($vneK ne< ($vne nevyvod"u&e " po"i($vne "6 nie &e -o#pen"ov n' po"i($vne6 >e #'#e o! & po"i($vne ne< ($vne e#Ecie6 !y do %v hy !o& pro(i vyh0'senie pro(i se!e6 0e nie 0<e!ric-y prid D 0e!o odpo1$( D od - >dho spr'vne repre"en(ov D s('D poci( -o ce0o-.
V (o# spo1$v >i dn "0o#enin # (e# (ic-/ d=s0edo-K S-=r predch'd" &%ce v"D h #=>e !yD ve2#i do!r' n v.e(-y podo!n veci -riv-y vysve(0iD ich # (e# (ic- vy& drenie u- "u&e rovn -/. V e0ipsy6 -(or/ s( v 0 n s(r nu po"i($vnych %se1ie- po"i($vny -oordinu&e vyp0niD po"i($vne # (e# (ic- repre"en('cie pries(oru6 pos( ven/ pod rovn -o -o ne< ($vne pries(or6 0e!o presne&.ie6 #e(ri-y6 -(or/#i s #eri o!idve i"!y6 "$s- D # (e# (ic-y op 1n "n #ien-o. Spo0o1ne (ie(o dv pries(ory 0<e!r ic-y6 "$s- #e su#u rovn &%cu s nu0e. A0e (o 0<e!r ic-/ dop0noni1 ne"n #en'. Ce po(re!n ch'p D s-=r po"i($vne ne< ($vne pries(or6 (o n &#5 pre(o6 >e s% ur1en s%r dnic #i odpoved &% n r="nych #ies( ch. Rovn -o ( - #us$ !yD po"i($vny ne< ($vny sen(i#en( su#y6 -(or s% v d=s0ed-u poci(ov odpoved D n r="nych #ies( ch6 (o n &#5 -oncipov n/. Pro(i (o#u #' (voriD 1i s(-y pre se! "#yse0 pre po"i($vny podpries(orov e0ipsy s'#6 ne< ($vne podpries(orov. A ( - (o #' & "#yse0 "hrn%D poci(y !odov s po"i($vny# ($ s ne< ($vny#i hodno( #i pre se! . S(ru1ne poved n6 #=>e(e vidieD 0<e!r ic-/ s%1e( po"i($vnych ne< ($vnych poci(ov6 -(or pos-y(u&% r="ne 1 s($ s(i#u0ov ne& or<'nu6 nepov >u&% s #i se! -o #ier ce0-ovho #no>s(v vedo#ho poci(u6 -(or/ pos-y(u&e6 o"n 1enie (e&(o 0<e!r ic- 1i s(-y " v0'dy s( vu vedo#i 6 -(or Ten(o or<'n &e produ-ov n/K 0e &eden #us$ in -6 ne> - s%1e( podne(ov si #ys0$6 >e n 0o>i0i n rovn -o# #ies(e6 (o n &#5 s s1$( &% n -0 dn "'porn hodno(y vedo# nevedo# hodno(y6 -(or p (ri - &edno(0iv/# !odo#. V op 1no# pr$p de !y s(e si !surdn/ v/s0edo-6 >e ni1 !o0o c$(i0 s or<'nu6 -(or/ &e ve2#i c$(i0 s ro"de0iD6 v. -6 (o !o0o vhodn6 hH!- pod hr nicou s T 0.$#i die0#i. Doce0 To is( p0 ($ pre s%1e( poci(y6 -(or s us-u(o1ni0i v prie!ehu ur1i(e& do!y. S%1e( vedo#ho poci(u6 -u -(or#u do.0o po1 s 1 s(i do!y &e s( noviD pre se! 6 nie s%1e( nevedo# poci(6 >e do.0o v prie!ehu T 0.e& 1 s(i6 priviesD &u odpo1$( D6 0e 0en n pro(i%1e( porovn nie. cv hy6 -(or s#e (u pou>i( nie s% 0en pre preh2 dnosD vyu>i(ie e#piric-/ch v"orcov vo von- &.$ch psychophysics # &% v.eo!ecn/ v/"n #6 0e (ie> u-'" D6 >e &e ve2#i d=0e>i(6 !y s presved1iv poU (ie v"D hov vn%(orn/ch psychophysics pou>iD v eOperi#en(och6 -on.(ruov D e0e#en('rne poci(y6 viT. Spo#$n # si n pred!e>ne& pov hy6 n s0edovnP sp'nopre!udenie "'vis$ spo0o1n/ "'-0 d pre v51.ie osci0'cie >ive& si0y n .ich psychoL3y"ic- pohy!y. *e#=>e#e (ed ur1iD6 >e prin'. #e "'porn hodno(y vedo#ie po1 s sp'n-u " po"i($vne& pri pre!uden$ odpo1$( D6 0e!o s 0<e!r ic-/ s%1e( o!och vedo#e& su#y po do!u GZ hod$nK 0e " - >d/#6 -eT !o0 "'#erne os('v pri vedo#$ podvedo#$6 -eT (o2-o ine& do!e e.(e !ude pripisov D. Vi c ne> pr vdepodo!n6 >e (ie> "'vis$ n - >do# -on-r(no# poci( v - >do# ve2#i # 0/ch -#i(ov psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y. CeL0i s-u(o1nosD6 >e pr hov ro"s hu v e0e#en('rne&6 s (ie(o osci0'cie 0en po 1 sD do!y n d pr ho#6 !y s GF K pre(o6 >e ich r/ch0osD pr vide0ne -0es' n nu0u. Be" oh2 du n predch'd" &%ce %v hy6 &e #o>n (er " "$s- D preds( vu6 #=>e !yD v/s0ed-o# vedo#ie d n/ 0<e!r ic-/# s%1(o# po"i($vnych pr$spev-ov "'>i(-ov/#i n d pr ho# "'porn/ch pod hr nicou6 -de !y pr vdepodo!ne ve2#i n$"- 0e!o nu0ov'. To s #o o se!e nie
&e povo0enK 0e 0en po"i($vne pr$spev-y pr$sD n vedo#ie %v hy6 ne< ($vny p'd n vedo#ie " &ednoduche&K vedo# hodno(y !0$"-e6 0e pre(o6 >e ne# &% vedo#ie ?ed"i(/#6 n se! 6 (o podo!n/# sp=so!o#6 rovn -o -o s0ep' .-vrn nesp=so!u&e >i dne preru.enie -on(inui(y v pries(orove& vi"u'0neho vne#u v o-u.
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To &e pr vd 6 spoU pre v.eo!ecn 0ine'rne osci0'cie6 0e & pre vi!r'ci$ -ho-o2ve- druhu6 - !y # 0 p=so!iD -o druh/ r/ch0osDou > prvho r'du v ro"pore.
f 0e& so# d D n s0edu&%ce e#piric-e& 3or#u0e poci( pre v51.ie podr'>den/ch #ies(6 -(or s% spo0o1n pre -o"#ic- s%1(y s%# 1 su pod pod#ien-ou6 >e pr$spevopoci( " - >dho !odu &e d n' &eho ve2-osD pod2 n .ich #er n$ v"orc . BuT(e poci(y6 -(or # &% !yD "hrnu( !, !, !"... 6 -(or respe-($ve p=so!i n r="nych #ies( ch podne(y !, X6 !"... p (riD. A- s% !ody6 n -(or/ch s (ie(o podne(y p=so!i 6 #=>e # D r="nu ci(0ivosD6 n s( venie s#e i# pr hy b !, b ", b" "... p (r$. A- o"n 1$#e (er " ! ^ !! ^ XX ... -r'(-e s , ( ->e #'#e
Po(o#6 poci( s%1e( porovn'v 6 -(or' &e sp=so!en' (/#6 podr'>denie v51.inou r="nych #ies( ch6 s poci(o# = k pro(o-o0u &ednho pr've ( -/ !od n s( ven$# ] di (o -o v pr$p de6 >e s% rovn - "'-0 dn s(i#u0 hodno( !odu &e rovn' s%1inu "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( r="nych s(i#u0 1n/ch #ies(. Po"oruhodn/ d=s0edo- (oh(o v"orc &e6 >e - s% nie-(or !ody s(i#u0ov n in -o s inou ci(0ivosDou6 poci( su# s ne#en$6 - s% podne(y o!r'(i0 n #ies( ch s r="nou ci(0ivosDou 2u!ovo2n6 0e!o o!r'(ene ci(0ivosD n r="ne podne(y. Ce <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er "o "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch r="nych #ies( ch6 1$s0o n, po(o# ] s%1e( v"orec #o>no (ie> " p$s D -o 6 -(or/ &e sp=so!en/ podr'>den$#
] k 0o< ] nk 0o< 6
pod2 -(orho ce0-ov/ poci( pre n 2u!ovo2ne podr'>den' v.e(-y ci(0iv !ody6 &e ( ve2-/6 -o pri v.e(-/ch n !odov !y !yD podr'>den/ s <eo#e(ric-/# prie#ero# "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( r="nych s(i#u0 1n/ch !odov. V.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e s v "'vis0os(i n #edi'ne 0e!o prie#erne& ci(0ivos(i n #no>s(vo r="ne podr'>den !odov rovn - -o (ie6 o('"o-6 -(or6 v pr$p de6 >e & ;u- v.e(-y !ody6 rovn - #no>s(vo !y s 6 -o &eden v Su#e u r="nych podr'>denie dos('v rovn -/. T'(o prie#ern' poci( "$s- pri n podr'>den !ody6 -eT "hrnu0 vy..ie uveden vy& drenie s nde0$6 -(or #o>no n'&sD . Po(o#6 ri(#e(ic-/ prie#er " d nho poci( "odpoved &%ce <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er "'-0 dn/ch spo&en/ch podne(y v s%0 de s #er cou v"orc . ; (i 2 #'#e -one1n/ po1e( !odov po(re!n/ch6 0e (o &e "hrnu(ie po d0h.iu do!u 0e!o vn$# &%cich povrchy6 !ude#e v.eo!ecne6 v pr$p de6 >e podne( pre#en0iv in(en"i(y p0i-ov n/6 - >d/ # 0/ 1 s 0e!o pries(or prvo- ( # -on &%ce si0y s(i#u0 p0n/ #ys0ieD vyhr D s%1e( poci( !y ne-one1ne s%1(o# 1i s(-ov/ch vne#ov6 -(or p (ri do (e&(o 1i s(-ove& s(i#u0 1n %1in-y6 MF K 1o6 - ve"#e#e do %v hy 1 s pries(orovho ro"s hu s%1 sne6 vy& dren v"orco#
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so "re(e2o# n s t po &m 0o< -de t s s% po1$( n od nu0y. f 0.ie * &&ednoduch.ie pr$p d #oho0 n'&sD -o n pr$-0 d (vrdenie #ies(e (u6 & -eT vie#6 >e nie &e >i dny "v0'.(ny pou>i(ie &e pre (er ". To &e #ies(o6 -de podne( Is(i#u0 e3e-(F s "vy.u&e %#erne s 1 so#6 0e!o pries(orovho ro"s hu ur1i(ho !odu. A-o !ude 1 s pries(orov' s%1e( poci(6 >e #u !ude ude0en' v d no# 1 se 0e!o pries(orov v"di 0enos(i6 spr'v Db B sov 0e!o pries(orov/ ro"s h v #ies(e6 -de &e nu0 6 podne( (ep0 6 6 podne( vo v"di 0enos(i 6 od v/chodis-ov/ch !odov p6, -de p &e -on.( n(n'. Po(o# #us$#e spo1$( D poci( v in(erv 0e od 6 ] 9 n 6 = # ur1iD6 n s( venie K ] 7 , b ] 7P
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A #y ro"de0iD (en(o v/r " s # L , dos( ne#e prie#ern% poci( v in(erv 0e # L 9. Ter "6 pri rovno#erno# ro"0o>en$ in(en"i(y podne(u &e 7 su# poci( v in(erv 0e # L ] I # L 9) prih0'siD 7 . T ->e n in(en"i(e s(i#u0u 7 > "is($6 >e s rovno#ern ro"de0enie v in(erv 0e d'v rovn -/ do&e# 1i s(-u6 -o in(en"i( p6, #'#e o! predch'd" &%ce hodno(y rovn' 1o ('(o hodno( 7 s%
Pri pou>$v n$ &e po(re!n (ie(o v"orce do %v hy6 >e - !y s#e chce0i6 !y s poci( s%1e( !odov6 -de podne( &e nu0ov'6 (& chce0 d D nu0u6 " (i 2 1o #y hodno( # 6 v -(oro# si #ys0$#e6 >e - pr$D >0ivos(i r s(ie n d pr hov% nn5h#en6 #y o! ne< ($vne po"i($vne6 vedo# nevedo# %rovne poci(6 ;&edno(en$ v s%1(e !y "$s- D6 1$# !y >i dnu in3or#'ciu o s%1(e vedo#i hodn=(6 n &#5. Pre(o #us$#e "die2 D poci( 1i s(-u do dvoch 1 s($6 &edn v !e"vedo#$ " 9 ] N # ] 76 -de &e pr h ] 0 n s( viD vedo#' od 9 ] 7 - 2u!ovo2n#u hodn=( # 6 v -(oro# s#e s (ie> #o>no vy10eniD ne& - in(erv 0y6 pod2 l Se( 7. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 &edno(- eOp n"i &e 2u!ovo2n/6 ( ->e #=>e#e6 >e ] 76 podne(
od nu0ove& hodno(y prech'd" #ies(o# pre pr hov hodno(y 76 ( - p ] 76 hodno(y # 9 v rovn -e& do!e6 -eT 0i#i(y pre ro".$renie s%visi cich s(i#u0 1n/ch #no>s(vo #ed"i -(or/#i s ve"#e 1i s(-y6 resp. A- ve"#e#e s%1e( pr hu sen"'ci n 76 ( ->e #'#e p9 ] 7 Uni(e o! & s#e pod#ien-y6 &e (ie> ] 7 dos( ne#e v"orc ] # I0o< # L 7F ^ 7
Prv/# " nich &e pou>i(ie pr$rodn/ch "'-0 dne& &edno(-y6 -de &e poci( &edno(-y u#ies(nen n sve(ov/ch s(r'n6 pre # ] e n hodno(u ] 76 (& -eT podne( od pr hu > do - rdin'0nych hodn=( rovno#erne s(%p %1e0 (o #' e -o2-o-r'( po(rie! ve2-ho 1 su 0e!o v"di 0enos(i6 -o s "v/.i " nu0ov !ody n pr hov/ch !odovK ( - (/#6 >e sens (ion s%1e( &e vy<enerov n/ -(or' s rovn' (e&6 -(or' !y !o0 "$s- n' v pr$p de6 >e I -o 7 s d F sen"'ci in(en"i(y - rdin'0 !odu po1 s I -o &eden s%!orF6 1 s 0e!o v"di 0enosD rovno#erne 3or(!es(Ynde (rv' n podne( - nu0ove& !ody rovno#erne do "v/.iD pr hov% hodno(u. Druh/ v"orec &e s(i#u06 -(or/ !y s v rovn -e& do!e 0e!o v"di 0enos(i6 !y - uni3or#e !es( nd rovn -/6 -o &edno(n/ s(%p &%ci " ro"v$& &%cich s sve(ov/ch s(r'n podne(o# . V51.i v.eo!ecnosD .ir.ie pou>i(e2nosD #' rie.enie n s0edu&%ceho %0ohy. Pr$D >0ivosD r s(ie nie od nu0y6 0e od ur1i(e& hodno(y A n (r (i v po#ere6 ( ->e6 v pr$p de6 >e v/chodis-ov/# !odo# (r sy &e ( #6 -de " 1$n %#ern' r s(u pri& (' n -onci ri d-u 6 hodno(u A ^ p6 #'. S%1e( poci( po(o# h2 d 0 v (e&(o v"di 0enos(i. Pre(o>e - >d' pre#enn' #=>e !yD viden/ podne( " d n/ch v/chod$s- v dos( (o1ne # 0e& v"di 0enos(i6 ne> rovn - proporcion'0ne - "#ene Ipo"ri - p. 7R.F6 ( ->e s( 1$ (/#(o vyhr'v pr covn ve2-% v.eo!ecnosD. Ten poci( &e v.eo!ecne "hrn%D v (o#(o pr$p de #ed"i 6 ] 9 6 ] # pri& ('P
0e!o - s% od po1i (-u proporcion'0neho r s(u6 -de ] N n do!%d 0en . Be" oh2 du6 vo v"or-'ch " (e&(o - pi(o0y6 po-0es e0e#en('rneho nie &e - dispo"$cii6 s#e s pred!e>ne& pov hy6 uveden v - pi(o0e 7Q Ipre(o>e (o ne!o0o (u vypo1$( D v/s-y( poci(u v &edno(0iv/ch !odoch 0e!o s #o(n/ch prv-ov psychophysic 00y6 vr'( ne (ie(o v"orce #=>u !yD u>i(o1nF6 0e (ie(o v"orce !y #use0 p0 (iD6 & -eT ( -/(o po-0es !y # 0 v>dy !yD povo0enK po(o# !y s#e 0en po(re!ov 0i pre v
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Rovn - #no>s(vo sve(0 6 " #er D s n nie-o2-/ch #ies( ch sie(nice 0e!o ro"0o>en n v51.e& p0oche rovn -'6 #=>u !yD dis(ri!uov n rovno#erne 0e!o nerovno#erne6 (o #o>no vyvodiD nie-(or nie s% ne" u&$# v v/s0ed-y o (o#(o prev0'd &%ci# pod#ien- # n .ich s-=r vyvinu( "0o>enie6 -(or &e & <ener 0i"'cie s% schopn do in/ch o!0 s($K pride0ene& sp=so!o#6 0en 1i s(o1ne v r'#ci in/ch 3orie# v/s0ed-y6 -(or #'#e "v'>enie hodn=( vied0o v 79. - pi(o0e.
V ro"s hu6 v -o# s (/- vi"u'0ny vne#6 >e predpo-0 dy s vy-on'v 6 7F6 -(or v51.$ 0e!o #en.$ po1e( sie(nice !odov "o s(r ny sve(0 (ed & ve2-osD osvie(en (v're uvedenho >i dny vp0yv n in(en"i(e poci(u6 -(or/ n'# d'v - >d/ !od 6 von- &.ieK GF6 >e sie(nice !ody6 n -(or/ch pro0i3er'ci #ies(o6 # &% rovn -% ci(0ivosD. O! predpo-0 dy s% ro"hodne nie &e s(ri-(ne spr'vny6 0e!o nie re 0i"ov D "'v >nos(i6 0e #=>u !yD v #noh/ch pr$p doch pov >ov D " pri!0i>n pr'vo6 s% v - >do# pr$p de -o n &&ednoduch.ie predpo-0 dy rie.iD -o prv. Po-i 2 ide o prv/ predpo-0 d6 #=>e#e do-'" D6 >e ve2-osD o!0 s(i6 n ich vidi(e2nos(i #' vp0yv6 uv'd" &%6 >e # 0 p0ochy sve(0 #i"ne vo v"di 0enos(i o- 6 -de v51.$ 3o(o#e(ric-' rovn -e& in(en"i(e vidieD6 -(oLK 0e nie &e e.(e dos( (o1ne odhod0 n/6 -o T 0e-o # 0'6 o-o 0en #i"n%ce6 sve(0 povrchy vi c uv >ov ne& ro"p(y2u&%ce sve(0o !uT o>i ren$# viny " ro"die0y6 o -(or/ch vi c inLhH!-ov dis-usie v 77. - pi(o0e predch'd" &%ce& 1 s(i #o>no n'&sD. Ceden #=>e (ie> pou-'" D n (o6 >e (ep0e&.ie ne> n #'1 nie prs( s "o!r "$ po s-%senos($ EH @e!erov (ep0e& vody pri ponoren$ ce0e& ru-y6 1o n sved1u&e (o#u6 >e in(en"i( poci(u r s(ie "v/.en$# po1(u vn$# &%cich !odov. ?ed"i(/#6 &e #o>n si v.i#n%D6 >e (ep0o(n/ ro"die0 #ed"i ponor$ do (ep0e& vodne& p0ochy "vy.o- (e0 #us$ !yD "n$>en' o vyv'>enie prie(o-u -rvi6 v51.$ r/ch0e&.$6 0e s # 0ou6 ne> vo ve2-o# povrchu ponoreno#6 -o poh're (ep0e& vody do rovn -ho von- &.ieho ch0 deni vp0yv#i 2 h.ie ne> s och0 d$ n %s($ h0 vneK (o &e o('"- 6 -o2-o #=>e(e " vesiD n Uo# si > do (er "6 spoU do(er " pre&edn n' us di0 s . A-o &e (ie> (/#(o spr'v D s oh2 do# n (epe0n poci( n -o>i6 &e is(6 >e ('(o s-%senosD n (v'ri nev"D hu&e (rp$6 pre(o>e n op -6 !ie0e pod2 o-o0i " !ie0e& Ipre -on(r s( "'-onovF6 s% s v51.ou pr vdepodo!nosDou s(r (iD ne> "$s- D & s. ?ed"i(/#6 (o nie &e vidi(e2n " - >d% cenu6 v.eo!ecne !ude #=cD o!& viD --o2ve- ro"hodu&%ci ro"die0 v & se #ed"i v51.ie #en.ie -usy !ie0eho p pier 6 (o &e (o6 >e si preds( viD T 0.ie6 0e!o &edn po druhe& s cen(r'0ne& 1 s(i sie(nice &e. De3ini($vne %d & (u 0e>$ S(einhei0 po #er n$ s &eho hr no0 3o(o#e(er pred6 -(or' si " s0%>i oso!i(n% d=veru6 pre(o>e (o !o0o (o presne po"orov (e2 chce6 !y s u!e"pe1i06 >e o-o0nos(i vp0yv n 3o(o#e(ric- odh d &e 7F . f 0e& X#' ve2-osD po"$cie op(ic-/ch povrchov pro(i se!e ro"hodu&%ci vp0yv n pos%denie rovn -ou in(en"i(ou XK pr've ( - #'0o v"di 0enosD6 n -(or% sve(0o o!0 sD si #ys0$(e6 >e pre
se! 6 pre(o cco##odier( o- 6 rovn -o -o # 0/ ho&d &%cu s pohy! o- . To &e pr vdepodo!ne d=vodo# (vrdenie6 >e 10ove- #=>e "o!r "iD prv/ predpo-0 d6 spoU v #noh/ch pr$p doch -o proOi#'ciu spr'vneK - so# u> v0 s(n$(e i#6 -o pr$sne spr'vne.
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Po-i 2 ide o druh% pod#ien-u6 ne#=>e !yD pov >ov n' " pr$sne re 0i"'cie6 pre(o>e sie(nice !ody od cen(r # &% r="nu ci(0ivosD n r="ne v"di 0enos(i. ?ed"i(/#6 " (o6 >e pr$0i. ve2- p0ochy6 >e &e (ie> #o>n pov >ov D " pri!0i>n (rue. ?i#ochodo#6 pou>i(ie (/ch(o dis(ri!u1n/ch v"orcov n sie(nici &e 0en &eden pr$-0 d " ove2 vi c v.eo!ecne& pou>i(e2nos(i rovn -6 -(or so# po-r 1ov D pr$sD. Po"ri#e s n podne( s in(en"i(ou 0en do ur1i(e& #iery I(o ch'p D v "#ys0e i. GN.F6 0e!o .$ren <ener'0 rovno#erne do ur1i(ho s%!oru -o &edno(-y po1(o# !odov6 po(o# s prih0's(e6 -(or' &e "'vis0' n s(i#u0 1n in(en"i(y poci(u si0y po#ocou "'-0 dne& &edno(-y !yD (/#6 >e #ies(o6 (o v prie!ehu ce0ho -o#!inov nho -o po1e( &edno(ie- !odov6 s vy& dru&% si0u v rovn -% do!u6 0e!o s%1e( -v n(ove& ci(u pred ro"de0en$#. A- s -%"0o pros(ho po1(u !odov n n L-r'( po1e( dis(ri!uov n6 pr$sD n - >do# &edno# #ies(e6 n #ies(o e.(e nie , in(en"i( poci(u " (oh(o !odu pro(o-o0u . Av. -6 od (e&(o in(en"i(y n n Ln'so!n op -ov nie po1(u !odov6 dos( ne#e pre ce0-ov #no>s(vo L poci(u v/r " L = n 0o< n = I0o< " 0o< n F -o po#er dis(ri!uov n do p=vodnho poci(u mu n(u# . Ten(o po#er s 0$.i v.eo!ecne od &edno(-y6 po -(oro# &e "re&#6 >e s #en$ o dis(ri!%cii s(i#u0u n in/ po1e( !odov6 poci( mu n(u# v.eo!ecne. Ter " s op/( &(e s #i poci( mu n(u# "ni>u&e 0e!o ce" dis(ri!%ciu novb OdpoveT &e6 v "'vis0os(i n &edno(0iv/ch pr$p doch. A- !ude#e dis(ri!uov D vyso-o -oncen(rov n/ podne( "dvo&n'so!iD po1e( !odov "dvo&n'so!u&e "n (e2ne poci( mu n(u#6 r s(ie s('0e v nie pr$0i. si0ne& dis(ri!%ciu si0n/# podne(o# v/r "ne v po#ere ro"de0eni K pr$0i. T 0e-o ri den dis(ri!%cie6 0e !erie ho "nov 6 v>dy nech'v un'. D ( - T 0e-o6 >e &e (o nepos(rehnu(e2n dis(ri!%cie. V s-u(o1nos(i6 s#e s vyd 0i ve2#i ve2-/6 n &e nie pr$0i. ve2-6 #=>e#e 0o< n "n (e2ne pro(i 0o< ned! n0ivos(iK po(o# L 6 n Ln'so!o- . od$sD 0e n r s(
s('0e vi c vi c6 n -oniec 0o< n ] 0o< 6 ( -6 !y s poci( s('v nu0ovou r s(ie n e.(e T 0e&6 ( ->e s "ni>u&e L & n ne< ($vny6 1o &e v !e"vedo#$. Pr$p d "v/.enie poci(u s%1(e o dis(ri!%cii si0n/# podne(o# #=>e#e vysve(0iD n'# n po#erne & sn/ch hvie"d. aeT hvie"d &e 3o(o#e(ric-y %p0ne & sn6 >e ne#' "#yse0 pre ro"die06 - "dvo&n'so!iD 0e!o "n$>iD n po0ovicu svo&e sve(0o. Pre &eho 0o< poci(6 &e (ed v pro(o-o0e G 0e!o prih0'senie n K pre !/v 0/6 &eden #=>e p$s D 0o< ^ 0o< G6 pre druh/ 0o< L 0o< GK 0e ve2-/6 ( ->e &e pro(i 0o< 0o< G " ned! (e2n. Pre(o &e ve2-/ D >-os(i pri porovn'v n$ si0n/ch 3o(o#e(ric- in(en"i(y presne 3o(o#e(ri 6 pre(o>e porovn nie6 0e i! pros(redn$c(vo# poci(u s #=>e s( D. PoT#e s (er " # &% & sn% hvie"du6 !y o#d0e0 pre poci( v -/ch-o2vev/"n #n/ch v"D hov6 - &edn po0ovicu &eho sve(0o6 sve(0o odve"en/ - v/ro!e T 0.e& hvie"dy n's pou>$v 6 s#e (er " dve hvie"dy s "n (e2ne rovn -ho & su -o po"ri prv/6 ( - (/#6 >e dis(ri!%ci n dv !ody s%1e( vn$# ne& & su vy"er D "n (e2ne "dvo&n'so!i0. S-u(o1nosD6 >e poci( #us$ -one1ne !yD ne< ($vne ovp0yvnen/ "v/.en$# dis(ri!%ci s(i#u0 1n nu0 po6 prirod"ene vyp0/v "o s-u(o1nos(i6 >e odvo0 nie n r s(%ce ro"de0enie -one1ne n pr hu #usi pod0ieh D rovn -/# #i#o ne&. Pod2 dis(ri!u1n v"orce6 hodno( dis(ri!uov n/ch poci( nu0 n s( ne L A - 0o< n ] 0o< . * o" &6 (o(o "odpoved' #ies( ch6 -de p=vodn podne( "os(%pi0 n pr hu 7. V pr$p de vn$# nie sve(0 6 v (o#(o pr$p de ne#=>e !yD preu-'" n v !so0%(ne& poci( sve(0 6 pre(o>e o1i !0 c- v>dy "os('v n d pr ho#6 ne#=>e !yD ro"de0en/6 0e 0en n ro"die0e #ed"i von- &.$# vyvo0 0 poci( sve(0 " o- 1ierne&K (ie>6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i #o>no n'&sD v ce0e&6 >e odvo0 nie ne#us$ !yD 0en dos( (o1ne ro"0o>en' ( -6 !y !o0o nepos(rehnu(e2n poci(. CeL0i poci( mu n(u# > do ur1i(e& hr nice s "v/.i o dis(ri!%cii si0n/ s(i#u06 n vy.e "ni>u&e6 ( ->e ( # #us$ !yD dis(ri!u1n/ po#er n d D (o6 1o s#e % chce(e vo0 D6 -de &e n &.ir.i .To(o ro"de0enie po#er &e d n/ "n'#y# pr vid0o# o ro"0i.ov nie hodno(u L s oh2 do# n n vynu0ov nie di3erenci'0ne& cie0e. T - &eden "$s- v
-de e &e rovn' "'-0 dne& po1e( prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov. Ten(o v"orec n'# hovor$6 v prvo# r de6 >e n &pri "nive&.$ po#er ro"de0eni in(en"i(y s(i#u0 1nho &e %#ern'. Ted 6 v pr$p de6 >e d n/ po1e( !odov s(i#u0ov n/ch s d nou in(en"i(ou6 ( ->e v dvo&i(e& ro"0o>enie in(en"i(y !ude #usieD !yD vy-on n' "dvo&n'so!iD po1e( !odov6 !y s dosi h0 1o #o>no n &v51.ie #no>s(vo poci(u. To n'# hovor$6 " druh6 >e 1$s0o6 -(or vy& dru&e n &ni>.iu dis(ri!u1n/ po#er &e vo chv$0i6 -eT "'-0 dn hodno(y6 n -(or odvo0 nie pred dis(ri!%cie #' dveF 6 so "'-0 dn/# po1(o# prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov e = G6S78G8. . . s de0i 0e!o n'so!$ N6MQS88 .... *ech &(e podne( &e si0n/ 0e!o s0 !/6 0e !ude(e ( - "$s- D n &v/hodne&.$ dis(ri!%ciu. To n'# hovor$6 " (re(ie6 >e v "'vis0os(i n po#ere i#pu0" - &eho v51.ie
0e!o #en.ie -o pr hov' hodno( G6S78G8. . . &e podne( ro".$ri0 do vi c 0e!o #ene& !odov6 s #us$ " #er D n ( -6 !y s dosi h0o n &0ep.ie dis(ri!u1n po#erK pre(o6 >e v pr$p de6 >e prv/ -0esne % vi c -o 06 pos0edn/ - #en.ie.
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?ed"i (/#i(o dvo# pr$p d#i6 pr$p d6 -eT ] 0en e L6 diL6 -de presne &e n &0ep.$ dis(ri!u1n/ po#er u>. Ter " 0e>$ s hodno( #i ] e - rdin'0 hodno( s(i#u0u poci(6 -edy re0 ($vn # Oi#'0ne& ci(0ivos(i pre!ieh n podne(yK ( - s#e s n'&sD s-=r I- pi(o0 79F v/s0edo- n'&de i! u nie-(or/ch in/ch pros(ried-ov "novu6 >e s(i#u0 1n n &pr$nosne&.ie %-ony pre <enerov nie n &v51.iu sen"'ciu6 -eT spo0upr cu&e s in(en"i(ou - rdin'0n hodno(y. ? 0 pr've (en(o in(en"i(u6 &e s%s(rediD s neprero"de0iD e.(e d D n &.ir.o# "#ys0e mu n(u#. ? Oi#'0n -v n(ove& s #o(n6 -(or s v ro"de0en$ hodn=( % = "$s- 0i od (e&(o hodno(y s#e pre n vo v/r "e pre L ] n 0o< # Oi#'0ne L pre!ieh 6 s#e
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di N67R99Q pou>i(ie !e>n/ch 0o< ri(#y6 0e!o N6MQS88 po#ocou prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov6 -(or hodno(y s pre(o 0$.i od se! n v"'&o#6 pre(o>e n .e6 "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( pri& (/ch6 poci( &edno(-y6 (/# s #en$ #ieru poci(u6 pod2 0o< ri(#ic-/ch sys(#ov. Tie> re"i<nov D v/r "y de3inov D ich pod ur1i(% hodno(u6 s od- "ov D n " d ne& "'-0 dne& &edno(y sen"'ci mu n(u#6 -(or/ s -on' v pr$p de6 >e &e "'-0 dnou &edno(-ou poci( pre v.e(-y "hrn%D -o ce0o- pred dis(ri!u1n/ch !odov. A-/ &e v"D h s (ie> odvo0 nie pred dis(ri!%ciou n &eho pr hu6 ce0-ov' -v n(ov' poci(u &e N67R99Q pod2 n &v/hodne&.e& dis(ri!u1n chv$0e6 (en(o pr$s(ro&6 -eT s(e d 0 poci( &edno(-u n 7N n'so!o- pr hu6 v. -6 N6MQS88 L-r'(6 -eT !o0i n G6S78G8 ... 1 sy pr h s (. T/#6 pred dis(ri!%ciou ce0-ov #no>s(vo poci(u v/r " 0o< # 0i6 #'#e v 0e!o
v/r " pre po#er #ed"i #no>s(vo# poci(u po Pri "niv ro"0o>enie v dis(ri!%cii s(i#u0u6 -de #=>u !yD 0o< ri(#y v -o#-o2ve- sys(#e6 !e" (oho6 !y s hodno( U- "u&e s 0$.i6 pre(o>e po#er 0o< ri(#ov d n/ch 1$se0 vo v.e(-/ch 0o< ri(#ic-o# sys(#u # &% rovn - &e. V"orec pre # Oi#'0ne sen"'ci mu n(u#6 1o s#e dosi h0i vy..ie6 " nie-o2-/ch !odov "'u&#u. Odvo0 nie doch'd" (u " 0o< ri(#ic-/ch po#erov von poci( &e rovn -/ i! proporcion'0ne6 pre(o>e 0o< e e s% -on.( n(y. Pod2 (oh(o princ$pu6 -(o &e schopn/ n o" & nech D ce0-ov #no>s(vo poci(u n pr$s0u.n% ve2-osD s(i#u0 1nho "v/.iD doce0 v po#ere6 & -eT 0en podne( po-r 1u&e <ehends ro"de0en ( -6 >e v>dy &e "$s- D # Oi#u# " poci(u (/#. Po-i 2 ide o prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov6 -(or s prih0 su&% e ] 76 # Oi#u# &e n hr den/ rovn -/# poci(o# vy& drenie (en(o # Oi#u#. -o po1e( dis(ri!u1n %, -eT n s( ne
V "'vis0os(i v51.ie 0e!o #en.ie -o e 6 " rovn -/ch pod#ieno- &e # Oi#u# sen"'ci mu n(u#6 1o s d n/ #=>e !yD dosi hnu(6 v51.ie 0e!o #en.ie -o &edno(-y sen"'ci mu n(u#6 pre ] e (en(o pr$s(ro& rovn -o. Pod n d n &v/hodne&.$ dis(ri!%ci s(upUov6 dv s(upne ro"de0en$ #us$ spHU D -(or d'v &% podo!n/# poci(o# mu n(u#. A- vych'd" #e " -/ch-o2ve- dis(ri!u1n/ch s(upUov -o ori<in'06 v -(oro# s sen"'ci mu n(u# pro(o-o0u , 6 ( ->e &e v "'vis0os(i n ro"de0en$ n" -r'( po1e( !odov n 0o< mu n(u# 6 pre pr$p d6 >e o!e dis(ri!%cie s% ur1en6 !y podo!n/# poci(o#
prih0'siD ] n prih0'senie6 n s( viD6 od -(orho rovnic n #' !yD s( noven'6 !y !o0i v po#ere6 v -(oro# #' podne( od prve& dis(ri!%cie6 -(or # &% !yD dis(ri!uov n n druhe&. Pod2 nie-(or/ch n 0y(ic-/ch oper'ci$6 s oh2 do# n v0 s(nos(i 0o< ri(#ov pr'vo#oci !ude n -oniec viesD -
v"orec6 -(or/ do(er " rie.iD svo&u %0ohu6 pre(o>e u#o>Uu&e pre - >d/ po#er dis(ri!%cie n 6 -(or/ s( novu&e6 >e s -on' v p=vodno# pride0enie 7 poci(u mu n(u# op5D "odpoved &%ce s(i#u0 hodno( Ich'p n' v po#ere - hodno(eF6 -(or # &% !yD vypo1$( n' s( r.ie I - p. 79.F * .ie0 s%h0 s$. CeL0i6 n pr$-0 d6 n ] G6 po(o# ] ZK (& -eT podne(6 -(orho in(en"i( &e .(yri-r'( &e& #ed"n hodno(y6 -(or s% ro"0o>en vi c -o dvo&n'so!o- po1(u !odov6 ( ->e rovn -/ poci( mu n(u# pre!ieh 6 pre(o>e !e" ro"de0eni 6 -(or &e vhodn6 0e & #en.ie6 ne> &e # Oi#'0n ci(0ivos(i mu n(u#. Do (er " &eden vo vyso-o# n v/r "ne pro(i n "#i"ne6 v"orec s "&ednodu.$ v (o#(o
pr$p de n s0edu&%ce ApproOi# (iv3or#e0 n] -(or/ hovor$P podne(6 !y pos-y(o0 rovn -% poci(6 mu n(u#6 pre(o>e !e" ro"de0eni po si0no# dis(ri!%ci 6 !ude dis(ri!uov n/ v si(u'cii6 -(or' &e &e& v"D h - pr hov/ch hodn=( !0$"-ych6 (ed "os(%pi0 do-onc ( -#er n hr nici6 -de ve2-/ po1e( podr'>den/ch #ies( s0 !os(i in(en"i( -o#pen"ov D. Odvodenie v"orc " rovnice 0o< ] n 0o< &e (o(oP
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nn]n "7 . A& -eT " (i 2 ne#'#e >i dne pros(ried-y6 -o do- "u&% do(er &.ie # Oi#'0nu us( noveni pros(redn$c(vo# pri #e& s-%senos(i6 ( - " vesiD6 0e nu(n s ich po>i d v- #i spo0o1ne6 #=>u !yD 2 hos( &n6 -o s n Uu po"re0. Ter " o('""'u&#u pos-y(u&e d r. A- -on(ro0- poci(6 >e " nor#'0nych o-o0nos($ eOis(u&e ne"'vis0e n von- &.$ch sve(e0n/ch podne(ov v o-u6 poci( n o1i ch 1ierne6 #o>n pod 0e!o n d v/hodn. Podro!n/ v/"n # o('"-y &e (o(oP A-o do!re poci( " 1ierne& &e n d.en/ v n's6 0e!o s% s('0e pov >ov n " 6 v predch'd" &%cich dis-usi'ch6 -o (/#6 >e vid$ do!re ro"0i.ov D n$"-e vn$# nie sve(0 6 #=>e#e vidieD6 !y !o06 -(or/ #oho0 v (e&(o vn%(orn veci e-viv 0en( eO(ernho sve(e0nho podne(u6 n v/ro!u rovn -ho n$"-e& h0 diny osve(0eni poci(. Ter " !y s ( - v"h2 do# - ve2-os(i vy(v'r # Oi#'0ny poci(6 -eT s ro"de0$ ( -6 >e &eho in(en"i( s rovn' G6S78G8 ... #eri &eho #ed"n hodno(y6 (ed !y s ur1i( #no>s(vo sve(0 in(en"i(y poci(u vyro!en. Vyvs('v (ed o('"- 6 &e 1iern sve(0 do o- 0e!o (# v.ie ne> (ie(o v/hodn in(en"i(yb L A0e!o6 - s odr'> pri #o n psychoL3y"ic-' -(ivi( 6 -(or' &e "'vis0' n vn%(orn vn$# nie sve(0 6 s%1e( por s(ie rovn - 0e!o "n$>enie6 v pr$p de6 >e -(ivi( &e dis(ri!uov n/ vi c " hus($b A& -eT ne#=>e#e (u o !e"pe1ne ro"hodn%D -o s(re(nu(ie dvoch uh0ov poh2 du s #i "d' " viesD ur1i(% pr vdepodo!nosD6 >e n &h0!.i 1iern o- "odpoved' presne n &pr$nosne&.ie in(en"i(ou ( -6 >e v - >de& vn%(orn osve(0enie rovn - L v s-u(o1nos(i6 #=>e 1ierny o>iviD vn%(orn von- &.ie pr$1iny L s(r ( v"ni-'6 -edy psycho#o(oric- 1innosD6 -(or' sp=so!u&e6 >e (ie(o o!& sneni 6 !y s <eneru&e v51.iu dis(ri!%ciu ve2- su#y sen"'ci 6 0e nepred0o>i0 >i dny #en.iu s(r (u n - >d/ pred & !ude pod n &h0!.ie 1ernochov vi"u'0ny vne# !y s nie-edy !0$>i pr'"dno(u6 1o
&e pr$s(up6 -(or/ s#e s-u(o1ne po"orov D n hr nice "ornho po2 v u" vre(o# o-u. Prv #ies(o6 (o o('"- #us$ !yD v"nesen' v - >do# pr$p de6 1o !y s s( 0o v pr$p de6 >e pr$1inou vn%(ornho sve(0 6 -(or pr hov hodno(y !y # 0i pr$sD e.(e !0i>.ie6 ne> n &h0!.i 1iern o- 6 1o s s('v 6 pr$p de. Ce #o>n6 >e 1iern preh0!ov D > do pr hov T 0e&6 pre(o>e (u vi"u'0ny vne# (rochu " ni-'6 " (i 2 1o h0!.ie 1iern &e s('0e vi"u'0ny vne#. T ->e ( # #us$ !yD "0o#ov/# !odo# n d hr nicou6 od-i 2 " 1ne pohy!ov D do 1ierne& v " !udnu(i 6 &eden nevede06 1o !y # 0 ( -/ "0o#6 - (o nie &e n . # Oi#'0n in(en"i( 6 (rpe0 od s(r (y v ino# "#ys0e6 ne> vy..ie !ude. S#e n o" & ( - # Oi#'0nu "#ys0e6 0e v "#ys0e6 >e n &h0!.i 1iern . V pr$p de6 nie &e sp=so!6 -o !0ed !e"3 re!n o!r'"-y di <r #y6 -(or sprev'd" &% n .e !e>n preds( vivos(i6 " -(ore& s#e s e.(e ned' poved D6 >e s o!& v$ 1ierny p (r$ do -(ore& in(erv 0och #ed"i pr ho# n &vy..$ po1e( !odovb Pre&sD n predch'd" &%ci !od n s( ne n s0edovnP ?y "vy1 &ne nen'&de(e ni-de n s( venie6 ( ->e v n .o# or< ni"#e6 -(or s 1o n &#en.$# %si0$# -o &e (o #o>n " #oci pros(ried-ov6 "n 1n v/hody s% do-on1en. A- !y s-u(o1ne 1iern " nes(i#u0ov n/ch " von- &.e& s(r ny o- 6 -(or' "odpoved' (e&(o # Oi#'0ne& hodno(y6 v pr$p de6 !ude re 0i"ov n/ (/#6 >e s -o # 0/# %si0$# -o vn%(orn s(i#u0 0e!o e-viv 0en(n/ -ine(ic-e& ener<ie psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y6 0e ( - ve2- su#y !y !yD vy(voren/ poci(. S #o"re&#e6 >e (o v.e(-o "os('v 6 0e (er " 0en hypo("y. ? 0o !y (o v. - !yD v/s(i>n/6 !y s#e L (o &e nov/ spe-( "'u&#u6 1o #=>e sp=so!iD6 >e T 0e& s-%# D o!&e-( L v n &h0!.e& 1iern 6 -(or' &e v n .o# o-u6 s%1 sne n'0e" preds( vu&e prirod"en% "'-0 dn% &edno(-u vn$# nie sve(0 6 n s#e !o0i pred(/# " 1is(o # (e# (ic-ho h2 dis- . f 0e& !y s#e #oh0i vy& driD p r doO6 >e n &1erne&.ie noc (# v/ ude0i0 # Oi#'0ny & s6 # Oi#u# (o6 >e #=>e !yD dosi hnu(' v rovn -o# -v n(' sve(e0nho s(i#u0u. O-re# (oho #o>no v.i#n%D6 >e " (/ch(o pod#ieno-6 n &s0 !.$ vi"u'0ne vne#y sve(e0n eOci('ci 6 -(or pres hu&% o-o 1iernou6 p=&de v/r "ne %#ern' - se!e n v"'&o#6 -o dr> 0 - rdin'0n hodno(y poci( (o proporcion 0i(y Po s-=r. Podo!n pod#ien-y s%6 po-i 2 ide o ro"de0enie podne(u ce" #ies(nos(i n rovn -o# #ies(e v 1 se6 -eT & vo v"D hu - dis(ri!%cii6 (o &e v %p0ne n 0o<ic-/# odvodenie rovn -ho v"orc s#erod &n/ pre (o. *e!ude(e "$s- D n &v51.$ poci( mu n(u#6 - #'(e s('0e6 - nech'(e podne( " #er D n r "6 pos(upne ho ovp0yvUov D pri ve2-o# "rieden$. A0e # Oi#u# !ude ro!iD6 -eT spo0upr cu&e s ... GS78 n'so!opevnos(i &eho pr hu. To v. - ne"n #en'6 >e s #us$ v>dy -on D vo rovn -ou in(en"i(ou6 - &e s( v Rei"e#p35n<0ich-ei( or< ni"#u6 " -(orho pr hov' hodno( s(i#u0 s'# o se!e &e v pods( (e "'vis0/6 !y s # 0o "#eniD6 s-=r -o v s%0 de s o(upu&e Rei"e#p35n<0ich-ei( ro"hodo0 ( -(o - b o #er ni s "vy.u&e v"orec6 pr$D >0ivosD !ude #usieD s(%pnuD6 !y & n T 0e& produ-ov D # Oi#'0ne& ci(0ivos(i. Rovn - "'s dy s pou>$v &% v n s0edu&%cich pr$p doch. a >d/ vie6 >e pr$rodn/ s(i#u0 n(6 1o (o #=>e !yD6 do-onc & dis(ri!uov n
pries(oru 1 su6 1i u> #ed"i r="ny#i 2uT#i6 (o !uT v rovn -/ch 2ud$6 -(or$ pos-y(nu(/ch ce0e& >i dnu v/"n #n% v/hodu6 0e o ni1 #ene& (ie>6 >e (o nie &e vhodn6 s(i#u0 n( n oso!u 0e!o do!e pr$0i. hro# diD. *'. v"orec o!s hu&e princ$p pr ve& #iere6 - nie chcieD6 !y s ne& -o s-u(o1n/ spus(i(e2n/ (vrdenie po (o#6 ( e.(e r/ch0e&.ie o(upenie podr'>denosD u vrchov (% inici ($v s !ude !r D do %v hy. S% dis(ri!uov n cie2ove& peni "e 0e!o do!r6 1o (re! pov >ov D " !udenie s ro"u#ie s%1e( cenn/ch poci(y6 &e predov.e(-/# v princ$pe uvedeno# n .ich v"orcov " 0o>en'6 >e v51.in (oh(o bo(atst&a posta&y pre 8+astie mor2*k, 6 - #'(e (o n &chudo!ne&.ie "uer(ei0(6 0e nie #oc 3r <#en('cie6 ni pr$0i. ve2- -oncen(r'cie !ude v (o#(o pr$p de !ude n &v/hodne&.$. Dr> nie (ov r6 -de 10ove- dos( ne spo0u 0en provi"Erne6 r'd -o pr hov' hodno( # &e(-u v"orcov6 -(or s(e chce0i pou>iD n (en(o pr$p d6 &e po(re!n "v'>iD. *ech n .e dis(ri!u1n v"orec n preds( vu&e des (inn% hodno(u6 (o p0 ($ v pr$p de6 >e odvo0 nie !ude -on D vo v"D hu n 6 -(or # &% !yD dis(ri!uov n6 0e s-=r s%s(reden' v (e&(o si(u'cii. ; (oho #=>e !yD D h n/ s do!r/# v/s0ed-o#. D &(e podne( s s('0e vi c " #eri v n o!0 s(i 0e!o 1 se6 0i#i( &e ne-one1n/ po#er -oncen(r'cieK po(o# n ] dis(ri!%ci v"orec &e L ] eOpresie 0o< ] N &e "n'#y6 (o &e # (e# (ic-% n 0/"u
pro(o-o0u ] N 3ind.
Ten(o v/s0edo- s ned' vyr'! D i! v s-%senos(i6 pre(o>e - >d/ podne(6 & v pr$p de6 >e s pri #o do(/- i! &ednoduch/ !od 0e!o pr$sD "d D6 0e do ur1i(e& #iery p=so!$ o-o0o6 irr diier(6 -o s ur1i(/# * chd uer &edn' pre(rv'v 6 ( ->e & !odov/ o!r " hvie"dy s o!& v$ c(ino#orphic 0e!o -o # 0/ -ruh6 do(y- hro(u ih0y s c$(i0 o .$ren$ (0 -u v ur1i(/ch o!vode6 o- #>i( v"p0 nu(ie &eho vne#u v o-u6 - >d' spr'v opus($ re"onu&e v u.i ch. A0e #=>e(e n'&sD &edin/ #o>n/ pr$s(up v/s0ed-u6 >e n pr$-0 d - >d/ !ude pre3erov D "u! s (rhne6 0e nech D po# 0.ie vy"0iecD6 v.e(ci in.(in-($vne prednosD n &r/ch0e&.$ s#r(i n &n'si0ne&.$ch pros(ried-y po# 0 " !$& nie . S%1 sn' pr$s0u.n' n s0edu&%ce "o v"orc pre #er nie v "'vis0os(i n poci(e -v n(ove& ve2-os(i dis(ri!%cie6 !o0 pos-y(nu(' rovno#ern ro"0o>enie podne(uK T 0.ie i#p0i-'cie pre #er nie v"orc s (/- "'vis0os(i n sp=so!e dis(ri!%cie s(i#u0u. Ten(o "'ver &e " 0o>en/6 &e6 >e ce0-ov' ve2-osD poci( &e # Oi#u# pre v51.inu rovno#ern ro"0o>enie s(i#u0u. Po prv6 so# si n (%(o ve(uP A- &e s%1e( n 1$se0 6 b, c ] .... N &e6 rovn -o -o produ-( " 1$se0 &e # Oi#u#6 v.e(-y 1$s0 a, b, c, .... n v"'&o#6 (/#6 >e s(redn hodno(y s% rovn -. * pr$-0 d6 s%1e( N &e 7G6 1$s0 s% M6 ( ->e # Oi#'0n produ-( s "$s- Z . Z . Z ]
QZ. Produ-( Q. . Z. . G. !ude 0en Z86 v/ro!o- S. . Z. . 7 u- "u&%6 i! G8 USF Ten(o ?ier s v"D hu&e & - "0o#enin'#. * pr$-0 d6 v pr$p de6 >e 1$s0o 7 &e ro"de0en/ do M 3r -ci$K ( -6 !y 7 ` M . 7 ` M . 7 ` M # Oi# . Dod &#e6 (er " s prid 0 pripo#enu(ie6 >e s%1e( 0o< ri(#ov d n/ch 1$se0 &e rovn/ 0o< ri(#u ich produ-(u 1$s0 s 0o< ri(#y r s(% "#en.ov D6 n s0edu&%ce odvodenie &e pr$(o#n/ >i dny pro!0#. Predpo-0 d &#e6 >e &eden #' n sen(ien(n$ !ody6 -(or respe-($ve s in(en"i( #i , !, "... s% podr'>den6 ich s%1e( N &e n s0edu&%ci !ude s%1e( poci( prih0'siD E 0o< ! ^ 0o< "... = 0o< " "... ? Oi#'0n produ-( " ", ... s "$s- v s%0 de s vy..ie uveden/# ve(y6 - ] != !. . . ] 6 (/# (ed ce0-ov #no>s(vo poci(u. & # Oi#u# 0o< , ! "..., (/# # Oi#'0ne
A- s% v.e(-y !ody podr'>den o!0 s(i s% n d pr ho#6 p0i-'cie predch'd" &%ce& ve(y >i dny pro!0#. A0e -eT s(i#u06 -(or/ !y d=&sD rovno#ern ro"0o>enie n ve2-e& p0oche6 0e!o n d0h% do!u pod pr ho#6 pre(o d D >i dnu vedo#% poci(6 doch'd" " #er nie s n nie-(or spe-(y (e&(o o!0 s(i 0e!o 1 se ce" pr h6 on6 & n prie- &eho (er " nonLrovno#ern ro"de0enie vedo# vn$# nie6 -(or/ s "d' !yD v ro"pore s predch'd" &%cou ve(u. Ten(o pro!0# s vy"n 1u&e n s0edu&%ce po"orov ni P A- s% ne&edno(n v/s0ed-y dis(ri!%cie v po"i($vno# vedo#ho poci(u mu n(u# ur1i(/ch !odov v r'#ci vy..ie uveden/ch pod#ieno-6 ( ->e r s(ie " druhe& s(r ny6 preh0!ov nie !e"vedo#ie s(i hnu($# podne(u6 (/# s-=r6 >e pre "vy.o- !odov6 -(or vy!r nie pre v.e(-y rovn - ich # (e# (ic-ho op (ren$ ne< ($vne v poci( mu n(u# n'&de6 pre!y(o- (oh(o ne< ($vneho poci(u o po"i($vny mu n(u# pre-ro1$ nonL rovno#ern ro"0o>enie predpo-0 d nho ne< ($vneho poci(u mu n(u# v uni3or#e. To "n #en'6 >e # (e# (ic-' presnosD ve(y "os('v v p0 (nos(i6 -(or' vedie i! - # (e# (ic-#u po#eru 0e!o 0<e!r ic-/# s%1(o# vedo# nevedo# vn$# nie. A0e - &e (o nu(n6 !y s vedo# nevedo# vn$# nie6 n &#5 v o-u6 >e ne#=>e !yD pou>i(' pre ur1enie # Oi#'0ne vedo#ho poci(u6 n &#5. S-=r !o0o "is(en6 >e (o #=>e !yD v/hodn pre dis(ri!%ciu podne( v (o#6 -o nerovno#ern6 >e nie-(or !ody pre-ro1iD pr h n %-or os( (n/ch6 1$# s r/ch0osD pod pr hov% hodno(u h0!.ie. P/( #e A- s (er "6 1o n &v/hodne&.ie &e "$s- D 1o n &v51.ie #no>s(vo po"i($vneho vedo#ho poci(u6 (o !e" oh2 du n v/.-u "'pornho !e"vedo#i poci(6 >e (/# v"ni- &% " druhe& s(r ny6 ( ->e (o !ude prip$s n' n u> uveden/ch us( noven$6 (o &e ve2#i v/hodn -eT &e ve2-osD dis(ri!%cie sp=so! dis(ri!%cie &e " d r#o ce" neur1i(o ve2-e& o!0 s(i 0e!o 1 se6 ( -6 >e poch'd" &% " (e&(o o!0 s(i 0e!o 1 se pod pr ho#6 >e 1 sD6 -(or' &e n d hr nicou6 s G6S78G8 ... 0eho( &eho 0i#i(y podr'>den 1o n &rovno#erne&.ie po ce0e& svo&e& p0oche.
Text original
O-re# (oho6 >e &e pred!e>ne& pov hy6 si spo#en%D6 1o s 1os-oro n'&de &eho T 0.$ch die06 >e du. &e " s%# do(-nu(/ch ro"die0y v poci(e6 >e poci( od0i.nos(i6 s-=r ne> nie1o6 1o v s%1(e %1in-u * ch'd" ,ns( n(6 0e -o nie1o6 prid nie pre-r 1ov nie &e po(re!n v"i D do %v hy6 T ->e ce0' poci( v/-onu v r="ne podne(y nie &e prip$s (e2n ich -o#!inov n#u %1in-u. A0e v/s0edn/ e3e-( &e 1 sD 0e!o &edn s(r n ce0ho v/-onu6 "ro"u#i(e2nosD hovorov6 #o#en( vy(i hnuD & po druhe&6 n &#5 do %v hy6 pre(o>e ide o s #os( (n% po"ornosD schopn/.
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O-re# s%1(u poci(ov6 -(or #' 3un-ciu #no>s(vo sp=so! ro"0o>eni s(i#u0u n prie1 ino# 1 se 0e!o pries(ore !odov -on D6 &e (ie> d=0e>i( v"i D do %v hy ro"die0 vne#ov pod2 svo&e& "'vis0os(i n r="norodos(i podr'>denie v (/ch(o !odoch do %v hy. A0e s-=r6 ne> s#e s vyd 0i do v"orc s - ni# v"D hu&%6 !ude po(re!n6 !y s ro"die06 -(or/ ne!o0 u> pred(/# "d=r "ni06 1o &e e.(e d=0e>i(e&.ie.
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2 ide o S. 9. s(r ne rev$"ie 78M MMN Psych ? Aprin"ipien s 788
Poci( s #=>u 0$.iD &eden od druhho ve2#i do!re6 (o !e" ro"die0u &e (ed vn$# n/ -o ro"die06 vs(upu&e do vedo#i . Ten(o svie(i o- #>i(e s poci(#i6 -(or eOis(u&% v r="nych &edincov. T - ve2-/ ro"die0 #=>e !yD rovn -/6 ned' s c$(i0 e.(e6 0e poci( &e poci(6 druh/ &e vn$# n/6 0e ro"die0 ich nie &e poci(6 pre(o>e (o !o0o (o6 >e &eden s druh/# sp d' do rovn -e& vedo#i . Rovn -o ( - &e "re&#6 ( #6 -de s% ro"die0y poci(ov rovn -ho &edinc 6 -(or s% v 1 se6 T 0e-o od se! 6 >e 10ove- &e " !udnu('6 -eT vs(%pi do druhe&. A& -eT &e (o spo0o1n vedo#ie & ( #6 0e !e" p #5(i n d pohy!u&e od &ednho - druh#u6 "re&#e - pe0 ch/! vedo#ie6 1o &e ( -#er rovn - pre ro"die0 poh2 du. A ( - ich ro"die0 #=>e eOis(ov D 0en -o dve r="ne oso!y6 ni ne#=>e !yD vn$# n' -o ro"die0. Dv r="ne poci(y s% s('0e v>dy !uT n vy!udenie r="nych 1 s($ sen(ien(n$ or<'nu6 -o &e o-o6 -o> 6 so s$d0o#6 v -(oro# p (r$ do r="nych #ies(nos($6 0e!o !ude pos(upne n d.enie v r="nych do!'ch6 v -(oro# p (r$ do r="nych 1 soch6 0e!o6 n po-on6 s% r="ne i"!y p (r$ 1 sy s%1 sne6 pries(orov 1 sov pod#ien-y ich !udenie s% 00\e<s vy& driD vp0yv n (o6 1i -o s (en(o ro"die0 &e c$(iD6 0e s-u(o1n/ ro"die0 vne#ov "'vis$ i! " ich s-u(o1ne& ve2-os(i6 0e nie n von- &.$ch o-o0nos(i ch &e& v"ru.enie sp=so!o#. T - (o &e v.eo!ecne6 >e ro"die0 s%1 sne !yD predpo& (/ s r="ny#i or<'n#i 0e!o r="nych 1 s($ -o#ponen(ov or<'nov &e #ene& 2 h-o vidi(e2n6 -eT pos(upne s rovn -/#i 1 sD #i !yD ohr ni1en'6 - #ed"i(/# nie &e pr$0i. ve2-/6 ce0-ov' incidenci "#en -on.( n(n/ chy!y v "'vis0os(i n "#ene
pries(orov 1 sov u#ies(nenie "0o>ie- " n's ro!$ v.e(-y ve2-/ vp0yv (/ch(o pod#ieno- n sp=so!e6 -/# s% ro"die0y vn$# n ro"po"n D. T ->e #'#e pr$0e>i(osD eOis(enci r="nych poci(ov pripus(iD ich ro"die06 0e nep (r$ do vedo#i 6 #=>e ( - 2 h-o iden(i3i-ov D s ro"die0#i poci(y6 poci( ro"die0u6 & -eT in !y(i vec$ s rovn D6 v51.$ ro"die0 #ed"i poci(#i si0ne&.$ poci( ro"die0u nesie6 ( -6 >e " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($6 -o #=>e !yD pred#e(o# spo0o1n po"orov nie. V.eo!ecne6 v. -6 ro"die0 &e "n'#y #ed"i ro"die0#i6 -(or eOis(u&% #ed"i poci(#i6 !e" (oho !y !o0 in(erpre(ov n' -o ro"die0y6 (ie6 -(or n o" & uvedo#iD6 -o ro"die0y. O! !y # 0i ( #6 -de &e ich ro"die0 s n "/v sen"'ci ro"die0y6 0e!o &ednoducho v u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov 1i poci(y ro"die0ovK Tie> s#e s v/r "o# -on(r s(n poci(y #=>u po(re!ov D pre druh6 pre(o>e (o6 1o s n "/v -on(r s( s ove2 6 poci( "'-0 dn "hodu&e ro"die0y do&#y6 podne(y. A0e vy..ie uveden ne" !r'ni6 -de (o nie &e (o2-o po"$cie "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y v pr've spo#$n n/ch %"-y "#yse0 vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov -on30i-( -o n spo0o1no# poh2 de n rovn -/ch veci ch -o pred #eno# pou>$v D "'>i(-ov ro"die0y v .ir.o# s0ov "#ys0e6 ne> !e>ne&.ie pre o! !y D >-o #o>no n'&sD T 0.ie spo0o1n/ n'"ov pre o!e pripo&eni nie &e 2 h-o pr vdepodo!ne ne& snosD o "#ys0e pou>i(i . S &e predch'd" &%c ro"0i.ov D n s0edu&%ce "& vn/ ro"por vyrie.iD. *ech &(e (En 0e!o sve(0o n d pr hov% si0u s('0e r s(ie6 ( ->e #'#e poci(6 >e po-r 1u&%ci r s( ce" v.e(-y #ed"i2 h0 hodno(y " ni>.e& n vy..ie hodno(y6 - >d/ n &#en.$ n'r s( podne(ov sp=so!u&e po(re!n% "v/.enie ci(0ivos(i6 0e!o i! po(o# poci(u ni>.i #=>u vys(%piD n vy..ie hodno(y. T ->e - >d/ n &#en.$ n'r s( podne(ov s(i#u0ov ro"die0 s pre& vu&e v nie-o2-/ch "odpoved &%cich "'>i(-ov/#i 1 sovho ro"0$.eni 6 poci( od0i.nos(i. ; druhe& s(r ny6 0e s-u(o1nosD6 >e n pr hu ro"die0 n'# u-'" 0 6 >e nie - >d/ n &#en.$ n'r s( podne(ov6 s(i#u0 ro"die0 &e c$(iD n d pr ho#6 0e (o is( &e po(re!n ur1i( ve2-os(i6 in - &e nepo"orov (e2n/. Pr$0i. # 0/ 2 h-/ ro"die0 ne!ude c$(iD. )e0' #e(Ed 0en "re&# ro"die0y v"h2 do# - (o#u. Tu s% dve s-u(o1nos(i6 "d' s 6 >e v ro"pore s pri #o. Po(o#6 1o prv/ " - >dho n &#en.ieho s(i#u0 1nho ro"die0 &e c$(iD n d pr ho#6 v "'vis0os(i n druhe& nie &e poci(6 0e vy> du&e i! ur1i(% -one1n% ve2-osD. A0e 3 -(y ne#=>e odporov D pr vde6 0e ro"por #=>e odpo1$v D 0en pod2 n'.ho n'"oru6 (/#6 >e spo"n'6 1o &e (o is(6 ( ->e "d n0iv/ ro"por &e6 pre(o>e 0en (o6 >e s#e n vedo#ie6 >e &e pr$p d pre o!y1 &n poci( ro"die06 druh' - &e ! d (e2nho ro"die0uK 0e pr h ro"die0 &e 0en o('"-ou nes-or.ieho. V s-u(o1nos(i6 - (En 0e!o sve(0o s('0e r s(ie6 0e r s(ie poci(6 s#e schopn$ do!re pes(u&e poci(6 0e r s( -o ( -/ &eden #us$ !yD o!"v0'.D vedo#/ ro"die0u &e6 -o s#e chce0i vy& driD s #i se! 6 nero"o"n (e2n/ v poci(e6 -/# r s( dosi hne 0e!o pre-ro1$ ur1i(% ve2-osDK po(o# #=>e#e !yD (ie> "v0'.D vedo#$ (oho6 >e nes-=r poci( &e v51.i -o !/v 0/6 vyvodiD "'ver6 pod2 -on(inui(y Prin"ip6 >e #us$ (ie> vyr's(o0 ( # ce" v.e(-y #ed"i2 h0 s(upUov6 !e" (oho !y (o s#e # 0i r s( s-r"e n &#en.ie ro"die0y #oho0 venov D so .peci3ic-/#i poci(#i. ; (o6 >e #=>e#e pou>iD & poci( ro"die0y v u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e6 pre(o>e s% #ed"i
poci(y6 !e" (oho6 !y !o0 e.(e vn$# n' -o ro"die0y ro"0i.ov D s-u(o1ne vn$# n -o ( - ro"die0y -o v poci(e r s(%ce& n &#5 " dr> ne& "'>i(-ov ro"die0y. Ce po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e ro"die0 #ed"i "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y vn$# n ro"die0y v ne1innos(i6 v pr$p de6 >e - >d/ n &#en.$ ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# poci(#i !y s n o" & c$(i06 s-=r vn$# n/ ro"die0 s poci(o# ro"die0y !y s "hodov 0o. Ter " #=>e(e vo v.e(-/ch #o>n/ch oh2 doch6 -o &e ro"die0 #=>e !yD poci(6 #ys0$#6 >e & v pr$p de -o o!#ed"u&%ce pr$p de6 >e #' s-u(o1ne n &#en.$ ro"die06 -(or/ eOis(u&e6 !y s (ie> c$(i06 -(or !y o"n 1u&% # Oi#'0nu #ieru -on(r s(ne& ci(0ivos(i. V (o#(o oh2 de6 poci( ro"die0 #o>no v>dy iden(i3i-ov D s ( -/# o!#ed"eni # pr$p d6 "'-ony pod#ien-y6 po-i 2 ide o "'vis0osD ci(0ivosD hodno(y po#erov n podne(y6 -(or "os('v &% 2 hos( &n$ - -/#-o2ve- s(upUo# ci(0ivos(i6 & -eT !y (o #oh0o !yD uveden i! n vn$# n ro"die0y6 0e prenos n "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y u#o>Uu&%6 -o !y s#e si preds( viD6 >e ci(0ivosD i! - &eho 0i#i(u "v/.i06 !y !o0o vidieD ve2-osD "n (e2nho ro"die0u "hodov D s poci(o# ro"die0u. T -6 "'-on @e!er #' !yD preu-'" n' i! n vn$# n ro"die0yK 0e (o ne!r'ni (o#u6 !y si (o v/s(i>ne n Sens (ion ro"die0y v u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e6 odvodiD " ne& -on"u0('cii # (e# (ic-ho po#ocn "'s dy6 "'-0 dn/ v"orec pre # 0 "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y6 -(or po(o# vedie - #er nie v"orce6 n s0edu&%ce& - pi(o0e s po"orov n/ ro"die0 v"orec. Po&e# ro"die0 vne#ov &e oso!i(n/ "'-on vedo#i 6 -(or6 -o s#e vide0i6 v s eOis(enciou poci(ov nie &e d n' s # o se!e6 0e e.(e "v0'.(ne pod#ien-y vy"/v "'veru. Ho #=>e#e n "v D -( vedo#ie vy..ie -o &ednoduch/ poh2 d n poci(6 (o vy> du&e porovn nie #ed"i v51.inou poci(#i6 ( - vedo#ie o v"D hu #ed"i ni#i. Po&e# duchovne& v/.-y doch'd" (u prv/-r'( po prie!ehu s( novene& n's de&e6 (o prv/ v/s-y( &e po(re!n pov >ov D " --o2ve- " 1i (-u. )h'pe#e (en(o po&e# T 0e& v.eo!ecne ( -6 >e - si vedo#/ v"D h 0e!o s%vis0osD #ed"i & v#i 9 # s% !s(r -(n 0e!o -on-r(ne6 vy..i -o b s n "/v . Bo v.e(-o n . du. 6 -(or' " hgU vedo# v"D h v.e(-/ch svo&ich & vov6 -(or * &vy..i !s(r -(n6 &ednoduch poci( "o v.e(-ho &e * &vy..i * &ni>.i !e(En6 &edno( vedo#i v n's (o6 1o &e v n's. V s-u(o1nos(i6 #us$#e ro!iD ro"die0 #ed"i !s(r -(n -on-r(nu ver"iu v/.-y v. de6 pod2 (oho6 -o si #ys0$#e6 >e v"D h !s(r -(n 0e!o v s%vis0os(i s T -6 #=>e#e !s(r -(n poci( ro"die0u 0e!o si #ys0$(e6 >e r="ne vne#y6 & -eT vn$# n ro"die0y. V dis-usii o ce0e& S(u3en! ues duchovne& v/.-y u 2ud$6 (o u> nie &e v/ni#-ou6 0e prv/ -ro- (oh(o re!r$- s#eru v/s(upu s (/- &% se! i! prv/. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 u-'" D v n s0edu&%cich - pi(o0'ch6 -(or vn$# &% ro"die0 op (renie nie &e o ni1 #ene& schopn/ -o poci(y s #i6 #ed"i -(or &e vyro!en'6 >e o! ro"#ery #=>u !yD odde0en pripo&enK >e #ene& ro"die0y #ed"i "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y ne#=>u !yD vn$# n6 (ie(o vy..ie poci(y v "'s de #er (e2n6 &e pri #o do-'" n6 >e vy..ie duchovn6 !s(r -(n -o !e(En6 s(upeU nie &e #ene& dos(upn ne> ni>.ie6 >e &e (ie> Princ$p &e (u vys(%piD " ni>.e& do vy..e&6 nie &e ch/! . S#e prehH!iD predch'd" &%ce %v hy6 po(o# "is($#e6 >e ro"die06 -(or/ s#e n .0i6 !y s #ed"i dvo# (yp#i "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y6 s v"D hu&e & n poci(y s #i6 - - >d/ poci(6 #=>e !yD (ie> pov >ov n' " sen"'ciou ro"die0 od nu0y6 vice vers . V
s-u(o1nos(i6 s s(re('v #e v poci(och o "& vn pro(i-0 doch rovn -ho druhu6 -o v poci(e ro"die0y6 -(or #=>u !yD rie.en rovn -/# sp=so!o#. Rovn -o -o s(i#u0 pre-ro1$ pr h6 n s( ne po n .o# #er n$ v"orc poci(6 -eT s('0e vys(upu&e -o nie1o vi c6 ne> &e pr hov' hodno( . A0e (en(o poci( # D n p #5(i ( -/# sp=so!o#6 >e #=>u porovn'v D s os( (n/#i6 >e #'#e v ino# 1 se6 0e!o -(or s% n d.en$6 v in/ch or<'noch po(o# &u od0i.u&e od os( (n/ch6 1o #=>e !yD 0en v pr$p de6 >e # &% ur1i(% si0u !o0o dosi hnu(. Do (e& do!y6 s n'# (o p'1i vedo#ie v n$"-o# "#ys0e vo0 nie s(ru1nos(i6 n po0y pri vedo#$6 n vy.e vy..i pri vedo#$6 p0ne pri vedo#$ -r'(-o. a dispo"$cii &e ch r -(eris(ic-/ ro"die0 #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# s(upU #i vedo#i . V po0Lvedo# poci(y6 ne#=>e(e si spo#en%D6 p0ne pri vedo#$ ne#=>e(e. Ten(o ro"die0 &e spo&en' s ro"die0o# v pov he o!och. A- chce(e ro"0i.ov D #ed"i poci(o# druhe&6 &e po(re!n si uvedo#iD6 >e s pre-r/v &% n rovn -e& 0e!o dr> D spo0u rovn -/. Pr hov' hodno( p0nho vedo#i 6 &e (o#u ( - pre(o6 -de &e #o>nosD p #5(i pre!ud$6 #' (ed "v0'.(nosD #i ve2#i d=0e>i(/ v/"n #. Be"po1e( poci(y #=>e#e # D n po0y v !e"vedo#$6 !e" (oho !y s#e schopn$ &u p #5( D. A-' &e pr vd o poci(och6 #=>e !yD ro".$ren' n ce0 vedo#ie. Vo chv$0i6 -eT s #u> pre!udi0 s-oro r'no6 nie &e v rovn -e& do!e6 -edy s !ude o &eho pre!udenie vedo#i 6 0e!o #=>e !yD vedo#/6 0e !de0os(i6 #us$ n &prv pre-vi( &% do ur1i(e& #iery 0e!o dosi hnuD o>ivenie "n #en' ur1i(% si0u. * op -6 - nie-(o " sp$6 vy&de vy..ie vedo#ie (oho6 1o #' &eho vedo#i 6 (rochu pred p0n/# sp'n-u. *i-(o ne#=>e ni-dy p #5('# n (% chv$2u6 -edy " sp 06 -eT s pre!udi0. V s-u(o1nos(i6 s " !e"pe1$6 !y s do!re "$s- D sp'n-u6 > do po0ovice po1$( nie. To po(o# " sp$ n o" &6 ( ->e si !ude(e #=cD ni-dy spo#en%D6 - !o0i -one1n 1$s0 6 -(or/ s po1$( 0 do &edne& sp$. Vo v51.e& (rv ni s( ve n po0y pri vedo#$ ;d' s 6 >e s vys-y(u&% s opi0s(vo# )h0oro3or#ierun<K pre(o>e " up0ynu0/ opi(/ in(oOi-'cie 1 s(o v=!ec nie &e &eho #o>n spo#en%D6 1o s di 0o po1 s in(oOi-'cie s ni#i oni ro!i0iK od (e& do!y ne& - ch0oro3or#o# v/-ri- !o0es(i po1 s oper'cie6 " -(or/ch vi c po(o# nevedi ni1. Ce (o(i> nesporn6 &e (o ( - c$(i0 poci( ro"die0uK poci(6 >e &e p0ne pri vedo#$6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 >e !y (o #oh0o nie-edy !yD vedo#$6 nie i! n po#ere s(i#u0u6 0e & #ier po"ornos(iK 0e #y s#e (u6 rovn -o -o v #inu0os(i v>dy rovn -' #ier n p5(i po"ornos(i ( - T 0e-o6 >e "'0e>$ n -o#-o2ve- vopred6 !y 0en - (o#u6 1o "'vis$ od ve2-os(i podne(ov do %v hyKv"h2 do# - " s(%peniu po"ornos(i i! n vn%(orn/ch psychophysics6 re1 #=>e !yD. *'&de(e &e " r'> &%ce #o>no !y (o #oh0o !yD a priori ne#o>n "is(iD6 >e -on(r s(n poci(y6 #=>e v"ni-n%D poci(y ro"die0ov6 rovn -o -o do!r #ed"i po se!e6 ne> s%1 sn/ch do&#y6 0e!o do-onc #ed"i !/v 0ou e.(e #=>e !yD v/r "ne&.ie -o #ed"i (/#i(o or<'n#iK -o #=>e #inu0osD e.(e uro!iD svo& v"D h s -(u'0ne n'ro-ub Ter " #'#e po(re!u s n'# " po&iD ce" (% (er " .pe-u0'cie6 pre(o>e n .e v"orce s% " 0o>en 0en n s-u(o1nos(i6 $sD n s-u(o1nos(i6 (o &e ( - -o ( -. ?ed"i(/#6 &e #o>n pou-'" D n (o6 >e pos0edn/ do&e# v s%1 sne& do!e
pre(rv'v v spore e.(e %1in-y6 -(or s vys-y(u&% n nov/ch do&#ov vo v"D hu6 (o &e ce0-o# #o>n6 >e pos(upne vy-on n n rovn - 1 s(i (e0 do&#y s% pre(o 2 h-o od0$.iD " rovn -/ch pod#ieno- -o s%1 sne n r="nych 1 s(i ch (e0 6 pre(o>e " 1 sovo pries(orovo u#ies(nen/ su-"edierende su-"edierenden "o!r "enie pre(o ponech D nie #ie. nie n's0ed-y6 " (i 2 1o do&#y s%1 sne %1in-y s% "'vis0 n p0e(ivo. A0e (o !y # 0o !yD "ri den 0en -o ne3or#'0neho hypo("y (u.
77III. Ro)3 !, v)or!%. ,;

A- &e nu(n #er D ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# poci(#i6 herec(vo dv 6 v ino# 1 se 0e!o pries(ore !odov6 podne(y s% vyr'! n6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 1i &e (en(o ro"die0 !o0 vn$# n/6 0e!o nie6 ( ->e ro"die0 poci( v pr vo# s0ov "#ys0e predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0y6 pre #er nie vn$# ne& ro"die06 po(o#6 s #o"re&#e6 0en ro"die0 v !so0%(nych ro"#eroch6 -(or s v"D hu&% - &edno(0iv/# poci(y s0%>iD. Tie(o ro"#ery s% d n #er nie v"orce6 pre(o &e #ier poci(u ro"die0u 2 h- ur1iD -o ro"die0 dvoch d n v"orco# n #er n/ch hodn=(.
7F
Po-i 2 ide o S. 9. Rev$"i s. 78Z 3
BuT(e dv poci(y6 ro"die0 p0 ($6 >e n ur1enie6 , !, spo&en podne(y , !, " 1 D s n &&ednoduch.ie predpo-0 do# &e rovn -' ci(0ivosD , ! Predpo-0 d' s pre(o6 b pre o! -on.( n(n/6 #'#e od prvho ro1n$- #er ni v"orc I- pi(o0 7QF6 dve rovnice = k I0o< L 0o !o0o odvoden v"orec I- pi(o0 7QF rovn -/# sp=so!o#. S%1 sne v"orc s#e (ie>6 1i #'#e druh% 3or#u #er ni v"orc s#e po(o# prv/-r'( 6 v"orec6 -(or/6 pod2 por di 6 vy"n 1u&%ci s (/#6 >e 0o< ri(#us podie0 &e n s( ven/ #us$ !yD " 0o>en6 -o
n ro"die0 <u2 (iny6 s redu-u&e n predch'd" &%cu. Ten(o v"orec !ude#e vo0 D &ednoduch/ ro"die0 v"orec 0e!o -r'(-y ro"die0 v"orec p r eOce00ence. * #ies(o (oho6 !y s s( novu&e ro"die0 v"orec sp=so!o# uveden/# " #er n$ v"orc 6 #=>u !yD "$s- n pri #o in(e<r'ciou "'-0 dn/ v"orec -o v.eo!ecne&.$ #er nie v"orec6 o v.e(-o6 1o po(re!u&e#e6 &e in(e<r'ci -on.( n( pri odvod"ov n$ #er n$ v"orc n s( ven$# poci( rovn/ nu0e6 -eT podne(y b s( noven !o0 ch r -(eri"ov n/ ur1iD6 >e s#e v.eo!ecne poci( = ! n s(i#u0'ciu hodno(y " se(. Ce vidieD6 >e pr hov' hodno( b "#i"o0 " ro"die0u v"orc . T ->e - " nevedo#os(i pr hov/ch hodn=( nie &e !so0%(ny# #er d0o# ci(0ivos(i pros(redn$c(vo# #er n$ v"orc s'# o se!e &e (o #o>n6 0e s('0e s0%>i &ednoduch/ ro"die0 v"orec porovn D "'>i(-ov ro"die0y v "'vis0os(i od ich ve2-os(i6 - &e pr hov' hodno( #=>e !yD pos-y(nu(' 0en -o -on.( n(n/.f 0e& s uv'd" 6 >e poci( ro"die0 v.eo!ecne 3un-ci$ s(i#u0 1n ro"die0u6 0e s(i#u0 v"D h &e rovn -/ %#ern/ 0o< ri(#u. Tu s "d' preds( vov D ro"por. A- n'. v"orec (vrd$6 univer"'0nu p0 (nosD6 #us$ (o p0 (iD pre # 0 i ve2- ro"die0y6 0e pod2 "'-0 dnho v"orc p0 ($ pre # 0 ro"die0y vo v/r "e
pod2 -(orho poci( ro"die0 s-=r re0 ($vn s(i#u0 1n' ro"die0ov &e %#ern/ 0o< ri(#u s(i#u0u -o po#er6 -(or/6 v.eo!ecne poved n6 ve2#i od0i.n/ch pod#ien- ch. ?ed"i(/#6 #=>e !yD preu-'" n6 >e ( -(o s "hodu&% v pr$p de ve2#i # 0 ro"die0y v ci(0ivos(i o! & po#ery6 ( ->e vr'(i ro"die0 v"orec "'-0 dn/ v"orec pre (en(o pr$p d. Dv poci(y ^ d , " -(or/ch druh/ 0en # 0% pr$r s(o- d s 0$.i od prvho6 nech &(e spo&en podne(y ^ d , 1o &e 0en o # 0e& ve2-os(i d 0$.i6 ( ->e #'#e6 (/# ^ d -o dv od0i.n poci(y6 E d -o n'hr d " "odpoved &%ce podne(y v ro"die0e v"orc 6 prv/ . Av. - v"h2 do# n (o6 &e ve2#i # 0/6 s #=>e6 v - p. 7Z " -on(r -ci$ K M v
s du 6 -de M &e #odu0. T/#(o "$s- #e d ] K &ednoducho# -on.( n(n K , 1o &e "'-0 dn/ v"orec.
*ie #ene& ne> "'-0 dn v"orce6 #er nie v"orec #=>e !yD repre"en(ov n/ -o oso!i(n/ pr$p d ro"die0u v"orce6 6 -o !o0o uveden vy..ie6 odvodiD ro"die0 v"orec s'# rovn &%cu -o v.eo!ecne&.i v"orec #er nie "o "'-0 dnho v"orc . ?er nie v"orec &e n &#5 pr$p d ro"die0 v"orc &e #ies(o6 -de &eden " dvoch poci(ov6 #ed"i -(or/#i &e ro"die0 &e nu0ov/6 (/# & s%visi ce podne( "$s- pr h6 " predpo-0 du6 >e ro!i s &ednoduch vne# pochopenie -o ro"die0 od nu0ove& hodno(y poci(u. A!ude#e (er " != N ! ] b, po(o# "'p s v/s0ed-y pri #o s #er c$# v"orc . Dos den$# ] N ] b, dos( ne#e prv/ . Av. - po-i 2 ide o v0 s(nos(i 0o< ri(#ov I- p. 7ZF ] 6 #'#e
prenos hodn=( (e&(o rovnice s op 1n/# "n #ien-o# n druh% s(r nu rovnice 6 * druhe& s(r ne6 (v r #er nie v"orce. Po(o#6 ro"die0 v"orec6 hoci odvoden/ " #er n$ v"orc 6 -(or/ s'# &e odvoden/ "o "'-0 dnho v"orc 6 0e s% pov >ov n " v.eo!ecne&.ie dv 6 -o s vynori0 " nich6 & (ie6 d D ho sp5D. V Ge!r uch (re! ro"die0 v"orec o "#ys0e "n #en$6 -(or Ro"die0 " ! pre -o#uni-'ciu #o>no predpo-0 d D. Hodno( " ! &e -0 dn/ 0e!o "'porn/ v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i R ! 0e!o o !. a0 dn' hodno( " ! &e s #o"re&#e veri06 >e poci( prev >u&e -(or podne(y po1%v 0i ne< ($vny >e poci( " prev >u&e6 -(or podne(y " po1%v 0. T ->e -on(r s( "n #enie v.eo!ecne "n #en' opo"$cii v s#ere poci(u ro"die0u6 o! & poci(y n d pr ho#6 0e!o & pod pr ho#6 0e!o &eden ce" druhho6 #=>e !yD pod pr ho#. Ten(o v/"n # o"n 1eni &e po(re!n uviesD -o v.eo!ecn/ poci( n ro"die0K 0e nie &e (u v.eo!ecne in(erpre(ov D -on(r s( "n #enie -o -on(r s( vedo#i nevedo#i poci( ro"die0ov. ,! v -on-r(no# pr$p de6 -edy !y "n$>enie ! ] N 0e!o ] N s "ni>u&e ro"die0 v"orec pre #er nie v"orce6 -on(r s( "n #enie ro!$ u> 0en "os('v &%ce !so0%(ny "#yse0 pre se! n v/"n #e ro"die0 #ed"i vedo# nevedo#6 6 pre(o>e (o &e pr've n op - s v"D hu&e i! n po#ere poci(o# n nu0ov% poci(6 0e nie n in poci(y. A- si #ys0$(e6 >e # (e# (ic-/ d=s0edo- neu#o>Uu&e6 -o !so0%(ne hodno(y poci(o# pochopiD -on(r s( "n #enie ( -/# "v0'.(ny# sp=so!o#6 !e" (oho6 !y "ov.eo!ecUov D (en(o v/"n # pre sen"'ciou ro"die06 ( ->e (o !ude 0en nu(n "novu6 !y s-=r6 # D n p #5(i6 pou>i(/ p r 0e0n/ pr$-0 d " n 0y(ic-e& <eo#e(rie n
"ru.enie vidieD o! vy. Pred(/#6 ne> !so0%(ne hodno(y po0o#eru ve-(or v sys(#e po0'rnych s%r dn$c -on(r s(u "n #enie "n #en' opo"$ciu s-u(o1n 3i-($vneK 0e (en(o v/"n # (ie> neu#o>Uu&e pre ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# po0o#er#i ve-(orov r, r ! <ener 0i"ov DK s-=r "n #en'6 >e "n - r " r ! & v.eo!ecne 0en v s#ere " ro"die0u #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# 6 1i &eden &e v51.$ 0e!o #en.$ -o druh -on(r s(u s-u(o1n 3i-($vne6 i! - r ! 0e!o r = N To &e ce0-o# n 0E<y n .o# pr$p de. Vedie rovn -#u "'veru6 " s(upov nie po"i($vne ne< ($vne s0ov "#ys0e o -0 dn/ch "'porn/ch hodn=( s%r dn$c6 " (i 2 1o hodno(y s(i#u0 1n (vor$ o!dH>ni-ov/ %se1-u. ?=>e#e ro!iD ro"die0 dvoch -0 dn/ch s%r dn$c rovn/ch " ! v"i D6 oni !ud% ne< ($vne pod2 n'.ho ro"die0 v"orc 6 -edy R . 6 0e #' (o "'porn/ ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# po"i($vny#i s%r dn$c6 0e pod2 Duch n 0y(ic-e& <eo#e(rie "#ys0e %p0ne in/ ne> rovn - ve2- "'porn ro"die0 &edne& osi n nu0u6 1o nie &e ni1 in6 ne> &ednoduch ne< ($vne osi s'# T$ ro"die0 sp d' %p0ne do pries(oru6 -(or/ preds( vu&e vedo#ie ce0e& #ies(nos(i6 1o preds( vu&e v !e"vedo#$K v/"n # !e"vedo#ie6 -(or/ p (r$ do druhe& ro"die0u6 ( ->e ne#=>e !yD preveden' n !/v 0e&6 0e (ie> nie &e v ro"pore s n$#6 0e (ie(o dve veci s% .peci'0ne pr$p dy v.eo!ecne&.ie poU (ie "n #enie ro"pore. *'. poh2 d &e (ed %p0ne v duchu # (e# (i-y6 (o !y >i dn -ore0'ci v"orcov s-u(o1nosDou s in/# pr$s(upo# s vyd D. O-re# (oho &e vidieD6 >e (v r di3eren1n rovnice6 &e rovn -' -o pri #er n$ v"orc 6 - s pre poci( ro"die0 " ! n s( venie &edno p$s#eno6 o-re# (oho6 >e hodno( s(i#u0u s n #ies(o pr hove& hodno(y #er n$ v"orc 6 pro(i pov >u&e#e " druh6 n #ies(o v/-0 de "n #enie n vedo# nevedo# v/-0 du s#eru ro"die0u. * "'-0 de (e&(o %v hy s% v.e(-y "'-ony v"D hy6 -(or #=>u !yD odvoden " #er ni v"orc pre !so0%(nu "'>i(-ov/#i hodn=(6 do-onc & ro"die0y prevodi(e2n n op -. T -6 ( #
s#e ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# poci(#i verL n n'&sD6 v"p0 nu06 -eT po#er " podne(ov6 -(or p (ri do poci(ov6 n -(or n L(ho "vy.u&e v/-on6 pre(o>e #'#e poci(6 verL s 3oundL" nie(i0i6 -eT po#er podne( - pr hov hodno(y n n" (/ ener<ie s "vy.u&e. +en ( - #=>e#e v.e(-o6 1o s hovor$ o v"D hu prir diD priechod poci( s(i#u0u6 pride0en/ do re3eren1nho !odu prechodu #ed"i sen"'ci ro"die0u odvo0 nie6 o ni1 d0h.i i! "'-0 dn hodno(y s(i#u0 1nho -o po#er pro(i pr hu6 0e pro(i podne(u6 po-i 2 ide o -de &e ro"die0 pov >ov n/ " 6 !y s . Po"oruhodn/ s%!or6 -(or/ u> s-=r Ipo"ri - pi(o0u 7SF !o0 pou>i(' n ospr ved0nenie #er nie v"orc 0en v (rochu ino# s0ov 6 n s('v 6 -eT s#e s ro"s hu podne(y , !, ", !".... !e" oh2 du n (o6 1i r den pod2 por di ich ve2-os(i6 0e!o nie6 s poci( od0i.nos(i - >dho " nich n T 0.ie6 v "'vis0os(i6 s%1e( (/ch(o ro"die0ov. S%1e( (/ch(o ro"die0ov &e poci(6 poci( ro"die0y #ed"i eO(r#ny#i
podne(y " rovn -e& srie. V s-u(o1nos(i s#e 0en nu(n s%1e( 0o< ri(#ov 6 (T re 0i"ov D v 0o< ri(#u produ-(e (oh(o po#eru n'&sD po(vrdi0 (%(o ve(u. V"orec pre "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y #o>no 2 h-o "ov.eo!ecniD n recep( n ro"die0y ci(0ivos(i ro"die0ov. A- s vyd'#e poci( ro"die0u " ! ] , 6 podr'>den/ po#er Ro"die0 "" ] , !, spo&en s(i#u0 peni "e , ( ->e #'#e , ] k 0o< pre(o ] 6 in/ poci(
, ] k 0o<
Ten(o v"orec &e v.eo!ecne&.$ ne> v"orce p0 (n pre &ednoduch "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y6 " (i 2 1o o-o0o v rovn -e&6 - &eden n s( v$ , = N6 1o so se!ou nesie != 76 ! ] !. " *ie #ene& vedie - "ov.eo!ecneniu "'-0 dnho v"orc re -ciou n ro"die0 v"orc , ] K 0o< di3erencov n6 1$# s "$s-
-(or/ &e rovn -/ in(e<r'ciou v.eo!ecn/ v"orec , L , ] k 0o< s#e pr've dos( 0i ces(y - os( (n/#. ;ov.eo!ecnenie n ro"die0 v"orc v ino# "#ys0e6 dos( ne#e6 -eT s#e n #ies(o pr%du6 !so0%(n ci(0ivosD6 pre(o hodno( b p=so!en$# dvoch podne(y , ! n s( ven/ -o rovn/ s r="ny#i pr hov/#i hodno( #i6 respe-($ve b, b ! #=>e pre!ieh D " (o. Po(o# s hr nic ne"#i"ne "o v"orc 6 dos( ne#e I7F 6
IGF
IMF IZF Cedn' s i! o r="ne 3or#y rovn -ho v"orc 6 #o>no s(ru1ne spo#en%D #ed"n ro"die0 v"orec. V/r " IGF n'# hovor$6 >e poci(6 ro"die0 &e v.eo!ecne %#ern' 0o< ri(#u podie0 dvoch "'-0 dn/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch , -(or' " (/ch de0en (oh(o v/ro!-u s%. V/r " IMF6 -(or/ &e 0o< ri(#us po#eru %#erne s (/#6 "$s- n% pri po#er podne(ov s po#er#i s%visi cich pr hov/ch hodn=( ro"de0en/. V/r " IZF -one1ne6 >e poci( ro"die0 "ni>u&e 0e!o "vy.u&e v "'vis0os(i n pr hov hodno(y o ro"die0 ci(0ivos(i # 0e!o # ! 6 &e v51.ie v pr$p de6 >e s n &prv 0o< &e pos0edn/6 - &e "'porn' po"i($vny. A- !y s#e (er " -o si0ne&.$ podne(6 pr h #us$ b ! s0 !.$ s(i#u0 !y # 0 !yD v51.$6 ( - po"i($vny poci( ro"die0 vos-y6 s#e si s( novi0i " -o si0ne&.$ s(i#u06 ( ->e op5D #us$ pr h b v51.ie s0 !.$ podne(6 ( - ne< ($vne vn$# nie ro"die0 r s(ie. Gener 0 (& poci( ro"die0 r s(ie o ro"die0 ci(0ivos(i 0e!o "ni>u&e v "'vis0os(i n pr hu s0 !.ie 0e!o si0ne&.ie s(i#u0 &e v51.$6 pre(o &e si0ne&.$ 0e!o s0 !.$ s(i#u0 &e vn$# n/ s v51.ou ci(0ivosDou. S% pr hov hodno(y v rovn -o# po#ere -o podne(y6 -u -(or/# p (r$6 ( ->e poci( ro"die0 %p0ne "#i"ne. T ->e (o nie &e (o is(6 1o s (/- ro"die0ov vn$# nie6 1o s#e n .0i s-=r6 pre poci( !"u1 nie6 >e nie &e pods( (n6 1i s% ci(0iv n si0ne&.ie s0 !.ie s(i#u0 1n s\ pu. ?i#ochodo#6 u- "u&e rovn -/ v"orec6 >e & -eT ro"die0 b b 6 0e (en poci( ro"die0u &e "n 1ne ne"'vis0' n dv 6 - 0o< v/r "ne opro(i pro(o-o0u "#i"ne6 (o &e6 -eT podne(y 6 ! n ve2-6 pr hov hodno(y b, b ! v n$"-ych po#eroch 0$.i. Ro"die0ov/ pr h v"orec ( - #=>e !yD "n$>en' n 3or#e #er nie v"orce6 -(or s#e poci( Ro"die0 " ! o ,, s(i#u0 peni "e (/#6 6 po#er pr hov/ch hodn=( pod2 Q "n 1$K(v ro# pr hov di3erenci'0ne& v"orc
T 0e& pre0o>en/
Ter " " vo0 D podie0 , 1o &e po#er podne(y de0en po#ero# s%visi cich pr hov/ch hodn=(6 v -r'(-e&6 "'-0 dn/ ro"die0 po#ere6 ( ->e #=>e#e poved D6 >e ro"die0 poci( " po#erov "'s dn/ ro"die06 -o poci( "o "'-0 dn/ch pod#ieno- s(i#u0 1n/ch "'vis$ rovn -/# sp=so!o#.
77I* Un1!rs%h !3s/aF(or/!,. :;

Po prero-ov n$ - pi(o0y GG o ro"die0e ci(0ivos(i ro"die0ov vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov 0e!o -on(r s(n poci(y #=>u n .e #er D prv/ porciu6 ro"die0 v"orec "'roveU ned'v op (reni pos0edn/. V s-u(o1nos(i o!s hu&e 0en 3un-ciu poci( ro"die0u GrojA n podne(y6 0e nie v "'vis0os(i od o-o0nos($6 " -(or/ch ve2-osD v/r "nho ro"die0u 0e (ie> "'vis$6 s-u(o1nosD6 >e pr hov hodno(y ro"die0 nie &e v Uo# " hrnu('6 po -(ore& nie &e v <$n pos-y(nu( v o!do!$ #ed"i vedo#ou nevedo#ou vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov6 -(or eOis(u&%6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i nie #ene& -o !so0%(nu sen"'ciou. Do (e& #iery vn$# ne& ro"die0y s-=r in/ v"orec #' n's6 -(or/ spHU (ie(o po>i d v-y6 (o6 1o#u hovor$# Un(erschieds# A3or#e06 pre(o>e s( novu&e op (reni vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov rovn - -o #er nie v"orce pre #er nie !so0%(nych poci(ov s0%>iD.
7F Po-i
2 ide o s 9. 77 Rev$"i s 78R n s06 Psych.? Aprin"ipien s(r.79Z. GNN
V"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e vn$# n ro"die0y rovn -o # D svo& pr h6 -o !so0%(ny poci(6 #=>e(e n &prv s( noviD Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 n n 0E<iu s #er c$# v"orc 6 -o n s0edu&e. A- o"n 1$#e -o pred sen"'ciou ro"die06 ( ->e (er " vn$# n/ ro"die0 #ed"i poci(#i6 ! s , 6 s%visi ce s(i#u0 1n/ po#er s 6 d'v &% hodno(y s(i#u0 1nho po#eru6 v -(oro# vn$# ro"die0 doch'd" pr h6 (& po#er -on.( n(y 0e!o Pr h po#er & rovn -o# po#ere - 6 ne> n &ednoduchou pr hu b n podne(y , !o0 v #er n$ v"orc 6 dos( ne#e
Tu6 rovn -o -o v uvedeno# por d$ v>dy " predpo-0 du6 >e v51.$ podne( -o 1$( 1 n hodno(u s pou>$v 6 pre(o R 76 0o< &e po"i($vnyK 1o &e nevyhnu(n v pr$p de po"i($vnych hodn=( v p=vodne& podo!e v"orc , !y # 0 "odpoved D vedo# hodno(y "n (e2nho ro"die0u. aoniec -oncov6 oni chce0i pou>iD #en.ie s(i#u0 -o 1$( 16 ( ->e !y o76 (ed 0o< s% ne< ($vne , "$s- D v51.ie "'porn hodno(y6 s('0e v51.$ podie0 " podne(u n druh/ dos( ne6 v. -6 0e poci( " ro"die0u (/#(o s (/1i n d vy..$# pr ho#.
S # o se!e v. - ni1 ne!r'ni pou>iD & #en.ie s(i#u0 v pu0(e6 0en po(o# #'(e v.e(-o6 1o v predch'd" &%co# v"orci pre o!r'(enie v (e&(o o!r'(ene& po0ohe o!och podne(ov6 (o (/#6 >e po#er i#pu0" vo v"'&o#no# 7 ] v"'&o#no# 1 7 ] v"orc "06 hodno( & vo
pr cov D6 po"$cie 7 1 7 6 " pro(i & 6 (& prir diD p$s D
-(or/ #' rovn -% predch'd" &%ce hodno(y6 - . V n s0edu&%co# (eO(e6 0e &e s( v l 76 (/# & po0oh v51.$ s(i#u0 s% v>dy dr> n v prep'>-e6 po -(ore&6 - &e vi " n/ ne& -/# sp=so!o# odvo0 nie n o-o0nos(i &e si s(ried vo v51.i #en.i 6 ne> os( (n6 vr'( ne &eho po"$cie pu0( #enov (e2 v hodno(e s #us$ "#eniD. Vy..ie uveden (vrdenie v"orc &e (ie> v.eo!ecne poved n nor#'0ny pr$p d vy> du&e6 !y v pr$p de6 >e dv 1 sovo 0e!o pries(orovo od0i.n podne(y6 ich ro"die06 &e in(erpre(ov n/6 ve2-osD doch'd" D #ed"i se!ou6 ( ->e v51.$ podne( n s( ne6 n op - v #ies(e #en.ie6 i! s#er6 nie ve2-osD "n (e2nho ro"die0u s 0$.i . To "vy1 &ne nie &e pr$p d v.eo!ecne& s-u(o1nos(i6 -o &e s-=r vo v.e(-/ch pr$p doch6 -eT ("v pri po-usoch n ro"die0 ci(0ivos(i -on.( n(n% chy!u vo vn$# n$ ro"die0u v "'vis0os(i n pries(ore 1 se u#ies(nenie porovn'v n/ch pre#enn/ch u- "u&% Ipo"ri Th 9NF poci( ro"die0u s rovn -/#i podie0#i n podne(y " r="nych ve2-os($ "0yh'6 v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i &e &eden 0e!o druh/ i#pu0" - v51.e&. Pro! 1ne& " @e!erov "'-on 6 -(or/ &e " 0o>en/ n n .e& v"orce6 0e predpo-0 d' -on.( n(n/ chy!u nepr$(o#nos(i 0e!o vy0%1enie. A0e v s-u(o1nos(i #=>e !yD -on.( n(n/ chy!y v>dy ods(r'nen s-%.-ou v/po1(o#6 ( - pr$p dy s -on.( n(nou chy!y pov >ov n/ch - nor#'0ne& si(u'cii6 v #noh/ch pr$p doch6 -on.( n(n/ chy!y s% pr$0i. # 0 n (o6 !y po"ornosD (re! -one1ne #=cD6 -o -edysi "'-0 dn/ v"orec !yD pre nor#'0ny pr$p d6 po(o# "v0'.(nu po"ornosD vhodn/# sp=so!o# IviT - pi(o0 GSF.K po -(oro# s pr$pr v v"orc pre nor#'0no# pr$p de "os('v v>dy (o6 1o &e po(re!n predpo-0 d D. V rovn -e& 3or#e Un(erschieds# A3or#e06 -(or' s & v$ (u pos( vi0 i! o!do!ne6 pre(o nie &e nevyhnu(ne od=vodnen6 vr'( ne pr vid0 o "#ene 3or#y v.eo!ecnho v"orc 6 v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i l 7 0e!o $ 7 "n 1-y6 #=>e !yD "'v >n v"h2 do# (-'1i X X"'-on s-u(o1nosD6 >e n pr hu po#er n 0o<ic-/# sp=so!o#6 -o s sp=so!o# uveden/# v n s0edu&%co# prepnu($ n #er nie v"orc . Tvrdenie vych'd" " @e!erov "'-on "'-0 dn/ v"orec d'v poci( pre dv ro"die0y6 n &#5
T 0e&
Ter "6 pre(o>e ! s% dv poci(y6 ro"die0 L ! &e ro"die0 " nich #=>u d " d " -o prvo- poci(u ro"die0u s% pov >ov n6 &eho hodno( &e. A0e -eT>e prid n$# -on.( n(n/ n in(e<r'0 ne"#en$ v di3erenci'0ov6 &e d d " ! prvo- &e -on.( n(n' I(& -o v.eo!ecn 0e!o ne"'vis0 pre#ennF6 "v/.iD 0e!o "n$>iD sen"'ci ro"die0. Ter " #=>e !yD a p. GG. ro"die0u e#Eci$ so "v0'.(ny# pr$p de ci(e2nho ro"die0u iden(i3i-ov D6 -de v n &#en.o# #o>no# ro"die0u #ed"i podne(#i 6 ! 6 ro"die0 &e c$(iD6 !y prehodno(i0 vn$# n% ro"die0 -o v.eo!ecne&.$ pr$p d6 -edy v - >do# " &edno(0iv/ch hodn=( vn$# ni ro"die0u " 1$n "#i"ne. ,n(e<r'ciou vy..ie uveden hodno(y d " d ! neus('0e odhod0 nie v rovn -e& -(or # &% !yD "o!r "en6 "$s- #e v/r " pre (en(o v.eo!ecne&.$ pr$p d (/#(o Un(erschieds# A3or#e0. V s-u(o1nos(i6 s#e s vyd 0i d " d !S &2s I - nie &e s #o o se!e d=vodo# &e pou>i(ie "n #ien-o pred druhouF6 #'#e
To d'v in(e<r'ciou po#ocou prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov p ? = K I0o< " 0o< [F ^ C
K = 0o< ^ C -de ) &e in(e<r 1n' -on.( n( 6 0e!o s v/#enou pr$rodn !e>n/#i 0o< ri(#ov Iporov. - p. 7S.F6 (ed n hr denie K o K S , ] k 0o< ^ C. Ter " s( novenie -on.( n(n/ C, !y , rovn' nu0e6 -eT &e hodno( & s 6 #'#e v.eo!ecne o ] k 0o< v ^ C (ed
C ] L k 0o< &. . A ('(o hodno( &e su!s(i(uov n/ v v.eo!ecne& rovnice &e6
Pou>i(ie horne& "n #ien-o s#e ( I7F pou>i(ie ni>.e& o!r'(enie "n #eni n o!och s(r n'ch IGF V"orec I7F "odpoved' s( vu6 >e 0o< &e -0 dn6 (ed v51.iu pr$D >0ivosD s n ch'd" v prep'>-e6 3or# IGF6 rovn -o -o pod#ien-y6 >e 0o< &e ne< ($vny6 pre(o &e #en.i s(i#u0 &e n s( ven/ do 1$( 1 pre(o6 >e 0en " (/ch(o pod#ieno- , s r s(o# !so0%(ne& hodno(y #=>e r'sD v po"i($vno# s0ov "#ys0e6 - &e predpo-0 do# n's &e "vy1 &ne.Ro"0i.u&e#e #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# pr$p d#i6 >e 1$# v51.ie #en.ie podne( s n ch'd" v pu0(e6 vy"n 1u&%ci s (/#6 >e s#e s po prv/-r'( v pr$p de6 >e p$s#en' 1 6 druh' - 7 & 7 pou>$v D ( -6 -o &e6 ( T 0e-o6 o! pr$p dy s rovn -/# poci(o# , v"D hu&%6 pre(o s ich op (reni #=>e !yD i! 3or#'0ne od0i.n
pre(o
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A- !e>n/ pr$p d ne!ude -on D6 0e , r="nych hodn=( s predpo-0 d' v "'vis0os(i n po0ohe v51.ie #en.ie s(i#u0 &e o!r'(en/6 po(o# rovnice I7F IGF v (o#6 >e neus('0e chy!y s('0e !y # 0o !yD #o>n pou>iD pre vypr cov nie Un(erschieds# A3or#e06 @e!erVv "'-on6 -(or/ " rovn - #us$ !yD vn$# n ro"die0y "os('v &% rovn -6 pre -(or6 po-i 2 ide o op 1ne& po0ohe v51.$ #en.$ s(i#u0 !y #oh0 spo1$v D n &#5. Po(o# !y s(e # 0i i! vy> du&e neus('0e 1 pre op 1ne& 1 sove& pries(orove& po0ohe porovn nie ve2-os($ ur1iD in/. A0e - &e (o pr$p d !y # 0 n s( D si(u'ci 6 >e n "'-0 de -on.( n(ne& chy!u v ur1i(/ch #ed"i ch6 s o!& vi0 #en.$ s(i#u0 ne> v51.ie r's(0 vn$# n% #ed"eru6 -eT "n$>i0 6 ro"die0 podne(y s-=r ne> "v51.en/6 !y v (o#(o pr$p de n "'-0 de " dr> ni v.eo!ecne6 V>dy pou>$v &(e v51.ie 1 ro v pu0(o#6 -(or/ v (/ch(o #ed"i ch p0 ($ rovnic IGF #ies(o I7F6 0e!o pr vid0o pou>iD v51.$ s(i#u0 v pu0(e6 s v/ni#o1ne !e> D v op 1no# por d$6 ni rovnice I7F p0 ($6 ( ->e v>dy -0 dn hodno(y "odpoved &% hodno('# vedo#e& "n (e2nho ro"die0u.
Povinn -o v predch'd" &%cich v"or-'ch & vo Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 v/"n #e posun-ovho opo"$cie6 -(or' hodno( poci( #=>e prev"i D "v0'.(ne vysve(0enie. Pre %p0n s( novenie hodno(y , 6 nie &e i! n "n #enie , s #o(nho6 0e & n "n #enie poci(ov6 #ed"i -(or/#i &e ro"die0 venov D po"ornosD. Vn$# n/ ro"die0 , !erie n odvodenie > po(o# hodno(y ] &. hodno( nu0ov'6 0e!o hr nic #ed"i vedo#e& nevedo#e& %rovni6 -eT po#er #ed"i podne(#i n d pr ho#6 pre(o>e i! n (o6 s-%senos(n ur1enie -on.( n(y od- "u&e 1 6 v"h2 do# - (o#u6 s o!e podne(y6 (/# s%visi ce poci(y -0esne pod pr hov% hodno(u6 s (/#6 ce0/ po&e# "n (e2nho ro"die0u &e s(r (en/6 - &e i! &eden podne( n d pr ho#6 druh/ &e n pr hu 0e!o pod pr ho#6 (o &e ( - do!r/ -o !y s 10ove- #use0 ro!iD 0en s &edin/# poci(o#6 -o ro"die0 od nu0ovho poci(u 0e!o o ne s-u(o1n/ poci(. Ce pre(o nu(n # D n p #5(i6 pre(o>e6 pod2 v"orc , ] k I0o< L 0o< & F6 hodno( , #=>e !yD po"i($vne6 & -eT o! podne(y , ! s% pod pr hovou hodno(ou6 pre(o ni1 &e c$(iD6 (/#6 >e s( 1$6 l & 6 1o #=>e !yD v pr$p de ve2#i do!re6 -eT o! & s " &e ni>.i -o pr h6 " predpo-0 du6 >e i! #' ve2-/ po#er - ! #'. Ceden #=>e po(o# v (o#6 >e -0 dn hodno(y , s('0e ne#=>e(e n'&sD "n #en$ vedo#i 6 pre(o>e predpo-0 do# ch/! n vedo#ie hodn=(6 n -(or/ch , "'vis$. A- s (ie(o ro"die0ne in(erpre('cie "n #enie ,, v "'vis0os(i n , 3un<ov D v o!och s#eroch !esch 33ener cen$ , ! &e6 s('0e eOis(u&% o! vy6 ( - &e (o op5D6 rovn -o -o v #inu0os(i6 ( ->e ve2 ( -/ch o!'v6 s od- "o# n podo!n veci #=>e "v/.iD n 0y(ic-% <eo#e(riu. A& v (e&(o6 "n #en$ hodno(y , 6 -(or 3un<u&% n dvoch hodn=( , ! &e6 # D ve2#i od0i.n/ v/"n #6 v "'vis0os(i n hodno('ch , ! 0e!o -o ( -/. V s-u(o1nos(i s#e s .(vorec pros(redn$c(vo#6 de3inov n' &eho s(rede6 po s(r n'ch rovno!e>n/ch prie1nych ro"de0en/ch do .(yroch #en.$ch .(vorcov o r o, * o, r ,, * , Ivpr vo hore6 v2 vo hore6 vpr vo do0e6 v2 vo do0eF #=>e !yD odvo0'v 0 s n 6 h2 d'#e n 0y(ic-/ v/r " , pre Z # 0 .(vor1e-y. Odch'd" &%ce " cen(r pr vo# r #ene -r$> s #eri &eho s( r &% ^ o"n 1u&e6 po(o# v2 vo L s% uvedenK upros(red v"os(upne& dosi hnu(ie r #ene -r$> prech'd" ^ " o"n 1u&e6 -on(inu'0ne do0e r #eno L ! s n "/v &%K #y s "$s- vyn'so!en$# (/ch(o Respe-($ve -0 dn "'porn 1$se0n hodno(y s n v"'&o# -o n 0y(ic- vy& drenie , pre ro *o r, *, hodno(u L L L E ssss " " ssss " " ssss " E ssss "
T ->e # &% ? A usdrYc-e pr v/ op - v"h2 do# -u s(redu .(vorc s n ch'd" r . o O , 6 " -(or/ch &eden &e 3un-ciou i! po"i($vne6 in "'porn hodno(y , ! #=>e &e 0e rovn -/ "n -6 #=>e#e vidieD " (oh(o "n #eni s #o o se!e - "'veru6 1i &e n'#es(ie &e &ednou " o!0 s($6 po"i($vnych ne< ($vnych 3 -(orov
-% po"$ciu (o vo v"D hu - cen(r'0ny# o('"- #6 - ne!ude#e vr'(iD n "n #enie s #o(n/ch 3 -(orov6 -(or/ch 3un-ci &e. ?=>e#e (ed (ie> uro!i0 "n #enie , -o ? A usdruc- pre "n (e2nho ro"die0u6 " (vor(e nie0en (o6 >e v"D h vn$# n% #ed"eru n vedo#ie6 -eT nie s#e n pov he hodn=(K -(or/ v Uo# "$s- 06 !yD oh2 dup0n$6 (o ni1 ne#en$ n princ$pe6 >e #'#e v vn$# n/ch o!0 s(i ch6 s-=r s " o!er &% 3un-ciou -vocien( -o produ-(. A0e -o s dos( ne#e p0n% odhod0 nie .(vorcov6 -e!y s#e s o"n 1en$# , s%1 sne n "n #enie , ! v"i D do %v hy6 ( - (o &e s vidi(e2n/# ro"die0o# v pr$p de6 -eT s#e ,, , ! pre (o(o pou>i(ie. S-=r ne> n s( viD Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 -o 3un-ciu po#eru s(i#u0 1nho pr hu po#eru6 &e #o>n n s( viD v "'vis0os(i n re0 ($vne& s(i#u0 1nho ro"die0 ro"die0 -on.( n(n/6 -o n s0edu&e. BuT &eden podne( od druhe& o ve2-os(i 6 pr hov% po#er &. od 7 do ve2-os(i s% r="ne6 &edn #' &]7^ Tu6 re0 ($vny ro"die0 podne(6 -r'(-y hor%ci6 n -on.( n(n/ ro"die0 v ,S GZZ Th "#ys0e uveden. A- s% Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 #' (%(o podo!u , ] k q0o< I7 ^ F L 0o< I7 ^ Fr. V pr$p de6 >e s% hodno(y # 06 ich .(vorc #o>no " ned! D pro(i prve& si0e6 ide v predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0e. 7Z "o!r "u&e su!s(i(%ciu do (oh(o v"orc ,]kMI"F=KI"F -(or/ &e ? A usdruc- pre v/r "nho ro"die0u6 0en vidi(e2n pre-ro1$ #'0o6 " predpo-0 du6 >e pr've "n (e2n/ ro"die0 s'# o se!e odpoved' # 0 di33ren(s podne(y6 pod2 -(orho ( -/ ro"die0 &e %#ern/ "ni>u&e o ro"die0 -on.( n(ne& re0 ($vne& s(i#u0 1n/ch ro"die0y6 v. -6 # 0/ poci( r s(%ce sen"'ci ro"die0 %#ern/ ne"(en1en re0 ($vn s(i#u0 1n' ro"die0ov &e GF .
GF
A- &e v ) pe. Hovor$ s 6 7R >e # 0/ ro"die0 v h#o(nos(i n dvo&n'so!ove2-os(i !o0 vn$# n' -o v/r "ne dv -r'( ( - ve2-/6 ( - &e (o spr'vne6 1o "n #en'6 >e # 0/ ro"die0 v h#o(nos(i n dvo&n'so!o- ve2-os(i nosenie s &ednou dv -r'( ( - ve2-% sen"'ciou ro"die0 0en o (o a priori vyvodiD " # (e# (ic-ho po#ocn Prin"ip #=>e !yD6 0e nie6 >e (en(o ro"die0 !o0 vn$# n/ -o ve2-/ -o dv -r'(6 pre(o>e pod2 vy..ie uvedenho v"orc 6 # 0/ ro"die0 v h#o(nos(i n dvo&n'so!o- ve2-os(i v >i dno# pr$p de nesie dv -r'( (o2-o "n (e2nho ro"die0u6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 - nie6 &e po> dov n o!#ed"enie re0 ($vneho ro"die0u v ci(0ivos(i . Av. -6 (o &e 0en ($6 pr$0e>i(os(n' neop (rn/ "'#ene >i dny vp0yv n odvodenie "'-0 dn v"orce #er nie v"orce6 -(or s vy-on'v n "'-0 de spr'vneho pou>$v ni po#ocnho princ$pe # (e# (ic-.
Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 &e po(re!n pov >ov D " v.eo!ecne&.ie ro"die0 v"orce6 (/# & v"orec #er nie "'-0 dn/ v"orec6 " predpo-0 du6 >e s .peci'0ne pr$p dy ro"die0 v"orc . V s-u(o1nos(i6 (o ide do di3eren1nho v"orc pre pr$p d6 >e & ] 76 (& >e vn$# n' priep sD v rovnos(i o!och podne(ov doch'd" pr h6 pre(o n &#en.ie odch/0- !y s c$(i0 o rovnos(i6 -(or v s%0 de s u> & #yse . GG po"n'#- " !y !yD pov >ov n/ " eO(r#ne 0e!o 0i#i(n/# pr$p de re0 ($vny ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i6 ( vn$# n' ro"die0 &e ( - ve2-/6 -o ro"die0 vy& driD v"orco# s-u(o1n/ ro"die0 vne#ov. V nor#'0no# pr$p de6 uvedene& v "o"n #e pod2 n'.ho v"orc &e & &e v>dy v51.$ -o 76 ( - d0ho6 -/# s nedosi hne 0i#i(u ro"die0u v ci(0ivos(i. A0e ( #6 -de s% podne(y " v/hodn/ch pod#ieno-6 pov >ov D ich ro"die06 s%6 ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i &e ve2-/6 0$.i s & 0en #'0o od 76 -o !o0o u-'" n6 n pr$-0 d6 v eOperi#en(och n ci(0ivos(i di3erenci'0ne& sve(0 6 -de o Vo0-# nn ne!o0 n'&den/. Do pro(o-o0u po(o# &. 0$.i 0en #'0o od nu0y6 Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 p d' v !0$"-os(i spo0u s &ednoduch/# ro"die0 v"orc 6 (o #=>e (rv D (ie pri!0i>n s0%>iD ( - d0ho6 -/# nie &e 0o< n &edne& s(r ne &edno(-y ve2#i !0$"-o - ne&6 pre(o !0$"-o - nu0e hodno( pr$de. Pr h po#er & si(u'cii6 -o #=>e(e vidieD v Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 %p0ne n hr diD pr hov b v #er n$ v"orc 6 &e rovn -o ro"hodu&%ce pre #ieru ci(0ivos(i6 s -(orou &e uveden/ po#er podne( pri& (' -o -on.( n(n/ , b n #ieru ci(0ivosD6 s -(orou &e d n/ podne( vn$# n/. A-o #er d0o !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i6 #=>e s0%>iD -o #er d0o re0 ($vny ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i. V.e(-o6 1o #' hodno(u &. vp0yvu6 -(or/ &e pre d n po#ery s(i#u0 1n/ch n vn$# n #ed"ery s "#eni0i6 pre(o &e & #us$ !yD pov >ov n' " -on.( n(n% pre -on.( n(n/ch pod#ieno- po1 (i . ?ed"i vp0yvn o-o0nos($ v hodno(e &. p (r$ o-re# 1 sov pries(orov ro"die0y " podne(ov6 ro"die0 #us$ !yD vy-0 d n ( -6 >e - pov he (oho6 1o &e in(erc 0 (es #ed"i ni#i6 -o (o6 1o u#0ie<( 1 s pries(or. Ten(o vp0yv #=>e !yD ( -'6 >e -on.( n(n' chy!y vo vn$# n$ ro"die0u v"ni-n%D6 -(or &e po(re!n "v'>iD n s%de 3 -(%rou sp=so!o# uveden/# v #e(Ed ch #er ni 6 ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i v GS. - pi(o0e. ?ier !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i6 s -(orou o! & podne(y s% vn$# n6 - #' &e v>dy rovn -' pre o! podne(y6 >i dny vp0yv n vn$# n% hodno(u ro"die0uK Av. -6 nerovn hodno( " rovn -/ch d=vodov -on.( n(n/ chy!ov n o!och podne(ov6 1o &e po(re!n v"i D do %v hy. Rovn -o -o - >de& "#ene -on.( n(n/ b v #er n$ recep(%ry recipro1n "#enou podr'>denos(i #=>e !yD repre"en(ov n/6 e-viv 0en( p0 ($ pre "#eny v -on.( n(ne& 1 6 " predpo-0 du6 >e -'-o2ve- ich "#en !y recipro1n "#enou #=>u !yD repre"en(ov n. V/r " pre p0ne vedo# poci( v ) pe. GG &e uveden "#yse06 &eL0i6 >e &e #o>n ch'p D -o "v0'.D "d=r "ni0 priorni ro"die0 ci(0ivos(i n d hr nicou poci(o# n pr hu6 (& od nu0ove& poci(6 s #o"re&#e n .ie06 -eT s#e v Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 #en.ie s(i#u0 Xpre "vy.o- " n's s v"i D do %v hy v pr$p doch6 n pr hu b "n$>iD6 -eT s#e
v rovn -e& do!e6 -edy poci( "n$>iD n nu0u6 pre(o pre ] pre , n hr diD . T - s#e s (en(o v"orec .
n'hr d
Hovor#e b& p0n pr h6 b -o pred(/#6 po(o# &e (o po#er #ed"i p0nou pr hu pr h po#ero# -on.( n(n p r eOce00ence pr h ci(0ivos(i &. !yD pos-y(nu('. Tvor$#e (/ch(o nonLUni3or#i(ies !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i 1 sove& pries(orove& po0ohe podne(ov6 #=>e6 >e !y (o v51.$ s(i#u0 -o #en.ie o!& vi 6 po(o# & &e v>dy v51.$ -o 76 - l 76 pre(o odvo0 nie hodno(y b s s('0e pod#ien-y & #us$ r'sD6 !y !o0o #o>n previesD n " 1i (-u se#iLvedo#ho s( vu poci(u v p0ne pri vedo#$. T - (o p0 ($ u v.e(-/ch n s( viD "'-0 dn 3or#u0y psychic-e& di#en"ie n &prv pre n &&ednoduch.ie pod#ien-y6 v.e(-o6 1o predpo-0 d' -o odch/0- #en.i pori d-u 0e!o -o#p0i-'cie pri pr$pr ve "'-0 dn/ch (v rov6 spo1i (-u " ned! (e2n !r D do %v hy i! n ch(5<0ich6 &e (ie> "ri denie Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 !o0 -(or/ -on1$ Soci 0i"e pre(o>e dis-usie ne!erie do %v hy s-u(o1nosD6 -(or' #' !yD pov >ov n/ " ( -/ odch/0- 0e!o -o#p0i-'cie6 (o &e (o6 >e eOis(enci podne(u #' n ci(0ivosD6 s -(orou &e Suseds-' s(i#u0 vn$# ne& vp0yv6 1o od0i.n podne(y6 -o vs(upu&% do Un(erschieds# A3or#e06 nie &e rovn -' pre o! podne(y. T ->e - !ie0 1iern s% ved2 se! 6 !ie0 "d' & sne&.ie6 1iern 1ierne&.ie ne> & contin,o !e" nerovnho susedn s(i#u0u6 -(or/ s n "/v "vy.ov nie do&#ov pros(redn$c(vo# -on(r s(u. Ter "6 (o(o "v/.enie n'"orov nie-(or/ch s(r'n nie &e spochy!nen6 &edin' vec6 porovn'v cie ro"sud-u6 s$ce6 >e #y6 1ierne pro(i !ie0y#6 hospod'rs(vo !ie0 pro(i 1ierne& -o #er d0o6 0e!o -o p0us6 in -o #$nus pro(i in su#yK do(er " nepos-y(u&e >i dnu "v0'.(nu po"ornosD pri in.( 0'cii nu(n n .e v"orce6 pre(o>e (en(o ro"sudo- n po#ere !so0%(nych poci(ov n ve2-os(i s#eru ! d (e2nho ro"die0u &e sp=so!en' 0en (o6 0e nie &e n Uo#. Ceden !y #oho0 !yD n -0onen/6 !y ce0/ "v/.enie do&#ov "'vis$ n (o# -on(r s(o#. Ter " !ude# nes-=r u1iD s-%senos(n s-u(o1nos(i6 -(or neu#o>Uu&%6 ove2 vi c pr vdepodo!n6 >e n ro"die0 od (oh(o porovn ni ro"sud-ov6 "vy.u&e ci(0ivosD sve(0 n !ie0u do !0$"-os(i 1ierne& n 1ierno# pod2 !0$"-os(i !ie0e& "n$>en' n veci po(re!n &e >e #'#e !ie0e 0e!o 1ierne v "orno# po0i 0en s (/#6 !ie0 n o" & & sn/6 1iern s o!& vi (# v.ie ne> & contin,o pri& (' s'# do o- ( -6 >e -o "'-on s (/#i(o upr ven/#i hodno( #i pre s( novenie porovn'v cie s'# &edin/ ro"sudo-. T'(o s-u(o1nosD s !ude sporn/ & !e" vp0yvu n pr$pr ve pou>i(ie Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 -e!y s#e I(o(o #ies(o po (o#6 1o n rovn -o# #ies(e n podne( n psychic-o# & 3y"ic-o# pohy!u v o!r "e (/# vo v"or-'ch6 -(or # &% !yD n hr den #er n$#F n'&de(e -o #odi3i-ov n ci(0ivosD pre podne( #=>e !yD " s(%pen/ inou ve2-osDou rovn -ho (ri<<er !0e psychophysic 0 pohy!u s #o(nho6 vor usse("0ich "'-0 dn' 3or#u0 psychic-e& di#en"ie # &% 1is(/ pr$sny p0 (nosD s oh2 do# n "'vis0 po#erov n psychic-o# & 3y"ic-o# poci(u pohy!u pod#ieno-. A (o & !e" po-0esu psychophysic 0 pohy!u6 -(or/ #us$ "os( D 0en "dvihnu( vn%(orn psycho3y"i-y6 -e!y s#e 0en vede0i6 "'-ony6
-(or/#i ci(0ivosD n podne(y "#eny o-o0i !y &eho s( 1iD pri#er n/# sp=so!o# "#eniD hodno(y , " ( - 6 0e!o (o6 1o ro!$ (o is(6 &. n hr diD v Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 &e po(o# pou>iD -o pred(/#K (ie> &e T 0e& pred d=0e>i(ou po(re!u .(udov D (ie(o "'-ony. V (e&(o .(%dii s !ude# " o!er D nes-=r. a/# nie s% "n'#e6 v. - #us$#e s uspo-o&iD pou>$v D Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 -o pri!0i>n6 0e p0 ($ v pr$p doch6 -edy nie &e >i dny d=vod6 s oh2 do# n o-o0nos(i s%visi ce s pods( (n/# vp0yvo#6 -o n pr$-0 d v odh de vn$# n ro"die0y #ed"i n && sne&.$ch hvie"d #i#ochodo# s#er vp0yvu i! v.eo!ecne v"i D do %v hy6 pre(o>e v #noh/ch pr$p doch nie s% v spore6 -de vp0yv n o('"-u6 &e v51.i 6 ne> >e !y (o #oh0o !yD " ned!'v D " do!rho d=vodu.
77*. A&, k+% ! Un1!rs%h !3s/aF(or/!, na o3ha3! hv !)3n'%h v!<kos1$. :;

*'s0edn' p0i-'ci Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 #=>e -o pr$-0 d v.eo!ecne&.ieho pou>i(e2nos(i6 pod2 (oho6 1o hr' (en(o v"orec v n &&ednoduch.$ch pr$p doch s0%>iD.
7F
Rev$"i s. 7QN 33
Pre s(ru1nosD n "/v #e (u #ier & su vn$# nie sve(0 6 in(en"i(y6 op (reni 3y"ic-e& sve(e0nho podne(u6 -(or/ sp=so!$6 >e & s s ro"die0 v & se &e v>dy "v0'.D " dr> n/ch6 -(orho s(upeU &e ur1en/ Un(erschieds# A3or#e0. *ech p in(en"i(u 1 s(i o!0ohy (ernu6 n -(oro# s o!& v$ hvie"d 6 !e" hvie"dy6 a pre -op nie in(en"i(u hvie"dy6 ( ->e ] p ^ i &e in(en"i( hvie"dy d=vod6 pre1o & po#ere -on.( n(y6 ro"die0u -on.( n(y Iporov. TH GZZF. Hovor$#e a v0 s(n6 ] p ^ i ce0/6 re0 ($vn in(en"i( hvie"dy.
f 0e&6 ro"die0 v & se D hvie"dy pro(i "'-0 dni6 1o vedie rovn -' !e" oh2 du n s-u(o1nosD6 ur1$
Pos0edn' 3or# &e dosi hnu( s %v hy6 >e &. #'0o &ednho 0$.i6 pre(o6 0o< 1 #=>e !yD n s( ven' M , -de M &e #odu0 0o< ri(#ic-e& sys(#u. ,n(en"i( su!s(r'(u p s s-0 d' " dvoch 1 s($6 &edn &e (re! pov >ov D " ro"u#ne -on.( n(nou 1 sDou 6 -(or s% " s(%pen in(en"i(ou o1$ 1ierne die0y pre#enne& / 6 -(or' &e "'vis0' n von- &.o# osve(0en$6 n &#5 ro"p(/0enho sve(0 hvie"d. Dos den$# 9 E > pre J po(o# prech'd" do v"orc
T'(o rovnic #=>e !yD odvoden' "o v"orcov #' n &#5 po-i 2 "'u&#u6 -o &e #o>n "$s- D n n s0edu&%ce& !e" oh2 du n ve2-osD hvie"dy. Po o!vy-0o# por d$6 n hvie"dne& # <ni(%dy dovo0en vys(%piD n 1$s0 rovn -'6 " (i 2 1o in(en"i( -0es D6 0e (o -o#p0i-u&e preds( vu o v"D hu #ed"i ve2-osDou in(en"i(ou.*ech &(e n's6 pre(o v n s0edu&%cich ve2-os(i ch s in(en"i(ou "dvihn%D v"i D n hodno(u pre#enne&6 -de s hvie"d n nero"o"n nie s(r'c v pods( (e nu0ov6 ve2-osD hvie"dy s "hodu&e s ro"die0o# & su D spo0u "o dn 6 #=>e#e pou>iD vy..ie uveden/ v"orec pri #o v"i D do %v hy v.eo!ecn/ v/r " pre 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i hvie"dnych ve2-os($ in(en"i(ou6 -(or s#e e.(e #=>u s0o!odne vy!r D &edno(-y hvie"dnych ve2-os($ in(en"i(ou ( -6 >e v"orec &e "&ednodu.en/ -o &e (o #o>n6 1o si v"i D n do0. To "n #en'6 >e predch'd" &%c v"orec vedie n s0edu&%ci# "'vero#. 7F Ve2-osD hvie"dy "'vis$ nie0en n in(en"i(e hvie"dy " &eho v0 s(ne&6 0e &e d=0e>i(6 "'vis$ n in(en"i(e " (oho d=vodu6 p = a ^ /, "ni>u&e s pri d ne& in(en"i(e v0 s(niD od vi c6 in(en"i( -r &ine r s(ie T 0e&6 pre(o>e n &in(en"$vne&.ie hvie"d v denne& o!0ohe6 (& >i dny "n (e2n/ ro"die0 v & se od spodne& 1 s(i preh0i d-y. V (o#(o oh2 de &e vhodn ro"0i.ov D s-u(o1n% "d n0iv% ve2-osDK (/#6 >e ro"die0 v & se s-u(o1ne& ve2-os(i " -ho-o2ve- d=vodu nor#'0ne pevn6 s(redn' "d n0iv% ve2-osD " -ho-o2ve- inho d=vodu6 -(or/ #us$ !yD vr'(en/ do v.eo!ecnho porovn (e2nos(i i! n ro"die0e & su " pr vho d=vodu. *or#'0n in(en"i( d=vodu &e (u #o>n dosi hnuD #ini#'0nu6 (& in(en"i( s% pov >ov n o1i 1ierne. Per3e-(n' noc (# v' o!0oh s pri!0$>i6 (o n &#5 vidieD ce" T 0e-oh2 dy6 -de in(en"i( vs(upu do s-rine pre o1i B0 c- > ro"p(/0enho sve(0 o!0ohy os0 !u&e v "'vis0os(i n "v51.enie n'p dne "hodu&% s n$#. GF A- &e in(en"i( hvie"d v0 s(n pro(i Pre(o &e ( - # 0/6 >e vy..i pr'vo#oci prv/ " ned! D6 pre(o ve2-osD hvie"dy &e "n (e2ne v s%0 de s - pi(o0ou 7R ] M #o>no n s( viD6
(& %#ern pre!y(-ov re0 ($vne in(en"i(y hvie"dy
o -on.( n(n/ ro"die0 .
A- s a s( ne n (o2-o ve2-/6 >e p " ned!'v D druh% ru-u6 ( ->e &e D ] k 0o< 6 -one1ne a dos( (o1ne ve2-/6 >e & prih0'senie &p pro(i pro(o-o0u a " ned! (e2n/6 ( ->e &e D ] Kprih0'senie i . O! & v"orc
D ] k 0o< a s( noviD 0i#i(n pr$p dy v "'vis0os(i n ve2-os(i hvie"dy s &. . * horne& hr nici6 ve2-osD &e ( -'6 >e o!e hvie"dy s% ne"'vis0 n in(en"i(e "e#i -o re0 ($vny ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i6 rovn -6 i! dos( (o1ne si0n/6 v0 s(n in(en"i( n r="nych in(en"$vne n r="nych %rovni ch re0 ($vneho ro"die0u v ci(0ivos(i rovn -. MF V pr$p de (e0es-opic- po"orov nie prich'd" do %v hy n s0edu&%ce. V0 s(n in(en"i( i s "vy.u&e n pevne& hvie"dy dos( (o1ne o(voren$ o- L-us6 s v/ni#-ou +ich(versch0uc-un< po#ocou o-u0i rov6 po#ery p0ochy o!&e-($vu - ve2-os(i povrchu >i - . V.eo!ecn &e Q 6 po#er6 v -(oro# &e posi0nen' pros(redn$c(vo# T 0e-oh2 du. ; in(en"i(y o!0ohy su!s(r'(u p ] a ^ / 1 sD "os('v !e"o "#eny ce" T 0e-oh2 d6 s 1 sD / "vy.u&e v "'vis0os(i od r s(u v o!0 s(i L 6 pos-y(nu( T 0e-oh2 du in(en"i(y !y pod2 6 -o #ies(o ne! "v51.iD o!r'"o- s% v o-u6 sve(0o (oh(o #ies( s riedi vi c. Po(o# &e po#ocou T 0e-oh2 du a vo Qi p v ^ u -onc 6 dos( ne#e6 -eT D
f
&e vidieD s-r" ve2-os(i T 0e-oh2 du
1o #=>e#e d D do ne" ned! (e2n "v51.ov nie poch#%rnu o!0ohu
" predpo-0 du6 po(o# / pro(i 9D &e " ned! (e2n/. A- s hvie"dou svo&e v0 s(n in(en"i(ou a " s T 0e-oh2 dy T 0.ie s v0 s(n/# in(en"i(ou a vidieD !e" T 0e-oh2 du6 -(or s o!& vi n rovn -% ve2-osD6 -eT 0e!o Pri ve2#i ponure& ne! &e p nie &e v/"n #n/ " r="nych6 -de po(o# #=>e !yD n s( ven/6 v"h2 do# - (o#u6 -eT &e o!0oh ( - s0 ! !e" T 0e-oh2 du6 n pr$-0 d6 >e #' dvo&n'so!n% in(en"i(u o1$ 1ierne6 po#er i! po0ovic (e&(o rovnice !y si ( ve2-/6 -o (o n o" & &e. aeT "is- & s &e ( - ve2-/6 ce" T 0e-oh2 d6 -(or/ pred Qi #=>e !yD " ned! n6 dos( ne#e v"orec
po -(oro# "is- d n/# T 0e-oh2 do# v.e(-y hvie"dy6 s0 ! si0n6 rovn -ho n'r s(u ve2-os(i K pro(o-o0u Q sp=so!u&e. * op -6 v pr$p de6 >e "osi0nenie ( - s0 !/6
a ( - # 06 >eQi pro(i "#i"ne6 ( ->e !y s &edn D T 0e-oh2 d "$s- D6 n po-on ( -6 >e fi # &% prich'd" do %v hy vo v"D hu - se!e n v"'&o#6 ( ->e ve2-osD !y "v/.enie s rovn -/# T 0e-oh2 do# pre#enn. ZF A- ve"#e#e &ednoduch/ ro"die0 dvoch ve0i1$n D, D !, -(or' v rovn -o# d=vodu p s% ( - "#i"ne 1 6 -(or/ " nich6 0e i! n povs( nie v poci(e ro"die0 & su vr'(i rovn -/. A- chce(e vyhr D "v0'.D n vrhnu(/ 0e!o vn$# n/ ro"die0 rovn -/6 &eden #' pri #u p0i-'ci$ Un(erschieds# A3or#e0
0e v -(or/ch & &e nepr vdepodo!n6 >e # &% rovn -% hodno(u6 -o -eT s#e s vy(i hnuD n ro"die0 hvie"dy " o-o0i v pods( (e do %v hy. Ten(o v"orec u- "u&e6 >e ro"die0 ve2-os(i #ed"i dvo# hvie"d #i nie s% 0en pre(o6 " o-o0nos($ v0 s(n/ch in(en"$(6 0e ich ce0-ove& in(en"i(y s in(en"i(ou su!s(r'(u p "'vis$K -(or/ v %p0ne (e#ne& no1ne& o!0ohe dve hvie"dy po(re!u&% 0$.i #ene& vo svo&o# v0 s(no# in(en"i(y -o v d5##eri<e# "d D pre"en(ov D rovn -% ve2-osD ro"die0u. Ro"die0 v (e&(o s%vis0os(i6 v "'vis0os(i n pov he pod-0 du !ude n &si0ne&.$ v n &s0 !.$6 nep (rne " ve2#i in(en"$vny hvie"dy6 ( ->e nie0en !so0%(nu ve2-osD in(erv 0ov #ed"i "re&# ve2-os(i6 0e & po#ery (/ch(o in(erv 0ov s "v/.i v "'vis0os(i n in(en"i(e ;#en d=vod. V/r " pre "n (e2nho ro"die0u vo ve2-os(i dvoch hvie"d v pou>i($ T 0e-oh2 du
" 1oho vyp0/v 6 >e ro"die0 vo ve2-os(i s T 0e-oh2 do# ( - d0ho6 "'vis$ n "osi0nenie 3 -(or Q, -o &e (o pro(i Qi Qi " #o>no " ned! D. Av. - v pr$p de6 >e "osi0nenie 3 -(or Q (o dosD ve2-6 !y s ve2-osD "'vis$ i! ro"die06 ni " pod#ieno- 6 rovn -o -o so si0n/#i in(en"i(ou !e" T 0e-oh2 du " RF ri(#e(ic-' r d hvie"dnych ve2-os($ p (r$ <eo#e(ric- ce0-ov/ch in(en"$( hvie"dy6 -de rovn - ro"die0y D " D " #ed"i po se!e id%ci#i " h2 dis- ro"s hu ve2-os($ rovn' po#eru , "odpoved' "odpoved &%cu ro"s hu in(en"i(y. BuT(e eOponen( ro"s hu in(en"i(y6 -(or/ po1%v 0 ri(#e(ic-/ ro"#ed"$ ve2-os(i hvie"dy N6 76 G6 M ....6 e, #us$ !yD6 v por d$ pod2 ve2-os(i D ] N presD hov D s do ve2-os(i 76 in(en"i( 1J 6 pri -(ore& pri& 0 ve2-osD nu0 &e6 s H #us$ !yD vyn'so!en' "odpoved &%ci# ce0-ove& in(en"i(y n'&sD. Ce (er " dos d$#e do v.eo!ecnho v/r "u
7 pre D H1J pre , dos( ne#e 7 ] k 0o< H
" 1oho vyp0/v 6 >e pre K #=>e n hr diD
6 pre(o #o>no p$s D
QF ro"s h in(en"$( v0 s(n i -(or ri(#e(ic-/ ro"s h ve2-os($ D po1%v 0i6 nie &e pr$sne <eo#e(ric-6 0e pod2 se! P D ] N6 76 G6 M6 Z ...... * = i E p = &p H1J H& h p H& M s H& Z s .... i = I 1" 7F p I H&" 7F p I H& G " 7F J I H& M L 7F p I H& Z " 7F ... p I H& n " 7F J H& n p
Av. -6 p d &%ce " ( - ve2-/ in(en"i(y v (/#6 >e &edn pro(i e& n #o>no " ned! D6 po1e( v0 s(n/ch ce0-ove& in(en"i(y v/r "ne dohro# dy6 (o #=>e !yD eOponen( H " pos0edn/ch s%1 sne p0 ($ pre prv/. SF Cedno(- ve2-os(i #=>e !yD ur1en' -o "'-0 dn' &edno(- 6 -(or' - ] 7K V - >do# pr$p de6 >e &e vhodn pre d n% ve2-osD in(erv 0ov odv(edy pri& ('6 v d=s0ed-u (oho & eOponen( "o spo&en/ch ri d-u ce0-ove& in(en"i(y &e uveden' (/#6 ( 0en v/s(up s#er predch'd" &%ceho v ri !i0n se-vencie6 0e nie v"di 0enos(i #ed"i ve2-osDou od se! 6 po#ery "odpoved &%cich in(en"$( #en$. Ter " &e ve2#i podivn6 >e po#ocou prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov o!och pod#ieno-6 -(or #usi !yD sp0nen v s%vis0os(i ( - (esn6 >e ne#=>e(e !yD is($6 >e odch/0-y s-u(o1ne& presnos(i. V s-u(o1nos(i6 pod2 prv' pod#ien- #us$ vo v/r "e pre ve2-osD
hodno( s%1 sne !yD vo ve2-os(i &edno(-y "'-0 dnho po1(u p0i-ov n/ch 0o< ri(#ov rovn - IviT - p. 7QF6 (o(o "'-0 dn po1e( v.eo!ecnho eOponen(u po1(u ce0-ov/ch in(en"$(6 -(or po1%v 0 ve2-os(i srie s di3erenci'0o# r "6 pre(o>e &e eOponen( prv/ po#ere (/ch(o in(en"i( n s( ven' n D ] N D ] 7. Ter " &e "'-0 dn' r d prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov ] G6S78G8 .. po TH 7Q7 v"h2 do# -o#pi0'cie #' eOponen( ro"s hu in(en"i(y6 -(or po1%v 0i ve2-osDou dnes pri& 0 ( -#er (%(o hodno(u. Odch/0-y s%1 sn/ch us( noven$6 -(or #=>e(e " vesiD n !ody6 -(or so# uro!i0.6 V pr$spev-u v spr'v ch SA)HS Soc I78R9. S. R8 33F s podro!ne dis-u(ov 0o. A!y (ie> "&ednodu.iD v"orec (u T 0e& vhodn/# v/!ero# &edno(- in(en"i(y6 -o &e
(o #o>n6 #'(e -o in(en"i( &edno(-y 1J v"i D6 -(or' od (e& do!y & odch/0i #ierne od &edno(y6 s in(en"i(ou o!0ohy su!s(r'(u p pri "v >ov n$ (o n per3e-(n/ ve1er (# v 0e!o nor#'0ne o1i B0 c- "n$>en' si #ys0$6 >e s n hehin s%h0 s$. V"orec &e (ed "&ednodu.en/ -o &e (o #o>n D ] 0o< ] 0oe nie s#e ce0-ov' in(en"i( p ^ i 6 0e " in(en"i(y a #er D6 pre(o vie#. A0e -eT uv'>i#e6 >e v & sn/ch hvie"d (ried6 -o &e M. n &vy..i 6 s pro(i a #=>e !yD v/r "ne " ned! n6 # &% (endenciu !yD nie0en pov >ov n " nevidi(e2n6 0e & s0 !.ie vidi(e2n ve2-os(ne& (riedy (e0es-opic-'6 -(or !y dos( (o1ne "is- hvie"d in(en"i( 6 in(en"i( -r &ine #=>u !yD (ie> v/"n #ne prinieso0 "#i"n%D pro(i ich v0 s(ne& in(en"i(y hvie"dy6 !ude6 v pr$p de6 >e ve2-osD 1in$ princ$p ur1ov ni v. de s dos( (o1nou 3y"ic-ou 0e!o (e0es-opic-y ro".$ren in(en"i(ou6 >e s (/- in(en"i(y " d=vodu u> "n (e2n6 v"orec D ] 0o< a s D ] 0o(e v/r "ne synony#o# & pre prepo&enie ve2-os(i in(en"i(y #o>no v.eo!ecne pou>iD po(o#6 1o &eden !o0 pr've "n$>en (e0es-opic-y ur1i(e& in(en"i(y ve2-os(i n nie (e0es-opic-/ is(/6 1o n d v/r "o# D f ] k prih0'siD Anh 0(s-o pos-y(nu(/. Dos den$# (o in(en"i(y "is- ce" T 0e-oh2 d dosD si0n/6 !y pro(i Qi pripo enie na internet prih0'senie predo&8etk'm pro(i pro(o-o0u Qi &e " ned! (e2n/6 K ] 76 po(o# D f ] 0o< fi ] 0oe (e0es-opic-/ in(en"i( Qi v po#ere Q !y s "n$>i0o n hodno(u (rue a "n$>iD6 " (e0es-opic-e& odh dov ne& ve2-os(i D f 6 0e prih0'siD Q odpo1$( D n pr v/ a priniesD s%visi ce. Do-onc & v(edy6 ni1 ne!r'ni (o#u6 n #ies(o (oho6 !y "v/.i0 v po#ere - 0i#i(ne& po#er in(en"i(y d=vodu 1J 1is(' in(en"i( 1ierne& o!0ohe predvo0en 0e!o nor#'0ne o1i 1ierne apri& D -o ce0o-6 v -(oro# #ies(o #' ve2-osD nu0 . Ter " v n dv5"nos(i n ro-ov ni I- pi(o0 G7F6 in(en"i( o1$ 1ierne nepr vdepodo!n6 nie e 1 sy pr h6 e s% (ie> eOponen( ro"s hu in(en"i(y6 nu0ov/ !od " hvie"dnych ve2-os($ s 0en o!&edn D ve2-osD v51.i -o !so0%(n nu0 !odu poci( sve(0 6 do-onc 6 - &eden chce0 !yD sp'& n/ s (/# pre n'hodu. Av. -6 v sys(#e s (u n vrhov ne&6 ni>.e& (riedy s s('0e vidi(e2n/ch hvie"d s po(o# 0$.i !e" T 0e-oh2 du vo2n/# o-o# u> nie o rovn -/ch ro"die0ov6 0e pr vdepodo!ne s T 0e-oh2 do#6 - pr -(ic- "d' !yD6 pre(o>e s% "vy1 &ne po"orov n s(rono#ic-/ch %1e0y s T 0e-oh2 do#. Ce nepochy!n6 #' pod#ien-u pre odh d ve2-os(i #ed"ier ( -6 >e "v$D "$ 0en ich in(en"i( hvie"d6 1o (o v.e(-o6 >e in(en"i( re son[00 #i"ivo # 0 v porovn n$ s prirod"enou 0e!o u#e0o "v/.i0 v0 s(n% in(en"i(u hvie"dy vidi(e2n v s0 !.ie6 (o n &#5 u (/ch n &#en.$ch (e0es-opic- hvie"d do(er " s(re(0i 0en 1i s(o1ne6 !e"
princ$pu sp0nenie # D & sne n #ys0iK &e (ie> #o>no nie &e dos( (o1n/ "'u&e# o s(ronE#iu6 -o re <ov D n pr cne podro!ne us( noveni v (o#(o oh2 de. ?ed"i(/# s vysve(2u&e (/#6 pr vdepodo!ne & n ro"die0 od pro!0#ov porovn (e2n odh du o- 6 -o0$s nie s( novenie ve2-os(i # 0/ch hvie"d6 -(or s n ch'd" &% v s(ronE#ovK eOponen( ro"s hu in(en"i(y6 -(or vyp0/v &% " r="nych vy.e(ren$6 !ude in30uier( ur1i(/# sp=so!o# presnos(i (/# "nev/hodnen. Be" nov/ch vy.e(rov nie s oh2 do# n vy..ie uveden "'s dy6 "d' s #i6 (en(o 10'nonie &e priniesD do 1is(e& & sn6 nech D ( - vy.e(rov nie s(ronE#ov6 - !y # 0i !yD dos( (o1ne "'u&e# o ne.
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"odpoved 0o # Oi#'0ne& nor#'0ne ci(0ivos(i6 (en(o s'# !y hodno( 1 & ! 3or#y. V ( -o# s#ere6 spr'vne vn$# D ro"die06 &e v51.ie -o " s "d'6 pod2 v"orc I7F " 1ne !yD "re&#6 l & " 1$n !yD6 v op 1no# s#ere spr'vne vn$# n' v.eo!ecnho v"orc IGF6 - H & " " 1$n !yDK V d=s0ed-u (oho6 prv6 v pr$p de l 1 " 6 druh' pri C . V in(erv 0och = &. ! pre ] 6 1o ro!$ (o is(6 v in(erv 0och , ! ^ - != & ! 6 0e!o6 n po-on6 1o &e op5D rovn -/6 v in(erv 0och , = > = &e vn$# n/ ro"die0 v !e"vedo#$. A- &e ro"die0 s pre& vu&e v ver-ehr(e# "#ys0e6 !y s v51.i pr$D >0ivosD ne> #en.ie s o!& v$6 s r s(o# 6 hodno( ? -0es' s po-0eso# r s(ie6 vy..ie uveden' po0oh v"orce nie s% ( - pou>i(e2n6 o-re# (oho6 >e po(o# "n #enie 1o s vysun%D pre ci(e2nho ro"die0u #o>no in(erpre(ov D v op 1no# "#ys0e. To vyp0/v &edn - " !0i>.o# s-%# n$ sp=so!u6 v -(oro# s "0e vn$# n' #ed"er spr'vne vn$# n' s%visi ce6 1i s(o1ne6 d=s0edne6 s odvodenie v"orc si(u'cie n po"e#n/ch rovn$c IviT - p. GZF. Des aon-r(ne s preds( vu&e -o ( -. Vo v.e(-/ch pr$p doch6 -eT s% - dispo"$cii i! spr'vne vn$# n ro"die0y s% (ed " hrnu( n .ich v"orcov6 (o -o 1 "1 &e v51.$ -o 76 (/#6 >e vy> du&e spr'vne vn$# n% ro"die0o#6 >e &e v51.ie -o " s & v$6 - &e v51.ie -o " pre(o6 l +6 (/#6 >e ! s o!& v$ v51.ie -o , - " v51.ie -o , pre(o [l 76 > do dosi hnu(i pr hove& hodno(y K -de vn$# n' priep sD &e v !e"vedo#$K Ted 6 v.e(-y hodno(y #u.(u -o " - dosi hnu(iu 1 1 ! 6 1 1 " !yD & -o hr nic &e v51.$ -o 7. * ro"die0 od pr$p dov6 -eT &e ro"die0 v (o# "#ys0e6 ver-ehr(e# #=>u !yD vn$# n6 ( - s v"D hu&e6 >e i! &eden " dvoch pr hov/ch hodn=( 1 6 & ! #' hodno(u v51.iu -o 76 " (i 2 1o druh/ v rovn -e& do!e #' hodno(u #en.iu -o 7. V s-u(o1nos(i !y podne(6 -(or/ s #=>e o!& viD v51.ie -o os( (n6 n prie- (o#u6 >e &e #en.i 6 !ude (o s #o"re&#e vy"er D v51.ie6 (/# s-=r6 - &e -o on6 0e!o 1i &e e.(e o nie1o v51.$6 pri1o# pr hov' hodno( nie-(orho >i dnych hodno('ch vy..$ -o 76 0e!o do-onc n 7 s #o(n/6 -(or' rovnosD - ! "odpoved' #=>e !yD dosi hnu(K podne( " 6 #us$ n &prv !yD v51.ie -o &e ( - "re&#6 vys-y(u&%ce rovnosD. To "n #en'6 >e #us$ pr hov' hodno( & 6 -(or' &e p0 (n'6 - l " &e #en.i -o 76 &e hodno( 1 " 6 vy"n 1u&%ci s (/#6 hodno( " l odpoved'6 >e &e v51.i -o 76 ( - pod#ien- dodr> n'6 >e ('(o hodno( nie &e #=>e !yD dosi hnu(/6 (o #o>no dosi hnuD. V pre&edn'v ne& veci s v. - #ed"e in(erv 0u6 v -(oro# vn$# n$ ro"die0u &e nevedo#e6 pod2 hodn=( = & ! = s( noven'. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 & o7 (ie> o7 Ipre(o>e & !l 7F6 po(o# n o!och hr nici ch $ !, in(erv 0 nevedo#/ch
hodn=( "n (e2nho ro"die0u p d' %p0ne n s(r ne6 -de ! l . T - d0ho6 -o H &. ", vn$# n/ ro"die0 #' hodno(u vedo#e v &edno# s#ere6 "ni>u&e ni>.ie , ( - s predpo-0 d'6 >e v op 1no# s#ere s vedo#$# hodn=(K in(erv 06 v -(oro# vn$# ro"die0 n do!%d hodno(y &e o!r'(ene6 (o ] ! n = 1 . " v (o#(o in(erv 0e &e (o(i> $ !, pre(o>e & $ 7K A0e & ce" ro"die0 s s('0e o!& vu&e v prvo# s#ere6 v -(oro# s pre o!e"i(u v vi c -o " s o!& v$. A- chce(e "$s- D #ieru nevhodn/ch hodn=( poci( v in(erv 0och6 -de 3 0o.ne v51.ie -o " s o!& v$6 #'#e pre pou>iD p0 (n/ v"orec IGF6 pre(o>e v s-u(o1nos(i " l 6 0e "'porn "n #ien-o , ! , (o6 1o s (u o!r'(iD v po"i($vny6 0e!o s-=r upo"orniD n !e"vedo#i 6 uviesD povedo#ie o poci( ver-ehr(e# "#ys0e (/#6 -o #ed"ery v (o#(o in(erv 0e6 & -eT v s-u(o1nos(i v (o# "#ys0e6 "e , " &e v !e"vedo#$6 s "'porn "n #ien-o "odpoved'6 0e ro".iru&e s do in(erv 0u vedo# hodno(y op 1no# "#ys0e. To nie &e r!i(r'rny pr vid0o6 pre(o>e n "'-0 dn od=vodnenie v"orcov Ii GZF6 u- "u&e6 >e v"orec IGF v pr$p de perver"n poci( v=!ec pod2 v"orc , ! ] k I0o< & ! L 0o< [F &e po(re!n vy#eniD6 -(or' o!s hu&e vy& drenie n'.ho pr'vneho "n -ov in(erpre('ci pri #o. PoT#e s po"rieD n "o"n # v"orcov pre "#enu 1 sov ni pries(orov u#ies(nenie6 (o n &#5 ( -6 ( - rie.i "odpoved &%ci# deriv'cie6 -o pred(/# pov >ov n " &ednoduch/ pr$p d6 "'vis$ "#en pr h chy! # 6 0e!o >e -o 3 -(or pr hov si(u'cie &. 6 &. " pr$de6 " se v dvoch 3 -(orov6 &e "'vis0/ n n 1 sov nie /, 1o &e prevr'(en' hodno( pri #5(%ce n 1 sov nie predpo-0 d'6 &eden " pries(orove& po0ohy v "'vis0os(i n r 6 -(or/ s recipro1n hodno(y n #5(%ce pries(orove& po0ohy6 ( -6 >e n #ies(o (oho6 !y i! dv )hy! pr hy# (er "6 v "'vis0os(i n .(yri po(enci'0ne "'#ene 1 sov pries(orov po0ohe v51.ie #en.ie podne(6 -o ( -/ .(yr#i v/"n #n/#i ud 0osD #i n .ich v'hov/ch s-%.o- ITH 77MF vysve(2u&e6 "$s- D .(yri pr hov hodno(y ch/!6 ( ->e nor#'0ne pr h n'so!iD Respe-($ve &e d D do - >de& vrs(vy #u0(iLh#o(nos(i 0e!o pod2 h#o(nos(i I1o s #o"re&#e s%vis$F s%visi ce s pr hovou -on ni . BuT(e Q 7 6 Q G 6 Q M 6 Q Z Z (en(o chy!ov pr hov hodno(y6 ich spo0o1n o"n 1enie Q 6 #'#e - &edn " (/ch(o pr hov/ch hodn=( /r &e6 pre os( (n 6 6 ( -6 >e dv & " nich s% v"'&o#ne recipro1n. Ce s #o"re&#e nepods( (n6 -(or/ " nich s s Q 7 6 Q G 6 (T chce(e vo0 D6 -o &e 2 hos( &n/ & pre se! 6 pre -(or/ch &e h0 vn' vec chce#e pou>iD &eden 0e!o druh/ " (/ch(o v.eo!ecn/ch pod#ieno-6 o-re# (oho6 >e s#e s pou>iD in/ d=s0edne6
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; predch'd" &%ce& si(u'cie v"orce s% (ie6 -(or (ie> "odpoved &% op 1n/ch po"$ci$ n T 0.ie h#o(nos(i v 1 se pries(ore6 vy"n 1u&%ci s (/#6 >e o!s hu&% recipro1n hodno(y pr hov chy!y6 (& pre , 7 , Z , -o , G , M . ?=>u !yD povo0 n$ re.pe-(ov D n v"'&o# -on&u<'(. * #ies(o (oho6 rovn -o -o pred(/#6 po#er podne( #ys0ieD rovn - pre v.e(-y "#eny pos( veni vp0yvu si(u'cie n "#ene o!vy-0e& pr hov hodno(y 9 "$s- D vyn'so!en$# s pr ho# ch/!6 #=>e !yD po !ode I- pi(o0 MGF 3or# v"orcov I7 F6 IGF6 IMF6 rovn -o -o & vp0yv n si(u'ciu n "#ene dr'>divho po#er #ys0eni vo v"D hu n'so!en$# prevr'(enou hodno(ou pr hu ch/!6 " (i 2 1o n nor#'0ny pr h 9 re"erv v ne"#enene& podo!e pr hu. Po prv6 - si #ys0$#e6 >e vT pos( venie podne(ov ne"#enen/ch -o s(i#u0 1n/ po#er vy-0 d' pod2 po0ohy podne(y s r="nou ci(0ivosDou6 pos0edn/ p'dy6 po1 0 po#er podne(ov6 -(or p=so!i v "'vis0os(i n ich po"$ciu v upr veno# sp=so!o#6 s (e0esnou ne"'vis0 n ci(0ivos(i po0ohy. O! re>i#y pre"en('cie spri "nen h2 dis- s (/#6 >e upr ven/ pro(i
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c M ] ^ p L P 6 c Z ] L p L P K IQF -(or/ c 7 c Z 6 c G c M rovn -e& ve2-os(i # &% op 1n "n #ien-o. ?=>e(e6 s oh2 do# n se! 6 s n "/v &% "dru>en6 - s #y. aon&u<ov 0 rovnice v "#ys0e i GS p (r$. *es#ie#e " !udn%D6 n vy.e6 >e rovnic IQF6 0en v ro"s hu6 v -(oro# p0 ($ ( - / r #'0o &edno(-y s 0$.i 6 pre(o B s% # 0 "0o#-y6 (&6 -eT 1 s pries(or chy! 0en #ierne v po#ere - J ^ D &eK - nie &e vo v/r "e c 7 6 c G 6 (T (ie> pr'vo#oci produ-(y p 6 P s dos( 0K -o n'&sD 2 h-o6 - &eden ro!$ predch'd" &%ce En(\ic-e0un<enK 6 Be" (oho6 !y nie1o n " ned!'v nie. V ni>.ie .peci3i-ov n pre vysve(0enie eOperi#en(ov6 -(or s% " #es(n n 0ie1en$ po #o&e& po-usy o h#o(nos(i pro<r #u6 T 0.$ h#o(nosD &e D pos(upne priviedo0 do Z #o>n/ch po0=h6 ( ->e " - >d/# s -0 dn/# "n #ien-o# !y # 0o d=&sD n h0 vn% h#o(nosDou6 po0ohy ro"&$# -on.( n( chy! c &e v>dy " 0o>en/ n ( - ro".$ren d=r ". S # o se!e nie0en !r'ni ni16 0e (o #=>e (ie> #=>u 3or#'0ne s0u>!y6 -o !ude u-'" n rovn' s (/- &% -on.( n(n/ chy! n #en.iu h#o(nosD6 -(or' &e v op 1ne& po0ohe6 -o ve2-6 ( - pro(i2 h0 C 6 #' " (/#(o %1e0o# &e 0en nu(n v51.iu v'hu -o h0 vn/ h#o(nos(i J " veden v #enov (e0i predch'd" &%cich v"orcov6 D 6 !y s v 1i( (e0i &e ne< ($vny6 pre(o>e s #o"re&#e #en.i h#o(nosD #' (o2-o under\ei<h( pro(i v51.iu ne> ('(o n dv'hy pro(i #en.ie. ; (/ch(o pod#ieno- #' v pr$p doch6 -eT po"i($vne pr$d vn "'v >ie D udr>i v rovn - pos( venie -o &e (o#u v pr$p de &ednho rovn -/ eOperi#en( -o h0 vn/ pr$p de po-usov6 v>dy v/!er pou>iD &eden 0e!o druh/ -on&u<'(u rovn$c6 " -(or/ch &eden po(o# v>dy n v51.ie v'he6 druh' &e s od- "ov D n #en.e& h#o(nos(i6 ce0' hodno( D E C s predpo-0 d' n rovn -e& ve2-os(i op 1nho "n #ien- pre v51.iu #en.iu h#o(nosD hodno( J #ed"i hodno( #i #en.ie v51.ie "#eny h#o(nos(i. Ro!$ s po"rie(e (er " n pr vid0o dvoch "dru>en/ch rovn$c v>dy &eden pre ur1enie hodno(y , up0 (Uov D6 v -(oro# D ^ c &e -0 dn' Is ne< ($vny# D &e pr$p d6 -eT c &e po"i($vny "'roveUl D &eF6 #us$ (o ( - J ^ D ^ C -de-o2ve- v #ies(e v51.$ s(i#u0 1n/ J n #en.ie " podne(u Un(erschieds# A3or#e0K #=>e(e &u vidieD ve2 6 -o -e!y , ur1$ pod2 (oh(o v"orc 6 -(or nero!$ oso!i(n pr vid0o pre o!r'(enie "n #ien- v pr$p de o!r'(en/ch vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov nevyhnu(n. * #ies(o (oho s#e "$s- 0i v - >do# pr$p de po"i($vne "n #enie , pre vedo#6 "'porn% hodno(u pre !e"vedo#i . Av. -6 vn$# n "0 pr$p dy s po(o# 0$.i od spr'vne vn$# n/ (/#6 >e "0e vn$# n pou>i(ie ne< ($vneho D, spr'vne vn$# n' po"i($vne D "'p su. A- o! & podne(y rovn'6 po(o# predch'd" &%ce v"orce !y s('0e s0%>i n ur1enie hodno(y ci(0ivos(i v "'vis0os(i n 1 se pries(orove& po0ohy "'v >i 6 D -on.( n(n/ chy! rovn' nu0e6 n s( viD podne( - prep'>-e6 &e po"i($vne po"i($vnych hodn=( , n'&sD hodno(y vedo#ho poci(u sp=so!o#. Po (o#6 1o u> !o0o poved n6 si(u'ci v"orec pre &eden (en is(/ vn$# n/ ro"die0 #=>e , pri (roch r="nych 3or#'ch n hor6 v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i s vp0yv po0ohy pr hov% po0ohy Q6 0e!o ich v"'&o#ne& po0ohy 3 -(or F 6 0e!o 3un-1ne s%visi ce
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po -(oro# #=>e(e vidieD6 -o s chov' -o "v0'.(ny pr$p d pod2 si(u'cie v"orc 6 -de c &e rovn' nu0eK pri #y# v/h2 do# -o c " d D & -o v ri n(u D -o o d #o>no uchopiD. Po-i 2 pr hov hodno(y ch/! 0o- 0i" 1n 3 -(ory Q 6 F v ino# !so0%(ne& ve2-os(i s(i#u0u J "os( 0 -on.( n(n'6 vp0yv si(u'ci !y s (o#u6 !y pr'vo n @e!erVv po-usy o di3erenci'0ne& ci(0ivos(i &edno(0iv/ch J po(vrdi0 pri #o " dr> nie n rovn -o# #ies(e. Av. -6 pod2 #=&ho po-usy "#eny h#o(nos(i v.eo!ecne >, A, (/#(o Q 6 F (/#(o 3 -(oro#6 -(or/ &e hodno( J ^ D s n'so!$ v eOpresiu -on.( n(ne& chy!y v s%0 de s Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 s ve2-osDou J, (o &e (o nu(n6 r "6 >e v "'u&#e !<e5nder(e# v ( -/ch .(%di'ch n J "$s- D po(vrdenie o pr've @e!er6 ods(r'niD -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 (/# s( noviD pr$p d od s(r ny #usi & v pr$p de6 >e vn$# n ro"die0y i! " Un(erschieds# A3or#e06 nie v"orc ri denie "'vise0K Po druh6 >e " %1e0o# presved1ivo vyu>iD po0ohy v"orcoch pre #er nie vn$# ne& ro"die0y6 hodno(y >, A, M, F 6 -o "'vis0 hodno(y v s('0ych ch/! v "#enen/ch hodn=( J s "#enen/ch hodno('ch6 o!vy-0e -o 3un-ci J , s( novu&e6 1o v"D h &e d=0e>i(6 !y s po#ery "'vis0osD (/ch(o hodn=( J s !0i>.ie pres-%# D6 1o so# v ! ni6 v 1 s(i X?e(Edy #er ni X "v0'.(ne po>i d v-y n -o#uni-'cie6 (es(y6 & -eT #=>e pos-y(n%D nie-(or " pr$spev-ov6 v h0 vne&6 0e s('0e vi c ce"hr ni1n vy.e(rov nie #us$ od- "ov D. Od predch'd" &%ce& s pre(o6 >e - s po Ip oF v neus('0o# ch/! c <ener'06 3 -(or J ^ D &e dos( 06 0e C &e v.eo!ecne %#ern' J ^ D s n ch'd" u druhho 3 -(or F L 76 0e!o (ie> n Uo# "'vis$.
Od (e& do!y so# v>dy pov >ov 0 i! "'vis0osD chy!ov/ch pr hov6 0o- 0i" 1n 3 -(ory6 T 0e& uveden' (ie> -on.( n(n/ chy! 1 sovho pries(orovho u#ies(neni porovn nie ve2-os($K 0e (ie> sp=so!6 -o uro!iD ve2-os(i pre porovn nie6 (ed sp=so! # nipu0'cie v eOperi#en(och6 -(or #=>e # D v porovn n$ ve2-os(i nerovn6 "'ver6 >e !ude # D vp0yv6 -(or/ s vys-y(u&e v presne rovn -o# poh2 de -o "'vis0' n #ies(e6 >e d=vod6 pre1o &e (u #ene& &ednoduch6 ro"hodne ne#o>no h2 d D v v ri'ci$ !so0%(n ci(0ivosD n podne(y6 do ur1i(e& #iery. V s-u(o1nos(i6 1i &e #o>n' 3un-ci -on.( n(n' chy!u c pred v/ni#-ou u#ies(nenie pre#enn/ch6 (ie> "n 1-e ve2-os(i. Ted 6 v sp=so!e 0en "n (e2n ro"die0y #=>e # D " n's0edo- -on.( n(n/ chy!y op 1n/# "n #ien-o#6 pod2 (oho6 -o s priviesD v51.$ s(i#u0 "n$>en$# 0e!o "v/.en$# #en.ie podne( - "& vne& rovnos(i s os( (n/#iK v sp=so!e prie#erne& chy!y &e -on.( n(n' chy! !yD sp=so!en v>dy pred0o>iD "0 ve2-os(i6 0e nie nor#'0ne ve2-os(i nove0y "d n0iv rovnos(i s
os( (n/#i. *ie-o2-o #o&ich T s(versuchsreihen #e(Edou prie#erne& chy!y s v0 s(nou p0i-'ciou -ruhu u- "u&% ve2#i v/r "n/ -on.( n(n/ chy!u6 -(or' pre(rv'v & po ods(r'nen$ 1 su pries(oru6 chy!y6 0en " (oh(o d=vodu s "d' !yD pripo1$( n/K pri pou>i($ -ruhu "o s(r ny p r(ner 6 0e ch/! 0o6 0e!o spoU "os( 0 ne& sn/. T #6 -de s s('0e -on &% T 0.ie #iery "'vis0os(i n -on.( n(n% chy!u6 -o o 1 sove& pries(orove& po0ohe6 (o ni1 ne#en$ n princ$poch6 " -(or/ch s% predch'd" &%ce v"orce vyvinu(K po(o# ni1 vo v"or-'ch6 -(or c s%1 sDou6 (o &e i! vy0o>i0 c in -6 -(or #=>u !yD 2 h-o preh0i dnuD &ednoduch/# o!do!ne6 1$s0o po"$cie v"orcov r s(ie. Vhodne #=>e !yD n predch'd" &%ce pos%denie vp0yvu n nepredv$d n n dv5"u&%6 -(or/6 -o TH SQ !o0 vyvo0 n' hr D n v.e(-/ch #er c$ch #e(Ed6 ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i h0 vne& %0ohe6 (o -o (/#(o od=vodniD pr vid0o6 -(or !o0 d n/ ( #(ie>6 #er nie r="ne ci(0ivos(i dr> D podo!n 0en v (o#(o &edno# #=>e(e predpo-0 d D rovn -% # r>u n'hod (u. S(ru1ne poved n6 preds( vu&e %1ino- even(u 0i(y -o &eden s ve2-osDou ro"p5(ie rovn -e& pes(ov nie6 "vy.u&%c o!vy-0 pr hov hodno(y 9, -(or/ produ-ov 06 !y v prie#ere #no>s(ve (es(ov6 nie &e -o#pen"'ciu (oh(o 1inid0 6 -o "#eny pr hov/ch chy! Q "6 0e!o U#ies(nenie 3 -(or F v - >do# s #os( (no# eOperi#en(e6 prie#er ( - 1 s(o si0no dr> 0 v p0use -o #$nus6 s( 0 s vi c rovn - pros(ried-y6 0e!o 1o (o hovor$ (o is(6 -o r s(%c spo0o1nosD s ro"s ho# even(u 0i( "v/.enie hodno(y d vyv'>eni -o &eden upros(red ;v/.enie s(ried nie "n$>enie hodno(y c . V s-u(o1nos(i6 1$# v51.$ &e ro"s h even(u 0i(y v eOperi#en(och6 #en.ie p'dy v s-u(o1nos(i !yD "$s- n " pros(ried-u #noh/ch eOperi#en(ov #er nie ci(0ivos(i di3erenci'0ne& 6 -o u> !o0o TH SS !o0 vyvo0 n/6 0e (ie> #=>e !yD ro"die0 vo ve2-os(i v - >do# Cedno(0iv eOperi#en(y pod#ienen/ch s "v51.$ 0e!o "#en.$ ve2-osD6 (ie(o %1in-y -o#pen"ov D - >d/ si vy> du&e6 " predpo-0 du6 >e &e (o (en(o pr$p d6 u> pov >ov n' " pr$1inu neh=d6 0e -on.( n(n/ chy!y. av 0i3i-'(or #=>e vysve(0iD ( -(oP Av. -6 ur1i( hodno(y S%di c pod2 ide'0neho pr$p de6 >e ro"die0 #ed"i n &0 cne&.ie #o>n/ch pod#ieno- sp d' do poci(u6 >e !y -o %p0ne # 0/ ro"die0 ne#=>e !yD vn$# n' -o "v0'.(ne6 0e s(%p v poci(e6 d 6 -o 0en ru1n v/"n #n/ ro"die06 #i#ochodo#6 ni1 ne!r'ni (o#u6 !y v 0i#i(no# pr$p de nu0ovho ci(0ivos(i6 !e" (oho !y (o nie1o "#en$ v n s0edu&%co# ro"!ore. * &0ep.i vec6 0e nie &e #o>n %p0ne sp0niD6 pre(o>e nepredv$d (e2n (er " v (e&(o6 dnes v (o#(o "#ys0e vyr'! D odch/0-y od n &pri "nive&.$ch o-o0nos($. A-/ "#yse06 0e (er " (ie> # &% (ie(o "#eny6 #=>e (o !yD 0en o "n$>enie ci(0ivos(i6 1$# ro".$ri0 svo& vp0yv -o odch/0- od n &0ep.ieho .('(neho 9 0e!o by som !yD6 1o "vy.u&e s ro".$ren$# ro"s hu v/ni#ie-K 0e n "'-0 de 30u-(u'ciou pr$p de #i#ori dnych ud 0os($ o-o0o prie#erne& hodno(y (ie> -o0$.e o-o0o prie#erne& hodno(y6 -(or' s #en$ -o ro".$renie 0e!o "n$>enie 9 0e!o C #=>e !yD v" (' v &edno(0iv/ch eOperi#en(och.
77*III. Ao/!n1+r! k /!1I3a/ /!ran a % 1, vos1 .

Be" (oho !y s#e chce0i $sD do (u vo v.e(-/ch ver"i'ch6 -(or (%(o (#u !y #oh0o viesD6 so# "vi " D nie-(or veci6 -(or #=>u s0%>iD ro".$renie s-=r dis-u(ov n/ch #e(Ed #er ni ci(0ivos(i n vysve(0enie v is(o# "#ys0e & do dis-usi$ v"orcov v predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0e6 pri " chov n$ v Uo# pou>$v &% #en' !y v. -6 po-%si# s (u u-'" D6 >e p0 (nosD "'s d6 n -(or/ch (o !ude (u6 (e1ie " nich pr vid0' (/- &%ce s p0 (nos(i (/ch(o v"orcov ro".iru&e (o6 1o &e po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e #e(Edy oceUov ni # &% s0%>iD ci(0ivosD & pre pr$p d6 -edy pr'vo n @e!er 6 n -(or podporu&% predch'd" &%ce v"orce6 nie6 0e!o nep0 ($ s ro"u#nou proOi#'ciu. Rovn -o -o v - p. Berie# n vedo#ie GS6 vp0yv 1 sovho pries(orovho u#ies(neni porovn n$ s(i#u0 #o>no in(erpre(ov D dv -r'( s eOperi#en(#i n -on(r s(n ci(0ivos(i. Ce is(6 >e r="ne v/hodn podne(y s r="nou !so0%(nou ci(0ivosD s #=>e pov >ov D " I !so0%(ny "'-0 dFK pochy!ov D o (o#6 1 sov' 0e!o pries(orov' re0'cie " podne(ov &e T 0.$ d=vod6 pre1o Ire0 ($vn d=vodF d D do hry. V s-u(o1nos(i6 vp0yv n 1 sov nie ve2#i do!re v"h2 do# - p'r vs(upu odvo0 D vn$# v/ or<'n spHU u> "#eni0 prvo# s(i#u0u6 - &e n &edne& s(r ne ur1i(/ * chd uer -on' - >d/ s(i#u0 %1ino-6 n druhe& s(r ne6 &e o(upenie -/#-o2vedr'>div %1in-y 7F 6 vp0yvy6 -(or p=so!i v op 1no# "#ys0e6 " ich -on30i-(ov Respe-($ve prev hou o-o0nos($ &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e vysve(0iD pro(e n v ri !i0i(u 1 s chy!ov/ch pod#ieno-6 -(or so# uviedo0 vo svo&o# h#o(nos(i T s(versuchen. O! & vp0yv#i6 0e #=>e !yD poh2 d -o &e (o #o>n v n &v.eo!ecne&.e& ver"ii -oncep(u !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i6 -o (o(o. Pre(o>e -eT dr'>div/ n chd uer( v or<'ne6 nes-=r s vy> du&e i! #en.ie s(i#u06 ne> &e o!vy-06 !y & n T 0e& produ-ov D rovn - ve2-os(i sen"'ci K (er#$n #er nie !so0%(ne& ci(0ivosD s #=>e v. - !yD " 0o>en 0en (o6 >e &e v o!r'(eno# po#ere s(i#u0u6 rovn -e& ve2-os(i sp=so!u&e poci(. Po-i 2 ide o o(upenie prevodi(e2nosD " p'0i0 n "#enu ci(0ivos(i se! . Bo ( - #i#ochodo# ne!r'ni6 pre(o>e #=>e(e pre-0 d D -%-o2ve"#enu ci(0ivos(i n "#eny s(i#u0 1nho e3e-(u6 uro!iD (o is( (u6 (o6 1o vy.e(rov nie nie0en nevy0u1u&e6 0e v - >do# pr$p de s('0e "os('v nie1o6 do -e& #iery (' 1i on o-o0nosD viny !o0 n "#eny v ci(0ivos(i 0e!o podr'>deni .
7F
Bo s n "/v %n v po "dv$h nie "'v >i 6 (re! po1$( D s-=r n !/v 0ho -o pos0edn uveden o-o0nos(i6 pre(o>e s c$(i(e un ven$ (o & !e" "'D >e un ven %dy6 -o D >- rovn - " D >enie &e D >.ie6 ne> &e o!vy-0 v .('(eK v"h2 do# - (o#u6 1o s n "/v %n v o- po(o#6 1o vide0 sve(0o6 !ude p$s D s-=r n druho# o-o0nos($6 v pr$p de6 un ven/ sve(0 o-o vid$ #ene& sve(0 -o nonLun ven/.
Vp0yv n0 n<end pries(orove& po0ohy6 #' s " (o6 >e r="ne or<'ny 0e!o 1 s(i sen(ien(n$ or<'nu6 0e!o do-onc rovn - 1 s(i v r="nych pries(orov/ch po0oh'ch6 v pr$p de6 >e s% spo&en so "#en #i s( vu 1 s($ #=>e !yD spo&en' s inou ci(0ivosDouK >e (ed v pr$p de o!och porovn'v n/ch podne(y s% vn$# n nie v>dy & s rovn -/#i
1 sD #i v rovn -o# s( ve6 ich nich #=>u o!& viD vp0yv n ich odh du6 ( ->e -eT so# n v'he s-%s(e h#o(nosD s &edn/#6 druh/ s druhe& s(r ne v/D h6 0e!o v prechode " 2 ve& 0e!o pr ve& " se do in/ch h#o(nosDou s rovn -ou r%-6 "'p5s($6 pod2 (oho6 1o so# s $sD (/#(o s#ero# v (o#6 0e!o 0en d D in% po"$ciu ru-y pri dvoch r="nych h#o(nos(i ch. Rovn -o -o - >d -%"0o v or<'noch6 n -(or p=so!i 6 #' ur1i(% * chd uer o(upenie 0is(y6 -(or prich'd" &% do -on30i-(u6 rovn -o -o --o2ve- s(i#u0 1n/ %-ony v is(e& ces(e o-o0o6 irr diier( &edne& s(r ne do os( (n/ch 1 s($ s%h0 s$ s (/#6 n s(r ne druhe&6 ci(0ivosD T 0.ie die0y n( <onis(ic- s vp0yvy6 -(or #=>u !yD "0o>i( s predch'd" &%cou6 v pr$p de6 >e podne(y " r="nych or<'nov 0e!o 1 s($ or<'nov6 -(or # &% !yD ch'p n. V ro"s hu6 v -(oro# s &eden 0e!o druh/6 r="ne 1 sov pries(orov u#ies(nenie porovn'v n/ch podne(ov "$s- v vp0yv n !so0%(nu ci(0ivos(i6 s -(orou s vy-0 d' pod2 pr hov/ch hodn=( b 6 b !, &eho prevr'(en' hodno( #iery !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i (/ch(o podne(ov s #en$K v/"n # (/ch(o "#ien &e s-oro6 po(o# v.eo!ecne vypr cov n n "'-0 de n .ich predch'd" &%cich v"orcov do %v hy. V - p. GM. s( noven% hr nicu ro"die0 v"orec n'# d'v hodno(u Pr vd Sens (ion ro"die0 v "'vis0os(i n ro"die0e pr hov b, b ! 6 1o #=>e !yD (ie> o!& vi0 (en(o ro"die0K v"orc si(u'ci " predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0y n'# hodno(u "n (e2nho ro"die0u v "'vis0os(i n (e& is(e& odrody pr hov/ch hodn=( b, b !, pod Vor sse("un<6 >e vp0yv po0ohy i! n (o#(o ro"die0e6 (ed !so0%(ny "'-0 d6 " 0o>en6 s( v6 -(or/ 3o0<ends -o s s-0 d' pri& (/. A- s vyd'#e T 0e& vo v"or-'ch ri denie 9 ] 76 1o "odpoved' do v/.-y ro"die0u v ci(0ivos(i6 ( ->e c$(i#e (en ro"die06 -o (o &e6 pre(o &e nu(n s (/#(o vr'(i0 "o v"orcov si(u'cie n pr hu ro"die0 v"orce. A- ve"#e#e s v prvo# r de 0en &ednoduchou 3un-ciou vn$# ne& ro"die0u si(u'cie do %v hy6 s "$s- redu-ciou 9 ] 7 vo v"or-'ch de#<e#5Aen u#ies(nenie
I7F Av. -6 ro"die0 pr h v"orec v predch'd" &%ce& in.( 0'cii6 pod2 (oho6 -o s#e ! 0e!o v 1i( (e0i6 s%P
IGF Porovn nie v"orcov I7F IGF6 1$# u- "u&e6 >e K
" -(or/ch d=0e>i(/ v/s0edo- (o-y6 -(or s#e v #ed"n' chy! # 6 u#ies(nenie 0e!o v"orcov6 ( ->e v"'&o#ne& 0o- 0i" 1n 3 -(ory # &% po#er !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i6 s -ou podne(y s vy-0 d' pod2 svo&ho pos( veni K vy"n 1u&%ci s (/#6 hodno( # ] l 7 "n #en'6 >e ci(0ivosD n s(i#u0 1n &e v51.ie -o " &e hodno( # C 76 0e n op -6 ci(0ivosD n ! &e v51.$ -o &e. V pr$p de6 >e "0o>en 3un-cie chy!ov pr hov hodno(y 1 sov pries(orov u#ies(nenie6 #=>e#e (ie> pou>iD &ednoduch/ po#er -o#po"i(n/ po#er v
(v re ZO " #eni(e2n hodn=( n hr diD v ne&6 1o "n #en'6 >e po#er !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i v "'vis0os(i n (/ch(o -o#po"i(n/ "'vis0os(i6 n #ies(o hodn=( Q 7 6 Q G 6 Q M 6 Q Z 6 0e!o ich v"'&o#n/ch hodn=( F 7 6 F G 6 F M 6 F Z s vys-y(u&e. V.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e &e s Q "odpoved'. V pr$p de &ednoduche& "'vis0os(i &e "n$>en' 6 &e preu-'" n6 (ed " (o s #o o se!e i 6 . n 6 (o v.eo!ecne 0e!o po#enov n ( -6 >e hodno(y m
; predpo-0 du6 s v51.ou ci(0ivosDou n podne(6 -(or/ s o!& v$ v51.ie ne> druh/6 -eT &e -o on6 -0 dn' -on.( n( chy! 6 s #en.ou ci(0ivosDou vyp0/v " neho6 " (i 2 1o "'porn' -on.( n( chy! . Ter " si n -on.( n(n% chy!u n .i#i #e(Ed #i #er ni 6 ci(0ivosD ur1en/ ve2#i presneK "'vis0osD hodno(y Q ] 0e!o F ] v "'vis0os(i n u#ies(nen$ ro"die0ov n podne(y s('0ych ch/! &e s( noven' & v predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0e6 po(o# #=>e s0%>iD "$s- n po1 s eOperi#en(ov n -on.( n(n% chy!u di3erenci'0ne& ci(0ivos(i6 n'&sD po#er !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i pre r="ne pre3erov n podne(y # D6 - !so0%(ne dno vp0yvu si(u'cie #o>no pov >ov D s'# -o p0 (n/6 1o &e6 -eT nie v. de6 0e (ie> !yD pr$pus(n v #noh/ch pr$p doch.Po(o# #us$#e (o(o us( novenieP K v pr$p de6 >e D ] N K Kon8tantn' c(yby, ktor ,mo.=, 7 t7to ap*ik2ci,, sa ob-as /0ska -iasto-ne met;do, spr2&nyc( a nespr2&nyc( pr0pado&, niekedy met;do, priemerne c(yby. 9*e
tam, kde eden c(ce /2merne poro&na+ pomery cit*i&osti d&oc( r5/nyc( orD2no& a*ebo -ast0 orD2no&, e &(odn po,.i+ met;d, ek&i&a*ento&, ktor2 sa /aober2 TI 1T1, a ktor' &ys&et*i* nas*edo&ne na8ic( &/orco&. Predpo-0 d &#e6 >e si(u'ci v"orc I7F
po(o# po - p. GS " nich >i dny ro"die06 ( - d0ho6 -o hodno(y #ed"i #'6 0e!o hodno( #ed"i p d'. Ter " v'# prin'. #e v #e(Ede
e-viv 0en(ov6 po#er v (/ch(o #ed"i ch v>dy "n$>i06 pos-y(u&% v51.$ po1e( (ypov/ch s-%.o-6 n -(or pr vdepodo!nosD " si hnu(/ n'hodou6 pre v.e(-y hodno(y #ed"i (/#i(o 0i#i(#i &e rovn -e& ve2-os(i6 !y hodno(
hodno( prie#er s% prev" ( rovn -o B s(o6 -eT 6 2u!ovo2ne& ve2-os(iK &e #en.i 6 ne> &e ur1en/. Ter " s#e s n'so!iD v.e(-y hodno(y , "$s- #e pre(i hni(e <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er (/ch(o hodn=(6 po(o# "dvihni(e 3 -(ory " 6 6 6 #y udr> D hodno(u ] ] 0e3( s'#6 -(or/ n'# hovor$6 >e pr hov hodno(y pri #o 6 pre(o &e ci(0ivosD - se!e nepri #o -o e-viv 0en(n podne(y , 6 6 do -(ore& p (r$6 s spr'v &%6 1o &e vyh0'senie o sp=so!e e-viv 0en(ov6 v s-u(o1nos(i. ; (oh(o d=vodu &e "re&#6 >e v (e&(o "'s dy n r "6 nie v. - ri(#e(ic-/ <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er #ed"i r="ny#i po#er#i 6 &e6 !y s 6 pre -(or !o0o "is(en6 rovnocennosDK v nie pr$0i. T 0e-o od0i.n hodno(y6 0e &e ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# sp=so!#i " ned! (e2n.
Ce A- s pri s-%.- ch n "'-0 de e-viv 0encie o-re# pries(orove& po0ohy n 1 sov nie sp=so!u v/ro!y ve2-os($ "$s- v &% do r%-6 !ude ('6 -(or' &e "'vis0' n v"D hu - pries(orove& po0ohy 0e!o v>dy vyhr D 1is(o n predch'd" &%co# pr$-0 de6 - rovn - #no>s(vo .(%di$ s-res0en n 1 sov nie sp=so! v/ro!y (/ch(o pre#enn/ch n dve 1 s(i n &#e6 <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er " v/ro!-ov v.e(-/ch po#erov e-viv 0encie ( -(o "$s- n/ch (i hne od "'vis0' n n 1 sov nie sp=so!e v/ro!n/ch 3 -(orov6 v (o#(o pr$p de (ie> -o#pen"ov n. Hoci predch'd" &%ci d=- " o vyu>i(e2nos(i s('0ych ch/! rovnocennos(i porovn n$ !so0%(nych ci(0ivos(i !o0 spo&en' s v"orcov6 -(or predpo-0 d &% p0 (nosD "'-on @e!er 6 0e (o pou>i(e2nosD &e %p0ne ne"'vis0' od p0 (nos(i (oh(o "'-on K (ie> v - >do# ino# pr'v 6 &e s('0e rovn -/ -o v "'vis0os(i n po#ere Q 0e!o )6 -(or/
Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 &e repre"en(ov n/ po#ocou v"orcov6 sp=so!6 e-viv 0en(ov s pou>$v &% rovn -/# sp=so!o#. To #us$ 1e0iD ( -6 -v 0i3i-'(orP Dv iden(ic- s 6 0e r="ne podne(y6 -(or (u *evhodn J, J ! 6 #=>e !yD po> dov n'6 !ude !e" vp0yvu n si(u'ciu vn$# n' -o rovn. Vp0yvo# po0ohy "o!r "en6 n pr$-0 d6 J &e v51.$ -o druh/K 0e s#e schopn$ po princ$pe I- pi(o0 GSF o rovnos(i poci( o!noviD6 >e s#e J " ur1i(% hodno(u c "oo#6 -(or/ "'roveU #ier -on.( n(n/ chy!y v J &e6 - &e (o n ich -o#pen"'ciu. Ter " pre!udiD J J ! ^ c rovn -o si0n/ poci(. Pod2 ide o !so0%(nu ci(0ivos(i6 0e (ie s% vo v"'&o#n/ch v"D hoch s%visi cich pr hov/ch hodn=( B 6 B ' v pri #ych v"D hoch s(i#u0 1n/ch pre#enn/ch6 -(or pos-y(u&% podo!n/ poci(K ( ->e #'#e ] 0e!o6 -de J != J 6 &e ] pre(o ]
-de c &e po(re!n pov >ov D " -on.( n(n% chy! s(i#u0u6 n -(or B od- "u&e. Pre(o>e s% (ie(o v"orce s% v.eo!ecne p0 (n pre 2u!ovo2n% hodno(u J s%6 ( ->e si #=>e(e v Uo# pre J Se( J ^ D . Pre(o v.e(-y pod#ien-y pre v's dos( D "novu6 1o Ipo"ri vy..ieF !o0i prid n6 !e" (oho6 !y po(re!ov 0 vr'(iD do si(u'cie v"orcov. Po-i 2 ide o #e(Edy e-viv 0en(ov6 -o (o spo1$v 6 (ie> ne"'vis0e n pr've n @e!er 6 v pods( (e 0en 1 - &%K 6 ke -eT s dv & podne(y " dvoch 1 s($6 -(or s # &% vy0o>iD s r="nou ci(0ivosD6 &eden v op -ov n/ch po-usoch6 ich v"D h dos( ne do !odu6 -edy &e ro"die0 pre poci( "#i"ne6 s (en(o po#er v>dy
ur1i(/#
prie#ern/ po#er -o0$.e6 &e v pr$p de n'hody6 rovn -o -o 1 s(o "vy.u&e " rovn -/ch pod#ieno- -o "n$>enie d=&de6 -o <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er v.e(-/ch hodn=( #o>no "$s- D6 -o !o0o "is(en. Ten(o prie#ern/ po#er &e de3inov n/ -o ve2-osD s(i#u0u posud"ov nho6 -(or' !y s o!& vi0 6 !e" oh2 du n nepredv$d n rovn -6 v s%0 de s pod#ien- #i !so0%(nou ci(0ivos(i (u n ch'd" & po#er !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i pre (ie(o ve2-os(i s(i#u0u. Pros(redn$c(vo# #e(Ed #er ni 6 ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i s v>dy v d no# 1 se pries(orov/ch po"$ci$ podne(y 0en -o#p0eO pries(or 1 s ch/! -on.( n(n/ chy!ov c 6 (o !uT pre se! 6 -o &e n pr$-0 d #e(Edou prie#erne& chy!y6 0e!o do-onc e.(e s D "0o>i(6 vo 3or#e ( I D ^ C F GF 6 pri1o# sp=so! spr'vnych nespr'vnych pr$p dovK (o &e po(o# 2 h-o odvodiD 1 sov pries(orov chy!y.
GF M
Th ,S 77G s%h0 s$ s (/#6 >e (u c &e rovn -/.
A-o &e (o po(re!n uro!iD v #e(Ede spr'vnych "0/ch pr$p doch6 Th ,S &e u> 77M 3 dis-u(ov 0i6 ( ->e #e(Edu v #e(Ede prie#erne& chy!y v/r "ne "'p sov. Av. -6 rovn -o -o n 0/"y -on.( n(n ce0-ove& chy!y s oh2 do# n n's0edne (%(o #e(Edu &e vysve(0en (u (rochu podro!ne&.ie6 pri1o# %v hy o pr$p d vys-y(u&%ce s v s-%senos(i s-u(o1ne " (o6 >e c "p 6 P &e s('0e vyni- &%ci od (re(iny hodn=( v "'vis0os(i. a0 die#e n n .e Anh 0(6 Th 7GN n s0 v.eo!ecne dis-u(ov n6 Th ,S G77 1i s(o1ne o"n'#en6 "dr v/ %sudo- <ropin<s pod. V (/ch(o eOperi#en(och6 ?iss v"di 0enosD !y s nor#'0ne v"di 0enos(i6 >e hodno( (u J 6 s n ch'd" &% v rovn -/ch prie#erov eOperi#en(ov6 n ro"die0 od -on.( n(ne& chy!u preds( vu&e ( -6 >e v prie#ere6 = D 6 #us$ !yD n s( ven/ n N. MF . Odch/0- 6 -(or' u- "u&e prie#ern #in%D v"di 0enosD od nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i "'vis$ %p0ne n "'-0 de -on.( n(ne& chy!y c 6 &e (o preds( vu&e s'#6 -(or/ &e (er "6 0e nedo-'>e po (o#6 -edy pod#ien-y pre ri denie nor#'0neho v"di 0enos(i #inu(ie v"di 0enosD s 0$.i od se! s#ero# 0$.i od p 6 P o-o0nos(i6 0e (re(in hodno(y s "0o>en/.
MF D
" Au<en# Aversuche TH G77 ponorie-6 ne> &e nor#'0ne v"di 0enos(i pods( (ne6 nie s D !yD "#5(en$ (o & v predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0e6 0e s-=r porovn'v J.
Po-i 2 oso!i(n us( noveni (/ch(o "0o>ie- ce0-ove& chy!y c -on D6 ( ->e #us$ !yD eOperi#en(y s pr$sneho odde0eni #e(odic-/ch "#ien op 1ne& 1 sov pries(orov u#ies(nenie " #es(n n/6 ( -(o "$s- n r="ny#i hodno( #i c s% -o#!inov n v/po1(o# v &edno#6 -(or # &% !yD "o!r "en sp=so!o#. Respe-($ve , ,,6 -(or # &% !yD pod2 op 1n 1 sov/ %se-6 ( ->e chy! 1 sov ni ^ p L p -o s%1 sD -on.( n(n' ce0-ov' chy! c prepo&iD6 >e s o!& v$ n T s(versuchen6 -edy - >d/ prv/ do(-ne nor#'0ne& -ruh v po0ohe ,6 po(o# "0yh nie -ruh 6 po(o#6 "#en chy!nho -ruhu ro!$6 - &e &eho ro"p5(ie &e vn$# n/ -o od0i.n/ od !e>nho -ruhu6 vo vrs(ve ,,6 0e - >d/ prv/ do(-ne "0/ -ruh6 po(o# nor#'0ne -ruh6 po(o# s #en$ "0 -ruhy6 - nor#'0ny -ruh6 -(or/ !o0 uveden/ chy!n/ -o#p s nie &e "o!r "$ pod2 (oho. Ten(o #e(odic-/ proces sep r'cie pr$p dov "$s- n/ch (/#(o sp=so!o# so# s s(re(o0 vo svo&o# T s(versuchen v.eo!ecne. A& s Au<en# Aversuchen #oho0 pos(upov D ( - !y6 n #ies(o (oho6 !y "#enu ?iss v"di 0enos(i od nepr vide0nho o-r%h0eho Her!0ic-en6 -o (o v>dy ro!i0i v predch'd" &%cich eOperi#en(och6 " - >d/# pri A& prve& nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i6 s0e1n v"di 0enosD6 n &prv -oncipov n/ n ,, o- 6 (ie(o pr$p dy vy!r 0. A-o op - pries(orove& po0ohy A O, 0e!o K ?, (ed chy! ^ P L !y d vo v"D hu6 #=>u !yD " vedenP v T s(versuchen udr>i v n$ nor#'0ne& -ruh r " vpr vo6 ndere# 0 v 2 ve& ru-e6 0e!o s hornou do0nou 1 s(i ru-y ZF 6 v. -6 "0yh nie -ruh s
!erie v>dy v op 1no# s#ereK n #ies(e nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i vpr vo Au<en# Aversuchen do2 v 6 hore do0e pro(i s0e1ne v"di 0enos(iK -(or/ n &prv po#er v hori"on('0ne&6 ver(i-'0ne& v"di 0enosD -one1ne prich'd" do %v hy.
ZF
T -/(o ro"die0ny pr$s(up prich'd" do %v hy6 -eT s ve"#e do %v hy o! -ruhy (ou is(ou ru-ou6 !y po-usy n druhe& s(r ne6 n pr$-0 d. av 0i3i-'(or )h'pe# (o pod K 6 - s(op- nor#'0neho -ruhu #ed"i p 0co# u- "ov'-o# I(o6 1o#u hovor$# horn' 1 sD ru-y n "v DF6 n #isL-ruhu #ed"i "vy.n/#i (ro#i prs( #i vo0 (i0i(y ru-y I(o6 1o#u hovor$# spodn% 1 sD ru-y vo0 nieF s-upinyK s ?, v pr$p de6 >e inver"n/ po#er "'suv-y pre!ieh D.
?o>no6 >e & -eT od0i.n/# pr$s(upo#6 -ruh n T s(versuchen &e s-=r !r D -o "re(e2n/ "e#episnho h2 dis- v/ro!ne& #e(Edy6 -o od0i.n pries(orov po0ohy porovn'v n/ch ve2-os($K Av. -6 (o ne#en$ v # (e# (ic-o# spr cov n$ "'vis0/ch ch/!. Predpo-0 d &#e (er "6 >e #'#e v .(yroch h0 vn/ch pr$p dov6 -(or v"ni- &% -o v n .ich eOperi#en(och6 IO, II O, IA, II A 0e!o I?, ? II, IK, II K .(yri s('0e chy! c 7 6 c G 6 c M 6 c Z -o "v0'.(ne hodno(y ch/! c n'&den/6 s#e - (ie(o chy!y &ednoducho pod2 p 6 P "'vis$ L - (o ( - ne!o0o6 &e s'# " po 0ie1!e viesD L rovnic 6 -o ) pe.GS6 -(or # &% !yD n s( venP c7]^pEP6 Lp^PK cM]^pLP6 cG] cZ="p"P
#=>e s Irespe-($ve prid n$# 0e!o od1$( n$# dvoch (/ch(o rovn$c od se! de0enie GF p P, ur1$ - >d/ " dvoch hodn=( v .(yroch s#eroch6 (o n s0edovneP I7F IGF IMF IZF
Tie(o .(yri sp=so!y s( noveni s nes#ie 0$.iD od se! n v"'&o#6 -o &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e #=>e !yD (0 1en' n nevyv'>en/ch pod#ienen/chK aeT &e s-u(o1ne 0en 3un-cie p, Ppre!ieh 6 eOperi#en(y so v.e(-/#i vrs(v #i Z "os( 0 porovn (e2n'. @o3ern h2 d D T 0.ie pods( (n ro"die0y #ed"i (/#i(o .(yr#i re>i# #i s( novenie sho\6 -(o !uT #us$ predpo-0 d D6 >e dos( (o1n' #ier porovn (e2nos(i s ne-on 06 s-=r nepredv$d (e2n # 0i in% ve2-osD v ur1i(/ch
po0oh'ch do ine& #ies(nos(i6 0e!o 1 s pries(or vp0yv ne> v in/ch vrs(v'ch6 0e!o s v/ni#-ou (/ch6 -(or re'0ne vp0yvy6 -(or p 6 P s% "'vis0$6 0e T 0.ie -on 06 -(or po(o# #=>u !yD6 -o ur1iD6 ur1iD. To #o>no 2 h-o preh0i dnuD6 >e prie#er hodn=( I7F IGF s%h0 s$ s prie#ero# hodn=( IMF IZFK ( -6 >e ( #6 -de &e 0en #diu#6 -(or/# s s( novu&e p, P prich'd" s rovnic #i I0F IGF6 o-re# (oho6 >e s dos( ne6 rovn -o -o u rovn$c IMF IZF6 -o & n op -. A-o I)h GSF si v.i#o06 (er " prich'd" v #e(Ede prie#erne& chy!y nie-edy & -on.( n(n/ chy! v " s('v-e6 -(or' vyp0/v " (oho6 >e i! nespr'vne& ve2-os(i6 n -(or od- "u&e#e -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 0e nie nor#'0ne ve2-osD "#eny &e vys( ven/. T'(o chy! 6 -(or' to hor%co6 udr>u&e op 1n% 1 sov% pries(orov% po0ohu ve2-os(i de3e-(u rovn - hodno(y rovn - "n #ien-o. A& -eT so# v>dy "is(i06 >e &e "n 1n ve2-os(i6 0e ( #6 -de ni-(o " p0e(ie s n 0/"ou -on.( n(nou chy!y6 s-%# D v - >do# &edno(0ivo# pr$p de6 1i #' ( -'6 v"h2 do# n (o6 >e rovnic pre -on.( n(n/ chy!y v pos-y(n%D v.eo!ecn/ sp=so! prie#erne& chy!y6 -o &e (en(oP c 7 = p E P ^ s, cM]pLP^s6 To d'v P I7F IGF C G = " p ^ P ^ s: cZ]Lp"P^p
T # "os( n% v (o#(o pr$p de i! dve rovnice pre s( novenie - >de& v2 vo -o#ponen(ov6 -(or #usi pos-y(n%D dos( (o1ne &edno#yse2ne hodno(y pri pri& ($ (oh(o "'vis0osD po#erov !ude s( 1iD6 0e!o ( # !o0 dos( (o1n/ s(upeU porovn (e2nos(i eOperi#en(ov. A- chce(e ro"0i.ov D dve hodno(y p, P, s, -(or/ s "$s- pod2 odse-u I7F IGF6 1o &e #o>n pripr viD "odpoved &%ce indeOy6 -o J 7 6 J G 6 (T od0$.en ich s%1e(6 0is( !yD pou>$v n/ !e" indeOu n svo&ich pros(ried-ov 0e!o " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($. V.eo!ecn' po"n'#- " s0%>i (er "6 >e v pr$p de6 >e hodno(y p 7 6 p G do!re v"'&o#ne dohodn%D6 (o &e (ie> nu(n s hodno( #i P 7 6 P G s 7 , s G 6 &e (o ( -6 -o n op -6 rovn -o -o n'0 d nonLspo0upr'ce "'vis$ dvo& -/ hodno(y v.e(-/ch (roch spo0o1ne v so0id ri(e. Av. -6 v %"-e& spo0upr'ci n'0 dy #en.ie dvo&0=>-ov hodno(y ne#=>e vy> dov D v (o#6 >e ich v"D h &e !0$"-o - &edno(e6 0e >e -o s #ierne 0$.i od NK !y pri -on.( n(ne& chy! p 6 P s &e ve2#i # 0' v porovn n$ s os( (n/#i &eden 0e!o dv in6 &e neur1i(e2n/ch i! 0en do (e& #iery6 -o &e is(6 >e &eho # 0e& ve2-os(i s o!& v$ v=!ec.
Hodno(y -on.( n(n/ chy!ov "0o>-y p, P, s, -(or' s "$s- &% " vy..ie uveden/ch rovn$c "os('v &% v=!ec ovp0yvnen nepredv$d n vi c6 #ene& %pr v s vy-on'v pod2 po1(u porovn (e2nosD eOperi#en(ov. V pr$p de chy!y p, P 0e!o s pov h pr$p du nepre&de6 on s oci(ne pre(o6 " d=vodu ( -/ch #i#ori dnych nevyv'>en/6 0e v.eo!ecne nie nu0 pod2 vy..ie uveden/ch rovn$c6 0e ( - # 06 >e s vysunie po#ocou (/ch(o rovn$c n "'-0 de hodno(y pr vdepodo!nos(i vyd'v s 0en n nepredv$d n v/d v-y 6 #usi !yD (0 1en 0e!o pov >ov n " "n 1ne neis(.V/po1e( pr vdepodo!nos(i s% pr vid0' pre presne&.ie pos%denie v (e&(o s%vis0os(i6 n -(or v. - nie &e #o>n (u podro!ne op$s n'. V ne#'0o #o&ich <ropin<s s v0 s(nou p0i-'ciou -ruhu #'# nie0en dvo&i( hodno(y p 6 P, 0e & o to 6 !y ve2-/ d=s0edne s 6 >e nie pochy!ov D o eOis(encii v.e(-/ch (roch ch/! v pod#ien- ch (/ch(o eOperi#en(ov6 0e " in/ch o-o0nos($ &eden 0e!o in' chy! "os( 0 ne& sn/. Vi c o (o# v X?e(Edy #er ni .X Au<en# Aversuche ne!o0i ( - " #es(n n/6 !y -o#p0e(n% n 0/"u -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 0e 0en ( -6 !y pries(orov chy!e n &#5 u-'" 0o neus('0y# chy!y v "'vis0os(i n pries(orove& po0ohy ne"'vis06 -(orho "0o>enie sp=so! "os( 0o ne"n'#e& v/.-e6 s ro"0o>$. V s-u(o1nos(i6 - nie &e -o#p0e(n' n 0/" s('0ych ch/! v %#ys0e6 0e i! &eden 0e!o druh/ " nich -o#ponen(y6 n pr$-0 d v "'vis0os(i n pries(orove& po0ohe P, ur1$ &u ( -6 !y s po-usy n s-res0en pries(orove& po0ohy6 v. -6 n 1 sov nie sp=so! v/ro!y n'-upn/ ve2-os(i prie#eru "os('v rovn -'. Po(o# &eden "$s- i! dv -on.( n(n/ chy!ov c 7 6 c G 6 pre -(or/ s( novu&e rovnice -oP c7]PEC cG="PEC " 1oho vyp0/v 6
V (o#(o do-u#en(e6 P 6 -(or' &e "'vis0' n pries(orove& po0ohy6 C ne"'vis0e n pries(orove& po0ohy6 pr$p dne -o#po"i(n/ "0o>- -on.( n(n/ chy!u. aeT s% po-usy vy-on'v s "odpoved &%ci#i "#en #i6 #=>u p P s% podro!en s-%.- # " T 0.ieho ro"!oru. T ->e si #=>e(e pre"rieD s upr ven/#i ve2-osDou h0 vy6 1i u> v eOperi#en(och p 0e!o P v -on.( n(ne& #o>no ho ro"de0iD pod2 "'vis0os(i n ve2-os(i h0 vn/ch s%1 s($ &edne& 3un-cii. V T s(versuchsreihe so# #eni0 "nen$ -ruhu "'#erne ( -6 >e so# -edysi nor#'0ny -o#p s v>dy pren s0edu&e "0 -ruhy n noh'ch6 -(or s ndere# 0 v>dy o!r'(en/6 %spech (/ch(o do-u#en(ov s porovn nie6 -de o! & -ruhy v>dy n s(on-y6 -de o! & s% v>dy n -on1 (in'ch6 c V.e(-y (ie(o "#eny # 0i vp0yv n -on.( n(n% chy!u. Vi c .peci'0ne o (o#6 0e #us$# versp ren n X#e(Ed #er ni X.
a/# -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 -(or dos( ne#e pri vy-on'v n$ #e(Edy #er ni 6 &e ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i n "o!r "eno# pr$-0 de #=>e !yD pou>i(' pre porovn nie !so0%(nych ci(0ivos(i6 po-i 2 ide o !so0%(ny d=vod &e p0 (n'6 s% (ie(o #e(Edy # &% " n's0edo- s-=r "o!r "enho sp=so!o#6 (/#6 >e ods(r'ni -on.( n(n/ chy!y pre #er nie r="ne ci(0ivos(i6 pre(o>e eOis(u&e "o "#eny po0ohy podne(ov s #os( (ne. Prin'. #e (o(i> !uT hodno(u D do !odu6 >e D ne"'vis0e eOis(u&%ce od -on.( n(n' chy!u 0en v/r "n ro"die0y d &e rovn/6 1o &e #e(Ed pr've "re&# ro"die0y6 0e!o ur1$#e s(redn chy!y #e(Edy prie#erne& chy!y hodno(e -(or' s d &e v pri #o# po#ere6 0e!o v hodno('ch t = (D sp=so! spr'vnych nespr'vnych pr$p doch hodno( 6 -(or' s d s(o&$ vo v"'&o#n/ch v"D hoch6 -de ( -o ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i &e pri #o %#ern' d &e nepri #o %#ern'. Ce po(re!n v"i D do %v hy6 >e d &e v51.ie 0e!o #en.ie "0yh nie v "'vis0os(i n od!ory nepredv$d n/ch6 - nie v/0u1ne " nich "'vis$6 o-re# ide'0ne # Oi#'0ne ro"die0u v ci(0ivos(i6 ( -6 >e6 -o &e op -ov ne pripo#en%D6 >e #er nie s r="nou ci(0ivosDou s% porovn (e2n 0en do (e& #iery6 pre(o>e predpo-0 d &% rovn -/ ro"s h #i#ori dnych ud 0os($.
77*III. Ao/!n1+r! k /!1I3a/ /!ran a % 1, vos1 .

Be" (oho !y s#e chce0i $sD do (u vo v.e(-/ch ver"i'ch6 -(or (%(o (#u !y #oh0o viesD6 so# "vi " D nie-(or veci6 -(or #=>u s0%>iD ro".$renie s-=r dis-u(ov n/ch #e(Ed #er ni ci(0ivos(i n vysve(0enie v is(o# "#ys0e & do dis-usi$ v"orcov v predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0e6 pri " chov n$ v Uo# pou>$v &% #en' !y v. -6 po-%si# s (u u-'" D6 >e p0 (nosD "'s d6 n -(or/ch (o !ude (u6 (e1ie " nich pr vid0' (/- &%ce s p0 (nos(i (/ch(o v"orcov ro".iru&e (o6 1o &e po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e #e(Edy oceUov ni # &% s0%>iD ci(0ivosD & pre pr$p d6 -edy pr'vo n @e!er 6 n -(or podporu&% predch'd" &%ce v"orce6 nie6 0e!o nep0 ($ s ro"u#nou proOi#'ciu. Rovn -o -o v - p. Berie# n vedo#ie GS6 vp0yv 1 sovho pries(orovho u#ies(neni porovn n$ s(i#u0 #o>no in(erpre(ov D dv -r'( s eOperi#en(#i n -on(r s(n ci(0ivos(i. Ce is(6 >e r="ne v/hodn podne(y s r="nou !so0%(nou ci(0ivosD s #=>e pov >ov D " I !so0%(ny "'-0 dFK pochy!ov D o (o#6 1 sov' 0e!o pries(orov' re0'cie " podne(ov &e T 0.$ d=vod6 pre1o Ire0 ($vn d=vodF d D do hry. V s-u(o1nos(i6 vp0yv n 1 sov nie ve2#i do!re v"h2 do# - p'r vs(upu odvo0 D vn$# v/ or<'n spHU u> "#eni0 prvo# s(i#u0u6 - &e n &edne& s(r ne ur1i(/ * chd uer -on' - >d/ s(i#u0 %1ino-6 n druhe& s(r ne6 &e o(upenie -/#-o2vedr'>div %1in-y 7F 6 vp0yvy6 -(or p=so!i v op 1no# "#ys0e6 " ich -on30i-(ov Respe-($ve prev hou o-o0nos($ &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e vysve(0iD pro(e n v ri !i0i(u 1 s chy!ov/ch pod#ieno-6 -(or so# uviedo0 vo svo&o# h#o(nos(i T s(versuchen. O! & vp0yv#i6 0e #=>e !yD poh2 d -o &e (o #o>n v n &v.eo!ecne&.e& ver"ii -oncep(u !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i6 -o (o(o. Pre(o>e -eT dr'>div/ n chd uer( v or<'ne6 nes-=r s vy> du&e i! #en.ie s(i#u06 ne> &e o!vy-06 !y & n T 0e& produ-ov D rovn - ve2-os(i sen"'ci K (er#$n #er nie !so0%(ne& ci(0ivosD s #=>e v. - !yD " 0o>en 0en (o6 >e &e v o!r'(eno# po#ere s(i#u0u6 rovn -e& ve2-os(i sp=so!u&e poci(. Po-i 2 ide o o(upenie prevodi(e2nosD " p'0i0 n "#enu ci(0ivos(i se! . Bo ( - #i#ochodo# ne!r'ni6 pre(o>e #=>e(e pre-0 d D -%-o2ve-
"#enu ci(0ivos(i n "#eny s(i#u0 1nho e3e-(u6 uro!iD (o is( (u6 (o6 1o vy.e(rov nie nie0en nevy0u1u&e6 0e v - >do# pr$p de s('0e "os('v nie1o6 do -e& #iery (' 1i on o-o0nosD viny !o0 n "#eny v ci(0ivos(i 0e!o podr'>deni .
7F
Bo s n "/v %n v po "dv$h nie "'v >i 6 (re! po1$( D s-=r n !/v 0ho -o pos0edn uveden o-o0nos(i6 pre(o>e s c$(i(e un ven$ (o & !e" "'D >e un ven %dy6 -o D >- rovn - " D >enie &e D >.ie6 ne> &e o!vy-0 v .('(eK v"h2 do# - (o#u6 1o s n "/v %n v o- po(o#6 1o vide0 sve(0o6 !ude p$s D s-=r n druho# o-o0nos($6 v pr$p de6 un ven/ sve(0 o-o vid$ #ene& sve(0 -o nonLun ven/.
Vp0yv n0 n<end pries(orove& po0ohy6 #' s " (o6 >e r="ne or<'ny 0e!o 1 s(i sen(ien(n$ or<'nu6 0e!o do-onc rovn - 1 s(i v r="nych pries(orov/ch po0oh'ch6 v pr$p de6 >e s% spo&en so "#en #i s( vu 1 s($ #=>e !yD spo&en' s inou ci(0ivosDouK >e (ed v pr$p de o!och porovn'v n/ch podne(y s% vn$# n nie v>dy & s rovn -/#i 1 sD #i v rovn -o# s( ve6 ich nich #=>u o!& viD vp0yv n ich odh du6 ( ->e -eT so# n v'he s-%s(e h#o(nosD s &edn/#6 druh/ s druhe& s(r ne v/D h6 0e!o v prechode " 2 ve& 0e!o pr ve& " se do in/ch h#o(nosDou s rovn -ou r%-6 "'p5s($6 pod2 (oho6 1o so# s $sD (/#(o s#ero# v (o#6 0e!o 0en d D in% po"$ciu ru-y pri dvoch r="nych h#o(nos(i ch. Rovn -o -o - >d -%"0o v or<'noch6 n -(or p=so!i 6 #' ur1i(% * chd uer o(upenie 0is(y6 -(or prich'd" &% do -on30i-(u6 rovn -o -o --o2ve- s(i#u0 1n/ %-ony v is(e& ces(e o-o0o6 irr diier( &edne& s(r ne do os( (n/ch 1 s($ s%h0 s$ s (/#6 n s(r ne druhe&6 ci(0ivosD T 0.ie die0y n( <onis(ic- s vp0yvy6 -(or #=>u !yD "0o>i( s predch'd" &%cou6 v pr$p de6 >e podne(y " r="nych or<'nov 0e!o 1 s($ or<'nov6 -(or # &% !yD ch'p n. V ro"s hu6 v -(oro# s &eden 0e!o druh/6 r="ne 1 sov pries(orov u#ies(nenie porovn'v n/ch podne(ov "$s- v vp0yv n !so0%(nu ci(0ivos(i6 s -(orou s vy-0 d' pod2 pr hov/ch hodn=( b 6 b !, &eho prevr'(en' hodno( #iery !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i (/ch(o podne(ov s #en$K v/"n # (/ch(o "#ien &e s-oro6 po(o# v.eo!ecne vypr cov n n "'-0 de n .ich predch'd" &%cich v"orcov do %v hy. V - p. GM. s( noven% hr nicu ro"die0 v"orec n'# d'v hodno(u Pr vd Sens (ion ro"die0 v "'vis0os(i n ro"die0e pr hov b, b ! 6 1o #=>e !yD (ie> o!& vi0 (en(o ro"die0K v"orc si(u'ci " predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0y n'# hodno(u "n (e2nho ro"die0u v "'vis0os(i n (e& is(e& odrody pr hov/ch hodn=( b, b !, pod Vor sse("un<6 >e vp0yv po0ohy i! n (o#(o ro"die0e6 (ed !so0%(ny "'-0 d6 " 0o>en6 s( v6 -(or/ 3o0<ends -o s s-0 d' pri& (/. A- s vyd'#e T 0e& vo v"or-'ch ri denie 9 ] 76 1o "odpoved' do v/.-y ro"die0u v ci(0ivos(i6 ( ->e c$(i#e (en ro"die06 -o (o &e6 pre(o &e nu(n s (/#(o vr'(i0 "o v"orcov si(u'cie n pr hu ro"die0 v"orce. A- ve"#e#e s v prvo# r de 0en &ednoduchou 3un-ciou vn$# ne& ro"die0u si(u'cie do %v hy6 s "$s- redu-ciou 9 ] 7 vo v"or-'ch de#<e#5Aen u#ies(nenie
I7F Av. -6 ro"die0 pr h v"orec v predch'd" &%ce& in.( 0'cii6 pod2 (oho6 -o s#e ! 0e!o v 1i( (e0i6 s%P
IGF Porovn nie v"orcov I7F IGF6 1$# u- "u&e6 >e K " -(or/ch d=0e>i(/ v/s0edo- (o-y6 -(or s#e v #ed"n' chy! # 6 u#ies(nenie 0e!o v"orcov6 ( ->e v"'&o#ne& 0o- 0i" 1n 3 -(ory # &% po#er !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i6 s -ou podne(y s vy-0 d' pod2 svo&ho pos( veni K vy"n 1u&%ci s (/#6 hodno( # ] l 7 "n #en'6 >e ci(0ivosD n s(i#u0 1n &e v51.ie -o " &e hodno( # C 76 0e n op -6 ci(0ivosD n ! &e v51.$ -o &e. V pr$p de6 >e "0o>en 3un-cie chy!ov pr hov hodno(y 1 sov pries(orov u#ies(nenie6 #=>e#e (ie> pou>iD &ednoduch/ po#er -o#po"i(n/ po#er v
(v re ZO " #eni(e2n hodn=( n hr diD v ne&6 1o "n #en'6 >e po#er !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i v "'vis0os(i n (/ch(o -o#po"i(n/ "'vis0os(i6 n #ies(o hodn=( Q 7 6 Q G 6 Q M 6 Q Z 6 0e!o ich v"'&o#n/ch hodn=( F 7 6 F G 6 F M 6 F Z s vys-y(u&e. V.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e &e s Q "odpoved'. V pr$p de &ednoduche& "'vis0os(i &e "n$>en' 6 &e preu-'" n6 (ed " (o s #o o se!e i 6 . n 6 (o v.eo!ecne 0e!o po#enov n ( -6 >e hodno(y m
; predpo-0 du6 s v51.ou ci(0ivosDou n podne(6 -(or/ s o!& v$ v51.ie ne> druh/6 -eT &e -o on6 -0 dn' -on.( n( chy! 6 s #en.ou ci(0ivosDou vyp0/v " neho6 " (i 2 1o "'porn' -on.( n( chy! . Ter " si n -on.( n(n% chy!u n .i#i #e(Ed #i #er ni 6
ci(0ivosD ur1en/ ve2#i presneK "'vis0osD hodno(y Q ] 0e!o F ] v "'vis0os(i n u#ies(nen$ ro"die0ov n podne(y s('0ych ch/! &e s( noven' & v predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0e6 po(o# #=>e s0%>iD "$s- n po1 s eOperi#en(ov n -on.( n(n% chy!u di3erenci'0ne& ci(0ivos(i6 n'&sD po#er !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i pre r="ne pre3erov n podne(y # D6 - !so0%(ne dno vp0yvu si(u'cie #o>no pov >ov D s'# -o p0 (n/6 1o &e6 -eT nie v. de6 0e (ie> !yD pr$pus(n v #noh/ch pr$p doch.Po(o# #us$#e (o(o us( novenieP K v pr$p de6 >e D ] N K Kon8tantn' c(yby, ktor ,mo.=, 7 t7to ap*ik2ci,, sa ob-as /0ska -iasto-ne met;do, spr2&nyc( a nespr2&nyc( pr0pado&, niekedy met;do, priemerne c(yby. 9*e tam, kde eden c(ce /2merne poro&na+ pomery cit*i&osti d&oc( r5/nyc( orD2no& a*ebo -ast0 orD2no&, e &(odn po,.i+ met;d, ek&i&a*ento&, ktor2 sa /aober2 TI 1T1, a ktor' &ys&et*i* nas*edo&ne na8ic( &/orco&. Predpo-0 d &#e6 >e si(u'ci v"orc I7F
po(o# po - p. GS " nich >i dny ro"die06 ( - d0ho6 -o hodno(y #ed"i #'6 0e!o hodno( #ed"i p d'. Ter " v'# prin'. #e v #e(Ede
e-viv 0en(ov6 po#er v (/ch(o #ed"i ch v>dy "n$>i06 pos-y(u&% v51.$ po1e( (ypov/ch s-%.o-6 n -(or pr vdepodo!nosD " si hnu(/ n'hodou6 pre v.e(-y hodno(y #ed"i (/#i(o 0i#i(#i &e rovn -e& ve2-os(i6 !y hodno(
hodno( prie#er s% prev" ( rovn -o B s(o6 -eT 6 2u!ovo2ne& ve2-os(iK &e #en.i 6 ne> &e ur1en/. Ter " s#e s n'so!iD v.e(-y hodno(y , "$s- #e pre(i hni(e <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er (/ch(o hodn=(6 po(o# "dvihni(e 3 -(ory " 6 6 6 #y udr> D hodno(u ] ] 0e3( s'#6 -(or/ n'# hovor$6 >e pr hov hodno(y pri #o 6 pre(o &e ci(0ivosD - se!e nepri #o -o e-viv 0en(n podne(y , 6 6 do -(ore& p (r$6 s spr'v &%6 1o &e vyh0'senie o sp=so!e e-viv 0en(ov6 v s-u(o1nos(i. ; (oh(o d=vodu &e "re&#6 >e v (e&(o "'s dy n r "6 nie v. - ri(#e(ic-/ <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er #ed"i r="ny#i po#er#i 6 &e6 !y s 6 pre -(or !o0o "is(en6 rovnocennosDK v nie pr$0i.
T 0e-o od0i.n hodno(y6 0e &e ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# sp=so!#i " ned! (e2n.
Ce A- s pri s-%.- ch n "'-0 de e-viv 0encie o-re# pries(orove& po0ohy n 1 sov nie sp=so!u v/ro!y ve2-os($ "$s- v &% do r%-6 !ude ('6 -(or' &e "'vis0' n v"D hu - pries(orove& po0ohy 0e!o v>dy vyhr D 1is(o n predch'd" &%co# pr$-0 de6 - rovn - #no>s(vo .(%di$ s-res0en n 1 sov nie sp=so! v/ro!y (/ch(o pre#enn/ch n dve 1 s(i n &#e6 <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er " v/ro!-ov v.e(-/ch po#erov e-viv 0encie ( -(o "$s- n/ch (i hne od "'vis0' n n 1 sov nie sp=so!e v/ro!n/ch 3 -(orov6 v (o#(o pr$p de (ie> -o#pen"ov n. Hoci predch'd" &%ci d=- " o vyu>i(e2nos(i s('0ych ch/! rovnocennos(i porovn n$ !so0%(nych ci(0ivos(i !o0 spo&en' s v"orcov6 -(or predpo-0 d &% p0 (nosD "'-on @e!er 6 0e (o pou>i(e2nosD &e %p0ne ne"'vis0' od p0 (nos(i (oh(o "'-on K (ie> v - >do# ino# pr'v 6 &e s('0e rovn -/ -o v "'vis0os(i n po#ere Q 0e!o )6 -(or/ Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 &e repre"en(ov n/ po#ocou v"orcov6 sp=so!6 e-viv 0en(ov s pou>$v &% rovn -/# sp=so!o#. To #us$ 1e0iD ( -6 -v 0i3i-'(orP Dv iden(ic- s 6 0e r="ne podne(y6 -(or (u *evhodn J, J ! 6 #=>e !yD po> dov n'6 !ude !e" vp0yvu n si(u'ciu vn$# n' -o rovn. Vp0yvo# po0ohy "o!r "en6 n pr$-0 d6 J &e v51.$ -o druh/K 0e s#e schopn$ po princ$pe I- pi(o0 GSF o rovnos(i poci( o!noviD6 >e s#e J " ur1i(% hodno(u c "oo#6 -(or/ "'roveU #ier -on.( n(n/ chy!y v J &e6 - &e (o n ich -o#pen"'ciu. Ter " pre!udiD J J ! ^ c rovn -o si0n/ poci(. Pod2 ide o !so0%(nu ci(0ivos(i6 0e (ie s% vo v"'&o#n/ch v"D hoch s%visi cich pr hov/ch hodn=( B 6 B ' v pri #ych v"D hoch s(i#u0 1n/ch pre#enn/ch6 -(or pos-y(u&% podo!n/ poci(K ( ->e #'#e ] 0e!o6 -de J != J 6 &e ] pre(o ]
-de c &e po(re!n pov >ov D " -on.( n(n% chy! s(i#u0u6 n -(or B od- "u&e. Pre(o>e s% (ie(o v"orce s% v.eo!ecne p0 (n pre 2u!ovo2n% hodno(u J s%6 ( ->e si #=>e(e v Uo# pre J Se( J ^ D . Pre(o v.e(-y pod#ien-y pre v's dos( D "novu6 1o Ipo"ri vy..ieF !o0i prid n6 !e" (oho6 !y po(re!ov 0 vr'(iD do si(u'cie v"orcov. Po-i 2 ide o #e(Edy e-viv 0en(ov6 -o (o spo1$v 6 (ie> ne"'vis0e n pr've n @e!er 6 v pods( (e 0en 1 - &%K 6 ke -eT s dv & podne(y " dvoch 1 s($6 -(or s # &%
vy0o>iD s r="nou ci(0ivosD6 &eden v op -ov n/ch po-usoch6 ich v"D h dos( ne do !odu6 -edy &e ro"die0 pre poci( "#i"ne6 s (en(o po#er
v>dy
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prie#ern/ po#er -o0$.e6 &e v pr$p de n'hody6 rovn -o -o 1 s(o "vy.u&e " rovn -/ch pod#ieno- -o "n$>enie d=&de6 -o <eo#e(ric-/ prie#er v.e(-/ch hodn=( #o>no "$s- D6 -o !o0o "is(en. Ten(o prie#ern/ po#er &e de3inov n/ -o ve2-osD s(i#u0u posud"ov nho6 -(or' !y s o!& vi0 6 !e" oh2 du n nepredv$d n rovn -6 v s%0 de s pod#ien- #i !so0%(nou ci(0ivos(i (u n ch'd" & po#er !so0%(ne& ci(0ivos(i pre (ie(o ve2-os(i s(i#u0u. Pros(redn$c(vo# #e(Ed #er ni 6 ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i s v>dy v d no# 1 se pries(orov/ch po"$ci$ podne(y 0en -o#p0eO pries(or 1 s ch/! -on.( n(n/ chy!ov c 6 (o !uT pre se! 6 -o &e n pr$-0 d #e(Edou prie#erne& chy!y6 0e!o do-onc e.(e s D "0o>i(6 vo 3or#e ( I D ^ C F GF 6 pri1o# sp=so! spr'vnych nespr'vnych pr$p dovK (o &e po(o# 2 h-o odvodiD 1 sov pries(orov chy!y.
GF M
Th ,S 77G s%h0 s$ s (/#6 >e (u c &e rovn -/.
A-o &e (o po(re!n uro!iD v #e(Ede spr'vnych "0/ch pr$p doch6 Th ,S &e u> 77M 3 dis-u(ov 0i6 ( ->e #e(Edu v #e(Ede prie#erne& chy!y v/r "ne "'p sov. Av. -6 rovn -o -o n 0/"y -on.( n(n ce0-ove& chy!y s oh2 do# n n's0edne (%(o #e(Edu &e vysve(0en (u (rochu podro!ne&.ie6 pri1o# %v hy o pr$p d vys-y(u&%ce s v s-%senos(i s-u(o1ne " (o6 >e c "p 6 P &e s('0e vyni- &%ci od (re(iny hodn=( v "'vis0os(i. a0 die#e n n .e Anh 0(6 Th 7GN n s0 v.eo!ecne dis-u(ov n6 Th ,S G77 1i s(o1ne o"n'#en6 "dr v/ %sudo- <ropin<s pod. V (/ch(o eOperi#en(och6 ?iss v"di 0enosD !y s nor#'0ne v"di 0enos(i6 >e hodno( (u J 6 s n ch'd" &% v rovn -/ch prie#erov eOperi#en(ov6 n ro"die0 od -on.( n(ne& chy!u preds( vu&e ( -6 >e v prie#ere6 = D 6 #us$ !yD n s( ven/ n N. MF . Odch/0- 6 -(or' u- "u&e prie#ern #in%D v"di 0enosD od nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i "'vis$ %p0ne n "'-0 de -on.( n(ne& chy!y c 6 &e (o preds( vu&e s'#6 -(or/ &e (er "6 0e nedo-'>e po (o#6 -edy pod#ien-y pre ri denie nor#'0neho v"di 0enos(i #inu(ie v"di 0enosD s 0$.i od se! s#ero# 0$.i od p 6 P o-o0nos(i6 0e (re(in hodno(y s "0o>en/.
MF D
" Au<en# Aversuche TH G77 ponorie-6 ne> &e nor#'0ne v"di 0enos(i pods( (ne6 nie s D !yD "#5(en$ (o & v predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0e6 0e s-=r porovn'v J.
Po-i 2 oso!i(n us( noveni (/ch(o "0o>ie- ce0-ove& chy!y c -on D6 ( ->e #us$ !yD eOperi#en(y s pr$sneho odde0eni #e(odic-/ch "#ien op 1ne& 1 sov pries(orov
u#ies(nenie " #es(n n/6 ( -(o "$s- n r="ny#i hodno( #i c s% -o#!inov n v/po1(o# v &edno#6 -(or # &% !yD "o!r "en sp=so!o#. Respe-($ve , ,,6 -(or # &% !yD pod2 op 1n 1 sov/ %se-6 ( ->e chy! 1 sov ni ^ p L p -o s%1 sD -on.( n(n' ce0-ov' chy! c prepo&iD6 >e s o!& v$ n T s(versuchen6 -edy - >d/ prv/ do(-ne nor#'0ne& -ruh v po0ohe ,6 po(o# "0yh nie -ruh 6 po(o#6 "#en chy!nho -ruhu ro!$6 - &e &eho ro"p5(ie &e vn$# n/ -o od0i.n/ od !e>nho -ruhu6 vo vrs(ve ,,6 0e - >d/ prv/ do(-ne "0/ -ruh6 po(o# nor#'0ne -ruh6 po(o# s #en$ "0 -ruhy6 - nor#'0ny -ruh6 -(or/ !o0 uveden/ chy!n/ -o#p s nie &e "o!r "$ pod2 (oho. Ten(o #e(odic-/ proces sep r'cie pr$p dov "$s- n/ch (/#(o sp=so!o# so# s s(re(o0 vo svo&o# T s(versuchen v.eo!ecne. A& s Au<en# Aversuchen #oho0 pos(upov D ( - !y6 n #ies(o (oho6 !y "#enu ?iss v"di 0enos(i od nepr vide0nho o-r%h0eho Her!0ic-en6 -o (o v>dy ro!i0i v predch'd" &%cich eOperi#en(och6 " - >d/# pri A& prve& nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i6 s0e1n v"di 0enosD6 n &prv -oncipov n/ n ,, o- 6 (ie(o pr$p dy vy!r 0. A-o op - pries(orove& po0ohy A O, 0e!o K ?, (ed chy! ^ P L !y d vo v"D hu6 #=>u !yD " vedenP v T s(versuchen udr>i v n$ nor#'0ne& -ruh r " vpr vo6 ndere# 0 v 2 ve& ru-e6 0e!o s hornou do0nou 1 s(i ru-y ZF 6 v. -6 "0yh nie -ruh s !erie v>dy v op 1no# s#ereK n #ies(e nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i vpr vo Au<en# Aversuchen do2 v 6 hore do0e pro(i s0e1ne v"di 0enos(iK -(or/ n &prv po#er v hori"on('0ne&6 ver(i-'0ne& v"di 0enosD -one1ne prich'd" do %v hy.
ZF
T -/(o ro"die0ny pr$s(up prich'd" do %v hy6 -eT s ve"#e do %v hy o! -ruhy (ou is(ou ru-ou6 !y po-usy n druhe& s(r ne6 n pr$-0 d. av 0i3i-'(or )h'pe# (o pod K 6 - s(op- nor#'0neho -ruhu #ed"i p 0co# u- "ov'-o# I(o6 1o#u hovor$# horn' 1 sD ru-y n "v DF6 n #isL-ruhu #ed"i "vy.n/#i (ro#i prs( #i vo0 (i0i(y ru-y I(o6 1o#u hovor$# spodn% 1 sD ru-y vo0 nieF s-upinyK s ?, v pr$p de6 >e inver"n/ po#er "'suv-y pre!ieh D.
?o>no6 >e & -eT od0i.n/# pr$s(upo#6 -ruh n T s(versuchen &e s-=r !r D -o "re(e2n/ "e#episnho h2 dis- v/ro!ne& #e(Edy6 -o od0i.n pries(orov po0ohy porovn'v n/ch ve2-os($K Av. -6 (o ne#en$ v # (e# (ic-o# spr cov n$ "'vis0/ch ch/!. Predpo-0 d &#e (er "6 >e #'#e v .(yroch h0 vn/ch pr$p dov6 -(or v"ni- &% -o v n .ich eOperi#en(och6 IO, II O, IA, II A 0e!o I?, ? II, IK, II K .(yri s('0e chy! c 7 6 c G 6 c M 6 c Z -o "v0'.(ne hodno(y ch/! c n'&den/6 s#e - (ie(o chy!y &ednoducho pod2 p 6 P "'vis$ L - (o ( - ne!o0o6 &e s'# " po 0ie1!e viesD L rovnic 6 -o ) pe.GS6 -(or # &% !yD n s( venP
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#=>e s Irespe-($ve prid n$# 0e!o od1$( n$# dvoch (/ch(o rovn$c od se! de0enie GF p P, ur1$ - >d/ " dvoch hodn=( v .(yroch s#eroch6 (o n s0edovneP I7F IGF IMF IZF
Tie(o .(yri sp=so!y s( noveni s nes#ie 0$.iD od se! n v"'&o#6 -o &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e #=>e !yD (0 1en' n nevyv'>en/ch pod#ienen/chK aeT &e s-u(o1ne 0en 3un-cie p, Ppre!ieh 6 eOperi#en(y so v.e(-/#i vrs(v #i Z "os( 0 porovn (e2n'. @o3ern h2 d D T 0.ie pods( (n ro"die0y #ed"i (/#i(o .(yr#i re>i# #i s( novenie sho\6 -(o !uT #us$ predpo-0 d D6 >e dos( (o1n' #ier porovn (e2nos(i s ne-on 06 s-=r nepredv$d (e2n # 0i in% ve2-osD v ur1i(/ch po0oh'ch do ine& #ies(nos(i6 0e!o 1 s pries(or vp0yv ne> v in/ch vrs(v'ch6 0e!o s v/ni#-ou (/ch6 -(or re'0ne vp0yvy6 -(or p 6 P s% "'vis0$6 0e T 0.ie -on 06 -(or po(o# #=>u !yD6 -o ur1iD6 ur1iD. To #o>no 2 h-o preh0i dnuD6 >e prie#er hodn=( I7F IGF s%h0 s$ s prie#ero# hodn=( IMF IZFK ( -6 >e ( #6 -de &e 0en #diu#6 -(or/# s s( novu&e p, P prich'd" s rovnic #i I0F IGF6 o-re# (oho6 >e s dos( ne6 rovn -o -o u rovn$c IMF IZF6 -o & n op -. A-o I)h GSF si v.i#o06 (er " prich'd" v #e(Ede prie#erne& chy!y nie-edy & -on.( n(n/ chy! v " s('v-e6 -(or' vyp0/v " (oho6 >e i! nespr'vne& ve2-os(i6 n -(or od- "u&e#e -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 0e nie nor#'0ne ve2-osD "#eny &e vys( ven/. T'(o chy! 6 -(or' to hor%co6 udr>u&e op 1n% 1 sov% pries(orov% po0ohu ve2-os(i de3e-(u rovn - hodno(y rovn - "n #ien-o. A& -eT so# v>dy "is(i06 >e &e "n 1n ve2-os(i6 0e ( #6 -de ni-(o " p0e(ie s n 0/"ou -on.( n(nou chy!y6 s-%# D v - >do# &edno(0ivo# pr$p de6 1i #' ( -'6 v"h2 do# n (o6 >e rovnic pre -on.( n(n/ chy!y v pos-y(n%D v.eo!ecn/ sp=so! prie#erne& chy!y6 -o &e (en(oP c 7 = p E P ^ s, cM]pLP^s6 To d'v P I7F IGF C G = " p ^ P ^ s: cZ]Lp"P^p
T # "os( n% v (o#(o pr$p de i! dve rovnice pre s( novenie - >de& v2 vo -o#ponen(ov6 -(or #usi pos-y(n%D dos( (o1ne &edno#yse2ne hodno(y pri pri& ($ (oh(o "'vis0osD po#erov !ude s( 1iD6 0e!o ( # !o0 dos( (o1n/ s(upeU porovn (e2nos(i eOperi#en(ov. A- chce(e ro"0i.ov D dve hodno(y p, P, s, -(or/ s "$s- pod2 odse-u I7F IGF6 1o &e #o>n pripr viD "odpoved &%ce indeOy6 -o J 7 6 J G 6 (T od0$.en ich s%1e(6 0is( !yD pou>$v n/ !e" indeOu n svo&ich pros(ried-ov 0e!o " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($. V.eo!ecn' po"n'#- " s0%>i (er "6 >e v pr$p de6 >e hodno(y p 7 6 p G do!re v"'&o#ne dohodn%D6 (o &e (ie> nu(n s hodno( #i P 7 6 P G s 7 , s G 6 &e (o ( -6 -o n op -6 rovn -o -o n'0 d nonLspo0upr'ce "'vis$ dvo& -/ hodno(y v.e(-/ch (roch spo0o1ne v so0id ri(e. Av. -6 v %"-e& spo0upr'ci n'0 dy #en.ie dvo&0=>-ov hodno(y ne#=>e vy> dov D v (o#6 >e ich v"D h &e !0$"-o - &edno(e6 0e >e -o s #ierne 0$.i od NK !y pri -on.( n(ne& chy! p 6 P s &e ve2#i # 0' v porovn n$ s os( (n/#i &eden 0e!o dv in6 &e neur1i(e2n/ch i! 0en do (e& #iery6 -o &e is(6 >e &eho # 0e& ve2-os(i s o!& v$ v=!ec. Hodno(y -on.( n(n/ chy!ov "0o>-y p, P, s, -(or' s "$s- &% " vy..ie uveden/ch rovn$c "os('v &% v=!ec ovp0yvnen nepredv$d n vi c6 #ene& %pr v s vy-on'v pod2 po1(u porovn (e2nosD eOperi#en(ov. V pr$p de chy!y p, P 0e!o s pov h pr$p du nepre&de6 on s oci(ne pre(o6 " d=vodu ( -/ch #i#ori dnych nevyv'>en/6 0e v.eo!ecne nie nu0 pod2 vy..ie uveden/ch rovn$c6 0e ( - # 06 >e s vysunie po#ocou (/ch(o rovn$c n "'-0 de hodno(y pr vdepodo!nos(i vyd'v s 0en n nepredv$d n v/d v-y 6 #usi !yD (0 1en 0e!o pov >ov n " "n 1ne neis(.V/po1e( pr vdepodo!nos(i s% pr vid0' pre presne&.ie pos%denie v (e&(o s%vis0os(i6 n -(or v. - nie &e #o>n (u podro!ne op$s n'. V ne#'0o #o&ich <ropin<s s v0 s(nou p0i-'ciou -ruhu #'# nie0en dvo&i( hodno(y p 6 P, 0e & o to 6 !y ve2-/ d=s0edne s 6 >e nie pochy!ov D o eOis(encii v.e(-/ch (roch ch/! v pod#ien- ch (/ch(o eOperi#en(ov6 0e " in/ch o-o0nos($ &eden 0e!o in' chy! "os( 0 ne& sn/. Vi c o (o# v X?e(Edy #er ni .X Au<en# Aversuche ne!o0i ( - " #es(n n/6 !y -o#p0e(n% n 0/"u -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 0e 0en ( -6 !y pries(orov chy!e n &#5 u-'" 0o neus('0y# chy!y v "'vis0os(i n pries(orove& po0ohy ne"'vis06 -(orho "0o>enie sp=so! "os( 0o ne"n'#e& v/.-e6 s ro"0o>$. V s-u(o1nos(i6 - nie &e -o#p0e(n' n 0/" s('0ych ch/! v %#ys0e6 0e i! &eden 0e!o druh/ " nich -o#ponen(y6 n pr$-0 d v "'vis0os(i n pries(orove& po0ohe P, ur1$ &u ( -6 !y s po-usy n s-res0en pries(orove& po0ohy6 v. -6 n 1 sov nie sp=so! v/ro!y n'-upn/ ve2-os(i prie#eru "os('v rovn -'. Po(o# &eden "$s- i! dv -on.( n(n/ chy!ov c 7 6 c G 6 pre -(or/ s( novu&e rovnice -oP c7]PEC
cG="PEC " 1oho vyp0/v 6
V (o#(o do-u#en(e6 P 6 -(or' &e "'vis0' n pries(orove& po0ohy6 C ne"'vis0e n pries(orove& po0ohy6 pr$p dne -o#po"i(n/ "0o>- -on.( n(n/ chy!u. aeT s% po-usy vy-on'v s "odpoved &%ci#i "#en #i6 #=>u p P s% podro!en s-%.- # " T 0.ieho ro"!oru. T ->e si #=>e(e pre"rieD s upr ven/#i ve2-osDou h0 vy6 1i u> v eOperi#en(och p 0e!o P v -on.( n(ne& #o>no ho ro"de0iD pod2 "'vis0os(i n ve2-os(i h0 vn/ch s%1 s($ &edne& 3un-cii. V T s(versuchsreihe so# #eni0 "nen$ -ruhu "'#erne ( -6 >e so# -edysi nor#'0ny -o#p s v>dy pren s0edu&e "0 -ruhy n noh'ch6 -(or s ndere# 0 v>dy o!r'(en/6 %spech (/ch(o do-u#en(ov s porovn nie6 -de o! & -ruhy v>dy n s(on-y6 -de o! & s% v>dy n -on1 (in'ch6 c V.e(-y (ie(o "#eny # 0i vp0yv n -on.( n(n% chy!u. Vi c .peci'0ne o (o#6 0e #us$# versp ren n X#e(Ed #er ni X. a/# -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 -(or dos( ne#e pri vy-on'v n$ #e(Edy #er ni 6 &e ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i n "o!r "eno# pr$-0 de #=>e !yD pou>i(' pre porovn nie !so0%(nych ci(0ivos(i6 po-i 2 ide o !so0%(ny d=vod &e p0 (n'6 s% (ie(o #e(Edy # &% " n's0edo- s-=r "o!r "enho sp=so!o#6 (/#6 >e ods(r'ni -on.( n(n/ chy!y pre #er nie r="ne ci(0ivos(i6 pre(o>e eOis(u&e "o "#eny po0ohy podne(ov s #os( (ne. Prin'. #e (o(i> !uT hodno(u D do !odu6 >e D ne"'vis0e eOis(u&%ce od -on.( n(n' chy!u 0en v/r "n ro"die0y d &e rovn/6 1o &e #e(Ed pr've "re&# ro"die0y6 0e!o ur1$#e s(redn chy!y #e(Edy prie#erne& chy!y hodno(e -(or' s d &e v pri #o# po#ere6 0e!o v hodno('ch t = (D sp=so! spr'vnych nespr'vnych pr$p doch hodno( 6 -(or' s d s(o&$ vo v"'&o#n/ch v"D hoch6 -de ( -o ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i &e pri #o %#ern' d &e nepri #o %#ern'. Ce po(re!n v"i D do %v hy6 >e d &e v51.ie 0e!o #en.ie "0yh nie v "'vis0os(i n od!ory nepredv$d n/ch6 - nie v/0u1ne " nich "'vis$6 o-re# ide'0ne # Oi#'0ne ro"die0u v ci(0ivos(i6 ( -6 >e6 -o &e op -ov ne pripo#en%D6 >e #er nie s r="nou ci(0ivosDou s% porovn (e2n 0en do (e& #iery6 pre(o>e predpo-0 d &% rovn -/ ro"s h #i#ori dnych ud 0os($.
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A0e vopred dohodn% n -oncepciu v/ro!-u pri& D6 !y nedo.0o - s(r (e se! v ne& sn/ch !s(r -ciou pre ur1i(% indi-'ciu <eo#e(rie.
A- #'#e o!dH>ni- s dH>-ou &edne& s(r ny6 " -(or/ch dve6 os( (n Z &e d0h'6 (ie(o 1$s0 " 0o>en' n -(ore&-o2ve- 0ine'rne& &edno(-y6 neeOis(u&e produ-(6 hoci o!e s(r ny6 pre ( -/ nie &eGF 6 0e 1$s0 6 "n$>enie ich dH>-u s #eri s(upeU o!dH>ni- s oh2 do# n &edno(-u p0ochy6 -(or' &e v s%vis0os(i s 0ine'rnou &edno(-ou.
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AspoU nie pod2 Dohovoru o pr$sne& # (e# (ic-e& pou>i(ie & "y- K & -eT &e (o 0en o('"-ou de3in$cie6 po#enov D produ-( o!och s(r n'ch povrchu pries(oru do (e& #iery6 s%1in 1$se0n hodno(y n o!och s(r n'ch6 rovn -o -o s (o s( ne dosD 1 s(o.
A- #'(e 0en predH>i0o 0e!o s-r'(iD o!dH>ni- s#eru s(r'n-y6 "'roveU u#o>Uu&e druh% -on.( n(u6 ( ->e po-0es proporcion'0ne "#enu ve2-os(i ce0ho o!dH>ni- 6 s -(orou s(r n 6 -u -(ore& "#en n s( 0 6 spo0u6 pre(o>e v s-u(o1nos(i s >i dny #=>e pr cov D %p0ne &ednoduch 0in-y6 (o &e (o6 1o hovor$6 >e 0ine'rny ide'0nych pod#ieno-6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i i! o!dH>ni-y (T u-'" D -o vo&ne s -on.( n(nou hr%!-ou. Ter " s sp/( &(e s #i se! 6 1i poci( dv r="ne "#ys0y -v n(i3i-ov (e2n s(r'no0e!o ro"#ery #o>no prip$s D6 po(o#6 1o " -(or/ch - >d' &e schopn' ne"'vis0e n druhe& s(r ne "v/.enie "n$>enie6 po -(oro# v.e(ci s #eri (/- ro"#eru ho#o0o<ic- &edno(-y #=>e !yD6 1i v/s0edo- poci(6 -(or d'v &% o!e s(r ny v ro-ov n$6 rovn -o ( - #=>e n'&sD svo&e op (reni v produ-(och #e(r$-6 n &#5 p (r$ do o!och s(r'n6 -o o!dH>ni- produ-(ov nu#eric-/ch hodn=( &eho s(r n'ch. V prospech (oh(o poh2 du &e n &#5 si0 v/.- (Enu ;d' s 6 >e preds( vu&% rovn - -o s(r'n-y. A & s n &prv uviesD6 - #=>u !yD up0 (nen v (o#(o "#ys0e. O! & si0u -o #no>s(vo pod0ieh &%ce rovn -o# ro"s hu n .o# -on-r(no# #er n$ v"orc . Ter "6 v. -6 &e -v 0i( ($vny ro"die0 hr%!-y v/.-y po(re!ne& - >d/ od- "ov D n &edno(-u svo&ho druhu6 (o preds( vu&e ro"die0 od <eo#e(ric-/ch produ-(y6 - &e rovn -/ 0ine'rny &edno(- &e pre o!e s(r ny n v"'&o# -o0# "'-0 d. A0e nie pre r="ne -v 0i(y6 0e s%visi ce !s(r -(n 1$se0ne& hodno(y #usi !yD n'so!$ s #i "d'6 &e o-o0o #ene& "'s dnou pre-'>-ou -o &eden " s(%pen r="ne& -v 0i(y si0y v/.-y "vu-u od0i.n/ s#er po s(r n'ch o!dH>ni- #=>e(e dr> D. aeT &e &edno(- r " vy!r n/ n'hodne pre o!e s(r ny poci(6 ( - spoU ni1 !r'niD s%visi ce #e(ri-y rovn -o vyn'so!$ n v"'&o#6 porovn D r="ne produ-(y "$s- n (/#(o sp=so!o# s n v"'&o#6 -o v pr$p de6 >e 1$se0n hodno(y dvoch pr vouh0/ n !o-och n'so!$. Pods( (n6 h0 vnou o('"-ou &e6 1i s o!e s(r ny n o" & d D ( -/ "dr v/ ro"u# " n's0edo-6 >e s(upeU s%1inu op (ren$ s(r'n- ch nie1o "n #en' "odpoved' s%visi cich s-u(o1nosDou. A- &e (o v'. pr$p d6 #=>e(e >i dne # (e# (ic- pro!0#y -on D vi c. V s-u(o1nos(i6 pre ne *ie-(or s "d &% !yD ci(ov n/. Ce is(6 >e ce0-ov/ do&e# " vyso-ho (Enu s "v51.$ &eho si0u6 ce0-ov/ do&e#
si0nho (Enu s "vy.u&e do ur1i(e& #iery &eho v/.-y. ;vu- &e ( -6 !y (o ( - poved D dr s(ic-6 (/# vy..i &e MF . Ani o-o0nosD &e po(re!n podo(-n%D6 >e &e ve2#i D >- s%diD rovnos(i si0y r="nych (Enov n r="nych %rovni ch pod2 ro"sud-u #ed"i ro"s h ce0-ovho do&#u 1is( #er nie pevnos(i ;d' s 6 -o0$s D.
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Tu6 spo#$n # si o!1 s po-%. o Despre" IPo<<. Ann. +:V. ZZRF6 -(or u-'>u6 -o si0n/ do-onc nepr$&e#n do&e# #=>e # D & n &vy..iu spev "nie ve2#i -r'(-e 0 di1-y p'-y.
T ->e n o" & nie1o #er (e2n/ s o!& v$ v ce0-ovo# do&#e (Eno#6 !yD pr$(o#n/6 &eho %roveU &e d n' in(er -ciou o!och s(r n'ch6 hr%!-y v/.-y. De3ini($vne ro"0$.enie s (er " ur1$ 3o0<ends v>dy ve2-osD ods denie6 pre(o>e "'vis$ i! n #p0i(%de -#i(ov -o pevnosD6 ve2-osD rovn -'6 " predpo-0 du6 >e "'0e>$ 0en n o!do!ie -#i( nie 0e!o po1e( cy-0ov6 -o v/.- 6 ve2-os(i do&e#6 0e - &e (o " (o -o v rovn -o# 1 se v "'vis0os(i6 n pr in(en"i( 0e!o ve2-os(i ce0-ovho do&#u. * s( viD ni>.ie6 ro"s h vn$# ne& "vu-ove& in(en"i(e h0 diny -us(ic-ho s ( o se!e &e Respe-($ve
-de &e "'vis0' n #p0i(%de 3y"ic-e& in(en"i(y "vu-u6 n po1e( osci0'ciou6 o!do!ie -#i( nie6 b 6 n 7 6 7 s (/# spo&en pr hov hodno(y6 k, k ! "n 1$ -on.( n(y !yD6 rovn -o ( - & #ier in(en"i(y 0e!o ce0-ove& ods denie po predch'd" &%ce& "o!r "enie
0e!o6 - !y s#e n s( viD pr hov hodno(y 7 s( ] KK ! 0o< 0o< n -(or/ (er#$n po(o# !y s(e #oho0 (ie> po-ryD 3 r!y o!do!ne. A- s po"rie#e n 3y"ic-e& si0e sve(0 0e!o "vu- druhou #ocninou #p0i(%dy6 #er n -(or hor%ci6 s G pre #=>u !yD su!s(i(uov n v predch'd" &%cich rovn$c6 6 pre(o>e 0o< G ] G 0o< a 6 predch'd" &%ce v/r " "0%1iD do G kk [0o< a 0o< n 6 0e!o6 -o s#e (ie> G kk Xpri&$# # v/!ero# de#<e#5Aer &edno(ie- s rovn' 76 2 h.ie s prih0'siD na 0o< n . Av. - si #ys0$#6 >e predch'd" &%ce poh2 d &e ne"'v5"n/6 0e nie &e presved1iv6 po(o#6 1o 1os-oro !ude dis-u(ov D d=vody -o op (renie psycho0o<ic- ce0-ovho
do&#u 0e!o in(en"i(y &ednoduchho (Enu n #ies(o 3or# G kk " 0o<
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3or#u0're k pro(o-o0 pre presved1iv/6 -eT pod O 6 -(or' pod2 #p0i(%dy 1$s0 0e!o -#i( nie o!do!$ s%1 sne "'vis0 -ine(ic-% ener<iu -#i(ov * 6 -(or/ch pr hu s ro"u#ie. U 3 rie! > po .peci'0ne %v h (vrdiD6 >e so# s dos( D do0e. Ter "6 O s% pov >ov n " #er n' n n'#es($ produ-(u / -vocien(u 0e!o 6"
(/#(o %1e0o# pr hov hodno(y 9 7 n 7 s%K po -(oro# v/r " pre op (reni psycho0o<ic- ce0-ove& pevnos(i do&#u6 -(or/ s vyr'! &ednoduch/# (Eno# !ude
0e!o v/!er " (/ch(o &edno(ie-6 1$# s "$s- G K 6 9 7 , n 7 , 7 &e 7 r prih0'siD k ] 0o< a ^ 0o< n 0e!o . T ->e ( # !y !o0 v/ro!o- "$s- n/ pred(/# " 0o< ri(#ov hodn=( , n, 0o< ri(#us s%1inu (/ch(o hodn=(6 0e!o (o6 1o &e rovn -6 s%1e( 0o< ri(#ov (/ch(o hodn=( s vys-y(u&% -o op (renie psycho0o<ic- ce0-ov/ do&e#. Gr i0 v &eho in - odh dnu(e2n po&edn nie o re 0i"'cii "0o>en/ch 3 rie! v " s d ce& spr'v ch viedens-e& - d#ie v ro-u 78RZ. :,,. S. S8M :,,,. GN7 &e >ivou si0 vi!r'ci$ sve(0 6 -(or s% odvoden poci( e3e-(6 podie0 &ednoduchho -#i( nie o!do!i druhe& #ocnine #p0i(%dy6 0e!o6 1o &e (o is(6 v/ro!-y " &edinho 1$s0 vi!r'ci$ vo .(vorci #p0i(%dy6 (& hodn=( naG n %#ern 6 " (i 2 1o v &eho See!ec- po&edn nie o po#ere "vu-u IPo<<end. Ann. +:,,. 8SG +:V,,,. ZQ7F6 rovn -o -o s (u ro!$6 -ine(ic-' enerno See!ec-Vv Tie(o "vu-ov vi!r'cie pochopiD >i dny ro"die0 v pr$s0u.n/ch spe-(och.
aine(ic-' ener<i vi!r'ci$ &e I:,, s 8NRF6 " Gr i0 se( presved1ivo
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p$.D 0u ce" rev vHn "vu- ve(r preni-'6 -o S v r( po#ocou 0%1ov ,rene u-'" 0 6 >e hr nic vidi(e2nos(i (Enov n hH!-u do0e si0ou (Enov #=>e !yD predH>en'. X Tie> n s0edu&%ce o-o0nosD &e -o#p (i!i0n/ nie &e s 3or#ou prih0'senie sa 0o< n 6 " (i 2 1o on vo 3or#e pro(o-o0u 9 ^ 0o< n (o pre&de do!re. CeL0i poci( hr%!-y 0e!o v/.-y !e" oh2 du n s #o(no# druho# prv-u &e verL m L poh'U n/6 ( ->e si #=>e(e uro!iD po - >do# s( ve !y m 0o< 9 0e!o m 0o< n preds( vu&%. Ter " s vys-y(u&e v produ-(och 0o< n 0o< a 3 -(or 0o< n 6 0e!o s prih0'siD n #ies(e m 6 po(o# !y s d 0o o1 -'v D6 - s 0$.i6 >e po"os('v # (e# (ic-% " n's0edo-6 >e s pre(o poci( si0y v po#ere 0o< n v/.-y v po#ery 0o< e r s(%c 6 ( ->e v"'&o#n/ "v/.enie pevnos(i v/.-y s vys-y(u&%ce6 (& &eden so "v/.enou v/.-ou (Enu s%1 sne "v/.en/ do&e# si0y6 so "v/.enou pevnosDou do&#o# "v/.ene& v/.-y dos( D6 0e (o nie &e (en(o pr$p d. Vo 3or#e pro(o-o0u a E 0o< n 6 ned=&de (en(o pro!0#. Av. -6 3or# pro(o-o0u &e pre sp0nenie D >-os(i6 >e -eT ide(e s preh0!ov n$# "vu-u pre-ro1$ ur1i(% hr nicu6 !e" "osi0neni "vu-u vi c &e dos( 1u&%c 6 !y !o0o po1uD6 rovn -o -o pr$0i. vyso- (Eny u> nie s% po1uD6 " (i 2 1o 0e po prih0'sen$ (v ru o --o2ve- "n$>enie n o "v/.enie &e -o#pen"ov n6 do&e# "vu-u s r s(%cou v/.-ou s "vy.u&e n neur1i(o. To &e is(e -o odch/0- od p0 (nos(i v"orc prih0'siD sa vidieD do0n% horn% hr nicu po1u(e2nos(i (Enov6 -o #'#e in -6 0e s% pou>i( n n'&denie do0n' horn' hr nic p0 (nos(i n .ich "'-0 dn/ch v"orcov6 -(or o!#ed"u&e6 0e vor usse("0ich eOis(u&% i! pre von- &.ie6 nie vn%(orn psychophysics6 0e!o n von- &.ie podne(y6 -o &edin/ v ur1i(/ch #ed"i ch6 v -(or/ch dr>$ n !e>n pou>$v nie ro"u#u6 vyvo0 D proporcion'0ne pohy!y psychophysisc!e6 -u -(or#u "'-0 dn v"orce s% v0 s(ne spo&en6 ( - & v r'#ci (/ch(o 0i#i(ov #=>u preds( vov D. V s-u(o1nos(i6 s0uch p r'( 10ove- nie &e v spore i! upr ven/ pre pr$&e# vi!r'cie ur1i(/ch #ed"i ch #no>s(vo <enerov D > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$ pevnos(i6 nepo1u(e2nosD s('0e ( - si0n h0!o- vyso- (Eny s neopier T 0e&6 >e 0en ve2#i po# 0y 0e!o r/ch0o psycho#o(oric- osci0'cie s% po1uD & pri n &v51.e& ve2-os(i6 0e >e oni nepri.0i do #u> v po> dov ne& pevnos(i s po(o#6 -eT s von- &.ie vi!r'cie s% u> ( #. Do-onc & !u!ien- s pripo&en/#i 1 sD #i #=>e prispieD - ve2-e& v/.-y6 ni hH!- 6 s0u>!y "0yh &% ZF K 'no !yD v ur1i(e& pros(ried-y @o00 s(on & u#e0o h0uch/ n$"-e& (Eny RF . *ie &e (ie> pr vdepodo!n6 >e -2%1e nervov6 -(or s% udre0 (Eny6 0e!o pr$d vn/ch " ri den$6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(orho s "d &% !yD " si hnu(/ nie-o2-/ch ned'vnych .(%di$6 s% 0en do ur1i(e& %rovne. V s-u(o1nos(i6 #noho d=vodov6 pre1o s%6 -o so# dis-u(ov D v - pi(o0e MM6 podro!ne&.ie o (o#6 >e ppercep(ion (Enov r="nych ihris-u s% r="ne nervov v0'-n .
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)e" h0!o-/ s0 ! si0n vyso-/# (Eno# #=>e # D ? A usdruc- rovn -e& ve2-os(i6 0e -v 0i( ($vne do&e# 0e!o ch r -(er &e ( - od0i.n' v "'vis0os(i od "0o>eni (e&(o ? A usdruc-es. * prv/ poh2 d "d' po#erne v'>ny6 d=s(o&n/6 D >-'6 .iro-'6 druh/ u-'" 06 (en-/6 preni- v/. Presved1ivosD denn$- 3or#u0'r na Predpo-0 d' s 6 pr h si0y "vu-u &e 0en ( -
-on.( n(n/6 pre(o>e v/.- &e -on.( n(n'6 pr hov' hodno( v/.-y 0en v ro"s hu6 v -(oro# si0 &e -on.( n(n'6 (o &e6 v.eo!ecne poved n6 pr h Fre-venci vi!r'ci$6 -(or/ &e "'vis0/ n v/.-e6 v o!r'(eno# po#ere #p0i(%dy -#i( ni 6 n op -6 pr hov' hodno( #p0i(%dy osci0'ci$ v o!r'(eno# po#ere po1(u vi!r'ci$6 pri #o n o!do!ie -#i( ni . Pr vdepodo!ne vyro!en/ s oh2 do# n #ed"i ch po1u(e2nos(i "vu-ov ve2- ro"die0y #ed"i r="ny#i !y(osD #i I -o @o00 s(on vy-on 0 .peci'0nyF6 - >d/ (vor &e pos-y(ov n' v "'vis0os(i n &eho >ivo(n/ .(/0 s " hn D or<'nov nervov -2%1e pre ur1i( v51.ie 1i #en.ie6 v51.ie 1i #en.ie 1 s(i Tons- 0e -o6 0e !ude#e v>dy predpo-0 d D6 >e r/ch0e&.$ -#i(y #en.ie #p0i(%dy p (ri - se!e. A- &e (o6 1o p0 ($ pre "vu-ov vi!r'cie6 &e #o>n p0i-ov D n v.e(-y vi!r'cie6 -(or s% "'vis0 poci(y "ov.eo!ecniD # 0i6 ( - #us$#e do is(e& #iery u> v o-u uchu dve ( -(o r="nych (vorov6 -o vi!r'cie sve(0 s o!rovs-/ # 0osD ohro#ne r/ch0o6 "vu-ov vi!r'cie v ove2 v51.e& po# 0osD s% ove2 v51.ie6 v (o#6 >e #=>e !yD pov >ov n " pr vdepodo!n6 >e po#er von- &.$ch vi!r'ci$ s% pre0o>en do in(eriru. S #o"re&#e6 -on'h0e s !ude dis-u(ov D6 0o< 3or#u0'r k vidieD 3 r!y6 -(or nie s% pri #o up0 (ni(e2n6 - chce#e #er D "'vis0osD poci( " von- &.ieho 3 re!nho podne(u po Uo#K 0e rovn -o ( - &e #o>nosD e.(e nie &e vy0%1en6 >e - s(o&$ -one1n% n 0/"u vn%(orn/ch vi!r 1n/ch pohy!ov6 -(or s% pred#e(o# vn$# ni sve(0 s ponu- #i6 3or# #er nie prih0'siD na !y !yD re0ev n(n & (u. Ce #o>n uv >ov D o sys(#e6 v -(oro# pohy!y ( - d0h% do!u -o pohy! ;e#e o-o0o S0n- 6 0e s('0e spros(red-ov n vn$# nie & vovK - s%1 sne #p0i(%d !y s "odpoved &%ci# sp=so!o# ve2-K (ie> ne#=>e#e vedieD6 1i &e sve( s'# nie &e ( -/ sys(#. +en !y !o0o "!y(o1n6 !y & n T 0e& usi0ov D o ( - #o>nos(i (u. Predch'd" &%ci "hrnu( pr$sne "'-0 do# pro(o-o0u 3or#u0'r "'vis$ na ? A usdruc- -o n in(en"i(e poci(u "vu-u pr$p dn prevodi(e2nos(i (oh(o 3or#u0'r n in poci(y n dvoch pod#ieno-P 7F6 >e @e!erVv "'-on pre si0u v/.-u &e pr vd 6 n &#5 pre(o6 s n o" & n .ie0 v (Enoch ( ->eK ne&6 0o< ri(#ic- 3or# ? A usdruc-es &eho od!%r (e2nosD "'vis$ n dvoch ne"'vis0/ch 10enovK GF6 >e in(en"i( Toneindruc-es rovn - pre rovn -% >ivo(n% si0y G n G 6 (ed rovn - osci0'cie produ-( k po!y(u6 1$# s "n$>i po1u(e2nosD "n$>enie #p0i(%dy "odpoved &%ci# "v/.en$# r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$ "vr'(iD "n$>enie po1u(e2nos(i pri "n$>ene& r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$ "odpoved &%ci# "v/.en$# #p0i(%d #=>e !yD -o#pen"ov n/ " (o6 1o #=>e(e vidieD n (Eny do (e& #iery6 -o &e po(vrden (ie>6 -o #=>e(e po v.eo!ecne& "0yh n$ s-%senos(i -o ( - Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 !o0i veden $sD. ?ed"i(/#6 druh/ &e dos( 1u&%c s #o"re&#e presn s-%.o!ne& do!e e.(e nie &e von-u6 v (o#(o oh2 de &e d=0e>i( n s0edu&%ce po"n'#- . O! & p0 (nosD @e!erov pr'v pre si0u v/.-u6 n &#56 -o co#pens !i0i(y .-ro!u pod2 v/.-y n op - vo v"D hu - po1u(e2nosD "vu-u v.eo!ecne6 - (o &e > do(er " preu-'" n v.eo!ecn neur1i( s-%senos(i6 !y !o0o rovn -o pohod0n s 3or# #i ? A usdruc-es 3or#u0'r pro(o-o0u o G 0o< 0e!o s G n 6 -o 3or# pro(o-o0u k (o0erov D. T -6 !y s ro"hodo06 n "'-0 de s-%senos($6 (o #ed"i (/#i(o r="ny#i 3or# #i6 0o< 3or# na 0en pre(o6 >e &eho v51.e& &ednoduchos(i 2 h.ie v"D h ve2-os(i poci( - ve2-os(i >ive& si0y6 &e
pr vdepodo!n6 >e !ude v/hodn pred!e>ne& pov hy6 ( - d0ho6 -o pri #e ro"hodnu(ie - dispo"$cii. T -(o ro"hodnu(ie !y #oh0o "$s- D eOperi#en(u6 pre -(or%6 -o u-'>e# T 0e&6 nech/! &% >i dne n'"ory6 0e !o0o !y n n &v/. d=0e>i(. ; dis-usie o !ud%cnos(i IMG.F - pi(o0y s-u(o1ne "d=r "niD6 >e pro(o-o0 3or# na &e nu(n' v pr$p de6 >e in(en"i( poci(u ve2-os(i v r/ch0os(i6 (v re pro(o-o0u na G 6 0e - &e ve2-osD "#eny v r/ch0os(i Ir/ch0osD druhho r'duF6 -(or s -on &% v prie!ehu -#i( ni K v "'vis0os(i n "#ys0e #er nie v.eo!ecnho v"orc 6 -(or/ &e ve2#i "'s dnou o('"-ou pre psycho3y"i-y6 !y #oh0o !yD ro"hodnu(6 (/#(o sp=so!o#. A !e" oh2 du A& s predch'd" &%ci# neeOis(enciu ( -ho(o ro"hodnu(i v podo!e prih0'senie na 1o r d.e& &ednoduch.ie !ude pre3erov D !0$"-e& !ud%cnos(i6 & si (o e.(e ce0-o# "is(iD6 1i ('(o v/hod s u-'>e 9F . Ro"die0 #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# 3or# #i nie &e6 #i#ochodo#6 (o -o v v.eo!ecn "'very6 -o po#ery ro"#erov/ch hodn=( pevnos(i v/.-y6 n -(or s vi >u s 6 (vrdi0.
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EOperi#en(6 -(or/ #=>e# -o & "du n ro"hodnu(ie # &%6 n #ys0i (o(oP Predpo-0 d' s 6 >e ne#' rovn -/ -0 divo v>dy " rovn -e& v/.-e n rovn -e& hori"on('0ne& reD "ec6 0e v r="no# n p5($ uvedenho6 -0es'6 0e!o !iD rovn - -yv d0o v>dy pries-u#u rovn -e& E0on< (ions\in-e0 v porovn n$ s rovn -/#6 0e od0i.n n pnu(o# ver(i-'0ny reD "ec6 po(o# reD "ec &e v>dy rovn -/ 0ivin< pohy!u&%ce s si0 6 0e vi c &e n pnu(/6 vi c po-0es6 n "v/.enie6 &e di ho&d 1- v s('0e #en.e& #p0i(%de6 " (i 2 1o v rovn -e& do!e s('0e vi c ro"s(upo#6 produ-( G n G , (ed & na "os( n% rovn - . Ter " P0 ($ ? A usdruc- prih0'siD na 6 ( ->e "vu- v>dy v rovn -e& v/.-e p'du " 1ne !yD po1uD pres( U s spr'v D6 -o !y s(e !5ndere n p5(ie reD "c K 0e!o6 Is o!r'(en$# eOperi#en(u s o!o# F n &#e eOperi#en( s dvo# podo!n/#i6 0e r="nych vyp5(/ch reD "cov dvoch spo&en/ch podo!ne pos( ven/ch -0 div 0e!o doch'd" nie rovn -/ po-0es v/.-y6 1o !y nepochy!ne u2 h1i0o porovn nie6 "vu- (o -o v rovn -e& v"di 0enos(i od pos0uch'1 spus(enie " s( venie s% vidi(e2n. CeL0i v. -6 0o< 3or# na G v/s(i>ne6 po1u(e2nos(i6 &e "v/.enie o n n'r s( o vi c ne> ro".$renie A- &e 3or# pro(o-o0u o G n s%6 0e (o6 1o s predpo-0 d'6 >e neeOis(u&e >i dny (eore(ic-/ d=vod6 n op - !y s . V (e&(o chv$0i nie so# schopn/ vy-on D (o(o vy.e(renie dos( (o1ne presn6 s nevyhnu(n/#i "#en #i6 -(or #=>u !yD !yD so# #o>no v !ud%cnos(iK - nie (er "6 -o so# si druh/ &e rovn -/ pri& (/. Ce nepochy!n6 !y vi c #o>no o1 -'v D od
neho6 -e!y (o ne!o0o o-o0nosD6 -(or' #us$ # D vp0yv n &eho ve2#i ro"hodu&%ce si0u. Ce& v/s0ed-o# !y !o0o &ednoduch &edno"n 1n6 -edy vypo1u(ie " ri den$ - >d/ n #i-ro3o(o<r 3ie rovn - sve(0o6 (ed #p0i(%du von- &.$ch vi!r'ci$ s #p0i(%d %#ern' vn%(orne& -ore.pondencie6 0e po(o#6 1o s-u(o1nos(i o"n'#en6 (o(o nie &e pr$p dK vi c n s !0$>i - hr nici po1u(e2nos(i6 &e po(re!n vi c n -on.( n(n/ch hodn=( pre "ni>u&% po1u(e2nos(i6 (o & v pr$p de6 >e pro(o-o0 3or#u0'r na !y # 0 !yD spr'vn v"h2 do# n vn%(orn pohy!y s-%# D6 1o &e h0 vn/# "'u&#o#. To "os( ne o('"- 6 do -e& #iery nie-(or "is(en ro"die0y v po1u(e2nosD r="nych vyso- (Eny s rovn -ou -ine(ic-ou ener<iou6 s-=r "'vis$ n rovnos(i >ive& si0y von- &.$ch -#i(ov pos-y(ne n vn%(orne&6 0e!o " (oho6 >e vo vn%(ri rovn - >i&%ci si0ou r="ne n po1%v D nie rovn -' in(en"i( poci(u. ?ed"i(/# #=>e !yD pr$p dne -o#!in'ciou v/s0ed-ov po-usov 7F pro(i spodne&6 GF n horne& hr nici po1u(e2nos(i6 MF Vy(i hni(e upros(red #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# &e "'v5"n u" (vorenieK n &#5 nie &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e ( -/(o Acco##od (ions35hi<-ei( n p5(ie !u!ien- s -on'6 >e vn$# nie r="nych vyso-/ch (Enov v r'#ci ur1i(/ch 0i#i(ov6 rovn - #ies(o 2 h-o. CeL0i v. -6 pre(o>e neodde0i(e2n/ch -o#p0i-'cie pod#ieno- nepos-y(u&% dos( (o1ne ro"hodu&%ci v/s0edo- Pred#e( vn%(orn/ch psychophysics n'de&n6 h0 vn' o('"- 6 !y !o0o vhodn spoU6 >e s#e n .0i &eho -o#po"i(n/ v/s0edo- pre von- &.ie psycho3y"i-y. ? < po v.e(-o# pro(o-o0u ? A usdruc- na 0e!o s prih0'siD na G u-'>e !yD v/s(i>n/6 pre(o>e (o #=>e !yD6 0e n "'-0 de dos(upn/ch %d &ov o s-%senos(i ch i! pre %"e#ie "vu-ov6 ne!er(e 3 r!y n do-on1enie. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 pre 3 r!y &e v s%0 de s po"n'#-ou u> Th ,S 7SR vyro!en/ "'-on @e!erVv ne.peci3i-u&e6 -o n ihris-u6 ( - & prv' pod#ien- pro(o-o0u 3or#u0'r na 0e!o s prih0'siD na G (u nep0 ($K &e 3 -(6 >e druh/ nie. To6 -eT so# o#y0o# nie6 prv/ Pur-yUov/ch 7NF si v.i#o0 Dove 77F v por d$ ne"'vis0e o!& vi0 s0edu&e presne6 o Gr i0 7GF uviedo06 o!1 s6 He0#ho0(" sF n &vi c os(ro de3inov n 3or#u0ov D s-u(o1nosD6 pod2 (oho v (\i0i<h( d0h.i ne> Red ro"po"n D #odr'6 -(or' ro!$ si0ne&.$ do&e# n deU6 &e vys0ovov n druh/ v n s0edu&%ce& ve(e6 0e!o "'-ony. XDve 3 re!n sve(e0n 1i s(-y6 -(or s o!& vu&% rovn -o & sn v ur1i(o# !so0%(nu in(en"i(u sve(0 6 0e v.eo!ecne nevie#6 1i sve(e0n h0 diny s% !uT "dvo&n'so!iD 0e!o "n$>iD n po0ovicu. aon-r(ne6 #ene& -reh-/ " dvoch 3 rie! v prvo# pr$p de6 v #inu0os(i !rech! rere 2 h.$ !yD. X
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">mienka o Do&e ob a&i* a& by mo(o* by+ " po&eda* Ie*m(o*t/ ". Jo-as mo e pok,sy o (omoDnne farby po/oro&a+ &e)mi dobr' som ma* d&e farebn s&ete*n mno.st&o pod)a stUpca obra/o&ky prenikn7+ & takom mno.st&e, .e (odi* ro&nak tma& tiene, a prinieso* med/i (e*iostats a pr& ro/de*enie edno a*ebo &iac &rst&a tenk bie*e *2tky, ktor2 si /ac(o&2&a -as+ s*ne-n(o s&et*a be/ /meny pomer, e(o ednot*i&'c( /*o.iek. Jotom tie= mene refranDib*e farby sa ob a&i* tma&8ie ako na &iac refranDib*e. Mimoc(odom, ro/die*y bo*i &e)mi n0/ka, tak d*(o, ako som obe farby od mene refranDib*e po*o&ici spektra, -er&ene na /e*en7 modr7, tr&a*o o&e)a &'ra/ne 8ie med/i t'mi &iac refranDib*e po*o&ic,, a na &iac, ak 1io*et bo*a spo en2 s edn'm / mene refranDib*e farby. " *e# 0o !y !yD ('(o s-u(o1nosD6 -o &e do!re6 " chov D rovn -/ n'ro- s (/#6 >e v51.$ po1e( cy-0ov #=>e -o#pen"ov D #en.ie #p0i(%dou pre vn$# vos(iK pre6 " (i 2 1o druh/6 v (Enoch dos( (o1ne uveden6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 0o< 3or# na 0e!o s prih0'siD na G (o pre&de &e po> dov n v ro"pore s-u(o1nosD6 o!si hnu( v He0#ho0(" ve(y6 -(or &e uveden > do(er " 0en vo 3 r!e6 nie v od(ieUoch6 &e ('(o 3or# -o - >d' 3or# 6 -(or' rovn' vidi(e2nosD n rovn -% >ivo(n% si0y 0e!o podo!y v/ro!-u6 -o & h 0e!o nieko)k'c( h n v5"ie!. +e!o - v dvoch (Enov 3 rie! G n G ] X G n [ G 6 pre(o sa ] !a!n s 6 >e &e (ie> G k = G n #us$ "os( DK ni 0o< ri(#ic- ni -(or 3un-cie & h n h 0e!o na ? A usdruc- -o n in(en"i(e poci(u !yD v s%0 de s He0#ho0(" ve( . V s%0 de s 3un-ci #i & h 0e!o s h n T ->e - ?odr' prev >u&e 1erven' " s%#r -u6 ( ->e (o !y e.(e prev'>i pod2 ( -e& 3or#e ? A usdruc-es pri # Oi#'0no# & se rovn -/ deUK v"h2 do# - (o#u6 s-%senos(i Dove[schen He0#ho0("ov ve( "n #en D op -. A- !ude#e s-%# D6 1i o 3or#u prih0'siD 0o< n !y !o0o vhodne&.ie odov"d D He0#ho0("ov ve(u -o d=s0edo-6 (o &e & sn6 >e !y r d.e& & "diD (o e.(e hor.ieK !y6 v pr$p de6 v dvoch rovn -e& ve2-os(i in(en"i(y prih0'siD sa 0o< n prih0's(e s na " 0o< n [ #p0i(%dy 9 Xs "v/.i v rovn -o# po#ere6 (o nie0en #=>e "os( D !e" rovnos(i in(en"$(6 0e He0#ho0(" "'-ony pri #o pro(i 3 r! s v51.ou r/ch0osDou6 #us$ pr$sD s n dv'hou. V s-u(o1nos(i6 $sD in(en"i(y prih0'siD sa 0o< n prih0's(e s na " 0o< n ! vyn'so!en$# hodno(y 9 " s rovn -e& hodno(y m do prih0'siD ma 0o< n prih0's(e s ma ! 0o< n X = I0o< m ^ 0o< F 0o< n I0o< m ^ 0o< " F 0o< n pod2 -(orho hodno( 0o< a 0o< n 0o< m 0o< n 6 hodno( 0o< a X0o< n 0o< m 0o< n [6 pre(o s('0e vi c s "d' hodno( s v51.$# po1(o# vi!r'ci$ o vi c ne> os( (n$. T ->e #=>e(e vidieD spo0o1n% p=du s -on 0 v !e>no# s-u(o1nos(i6 3 rie! (Enov6 -(or #en.i 3re-venci vy> du&% v51.iu #p0i(%du !yD "n (e2n/6 0e nes#ie " #ieU D s -o#uni(ou "'-on He0#ho0(" pre o! 6 -(or' nie &e n s( ven' ( -6 !y 7MF 6 #ys0$#6 >e nie &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e "'-on He0#ho0(" v 3 r!'ch s #noh/#i T 0.$#i v ri'ci #i6 -(or pon%- &% "vu-y6 -(or s po#ery 3 rie! (o6 1o !ude# d D dohro# dy (o n &#5 v - pi(o0e MM6 vo v"D hu6 (ed i! pre n'(erov h#o(y6 s nev"D hu&e n (Eny6 v -(or/ch v"D h s #o"re&#e pri #e po-usy !o0i v s%vis0os(i s
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Po(o#6 dv ve2#i d=0e>i( o('"-y "os('v &%. ; prv. U-'" 0o s 6 1i s(o1ne & nie-(or6 1i s(o1ne -o pr vdepodo!n6 >e 3 re!n poci(y nie s% "'vis0 rovn -/# sp=so!o# po1(o# vi!r'ci$6 -o poci(y (Enu6 in - !y #use0 !yD rovn -/# sp=so!o# - (o#u6 !y po(vrdi0 pr'vo n @e!er . Bo #=>e !yD pr$1inou ro"die0u &e po6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i v=!ec ne"'vis$b * (%(o o('"-u so# $sD !0i>.ie &eden v - pi(o0e MM6 -(or'6 - nie &e !so0%(ne is(o(yK 0e #noho " prev0'd &%ce#u pr vdepodo!nos(i n (%(o (#u !ude poved n. ; druh. V s%0 de s predch'd" &%ci#i .(%di #i n pevnosD ro"s(upo# (Enov ITh. ,. - p. 9F do&e#6 "'vis$ &edn - n "'-0 de rovn -/ch "'-onov6 T 0e& !y s #oh0o "d D si0u #p0i(%dy6 " v/.-y po1e( -#i(ov6 >e v.e(-y pod#ien-y !ude #usieD vyrovn D - poci(u si0y v/.-y. A0e (o nie &e. Ro"s h v/.o- nesie prirod"en% #ieru poci(u s # o se!e6 -(or/ nepren'. #ier- si0n s #o o se!e6 n ro"die0 od do&#u pro<resie v s(%p n$ v ro"s hu v/.o-6 #'#e do&e#6 periodici(y6 pri-0 d'#e -(u 0i"'ciu nie &e ro"s h si0y. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 s - >d/# po-ro-o# o &ednu o-('vu v prvo# ro"s hu6 poci( "'roveU n'# hovor$6 >e po-ro1i0 do "'p su vr'(i0 s v is(o# "#ys0e n s-or.ie "o!r "enie6 -(or' s v o- #ihu6 -eT s ni1 n 0o<ic-/ pos(up v #ier-e si0n/ch. S poci(#i n o-('vu s #o"re&#e "'0e>$ n "#ys0e 1i s(-ov/ch ro"de0en$ o-('vy spo0u. Ro"s h si0n/ch &e "#yse0 %p0ne ne-one1n/6 " -(or/ch >i dne nie s% v=!ec -one1n po#er 1 s($6 " (i 2 1o vy#ed"en' v ro"s hu v/.o- -one1n/ in(erv 0 o-('vy6 1o (ie> u#o>Uu&e -one1n/ po#er 1 s($. PoT#e si preds( viD o!e s(upnice s% s(Hpce ro".iru&% do ne-one1n . A0e nohy " v/.-y n s(Hpe s% od se! odde0en po(o# s#e po(o# 2 h-o oceniD d U co0n. * pi0ier si0y6 ni1 s de0i 6 pre(o #us$#e ur1iD >i den "'-0 d6 pododde0eni odh do#.
Pre1o (en(o ro"die0 #ed"i sen"'ci ro"s hu si0n/ch v/.o- (Enov s rovn -/# # (e# (ic- repre"en('ciub -(or' s rovn' (/#6 -(or$ s #=>u pripo&iD - o('"-e vy..ie #i#ochodo#6 s sp/( 06 -de &e ro"die06 >e "vu-y v (e&(o s%vis0os(i " 3 rie!6 0e rovn -o s% "'vis0 od po1(u vi!r'ci$6 pon%- &%b Po(o#6 1o v.e(-y 3 r!y ne# &% ni16 0e hudo!n do&#y " o-('vy in(erv 0u &e& 10enenie An 0o< d r Hoci 3 re!n spe-(ru# n'vr ( n 1erven% s "d' pod2 Vio0e( n -reh-% -onci uviesD spoU re3r n<i!0e -oniec6 1o 10ove- #=>e pre1$( D vi c in3or#'ci$ v - pi(o0e MM.K 0e ? A<e3Yh0 spros(red-u&%c in(erv 0y #ed"i 1ervenou 3i 0ovou &e (ed d n' n &#en.$#K 3 r!y6 !y ich v/r "n/ do&e# n v.e(-/ch6 !e" oh2 du n ich v"D h se!e n v"'&o#6 -on(r s( poci(y6 -(or s% " -orenen v ich v"D hu ne# &% ni1 spo0o1nho s poci(#i hudo!n/ch in(erv 0ov pi (e&6 .(vr(e&6 4 c *e"o!r "u&e6 #=>e(e po>i d D (u6 s0 !osD (eErieb Pod2 #=&ho n'"oru6 nie &e nedos( (o-6 - v pr$p de6 >e predch'd" &%ce (eErie &e 3 0o.n/6 0e ne%p0nosD6 - e.(e po(re!u&% dop0niD. *e> so# s po-%siD s d D (o6 0e chce# poved D <eni'0ny di" &n eOpo"$cie6 -(or Dro!isch #' u> d'vno prie!eh pro<res$vny v/s(up s%1 sne s periodic- op -ov nie ToneindrYc-e sensu 0i"es pri priechode s(upnici (Enu6 repre"en('ci 6 -(or/ ro"hodne nie &e !e" n'&de(e "'u&e# (u 7RF .
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XA- si #ys0$(e6 >e n in(erv 0e &edne& o-('vy n "'-0 dn/ (En6 ne> &e o!vod -ruhu6 -(orho po0o#er6 (& ] N67R97R6 #us$ !yD6 po(o# v.e(-y "os('v &%ce in(erv 0y o!0%- -ruhu6 nech ich pridru>en/ch -r &$n s(redne& uho0 &e 2 h- ur1iD.6 pre(o>e s #o"re&#e6 - o ,n(erv 0y 6 "odpoved' uh0u ] V, MQN t B V ] 7 B 6 K T ->e V = 6 . MQN t. Pod2 (oh(o v/s0ed-u pre (rin'sD h0 vn/ch in(erv 0och n s0edu&%cich hodn=( V, -(or s#e "V hodno(y prid D6 "odpoved &%ce su#'# vy& dren/# dv n's(eho o-('vov/ch in(erv 0och -0'vesov/ch n's(ro&ov. V 7F Pri#e N t N t [N V!
GF # 0' hodinov' ru1i1- MM M7 MN MF ve2-' se-und Q7 7N QN ZF # 0' (erci 9Z 7N 9N RF ve2-' (erci 77R RM 7GN QF W(vr(' 7Z9 GZ 7RN SF ro".$ren/ 3our(h 7SS ZG 78N 8F G7N MQ G7N muin(e 9F #en.ie siO(h GZZ SGZN 7NF # &or siO(h GQR 79 GSN 77F #en.ie sied#y G98 RN MNN 7GF h0 vn sied#y MGQ G9 MMN 7MF o-('vu MQN NMQN XTie(o hodno(y V V ! s (/# spo&en% o!0%-u6 o!r 7 G Ip=vodnF d r. D' s v nich o-ruh pod2 svo&ich r="nych vrs(v'ch6 ne> n po"$ciu (Ene vo1i -oreUu "odpoved' "o!r "enie o!r "u .... .. Pre os( (n6 (u od=vodUu&e o"n 1enie .es($n sed#iny -o rever"n (re(iny se-undy & n >ivo.6 pre(o>e odi.ie0 do o-ruhu po (o#6 1o op$s 0 ce0/ o!vod -ruhu6 " se sp5D6 ( ->e s% se-undy (re(iny6 -(or% po(o# <enerov n o-('vy6 >e sed#iny .es($n "'s dn. Podo!ne6 .(vr(/ p'dy pop$s n v (o#(o rever"ne& o('1 ni s p5(iny "'-0 dn dohro# dy 7QF . X o!r "ove& repre"en('cii d 0 n'# #ies(o v *e\(onov/ch op(i-y I Oib. * Jars II Jrop 1I pre.ie0F. XT'(o ro('ci s po0o#ero# s% v. - "#eny6 -(or (rpi (En6 -eT s pos(upne ide od -oreU do o-('vy6 0en ne%p0n/ o!r "6. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 o-('v &e v=!ec pr$!u"nosD so "'-0 dnou po"n'#-y6 0e ro"o"n (e2n/ (oh(o "vu-u s hovor$6 Ter " v. -6 -eT !o0 -eyno(e n vy..e& %rovni6 pri1o# !y v. - (ie> v/"n #n in3or#'cie. dosD *eT 0e-o &e (u po"n #en D6 >e6 pre(o>e "#en v (Ene &e po"vo2n/6 nie n'h0e6 ('(o vy..i po"$ci 6 n &prv o-('vy6 #=>e d=&sD6 0e -on(inu'0ny prechod s #us$ us-u(o1niD do ne&. X XS#e (u vi c -o n %p0ne dos( (o1n vysve(0enie6 -eT s#e rovnicu y ] G 6 6 v"D h #ed"i re0 ($vny# po1(o# cy-0ov y "o "vu-u &eho in(erv 0y 6 d' s s Roo(6 pri#er n <eo#e(ric-ou in(erpre('ciu. V s-u(o1nos(i6 -o s hodno(y 6 o o!0%-u -ru>nice6 hodno(y p0echov-y y s% "n'"ornen pri #- #i6 -(or s% -o0# n -oncov !ody (oh(o o!0%- v rovine -ruhu. s #o"re&#e po(o# s% (ie(o hodno(y y repre"en(u&%ci pri #-y v " -riveno# povrchu v 0c 6 -(or/ -ru>nice pod-0 du6 #' svo&e -oncov !ody v 0co# vinu(i 0o< ri(#ic-e& .pir'0y V"h2 do# (o#u6. 6 = N6 y ] 76 po(o# &e v"di 0enosD "odpoved &%c -oreUov/ !od (e&(o .pir'0y od "'-0 dne v 0c ] 76 po-i 2 ide o 6 ] 76 y ] G6 po(o# &e v"di 0enosD o-('vy "odpoved &%ci !odu6 &e dv -r'( ( - ve2-/. a >d/ s(redn/ (En n (o6 1o &e v>dy 7l 6 l
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N G R y l 76 #' "odpoved &%ci !od v .pir'0e. f 0e& (ed preds( vu&% 6 y s%r dn$c 0o< ri(#ic-e& .pir'0y6 n povrchu v 0c &e pri #e6 #=>e G -o !so0%(n %roveU (Enu6 6 &e o"n 1ov n/ -o &eho s#eru odch/0-y od "'-0 dne&. X XDos den$# y " 7 ] ,, (0 1$ , re0 ($vn v/.- re0 ($vne& r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$ y reprodu-ov D "vu- vo v"D hu - v/.-e svo&ho "'-0 dnho (Enu6 0e!o -r (.ie pries-u#u (Enu n -oreU6 po(o# ( - &e ,]G6L7 Hodno(y , s% repre"en(ov n v"di 0enosDou !odov .pir'0y roviny -ruhu6 -(or/ &e de3inov n/ rovno!e>ne s rovinou "'-0 dne prech'd" &%ce& !odo# .pir'0y6 -(or' "odpoved' "'-0 dn po"n'#-yK 0e!o 6 y s% s%r dnice .pir'0y6 -(or' s v"D hu&e (o#u "'-0 dne& 1 s(i rovno!e>n v 0ce ..... X XPo (o#(o Ipod2 o!r M eOpo"$cie v p=vodno# o!r'"-uF "o!r "enie &e (er "6 >e n nepre(r>i(o# s0ede (Enov "odpoved &%cich o!r "u nie &e -o 0o< ri(#ic-e& .pir'0y n v 0cove& p0oche6 0e povrch s-ru(-u6 -(or/ popisu&e po0o#eru vo&ne6 -edy v os s(%p vo&ne o('1 s o-o0o rovn - v rovn -o# 1 se6 #ed"i v/.-ou o('1 ni v"D hu. , ] G 6 L 76 0e!o (o6 1o &e rovn -6 6 ] 0o< G I7 ^ , F s #ies(o6 -(or " neho vyp0/v &%6 -o v hudo!ne&. (Enov c 6 d, e, f, D, a, ( 6 c s s( ne 0en ur1i(/ po1e( (Enov6 s vynech n$# s(redne& "6 ( - i# pr$s0u.n ri d-y o!r "u (o1i(/# schodis-o#. v/r "y #ier- 6 #ier- (i(u0y s% pre(o -eT si #ys0i 6 >e o o(o1enie h0 vy s%1 sne6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 ve2#i vhodne vy!r n/ ..... X XT ->e po-i 2 vie#6 !o0 prv/-r'( pou>i(/ vy..ie v 0cov .pir'0y pre sensu 0is (ion (En ri do- @. Ope0( In ch r -(ere hud!y. P0 uen +ips-u v ro-u 78MZ. S(r ZMF. S-ru(-y " povrchu6 >e o!r " vy"er'6 0en !y # do-on1iD >e nevy-on'v . X Po-i 2 ide o " s(%penie Dro!isch6 -(or' &e nesporne ve2#i vhodn spo&enie pro<res$vny periodic- prv-u6 1$# s "$s- >iv/ preds( vu v (Ene ri d-u. Ter " s "o!r "$ prv/ "o v.e(-/ch6 -o ('(o s( v! s vys-y(u&e vo v"D hu s os( (n/#i &edno(- #i i! vo2!y s n .e& predch'd" &%ce& ? A usdrYc-en. *ech n r/ch0osD vi!r'ci$ -ho-o2ve- "'-0 dnho (Enu6 n &eden n druhe& s(r ne vy"er 0 in/ (En6 ] y ich v"D h6 6 poci( ro"die0u #ed"i n n !, (& poci( ich in(erv 0e6 k n .e& !e>ne& -on.( n(n/6 ( ->e &e ro"die0 v"orec 6 ] k 0o< .
V"h2 do# - (o#u6 k cnos(i svo&vo2nho v/!eru sen"'ci &edno(-y6 n ! cnos(i 2u!ovo2ne& vo2!e 1 sove& &edno(-y pre -(or/ ur1u&e po1e( vi!r'ci$6 2u!ovo2n' hodno( #=>e !yD vyrie.en'6 ( - s#e s n pr viD6 !y soci 0i"ov D -onc 6 pre(o>e o!vodu k = G 6 -de +udo03 XB$s0o sche pros(ried-yK (ie> v"i D do %v hy "'s dn/ v/"n #6 -(or/ #' po#er 3re-venciou G -o Ver<0eichun<s# As( ! so v.e(-/#i os( (n/#i vi!r'ci$ pod#ieno-6 "'-0 dn po1e( -#i(ov n " "'roveU s oh2 do# n 0o< ri(#ic-e& sys(# pod2 (oh(o po#eru ( -6 !y
I?oho0 !yD e.(e ro"de0en pod2 pro(o-o0u G6 -(or' v/r "L0i6 #ies(o 0o< ri(#ic-e& sys(#u so "'-0 dn/# 1$s0o# G s pou>i&% !e>nF. *ech &(e s hodno(y 6, -(or d n (/#(o v"orco# hodn=( n "odpoved &%6 pod2 o!0%- -ruhu 7 preds( vu&e po0o#er6 -(or s% prev" ( " ur1i(/ch v/chodis-ov/ch !odov6 po(o# G o!vode (oh(o -ruhu "'roveU "'s(upcu in(erv 0u o-('vy. V>dy6 -eT n &e v/-on "'-0 dne& 1$s0o &e G6 (& -eT &e "vu- n vy..iu "vy.u&e o-('vyK " "n #en' ce0 1$s0o6 (ed 6 &e n'so!-o# G n ce0o1$se0n% di &e ce0 1$s0o o!vodu6 0e!o vr ci 6 sp5D v preveden$ s v/s(up#i6 -(or s -on'6 -eT n ] G6 -(or' s rovn' vi!r 1n% 3re-venciu "'-0 dn . A- s (er " po#er 3re-vencie ] y pri #- #i6 -(or sp d &% do -oncov/ch !odov o!0%- 6 -o0#o - rovine -ruhu6 )6 -o Dro!isch6 #'#e v.e(-y s( v!y. Tie>6 nech D (i n o!och s(r n'ch " ur1i(/ch # (e# (ic-/ch v/r "ov 2 h-o "n$>en' n se!e n v"'&o#. Po(o#6 1o " nich #' Dro!isch y ] G 6 6 pre(o
0e!o6 - chce(e Dro!isch & pre pou>i(ie 0<ori(#ov v Ton<e!ie(e preLpo0o>ene&6 G -o "'-0 dn 1$s0o 0o< ri(#ic-e& sys(#u (rv' rovn -/ 1 s -o "'-0 dn/ po1e( (Enov s n #i 6 = 0o< >e i! ro"die0 #ed"i Dro!isch (o n'. v"orec "os('v 6 >e rovn -/ )ons( n(e k, #y ] G se(6 !ude n s( ven' n 76 1o so se!ou nesie6 >e s s n$#6 po0o#er -ruhu ] po0o#er ] 76 s n #i po0o#er ] 76 po0o#er = G &e n s( ven/. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 -o v pr$p de6 >e in(erv 0 o-('vy &e repre"en(ov n' o!vode -ru>nice6 ( ->e (o(o (ie> Dro!isch n hodno(u 76 v n's hodno( G 6 " -(or/ch prv/ -r'( "d' !yD vhodne&.ie6 - o-('vy &e prirod"en' &edno(- hudo!n/ch in(erv 0ov. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e s ne&edn' o " s(%penie (Enov/ch v"D hov v po1(e6 0e <eo#e(ri 6 #us$ 1i s(o1ne nie1o pre se! 6 po0o#er -o o!vy-0e o 76 o!vod o G EOpressK n -oniec odi.ie0 s v/!ero# &edno(ie- pre s( ve!n <0eich<Y00i<. ?i#ochodo#6 #=>e(e vidieD n prv/ poh2 d6 v n .o# v"orc 2 h-o6 >e 2 h.ie ne> &edn 6 -(or' s vinu0 o-o0o v 0c 6 .pir'0y -ur" h0inen/ch do&#ov6 #=>e !yD " s(%pen/ rovinn .pir'0y6 v pr$p de6 >e rovnic 6 ] G 0o<
preds( vu&e po0'rny#i s%r dnic #i6 " (i 2 1o 6 n &#5 -o uh0o#6 (o !uT prih0'siD 6 0e!o -o r'dius ve-(or pov >ov n'6 " -(or/ch !/v 0/ Archi#edes6 druh/ &e 0o< ri(#ic-' .pir'0 . O! & ?'(e v uh0e6 -(or/ &e po0o#er ve-(or " &eho hodno(y v n ] G s odohr'v v/chodis-ove& po0ohy6 #ier vn$# ne& odch/0-y od "'-0 dne& po"n'#-y 0e!o -e&-o2ve- o-('vy "'-0 dnho (EnuK Prv/ pr$p d Iv pr$p de rchi#edovs- .pir'0yF v po0o#ere ve-(or pro(o-o0e v/.-e n d "'-0 dn 0is(u6 - 6 ] G 0o< %#ern 0o< #ieru vn$# ne&
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pr$p de 0o< ri(#ic-e& .pir'0yF v po0o#ere ve-(ore op (reni s-u(o1nho 0e!o o!&e-($vne v/.-e n d ;'s dn/ po"n'#- 6 -eT re0 ($vny po#er 3re-venciou (oh(o "vu-u -eyno(e s n "/v ( -. O! & A- po(o# #=>e(e pod2 po(re!y Dro!isch6 nech r'dius ve-(or pri &eho o('1 n$ s(%p D6 pod2 pries-u#u prv6 - s-u(o1n'
v/.- n d "'-0 dn po"n'#-y6 druh/ 0o<6 - .e(renie preds( vu&% vn$# n% v/.-u n d "'-0 dn/# (Eno# - ne&K ( -6 >e - o!e6 &e uveden/ vy..ie6 0en v r="nych 3or#'ch6 s vn$# n% odch/0- od "'-0 dne& po"n'#-y 0e!o o-('vu (oho is(ho s%1 sne6 vn$# n' v/.- n d "'-0 dn po"n'#-y6 spo0u s -(u'0nou v/.-u6 -(or' !y # 0 !yD # 0' v/hod %p0nos(i. Pros(redn$c(vo# o!och s( vie! "$s- #e .pir'0ove& 1epe2 s-ru(-y ce" prv re0 ($vne vi c v 1erp ne& su#y6 v osi s-ru(-y n pos0edno# 3in'0e6 druh/ vi c pre(i ho0 do di 2-y6 sy#p(o(ic-y "us(re!endes s ne-one1n/#i o('1o- osi. To e /a, 0ma&, spo*, so sk,to-nos+o,, .e 8pir2*o& -epe) & nieko)k'c( /2&ito& e edno, / na d5*e.ite 80c( s7-ast0 n28(o s*,c(o&(o apar2t,, nosne -asti a -asti Hnda,sbreitanD Le(Wrner"t0&ne. Xe to a*e e8te nebo*i nak*onen, aby sa koc(*e2rne ner&y na *ep8ie pred *abyrint, ner&y pre pocit i(risko e ,r-en: a*e to spo-0&a na ni-om po/it0&ne &eci: a .e by to stretn,tie sa rie8i &iac ako n2(odn d5*e.it, kto b,de ma+ koc(*e2rne s(oV, *en dos+ odbo-ky, ako m5.eme po-,+ okt2&y, -o nie e tento pr0pad, ak nec(cete, aby niektor predpok*ada+, .e b*,disko ner& ro/sa( 8neko&(o Kenton pokra-, e. Ka.d' pr0pad by ma* ne ak' /2, em ()ada+ presn' t&ar 8pir2*o&e -epe*e na8e aba*one, a aby mo(*i da+ e8te &iac, te*eo*oDick(o 7&a(y podobe te to /m*,&y, &r2tane a*e a. tera/ by ma* by+ .iadna n2de , a to, -o nie e moc starost0 n2s t,. Predch'd" &%ce &e preds 0en (rochu pods( (ne& pres( v!y p=vodnho " s(%penie Dro!isch 1o nie h#o(nosD nie &e6 (o &e 0en v ro"s hu (u uvedeno#6 -o s hovor$6 !y s pre"en(ov 0 -o n &prirod"ene&.$ v/r " od=vodnenie pod#ieno- uveden/ch n C so# (er ". Po prv6 (o s nes#ie " !%d D n s-u(o1nosD6 >e v.e(-y (ie(o s( v!y s% i! e#piric-6 -(or #=>u preds( vov D s-%senos(n pod#ien-y verne6 !e" (oho !y s v. - n u1iD n's nie1o "o dn po#erov uveden/ch v's. Vy..i 0e!o ni>.i o-('vu
doch'd" s ri di ci# c$(iD d=0e>i(6 - 3re-venci vi!r'cie "dvo&n'so!iD 0e!o "n$>iD n po0ovicu6 ( ->e &e 1$s0o G " veden/ -o "'-0 dn' -on.( n( vo v"or-'ch6 n -(or spo1$v &% n (ie(o -on.(ru-cie. A0e pre1o !y nie M6 Z6 M ` G 6 0e!o --o2veir cion'0ne 1$s0o &e (o -on.( n( 6 -(or' po(o# #' o-('vu in/ in(erv 0 !y # 0 u(ori( ($vne v/"n # -/-o2ve-6 -(or/ v s-u(o1nos(i #' o-('vu. ;vu-u do&e# n op -6 v (o# "#ys0e6 >e v/chodis-' hei - >de& o-('ve sp5D6 ( ->e 3un-ci -ruh G -o druh/ "'-0 dn -on.( n(y " veden v n .o# v"orci6 (o &e repre"en(ov n/ v po0'rnych s%r dnici ch s n #iK 0e (o6 1o d=vod spo1$v v pov he veci6 (o so se!ou nesieb;o v"orc n "'-0 de pr'v n @e!er
" 1 (i K s#e #oh0i pre K. rovn -o -o & in% hodno(u ne> G n'hr d 6 #ies(o po0'rnych s%r dn$c rovn -o do!re pr vouh0/ch s%r dnici ch s preds( vu&% po#er ve2-os(i #ed"i 6 0e!o prih0'siD pou>i(ie6 -de !y s#e po(o# o!y1 &n/ 0o< ri(#ic-e& -riv-y6 0e >i dny .pir'0u6 -edy !y ods(r'ni0o vy& drenie periodici(ou. Pre1o s T 0e& (/- periodic- prv-u i! v/.-u6 nie si0u6 pre1o doch'd" ro"hodnu( 0en v o!0 s(i "vu-u6 nie n 3 r!yb * vrcho0e (oho v.e(-ho n'# d'v di" &n >i dnu odpoveT6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i vy> du&e i! odpoveT. ?' # (er " ve2#i pre-v pen/6 nie1o6 1o s #i "d' odpoveT6 unsou<h( dos( D s 6 -eT so# nie1o in6 0e rovn -o ( - Susedi ce6 h2 d 06 (o i! 6 >e s vy1erp 06 spo0o1n' "'vis0osD Toneindruc-es 3re-vencie vi!r'ci$ #p0i(%dy6 -(or pod2 n d dis-usi$ s "d' po> du&e s-%senos(i6 "novuo!& venie pros(redn$c(vo# odvodenie "'-0 dn/ch pod#ieno-6 !e" (oho6 !y si #ys0e06 >e "'vis0osD periodic- o-('vy do&e# !y #oho0 !yD v so0id ri(e s Uou uveden6 -o (o n o" & &e "n'"ornenK v/s0ed-o# (oho6 1o si #ys0$# o ZL3o0d d=0e>i(/ch h2 d$s-6 -o &e ce0o? A usdruc-es pre "vu-ov/ do&e# pe1i (-ou p0 (nos(i &e (vrdi06 -edy h0!o-/ princ$p e0e#en('rne deriv'cie6 !o0o "is(en6 (/#(o v/s0ed-o#6 u-'" 0 s ( -6 -o psycho#o(oric- pu""0e &e (ed vyrie.en/6 d r"u0e<ende -o &edn druh% .iro-/6 !ud%cnosD I- pi(o0 MMF6 d=vody u> si6 0e pr vdepodo!ne 0en !yD6 poh2 d n &ednoduchosD vi!r 1n/ch pohy!ov6 -(or s% pred#e(o# n'.ho po1%v ni in(erne6 ni>.ie &ednoduchosD (/ch6 -(or$ s v/hr dou v$"ie6 podporov n (/#6 s (/#(o n'vodo# vn%(orn/ch psychophysics &e pre"en(ov n' die0 v ur1i(o# s#ere. ,! pod pod#ien-ou6 (o6 >e "vu- s(i#u0 n &&ednoduch.ie prie!eh vyvo0'v v n .ich vn$# &%cich n 1%v c$ch pr$s(ro&ov6 v/s0ed-y v n s0edu&%co# vyh0'sen$. Podro!nos(i o (e&(o (#e !ud% rie.en pod2 #U v - pi(o0e MGK 0e so# "dvihn%D nie1o " ro"ve(ven/ch dis-usi$6 -(or uro!$ v.eo!ecne&.$ ver"ii %0ohy6 -de po(re! 6 (u predv$d nie su# ri"u&e &eden von6 1o od- "u&e - n'.#u s%1 sn#u o('"-u "v0'.D. V - pi(o0e MG !ude preu-'" n6 >e #ier ce0-ovho do&#u si0y v/.-y (Enu pro(o-o0u 3or#u0'r na 0e!o s prih0'siD do G 6 #ed"i -(or s pod2 vy..ie uvedene& dis-usie6 ( # &e vo2! #=>e "novu n'&sD s1$( n$# ro"#erov "'-0 dn/ch pr$spev-ov "'>i(-ov/#i 6 -(or s% <enerov n pod2 &edno(0iv/ch #o#en(ov vi!r'ci$6 -edy
- >d/ "'-0 dn/ pr$spevopoci( " o!och doch'd" pri (e&(o r/ch0os(i #o#en(u I1o &e 0o< 3or# na (uF6 0e!o r/ch0osD I1o s prih0'siD do G s%F rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 v "'vis0os(i #ys0$6 -o ce0/ poci( "'vis$ n ce0e& #p0i(%dy 3re-vencie vi!r'ci$. V (o#(o odvodenie vy0u1u&e nie0en s # o se!e6 -(or' si v ? A usdruc-e pre "vuo ve2-os(i #p0i(%dy v "'vis0os(i n ve2-os(i do!y -#i( ni 6 0e (ie> s n ch'd" &% v ? A usdruc- hodno(u v de( i0e6 -(or/ &e ne"'vis0/ n ve2-os(i #p0i(%dy ve2-osD o!do!i -#i( ni "'vis$ i! n periodic- op -ov nie v rovn -o# o!do!$ ro-u osci0'cie6 pre &ednoduch vi!r'cie - >dho #p0i(%dy - >d -#i( nie o!do!i "os('v ne"#enen'6 v podo!e ? A usdruc-es prih0'senie na 0e!o s prih0'siD na G 6 0e &edin/ d=vod6 pre1o nepri.ie0 do popredi 6 pre(o>e on6 &eho -on.( n(y prirod"ene6 v rovn -o# &edne& s dy -on.('n( K a 7 n 7 0e!o nieko)k'c( 7 n 7 h (/ch(o 3orie# 7SF s "dvihne6 -o &e vidieD " n s0edu&%ceho odvodeni . T'(o hodno( &e "'vis0' n o!och "'-0 dn/ch -on.('n( G 6 -(or/ch v/"n # v in(erv 0e o-('vy "'vis$6 >e s !e" oh2 du n 2u!ovo2n/ ur1enie &edno(ie- -on.( n(n/ k,s rovn -/# sp=so!o# v o!och pod#ieno-6 #ed"i -(or/#i &e e.(e v/!er6 %p0ne !y v"h2 do# 6 >e vy..ie uveden hodno(y 6 pre vi!r 1n &edno(-y " #enen/ 1$s0o n"odpoved'6 #=>e !yD pov >ov n/ " 1is(ho v/r "u6 -(or' &e "'vis0' n periodici(e periodic-ho pohy!u prv-u s(%p ni poci(. Ten &e v s-u(o1nos(i s( noven' 0en " s%1(u periodic-e& 3un-cie6 v -(oro# &e do! -#i( ni 0e!o 1$s0o vi!r'ci$ nedos( 06 #p0i(%d 6 (ed #=>e !yD i! prv/ I(o "n #en'6 >e s n hr ciu p0ochuF6 nie pos0edn/ !yD pr$!u"n/6 0e o!s hu&e6 -o &e vidieD6 ni 1 s -#i( nieK (o #p0i(%d $sD " druhe& s(r ny v ? A usdruc- ce0/ Toneindruc-es &edn .
7SF
Pripo#eU#e si6 >e s(e v0 s(ne vy(vori0 hodno(u k pro(o-o0 &e.
0e!o k 0o<
Priechod "'-on 6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(orho &e (en(o v/s0edo- s u-'>e6 veden " predpo-0 du6 >e poci( " pr$spev-u "'vis$ n r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$ v - >do# o- #ihu6 &e s(ru1ne ( -(o. V - pi(o0e MG6 !ude(e p0 (iD %1e( " (oh(o s( vu nie-edy (rochu vi c !ehu6 nie-edy "is(iD & n in/ch pod#ieno- Iv "'vis0os(i n "#ene r/ch0os(iF. V &ednoducho# 0ine'rno# -#i( nie #p0i(%dy 9 6 -#i( nie o!do!ie 0e!o - ich v"'&o#ne& po1(u cy-0ov n ] od0i.nos(i6 "n'#y 78F r/ch0os(i 1, v 1 se t 6 #er n% od (oh(o # Oi# n
-de &e po1e( +udo03[sche6 0e!o po0ovi1n/ -ruh peri3rie6 po0o#er ] 7. Od (e&(o
chv$0e s pr$spevopoci( v - >do# o- #ihu dt od vys-y(u&%ce s n &eho p 0u!e r/ch0os(i 1 6 0e!o (o6 1o nevyhnu(n 0o< ri(#ic-e& 3or#e vy& dreni s rovn' rovn -e& -ine(ic-e& ener<ie &. G &e pod#ienen6 &e K prih0'senie dt 0e!o k pro(o-o0u dt
v"h2 do# -6 " -(or/ch prv/ v/r " #=>e !yD pou>i(' -o "'-0 d6 s do %v hy6 >e &e v>dy po(re!n pov >ov D " po"i($vne. Tu6 B hodno(u 1 6 v -(ore& s vys-y(u&e po6 pr h vn$# ni Ipr h &edno(- F6 na ic( spo0o1n/ -on.( n(n'. Po(o#6 poci( &e s%1e( N 6 -(or/ &e <enerov n/ po1 s (rv ni -#i( ni &e d n' v"D ho#
78F
Vid$(e n pr Hersche0 o sve(0e i. RQ96 po-i 2 ide o hodno(u
V"h2 do# - (o#u6 &edno(- r/ch0os(i &e 2u!ovo2n/6 s#e s vyd 0i Ipod2 pod#ieno-6 -(or (o pr$de (u vyhr D v n &&ednoduch.e& podo!eF hodno( = 7 , ro"de0iD 0o< ri(#us produ-(u do s%1(u 0o< ri(#ov6 n'hr d n - 6 ( ->e s#e s%1e( (/ch(o (roch 10enov o!dr>$P
" -(or/ch prv' #p0i(%d druhe& preds( vu&e po1e( vi!r'ci$ 0e!o -#i( nie do!u6 (re($ v "'vis0os(i n periodici(e osci0 1n 1 s(i ? A usdruc-es. Dos den$# 3'"e ( - ide n pos0edn/ od- " n v 6
Ur1i(/ in(e<r'0
6 0e -(or periodici( 1is(o "'vis0/6 ne"'vis0/ n ve2-os(i o!do!ie preds( vu&e6 &e
-#i( nie6 1 sD ? A usdruc-es6 vyn'so!en/ -on.( n(n/ 3 -(or
po -(oro# ce0/ ? A usdruc- pre poci( s%1e( N po1 s &ednho -#i( nie (rv ni &e
De0enie (en(o v/r " !y 6 1$# s "$s- in(en"i(u poci(u vn$# ni 6 s-=r -o ce0-ov6 n s( v$ k ] G 6 s "$s- -o #ier in(en"i(y
0e!o6 - s pri odvod"ov n$ - ] 7 b ] s'd6 n &&ednoduch.$ v/r " prih0'siD na . A-o s (vor$ k pro(o-o0u si hne6 &e uveden/ v - pi(o0e MG.
Druh' pod#ien- 6 >e poci( "#eny r/ch0os(i Idruhe& r/ch0os(iF &e "'vis0'6 1o vedie po#erne "odpoved &%ci# sp=so!o# - rovn -#u v/r "u G pro(o-o0u pre periodic-% prvo-6 n &#56 -eT s predch'd" &%ci s( v v/s(upy -o -one1n' hodno( " ce0% ? A usdruc-
(en6 -(or/ "n$>en$# b ] 8 h 9 k = n G 0o< s #=>e o!r'(iD6 1o (o #=>e rovn -% .(ru-(%ru6 -o v predch'd" &%co# s( ve6 !y (o.
Text original
&o% 16. :;
777I. Zov#!ob!%n!n ! MaF&r n) &s
V"orec #er nie6 ro"die0 v"orec Un(erschieds# A3or#e06 -(or n'# s0%>i0i ro"s hu poci(6 poci( od0i.nos(i vn$# n ro"die0y6 n "'-0 de "'-on @e!er s-u(o1nosD pr hu Ipr h pr h ro"die0F6 p0 (iD ( - d0ho6 -o (oh(o "'-on 6 (o S-u(o1nosD6 "os('v spr'vny.
7F
Psych ? Aprin"ipien pp 7S9 33
; (i 2 si #us$#e uvedo#iD6 >e pr'vo n @e!er 6 & -eT pr vdepodo!ne neo!#ed"en% univer"'0nosD p0 (nosD vo v"D hu - vn%(orne& psychoL3y"ic- pohy!y6 0e v &eho v"D hu - von- &.ie podne(y 0en v #ed"i ch s(redne& dr'>divos(i s predpo-0 d'6 >e &e p0 (n r="ne poruchy -o#p0i-'cie s v/hr dou6 " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($ & &e& p0 (nosD s(r ($ v.e(-o. ; (oh(o poh2 du (vrdeni vyu>i(ie po"n'#-ou " pred(/# &e d=0e>i(6 !y i! (ie
v"orce6 0e nie princ$p n'.ho #er nie " 0o>iD ich p0 (nosD od p0 (nos(i "'-on @e!er n op - pod2 rovn -ho princ$pu i! pros(redn$c(vo# in/ch v"orcov rovn -o do!re #ier ci(0ivos(i6 poci( od0i.nos(i vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov #o>no "$s- D pods( (n6 n -(or n . "'s d up0 (Uu&e v p0ne& v.eo!ecnos(i6 i! #o>nosD6 >e rovnosD # 0/ch "#ien6 ;u\Ychse !yD uveden poci( pre d n/ Rei""u\Ychse v r="nych 1 s(i ch s(upnice s(i#u0 1nho (o6 1o s#e nie 0en &eden6 0e (ri do!r #e(Edy pre pon%- nie. T/# s ce0/ poci( s('0eho ;u\Ychsen d od nu0y6 -(or v "'vis0os(i n pridru>en Rei""u\Ychse d 6 #ys0$#e6 >e s% s( noven v r="nych 1 s(i ch s(upnice s(i#u0 1nho vyr'sD6 "$s- #e hodno(u #er nie ce0ho poci(u s%1e( ich ;u\Ychse od nu0y do hodno(y , 1o &e v"h2 do# - podne(y "odpoved'6 0e!o v.eo!ecne&.ie6 ro"die0 L dvoch poci(ov , !, -(or s% podne(y , , ! "odpoved &% s%1(u p'du v pr$s0u.no# in(erv 0e ;u\Ychse. av 0i3i-'(or v"ni-' (/#(o sp=so!o#P Predpo-0 d &#e6 >e s#e "is(i0i6 >e rovn -/ e.(e 0en "n (e2n/ ro"die0 &e poci(6 -eT s#e odvo0 nie6 <ener'0 hor%ci6 ve2-osD " n o!&edn'v-u d !, ve2-osD " n d " u &e . 3 .r s(%6 -de d !, d " ve2#i # 0/6 v "'vis0os(i n #ies(e s oh2 do# n ro"s h6 v -(oro# s(i#u0 1n po"orov nie pre!ieh 6 (& o ve2-os(i o"n 1u&% v ri !i0n/ Rei""u\Ychse6 ( ->e s#e v.eo!ecne FIFd=c -de R &e n &prv ne"n'#u 3un-ciu C &e -on.( n( ur1u&e 3un-ciu F ( -6 >e -eT s se!e "odpoved &%ce hodno(y " d ", " d " USF v F I F d #=>u !yD su!s(i(uov n 6 n o" & v. de6 -on.( n(n' hodno( c s "$s- v "'vis0os(i n procese6 od v/!eru 2u!ovo2ne& &edno(-y6 !so0%(n hodno( pr$de ni1. V pr$p de @ e!er[schen "'-on rovnic !ude pos( 1u&%ce6 - &e -on.( n(n' po#er n d re"ervy6 ( -
poved n6 (& F I F ] &e6 !y s ( #6 -de K &e 2u!ovo2n' -on.( n( . S('0 s r s(%ci#i podne(#i s(i#u0 1nho ro"die0 d , , -(or' &e nevyhnu(n'6 !y rovn -o "n (e2n/ ro"die06 v op 1no# n #ies(o pri #ych v"D hov s , ( - !y F I F !yD K . "odpoved D vo v.e(-/ch 1 s(i ch s(i#u0 1nho s(upnice rovn' podne( ro"die0 d rovn -/ po"orov (e2n/6 !y s FI F &e 0en n K "n$>eniu. T ->e (ie(o (ri pr$-0 dy pr$p dov "odpoved &% (ri rovniceP
Kd]c Kd=c Ter "6 v. -6 (o #=>e !yD & pr$p d6 >e neeOis(u&% >i dne &ednoduch 0e!o ( - pre ce0% podne( #er d0e v.eo!ecno# v"D hu #ed"i d &e -on.( n(n' hodno( . Po(o# &e v>dy #o>n6 po#ocou &ednho "o "n'#ych in(erpo0 1n/ch v"orcov F I F pre - >d% d n% 1 sD s(i#u0 1nho s(upnice pre -(or/ >i d o op (reni 6 v "'vis0os(i n v
(e&(o 1 s(i n'&den/ch po"orov n$# "odpoved &%ce - >d% hodno(u " d " " d " 6 (T ( -6 !y s s( novenieK 6 ke pod#ienFIFd rovn' -on.( n( &e dos( 1u&%c . A- #=>u !yD po"orov n -o -on.( n(n% hodno(u n s(r ne ci(u6 &e6 pr$sne v" (6 nie &e pr vd poci( ro"die06 0e vn$# ro"die06 - #'#e " veden' od GG. - pi(o0e ro"die0u "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0ov v u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov. Av. -6 - "#ys0ov ro"die0y s% re 0i"ov n i! v(edy6 -eT si .peci3ic-/ pr$p d #ed"i vidi(e2n/# ro"die0o#6 >e ci(0ivosD !y !o0o per3e-(n6 #=>e#e pri rovn -/ch hodno('ch d , -de vn$# ro"die0 &e -on.( n(n/6 po"ri (ie> spo&en vn$# nie ro"die0u -o -on.( n(n/6 ( ->e rovnic F I F d ] c dr> D so0id ri(u pre # 0 "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y vn$# n/ch ro"die0ov s s-0 d'6 d -o # 0' sen"'ci ro"die0 pre c n'hr d v predch'd" &%cich rovn$c. T'(o so0id ri( &e #o>n' nie &e a priori %p0ne "re&#6 0e &eho predpo-0 do# (oho6 1o &e s(upeU #o>n n &edne& s(r ne6 n druhe& s(r ne odr'> s-%senos(n v/s0ed-y. A- #' ( -/ (v r6 rovnic d=F()d s ur1en$# F I F6 !ude#e uv >ov D -o di3erenci'0ne rovnice #=>u !yD in(e<rov n -o ( -K (/#6 >e d ve2#i # 0% sen"'ciu -on.( n(n/ ro"die06 pod2 d o ve2#i # 0 s ro"u#ie pre#enn' podne( ro"die0. T/# "$s- #e -one1n/ ro"die0 #ed"i dvo# poci(#i , !, o!e hodno(y , ! p (r$6 n s0edu&%ci 3or#u0'r
poci( i! vo 3or#e
- b &e hodno( 6 pri -(ore& podne( poci( s('v nu0ov%6 1o hodno( #=>e v.eo!ecne poved n !yD nu0 6 0e!o # &% o!#ed"en% hodno(u6 " -(or/ch druh/ &e p0 (n/ pod2 s-%senos($. Po(o#6 (ri6 n pr$-0 d " vy..ie uveden/ch v"orcov n s0edu&%ci v/s0edo-P ade - ]
k = I h " b hF , -de k = = k ( " #), -de k ] K.

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ce0e& poci(6 >e v/s0edn/ spo&i(/ -one1n/ 1 s -one1n/ poci( ve2-osD6 ne> &e s%1e( v.e(-/ch e0e#en('rnych pr$spev-ov &e " s(upov DK v.eo!ecne&.ie6 >e #no>s(vo - >dho poci(u6 -(ore& -v 0i( &e spo&en' s ur1i(ou 3or#ou pohy!u &e po(re!n n'&sD po <ener'0ne& Prin"ip s%1(o# #no>s(evn/ch6 -(or prispiev &% - prich'd" &%ce v (e&(o podo!e chv$2 ch hnu(i 6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 1o (vor$ ce0/ pohy! poci( # D6 -o &e o!&e# h#o(nosD ce0ho do#u -o s%1e( (oho6 1o v.e(-o prispiev - &edno(0iv/# - #ene #=>u !yD ur1en' !e" "re(e2 6 -% 3or#u ro!i0 ce0/ do#. Bi &e ( -' poh2 d &e v/s(i>n/ u>i(o1n6 s "d' priori s ni (vrdiD6 ni vyvr'(iD s is(o(ouK 0e #us$(e (o s-%siD uvid$#e6 1o " ne& vych'd" 6 uro!iD ro"hodnu(ie n dv !ody6 " prv6 1i u> "o & n proponier(e s%1e( E0e#en( 0 rovn - "'vis0os(i u -one1no# 1 se s pred0>u&e v.e(-y poci(y pros(redn$c(vo# (e&(o do!e "novuo!& viD ro".$renie ce0e& pohy!ove& -($v6 -(or' s-%senosD n's pri #o pri-'" 06 " druh6 1i (o !ude (ie> vyhr D nie1o6 1o #y nie vyhr D6 - s " s( v$ n s-%senos(n "'-ony s-u(o1nos(i6 -(or pri #o ovp0yvUu&% poci(y pohy!y v -one1no# 1 se s%visi ce6 (o "n #en'6 >e nech u> s% ( - 0ep.ie orien(ov D v 3 -(ov6 do"vedieD s vi c " rovn -e& )onneOion6 vyhr D "dro& nov/ch vedeni K pre(o>e !y (o !o0o v pr$p de6 po-0es ;W r d.e& podporov D nie1o6 &ednoducho !yD priD >u&%ce pries(r nnosD "!y(o1n .(r &" ! c- 0e>i ce !odov. A& n prie- s('0e ve2-/ v du n s0edu&%ce n 0/"y #=>e !yD6 0e pod2 #=&ho n'"oru -o n (o6 1o pr$pus(nos(i u>i(o1nos(i (oh(o po-0esu &e spo&en'6 po(vrd"u&% (er ". U- "u&e s 6 >e v s-u(o1nos(i &edn ve2#i &ednoduch/6 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i "'-0 dn/#i pr vid0 #i vi!r'ci$ "'-0 dn "'>i(-ov/#i pr$spev-ov &e #o>n n s( viD6 -(or vr ci s1$( n$# v/s0ed-ov s-%senos($ pre ce0% vi!r'ci$ ce0' r d osci0'ciou s # o se!e 0en -o @e!erVv "'-on pre si0u -o v/.-y n &#56 -o co#pens !i0i(y .-ro!u pod2 v/.-y n op - pre vn$# vos(i "vu-u6 -o "'s dn/ v/"n # in(erv 0e o-('vy6 "is($6 >e (o6 1o s#e !o0i veden$ s-%senosD #i 1i s(o1ne v 9.6 nie-(or - pi(o0y MN s%6 (& #er nie 3or# pro(o-o0u o 0e!o s prih0'siD na G Iv "'vis0os(i n v/!ere #ed"i dvo# pod#ien- #6 #ed"i -(or 0en pod ri0o vyhr D s F pre "'vis0osD Toneindruc-es pevnos(i 0e!o v/.-y (v ru G 0o< 7 ` G d=0e>i(os(i o-('v in(erv 0.Tie> I- pi(o0 MNF6 &e u> pred!e>ne& pov hy6 &e "n'"ornen s-oro6 pre(o>e &e (o. Av. -6 - pri # -ore.pondenci " v/s0ed-ov vy%1(ov ni pre!ieh so s-%senosD #i v (o#(o s#ere i! v od(ieUoch6 nie s 3 r! #i6 ( ->e (o nie &e n'#ie(- p0 (nos(i "'s dy %1(ovn$c(v vy0%1en$# in/ch6 -(or # &% !yD prero-ov n v n &!0i>.$ch d=vodov - pi(o06 -(or n "n 1u&%6 1o "n #en'6 >e i! (Eny6 3 r!y nie s% pred#e(o# (/ch(o &ednoduch/ch v"D hov6 -o o!&e-( - %1(u (u. 6 Bo &e po#er dvoch r="nych poci(ov n %1e( s #o(n v/s0ed-y ( -/ v/-0 d &e ve2#i do!re povo0en. Ter " s#e v. - ne#o>no prip$s D 0en pros(redn$c(vo# (oh(o "'-0 dnho n'vrhu > po "'>i(-ov v/s0ed-y6 0e !ude#e & n T 0e& ( -. S-%senosD n'# hovor$6 ni1 o d=vode pre spo&enie #ed"i si0ou6 v/.-ou periodic-/ch prv-ov v #ier-e ToneindrYc-e6 n's nech' e.(e ne& - pochy!nos(i6 po-i 2 ide o ich sp=so!e v5"!yK n .e "'-0 dn -on.(ru-cie u- "u&e ich spo0o1n/ "'vis0osD n "'-0 dn/ch pod#ien- ch vi!r'ci$ v/"iev - ur1i(e& 3or#e ich od- "u. A0e pre(o>e s#e (u n "'-0 dn% .(ru-(%ru s(r'n-y uspo-o&iv6 " druhe& s(r ny6 -(or ved%6 "$s- #e &
pr$-0 d6 >e nie-edy nech 0 nie1o vyhr D s n$#6 o1 -'v D6 >e (o6 >e & v pr$p doch6 -eT u> nie &e &ednoduch/ osci0'cie 0e!o vi!r'cie v=!ec &e n'&sD vhodn6 !y spo0o1n/ d0hopis pre v.e(-y psychoL3y"ic-/ pohy! !y !yD vy-on n'. Pre(o>e #=>e#e prv/-r'( hovoriD 0en n s(i#u0 vo von- &.$ch psychophysics6 &e 0e (o6 1o s#e n .0i n n'. s%1 sn/ sp=so!6 -o s s n$# s%visi cich v pos0edne& in.( ncii n psychic-o# & 3y"ic-o# pohy!e vyvo0 n s(i#u0o#6 do-onc & n von- &.ie podne(y 0en - "is($6 >e &eho %p0ne& >i dos(i6 #o>no predpo-0 d D6 >e vhodn pod#ien-y pre neho v d=s0ed-u pohy!u. Ce nesporn6 #'#e (u podo!n/ pr$p d6 -o vo 3y"i-e. a/# ne#=>e#e !yD odvoden/ od "'-0 dne& & vy6 vyhr d"u&e#e si oso!i(n "'-ony pre "v0'.(ny v"h2 d o!0 s(i chK vi c s#e schopn$ s vr'(iD n "'-0 dne& .-o0e6 vi c s -on-r(ne "'-ony -o "v0'.(ne pr$p dy pod2 v.eo!ecn/ch pr'vnych predpisov6 -(or ur1u&% %spech pre -%-o2ve- -o#!in'ciu e0e#en('0ov. ?ed"i(/#6 n vrhu&e#e s-=r "$s- n %spech6 0e n pr$0i. vyso-. ?us$# u"n D6 >e uspo-o&iv' 0ie1! %0ohy s do(er " pod ri0o i! vo ve2#i %"-ych #ed"i ch6 >e po-us o v.eo!ecne&.ie rie.enie rovn - sp%.D pro!0#y6 -(or !y vy> dov 0i ich rie.enie vi c inLhH!-ov .(%die6 -o s% (u pr$(o#n$6 o (o#6 -(or/6 rovn -o -o & (o vid$#6 &e pros(ried-o# s-=r. Pred(/#6 ne> #y $sD do de( i0u n s0edu&%ce& n 0/"y princ$p ces( &e rovn -' spr vid0 s( noven. b; G!n!r+,n' &r !b!h v'#!1rovan a. S-%senos(i de3 u0(6 v/.- si0 (Enu ce0-ov/ do&e#6 v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1o n "/v #e in(en"i( &e 3un-ciou #p0i(%dy r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$ -#i( ni o!do!ie. A0e (o s%6 -o u> !o0o n p #5(i6 pre v.e(-y vi!r'cie. Ter "6 -eT &e n'&den/ o!&e-(6 ? A usdruc- poci(u s%1(o# (oho6 1o prispe0o &edno(0iv/#i o- #ihy vi!r'ci$ vyr'! D6 ( - s #us$#e p/( D6 1o s #en$ v - >de& &edno(0ive& o- #ihy osci0'cie6 -edy #p0i(%d 0e!o 3re-venci vi!r'ci$6 0e!o o!e "#enyK #us$ uro!iD "'s dn/ pr$spevo- - poci(u "'vis$ n Uo#. ? 0i !y s#e s n'&sD nie1o6 v &edno(0iv/ch o- #ihoch6 -(or v pri #e& %#ere - #p0i(%dy 9 po1(u -#i(ov n 0e!o o v/-one (/ch(o hodn=( &e (o6 1o (en poci( po &eden (en is(/ "'-on "'0e>$6 s#e (ie> "'-0 dn pr$spevopoci( "'vis$ rovn -/# sp=so!o# #usieD uro!iD6 pre(o>e 0en " (/ch(o pod#ieno- s%1(o# "'-0 dne& pr$spev-y "'>i(-ov6 v/s0ed-o# s-%senos($ pre ce0% poci( #o>no n'&sD "nov . * 1o s #=>e#e #ys0ieD n (o6 r/ch0osD &e prvho pori d-u & 0e!o druhho r'du r/ch0osD v 6 -o od0$.iD v "#ys0e (e&(o po\erLup6 -(or/ &e pod2 (re! viesD v dF v"orcov6 prv/ s -on.( n(n/# (v ro# -#i(ov pre - >d% ur1i(% 3'"u -#i( ni #o#en( &e odvo0'v 0 s n -o #p0i(%dy po1(u -#i(ov v &ednoduch/ch po#eroch6 druh/ v &ednoduch/ch po#eroch n #p0i(%de6 n'#es(i - r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$. %i.8i, r'c(*os+ pr&(o poriadk, a*ebo r'c(*os+ per se, fo*Dends &.dy o/na-0me &, c(2pem /n2my pomer term0n med/i &e)kos+o, miestnosti, ktor2 sa pre s+ & ka.dom po(ybe a po,.it(o -as,, t r'c(*os+ & be.nom s*o&a /mys*e, ktor2 sa na/'&a kon8tantn2, ak b,de pri at2 s7-asne, ka.d2 &e)k2 a*ebo ma*2, &.dy pre s+ ro&nak'c(
priestoroc(, premen*i&, pokia) to nie e tento pr0pad, & ktorom b'&a*' & ,niforme. Ten m2 & non"ro&nomernom po(ybe miesto. Jod)a r'c(*osti dr,((o r2d, fo*Dends s v. pop0sa+, c(2pem pomer po em med/i /meno, r'c(*osti pr&(o poriadk,, pokia) ide o smere si*y a -as,, & ktorom t2to /mena nasta*a, ktor' e merad*om /r'c(), 7ce si*y & /mys*e fy/iky a mec(aniky, a e po&a.o&an' /a kon8tantn', tak d*(o, k'm pri r'c(*osti, ako e defino&an pod)a smer, si*y ),bo&o)ne &e)k a*ebo ma* s7-asne sa /&'8i o ro&nak /&'8enie mno.st&a a*ebo /ni., e, ako premenn7, ak to nie e tento pr0pad, / ktor'c( pr&' ra/ & ro&nomerne /r'c(), e a*ebo spoma), e, dr,(' & nero&nomerne /r'c(), e a*ebo spoma), e po(yb prebie(a. 9by bo*o mo.n ponec(a+ .iadn, ne asnos+ o &/+a(, termino*;Die e t, po,.it', som sp,sti+ nas*ed, 7ci 7ry&ok / Joissono&(o Trait de mec. TI p FIII. (Tab,)ka de MatiYres) a*ebo p ZM[ (te6t) na\ ]P,e soit *a so,rce de 1itesse d!,n &ari2cie bod, materi2*, /a en &/ne8enosti et de smer, pr0&esok ,n temps inf*niment petit, i* ya to, o,rs ,ne smer certaine po,r *!ro/8ir, 7ce de 1itesse *aP,e**e est *a na&iac Lrande , et perpendic,*airement ^ *aP,e**e *es composantes de *a &itesse nie sont =, posi*y dimin,ces. Cette est smer ce P,!on entend par *a Direction de *a n7ti+ P,i 9Dit s,r ,n point matrie* en Mo,&ement: s partant de cette defin0cie, P,e *!on dmontre accroissement de *a &itesse de *a composante s,i&ant smer ,ne P,e*conP,e, pr0&esok ,n instant, est d, ,niP,ement ^ *a force P,i aDit s,i&ant smer cette, et *e meme P,e NI *es 9,tres si*y n " e6istaient pas. " Ke_ e /mena & r'c(*osti pr&(o r2d, &st7pi+ do opatrenia /r'c(), 7ce si*y a*ebo na8e r'c(*osti pr&(o r2d, par e6ce**ence, be/ odka/, na te to defin0cii ostr &y(*2si* smer si*y, tak.e berte do 7&a(y to, ke_ kr,(o&' po(yb p*ant a*ebo kr,(o& osci*2cie by by+ n,*a nasta&i+, preto.e r'c(*os+ & & abso*7tne (odnote st2*e t, kon8tantn'. 9*e v e na8o, identifik2cia s ro/mermi /r'c(), 7ce si*y nie e n,*a t,, a*e kon8tantn' po(yb, 7ce(o sa te*esa e ,r'c(*en' si*o, smerom k stred, po(yb, & ka.dom okami(, tak, .e (& /2&is*osti na ro/*o.enie tanDenci2*nym) odstredi& e kompen/o&an2 t'm, .e by inak mo(*i by+ odstr2nen /o stredy (n,tia. Ter " s "o!r "$ po n s0edu&%ce n 0/"y6 -(or #'#e r di predpo-0 d o "'vis0os(i n prv-u pr covn "%ri n 1 V, #us$ !yD " 0o>en/ n @e!erVv "'-on o "'vis0os(i n v/.-e si0e poci(u 3re-vencie vi!r'ci$ #p0i(%dy6 rovn -o -o pr vide0n e0e#en( v #ier-e (Ene &e rovn - -o "novu "is(en6 ( ->e (u nie &e ni16 1o ro"0$.iD. A0e6 0e6 "'vis0osD 1 n ? A usdruc-e in(en"i( poci(u pro(o-o0u 3or#u0'r na ] 0o< ^ 0o< n vodi1e6 "'vis0osD vedie od & - ? A usdruc-e " pro(o-o0u 3or#u0'r na G ] 0o< a ^ G0o< n . Ter " s#e v" 0i -o "'-0 d v MN. - pi(o0e prvho ? A usdruc- -o pr vdepodo!ne&.i 6 pre(o>e &eho v51.iu &ednoduchosD &ednoduchosD 3un-cie >ivho si0yK #' v %#ys0e uro!iD & (u6 pre(o pri& 0 prvou pod#ien-ou pre po-r 1ov nie. Av. -6 v pr$p de6 >e druh' pod#ien- u-'" D -o preu- "n v por d$6 - nesporn6 & -eT nie &ednoduch/ch (es(ov6 -o &e n pr$-0 d I)h MNF proponier(en6 0e s decid !0e pod2 -on(eO(u s-%senos($ &e 7F 6 rovn -o ( - & priechod (u po Prv/ n predne& vyh0'senie6 0e #=>u !yD 2 h-o prenesen n os( (n/ch6 (o &e (o s #o n -oniec s( 0o (u pre prv/ n &d=0e>i(e&.$ " pr$p dov6 -(or s (u 0ie1iD.
7F
ke so# v ) pe. 7Q pred!e>ne& pov hy6 "r'> n' ro"hodnu(ie !o0o "ru.enie6 !o0 so# - #ysu. MN. v.i#o0. Ce (ed F I & F 3un-cie 1 6 "'vis0osD #ed"i in(en"i(ou r/ch0osDou #en('0ne& 1 vy& dru&e v - >do# o- #ihu. By & v 1 se t &e -on.( n(n/6 -o !y s F I & F6 (/# & du.evne& in(en"i( "os('v -on.( n(n/ v prie!ehu (e&(o do!y6 ce0-ov/ poci( po1 s (e&(o do!y6 F I & F. t !yD pos-y(nu('. S'#proti pre(o F I & F "#eny v prie!ehu vi!r'cie od #o#en(u #o#en(u6 #=>e i! po1 s nep (rnho 1 sovho prv-u dt 6 ne> !yD rovno#erne "0o>en' pov >ov n'6 v -(oro# ne-one1ne # 0/ 1 s s%1e( 0e!o "'-0 dn/ pr$spevopoci( &e F I & F . %emeck' s1$( nie6 s#e (0 1$ ve2-osD #eni ci#i pr$spev-ov6 -(or # 0i po1 s %p0nho -#i(u dr> ni &. - >dho o- #ihu vi!r'ci$ s &eho de#<e#5Aen ve2-os(i6 (& -o 3un-ciu t 6 pre s( novenie ci(0ivos(i pr$spev-u F IvF . dt p0 ($6 dos( ne#e ce0-ov% do!u poci( v prie!ehu ce0ho osci0'ciou6 (& poci( e3e-( ce0ho osci0'cie po1 s &e& (rv ni 6 ( - T 0e-o6 s% (ie(o osci0'cie rovn -e& pov hy v 1 se t m op -ov nie 1 sov6 ce0-ov/ 1 s &e v 1 se t n m 1 sy (en predch'd" &%ci. O!&edn D do!e prie#ern' in(en"i( poci(u t "$s- D6 #us$#e po(o# (%(o su#u 0en s t ro"de0iD6 0e!o6 - t -o 3 -(or pri poci(e pri& (e& su#y !y s # 0o6 -o (o dop dne "d=r "niD (en(o 3 -(or. Tv r 3un-cie F I 1 F6 &e d n' (/#6 >e "'vis0osD pevnos(i -o #no>s(vo poci(u #' v/r "
nech u> &e (o6 >e s #p0i(%dy 0e!o 3re-vencie vi!r'ci$ ce0ho -#i( ni s pridru>en/#i pr hov/#i hodno( #i b ro"u#ie. A- s "'-0 dn' pr$spevopoci(6 rovn -o -o " 1 -o poci( " ro".$reni 6 -(or p (r$ do ce0e& -#i( nie &. proporcion'0ny "'vis06 #us$#e 1 pre n &. "odpoved &%ce pr hu6 b ho(6 " b n'hr d v predch'd" &%co# v"orci GF (en(o v/r " s('0e sDT #no>iD s%1e( ne-one1ne # 0% sen"'ciu po1 s (i#e prv-u dt, di "$s- D "'-0 dn sen"'ci pr$spevo-6 -(orho v/.- !ude T 0e&
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Tu6 in(en"i( poci( prv-u pop0 (-u po1 s do!y dt, & &e r/ch0osD v prie!ehu (oh(o 1 sovho prv-u6 b pr ho# (e&(o r/ch0os(i6 (o "n #en'6 >e hodno( 1 6 pri -(oro# pr$spevopoci( n s( ne 0i#i(n% hodno(u K 6 &e "vy1 &ne -on.( n(n/.
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Ten(o v"orec &e "'-0 dn/ v"orec hodno( b s n "/v &% "'-0 dn pr h. Ter#$n "'-0 dn pr hov B nie &e s( noviD s-u(o1nosD6 >e6 -eT &e
r/ch0osD & s%1 sne& do!e n hodno(u b "vy.u&e6 ( ->e v o- #ihu6 -eT poci(6 vyro!en6 -(or s n'&du v pr$0ohe n ce0% vi!r'cie6 0e i! v"ni-' prispiev 0en vy(voreniu (oh(o poci(u 6 -(or' &e pre n !$& nie v -on.(ru-cii ? A usdruc-es pre in(en"i(u ce0ho poci( -o po"i($vne6 " (i 2 1o pr$spev-y 1ni>.ie b s% dod'v n6 #us$ !yD vyrovn n -o ne< ($vne6 pre(o>e s pov >u&e " podro!ne&.ie 1os-oro. Ceden " nich !ude (ed # D v pods( (e vidieD i! # (e# (ic-/ po#ocn pre#enn6 -(or &e n &eho p 0u!e " viesD spros(red-ov nie v"D hu #ed"i e0e#en('rne ce0 nevyhnu(n n -oniec ods(r'nen'6 -o !ude vidieD. A- chce(e6 !y s vi c -o (ie(o !s(r -(n v/"n # pre (o6 !y !y # 0 !yD v hodno(e &. #usieD vidieD6 >e6 -o &e pre-ro1en'6 &e po"i($vne "is(enie vedo#i 6 -(or v. - #=>u s(%p D do v.eo!ecnho povedo#i 6 (o !e" oso!i(nho "#yse0 (vrdiD6 - nie vy..ie ne> dosi hne ur1i(e& ve2-os(iK -o !ude pre sho\6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 >e ur1i(e& ve2-os(i &e pre-ro1en'6 &e (o nevyhnu(n. ?o>no n'&de(e "'s du6 pod2 -(ore& p0 ($ pre ce0% 3un-ciu sen"'ciou &e preveden/ n "'-0 dn pr$spev-u6 nie &e ce0-o# "re&#. Rovn -o ( - &e po(re!n6 !y s d=- "y v (o#(o oh2 de (vrdenieK #=>e(e (%(o "'0e>i(osD (/#(o sp=so!o#. T$6 prevodovpon%- - >d/ pr$p d6 -o &e (o6 1o si " s0%>i !yD (es(ov n n &prvK -o s (er " vedie sp5D - n s0edu&%ce#u n 0/"y "'>i(-ov/ch v/s0ed-ov6 &e po(re!n s pos( viD s UouK -o -edy6 "'-0 dn/ princ$p (u "vo0ene& G n<es ce0-u &e (o6 !y (ie predpo-0 dy6 -(or s% nevyhnu(n pre reprodu-ciu "'>i(-ov v/s0ed-y6 !y pres-%# 0 6 n &&ednoduch.ie n &prirod"ene&.ie predpo-0 dy6 -(or s n d v.e(-y os( (n v (o#(o s#ere. V r/ch0os(i "#eny prvho r'du podp$s D s veden$# vi!r'ci$6 druhho r'du r/ch0osDou6 pod2 (oho6 -o (o s od- "u&e n "v/.enie 0e!o "n$>enie r/ch0os(i prvho r'du v d no# s#ere. Po(o#6 n h0i dni(e do .(yroch h0 vn/ch div$"i$ 0ine'rne vi!r'cie n s0edu&%ce "n -y pre n &prvLo!&edn'v D r/ch0os(i 1 druhho r'du r/ch0os(i v. #ies(oP
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pov >ov D " s-u(o1ne p0 ($6 v ( -o# pr$p de &e hodno( v r'#ci +o< ri(h#us"eichen6 ne> v s-u(o1nos(i .(vorec v - >do# pr$p de "os('v po"i($vny. Ter "6 -eT u> s#e r d.e& pripo&en/ op (reni v.e(-/ch poci(u 0o< ri(#u -ine(ic-e& ener<ie6 -o r/ch0osD6 (en(o poh2 d &e i! v s%0 de s !/v 0/#. Av. -6 (o &e 2 hos( &n6 1i s chce#e dr> D6 !y s#e s v prve& 0e!o druhe& s( novis-oK - 0en !ude#e v - >do# pr$p de ne& -o. " chov D po"i($vne6 rovn -o -o & "#eniD "n #ien-o
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reprodu-u&e. Pov hy veci "os('v v &ednoduch/ch p0och/ch vi!r'ci$ &. nevyhnu(n v prie!ehu 1 s(i -#i( nie pod pr ho# B 6 pre(o>e r/ch0osD dv -r'( nu0ou vyvo0'v v - >do# pri #o1i ro# vi!r'cie v -o0e prie!ehu ud 0os($ &e po(re!n "v/.iD 0en do ur1i(e& #iery6 !y hodno( b dosi hnuD. A- &e (er " B ne!o0 dosi hnu(/6 v d=s0ed-u (oho & o b &e ce0' hodno( &e k 0o< dt6 (/# & poci( "'-0 dn pr$spevone< ($vne. Pre(o s - >d' ( -'(o osci0'cie u" (v'r s po"i($vny#i "'porn/ch pr$spev-ov "'>i(-ov/#i 0e!o do-onc s-0 d D v/hr dne " ( -/ch6 - " d=vodu pr$0i. # 0ho 9 0e!o n 6 "'-0 dn/ pr h b i v # Oi#'0ne &. 6 (& priechod po0ohy rovnov'>ny s( v nie &e dosi hnu(. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 1 s(o v n s0edu&%ce& vi!r'ci$ !ude6 !y s -ry(6 v -(oro# a, , n s% ( -6 >e v ? Oi#o ;'-0 dn/ pr h B, 0e 0en ce" 1 &e dosi hnu(/6 - !y (en(o osci0'cie "$s- D n'"ov "'-0 dnho -#i(o1(u6 #p0i(%d osci0'cie o!do!$ osci0'cie #noh " nich6 -o "'-0 dn/ pr h respe-($ve s , , s n "/v &%. T - -o 6 0e!o k hodno(e 0e!o pre-ro1$ " 1ne po (e&(o de3in$cie6 po"i($vny poci( pr$spevo- ( - "'-0 dn pr hov' b &e pre-ro1en' !e" (oh(o !e#er-(er# Aen u> s( 1$ pod#ien-y pripo&en - vi!r 1ne& ch r -(eris(ic- poci(6 !y
vn$# (e2n6 n -(or s po v/s0ed-och n "'-0 de n 0/"y hodno(y 6 0e!o na &edin/ vy..i -o " d n' hodno( " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($ -o hodno( 0e!o /a #us$ dosi hnuD. Hodno(y a, 6 n, -(or #usi !yD dosi hnu( ( -6 !y &eho ch r -(eris(ic- poci( n pr hu v predch'd" &%co# o!vy-0ho "#ys0e6 -de s s('0e e.(e -0es0 n "'-0 dn6 -ro-6 s% (ie> -o pred(/# e 7 , 7 , s 7 odvo0'v 0 s n (o#(o pr hu pr h poci(u Irespe-($ve "vu-ov/ pr h6 sve(0o pr h6 v "'vis0os(i n poci(e o!0 s(i chF s n "/v &%. Ter " v"ni-' d=0e>i(' o('"- 6 -o ne< ($vne pr$spev-y v s%vis0os(i s po"i($vny#6 #us$ !yD vyrie.en'. Tu &e po(re!n ro"0i.ov D. Po s(r.Q7 Th ,, " 0o>en' Prin"ip6 po"i($vne 0e!o vedo# poci(y sp=so!en pre-ro1en$# pr hu ci(0ivos(i v ur1i(o# 1 se6 nie s% -o#pen"ov n ne< ($vne6 !e"vedo#ie6 -(or v"ni-0i v ino# 1 se6 - s% o!e rovn' ve2-' 1 sov' su# !y s d D6 nie &e nu0ov/ s( v poci(u s vyr'! . Poci( su# !y pre(o ne# 0 !yD po ur1i(% do!u "$s- n 0<e!r ic- s%1(o# po"i($vnych ne< ($vnych poci(ov6 -(or chc% n #ies(o (oho #use0 vy(i hnuD po1 s (e&(o do!y6 0e po"i($vny s%1e( &e n &#5 !e" (oho6 !y ne< ($vne (o#u6 !y s#e vede0i6 -o #oc poci( ni-dy n o" & # 0. To &e "re&#. ?ed"i(/#6 (o nie s%6 -o !/v 0i u> vy(vori06 dis-r(ne poci(y6 0e "o so0id ri(y spo0upr cu&%cich pr$spev-y n hodno(u6 pri -(ore& poci( ur1i(e& -v 0i(y6 v "'vis0os(i n po#eroch prispiev &%cich #o#en(ov o d=vode vere&nho vedo#i v"ni-'K (u &e u> "re&#6 >e #us$#e pri& D po"i($vny pr$nos n ne !e" "'porne n !i('K s-=r !y si preds( viD6 >e v51.$ v - >do# vi!r'ci'# s%1e( ne< ($vnych pr$spev-ov v po#ere s%1(u po"i($vne &e6 (/# #en.i &e "v0'.(ny poci( o d=vode vere&nho vedo#i v"ni-'K >e6 v.eo!ecne6 po"i($vne ne< ($vne pr$spev-y prispieD so0id ri(y pre ur1ov nie (v ru ve2-os(i pod#ieno- pripo&en/ch - vi!r 1ne& "v0'.(ny poci(6 pre(o s%1e( -0 dn/ch "'porn/ch pr$spev-y v (o#(o oh2 de nie &e n 6 0e6 0e (o prid D 0<e!ric-y n op (reni "v0'.(ne sen"'ci v/-onu #usieD. ;d' s #i6 (er " " se D >- 0e!o ne#o>n6 v (o#(o oh2 de6 nie-(or$ priori chcieD ro"hodn%D. *'s0edn vy.e(rov nie v. - d'v ro"hodnu(i v ro"s hu6 v -(oro# s 0en (' pos0edn' (u pripr ven' -o &e (o #o>n n po>i d v-u pr Oe pr$s0u.n/ch v/s0ed-ov s "$s- D 3 -(%rou. U- "u&e s 6 >e - !y s#e chce0i #er D po"i($vne ne< ($vne pr$spev-y6 0e - ponech'#e s(r nou druhe& ve2-osD6 pri -(ore& doch'd" - poci(u6 -o "v0'.(ne n vedo#ie > po s%1(e po"i($vnych pr$spev-ov6 -(or nie s% v s%0 de s pr'vny#i predpis#i s-%senos(n @e!erov #=>e !yDK -(or' &e v. - pr$p d6 -edy s#e s 0<e!r ic-/ s%1e( -0 dn/ch "'porn/ch pr$spev-ov s% re0ev n(n pre (en(o poci( pre porovn nie ve2-os(i. ;'roveU s#e "$s- 0i (/#6 >e s#e s & nech D ne< ($vne pr$spev-y v "0o>en$ poci( s podro!n/#6 e.(e &eden prvo-6 -(or/ chce(e vysve(0iD -v 0i( ($vne ro"die0y poci(. A& pre(o6 >e > do odvo0 ni 6 - nie &e po-0es ce0% E0e#en( ry v/s( v!u sen"'ci op (reni 0e!o pri& D %p0ne in/ s o!r'(iD6 -eT !ude# #=cD repre"en(ov D pod6 0<e!r ic-/ s%1e( -0 dn/ch "'porn/ch pr$spev-ov " porovn (e2n E#p3indun<s# A nevyhnu(n% MF .
MF
V (o#(o presved1en$ so#6 -eT so# ne!o0 pred op 1n/ n'"or6 prich'd" i! s novou rev$"iu (oh(o 10'n-u6 #us$ n's0edne e.(e Th ,, v. QM. o& "den v/r "6 >e s%1e( ne< ($vnych pr$spev-ov 0en -o0o !ude pre vi c presved1ivo vysve(0iD. * s0edu&%ce .(%die s o!#ed"u&e n (/ch(o .(yroch pr$p dochP 7F &ednoduch 0ine'rne osci0'cie. GF Cednoduch -ruhov vi!r'cie. MF ;0o>enie dvoch pri #o1i rych vi!r'ci$ rovn - #p0i(%dy 9 do!y -#i(ov , -(or sp d &% v rovn -o# s#ere s% sp0nen v -e&-o2ve- 3'"e. ZF "0o>enie dvoch 0ine'rnych vi!r'ci$ r="ne #p0i(%dy 9 6 9 ! 1 s -#i(ov 6 [ 0e!o 1$s0o -#i( ni n 6 n [6 0e rovn - -ine(ic-e& ener<ie6 ( -6 >e6 & -eT s 0$.i od 9 X o X6 -o &e (ed n "o n ! 6 0e (o ] & ] !n! &e.
V pr$p de6 >e nie-(or/ spHU &% #noho osci0'cie v rovn -o# o!do!$ " -#i( nie6 ( ->e 2u!ovo2n/ #p0i(%du v rovn -e& 3'"e s#eru6 >e ich nie &e po(re!n 0ie1iD n &#5 pre(o6 >e ( -(o "0o>enie &ednoduchho osci0'cie s #p0i(%dou6 -(or' s rovn' s%1(u s-0 d' #p0i(%d !e"o "#eny do!y -#i( ni 3'" s rovn' v - >do# oh2 de.
%; Uv!J1! n+)v' &o64$van5 v nas,!36"2%o/ 1!K1!. ; *#!ob!%n5 &o3/ !nk'.
in(en"i( pr$spev-u sen"'ci v 1 se6 -eT prvo- dt:

& &e r/ch0osD vi!r'ci$ v !e>no# s0ov "#ys0e Iprvho r'duF6 v 1 se6 -eT prvo- dt 6 " -(or/ch "'vis$K v r/ch0os(i druhho r'du v In dF "#ys0e uvedenK b e0e#en('rne pr h 1 0e!o v. v Ipo"ri vy..ieF "#yse0 &e uveden6 v "'vis0os(i n e0e#en('rne& sen"'ci pr$spev-u 1 0e!o v. &e pod#ienenK N N t 6 ce0-ov/ poci(6 -(or/ v prie!ehu -#i( ni (rv ni pod2 po1(u -#i(ov v prie!ehu o!do!i 6 0e!o t &e vyvinu(/6 po -(oro# s prie#ern' in(en"i( poci( v 1 se t ( -6 >e s N t u t #o>no "$s- DK
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V pr$p de -o#po"$ci "0o>en' " dvoch pri #o1i rych vi!r'ci$ do &edine& predch'd" &%ce& o"n 1enie o!och (vori cich vi!r'ci$ s vy"n 1u&% (/#6 >e s po#01-y n d6 s% po(re!n pre druh6 !e" (oho6 !y ( -'. Pre -(or &e #p0i(%d 6 G &e # Oi#'0n r/ch0osD v/s0edne& vi!r'cie6 " (i 2 1o L &e # Oi#'0n r/ch0osD n s-0 d nie vi!r'ci$. To po(o# ur1$ 6 6 X ", hodno(y v (vori cich vi!r'ci$6 v -(or/ch6 - - ni# d=&de6 &e # Oi#'0n r/ch0osD G v/s0edne& vi!r'cie pr hov &edno(-y b &e rovn 7 6 7 6 n 7 9 ! 7 , ! 7 e, n ! 7 6 hodno(y v s-0 do!n/ch osci0'cie6 v -(oro#6 - - ni# d=&de6 v ce0-u6 1o vedie - vi!r'cii vi " n6 n ch'd" pr h vn$# ni . Vo chv$2 ch6 -edy 1 s t s predpo-0 d'6 &e C 6 do! 6 -(or' up0ynu0 od " 1i (-u vi!r'ci$ !e" "dvihu6 c [6 -(or/6 -(or/ s vedie po(ru!$# od " 1i (-u vi!r'ci$6 -eT vi!r'cie n " 1i (-u - >dho 6 -(or/ s n ch'd" n rovn -e& s(r ne # Oi#'0nu ro"die0ov6 s predpo-0 d'6 pod2 -(orho 1 se t ] N. Ce -one1n/ 6 3'" o!och s-0 d' vi!r'ci$ v
po0ovicu 3'"ovho ro"die0u #ed"i dvo# osci0'ci$. 3; rovn %a &r! v br+% ! "! -!(6F1? na k1or5 n 4# !. Pre &ednoduch/ 0ine'rne vi!r'cie #' Iporov. - p. MN.F
V (o#(o pr$p de &e predvo0en' do! &e s( noven' n #ies(e6 -de 1 s(ice &e v #ed"i ch -#i( nie. Pre -ruhov osci0'cie po>i d n$6 !y
Pre "0o>enie dvoch 0ine'rnych -#i(ov #p0i(%dy , -#i( nie o!do!ie , , -(or sp d &% v rovn -o# s#ere vo 3'" ch sp0niD6 #us$
Hodno( V pre 0ine'rne vi!r'cie v's -o "0o>enie pri #o1i rych vi!r'ci$ "$s- n/ch rovnicou V ] 6 ( - pre &ednoduch/ pri #o1i ry vi!r 1n
Ce pr$p d -ruhov vi!r'cie
!; v)or%! a v.s,!3k'? k1or5 sa v'nor$ ) v'#!1rovan a. * "'-0 de predch'd" &%cich princ$pov6 .($(-ov v"orcov6 (T6 " predpo-0 du6 >e r/ch0osD prvho r'du 1 &e su!s(i(uov n/ v e0e#en('rne& v"orc ZF 6 prie(o- v n s0edu&%co# odvodenie (/ch(o v"orcov v/s0ed-ovP 7F Pre &ednoduch' 0ine'rne vi!r'cie #' I7F IGF IMF Pre &ednoduch -ruhov vi!r'cieP IZF IRF IQF
Pre -o#po"$ci "0o>en' " dvoch pri #o1i rych vi!r'ci$6 -(or sp d &% do rovn -ho s#eru6 v -(oro# nie0en & ] n X6 0e (ie> n &#5 v ] 6 n ] n [6 v -(ore& &e po0ovic 3'"ovho ro"die0u6 -eT s s(re(n%6 D &e P ISF I8F I9F
ZF
V/s0edo- su!s(i(%ci v. #o>no n'&sD odvodenie rovn - pre &ednoduch pri #o1i re vi!r'cie n -onci %se-u Ipo"ri ni>.ieF Pre "0o>enie dvoch 0ine'rnych vi!r'ci$6 sp d &% v rovn -o# s#ere6 v -(oro# = Kn ", 0e (/#6 9 ! n o n " &e in/6 (o !e" oh2 du n -on-r(ne 3'"ovho ro"die0u n " s dnu($P I7NF I77F I7GF V porovn n$ s ? A usdrYc-e n .0i .(yroch s-%# n/ch pr$p doch &e d=0e>i( # D n p #5(i6 >e b &e !so0%(n 6 (o nie0en s 6 6 n 6 0e "'vis$ & n ne"'vis0 hodno(y -riv-y6 " (i 2 1o -o e 7 n 7 chv$2u o k "'vis$ ne"'vis06 0e " -riv-y. A- PRETO hodno( ve2-osD poci( N t n ur1i( 9 n # &% - porovn'n$ pre r="ne druhy vi!r'ci$6
&e (re! pou>iD i! v"orce6 v -(oro# o-re# K, T, i! 6 n, b &e pri& (/K Av. -6 v"orce6 v -(oro# 7 n 7 dos( 0 0en s0%>iD6 hodno( ve2-os(i poci(u #odi3i-ov n hodno(y n - porovn n$ s rovn -/# prie!eho#. GF Vo v.e(-/ch s-%# n/ch pr$p dov #o>no n'&sD v IMF6 IQF6 I9F I7GF s-%senos(n/ po(re!n vy& drenie poci(u op (reni 6 n -(or/ch s dis-usie MN. - pi(o0y vied0 6 "novu6 - &edenN t u t ro"de0en/ 6 0e!o t ] 7 s( novu&e6 v"i D do %v hy6 >e k, v (e&(o - pi(o0e dv -r'( hodno(u v ) pe. MN #'. Tu6 n @e!erVv "'-on vo v"D hu - 9 n co#pens !i0i(y " 9 od n" hrnu( v n'so!-u prero-ov n/ "#yse0 s #o o se!e. MF V/r " pre periodic- prvo- s(upnice (Enu &e uveden v d n/ch v"or-'ch " I- p. MNF6 v pods( (e nie &e vidieD6 0e vys-y(u&e v s-or.o# sp=so!o# uveden/# v odvodenie ? A usdruc-es pre se! .
ZF V n dv5"nos(i n s( noven/ v/"n # I( ->e &e dosi hnu(F6 e0e#en('rne pr h v &ednoducho# pri #o1i ro# vi!r'cie6 -eT na hodno(u neprev" 0 v/ro!-y vyp0/v &%cich " n'.ho - 0-u0 1nho v"orc IGF &e dosi hnu(/ pr h ci(0ivos(i6 (& N t "#i"ne6 - & hodno(e G predpo-0 d'6 diL - 3re-venci vi!r'ci$ s%1 sne "v/.en/# &ednu o-('vu. d=vodu n pu1 ni 7 6 7 6 7 - se!e. RF Pri -ruhov -#i( nie hodno(y pr hove& ci(0ivos(i -0esne na 7 6 7 6 n 7 6 s "
QF Po porovn n$ v/r "u pre 0ine'rne -ruhov vi!r'cie Iuv >ov n vy..ie po"n'#-u "F "odpoved' sen"'ci v/s0edo- -ruhov osci0'cie &eho ve2-os(i v "'vis0os(i n pri #o1i ro# -#i( ni rovn -e& #p0i(%dy dvo& -/ 3re-vencie vi!r'ci$ 0e!o rovn -e& 3re-vencii vi!r'ci$ dvo&i(ou #p0i(%dou v s%0 de K 0e (o ide do ? A usdruc- pre -ruhov vi!r'cie nie &e "'vis0' n hodno(e periodici(y6 (o &e po(o# nie &e !0$"-os(i rovn -% -v 0i(u vne#ov. Po (o#(o !ude(e & "vu-ov vi!r'cie si ne#ys0$#6 >e vn%(orne spo&en' s or!i('0ne -#i(ov6 rovn -o -o v s-u(o1nos(i &edno(n/# -ruhov/# pohy!o# nie &e nie1o6 1o 1 s vy#ed"en'. SF ; (/ch(o dvoch pr$p dov6 "0o>enie dvoch 0ine'rnych vi!r'ci$6 -(or s% !r n do %v hy6 v -(oro# sa a!n = !, s "d' !yD prv/6 s%1 sne -de ] ! n ] n , 0en "v0'.(ny pr$p d se-undu !yD ( #6 -de !y X6 n o n " pre(o o [s ne& -o n s( viD r="ne6 v.eo!ecnosD druho# pr$p de s "d'6 >e !y !o0o #o>n (en(o ro"die0 ( - # 0/6 -o &e po> dov n6 !y (ie> n s( viD n nu0u6 - nie &e "re&#6 pre1o 3'"ov/ ro"die0 #=>e "$s- D dr> D v prvo# .peci'0no# pr$p de6 -eT ne!ude prich'd" D do %v hy v druho# v.eo!ecne. V -on(r s(e6 poh2 d n I( -F6 >e v"orce pre prv/ pr$p d nie &e n o" & pre druh/ "n #ien-o rovnos(i ", n n ! &e odvodi(e2n'K -o vo v"or-'ch pre prv/ pr$p d po0ovici 3'"ovho ro"die0u &e D 6 nevs(upu&e do v"orcov pre druh/ch6 - ve"#e#e do %v hy v"orc prvho pr$p du pre cos D = 76 -de o! & s-0 d nie vi!r'cie vo 3'"e n'hod 6 >e #' &eden
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Pod2 v"orcov prv/. T - (o#u &e pr vd 6 psycho0o<ic- v/s0ed-o# "0o>enie &eho ve2-osD po#ocou &ednoduchho osci0'cie s dohodou6 -(orho osci0 1n v/ro!oG sa !yD6 v s%0 de s (/#i druh' s &ednoduch/# -#i( ni 6 -#i( nie produ-( i! na s( (. Ro"por v (o#(o (eO(e 6 0e "d' s 6 >e &e i! "d n0iv/. V s-u(o1nos(i6 &e po(re!n v"i D do %v hy6 >e pod#ien-y s( noven pre druh/ -o#po"i(n/ pr$p dov/ch v"orcov6 0e vy> du&% vo svo&e& druhe& vere&nos(i pri ich n's0edn odvodenie6 >e 3'"ov/ ro"die0 in(er3eru&%cich osci0'ciou nie &e -on.( n(n'6
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Tu6 B hodno(u druhho r'du s d"ie! v. 6 pri -(ore& doch'd" - pr$spev-u poci(6 pr h6 - &e 6 , 6 #p0i(%d 6 (rv nie vi!r'cie vi!r 1n 3re-vencie ur1iD vi!r'cie6 -de v presi hne hodno(u n # Oi#u#6 #'#e n "n$>enie vo vy..ie uvedeno# vy& dren$ v: b ] K T 0e&
-; Ja,# ! v#!ob!%n5 2vah'. V (o#(o oh2 de s pr'vne v"D hy #ed"i (e0o# du.ou s ur1u&e pod2 predch'd" &%cich v"orcov v/s0ed-y6 -(or s% v "'s de od- "u&% n poci(y !e"pros(redne s%visi cich6 (& psychoL3y"ic- pohy!y6 -eT !y von- &.ie psycho3y"i-y dosi 2 s-=r vo vn%(orne& 1 s(i. A0e oni s% " 0o>en pri #o n s-%senos(i6 -(or p (ri do von- &.$ch psychophysics6 " predpo-0 du6 >e e0e#en('rne v"orec6 n -(oro# "'vis$6 0en pre-0 d #er nie v"orc 6 -(or/ !o0 "$s- n/ vo von- &.$ch psychophysics6 &e v "'-0 dne& .-o0e #=>u n ri diD pro! 1n/ i! von- &.ie h2 d D psycho3y"i-y6 (& ich porovn n$# s von- &.$#i pohy!#i6 -(or s% vn%(orn n d.en/6 pre(o>e #y s #i ne#=>e#e po"orov D pri #o vn%(orn6 po -(oro# (o -o &eden " prechodu 0e!o Ver#i((e0un<s<0ieder #ed"i von- &.$#i vn%(orn/#i psychophysics n -onci (e&(o h0 vne& 1 s(i !/v 0' s% pos-y(ov n. A pri #e v"orce pro! 1ne& v/s0ed-y6 -(or v pods( (e (/- &% vn%(orn/ch pohy!ov von- &.$ch pohy!ov6 0e #o>no o1 -'v D6 h2 d 0 i! n "'-0 de s #o"re&#e6 -o dohodu #ed"i dvo# pohy!#i pre!ieh &%. Vy.e(rov nie6 do -e& #iery pri #e& corro!or !i0i(y eOis(u&e6 pre(o !y #oho0 !yD " dvo&i(e& h2 dis- . ; predpo-0 du6 >e vn%(orn von- &.ie pohy!y odpoved D per s 6 -o !y s vy.e(rov nie ni1 in6 -o .e(renie6 1i predch'd" &%ce v"orce n's0edne "'s dy6 " -(or/ch s% odvoden6 s% v=!ec 0e<i($#ne. Pre - oni ro!i ( -6 >e !y s v.e(-y v"D hy #ed"i poci(o# hnu(i 6 -(or vyp0/v &% " predch'd" &%cich v"orcov6 po(vrd"u&% u> vo v"D hu poci(u n von- &.$ch pohy!ov6 ( #6 -de (o nie &e ( -6 >e !y 3 0o. v"orcov princ$pov 6 " -(or/ch pr%di " 0o>en'. ; predpo-0 du6 >e p0 (nosD (/ch(o v"orcov " is(en/ch "'s d6 0e (o !y !o0o vy.e(rov nie6 do -e& #iery -ore0'cie #ed"i von- &.$#i vn%(orn/#i pohy!#i pre!ieh . Ter "6 prv' pod#ien- predn #o>no " d D 0en do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 s% s( (uier(. EOci('ci "#ys0ov/ch or<'nov pod2 podne(ov6 s -(or/#i #'#e 1o do 1ineni (u doch'd" v r'#ci v.eo!ecnho h2 dis- 6 >e osci0 1n/ pohy! v #di'ch von- &.ieho sve( sp=so!u&e prop <'ciou v #di'ch vn%(orn/ch pohy!ov sve(e6 -(or/ "vere&n$#e n &pr vdepodo!ne&.ou s( v s'# vo 3or#e #ys0ieD n vi!r 1n/ch pohy!ov. Tu s% vi!r 1n pohy!y v #di'ch von- &.$ sve(6 ne> s dos( n% n s(redne& nervovho sys(#u L 0e pred (/#6 ne> s% e#piric-y schopn$ pre!udiD poci( L & s(redne& von- &.$ch "#ys0ov preni-n%D. T - "'vis$ n v.eo!ecn "'-ony pohy!u6 pov h vi!r 1n/ch pohy!ov6 -(or vyvo0'v v #diu6 (/#6 >e vi!r'cie " druhho n r s(0iny ( #6 & -eT pov h pre!udenie s AB6 "odpoved' v nie-(or/ch pr$p doch & ve2#i op (rn/ o (o#6 -o 3 -(y preu-'" D pod#ien-y re"on ncie6 0e nie &e s'#6 pre(o>e v ro"pore6 #' pov hu #di'6 pod
-(orho s(redn' e3e-( n -(or o"n'#enie &e vp0yv (o. Vie#e6 >e pov hu pod#ien-y o-o0o v"ru.enie " n .ich sen"oric-/ch nervov v >i dno# pr$p de dos( (o1n6 !y a priori poved D6 -o v (o#(o pr$p de r di eOci( 1n/ch hnu(i po ce0o# sve(e s #us$ spr'v DK 0e (o2-o vie#e6 >e pod#ien-y s% "0o>i(e&.ie ne> v n &&ednoduch.$ch pr$p doch6 re"on ncie vo von- &.o# sve(eK do-onc s n &do-on 0e&.$ re"on ncie vo von- &.o# sve(e6 0e (v r #p0i(%d vi!r'ci$ pren'. n/ch "os('v v prech'd" &%co# #no>s(vo vi!r'ci$ nie &e (o is(6 0e v -on-r(nych pod#ien- ch re"onu&%ce sys(#u prenosov ces(e &u ovp0yvni0. T ->e n prv% pod#ien-u ne#=>e !yD " 0o>en 0en. ; druhe& s(r ny6 0e & princ$py6 " -(or/ch predch'd" &%ce v"orce v/s0ed-y s% odvoden6 (o ( -6 >e a priori, >e nepodporu&% !edYr3(en s-%senos($6 -(or/ &e (er "6 0e i! s pre1 spo0u s von- &.$#i pohy!#i " predpo-0 du6 >e s -ore.pondenci ?=>e(e vyhr D vn%(orn. *e#o>no poprieD6 >e (o #' " n's0edo- so0id'rnu o!(i >nos(i " !e"pe1enie n .ich princ$pov s( novenie po#eru von- &.$ch vn%(orn/ch pohy!ov s%1 sne v"ni-ne6 -(or/ ne!ude pre-on D %p0ne n prv/ po-us. *ie 0od$ n v.e(-/ch psychophysics s v51.$#i pro!0# #i -o 3y"i-y6 ( - !y dr> 0i v>dy rovn -/ -ro- s Uou. A0e (ie> ver$#6 >e 1e0$#e pro(i s%1 sne& D >-os(i. S-%# 6 n &prv6 1i s-%senosD #=>e n von- &.$ch pohy!ov6 v/s0ed-y6 (/- &%ce s vn%(orn/ch hnu(i 6 (eErie6 -(or do(er " 0en s oh2 do# n ve2#i &ednoduch/ch pr$p doch Iv predch'd" &%cich v"orcovF s nech &% s (rochu Rovn -/ druh d r1e-ov6 -(or prin'. h0 sy (eErie pr Oe ne#o>no dosD do!re pov >ov D " n'hodu. Tu n'&de(e (o6 -o so# presved1en/6 >e s n ch'd" v o!0 s(i (Eny6 &eden n'&de v rovn -% do!u6 >e (o6 1o 10ove-. Po 3y"i-'0nych 3y"io0o<ic-/ch pod#ieno- prevod von- &.$ch pohy!ov po"n' "vn%(r 6 "hodu von- &.$ch vn%(orn/ch hnu(ie (u v ro"s hu6 v -(oro# &e pohod0ne&.ie6 pre(o>e &e "odpoved &%c predpo-0 d' po(vrdiD (eEriu6 ver$#6 >e s & (u n .ie06 #' s " (o6 >e presnosD TeEri -ore.pondenci " von- &.$ch vn%(orn/ch hnu(i pod2 svo&ich v"D hoch s%1 sne od=vodnen -o nevyhnu(n (er " preh2 d'v -(or ro".$renie 0e!o ved2 &.ie us( noveni !uT (eErie6 0e!o -(or6 pod2 o-o0nos($ #o>n 0e!o pr vdepodo!n ro"die0ov #ed"i -ore.pondencie von- &.$ch vn%(orn/ch pohy!ov n pr$p dy6 -eT &e ( -' !e"pros(redn' "hod #ed"i v/s0ed- #i (eErie pr Oe6 -(or/ &e schopn/ po-ryD. Ceden s do#niev 6 -one1ne6 1i T 0.ie (eErie vo v.e(-/ch (/ch(o oh2 doch &e "odpoved &%ci# sp=so!o#6 0e!o pres( ne 3un<ov D ( -6 -o &e uveden. T ->e s(e si6 1i #=>e "v/.iD (%(o pr vdepodo!nosD do ( -e& #iery6 nie ce0-o# is(6 0e n &vi c pr vdepodo!n &e (o #o>n psycho#o(oric- (eErie "'roveU "$s- D poh2 d n v"D h von- &.$ch vn%(orn/ch hnu(i po-r 1u&%ce s-%.-y vo v.e(-/ch s#eroch6 -(or/ " nich &e is(o( e-viv 0en( . A& (er " ;d' s v. - s%0 d (eErie s (/#6 1o n'&de#e v Ton<e!ie(e6 dosD ve2-/6 !y pre!udiD " !/v 0ho spe-(y d=very pre "'-0 dn !ody (eErie6 vo0 D po odch/0o-6 -(or preds( vu&e po0e 3 rie! #ed"i (eEriou s-%senos($6 !y vy.e(rov nie " druhho poh2 du n 6 (o n &#56 odch/0-y 3 rie! od pr'v @e!er ITH 7SRF "'-on He0#ho0(" IVo0 ,,6 s 7SQF6 s n . po"ornosD. , s !ude ro".irov D v n s0edu&%ce&
- pi(o0e. Bod6 0e chce#6 !y (u dis-u(ov 0i. aine(ic-' ener6 v s%0 de s pr vid0 #i odvod"ov c$ch "ir-u05rsch\in<ender 0%1 " #p0i(%dy &ednho <er d0ini<sch\in<enden #p0i(%dy "n'"ornen n & su.V s%0 de s n .ou vy..ie uvedenho v.eo!ecnho v"orc Iv"orec 7 ZF6 0e poci( e3e-( -ruhov vi!r'cie n #p0i(%de 9 s rovn' poci( %1in-y pri #o1i ry nie &e n #p0i(%de 6 0e #p0i(%d G a K #=>e n v.e(-y s rovn -/# -ine(ic-e& ener<ie -#i(ov r="nych ve2-os($ poci( %1in-y6 v "'vis0os(i n r="nych (v ru -#i(ov v"ni-n%D6 v. -6 (o n (o2-o6 do(er " "n'#e6 >e # &% rovn -% >ivo(n% si0u 2 h-/ch vi!r'ci$ v rovn -% do!u r="ne 3or#y pos-y(ov ne& rovn -/ vne# %1ino-.
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To(o #o>no n'&sD pri -ine(ic-' enere S. G7G hodn=(. T -(o "$s- n pre 0ine'rne vi!r'cie 6 pre -ruhov .
PoT#e n &prv - "#ene (eErie6 -(or #=>u !yD po(re!n "v/.iD (en(o pro!0# #=>e !yD6 -o !y #oh0 !yD6 v.eo!ecne poved n6 si si #ys0e06 >e predpo-0 dy6 n -(or/ch (eErie v -on.(ru-cii sen"'ci %1in-u pri #ych -ruhov/ch osci0'ciou vych'd" n &#56 presved1iD v ro"s hu6 v -(oro# !y s 6 >e pre - >d/ (voriD spr'vny A!!5n<i<-ei(sverh50(nis " n vy.ie06 0en &ednu " pod#ieno- !y !o0o spr'vne6 -(or/ &e nevyhnu(n/ pre spo&enie dvoch e3e-(ov. V s-u(o1nos(i (o6 >e si vy> du&e ur1i( pod#ien-yK (o &e6 !y %1ino- r="nych (v rov -#i(ov s ich v"D hu - s( vu6 !o0o "is(en6 >e poci( r/ch0os(i "'vis0 rovn -/# sp=so!o# -o v rovn -o# s#ere -on.( n(n/6 !y v pries(ore6 rovn -o -o v pri #o1i rych vi!r'ci$6 0e!o ich s#er s pos(upne #en$6 -o &e v -ruhove& vi!r'cie. Ten(o s( v &e nie0en n &&ednoduch.ie6 0e "d' s #i & (er " s n &v51.ou pr vdepodo!nosDou6 s ne!erie -o os( (ne pri v/po1(e -ine(ic-e& ener<ie -#i(ov po"#enene& s#ere rovn - %v hy6 0e nie &e "re&#6 s # o se!e6 - spo&enie 3 -(y !y # 0 !yD T 0.i preh0i d- po(re!n pos( 1u&%ce6 !o0o !y (o uro!iD.+en #us$# pri"n D6 >e (o nie &e %spe.n' pre #U 6 -o "u3inden6 -(or/ "'roveU r cion'0ne 3 -(y s "d &% sp=so!o#K pr've ( - #'0o6 #=>e# vydr> D o su!s(i(%ciu V pre &. vyhr D nie1oK #ys0$#6 >e pr vdepodo!nosD6 >e odch/0- #ed"i (eEriou eOperi#en(o#6 nie &e v d=s0ed-u (eErie ch/!6 0e nedos( (o- -ore.pondencie #ed"i (v ro# von- &.ie vn%(orn pohy! (u. V s-u(o1nos(i neeOis(u&e >i dny 3y"i-'0ne 0e!o 3y"io0o<ic- princ$p6 -(or/ n's v>dy " ru1en' v - >do# pr$p de ne"#enen/ prenos -riv-y " eO(eriru do in(eriruK (ie> v od(ieUoch ne!ude -cep(ov D. T - vid$#e prie!eh n " #e( nie hus0e 0%- v >i dno# pr$p de !e" "#eny s pre#ie( &% do "odpoved &%ce& &edne& " vi!ru&%ceho
reD "c K reD "ec !y s (u u> v pohy!e6 ( ->e n r "$ n pri #o1i ry vi!r'cie i! v &edino# pr$p de6 >e !y op5D vyr'! D 0ine'rne vi!r'cie v rovn -o# s#ere6 -o &e s#er pohy!u reD "ec s vi!r'ci$ s "hodu&%K in - pohy! !y vo v.eo!ecnos(i e0ip(ic-6 0e!o -ruhov6 0e!o pri #o so "#enenou s#ero#. * .e nervy6 predov.e(-/# "r -ov/ nerv6 0e u> !e" von- &.ie podne(y ur1i(/# sp=so!o# 3un<u&e ro"s hu pohy!u&%ceho s reD "c porovn (e2n. T - (ie> pre!udi0 sve(0 pohy!o# s(i#u0 1n #=>u i! !5ndernd " s hov D do u> eOis(u&%cich. Ter "6 -eT -ruhovo po0 ri"ov n sve(0o s #p0i(%dou a rovn -ou %1innosDou vo vn$# n$ sve(0 &e vy& dren' -o pri #- po0 ri"ov n n #p0i(%de , ( -6 -o s% vo svo&o# poh2 de ni1 in -o rovn -/ vy& dru&e por d$ ve2-os(i e-viv 0en(n' 3y"i-'0ny podne(6 po-i 2 ide o vyvo0 nie (/ch druh vn%(orn/ch pohy!ov6 n -(or/ch vn$# nie sve(0 &e v d=s0ed-uK v - >do# pr$p de6 - 0%1e # &% r="ne prie!ehy ru.enie "'-onov rovn -/# %1in-o#6 ('(o rovnocennosD p0 ($ 0en pre 3y"ic- i#pu0"u6 -(or/ nerv produ-ov D svo&e v0 s(n podivn 3or#y pohy!u pri&$# 6 !e" (oho !y (o poved 06 >e (ie(o 3or#y6 po -(ore& s v"ru.u&%ce 0%1 s#eru&e. Ten(o predpo-0 d &e dosD po-ryD v.e(-y v ri n(y6 -(or !y #oh0i !yD n'&den nie-de #ed"i v/s0ed- #i n .ich princ$pov (ie " ru.eni v"orcov. ; (o6 >e so# s o!r'(iD n nie-(or/ch in/ch #ies( ch v.eo!ecnho v/"n #u. Po vs(upe poor n' dis-usie6 av n(i( ($vne poci( n dv5"u&e n -v n(i( ($vne6 -(or' n od- " sp=so!o# "'vis$ n -v 0i(e poci(. V (e&(o s%vis0os(i6 &e (er " v (o#(o od- "e o('"- 6 1i s0edov D rovn - 0e!o r="ne o- #ihy pohy!u6 v s%0 de s (/#6 1o "'-ony s ri di6 1o v "'vis0os(i n 1 se6 s "d' !yD D >-6 !y s 6 >e s pred0o>$ poci( r do# o- #ihov6 nie s% " hrnu( v s%1 sne& do!e uchov'v ovp0yvnen/6 0e #=>e sp dn%D 0en vi!r 1n o- #ih v 1 se v pr$(o#no# o- #ihu. Ten(o pro!0# #=>e (er " !yD 0en pro!0# preds( vivos(i &e pre-on n/ ne#o>nos(i vy-on D -v 0i(u poci(ov &edno(0iv/ch #o#en(ov pohy!u "'vis0/ch. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 (/#(o !y ni s('0osD poci( v prie!ehu -#i( nie6 -de pre "#enu o- #ihy pohy!u neus('0e6 0e r="ne poci(y6 " predpo-0 du6 >e v.e(-y pohy!y6 0e o!s hu&% podo!n/ pohy!6 0en v o- #ihoch od0i.n/# "0o>en$# #=>e vysve(0iD. *esporn6 >e "#yse0 eOis(encie s #o(ne& &e psychophysic 00y " 0o>en' ur1i(e& se-venciu o- #ihov6 0e!o "hgU du.u v (o#(o poci( 3y"ic-e& 1 sov r dy spo0u s%vis$ s (/#6 poci(o# o- #ihu e.(e re 0L(i#e #o#en(y. Du. #=>e poved D sp0nen' v=!ec s ich pr'cou6 1 su6 -o (e0 po#ocou ro".$reni pries(oruK 0e!o psychoL3y"ic-y6 (v r ve2-osD 1innos(i du.e &e spo&ov ciu 3un-ciu6 1o s de&e v po se!e n s0edu&%cich 1 sov/ch prv-ov6 -o &e (v r ve2-osD (e0 &e spo&ov ciu 3un-ciu6 1o s dos( ne do pries(oru &uO( ponier(e prv-ovK (o &e6 po-i 2 ide o predH>enie 0eho(y v s #o(no# ni16 1o !y !r'ni0o &e& psychischersei(s (en(o n 0E<6 -o vyrie.iD pries(or physischersei(s. V s-u(o1nos(i6 v.e(-o s pos(upne spo& v n .ich #ys0i ch v &edno(e vedo#i 6 -(or #=>u !yD v >i dno# pr$p de "'visieD n &edno(0iv/ch #o#en(ov6 0e -o nevyhnu(n prepo&enie 3un-cie6 1o sp d' do dedi1s-ho -on ni (re! pov >ov D. A0e #us$ (o !yD povo0en' pre ce0% &edno(-u vedo#ie ce" ce0/ >ivo(6 ( ->e ni1 ne!r'ni6 s-=r &e (o 0en 0o<ic-6 >e (o pripus(iD pre sens (ion &edno(-y v #en.$ch %se-ov 1 su6 ne"'0e>$ n (o#6 >e ne#=>e#e ro!iD n'# (o v n'"ore6 & sne
pre(o>e #y.0ien- s # o se!e u> predpo-0 d' "!ier-u nie-o2-/ch o- #ihov6 !y s ro"-0 d &% vn$# D ich "0o>enie sp=so!o#. A- chce(e6 ( - #=>e(e poved DP - >d/ #o#en( vi!r'ci$ opus($ poLe3e-( v du.i6 nech &(e si "o!r "iD v.e(-y o- #ihy6 -o poLe3e-(6 vy(v'r -o#po"i(n/ 3(ere33ec(6 -(or/ d'v poci(.,! &eden hovor$6 >e po(o#6 in/#i s0ov #i i! 0en rovn - -o (o6 1o hovor$#e6 -eT hovor$#e6 >e du. s %1in-o# s%1 sn/ch chv$2 ch "'roveU "hrn%D s-=rK Av. -6 #=>e (o !yD vhodne&.ie pre ur1i( o! vy6 pov he du.e6 &eden -o druh/ v/r " pou>$v D6 1o neh'd &(e s . ?ed"i(/#6 #=>e(e (ie> !yD n -0onen' n hr diD predch'd" &%ce von- &.$ch o-o0nos($6 n druhe&6 0e (o &e v ro"pore so pripo&iD #=& n'"or6 pre(o !y (o(o spo&enie vyvo0'v D >-os(i6 -(or !y "os( D6 - s(e chce0i "os( D n predch'd" &%cu s'#6 0e in$ pr vdepodo!ne v51.ie D >-os(i !y preds( viD6 - !y s(e chce0i n hr diD (o is(. * . du. nie &e spo&en' i! pos(upn6 0e & s%1 sne6 - v ino# "#ys0e u>. V.e(-o 3un<u&e v n .ich psycho sys(#ov s%1 sne - vy(voreniu & vov vedo#i 6 (o &e !e"pochy!y s-ve0 spo&enie pohy!ov &e rovn -o do!r/ #en('0ne &edno(n/ v/s0edn/ vedo#ie6 -o 1 sov/ s0ed (/ch(o pohy!ov6 v.e(-y o- #ihy6 -(or r " po1 s o!do!i osci0'cie 1 s(ice pos(upne s vys-y(u&% v nervu 0e!o #o"<u6 s vys-y(u&% v ce0e& dH>-e s "v0nenie v rovn -e& do!e po1e( v"ni- &%cich vo 1 s($c Undu0 (ions05n<e prispieD v so0id ri(e s6 d D poci(6 pre(o>e ich v/-on6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i nie &e #o>n od0$.iD. Po (o#(o >e0e"ni1ne& D >-os(i6 -(or eOis(u&e n #y.0ien-e od=vodniD v"ni- poci(u ur1i(ho "n -u n "0o>enie po se!e n s0edu&%cich o- #ihov6 &ednoducho (/#6 >e &e #o>n "dvihn%D6 >e s-=r -o po se!e6 n "'-0 de6 >e (ieLin6 " predpo-0 du6 >e6 -(or 1o v51.in 1 s($c do.0o v rovn -o# 1 se6 "odpoved' (o#u6 1o rovn - 1 s(ice pos(upne "is(i06 0en (o6 >e &e ( # v pries(ore6 (u vy0o>en/ v 1 se. Pre(o !y s#e rovn - v"orce6 -(or s#e n .0i ce" 1 sov su#'ci 6 #us$ n'&sD po#ocou pries(orovho "hrnu(ie. ; (i 2 (u n &prv po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e po v5"!e n pos(upn6 0e "os('v v &edno(no# s-u(o1nos(i vedo#i 6 (ieLin &e #o>n i! so0id ri( do %v hy (o(o spo&enie #ed"i po se!e preds( vu&% ce0/ du.evn/ >ivo(6 nie &e d=vod pre spe"i 0en & vy vedo#i 0en s s( r D o prepo&en$ Si#u0('nne do %v hy. O-re# (oho6 >e p0n' n'hr d n's0edn/ch o- #ihov pohy!u !y e.(e !o0o #o>n 0en pros(redn$c(vo# si#u0('nne pr$sne v n .o# pr$p de6 - !y s d 0o #ys0ieD i"! 6 rovn -o -o neus('0e p0neni vec -o 1 s(ice # &%ce svo&e pohy!ov spHU 1 s. A0e eO -(n' ved #' do!r/ d=vod6 pre1o d D prednosD n 0y(ic-/ n'"or6 >e (o nie &e #o>n6 >e v s-u(o1nos(i rovn - s(re(nu(ie v dH>-e &ednho e.(e (o2-o "v0nenie v.e(-y s( vy pohy!u6 -(or s vys-y(u&% pos(upne v prie!ehu -#i( ni rovn - 1 s(ice6 -edy u> #=>u 0e> D ( !0$"-o se! 6 >e si #=>e(e #ys0ieD6 &e n hr den' -on(inui(ou dis-on(inui(y pre pri!0i>n/ v/po1e(. A0e "d' s #i ve2#i nepr$&e#n vysve(0iD "'-0 dn po&#y (/- &%ce s pri!0$>eni 6 - 0e -on'h0e -ruhov/ 3un-cie o!s hu&e presn/ v/r " pre pohy!6 n s0edov n/ poci(o# p0i-'cii n -ruhu6 >e v s-u(o1nos(i n hr den do-onc ( - ve2- -one1nho po1(u nespo&i(/ch !odov chc% (o6 1o (en(o n'"or !y "n #en 0o. Bo chce# poved D &e6 >e - spo&i(' 3un-ci s pr$sny# v/r "o# pre pohy!
v o('"-e ude0en6 (en(o spo&i( 3un-cie pre"en(u&e n - >de& 1 s(ice v 1 sovo# prie!ehu6 &eden (ie> v "'s de pos-y(n%D s0edov nie n'vrh "'-on &e6 nie (/#6 preru.ov n/ v pries(ore pre n hr di06 >e 10ove- #us$ pre(o v"i D 1 s s%1e( pre - >d% 1 s(icu6 -o (o#u !o0o u n's6 0e ( - 1 s(o6 !y s (en(o 1 s6 ce0-ov -($v 6 -o s% osci0u&%c 1 s(ice rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 -(or prispiev &% spo0o1ne nero"die0ne s rovn -/# poci(o#6 >e &e6 s #us$ n'so!iD po1e( 1 s($c6 pre(o>e -eT s% 1 s(ice rovno#erne ce" pries(or N ro".$ren6 (ed 1$s0o pod2 rovn -e& proporcion'0ny6 (o vy&de6 n #ies(o &ednoduchho 1 su s%1e( N t o!do!ie s%1(u N ts " veden/6 v n .ich v"or-'ch #ies(o 3 -(or t Lch'p D v (o#(o "#ys0e6 3 -(or st p0 (iD. Pod2 (oh(o poh2 du6 in(en"i( poci(u "'vis$ v pods( (e s po1(o# prispiev &%cich 1 s($c "6 (o #=>e # D v51.iu #p0i(%du vi!r'ci$ pod2 v51.ieho po1(u 1 s($c6 -(or osci0u&% s #en.ou #p0i(%dou6 -(or/ s #' n hr diDK 6 A-o & s oh2 do# n <enerov nie o!&e-($vne& 3y"ic-e& in(en"i(y "vu-u si0n/ "ne&%ci n's(ro& #=>e !yD n hr den/ v51.inou s0 ! o"vu1enie rovn -e& pov hy6 (o & 0en o ( - si0n "vu-y &eden chorho ve2-/ "von n nevidi(e2ne # 0 pohy!y svo&ich 1 s($c6 pre(o>e ve2#i ve2 1 s($c (e&(o pohy! us-u(o1niD. V (o# spo1$v !e"pochy!y &edn/# " n &d=0e>i(e&.$ch pros(ried-ov6 -o priviesD sp5D nevidi(e2n # 0 pohy!y v n .ich nervov #o"<u6 0e vyso-ou %rovUou psycho0o<ic-/ch s0u>ie!. ae!y 0en *erven(ei0chen s vr'(i0 dovn%(r 6 ( - (o !y ne!o0o spochy!nen6 ho&d 1- v o!rovs-e& #p0i(%dy reprodu-ov D "vu- "vonu v rovn -e& si0e6 v -(oro# s#e ho po1uD hneT6 0e -o !y s " -ho-o2veG0oc-en(ei0chen s'#6 # 0 !y ud'v D (En v rovn -e& si0e6 -o (o d'v ce0/ "von. ;d' s 6 >e "'"r -6 >e nepo"orov ne # 0 v/-yvy v n .ich nervoch -o de0' hro#u6 vy(ie !%r- 6 (T v n .e& du.i #=>e "novu "nieD. To 1i s(o1ne vysve(2u&e s'#6 do (e& #iery6 vysve(0enie &e (u v=!ec #o>n6 "o s-u(o1nos(i6 >e %1ino- osci0 1nho *erven(ei0chen pre poci( nie &eden6 .(vorec v"di 0enos(i od n's recipro1n 3 -(or &e os0 !en'6 pre(o>e oni s% v >i dno# v"di 0enos(i od n's6 0e vn$# &%ce su!&e-(y p (ri - se!e. *ie-edy v. - #=>e !yD (ie> vysve(0en/ "o s-u(o1nos(i6 >e eOis(u&e ve2 1 s($c6 -(or prispiev &% - rovn -#u poci(u v/-onu. Ter " &e #o>n s p/( D6 1i poci( ve2-osD ni>.iu Au3\ nd 3y"i-'0nych 1ini(e2ov6 (&6 ni>.ie >ivo(n si0y6 #=>e !yD "v/.en' n d no# s(upni6 v pr$p de6 >e po1e( vi!r 1n/ch 1 s($c6 0e!o - &eden "vy.u&e #p0i(%du. V (o#(o oh2 de6 rovn -o -o rovn - v"orce &e ro"hodu&%ce6 -(or s% vyv$& n v - pi(o0e G76 po-i 2 ide o dis(ri!%ciu -oncen(r'ciu sen"'ci podne(u n vi c 1i #ene& !odov ro".irov n$# sen"'ci podne(o# - v51.ie#u po1(u !odov sen(ien(n$ or<'nu s #o(nho pros(e ni1 vi c ne> v51.ieho po1(u poci( prispiev D psychoL3y"ic-y -($vne !ody " s(%pen. +en (o6 >e s ne&edn' o prie!ehu -ur"u >i dny d=- "6 d'(u#6 ve2-osD in(en"$vny "'>i(-ov/#i v/s0ed-ov6 -(or in(er <u&% r d nonLdis-r(nych sen(ien(n$#i !odov &e ur1en/ po1(o# 1innos(i ve2-os(i (/ch(o #ies( rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 -o n ve2-os(i "n 1ne vysve(0en sens (ion s%1(u -(or/ &e dod'v n/ v nie-o2-/ch dis-r(nych c$(i cich !odov ( -o# pr$p de s (ie(o v"orce s-u(o1ne s%visi K Av. -6 (o &e (ie> ve2#i do!re #o>n6 " druhe& s(r ny6 >e v pr$p de dis-r(nych nonLdis-r(nych !odoch vn$# &%ce 0en i! 0$.i v rovn -o# poci(e6 - ve2-osD vysve(0en vo ve2-e&
#iere6 -(or' !y in - prid'v -oncen(rov n/. CeL0i nie1o6 "vu-6 "von &e o!&e-($vne od "vu-ov6 -(or pos-y(u&% 1 s(ice "vonu6 #o>no pov >ov D "hrn%D ( - #' !yD pov >ov n/6 0e6 >e 1 s(ice &edno(0ivo v pohy!e ne#us$ pr$sD6 v -(oro# sp dn%D n "'-0 de ich pripo&eniu # &e(-u. V s%0 de s (/#6 >e s n n .o# psycho sys(#och. S'# 1 s($c !y # 0 !yD schopn/ dos( D -o &edno(n/ pohy! v ino#K ( - v"ni-' s( v vi!r'ci$ -%p(e si nie-o2-o 1 s(ice #us$ !yD ur1en' in(er -ci$ (en(o6 (/#(o nesporne (ie> "'vis$ n so0id'rnu in(er -ciu 1 s($c do rovn -ho poci(u spo0o1ne6 - &e (o v n .ich psycho3y"ic-/ch sys(#ov. Ter " v. #=>e n s( D nie-o2-o pr$p dov. BuT v.e(-y 1 s(i sys(#u6 r/ch0o so0id ri(y s poci(o#6 # nvrov 0 rovn -/ (yp6 0en (o6 >e s oci(n% v rovn -e& do!e v r="nych 3'" ch rovn - pohy!ov v"orce -o vo von- &.o# sve(e6 v .$ren$ sve(0 6 "vu-u v &edno(n/ch #di'ch predpo-0 d'#6 >e &e (o s pohy!#i6 -(or "'vis$ n vn$# nie "vu-u v n's6 pre(o>e &e (o n o" & #o>n (en(o poci( " op -ov ni 3or#u pohy!u #' &edin/ 1 s($c "'vis$ preds( vu&%6 !e" (oho !y (o poved 06 >e 1 s(ice T'(o 3or# pohy!u !y (ie> -o &edno(0ivec #=>e v"i D. A0e!o (o p (r$ - v"ni-u poci(u v"'&o#ne& so0id ri(y 1 s($c s pohy!#i r="neho druhu6 &e o(voren/ pre n's #ys0ieD n Uo# s ( -/#i poci(#i6 -de (ie &ednoduch pod#ien- u> nie &e dos( 1u&%c . V.e(-y recep(%ry vyvinu( v predch'd" &%co# <r n(u i! ? A usdrYc-e pre -v n(i( ($vne spe-( poci(u6 !e" (oho !y vypoved D o -v 0i(e nie1oho6 ( ->e rovn - ro"#erov hodno(y "n #en &% v r="nych 3or#'ch pohy!u6 pre(o nie &e rovn - poci(y6 0e 0en " rovn -/ch -v n(i( ($vnych hodn=( (/ch(o poci(ov. Ce nepochy!n6 >e predpo-0 d' u> po"n #en 06 >e 3or# poci(ov "'vis$ n 3or#e 3un-cie6 ( ->e #o#en(y pohy!u s% spo&en6 -(or prispiev &% - poci(uK 0e (/ch v"orcov6 -v n(i( ($vne "'ver pre ce0/ s0ed pohy!ov/ch #o#en(ov pre(i hnuD6 -u -(or#u &e pripo&en/ poci(6 n'"ov "'s(upcu6 -o (o(o hnu(ie #o#en(y !ud% s(r (en v ne&6 &e (o s-=r 3or# 3un-ciu t 6 -(or' prich'd" &%ce do "'-0 dne& v"orc 1 &e po(re!n pov >ov D " vy& drenie 3or#y pohy!u6 1o sp=so!u&e poci( 3or# &e ur1en'. To "n #en'6 >e -v 0i( poci(u6 -(or/ &e spo&en/ s &ednoduchou 0ine'rnou vi!r'cie nie s% s%1 sne s #no>s(vo d ne& v/r "o#
n -(or s#e s de3ini($vne " 1 0 !yD pov >ov n/6 -o &e uveden6 0e pr vdepodo!ne pros(redn$c(vo# eOpresie
V pos0edne& do!e6 de<r dov (e2nosD s vys-y(u&e v (roch #o#en(och6 &eden " 6 o "'vis0' n pr vide0no# op -ov nie rovn -ho pohy!u #o#en(y chv$2u von6 " (i 2 1o pos0edn' chv$2 s vo.ie0 do prv/ch v/(0 1-ov. S-u(o1nosD6 >e s "d'6 hovoriD pri #o n neho ne& -/# sp=so!o# !y #oh0o !yD (o6 >e pr$spevopoci( v "#ys0e "'-0 dnho v"orc s-=r n r/ch0os(i druhho r'du v. -o prv/6 !y & #us$ vyp0/v D6 &e n s0edovnP Ce "n'#e6 >e s #o(n
priechod e0e-(riny pros(redn$c(vo# or<'ny >i dny 0e!o ove2 #ene& & sn6 poci( & vy prin'. 6 -o "#enu in(en"i(y pr%du6 (o n &#5 -o n vs(upe v/s(upe pr%du6 -(or/ #=>e !yD pov >ov n/ " n &si0ne&.$ n &r/ch0e&.$ v ri'cie s%1 snho respe-($ve vo "v/.en$ "n$>en$6 >e do-onc & (o2-o n r/ch0osD n'r s(u 0e!o po-0esu e0e-(ric-ho pr%du &e "'vis0' n ve2-os(i -r'(-eho druhho r'du r/ch0os(i SF . Av. -6 v.eo!ecne poci( %p0ne (ich/ pri u" vre(o# Ceden " reD "c K 0e (o &e ve2#i #o>n6 !y s (o po-r 1u&e #ierny# s(upUo# poci(y rovn -/ princ$p "'vis06 pre(o>e si0ne&.$ vs(upy v/s(upy " (o-u. Pre (o &e po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e periodic- -o0$s nie v r'#ci or< ni"#u6 -(or/ &e povinn/ vy-on D & pu0" !ehu -rvi6 vy(voriD spo0o1n/ "'-0 d v e0e-(ric-e& pr%di neus('0e #en$6 n op -6 1$# s ne& -/# sp=so!o# #us$ !yD "#enen. * -onci reD "e n o-u vid$#e nie0en !0es- v pos0edn/ch o- #ihoch6 0e & s0 ! sve(0o & v v prie!ehu (rv ni &ednho u" vre(ho. A0e #us$#e si pripo#en%D6 >e 'no6 (o & !e" e0e-(ric-e& s(i#u0'cie #' (rv 0/ poci( (v're v o-u6 1iernu o1n%6 >e "#en$ & nie-edy v >iv/ch vys(%peni ch (v're. Pr've (er " pod vp0yvo# -on.( n(n pr%denie v"duchu6 & "y-o# (gs(i po(ru!i 6 -(or/ &e s'# o se!e schopn/ vi!r'ci$6 #=>u !yD u#ies(nen do s('0e& vi!r'cie6 vi!r'cie #' !yD vhodn n (en(o %1e0 Seh pp r (e ! viD & pod vp0yvo# -on.( n(nho e0e-(ric-ho s(i#u0u6 -(or/ s #en$ )en u!y(ov ni " hgU v se!e.
SF
Po"ri Du!ois Un(ers. Vo0 ,S GR8 33
; (i 26 "d' s #i !yD ro"hodnu( o (e&(o s-u(o1nos(i i! pro(i nedodr> nie rovn -o s( (uier! re sp=so!6 -o " ro!iD pr$spevopoci( !so0%(ne& r/ch0os(i prvho r'du "'vis$6 0e nie pro(i "'vis0os(i n re0 ($vne& r/ch0os(i prvho r'du. Ce nesporn6 pr$sD n vn%(orn/ch poci(ov - >dho psychoL3y"ic-ho sys(#u6 -o &e n'. nervov/ sys(#6 0en re0 ($vny# pohy!o# &eho 1 s($6 pre(o 0en re0 ($vne& r/ch0os(i do %1(u. V op 1no# pr$p de !y s v pr$p de6 >e 10ove- &e n &s-=r po# 0y6 1os-oro presD hov 0 so ;e#ou o-o0o S0n- r/ch0e&.ie6 v "'vis0os(i n "#en'ch r/ch0os(i6 1i u> prve& 0e!o druhe&6 -(or s vys-y(u&% v (o#(o pr$p de6 s (ie> #en$ &eho du.evn/ s( v s vys-y(u&%. Ter "6 -eT &e e0e-(ric-/ pr%d6 &e rovno#ern/6 (/#(o ur1i(e po1uD n "r/ch0enie spo# 0enie 1 s($c6 0e "'roveU re0 ($vny pohy! rovn -% pro(i se!eK v. -6 >e vs(upy v/s(upy6 -'-o2ve- "#en v (o-u6 -(or/ &e v>dy in.pirov n ur1i(/#i uh0 #i poh2 du6 re0 ($vne& r/ch0os(i d=&sD > do r/ch0os(i v.e(-/ch 1 s($c !o0 vyrovn n/. ?i#ochodo# &e v>dy pripus(iD6 >e s-%senosD nie &e #ed"i &. v. ro"hod0 o('"- s('0e pohy!u&e n dne. A- e0e#en('rne v"orec 0e!o !y v.eo!ecne vy- "u&% dos( (o1n pre presuny v n .ich nervovho sys(#u6 ( ->e !y (o ni !yD preu-'" n6 >e " -ho-o2ve- 1 0e!o v. vo sve(e pr$spevopoci( pod2 (oh(o v"orc spo2 hn%D n n pr$p dne predpo-0 dov 0e!o ?i(!edin<un<en po> dov n/ch !y #oh0o !yD6 -o eOis(u&% v n .ich nervovho sys(#u6 0e n ino# #ies(e6 #=>e ch/! D6 " (i 2 1o " druhe& s(r ny6 s #o"re&#e6 >e ne# &% >i dne poci(y pohy!u #i#o n .e& nervove& s%s( vy6 ni ne#=>e vy(voriD >i dne s-%senos(i6 d=- "6 >e eOis(u&% o-re# n's6 (en6 -(or/ poci(y i! pros(redn$c(vo# nervovho sys(#u6 &e #o>n v=!ec. Tie(o
pr$0e>i(os(i dis-u(ov D v de( i0e6 &e (o #ies(o6 ne!ude # D >i dny %spech. ,! po0o>- !ude p #5( D. R di !y s#e pr vdepodo!ne si #ys0e06 >e vi"u'0ny vne#6 s0uchov vn$# nie6 !y so# ( - poved 06 p0'v &%ce v pr'"dno(e6 -(or' eOis(ov 0 !e" v.eo!ecne&.ieho povedo#i 6 -(or !y # 0i rovn -/. A ( - &e 0o<ic- s do#niev D6 >e &ednoduch vi!r 1n/ pohy! i! v(edy6 - #=>e pre!udiD poci(6 -o -eT s " o!er' v.eo!ecne&.$ sys(# pohy!ov6 -o &e p0nenie n'.ho spo0o1nho vedo#i 6 #oho0 p0'v D pre!udiD ci( v pr'"dne. O-re# (oho6 >e & oni ne#oh0i eOis(ov D v pr'"dno(e6 po-i 2 ide o ich v"ni-u s #o(nho -on(eO(6 in(er -ci die0ov (ie>6 vy-on'v ich pohy! v -on(eO(e. a >dop'dne6 ( ->e n .e vedo#ie pri pre!uden$6 n ro"die0 od von- &.$ch podne(ov6 -($vny6 1o predpo-0 d' ne"'vis0 eO(ern podne(y psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y v n's. A -o (o !o0o (ie> n vrhnu(/ ( -6 #=>e(e6 0e r/ch0osD rovn -' pre &ednho6 !y (en(o !od Iro"p$s n' v - >do# s#ereF s% uveden v s%0 de s -on.( n(nou Fourierove& (eor# sriu pr vide0n/ch prv-ov. BuT ich hodno( 1 6 prid &(e podne( hodno( & prid n/. Ter "6 - !y (o p0 ($ pre ur1enie pod#ieno- v.eo!ecnho povedo#i 6 #ier &eho in(en"i(e6 &eho v"os(upu n d 0e!o -0esne vidieD pr h6 !y (o si #=>e !yD vy-on n Ido (e& #iery6 -o s#e s0edov D pohy! 0en v &edno# s#ereF6 - s 1 ^ & #ies(o predch'd" &%ce& i! & dos d$#e do "'-0 dne& v"orc 6 in(e<rov n/. ?oh0o !y (o !yD nie &e a priori preu-'" D6 >e pre "$s- nie ? A usdruc-es pre poci(6 -(or/ n &. v5"ie! n &#5 & n ro"die0 od 1 #=>u !yD 0ie1enK 0e 0en %spech (e&(o 0ie1!y s u1$. ?'#e v odvodenie n .ich v"orcov6 !y (o vy"er 0o6 -o !y s &. s #o(n -cie s% n 1 ne!erie do %v hy6 ( - "$s- D v/s0ed-y6 -(or "odpoved &% s-%senos(i #.
0&!% +,n! Un1!rs6%hnn-!n n !k1or5 )+4 1kov5 ob,as1 . 777III. O sv!1,! a )v6k6 &o% 1 vo v)=ah6 k s!b! nav)+"o/.
Dis-usi - pi(o0y MN d 0i n'# vi c - >d/ d=vod vy(i hnuD psycho#o(oric- v"D hy #ed"i (En#i 3 r!y do %v hy6 u#ies(ni0 %0ohu po ru-e6 -eT &e (o #o>n v s-u(o1n/ch pod#ien- ch 3y"ic-e& -on"is(enciu r="norodosD6 prev0'd &% u nich d=vod du.evn o!& viD. PoT#e odos0 D n s0edu&%ci n 0/"u6 -(or' &e veden' v (o#(o s#ere6 v"h2 do# ur1i( pod#ien-y6 -(or s " #eri v &% n -on-r(ne 3 r!y6 dopredu6 do -(ore& .e(renie 1i s(o1ne s%visieD s6 !ude #usieD spo0ieh D 1i s(o1ne. a; * /!3) a%h v 3 1!<nos1 (ar !b a &r$ n ob/!3)!n a 1!"1o v 3 1!<nos1 . Ce "n'#e6 >e vidi(e2nosD 3 rie! udr>i v v ur1i(/ch #ed"i ch 0'# vosD6 pre(o r/ch0osD vi!r'ci$ s%visi cich Undu0 (ions05n<e6 !ude (u !yD o('"- 6 1i s(o1ne ur1iD (ie(o 0i#i(y podro!ne&.ie s-%# D6 " -(or/ch nie-(or s% "'vis06 1i s-u(o1nosD6 >e osci0'cie pod n d ur1i(' #ier r/ch0os(i v "'vis0os(i n ch r -(ere #'#e dispo"$cii sve(e0n/ch "dro&ov vy(vorenie o- nedos hu&% > n sie(nici6 0e!o s-u(o1nosD6 >e on ur1i(' #ier 0'# vosD nie s% schopn$ vn$# D sie(nicu6 (o & v pr$p de6 dor "$ n rovn -. T'(o n 0/" s #=>e vy-on'v D i! s oh2 do# n po#er
in(en"i(y +ieh( (ep0 v spe-(re n o('"-u6 1i eOis(u&e pods( (n' iden(i( 0e!o nonL iden(i( dvoch <en(ov eOis(u&eK &e o (o#6 1o o('"- 6 pre(o &e nu(n (u u" vrieD. ;n'#y -o v.eo!ecne s predpo-0 d'6 >e v pries(ore6 vy(vorenho " ho#o<nnych 3 re!n/ch pri"# (ic-/ch spe-(r u- "u&% (# v 1i ry6 -(or s% v>dy vy..ie6 pre - >d/ (yp sve(e0n/ch 0%1ov #ed"i ur1i( #ies(o p=vodu rovn -ho re3r n<i!i0i(y6 #=>u !yD pre(o pou>i( pre v"or >i reni d nho re3r n<i!i0i(y. * &ch r -(eris(ic-e&.$# " (/ch(o 0inie- s% povo0 n$ do neho s ve2-/#6 S(o-es 3rYherhin6 0e (ie> He0#ho0(" v u0(r 3i 0ove& s # 0/#i 0 (ins-/#i 0is(y po srii " 1ervene& n 3i 0ov% u0(r L3i 0ov. ; nich6 7F 9, #, C v 1ervene& 3 r!e6 D Or n<e6 H "e0ene6 Q v #odre&6 L v indi< GF 6 I vo 3i 0ove&. 9 &e op$s n' -o Fr unho3er 3i 0ov o!#ed"eni spe-(r . Hersche06 n d sve(0o. i. Z79 GF To(o vyh0'senie Hersche0. Po porovn n$ o!och ( !u0ie- pod >e0e"ni1nou L 0e!o s-=r p (r$ do 3i 0ove&6 Fr unho3er &e spe-(re &e -res! L s(rede #ed"i !od#i o"n 1en/#i indi<o 3i 0ov'. V"h2 do# - pos(upn#u prechodu 3 rie! r="nych si0ou sve(0 (ieU -reh- 1 s(i spe-(r IPo<<. :),V6 7MF6 nie &e & sn6 ur1enie6 >e &e (u #o>n. Kbr2/ky spektra Qra,n(ofer / -er&ene koniec riadk, I mo.no n2 s+ okrem in(o & Li*by. 9nn. O1I. Doska I1: ?-ebnice #iot. 1o* 1. Doska FFI: Iersc(e* o s&et*e, J*ate 1I ?99 ` " i*,str2cie e6trmna fia*o& a -as+ ,*trafia*o&(o spektra s pe&n'c( *iniek s7 Ntokes & JKLLI. 9nn. HrD<n/. a"#. Doska 9 , obr 1 (po/n. p Z``), obra/ na ce* spektr,m od -er&ene ,*trafia*o&m, pos*edn' Hsse*bac( & JKLLI. FC1III. Doska 1. Kbr2/ok M (po/n2mka str. b1a a nas*.) Ioci spektra Ntokes, *0nie ,*trafia*o& -asti s ma*'m, s7 od&o*2&a* sa na Hsse*bac(!sc(en s &e)k'mi p0smenami, a*e spU=a 7 ro&nak p0smeno ro&nak *inky, ako mo.no &idie+ nie*en / poro&nania spektier, a*e a indik2cia Hsse*bac( e & #er* . #er. 1 rok, 1[bb. N. c[[ m2 ,/a&rie+. 1 mno('c( o()adoc(, ,.ito-n'c( d5ka/o& o nas*ed, 7cic( %as*ed, 7ce d&e tab,)ky b,de, pr&' Hsse*bac( T) , ob&yk*'m &idite)n(o spektra na ,*trafia*o& s ro/sia(*ymi ,stano&en0, prostredn0ct&om ktor(o pe&n tma& -iary & spektre /odpo&eda 7ce &*no&e dU.ky, spo*, s Qra,n(ofer e ,stano&enie, ktor sa &/+a(, e iba na fia*o&7 obsa(, e, a dr,(', / Ie*m(o*t/ a) , ktor, /a*o.en na /2k*ade Hsse*bac( e s >,/ie(,nD niektor &*astn pra&id*2 t'ka 7ce sa *imito& spektra, kombin2cia farieb s ro/st,pom ke_ *inka Tone L & s7*ade a &*no&2 dU.ka /&,k, c = 1 e nasta&en', &8ak, &*no& dU.ky farieb & mi*imetroc(, ako & tab,)ke s7 &y adren Hsse*bac(.
7F
Ri d-y spe-(r
Tab6<ka Ess!,ba%h. V0nove& dH>-y v #i0i#e(roch pod2 Esse0! ch od Fr unho3er
9 # C D H Q L # O M % ` J B A
MF ZF RF
N.NNNSQ7S RF Q8SZ R88Q RGQN Z8ZR ZG8S MS97 MQRS MZ98 MMQN MG9N MGMG MN97
N.NNNQ8S8 QRQZ R888 RGQN Z8ZM ZG97 M9G9
POGG,. :)V,,,6 RGZ Spr'vy o Ber0. A)AD 78RR. SQ7 .
To(o us( novenie pre 9 &e (u prid n' pod2 He0#ho0("6 pre(o>e nie &e " hrnu( v us( noven$ Esse0! ch[schen. Tab6<ka &o3<a H!,/ho,1). V0nov' dH>;vuQis L Lis 9 # # C ;vu- 3 r!y
QZ Z
Pr$rod 3 r!y
` ZR
N.NNN87GZ aoniec 1erven' SQ7S SM7G QSG7 QMZS QN9Z RS7M Berven/ Berven/ Berven/ Ro(or n<e Or n>ov/ k0(/
`M ` GR
MG Q
`R `9 ` 7R
7N 7Q
cis d to H Q fis D Dis a b (od
GZ 8 R Z M
` GR
RG7S RNS8 ZSQ7 ZRSN ZG8R ZNQG M8N8 MQRQ MM8R M7SM MNZS
;e0en/ ;e0en' ?odr' A"%rov' ,ndi<o #odr Fi 0ov/ Fi 0ov/ O Purp0e O Purp0e O Purp0e O Purp0e
`9 `Q `R `Z ` ZR
MG G
`M ` GR
7Q M R 8
`R `9 ` 7R
aoniec s0ne1nho spe-(r O-re# (oho6 vo v.eo!ecnos(i s-u(o1nosD6 >e 30uorescencie Predpo-0 d' s 6 >e "n'# 6 po -(oro# nie-(or 0'(-y I -o &e n pr$-0 d -yse0in s$r n chin$nu 0e!o ( ro"# " n p pier F6 ni>.i sve(e0n 0%1e6 -(or prech'd" &%6 0e!o odr "$ ich do 0'# vosD6 1o u2 h1u&e vidi(e2nosD (/ch(o 0%1ov6 -(or 3i 0ov/ hr nice vidi(e2nho spe-(r 6 "vy1 &ne v re3r n<i!i0i(y vy..$6 (/#6 >e &e ( - pre#enen/ n 0%1e vs(upu&%ce do #ed"e !e>ne& vidi(e2nos(i. *e"n'#y *e\(on vidi(e2n !e" OPATRE*,A "v0'.(ne hr no0ovou 3 re!nho spe-(r (vor$ 0en si p5(inu. C. Hersche0 QF s% Undu0 (ions05n<e eO(r#ne 1erven > N6NNNNGQQ6 1o eO(r#ne 3i 0ove& n N6NNNN7QS En<0. P 0c vo v"duchu IN.NNNZGZG N.NNNQSRQ Respe-($ve #i0iEnovF6 po1e( -#i(ov " 7 se-undu !/v 0/ ZR8NNNNNNNNNNNN6 s 0 ((er SGSNNNNNNNNNNNN do. Av. -6 (ie(o 0i#i(y u> !o0 ro".$ren' o Fr unho3er6 -(or/ s0edov 0 spoU &ednu o-('vu6 -o &e "re&# " porovn ni n s0edu&%ci# vyh0'sen$# ich s us( noveni #i v0nove& dH>-y v/h2 do# n p$0y n$# spe-(r 0in-y som sa -o hr nic 3i 0ove& > (rochu ce" 0in-u pres hu&e (o#.
QF O
sve(0e. i. RSR
"Jrib*i.ne & 9 e -er&en2, pri 9 fia*o&' koniec farebn' obra/, ,r-it obmed/enia, &8ak, e ,&eden2 na oboc( stran2c( s istoto,, e8te *ep8ie s -er&eno,, ako e & fia*o&e . Xe &8etko priamo, a*ebo sa odr2.a od /rkad*o&(o s*ne-n'm .iaren0m &y*7-en, /d2 sa, asi na ese= na edne strane (ranice med/i L a I, aby sa na dr,(e strane & #. N s*nk, &e)mi &e)k'c( 7niko&, obra/ farebn' takmer dokonca ,. od po*o&ice c) k, a*e &idie+ to ist &<-8ie ro/80renie mo.no , s&et*o m,s0 by+ /abr2nen priestor, med/i C a L, aby sa dosta* do oka, preto.e do em, &ykonan s o()adom na obmed/enie farebn(o obra/, do oka, e &e)mi s*ab2 a e pos,n,t' od /&y8k,. " e & dobre &idie+
ostro defino&an *0nie, a*e t, nie e *imit -er&ene farby, a*e e to st2*e &'ra/ne nad n0m. "
SF A-
ch'pe# (o(o pr'vo6 (o "n #en' predH>enie ni 9 dop0nenie.
To6 >e s0ne1n sve(0o n d 1erven/# 3i 0ov/# -onco# vidi(e2nho spe-(r !e" "v0'.(ne s( ros(0ivosD o!s hu&e (ie> 0%1e ni>.i vy..i re3r n<i!i0i(y6 d'vno "n'#y "o s(r ny o(ep2ov nie %1in-y #i#o 1ervene& che#ic-/ch %1in-ov >i reni 0e>i ce #i#o 3i 0ove&. ; nich6 nevidi(e2n/ v !e>no# Spe-(ris6 prv 0%1e s% v dne.ne& do!e 1 s(o in3r L1erven'6 u0(r L3i 0ov 0e!o purpurov6 pos0edn/ s n'"vo#. 8F vidi(e2nosD u0(r 3i 0ov/ch 0%1ov #=>e !yD u2 h1en (/#6 30uorescen1n "'-0 de (r ns3or#'cie #ene& -reh-/. He0#ho0("6 -(orho #eno n 3i 0ov >i renie poch'd" &%ce IPo<<. :),V6 7MF vysve(2u&e6 nie &e ur1en6 -de n (o #ys0i 6 &e6 nie &e sporu !y #oh0i !yD s( noven 0en -onven1ne 0i#i(6 pre(o>e nu nsy pos(upov D !e" ( -' v ino#. Po(o#6 1o Ivy..ieF uvedene& ( !u2-e6 s o1 -'v 6 >e v0nov' dH>- N6NNNZNQG6 -(or/ IsoF s #ed"i L I &e s('0e 3i 0ov' N6NNNM8N86 1o &e ve2#i !0$"-o - pri #-e O "odpoved' pri!0i>ne Vio0e(. Od (e&(o chv$0e s Fr unho3er 3i 0ove& n -onci 9 &e6 " 1i (o- o Vio0e( !y !o0o si n 9 0e!o K #o>no o1 -'v D6 -(orho v0nov' dH>- &e " (i 2 #o>n ur1iD. av 0i3i-'(or (er " ide " nove& .(%die u- "u&%6 >eP 7F u0(r 3i 0ov 0%1e > do v/.-y 0'# vosD6 v -(oro# # &% !yD uveden v=!ec v s0ne1no# spe-(re dos(upn/ch 30uorescencie n vn$# nie6 v s%0 de s "odpoved &%ce eOperi#en(y He0#ho0(" 9F Esse0! ch 7NF & !e" (oh(o n's(ro& I(& !e" o!#ed"eni re3r n<i!i0i(yF !yD vn$# n o-o#6 -eT s s(re(ne(e ( - op (reni 6 >e u0(r 3i 0ov 0%1e 1o n &%p0ne&.ie od prech'd" pou>i(/ n v/ro!u pre"er nie spe-(r 6 #di'6 (o6 1o s -re#eU I-ri.('2F 0ep.ie -o u s-0 &e pr$p d 77F 6 - BASu suseds(ve & sne&.ie spe-(r 1 s(i6 1$# s o-o os0ni0 6 nie-(or$ pr$#es nepr vide0ne ro"p(/0en sve(0o n u0(r 3i 0ov pri"#ou 0'#e sve(0o &e vy0%1en pr vide0ne6 %1e06 -(or/ &e "vy1 &ne dosi hne 7GF 6 -eT u0(r 3i 0ov 1 sD pros(ried-ov -re#enn hr no0 n vrhnu(/ spe-(ru# i"o0ov n/ o!r "ov-e s s(Hpci pri poh2 de ce" T 0e-oh2 d " -re#enn/ch s-ie0 s vy1niev &%ce druh/ -re#enn/ hr no0.
9 F 7G 7NF 77F 8F
GN8 Po<<.:)0V
POGG,. :)V,,,6 R7M
A0e &e (o (ie> He0#ho0(" pod ri0o ho0/#i s-0enen/ch hr no0ov IPo<<. :),V6 7 n s0.F )o#p. He0#ho0(" v POGG,. +OOOvi6 RN7 :),V6 7. . GNR Spr'vy d Ber0. Ac d 78RR. SRS Esse0! ch v POGG,. :)V,,,6 R7R Jokia) ide o e6trmne ,*trafia*o&e *imite &8imo* Hsse*bac( JKLLI. FC1III, bZT): ">a A bo*a *en ra/ & *ete &e)mi s*ab a &idie+ *inky na ,(." Pre(o6 - &e !e" 3 r!y s% vn$# n vi c o-o# ur1i(ho s(upU 0'# vosD v s0ne1no#
7GF
spe-(re6 po(o# &e d=vod6 pre1o &e (o6 >e (u nie s%6 v (o#(o spe-(reK ( - nie &e pr$0i. !0$"-o - eOis(u&%ce& se!e do o- n (o#(o !o1ne& hr ne vidi(e2nos(i " po"orov ni n s0ne1no# spe-(re pri #o. Ter " S(o-es 7MF " po"orov ni 6 >e e0e-(ric- sve(0o &e spe-(ru# o!s hu&%ce uh0$ove2 !rech! rere 0%1e ne> s0ne1nho spe-(r 6 ( -6 >e (en(o 7ZF pri!0i>ne o o-('vu s prid' do v/.-y.A> do (er "6 0e (o spe-(ru# "o!r "$ i! -on"u0('cii s 30uorescen1n/#i 0'(- #i6 -(or "ni>u&e 0'# vosD6 !y !o0i po"orov n6 & si ni %d &6 >e 1 sD6 -(or' &e sp=so!en' (e&(o r dy s0ne1nho spe-(r 6 v - >do# pr$p de s po#=c-y #=>u !yD vn$# n ni in3or#'cie6 -(or vy& dru&e op -6 !y ( - s('0e !y !yD ur1en' eOperi#en('0ne6 1i (u nie s% u-'" 0 0i#i( vidi(e2nos(i pri #o.
7MF 7ZF
POGG,. +:::,:6 QG8 Po Esse0! ch po"n'#-e v hor'ch. d Ber0. Ac d 78RR. SQN
a/# !o0 schopn/ ro"po"n D eOis(enciu u0(r 3i 0ovho >i reni 0en n ich che#ic- %1in-y 30uorescencie6 vedci predpo-0 d 0i6 >e (o is( !y !o0 nevidi(e2n/6 pre(o>e !o0i !sor!ov n #di' o- 6 s-%.-y #os( ce" %1in-u di3%"neho !ie0eho sve(0 po &eho prechode (r nsp ren(n #di' o- - (en-ou vrs(vou su.enho (in-(%ry Gu i cu# 7RF nech - "'veru6 X>e o!&e-($v &e n &vi c re3r n<i!0e I$ n's0edne T 0.$ sp=so!en po"i($vny 7QF 6 po -(oro# u0(r 3i 0ov 0%1e hr no0ov spe-(ru# po priechode o!&e-($vo#6 s-0ovec rohov- " vo0 o-o u> #eniD pr cov 0 n ci(0ivo# 3o(o<r 3ic-o# p pieri6 -/# 3i 0ov' 0%1e s('0e v s(y-u >iv/. ?ed"i(/#6 n ro"die0 od s-u(o1nos(i6 >e vidi(e2nosD " u0(r 3i 0ov/ch 0%1ov &e (er " uveden pri #o " vy..ie uveden/ch po"orov n$ He0#ho0(" Esse0! ch6 (ie> Donders #' 7SF "$s- n op 1n v/s0ed-y -o #os( in/# sp=so!o#6 pri1o# s u0(r 3i 0ov 0%1e s% nie0en v>dy pren'. n' ce" o1n #di$ 0e rovn -o ( - 2 h-o6 -o vi c re3r n<i!0e.
7RF 7QF 7SF
?Y00er Arch 78ZR. GQM ?Y00er Arch 78ZQ. MS9 ?Y00er Arch 78RM. ZR9
Jrinc0p test, Donders bo* tento\ 9ko )a(k, aby /&2.i*a, e potrebn skontro*o&a+, -i ,*trafia*o& *7-e prec(2d/a 7 o-n mdi2, *en eden spektr,m na&r(n7+ na nieko)k'c( obra/o&k2c(, ktor s kyse*ino, s0ran, c(in0n, (-o e f*,orescen-n *2tka) e potia(n,t', a s*edo&a+, -i by f*,orescencie sa sta* &idite)n ,*trafia*o& *7-e s7 st2*e &idite)n pri interponiert prie()adn mdi0 oka. Xe to pr0pad, .e samo/re me nem5.e by+ absorbo&an t'c(to mdi0. Donders tera/ nap*nen2 pr&om rade sk*a r5/nyc( &e)kost0 so sk*enen'mi orD2ny niektor'c( kr2& o-0 a &/a* si eden a*ebo dr,(' med/i C(ininsc(irm s0ry, k, ktorm, by sa da*o dosia(n,+ *en *7-e spektra mimo fia*o&e (tak, aby bo*i *ep8ie &idite)n pre seba), a med/i s&ete*n'm /dro om . Kni sa ob a&i*i st2*e ro&nako pekn a do ro&nak obmed/enie ako be/ to(to >Visc(einbrinD,nD, a*e s tako, s*abos+,
ro&nako ako /ada*i, ke_ ste pred*o.i* mene refranDib*e *7-e spektra o ro&nak testy. Tam potom bo*i a ostatn mdi2 oka, ro(o&ka, 8o8o&ka, sietnica, ka.d' /a&esen na & n2dr.i nap*nen o-n sk*o&ca sk*o b'ka, ako a ce*7 predn7 po*o&ici oka:&y/na-, 7ci sa t'm, bo*i spo en ro(o&ka, &odn2 &*(kos+, 8o8o&ka a sk*o&ec, po,.it podobn'm sp5sobom, a nedost2&a 7 &'/namne od*i8n &'s*edky, s &'nimko,, .e po,.itie ob ekt0&, a po* oka, &/()ad bo* mierne ,pra&en' &/()adom k ob ekt0&, efekt &o forme. 1's*edok /0skan' Donders nesk5r Kess*er 1[) bo*a tie. pot&rden2 nas*ed, 7cim sp5sobom. Jri/matick spektra bo*i ,&eden & tma&om priestore, so &8etk'mi be/pe-nostn'mi opatreniami, aby bo*o mo.n &y*7-i+ c,d/ie s&et*o, a sk7ma+, -i takto osoby, ktor o-ne 8o8o&ky bo* c(ir,rDicky odstr2nen', &n0ma+ spektr,m po-as e refranDib*e strano, na(or & ro&nakom ro/sa(,, ako s7 s norm2*nym Ne(apparate. ?k2/a*o sa, .e nie e .iadny &'/namn' ro/die*. Ksoba, ktor2 nemo(o* &idie+, preto.e / prie-ne offset kri8t2)o& 8o8o&ky d&o it' obra/ spektra, a to /a pomoci ob ekt0&, oba obra/y & ro&nake ostrosti, &ide* fia*o& & ro&nakom e6pan/ii.
78F
. GRAEFE Arch 78RZ s ZQQK (u +ie!i< aopp v/ro1ne& spr've " ro- 78RZ. S.
788 GF ; u0(r L1erven >i renie6 nie &e pov >ov n/ " rovn -/ -o u0(r 3i 0ov 1 s(iK #=>u # D nie-edy I" ( !u2-ou IviT vy..ieF s( noven% v/.-uF6 > -/# s v >i dno# pr$p de " o-o6 0e v.eo!ecne 0en o(ep2ov nie %1in-y6 !y p (rn/. V (/ch(o 0%1ov6 #=>e !yD s('0e pov >ov n " pochy!n6 1i &e ich nedos( (o1n' vidi(e2nosD &e o!#ed"en' i! si0nou !sorpciou 1 sD o1ne& #di$6 0e!o 1i nedos( (oPer"ep(ions35hi<-ei( sie(nice #us$ "die2 D. Ce is(6 >e vod 6 !ie0-oviny in prieh2 dn -v p 0iny o dovo0en-e (e#n/ch (epe0n/ch 0%1ov re0 ($vne #ene& ne> & sn/6 v.eo!ecne #en.ie6 (/# ni>.i &e (ep0o( "dro& (ep0 1$# si0ne&.i vrs(v 6 s -(orou s pre&sD 0%1 . Av. -6 oni #=>u (# v/ch in3r 1erven/ch 0%1ov s0ne1nho spe-(r po (o# v.e(-o# 3 -( nie nev/"n #n podie0ov. Po pri #e& (es(y Fr n" 79F n u0(r L1erven 0%1e <enerov n s F+,*T s-0o hr no0 s0ne1nho spe-(r 6 -(or # 0 v 1erveno# &eho (ep0o(n # Oi#u#6 !o0o !y v0o>en% Io!si hnu(/ #ed"i s-0enen/#i p0och #iF vodn vrs(vy QM #i0iEnov hr%!-e6 (ep0o(e 1ervenho !ud%ci (# vo in3r L 1ervene& "Ene Ia >d' "En M #i0iEny .$r-yF &ednoduch/# 77687 n R69M6 1o " n s0edu&%cich 86SSL76QQ6 (re($ Q677LN68M GNF pre po-0eso06 0e "n$>enie 1erven' s'# 7R677L7N6NN i.ie0. IE.(e #ene& !o0o "n$>enie v (# v/ch 1 s(i ch s 3y"io0o<ic-/# ro"(o-o# 0e!o 0-oho0 n #ies(o vody.F Bo (o &e D >- si preds( viD6 >e "'s dn vodn !ie0-ovinov o1n #di' !y # 0i nech D pre&sD ni1 ;n 1n " u0(r L1erven 0%1e v ich ove2 #en.ou hr%!-ou6 pre(o>e n &#5 po vyh0'senie ?e00oni &e G7F pro(e$n vody v sn$#-e (her# ni(5( ne"d' s v/r "ne 0$.iD6 v -re#ennho s-0 spe-(r 6 u0(r L 1erven 0%1e s% u> "n$>ene& o !sor!u&e 1 sD s-0 . A po(o#6 v. -6 nedos( (oci(0ivos(i sie(nice pre u0(r L1erven 0%1e !y !o0o v"i D -o "'-0 d ich nevidi(e2nos(i v n'ro-uK Av. -6 (o &e e.(e pri #e po-usy o priechodnos(i o1nho #di$ pre u0(r L 1ervenho sve(0 #usi !yD schopn$ uro!iD spr'vne ro"hodnu(ie v (o#(o oh2 de #=>e.
79F GNF G7F
POGG,. )06 R7 B$s0 s% s(upU (epe0n #u0(ip0i-'(or. POGG,. :::V6 G8G
Most m2 &8ak ZZ) / priame pok,sy, po ktore sa ce/ ro(o&k, a 8o8o&k, -erst& o6" eye, po,.0&an ednot*i&o a*ebo & kombin2cii, ni- o.ar, e po dob, tepe*ne m,*tip*ik2tor /re m2 / tma&(o tep*o, ktor by pod)a o*e o& *ampy pomerne &ysok2, a*e /_a*eka nes&ieti &y(rie&an' -ierny oce)o&' p*ec( &o ne poc(2d/a*, &8ak, s&et*o &y.aro&an *en *ampy 1 a. samotne ro(o&ky [ d a. 9 d, ce/ ob ekt0& 1 e Z d (ako spo*, ni-), o/n2mi*, a /atia) -o &odn2 &rst&a 1[`````` (r7bke med/i s),dy *isty od ob ekt0&, ro&nak'c( priere/o& a &2penca / Tc````` kombino&ane (r7bky s ka.d'm Z d sa /0ska na &y.ar, 7ce temn7 tep*a. N2m tma& *ampy tep*o nem5.e t&ori+ /2&er o tom, aby sa s*ne-n tep*o, ako e /*o.en' & r5/nyc( podmienkac( otep)o&anie a s&ete*n *7-e. 9 n2s*edn' pok,s mostom ZT), sa s*ne-n s&et*o m5.e be/ b*i.8om sk7man0 &p*y&, pr0pad,, tie. ne&/+a(, 7 na nakres*en tenk A,@c(ic(t, prostredn0ct&om ktor(o sa *7-e m,se*i prenikn7+ /a dostato-ne pre,ka/n.
GGF GMF
?Y00er Arch 78ZR. GS7 ?Y00er Arch 78ZQ. M8G
MF Po s( noven$ He0#ho0(" GZF &e ce0/ vidi(e2n/ !e" po#oci 30uorescen1n6 1 sD s0ne1nho spe-(r od -r &ne& 1ervene& > po -r &n 3i 0ov6 s pou>i($# v.e(-/ch op (ren$6 -(or #=>u u2 h1iD pri #u vidi(e2nosD6 o o-('vu n vy.e .(vr(/ I -o FK (o v s%0 de s He0#ho0" v0nov' dH>- vidi(e2nho eO(r#ne 1erven' Is spe-(ru#6 " -(orho v.e(o- sve(0o s v/ni#-ou eO(r#nou 1erveni sivo po#ocou dvoch hr no0ov dvoch v/ro!-ovF N6NNN87GZ #i0iEn 6 >e eO(r#ne u0(r 3i 0ove& N6NNNMNZSK #ed"i -(or -0 si3i-u&e6 -o &e s( noven pod2 Esse0! ch v0nov/ch dH>o- (# v/ch 0inie- v Ivy..ieF6 -o &e uveden.
GZF
Ber0. Ber. V ro-u 78RR. SQN
ZF Pos0edn po-usy C. ?Y00er GRF vied0 n &prv - rovn -/# v/s0ed-o#6 >e v0nov' dH>- ove2 in3r 1erven/ch 0%1ov s0ne1nho spe-(r &e N.NN7.8MN6 nes-=r T 0.$ v/po1e(6 >e (o !o0o N.NNZ.8NN. A - v0nov' dH>- eO(r#neho u0(r 3i 0ovho >i reni &e N.NNNMNZS ?i006 !/v 0/ !y !o0 nie1o #'0o ce" G 7 ` G 6 dohro# dy6 pos-y(ne #u do-onc Z o-('vy pre ro".$renie ce0ho s0ne1nho spe-(r 6 vidi(e2n nevidi(e2n 1 s(i. Av. - nie-edy nedos( (o- ho#o<eni(y porcie r du eOperi#en(ov6 nie-(or pochy!nos(i o p0 (nos(i #e(Ed pou>$v n/ch pre v/po1e( Princ$p GQF6 #=>u o! %d &e s('0e o!& vu&% pochy!n.
GRF GQF
POGG,. )V6 MMS RZM Po"ri (u n po"orov nie E. Eisen0ohr v POGG,. ),:6 MZN
RF D 0o !y s op/( D6 1i &e vidi(e2nosD 1 s(i u0(r 3i 0ovho spe-(r !e" u#e0ho po#ocou 30uorescencie ne#us$ !yD i! n "'-0 de (oho sie(nice s # o 30uorescen1n
# &e(-u6 #=>e(e s o!r'(iD n #ene& ro"!i(n 0%1e od o!"v0'.D u0(r 3i 0ov 0%1e u- "u&% #odr% 3 r!ub He0#ho0(" GSF T'(o o('"- !o0 n &prv .(udov 0 v sie(nici #g(veho 78 hod$n pred 10ove-o#6 "is(i06 >e sie(nice6 v. -6 &eho pr'vop0 (n#u s0 !% 30uorescenciu6 p d &%ce n ne u0(r 3i 0ov sve(0o do 0%1 "#esi nie ce0-o# 1is( I"e0en- v' #odr'F !ie0e& 3 r!y u- "u&e6 -(or Is v/ni#-ou 1ervene&F6 o!s hu&e6 popri re0 ($vne ve2- prehr'v nie !e" "#eny u0(r 3i 0ovho >i reni 6 s% #ene& -reh- 0%1e spe-(r 6 0e >e ('(o s0 !' 30uorescencie Ini>.i 6 ne> v pr$p de p pier 6 (- niny s(eny s0onoviny6 vi c ne> porce0'nuF6 nie &e dos( 1u&%ce " chov D vidi(e2nosD u0(r 3i 0ov/ch 0%1ov " 30uorescen1n "'vis0.
GSF
POGG,. :),V6 GNR
XPo#erne s/(o #odr' 3 r! n 3i 0ov >i renie n >iv o1i ( -#er !ie0e& 3 r!y ro"p(/0en sve(0o " #g(veho sie(nici s hovor$6 pr$0i. od0i.n'. Th n6 >e poh2 d !y !yD " chov n'6 >e sie(nic ce" 3i 0ov >i renie > po ich (r ns3or#'cii c$(i #ene& ro"!i(n sve(0e. X Se(scheno\ G8F n .ie0 po(vrdi0 v 1ers(vo# sie(nici -r'0i-ov !/1ie o-o6 dosi hnu(/ch v/s0ed-och He0#ho0(". O-re# (oho6 rovn -' (ie> s-%# 0 (r nsp ren(n #diu# rovn -/ch "vier ( o1i n ich 30uorescencie v u0(r 3i 0ovo# sve(0e. S-0ovc u-'" 0 i! s(opy 30uorescencie6 .o.ovicu6 0e nie si0ne 30uorescen1nho #odr'6 !ie0 6 rohov- &e ove2 s0 !.$6 0e rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 vodn/ v0h-osD. Tie> n o-o >iv/ch 2ud$ #=>e do-'" D (o(o sve(ie0-ov nie -eT prin'. poh2 d n ohnis-u u0(r 3i 0ov/ch 0%1ov 1innos(i ch vy-on'v n/ch u(oro# p r'(u. Rohov- .o.ov- po(o# " 1ne !0/s- D s !ie0y# #odr/# sve(0o#6 (o rohov-y ove2 si0ne&.ie -o v re"e s( ve.
G8F
Gr e3e Arch 78R9. V6 GNQ
?ed"i(/#6 (o 30uorescencie #=>u (r nsp ren(n #di' o- prispiev &% ni16 !y u0(r 3i 0ov 1 s(i spe-(r vidi(e2n6 0e !y s " !r'ni0o "vidi(e2nenie6 pre(o>e (r nsp ren(n #di' sve(0o6 -(or prech'd" 30uorescencie v nich sc ((er vo v.e(-/ch s#eroch6 ro"p(/0iD6 -o -e!y !o0i se03Lsve(e0n/K ( -6 >e pros(redn$c(vo# (oh(o ro"p(/0en sve(0o6 >i dny o!r " 1 s(i u0(r 3i 0ovho spe-(r 6 !y #oh0i !yD vyr'! n v o-u. Po vy..ie6 ne#=>e6 -o pri #o ro"hodu&e s-%senosD &e6 >e n v.e(-/ch hr nici ch Per"ep(ions35hi<-ei( sie(nice pre n'(erov h#o(y s pr$0i. r/ch0o pr$0i. po# 0 osci0'cie s'# -on D po (o#6 1o I>eF &e o"n'#en6 >e v51.in re3r n<i!0e Iu0(r 3i 0ovF >i renie s0ne1nho spe-(r 6 #us$ !yD e.(e vy-on'v n' pri #o6 po prero-ov n$ Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 nie &e " (i 2 %p0ne vy0%1iD #o>nosD6 >e #ini#'0ny -reh-/ Iin3r LredF >i renie i! pre(o s% nevidi(e2n6 pre(o>e s% schopn preni-n%D v dos( (o1no# #no>s(ve o1 #i #di$ n vidi(e2n !yD. Av. -6 s('0e in/ Per"ep(ions35hi<-ei( sie(nicu ( -6 !y 3 re!n 0%1e rovn -e& -ine(ic-e& ener<ie n ine& 3re-vencii vi!r'ci$ 0e!o v0nove& nerovn -ho 2 h-os(i pevnos(i s% vn$# n6 nie s% vn$# n " ur1i(/ch #ed"i ch6 s n &v51.ou pr vdepodo!nosDou6 &edn - pre(o6 >e %1ino- 30uorescencie v r'#ci inho s( vu
vysve(0iD "d' po druh6 pre(o>e vysve(0iD r="ne ro"0o>enie (ep0 & su v hr no0ov spe-(ru# #' i! n v/!er "'-0 dn/ ro"die0 #ed"i n princ$pe sve(0 (ep0 6 0e!o in% ci(0ivosD sie(nice n >i renie r="nych re3r n<i!i0i(y n s( (uierenK" -(or/ch prv' &e nepr vdepodo!n6 !y s vi c vi c ned'vnych .e(renie6 " (i 2 1o druh/ pod2 v.eo!ecn/ch "'-onov o"n'#eni vi!r'ci$ #' s-=r pr vdepodo!nos(i. O (ie(o !ody !ud% prero-ov n v (rochu podro!ne&.ie dis-usiu. A-o prv/ s (/- 6 -o &e (o6 >e s u0(r 3i 0ov 0%1e6 & -eT spros(red-ov nie 30uorescencie n !edYr3end nie &e nevyhnu(n vidi(e2nosD6 0e s% 2 h.ie vidieD6 -eT s% (r ns3or#ov n 30uorescencie " re3r n<i!0e 0%1e v #ene& -reh-'6 !e" oh2 du6 ne#o>no predpo-0 d D6 6 >e -ine(ic-' ener<i &e "v/.en' o 30uorescenciu. Xe to tie. /(f=a Ie*m(o*t/ Z9) t'm, .e po/namen2 na ,*trafia*o& *7-e, ic( "cie)om as" nie e tak ma*', ako by ste c(ce*i /a&rie+ ic( ma* 7-inky na /rak: to doka/, e s2m t'm, f*,orescencie, "a ke_ .i&otn2 si*a &ibr2ci0 s&et*a neb,de /&'8en2 o procese f*,orescencie ,r-it(o affi/iere &/()adom na d*(8i, dob, kmitanie prod,ko&ane nic(, sietnice .i&' dos+ &idie+."
G9F
POGG,. :),V 7M
Ter "6 v. -6 ro!i0 si #ys0$6 u2 h1iD "vidi(e2nenie 30uorescencie n "'-0 de s-u(o1nos(i6 >e 0%1e s prech'd" v o!vy-0o# vidi(e2no# spe-(re &ednoduch.ie o1 #i #di$6 -o u0(r 3i 0ov po-usy Brid<e I sF s "d 0o ( - & do-'" D pri #o6 v. -6 oni s% v ro"pore ve2#i us( noven6 >e I(oF h0'sen' po"orov nie Donders aess0er. A- chce(e dis-u(ov D o druh/ !od6 &e v prvo# r de p0 ($6 >e pre n's !ude uveden po nie-o2-/ch v"D hoch d=0e>i(/ ro"die0 v dis(ri!%cii sve(0 (ep0 v spe-(re6 - &e (o #o>n v predch'd" &%cich .(%di'ch !0i>.ie ur1iD. ? Oi#u# & su s0ne1nho spe-(r 6 -(or/ s vyr'! pod2 hr no0o# nie-(orho " !e"3 re!nho prieh2 dnho 0'(-y6 -(or' &e "n'# v >0(e& #ed"i ri d- #i D H MNF , ro"de0enie in(en"i(y Fr unho3erovho M7F spe-(ru# vy(v'r n v &edno# s -re#ennho s-0 hr no0 !o0 s( noven' " ho#o<nnych 0%1e. Uveden hodno(y n$# s(0 1en$#6 0e s-u(o1n/ po#er in(en"i(y 3 rie! 0%1ov o!si hnu( v s0ne1no# sve(0e6 pre(o>e rovn - vo vi cer/ch re3r n<i!0e 1 s($ pr vouh0 spe-(r vy(i ho0 od se! re0 ($vne d0h.i 6 (/# s vi c "riedi6 #ene& ro"!i(n ne> v (o#6 1o s 0$.i v Fr unho3er in(er3erencie <enerov n X #ed"i #rie>-ou spe-(r MGF6 - p=so!$ v"di 0enosD - >de& 3 r!y !ie0eho pruhu &e %#ern' v0nove& dH>-e spo&en. A- chce(e s-u(o1n po#ery in(en"i(y 3 rie! # &% n s0n-uK #us$ !yD pre(o6 >e in(en"i( hr no0ov spe-(r s% o!#ed"en i! n (ie6 -(or s vys-y(u&% v ro.(e spe-(r pre Uu. To(o "n$>enie See!ec- A. MMF vy-on'v po#ocou in(erpo0'cie pod2 re0 ($vnych v"di 0enos($ (# v/ch 0inie- do dvoch Spe-(ris. Po(o#6 sve(e0n in(en"i(y hr no0ov spe-(r pos-y(u&% Fr unho3er po(o# vypo1$( See!ec- ro.(u spe-(r pre (# v/ch 0inie"odpoved &%cich #ies( s0ne1nho spe-(r ( -(oP MZF
Fes(iv 0y Ri d-y # C D ? Oi#. H Q L #

MNF
,n(en"i(y. Pris# .Sp Gi((ersp.
V0nov' dH>v ?i00
NNMG NN9Z N.QZ 7.NN N.Z8 N.7S NNM7 N6NNRQ
N.NG N.NQ N.RS 7.NN N.RQ N.G8 N.N8 N.NG
N.NNNQ8S8 QRQZ R888 RGQN Z8ZM ZG97 M9G9
X* && sne&.ie .-vrn L hovor$ Fr unho3er L Sie<( si o 7 ` M 0e!o 7 ` Z " dH>-y DH " D od H presne u#ies(nenie (oh(o #ies( nie &e v/s0ovne .. X
M7F MGF MMF MZF
Gi0!y. +V,6 MN7 Den-schr. d ?Ynch. A- d V,,, POGG,. +:,,6 MSZ
,n(en"i( ariv- pr vouh0 spe-(r Fr unho3er #o>no n'&sD v o!r "och rovn - Is(r. GM9F s " "n #en nK n ro.(e spe-(r odvoden od See!ec- v POGG,. +:,,6 P0 (e ,,,6 o!r Z A- chce(e si do!re p #5('# 1$s0 "n #en &% pre in(en"$( v (e&(o ( !u2-e nie &e in(en"i(y poci(u6 -(or s% sp=so!en r="ny#i 3 r! #i spe-(r 6 0e o!&e-($vne n #er n in(en"i(y !ie0e& >i rov-u6 s -(orou r="ne !ody spe-(r rovn -o si0n/ch do&#ov !o0i n'&den n o-oK porovn nie6 -(or &e (rochu D >-6 0e vhodn/# Versuchs# Are<e0n pr O6 -(or'6 -o &e uveden Fr unho3er6 porovn nie s nes#ierne u2 vi0o s #o>n s-u(o1ne dosi ho0 i! #ierne " !e"pe1eni 6 -(or pod2 #iery "hody &edno(0iv/ch po"orov nie IGi0!. +V,6 MN7F &e #o>n s%diD6 -(or/ &e pre v51.ie in(en"i(y n'&den/ch s( novenie re0 ($vne !e"pe1ne&.ie -o (ie #en.ie. MR.F U 0inie- D 6 H, Q s s%1(u in(en"$( ] 7.G9 n'&de#e &ednoduch/ s%1e( ch/! po Z po-usoch - >d/ n - >do# ri d-u v ce0e& NQSQ6 pre 0in-y #, C, L, I s s%1e( in(en"$( N7QM v ce0o# NGG8. Me**oni by (OFII JKLLI., Za) & 9b(and*anD tie. pripom0na, .e e potrebn /n0.i+ priamo po/oro&ane s&ete*ne inten/ity neVtono&ske spektra *en, .e na ro8te spektra /a 7-e*om /0skania spr2&ne proporcie as farieb *7-e & s*ne-nom s&et*e, t&oria
MRF
nas*ed, 7ce Ntreda (o enie. "9k c(cete /0ska+ tieto &/+a(y, Ir. Jrof Masotti &ypo-0ta* 7da e, ktor prispie&a 7 k formo&ani, Litterspektra, kde /2k*adn farby cnos+ e p7(y /2sa( 80renie bok po bok,, a preto /a, 0ma 7 priestory, ktor /2&is0 *en na ic( &ibra-n obdobie a*ebo ?nd,ations*<nDe. >a t'mto 7-e*om, e / ,&eden(o &ada spektier Ir sa. Masotti na8ie* (ot spot priamo & strede .*te , a to tak, .e -er&en a fia*o& (ranice s7 na mene s&et* body spektra op<+ & ro&nak'c( &/dia*enostiac( od oboc( konco&, ., a oba a ma 7 ro&nak7 s&ieti&os+ p2n Masotti kone-ne ,k2/a*, .e farby t'c(to d&oc( *imito& &yc(2d/a / ter, &Un, ktor'c( dU.ka & pomere Z : . pon7ka 1 " #o(,.ia), ani e ,&eden, kde n2 deme Masotti!sc(e pr2c,, ani o ak 7da e sa opiera ro&nak. 128 &'s*edok *08i troc(, od Neebeck!sc(en Qra,n(ofer e Datis /, preto.e to e ro&nak2 inten/ita pre farby, ktor'c( &*no&2 dU.ka & pomere 1 : 1,cb ar, &8ak, Masotti pre pomer 1 : Z ar. Po-i 2 ide o dis(ri!%ciu (ep0 v pr vouh0 spe-(r 6 ( ->e &e u#ies(nenie # Oi#'0nu pre#enn' (ep0 1i s(o1ne v "'vis0os(i n pods( (e hr no0 6 -(orho pros(redn$c(vo# &e vyr'! spe-(ru#6 1i s(o1ne v "'vis0os(i n hr%!-e hr no0 6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(orho pre&d% 0%1e6 1i s(o1ne v "'vis0os(i n ho#o<eni(e *ich(ho#o<enei(5( spe-(r 6 nie-(or$ n -oniec n ch r -(er nie-(or/ch dr'h 0%1ov e.(e in(erponier(en prieh2 dne& 0'(-y. Pri pou>i($ vodou n p0nen/6 0-oho0 0e!o (erpen($n du(/ hr no0 s(e n .0i v >0(e& 3 r!e6 so s-0enen/#i hr no0y6 v "'vis0os(i n (ype s-0 T 0.$ch o-o0nos(i ch v or n>ove&6 1ervene& 0e!o #i#o vidi(e2n% 1erven% Iv in3r 1ervene& o!0 s(iF6 To s - #enne& so0i hr no0 v>dy #i#o 1erven/ V ri !i0i( do "n 1ne& #iery "'vis$ n (o#6 >e in3r 1erven (# v (epe0n 0%1e prieh2 dn/ch 0'(o-6 -(or (vori hr no0y s% !sor!ov n v in/ch veci ch6 >e si0ne&.ie v"D hy6 -o vidieD6 >e (en(o po#er v "'vis0os(i n r="norodos(i prieh2 dn/ch 0'(o- hr%!-y6 -(or -(or # &% pre&sD nosn$-ov "#ien6 >e v neho#o<enn$# spe-(r I<enerov n #ed"erou ir<ends "n 1ne& .$r-yF (# v (epe0n >i renie6 -(or v s-u(o1nos(i p (r$ do in3r L1erven6 s pre-r/v &% s vidi(e2ne& 1 s(i spe-(r 6 -(or' po(o# pod2 ro"die0u pods( ( hr no0 !ude vi c 1i #ene& vs(re!'v . Pod2 ?e00oni eOperi#en(y6 0e v - #enne& so0i6 0'(-y6 -(or' s rovn' 2 h-o prech'd" (e#n% vidi(e2n (epe0n >i renieK # D u(ori( ($vne us( noveni o in(en"i(e (ep0 ce0ho spe-(r 6 (o -o &eho (# v sve(0 1 s(i po6 &eden #us$ (ed p0 (iD roc- so2 hr no0 pre En(\er3un< spe-(r 6 1o nie &e ( - #oc6 - &e (o 0en o('"in(en"i(y (ep0 vo vidi(e2ne& 1 s(i spe-(r od 3i 0ove& dos( D 1erven%6 pre(o>e v s%0 de s ni>.ie in3or#'cie6 -(or # &% !yD o"n'#en u-'" D r="ne prieh2 dne& 0'(-y v #no>s(ve n &#ene& priechodnos(i pre v.e(-y 0%1e (e&(o 1 s(i spe-(r . O-re# (oho6 &eden !y6 pr$sne v" (6 n'&sD ho#o<eni(y spe-(r #ies(o6 pre -(or &e eOis(enci (# v/ch 1i r s pov >u&e " ch r -(eris(ic-. A0e pre(o>e !ude(e #usieD pou>iD ve2#i %"-y 0%1 sve(0 n (o6 (epe0n %1in-y ( -ho(o spe-(r do(er " nepod ri0o s0 ! !yD #er nie - dispo"$cii MQF 6 ( -6 >e &eden #' e.(e nie &e 1is(' vo v"D hu nie-(or/# us( noveni # (# v 1i ry in(en"i(y (ep0 spe-(r .
MQF
)o#p. Fr n" v POGG,. ),6 RN C. ?Y00er v POGG,. )V6 MM9
9k sa po/riete / Ie*m(o*t/ e &eden2 proti #reVster 8etrenia (JoDD. *666&i, b`1) pripom0na &'/namn procesy, ktor /2&isia na ne-istoty *2tky, nedokona* *e8tenie (rano*a a mno(on2sobn'c( odra/o& med/i po&rc(mi (rano*a dif7/nom s&et*e pri pos,d/o&an0 farebn'c( pomero& spektra m5.e prinies+, a &/()adom k tom,, .e ro&nak' & edne , *en s med/ero, a *en Jrism Denero&an(o spektra ako to pod)a(o* predc(2d/a 7ce 8t7die na tepe*n'c( podmienkac( pra&o,(* spektra, nemo.no &y*7-i+, aspo= & kamenne so*i (rano*a nie e )a(k sa dosta+ / te to dokona*e nec(ty, a tak -ist2 ako sk*o (rano*a, e mo.n tie. t, e po/or,(odn' pr0-ino, ne-istoty spektra a /0ska+, preto.e &'s*edky s7 &y()ad2&an, a*e /d2 sa, ro&nako ako a &id0te, / to(o *en na(e(in ob a&o&a+ ednotne /men, tep*oty -asti &idite)n(o spektra, a*e nem2 &p*y& na po/0ci, ma6ima. Av. -6 #usi !yD uveden n s0edovn %d &e. Pou>i(ie - #enn' so2 hr no0 # Oi#'0ne& in(en"i(y (ep0 &e v - >do# pr$p de v/r "ne #i#o vidi(e2n/ch hr n$c 1ervene& v in3r 1ervene& o!0 s(i. Jod)a skor8ie(o &y(*2senia Me**oni e (JoDD. FF1III, Tcc), " e to tak _a*eko od -er&en(o konca, .e &/dia*enos+ med/i n0m a -er&ene bo* ro&nako &e)k' ako &/dia*enos+ med/i -er&en a fia*o& ako dU.ka spektra. " Jod)a neskor8ie &y(*2senia ,&eden(o nariadenia (JoDD. FFF1, T`c), &/dia*enos+ tep*otn ma6im,m e / -er&en(o konca prina men8om ro&nako &e)k ako to /e*en modr -er&en, tr&2 inten/ita r'c(*o k*es2, a & ,r-ite &/dia*enosti od to(to bod,, ktor' / edne tretiny dU.ka farebn spektr,m e ro&nak, po-7&a+ &8etky cite)n(o p5sobenia tep*a. Jo tretie o/n2menie, nakoniec (JoDD. OFII, ZZ), e tep*o Me**oni ma6im,m "7p*ne na ro/die* od farieb & priemerne &/dia*enosti, ktor2 sa ro&n2, .e /o strany proti)a(*e strane, med/i -er&eno, a .*to,, e k dispo/0cii." %o& po/oro&ania X. Mg**er Tc) ra/ ,k2/a*, /odpo&eda 7ce s dr,('m / t'c(to &y(*2sen0, pokia) ide o &'s*edok &rc(o* po*o(y, t "&/dia*enos+ ma6im2*ne na (ranici -er&ene asi ro&nako &e)k2 ako &/dia*enos+ prec(od, /o /e*ene na modr7 od -er&ene (ranice ro/sa(, tepe*n predU.enie s*ne-n(o spektra na -er&en7, a*e & priestore, ktor' prakticky *en bo* tak d*(o p7ta&, ke_ ce*' /&y-a ne &idite)n spektr,m na fia*o&7. %a&y8e /isti*, .e kor,na sk*o (rano*a & tomto tepe*ne predU.en0 sa /(odo&a* s kamenne so*i (rano*a, a*e *e.iaci b*i.8ie k ma6im, bo*a -er&en2. *inka # bo*a kor,na L*ass spektr,m ro&nak' prib*i.ne & strede med/i fia*o&e -asti spektra, a &onka 8ie tepe*n .iarenie dark ? A!es(i##un<en o in(en"i(e v r="nych 1 s(i ch Is$ce neho#o<nneF spe-(r # &% Fr n" M8F C. ?Y00er M9F6 " predpo-0 du6 >e pou>i(ie -re#ennho s-0 hr no0 v0o>en$# s-0enene& 32 .i si s !e" prenosu >i reni 6 !y s !/v 0$ porovn'v c$ch s-%.o- -v p 0iny 6 druh/ po#ocou r du -oruny s-0 - #enne& so0i hr no0 . Po#ocou - #enne& so0i hr no0 po in(en"$( pos0edne !o0 (ep0 Isi0 6 -(orou s p=so!$ n (epe0n #u0(ip0i-'(orF6 1o &e 1$s0o 7 [X6 G[X6 (T6 &e v"di 0enosD od -onc vidi(e2n 1ervene& do in3r 1ervene& o!0 s(i.
MSF
POGG,. )V6 MRG

M8F
POGG,. ),6 ZQ
M9F
POGG,. )V6 MMS RZM
Upros(red in3r 1erveno# LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL ?odr' k0(' Berven' 7[[ [M[[ [Z[[ [Q[[ [ M.S S.9 7N.N 7M.G 7R.9 7M G 7.S S -orun s-0o hr no0 "$s- D %p0ne si0ne&.$ vo vidi(e2ne& 1 s(i spe-(r 6 0e "n (e2ne rovn - po#ery pre r="ne 3 r!y "o!r "en/ch %d &ov Iv"h2 do# - vy..e& 1is(o(e (oh(o hr no0 F6 (o6 I"n$>enie n rovn -% hodno(u pre 1erven%F Upros(red in3r 1erveno# LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLL ?odr' k0(' Berven' 7 "" XX
ZNF6
Z "!
Q XX Z S 7N 7G 77 S G
Av. -6 -o vid$(e6 ve2#i odch/0i0 pod#ien-y v nevidi(e2ne& in3r 1ervene& o!0 s(i od (/ch " - #enne& so0i hr no0 . Z7F
ZNF Z7F
aeT s - #enn' so2 hr no0 &e (u M. XG &e pr vdepodo!neX Xvy(0 1en.
Porovn'v cie -riv-y - #enne& so0i -orunov s-0o hr no0 po"ri POGG,. )V6 P0 (e ,,,6 o!r 7 A& s (/#i(o6 v hr no0ov Spe-(ru#6 us( noveni 6 0e &e (er " po(re!n v"i D do %v hy6 >e (epe0n >i renie re3r n<i!0e 1 s(i spe-(r s% vi c riedi6 pre(o6 !y s ich s-u(o1n/ po#er in(en"i(y6 v -(ore& s% " hrnu( vo s0ne1n/ 0%16 i! "n$>enie n ro.(e spe-(r nevyhnu(n6 -o (o #' pod2 See!ec- v & su do.0o. Po ( -o#(o "n$>en$ hr no0ov - #enne& so0i spe-(r C. ?Y00er n'&de # Oi#u# in(en"i(y (ep0 6 rovn -o -o (o p0 ($ pre sve(0o6 0e>i ce v >0(e&6 (o ur1enie &e n hr den/ vi c h#o(nos(i (/#6 >e Dr per ZGF pred(/#6 rovn - pri #y# s sn >$ n'&sD diop(ric-/ch !e" ;u"iehun< #di$ vy(voren odr "o# ro.(u spe-(r . Av. -6 (o(o &e dis(ri!%ci (ep0 v ro"#ed"$ nie &e (o(o>n' so ro"0o>enie & su Ivych'd" s (eO(i0o#F6 -o &e u> s #o o se!e (o6 >e (en(o & s6 0e nie (ep0o " 1erven% "#i"neK IPo"ri vy..ieF (ie> " porovn'v ni & su -riv-y See!ec- s ?Y00er vy-urov ce& -riv-y n ro.(e spe-(r ZMF d D n (o6 1o pr$de sp5D.
ZGF
Phi0os. r'd. V ro-u 78RS. :iii6 7RM )V6 T 3 ,,,6 o!r Z
ZMF POGG,.
A- s sp/( (e d=vod (oh(o od0i.nho ro"0o>enie sve(0 (ep0 v spe-(re6 &e "re&#6 >e -eT s po"rie(e sve(0o (ep0o -o v pods( (e r="nych <en(ov6 ni1 ne!r'ni (o#u6 !y s(e si #ys0e0i6 >e in(en"i( sve(0 (ep0 rovn -ho re3r n<i!i0i(y $sD v spe-(re
proporcion'0ne - se!e. ?ed"i(/#6 poh2 d n "'-0 dn iden(i(y sve(0 (ep0 6 - nie &e (ie> pou>i&% osved1en/ %p0ne6 0e n r "$(e 0en s0 !% pochy!nosD6 " (oho d=vodu6 !y (ie(o ro"die0y v ro"0o>en$ sve(0 (ep0 v spe-(re nie &e "'v5"n/ pro(i r<u#en( pro(i ne#u6 pre(o>e 1i s(o1ne r="nych -on(inui(y 0%1ov r="nych re3r n<i!i0i(y o1 #i #di$6 1i s(o1ne 0$.i ci(0ivosD sie(nice #=>e !yD pre "'vis0. ?e00oni6 -(or/ uro!i0 n &vi c ro"si h0y v/s-u# v (e&(o o!0 s(i6 po(o#6 1o po"ri vyh0'senie o (o(o>nos(i sve(0 (ep0 pred(/# ZZF # 0 nie-o2-o s-u(o1nos($ uv'd" n' -o ro"hodu&%ci d=- " pro(i ne& &e6 pr$sD nes-or.$ch .(%di$ & v(edy6 -eT s% v.e(-y s-u(o1nos(i "is(en pod2 neho poh2 d n iden(i(u6 !y v s%0 de6 rovn -o re"o0%(ne vyh0'si0 pre (en(o poh2 d. ZRF *ie #ene& povinnos(i ? sson C #in ZQF po svo&ich po-usoch v (o#(o poh2 de.
ZZF ZRF
POGG,. :::V,,6 Z8Q POGG,. +V,,6 MNN +:,,6 786 -o &eho pr'c P X+ (her#ochrose 78RN MGS.X vysve(2u&%ce. :::,6 7Z.
ZQF )o#p(.
V.e(-y nov.ie s-u(o1nos(i "hrnu(6 ce0/ ro"die0 (#y6 -(or # &% !yD vy-on n vidi(e2n -/#i-o2ve- pros(ried- #i6 (epe0n 0%1e vidi(e2n >i renie v s-u(o1nos(i s "d'6 >e pre "n$>enie (/ch #ene& re3r n<i!i0i(y6 pre(o r/ch0osD vi!r'cie6 v51.i Undu0 (ions05n<e v0 s(n6 (/# ni>.i priechodnosD !y6 v51.in #di$ s (/- K ne"d' s 6 >e 0%1e iden(ic- re3r n<i!i0i(y #o>no e.(e ro"0$.iD -o sve(e0n (epe0n >i renie. *ie0en s0edov D (#e (epe0n >i renie v.eo!ecn "'-ony .$renie6 odr "6 &ednoduch dvo&i( 0o#u6 po0 ri"'ci 6 in(er3erenci 6 !sorpcie sve(0 6 0e ?e00oni ZSF (ie> -on.( (u&e6 >e v pos0edne& do!e X3 r!y spe-(r s% ( - %"-o sp5( s &eho (ep0o(u6 !y pri priechode nie &e ce0-o# & sn6 0'(-y (o2-o (ep0 vo 3or#e sve(0e s(r (iD6 ( -6 !y s po#er (/ch(o dvoch 0'(o- v>dy v po-o&i "os('v rovn -/. X
ZSF
POGG,. +:,,6 G8
>2ro&e= no& &y8etro&anie Qran/ &ies+ a[) na diat(ermancy farebn k&apa*iny. "18ade tam, kde e &idie+, absorpcia s&et*a, a to a pok*es inten/ity tep*a e deteko&ate)n' ..... minim2*na s&ete*n straty & spektra .iarenia m,s0 pre s+ k&apa*ina " a tak sa doc(2d/a k /2&er,, e(o po ednanie " s minimom tepe*n'c( str2t & ro&nake /;ne treba dodr.ia&a+, inak toto.nos+ tep*a a s&et*a e nemo.n. %ao/a , modr ro/toky s0ran, medi ,ka/, 7 minim2*ne straty tep*a s2*an0m od spektra o ro&nak & modre /;ne, /e*en rie8enia s,*f2t, proto6ide .e*e/a do /e*ene /;ny. Jri po,.it0 -er&ene rie8en0 ,ka/, e, .e /o &8etk'c( na*ie(a&'c( rie8en0 -er&en'mi farebn'mi *7-mi -er&en *7-e aspo= s&et*o a tep*o str2ca, a*e -iasto-ne -er&en rie8enie pre tma& tep*a ni.8ia refranDibi*ity ako -er&ene s7 diat(ermaner ne. &oda. "
Z8F
POGG,. ),6 ZQ
A- prv/ poh2 d po1$( d0 "o!r "enie iden(i(y s "d' %p0ne6 !o0 vyro!en/ ?e00oni s-=r IPo<<. :::V,,6 Z8QF6 -o " si hnuD druh% ru-u6 (vrd$ vy..ie do(-0 s-u(o1nosD6 >e v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i &e hr no0 " - #enne& so0i6 " -re#ennho s-0 6 -orun s-0o6 vod s v"D hu&e6 0e!o <enerov n/ - #enn' so2 hr no0 spe-(ru#
(oh(o 0e!o >e (r nsp ren(n s(redne& 0e!o r="ne vrs(vy hr%!- rovn -o# #diu #=>e !yD pros(redn$c(vo# >i reni 6 po0oh (ep0o(nho # Oi# dis(ri!%ci (ep0 v=!ec6 (ed in(en"i( po#er (epe0n/ch 0%1ov "#ien spe-(r -o po#er in(en"i(y 3 re!n/ch 0%1ov !e"o "#eny "os('v K v op 1no# pr$p de !y s (ie(o 0'(-y v 3 r!e v prech'd" &%co# sve(0e. A0e po(o#6 1o nes-or.ie po-usy ?e00oni &e Z9F (o p0 ($ 0en pre neho#o<nne spe-(r 6 -(or #o>no n'&sD v (e#n/ch (epe0n/ch 0%1ov6 ni 3 re!n/#i 0%1#i #ie. &% v 1erveno# -onciK v"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e s('0e n &vy..i (ep0o( s po"re0 Xn #o>n vyv rov D s v.e(-/ch "dro&ov ch/! .... Tep0o(y pri"# (ic-/ch 3 rie! udr> D n 1erveno# -onci6 -(or pr$rod #=>e !yD !e"3 re!n' 0'(- 6 #=>e(e pou>iD -oniec6 (o !uT v hr no0 (v re n s0n-u v &eho ro"o!r D "'-0 dn nosn$-y6 0e!o v p ne0i 3or#e pres-%# D !sor!u&%ce %1in-y n (e0o n (/ch(o 0%1ov. X
Z9F
POGG,. +V,,6 MNG +:,,6 G8
*e#ene& dr < ? sson C #in RNF " ich .e(renie - "'veru6 >e pre&sD - #enne& so0i6 -ri.('2u6 - #enc 6 s-0 vodn v.e(-y (epe0n 0%1e #ed"i 1ervenou 3i 0ovou rovno#erne6 ( ->e "n 1n ro"die0y v Di (her# ni(5( (ie(o 0'(-y i! v ino# !sorpcii (# v/ 0%1e # &% svo&e -r &ine. * -oniec6 s% uveden v/s0ed-y porovn'v c$ch po-usov C. ?Y00er s -orunou s-0o# - #enne& so0i hr no0 R7F6 v rovn -o# "#ys0e. A- s% (ie(o po#ery6 -(or " u&#e s-=r -o pro(iLd=- " pro(i n'"oru iden(i(y6 0e n &d=0e>i(e&.ie d=- "y s po1$( " rovn -.
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)o#p(. vysve(2u&%ce. :::,6 7Z POGG,. )V6 MZ9 MR7
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"vere&nen/ nes-=r -o presved1iv/ -o pred(/#. cdero# pro(i n'"oru iden(i(y ( -e&(o s-u(o1nos(i #oh0i nie-edy !yD 0en v(edy6 !o0i sprev'd" n6 n &#5 o('"- s#eru&e ? A!es(i##un<en -o ( -6 0e s% dispo"$cii > (er ".Pre dos( (o1ne preu-'" n' v - >do# pr$p de6 >e (ep0o n s0n-u6 rovn -o -o po"e#s-/ oheU &e "T 0e- n &v51.i 1 sD (# vo (ep0 6 -(or s 2 h.ie vs(re!'v prieh2 dn/#i #di' -o vidieD6 ( ->e - s% v.e(-y (# v 0%1e e.(e (ie> ve2-' 1 sD " nich #' sve(e0n/ vs(re!'v 6 -o s (o s( 0o v ?e00oni po-usy ) rdin 06 "vy.o- #=>e vy& driD 0en ve2#i n$"-y (epe0n/ %1ino- v=!ecK - u> &e v>dy neo1 -'v n6 >e & po spo&en$ pros(redn$c(vo# o!&e-($vu > si0ne& in(en"i(y sve(0 !y ne# 0i !yD vidi(e2n. V - >do# pr$p de !y # 0 !yD -0 den/ n individu'0ny ro"porup0n6 nie &e ri dne uviedo0 nedos( (o- ? A!es(i##un<en nie &e spr'vne sporn s-u(o1nos(i #ene& ve2-/6 0e!o do-onc ro"hodu&%ci v'hu v po-o&i S(re(nu(ie n'"or iden(i(y6 -o u(or " nich #' do-onc & nes-=r6 " !e"pe1enie u> u#ies(nen n Uo#. Ter " ne#=>e !yD "'vis0' n pr vdepodo!nos(i neiden(i(y sve(0 (ep0 6 pod2 vy..ie uvedenho6 nerovno#ern ro"0o>enie sve(0 (ep0 v spe-(re6 #=>e#e s do#niev D in$6 >e &eden " nerovnho !sorpcie 0%1ov r="nych re3r n<i!i0i(y 1 sD o1ne& #di$ in/ po#er in(en"i(y o- vn$# n/ -o & sn' -o (ep0o#ern #er n' #i#o o- 6 !y v"ni-n%D 1 s(i spe-(r .Ten(o nerovn/ !sorpci &e (er " (ie> nepochy!n6 n #ies(o (oho6 - &eden porovn' vidi(e2n nevidi(e2n (epe0n >i renie6 # 0i !y !yD v" ( do %v hy. A0e po vy..ie uveden/ch eOperi#en(ov ?e00oni6 ? sson6 C #$n6 C. ?Y00er &e vo vidi(e2ne& 1 s(i spe-(r od 3i 0ove& do 1ervene& 3 r!y6 !e" nerovno#ern/# !sorpci r="nych 3 re!n/ch 0%1ov !e"3 re!nho prieh2 dnho #di' #ies(oK 0e!o spoU &e ve2#i nepr vdepodo!n6 >e ( -e& #iery6 -o &e (o #o>n6 !y si rovn - (ep0o(n pod#ien-y n spo&i( spe-(ru# >i reni " r="nych (r nsp ren(n/ch #di' s ve2#i nerovno#ern/# !so0%(nou !sorp1ne& - p ci(y pre (ep0o e.(e. Tie> u> !o0o uveden vy..ie6 >e pod2 s%1 sn/ch s-u(o1nosDou ve2#i nepr vdepodo!n6 >e u0(r L1erven 0%1e s0ne1nho sve(0 6 s% %p0ne !sor!ov n o1n #di$. Po(o# s 0en "d'6 >e pri& (ie "os( D6 >e v pr$p de6 >e 3 r!y spe-(r s neo!& v$ & sn v rovn -o# po#ere n #ys0i6 -eT s% von-u (ep0o6 (o "'vis$ n nerovno#ern ci(0ivos(i sie(nice u 3 rie!6 ( -6 >e 0i#i(y spe-(r n 3 re!n vi!r'cie s rovn -ou >ivo(ne& si0y s -(orou sie(nice " nich &e " si hnu(/6 0e s% #ene& 2 h-o si0ne c$(i06 -eT o-o0o s(redu6 " ur1i(/ch #ed"i ch u> v/r "ne c$(iD. Poh2 d iden(i( sve(0 (ep0 " predpo-0 du6 &eden cie2 in(en"i(y6 di >ivo(n' si0 0%1ov v r="nych 1 s(i ch spe-(r #=>e (o podr> n$# #er ne& &e& (ep0o6 !e"3 re!n/ (r nsp ren(nos(i o1n/ch #di$6 -(or' ne#en$ po#er vidi(e2n/ch 3 rie! 0%1e (ie> predpo-0 d D6 >e 0%1e # &% rovn -/ po#erne& in(en"i(y6 -(or # &% pr$s(up srdcu6 n sie(nicuK -de s#e u> schopn$ "#er D svo&e (ep0o do!re6 0e ich svie(ivosD6 (& in(en"i(u !ie0eho sve(0 6 1o &e rovn -o si0n/ do&e# n o-u Ipo"ri vy..ieF. O! & "os( ne %#ern' - se!e6 - nie nerovn ci(0ivosD sie(nice pre r="ne 3 r!y #eniD (en(o v"D h. A- !y s#e # 0i (er " rovn -o presn -riv-y (ep0 ne> sve(e0nos(i spe-(r 6 -(or !y
!o0i 1erp n " ro"die0u #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# -riv- #i vi c de3ini($vne "'very o po#ere ci(0ivos(i sie(niceK ( ->e - !y s d 0o po(o# 0en (0 1iD (ie(o odch/0-y i! " d=vodu od0i.nho ci(0ivos(i sie(nice u r="nych 3 re!n/ch 0%1ov. A0e - (o nie &e (en(o pr$p d6 v. -6 -o#p r ($vne poh2 d n See!ec-[sche -riv-y svie(ivos(i IPo<<. +:,,6 P0 (e ,,,6 o!r ZF6 ?Y00eri n -riv-y (ep0 IPo<<. )V6 p0 ,,,6 o!r ZF6 -(or' u> !o0 spo#enu('6 pon%- &% nie-(or v.eo!ecn/ od- " v (o#(o oh2 de. Po(o#6 -o !o0o uveden vy..ie6 # Oi#u# & su s "hodu&e s # Oi#'0ny# podie0o# (ep0 v >0(e&6 " -(or/ch &eden #us$ u" vrieD6 >e & # Oi#'0ne& ci(0ivos(i sie(nice s # Oi#o# in(en"i(y dosi hnuD n &e& >i renie -ry&e po"oruhodne6 0e!o >e >0(' 0%1e & v$ -o n && sne&.i " dvoch d=vodov6 pre(o>e s% n &in(en"$vne&.ie pre(o>e s% vn$# n s n &v51.ou ci(0ivosDou. Od spo0o1ne& pre ? Oi#u#ordin (e See!ec-[sche -riv-y svie(ivos(i -riv-y ?Y00erov' (ep0 p d' 1os-oro -onveOn s#ero# - osi %se1-y &edno(0iv/ch v0nov/ch dH>o- n o!och s(r n'ch ( -#er sy#e(ric-y od6 -on-'vne s#ero# - osi %se1-y6 n o!och s(r n'ch ve2#i nevyv'>en po# 06 !y s s( 0 1erven' in3r Lred 6 ove2 r/ch0e&.ie " Vio0e( @5r#eordin (e n 1erveno# -onci vidi(e2nho spe-(r &e rovn' s%r dnicu #ierne (e&(o s(r ne -riv-y Q I(o &e6 #odr/F6 ( ->e indi<3 r!ene 3i 0ov'6 u0(r L3i 0ov >i renie6 n -(ore& s(r ne 0in-y Q s%6 s ich -oordinu&e u0(r L1erven 0%1e "odpoved &%6 pre(o6 (o s% s('0e vidi(e2n v >ivo(ne& si0y6 n -(or s% nevidi(e2nK 1o vy-0 d D v (o# "#ys0e6 >e ci(0ivosD -0es' "o svo&ich # Oi#'0nych hodn=( pre >0(% ove2 r/ch0e&.ie po s(r n'ch 1ervene& > 3i 0ove& s(r ne. Ten(o v/s0edo- s #i "d' !yD vypr cov n6 v -(oro# -o#pi0'cie predch'd" &%cich po"orov n$ #o>no pov >ov D " u(ori( ($vne. A0e s #o"re&#e6 >e !y !o0o po(re!n6 !y s " !e"pe1i0o %p0n presn ur1enie (oh(o v/s0ed-u6 >e 0en .e(renie v s%vis0os(i n rovn 0 nie-(or !ody podro!ne&.ie -on-r(ny# (o6 >e !y #oho0 !yD rovn -o pr vdepodo!n6 >e (u (vrdi06 0e!o odpo1$v D n -/ch-o2ve- os(r/ch predpisov. V (o#(o oh2 de6 n ihris-u6 n spodne& hr nici ( # &e pr vdepodo!ne (ie> horn' hr nic Per"ep(ions35hi<-ei(6 #=>e (o !yD -/-o2ve- pr$p d6 >e &e (o nepr vdepodo!n6 -eT s nie1o -on' v rovn -/ch o!0 s(i ch 3 r!y. A- &eden predpo-0 d'6 >e "'-ony re"on ncie6 o -(or s vi!r'ci$ #i#o o- #ed"i e0 s(ic- #di$ -o#uni-ov D6 (o & vyh0'senie 2 h-/ch vi!r'ci$ s% pou>i( n sie(nici6 (o #=>e do-onc vy"er D6 >e &e nu(n6 !y sie(nice n &&ednoduch.ie 3 r!y re"onu&e s -(orou -onsonier( n &vi c6 po-i 2 pru>n (e0o v re"on ncii (o " rovn -/ch pod#ieno-6 po1%v D "vu- n &vi c6 -de po1u0i -yvn ne"'vis0e6 " (oh(o poh2 du6 C. Hersche06 ?e00oni A. See!ec-Vv v"i D pred#e(. +en s #i "d' pre&sD ve2-% D >-osD6 >e sie(nic s # o se!e nie &e vy-on'v &%ci v ur1i(o# 3 re!n/# sve(0o#6 0e v !ie0o# sve(0e6 " predpo-0 du6 >e 1iern "ornho po2 s u" vre(/# o-o#6 1o preds( vu&e n$"-y s(upeU ci(0ivos(i sve(0 6 !e"3 re!n/6 o!y1 &n/ sve(0 !0i- &%ce v #or!$dne podr'>denosD o- 6 -o #=>e# uviesD n se! 6 &e !ie0 0e!o n n &v/. ve2#i ne&edno"n 1n >0(- s(/6 nie (o6 1o #=>e !yD ce0-o# od0i.n/ od !0i- &%ce !od-y. Po predpo-0 d6 0e !y sie(nice s # o se!e6 !e" von- &.ieho !udeni 6 ro"hodo0 v (/ch(o 3 rie! pr%du6 pre -(or/ &e n &vi c vn$# v/. Be" oh2 du n (o si ne#ys0$#6 re"on n1n (eErie v$"ie pre de-v'(ne6 #oh0 !y !yD
s('0e pou>i(e2n' > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 #ys0$#6 >e (o &e u>i(o1n u-'" D6 -o s(e s sn >$6 !y (oK pre(o #=>e n s0edov D pods( (u poh2 de " Hersche06 ?e00oni See!ec(u. @. Hersche0 v &eho pr'ci n sve(0e6 i. RQS6 &e vy& dren' n s0edovneP XA& -eT - >d/ (0 - - >d/ -on(ro0ov n/ pod2 "'-on pohy!u s .$ri rovn - e0 s(ic- pros(ried-y 1 s(ic #i6 po(o# &eden s "vy.u&e6 0e v (eErii sve(0 6 -(or' 0en pri#i($vne .o-y s vr c &% po pr vide0n#u pr'v v rovn -/ch 1 sov/ch in(erv 0och6 s op -u&e #noho-r'( " se!ou6 #=>e(e &u "die2 D s n .i#i (e0 #i poci( sve(0 . ; %1e0o# s( noveni 1 s(ice nervov n .e& sie(nice s sprievodn/#i %1innosDou v pohy!e6 &e ( -#er ne-one1ne # 0 .-'ry susedn/ch 1 s($c (eru &e po(re!n 1 s(o pr vide0ne op -u&% ich %1in-u rovn -o reprodu-ov D " #er ni . Rovn -o -o ve2- -yv d0o o ve2#i # 0 si0y &e 1 s(o p0i-ov n/ v o!do!$ n rovn -e&6 1o " osci0 1n o!do!$ rovn -/ presne rovn -6 &e #o>n n s( viD6 !y vi!rov 06 0e!o -o pevn e0 s(ic- (e0eso vi!r'ci #i T 0.ie v"di 0ene&.ie !ody6 n "'-0 de .$reni rovn -/ v"ducho#6 (ie> s dos( ne do -/vne pohy!u6 -eT s% o! & v h r#Enii6 #=>e#e predpo-0 d D6 >e hru! nervov/ch v0'-ien sie(nice s% s( noven neus('0eho op -ov ni (eru !e (y v pohy!e6 (o 0en (ie6 !ude pohy!ov D6 1o !y v"h2 do# - ich ve2-os(i6 (v ru pru>nos(i s% schopn$ dosi hnuD v o!do!$ ich -#i( nie6 v -(or/ch s% .o-y op -ov D. T/#(o sp=so!o# #=>e(e vidieD sve(0o6 -o n pr$-0 d o!#ed"enie vidi(e2n/ch 3 rie! n o('"-u #us$ !yDK pre(o6 >e - >i dn nervov v0'-n s vi!r'ci #i6 -(or s% vi c 0e!o #ene& 1 s(o6 ne> nie-(or pevn hr nice sp0/v &%6 po(o# ( - -#i(y6 & -eT s dos( n% n sie(nici6 0e nevy(v'r &% do&e#. T - (ie> prin'. &edno(0ivc 0e!o nepr vide0ne op -ov n dop d nie sve(0 von6 ( - #=>e(e po-r 1ov D "n (e2n do!u (ie> vyviedo0 v sie(nici osci0'ciou6 hoci s-u(o1n' pr$1in pres( 06 1o sp=so!u&e poci( sve(0 s pred0>u&e. X ?e00oni ro"v$& 0 &eho #y.0ien-y v 0is(e Ar <o v C9MJTI. inD T. :,V6 s. 8GM6 1o v pre-0 de v POGG,. Ann. ITie> +:,, c36 GRF. +V,6 RSZ6 pod n dpiso#P #ies(o6 XPo"n'#-y - 3 r!enie sie(nice o1n .o.ov-yX pod ?i(!e"u<n h#e n A- d#ii vied 1$( D v *e po0e po&edn n$6 -de s vy& dri0 rovn -/ n'"or. On hovor$P XPo pr'ci vyvinu(/ v nie-o2-/ch uveden/ch princ$pov po&edn nie <esch5he vide0 cnosD eO(r#ne r/ch0y#i vi!r'ci #i6 -(or er3Yhren nervy #o0e-u0y sie(nice pod vp0yvo# ur1i(ho po1(u v(herundu0 (ionen. Tie(o vi!r'cie pov >ov n vo v"D hu ro"die0ne6 !y s s0ne1n spe-(ru# s-0 d nie v0neni nie &e "'vis$ n #no>s(vo pohy!u6 -(or vyp0/v &% " v51.e& 1i #en.e& 2 h-osD6 s -(orou n s0edu&%6 1 s(ice sie(nice - (e& 1i one& (eru -#i( ni . !y (o !yD hovoren/ -us(ic-6 druh re"on ncie sie(nice6 &e n p'& n/ " -ordu 0e!o h r#onic-/ v"D h - &e pr$(o#n' #ed"i n p5($# pru>nos(i &eho #o0e-u0'rnych s-up$n o!do!ie dop d &%ce v0ny. X X;v0nenie 0e>i #i#o dv 0i#i(y spe-(r #=>e !yD n sie(nici ro"ru.iD >i dny vi!r 1n/ pohy!6 pre(o nevidi(e2n/6 pre(o>e !<in<e --o2ve- (e(ivy s #o0e-u0'rnou e0 s(ici(y #e#!r'ny o- 6 #ed"i >0(e& or n>ove& po0e>i 1-y6 ( -6 v "'vis0os(i n Fr unho3er 6 # Oi#'0ny svie(ivos(i "odpoved &%ce& "v0nenie s n &vi c ho#o<nny spo#$n nho pru>nos(i sie(nice vi!r'ci$6 !y v. - pos-y(u&%6 #o0e-u0y -o>e poved D n &v/r "ne&.i pohy!u vi!r'ci$. X
XCe "re&#6 >e pod2 (e&(o (eErie6 n pr$-0 d po - >d in6 -(or s% -oncipov n ( -6 !y vysve(0iD videnie op(ic- & vy v.eo!ecne6 #no>s(vo sve(0 "'vis$ n in(en"i(e >i reni 6 pre n's v .$r-e #o0e-u0'rnych vi!r'ci$ v"ni-'6 pre(o>e " rovn -/ch o-o0nos($ #=>e !yD " d=vodu &eho s0 !e& -ordu s n p5($# sie(nice #o0e-%0 ve2#i do!re ro"v$& D des D-r'( #ene& sve(0 -o >0(/ 0%16 n pr$-0 d6 #odr/ 0%1 s0ne1nho spe-(r 6 i! >i ri ci e3e-( o!och 0%1ov !y s s #o"re&#e rovn' 6 -eT vi!r 1n (E#y v #odre& "v0nenie des D-r'( v51.ie6 ne> pries(or pre.ie0 v >0(o# "v0nenie. X X?oho0 !y s po#ery #ed"i in(en"i( #i (/ch(o r="nych vi!r 1n/ch pohy!ov (eru6 v n .o# pr$s(upe6 pos-y(ov n pros(redn$c(vo# r="nych (ep0o('ch6 1o predpo-0 d'6 do!re osrs(en/ s + #p!0 c- (her#os-opischer (e0 pod vp0yvo# r di'cie.X ?e00oni - "'veru6 (er " v (o#6 >e " (i 2 1o (ep0o( svie(ivosD od 3i 0ove& r s( n >0(% so se!ou6 (ep0o( "o >0(e& n 1erven%6 0e s('0e r s(ie6 " (i 2 1o svie(ivosD 1erven/ch -0es' od >0(e&6 po(re!u sie(nice #ene& s%"nenie s or n>ov' 1erven'6 -o uspo-o&iD so >0(/#i 0%1#i6 -(or "'ver s #o"re&#e u> o!& vi "'v5"n6 po-i 2 rovn -/# sp=so!o# "ni>u&e (ep0o sve(0o spe-(r 6 # Oi#u# &e ( - (ep0o & s >0(o Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 0e v #ierne od0i.ne& 3or# # Oi#o# v se!e #=>u !yD vyro!en " nerovnho "n$>enie (ep0 & su i! v #ierne od0i.ne& podo!e. f 0.ie ?e00oni &e (vrdenie6 >e sie(nic n &0ep.ie -onsoniere so >0(/#6 hr' vo v"D hu - >0( " 3 r!enie sie(nice6 -(or' &e pri #o -ons( (ier! r n ("v Sj##erin<[schen >0(e& .-vrny6 pod2 ?e00oni & "vy.o- sie(nice6 -eT "0o>$ " ur1i(/ch !e"pe1nos(n/ch op (ren$6 pod2 -(orho6 " in/ch o-o0nos($6 -eT dospe0 - "'veru6 >e &e 0ep.ie vidieD >0(e& .-vrny 0en pre(o6 >e " v51.e& hr%!-y nervove& vrs(vy. XTe0o &e v s-u(o1nos(i L pod2 ?e00oni L 1erven6 "e0en 0e!o #odr6 v "'vis0os(i n n p5($ &eho 1 s($c -onsonier( vi c s osci0'ciou o!do!ie 1erven/ch6 "e0en/ch 0e!o #odr/ch vHn6 (o nu(ne vyp0/v 6 >e 0'(- 6 -(ore& 1i s(o1-y (o pod vp0yvo#6 0e!o ho&d 1- 6 >e sve(0o v0nenie 0ep.ie &e po(re!n vo 3 r!e. X A. See!ec- vedie svo& n'"or v po.(ove& spr've - Po<<endor33 pod n dpiso# XPo"n'#-y - re"on ncii & s 3 rie! v spe-(reX v POGG,. Ann. +:,,6 RS76 s oh2 do# n predch'd" &%ce pr'ce Iv rovn -e& p r(y S. G99F6 v -(oro# s "isDov 0o6 -o vi!r 1n' pru>n' dos- vo v"duchu s chov' v re"on ncii. XOd (e& (eErie ?i((jnens6 hovor$6 !o0o "is(en6 >e dos- 6 -o so# s ( # predpo-0 d'6 v0 s(n #no>s(vo vi!r'ci$ n &e " si hnu(/ v0nou v0 -y 3or#u0'r a cos I mt ^ F v>dy po ur1i(e& do!e v pohy!u prech'd" 6 -(or/ !y cos I mt E F &e pred0o>en/6 -de A#p0i(%d -#i( nie v51.$ v po#ere - ich6 (/# #en.i &e m o n &e in/. X XVe2#i 2 h-o vyp0/v "o v"orc n'&den pre na n s0edu&%ce& ve(e RMF 6 XA- s nech'#e dos- dv rovn -o si0n (Eny s%6 ( ->e &e ?i((jnen rovn -e& in(en"i(y6 v pr$p de6 >e vy..$ (En rovn -ho hudo!nho in(erv 0u v (Ene dos-y &e6 -o s h0!.ie pod rovn -6 n pr$-0 d6 - &e (o (y6 vy..$ o .(vr(inu pod .(vr(iny6 -o v0 s(n/ "vu- dos-y. ; (oh(o d=vodu6 - (o#u <r 3 si0y (/#6 >e re"on n1n v0nov dH>-y -o %se1ie- in(en"$( ?i((jnens -o s%r dnice6 ('(o -riv- nie &e sy#e(ric-/ n o!och s(r n'ch svo&ho # Oi# 6 0e p d' n s(r ne -r (.ie r/ch0o.ITie !y !yD sy#e(ric-'6 -
s -on 0 v0nov/ch dH>o-6 -(or/ch 0o< ri(#y -o %se1ie-F. X Po v"h2 do# n ori<in'0y IPo<<. 0Oii6 P0 (e ,,,6 o!r MF " "n #en n -riv-y (/ch(o in(en"$( See!ec-Vv po-r 1u&eP XBude# s sn >iD pou>iD (ie(o %v hy n ("v re"on ncie sie(nice6 pod hro"n/# < r nciou " predpo-0 du6 >e s-=r v/r "ne&.ie (eor#6 -(or/ !o0 n'&den/ n po"dH>nych vi!r'ci$ "vu-ov/ch vHn6 -(or #=>u !yD preveden v r'#ci ur1i(/ch o!#ed"en$ prie1nych sve(e0n/ch vHn . X XPoT#e si preds( viD6 >e sie(nic s s-0 d' " 1 s($c6 -(or (vori pre se! 6 v "'vis0os(i n n h n r'> 0 v0 s(n/ch vi!r'ci$6 doce0 s (/#i ( nieri. Su!&e-($vne sve(0o6 -(or vn$# #e vT - pr%do# 0e!o e0e-(ric-ho v/!o& v v"ru.enie " o- 6 !y po(o# pr vdepodo!ne eOis(u&e v (/ch(o v0 s(n/ch vi!r'ci$ v sie(nici. Predpo-0 d &#e6 >e hodno( n &e rovn -' pre v.e(-y 1 s(ice sie(nice6 >e su!&e-($vne sve(0o &e ho#o<nny6 0e!o (o6 1o ro!$ (o is(6 vych'd" #e i! (ie 1 s(ice do %v hy6 -(or v.e(-y rovn - n # &%6 (er " #=>e#e !yD v (o#(o 1 s(ice sve(e0n v0ny -(u 2u!ovo2ne& dH>-y6 ( ->e vi!r'cie sie(nice po ur1i(e& do!e6 -(or' " v"ru.u&%ce v0ny v0 -o#6 0e #us$ !yD isochronisch6 (/#6 >e &e si0ne&.$6 (/# #en.i &e v0nov' dH>dop d &%ceho sve(0 od ich v0 s(n/ Isu!&e-($vnyF sve(0 6 sie(nice s 0$.i . *ech n'# (ed v>dy po v0n'ch r="nych dH>o-6 0e rovn -% pevnosD Irovn - hodno(y (od) 6 #us$ !yD p=so!i ce n sie(nici &eho re"on ncie v/s0edn vn$# nie sve(0 " nerovn -e& si0y6 %1in-y n n .e (e0o od re"on n1ne& -riv-y6 (o !y !o0 repre"en(ov n/6 podo!n/ (o#u6 -(or/ so# n -res0i0 n dis-6 po#ocou hodno(y n b #us$ !yD s( noven' n "'-0 de s-%senos($. X
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XTen &e (er " v s-u(o1nos(i pr$p d6 -(or/ so# presved1i0 s'# se! (/#6 >e porovn' Fr unho3er[scher #er nie pred ne& -/# 1 so#.X . See!ec- &e (er " u> p G87 &e uveden "n$>enie pri"# (ic- spe-(r n #rie>-y spe-(re6 -(or s% uveden T 0e& (ie> -riv- IPo<<. +:,,6 P0 (e ,,,6 o!r ZF6 T 0e&P XPorovn'v D (%(o -riv-u s predch'd" &%cou Io!r. MF6 o- #>i(e s#e si v.i#0i " ve2#i nerovnho prie!ehu o!och6 -(or L v s%0 de s pod#ien- #i po"n #en 0i v %vode L s-u(o1n in(en"i(y I G m G F nie &e &edno(n' v ce0o# ro"s hu #=>e ro".$riD ro"s h od # Oi#'0ne& #' ve2#i od0i.n% si(u'ciu #ed"i dvo# !od#i s rovn -/# & so#6 ne> !y !o0o #o>n s re"on n1nou -riv-y pre rovn - si0n v0ny. Ce (er " si0 v0n nerovn pre r="ne 1 s(i spe-(r 6 <r 3 & su6 #us$ !yD 3un-ci (o s% nerovnho re"on n1n schopnos(i sie(nice6 ( ->e !y s%di0 druhe&6 !y 10ove- #use0 po"n D Iin(en"i(u v0nyF6 !/v 0/. ? Oi#'0ny & s #us$ "'visieD n pov he (/ch(o dvoch pre#enn/ch. !erie -o si0 v0ny " 1ervene& n neus('0e s Vio0e( od L -o s "d' e.(e !yD pr$p d " predpo-0 du princ$pu iden(i(y6 -eT d'(e (% nerovn .$renie v pr vouh0 o!r'"-u v " s('v-e6 ( ->e !y v #o&ich pod#ien- ch6 (& v0 s(n vi!r 1n #no>s(von sie(nice u> #odr' "e0en' 0e!o #odr' p'd do RZF . To &e ve2#i od0i.n/ v/s0edo-6 ne> (en6 -(or/ &e pre ?e00oni6 !e"pochy!y " ve2#i ro"die0nych v/chodis-ov/ch predpo-0 dov6 prech'd" (/#6 >e n &v51.iu schopnosD odo"vy n #ies(o6 -de &e & s vrcho0 vn$# n'. XA- &e po(re!n v (o#(o do-u#en(e s% d=vodo#6 pre1o "e0en' 3 r! n .ich o1$ &e ( - !enevo0en(n/b s'#6 po(o# s n &v51.ou pr vdepodo!nosDou !ude # D su!&e-($vne sve(0o !ude (ie> "e0en 0e!o #odr s(6 1o &e6 #ys0$#6 nie &e po(vrden'.X XC so# vy-on 0 (en(o v/po1e( n "'-0 de &ednos(r nnho predpo-0 du6 >e v.e(-y 1 s(i sie(nice v.e(-y rovn - n # D6 pre(o>e (o nevy"er 0o6 >e &e - ni1o#u pre #U 6 n 0E<ie6 n -(oro# &e &eden od#ie(nu(/ r " v (e&(o veci6 vy-on n n (/ch(o &ednoduch/ch pr$-0 doch. Av. - s do#niev #6 &e (en(o s( v s'# o se!e nie &e pr vdepodo!n. ?us$ 0e nie-o2-o n2u!ovo2ne predpo-0 d D6 ( ->e (o !ude #o>n6 !y -/-o2ve- d n/ ro"s h & su s d nou dis(ri!%ciou vHn si0n/ch s(r'no- v s%"vu-u. T/#(o sp=so!o# &e6 " predpo-0 du6 >e princ$p iden(i(y #o>n " chov D #y.0ien-u re"on ncie sie(nice6 0e!o sn'T " nie-o2-/ch ( -/ch(o re"on nciou6 -o si #=>e (ie> ro"de0enie (ep0 v spe-(re 0e!o vs(upu&%ce do sie(nice 1 s(i. Bi s v. -6 >e hodno(y n 6 -(or #usi !yD pri& ( !y #er d0o (ep0 s ro"s ho# & su v s%0 de6 s% n o" & v pr$rode o- 6 (ie> pr vdepodo!n6 >e !ude vhodn uviesD nie-o2-o %d &ov su!&e-($vne (v're vys(%penie. X b; bo3' 3oho3' a ro)3 !,6 /!3) )+4 1kov./ ob,as1 sv!1,a a )v6k6. A-o !ody "#0uvy s% n &#5 n s0edu&%ce re-0 #ov D. 7F poci(y sve(e0n/#i "vu-ov/#i vne#y s% "#yse0n poci(y6 -o6 & -eT v ino# "#ys0e6 h0 vn "'s dy n'.ho vy..ieho duchovnho v/vo& 6 (o -o ve2- #no>s(vo %pr v6 A!\ nde0un<en de#on('> po"orov n$# v r="nych u33 A! re6 - nie v s-u(o1nos(i ro"veden/ s(r ny I.-ro! 3 r! do-'>e s 2 h-/#6 si0 6 v/.- (En v (EneF.
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Ie*m(o*t/ (JoDD. FCI1, IT) / na &iac refranDib*e -ast0 s*ne-n(o spektra (i/o*o&an'c( / asn'c( -astiac( spektra po&a.o&an2 a be/ ro/pt'*en(o s&et*a, a to prostredn0ct&om sk*enen(o (rano*a Det) nas*ed, 7ci popis\ "1 tma&'c( miestac(, med/era med/i riadkami L a I pomerne ednotn' fia*o&2 farba, ktor2 sa &/+a(, e a na ob*asti Ntokes "sk,pina O. Jod)a s*ab8ie fia*o&2 e, t'm &iac sa dostane n2dyc( r,.o&e . nac(2d/a >&'8enie inten/ity s&et*a, farba t;n modre ako a _a*e e st2*e &iac a &iac od fia*o&e ,. potom ide do be*a&o 8ed2 modr2 1y88ie fia*o& *7-e mimo
sk,pine I nasta&i+ ro/sa( farieb nie e & s7*ade s fia*o&o, 0s+ pre-, a*e s7 op<+ indiDo modr2 pri n0/ke inten/ite s&et*a, bie*ym modre , kde sa podar0, .e & ot&oroc( &<-80c( . 1ide* som ce/"fia*o& s&et*o ,k2/a*o nieko)ko _a*80c( ),d0, aby nebo* ok*aman' /&*28tnos+ s&o (o oka, a &8etky farby ,r-en' sp5sobom som ,. ,&iedo*. >o &8etk'c( t'c(to kre(k'c( farebn'c( odtie=oc(, tak.e s&et*o e s*ab' fia*o&', napr0k*ad / ob*asti &edenia 9 bM) fia*o&2 _a*8ie: a*e e odde*en' &e)k' ro/die* &o farbe ro/sa(, e6trmne -er&ene . Xeden m5.e &yt&ori+ &e)k mno.st&o r5/nyc( farieb fia*o& t;ny, ktor m5., by+ /araden med/i &8etk'mi farbami oboc( koncoc( spektra & mo om apar2te mie8an0 fia*o&2 a -er&en2. "
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?us$ !yD chy!ne IHbF6 od (e& do!y p (r$ - 1ervene&.
1 in'c( miestac( (JoDD. FCI1, Z`[) (o&or0 (& s7&is*osti s t'm, .e prostredn0ct&om kri8t2) apar2t, /0skan spektr,m)\ "oko >da*o sa, .e pre na &/dia*ene 8ie o fia*o& *7-e s*nka nemene st,p=a cit*i&osti, ako pre ob*as+ m do ro/sa(, C(ininpapier. ,ka/, e na pr0tomnos+ radi2cie, c0ti*a oko. >mena farby som mo(o* & ce*om ro/sa(, * a. do konca ne&8imo*, okrem to(o, .e s*ab8ie miesta ,k2/a*a fia*o&2 &iac podobn' indiDo modre . 18etky indiDb*a,en *7-e, a*e pri ni.8e as, podobne ako fia*o&7. 1/()adom ro&nak7 inten/it, s&et*a, a*e /da*o sa farb, na fia*o& .iarenie, a*e e be*a&', ne. be.n indiDb*a,en. " Hsse*bac( (JoDD. FC1III, b1b) (o&or0, .e (s o()adom na, na&r(n,t' s (orsk(o kri8t2), pr0stro o&) spektr,m\ "fy/io*oDick' do em e & -asti ,*trafia*o& / % do A e ro&nak'" "Oa&ender si&2", "ako med/i riadkami O a %. &<-8ina *iniek sa ob a&ia &e)mi ostr na matne 8ede modre kra ine, s ni.80m asom / d5&od, ob a&ia *esk*' indiDo modre , a na &<-8i, s*abos+ niekedy, na m< na (raniciac( /ornom po*i, &o ro/(od*a fia*o&e T2to (ra farieb & priebe(, po/oro&an0 -asto &idie+ ce*kom pra&da s Ie*m(o*t/ &ys&et*enie to(to. farba /2pas, po ic( kr2tke &*ny s7 &n0man ako mene inten/0&ne fia*o& -iasto-ne priamo a -iasto-ne prostredn0ct&om medi2cie bie*e, /e*enkast modr2 f*,orescencia. " 8F s#e "vy1 &ne 0en vidieD o!o# o1 #i 0en po1%v D i! s o!o# u. #i. 9F ( -6 -o (o )h p. MN &edincov6 -(or$ ( # # &% re <ov D n "vu-y o ur1i( percen(o nor#'0ne po1u(e2n/ (En s(upnice6 -o (ie6 -(or s% ci(0iv n ur1i( 1 s(i !e>ne vidi(e2n 3 re!ne& .-'0y. To(o porovn nie vych'd" u> A. See!ec-Vv IPo<<. +:V,,,6 ZQ7F. ao#pi0'ci r="nych 3orie# chy!nho vn$# ni 3 rie! #o>no n'&sD o-re# inho v RUTE v o3( 0#o0E<ii s(r 7S9 n s0 H0 vn/#i !od#i ro"die0u6 v. -6 s% n s0edu&%ce #us$ !yD up0 (nen'. 7F sve(e0n "vu-ov vne#y nosiD in% "'-0 dn% ch r -(er. GF Pov h o-o0nos(i von- &.$ch vi!r'ci$6 -(or s0%>i -o podne(y pre pre!udenie sve(0 "vu-ov/ch poci(ov "#ys0ov/ch or<'nov6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(or/ch s% pren'. n do nervovho p r'(u6 s% ve2#i od0i.n sve(0o# "vu-o#6 -(or/ (ie> ro"die0y pre!udi0 vn%(orn procesy v n .ich nervovho sys(#u6 " -(or/ch poci( 3un-1ne s%visi cich6 #=>u !yD pov >ov n " pr vdepodo!n.
MF sve(0 6 pri1o# sve(e0n vne#y s "o!udi0 v n's6 &e (o predov.e(-/# vT - ve2#i r/ch0e& r/ch0o vypes(ov n/ch -#i(ov ve2#i # 0ou #p0i(%dou v i#ponder !e0n6 ve2#i (en- #di'6 (eruK "vu-u6 ( ->e "vu-ov vne#y s "o!udi0 v n's6 v re0 ($vne ove2 po# 0.$ po# 0.$ vypes(ov n/ch vi!r'ci$ ove2 v51.ou #p0i(%dou v ponder !0e hus(e&.ie #diu#6 vo v"duchu. T$6 -(or$ n "'-0 de s #o(ne& posuno# (eru 1 s($c pro(i se!e6 !e" -onden"'cie &e& "riedenie v (eri6 (o. B0$"-osD v"di 0enosD 1 s($c s -o#presiou &e& "riedeni v"duchuSve(e0n vi!r'cie s% prie1ne6 (& n &eho s#ere .$reni sve(e0nho 0%1 6 -(or' &e -o0#' #=>e !yD 0ine'rne6 -ruhov6 e0ip(ic- # &% .iro-% .-'0u "0o>en/ch (v rovK v"duchov -#i(y s% po"dH>ne6 (& v s#ere p'du s s#ero# .$reni "vu-u6 s#er "vu-ovho 0%1 spo0o1ne6 nie s% v spore v rovno#erne hus(ho v"duchu6 #usi !yD pov >ov n " pri #e& 0$nii. ZF Pri n s( vov n$ o1n% s( ros(0ivosD s " (o6 >e sve(e0n 0%1e vych'd" &%ce " !odu6 op5D "$du v #ies(e nervu -o>e pri& (ho 0%1e sve(0 sve(e0n/ch do&#ov n &uO( ponieren podo!n/# sp=so!o# n sie(nici6 -o vo von- &.o# sve(e6 ( - >e o!r " von- &.$ch o!&e-(ov n sie(nici. Pri n s( vov n$ ucho >i dn ( - " ri deni !o0 vy-on n'6 ( # #=>e !yD >i dny "vu-ov/ o!r " " von- &.$ch o!&e-(ov v uchu v"ni-n%D. * pro(i (o#u6 - s% sp0nen in podivn in.(i(%cie6 ich in(erpre('ci v"h2 do# n vn$# nie "vu-u v 1 s(i6 do ur1i(e& #iery &e &edno"n 1ne & sn6 do uch . S(o&$ " "v0'.(nu po"ornosD s% nie-(or &e#n s dy -2%1ov6 s -(or/#i -onc s0uchovho nervu s% nov n (o#ic- o!& vy vo v"D hu6 !ude n s0edov D6 !y s vr'(i0 do0e. RF R="ne s0uchovho nervu v0'-n do&e# pries(orov ved2 se! 6 nie &e #o>n "$s- D6 -o &e (o#u v pr$p de " r="nych op(ic-/ch v0'-ien s%1 sn/# r="nych (Enov >i dny in/ do&e#6 -o s%r dnice pries(orov6 1o &e ro"die06 -(or/ &e ne"'vis0/ n >e "vu-ov 0%1e (vori o!r " "ne&%ce o!&e-(y do uch K pre(o6 >e -eT s predpo-0 d'6 >e sve(e0n 0%1e6 !y s #ies( 6 sc ((er n sie(nicu6 -o &e (o#u v pr$p de nedos( (-u u!y(ov nie6 -(or' s o!& v$ v pries(ore .$ri pries(orovo eOp0ici(n/ !e" oh2 du. QF vn$# nie sve(0 #' schopnosD pries(orovo #=>u !yD n vrhnu(6 spo0o1ne s h# (ov/ vne#6 " (i 2 1o pre vn$# nie "vu-u !e" "odpoved &%ce& %"-y v"D h eOis(u&e s in/# poci(o#. SF & !e" von- &.ieho sve(e0nho s(i#u0u #'#e "vy1 &ne poci( sve(0 6 1iern "orn po0e ne> u predch'd" &%cich dis-usi$6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 poci(y sve(e0n/ch endueues6 " (i 2 1o #y "vy1 &ne ne# &% "vu-ov/ vne# !e" eO(ernho "vu-ovho s(i#u0uK po -(oro# psychoL3y"ic-' -(ivi( videnie6 0e nie s0uchu v n .o# nervovo# p r'(u &e !e" von- &.ieho s(i#u0u n d pr ho#. 8F Ro"s h vidi(e2n/ch 3 rie! &e v n dv5"nos(i n ro-ov ni v predch'd" &%ce& 1 s(i (e&(o - pi(o0y6 si 7 o-('vy ^ 7 .(vr(6 v. -6 >e po1u(e2n/ "vu- &e ce0 1$s0o o-('vy. 9F #en('0ne -( po"ornos(i #=>e !yD " ur1i(/ch o!#ed"en$6 "vu- "#es ro"0o>iD ( -6 do svo&ich "0o>ie-6 -(or s #=>u !yD vedo#$ n's s(ried vo &edn pred druhouK v"h2 do# - (o#u6 1o s (/- 3 rie! "#esou po"ornos(i ( -' -($v si ne" s0%>i. Xedna M,*ti"JaDe sa poc(ybo&a*, a*ebo popre*, .e by & -istom TonDemisc(en
sk,to-n' ro/die* med/i ednot*i&'mi /&,kmi a namiesto to(o si t, podstatn' ro/die* e6ist, e ro&nak'c( farebn'c( /mes0. Ke_ (,dobn0ci po-,+ /*7 po/n2mk, na koncerte, a dokonca m5., &o*a+ na n2stro , ktor' (o da*, tak e to *en sk,to-nos+, .e e6istencia /*'m t;nom edne ,/nane & c(araktere, ktor' ce*' 0* /mes pri a+ sk,to-nos+, be/ to(o, aby a*e t0to na m< na /2k*ade po-,+, ako 2no, po/ri a pr0sad, odtie=om farby na bie*y st,dne a m5.e c&i-en oko ma*iara dokonca ro/(odn7+ o ak' dr,( mie8ania e /a*o.en', be/ to(o by &8ak mo(*a ma+ ro&nak' /d&i( a na m< odstr2nenie bie*e na &edomie. Tera/, nie e poprie+, .e ro/*08ite)nos+ -ist'c( t;no& & TonDemisc(en sa e(o spo*,,r-o&2na st,pne &'kon, a po/ornosti (ranice: keby som mo(*a by+ odk*onen2 na mo ic( &e)mi /*'c( (,dobn &ypo-,tie, a*e aby mi prida+ tak7 koncepci,, a*e nes7(*as0m s (,dobn0kmi &yt&oren &ypo-,tie ro/(odo* ro&nako. I,dobn' re.isr kapit2n & Oipsk, &ys&et*i* mi na mo om &'s*,c(, & ,r-enom estero&e tak, .e on bo*, &8ak, m5c+ po-,+ / nieko)k'c( akordo& nara/ nepoko n t;ny edne a*ebo dr,(e samo o sebe, a nie *en ke_ bo* ne-ist', a*e a pri ce*' akord e -ist2. 1 ro&nakom /mys*e, Ie*m(o*t/ &y adri* & nieko)k'c( miestac(, okrem in(o bc) \ "Tera/, sk7senosti ,ka/, 7, .e tam, kde matematicko"mec(anick &y8etro&anie pre,k2.e, /*o.en po(yby &Un, &y8ko*en' ,c(o ro/*08i+ /&,ky, ktor odpo&eda 7 na ednod,c( &*no&e po(yby & nic( obsia(n,t'c(, &r2tane, at_ ": a inde b[) e podporo&an2 &o &/+a(, k /&,ko&, & ktore /2k*adn (armonick. "1 be/prostrednom s*o&a /mys*e, a&8ak ednot*i& e6ist, 7ce ednod,c( t;ny, ak s7 riadne nap<t po/ornosti &.dy od seba odde*en tak, ako pric(2d/a 7 spo*, & my8*ienke & /myse*ne do em, .e rob0 /&,k ,r-it(o /&,-n'm te*a do na8ic( ,80, a patria &<-8ino, ,me* podpora po/ornosti na, aby sa odde*i*i ednot*i& pr&ky /*o.en pocit in', ako e pop0san, napr0k*ad, 8peci2*ne met;dy po/oro&ania &y.ad, e, aby sa pres&ed-i*, .e &n0manie te*esnosti ob ekt, po/er2te na f7/i, d&oc( r5/nyc( obra/o& ro&nak & obe o-i bo*i /a*o.en. " Tieto akcie Ie*m(o*t/ (po/ri ni.8ie) opis n2stro e, s ktor'mi tie. stano&, e &e)mi nesk7sen' & 8t2te, sa podte6tmi sa po-,+ ka.d' (,dobn' not, ", ktor' dotera/ " (o&or0 " 7*o(o, bo*o, .e iba be.no, pra6o, a s &e)k'm 7si*0m by mo(o* by+ &yrie8en' po/ornos+. "
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7NF ?ed"i(/#6 poci(y sve(e0n/ch "vu-ov/ch vne#ov v6 " rovn -/ch 3y"i-'0nych pod#ieno- IA#p0i(%d F "'vis0/ch6 .-ro! # &% spo0o1n/ psycho0o<ic-/ s(r n 6 v. -6 &e nie #ene& rovn -/ch 3y"i-'0nych pod#ieno- I3re-venci vi!r'ci$F "'vis$6 3 re!n ro"s(upo# psychic-y v o!och neporovn (e2n6 ( - dv poci(y d ne& 0en -v 0i( ($vne od0i.n "'-0 dn ch r -(er6 #us$#e u"n D6 s%1 sne. * ro"die0 od pri #eho poci(6 >e ro"die0 v (/ch(o pod#ien- ch v (e&(o o!0 s(i6 s% r="ne pre dvoch. 77F V (Enov s "vy.u&e s po1(o# re>i#e6 v/.- p0ynu0e 0en vo v"D hu - se!e n v"'&o#6 oni u- "u&% "v0'.(ny do&e#6 (re($6 .(vr(/6 pi (y6 o-('vy6 ) vo 3 r!'ch vide0 s r s(%ci# po1(o# cy-0ov nie &e s('0e r s(%ce #no>s(vo sen"'ci rovn -/6 0e "#en ch r -(eris(ic-/ch do&#y 6 1erven'6 >0('6 #odr'6 (o is( p0 ($ pre r/ch0os(i
vi!r'ci$ s #o(ne&6 (o nie0en o v"D hoch o (o#6 1o neeOis(u&e n 0E<ov/# $0 !oh (/6 ne>6 poved"#e6 vo "vu-u6 0e (u "'0e>$ 0en n sy#p (ic-/ch vi!r'ci$ vy..ieho r'du R9F . * op -6 do&e#6 -(or/ ro!$ -on(r s(n/ po#er 3 rie! n se! 6 nie n 0E<i si(u'cii (re($6 .(vr(/6 pi (y6 o-('v 6 (T v r$.i "vu-ov. Xhudo!n " 3 r!enie "'vis$ i! n pr$(o#nos(i si0e pod(eO(#i6 -(or s% o!si hnu( vo "vu-u6 nie ich 3'"ov/ch ro"die0ov XIHe0#ho0("ov/ch v POGG,. )V,,,6 s G89F. Av. -6 nie-(or o!#ed"eni o!si hnu(. Moser, & po ednan0 "K procese &idenia a &p*y& s&et*a na akko)&ek te*o" & JKLLI. 9nn. O1I, 1cc, & ktorom sa 7-inky s&et*a na sietnici s daD,erreotypisc(en s&ete*n'mi efektmi, nie identif*/iert oba a s7 & poro&nan0 so pre a&, e (str. 19Z) takto\ "aby sa farby, aby som tak po&eda*, 7p*n, na&/2 om by+ /m<ten', c0ti* r5/ne /&,ky nesp5sob, 7 tak. sme &8ak /mias+ pr0*i8 &ysok a &e)mi n0/ke po/n2mky, a*e )a(8ie sa tak de e / oby-a n(o ,c(a, ke_ *e.0 b*i.8ie t;ny, a ka.d' pr0pad e mimoriadne emn a (,dobne &/de*an' ,c(o , aby bo*o mo.n t;nom ob&yk* o/na-enie 8pecifiko&a+, /atia) -o oko +a.kosti to(to dr,(, ne&ie, pri ,r-o&an0 farby. %aopak, eden by mo(o* ma+ tendenci, &'8ky a*ebo (Ubky t;nom s inten/ito, ,r-it farby, a naopak r5/ne farby sa /&,k t;n, spo*,. Mir do8*o k nieko)k'm ),_om, ktor0 nie s7 pot&rden, ke_ .iada* *atter. " 7GF periodic- op -ov nie rovn -ho 3 re!nho do&#u s r s(%cou vi!r 1n 1$s0 6 -(or &e uveden pri 3i 0ove& 1ervene& n o!och -oncoch spe-(r #=>e6 !e" oh2 du n s-u(o1nosD6 >e pr$s(up - prv/ do&e# doch'd" po in(erv 0e p5(inu6 >e (en(o pr$s(up &e 6 v -(ore& s n o-('vov/ch in(erv 0och6 s-=r ne> op5D "n$>i0 "v/.i0 I1o #=>e !yD d=vodF6 i! nepr v v porovn n$ s periodic- op -ov nie6 1o preds( vu&e o-('vy in(erv 0 v (Enoch. ; (oh(o d=vodu &e s 1$s0 #i #ed"i vi!r'cie poci( #ed"i -oreUo# o-('vy v.e(-y po"n'#-yK T - (o &e sp=so!en (/#6 s-u(o1n/ ro"die0 #ed"i -oreUo# o-('vy n poci(6 " (i 2 1o 3 r!y #ed"i dvo# #ed"i ch ro"s hu pre poci( nie &e #ed"i 1ervene& 3i 0ove& ;d' s 6 >e -0 # D !ude e.(e #ene& #ed"i 1ervenou 1ervene&6 v pr$p de6 >e in(erv 0y o-('vy "odpoved &%cich 3 rie! !y. T/#6 >e &e v in(erv 0e o-('vy pro<res$vny prvo-6 -(or/ s -on' n (Eny >i dn 3 r! . 7MF Pre porovn nie v.e(-/ch 3 r!'ch poci( &e -o spo0o1n/ v/chodis-ov/ !od6 !ie0y6 -(or/ spo0u "'-on "n'#eho 3 r!y " predpo-0 du6 >e s% v.e(-y 3 r!y #=>e !yD viden/ -o odch/0-y od ne& v r="nych s#eroch6 " (i 2 1o poci( -o v/chodis-ov/ !od pre porovn nie v.e(-/ch "vu-ov 0en &ednoduch/ ! sov' po"n'#&e u>i(o1n'. 7ZF Ro"die0y v ro"s(upoch s% u> !e" oh2 du n 3y"ic-% op (reni n 1is(o psycho0o<ic- sp=so!y od- "o# n spo0o1n% &edno(-u6 v in(erv 0e o-('vy6 porovn (e2n so se!ouK 3 re!n ro"die0y ne# &% >i dny v"D h - ( -/#(o op (reni # poci( v se!e. 7RF Ro"die0 ihris-u o!& vi v rovn -o# po#ere s%visi cich 3re-vencie rovn vy..$ch ni>.$ch 1 s(i ch s(upnice (Enov6 nie -o ro"die0 3 rie! v r="nych 1 s(i ch 3 re!ne& .-'0e6 -o (o He0#ho0(" QNF n "'-0 de #er ni Esse0! ch porovn nie u1i 6
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1o Th A&6 S. 7SR hovori0o6 1o #=>e(e uro!iD po ( !u2-e v 1 s(i AF s #o(nho (e&(o - pi(o0e. ,n/#i s0ov #i6 "'-on @e!erVv p0 ($ pre ihris-'6 0e nie pre 3 r!y v "'vis0os(i n ich "'vis0os(i n r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$.
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uv'd" 6 Ber0. Ac d 78RR. S. SQN
>a t'mto 7-e*om, e nas*edo&n &ys&et*enie Ie*m(o*t/ & JKLLI. FCI1 1c "1 8irokom priestore od konca -er&en7 *inko, C do stanice /&,k, Aed men0 takmer nebadate)ne, ako m2*o /&,k, 1io*et riadk, L, pokia) ide o * 0s+. Jr0*i8 & oran.o&e a modre sa /men0 /&,k poma*y, a*e o&e)a &'ra/ne 8ie. %a (ranici .*te a /e*ene na edne strane a modre a /e*ene na dr,(e strane &8ak, prec(ody s7 tak r'c(*e, .e sa /da 7 by+ 7p*ne c('ba+, ak &e/meme do 7&a(y -ist' spektr,m be/ si*n(o /&<-8enia, a t, sk5r /e*en2 >d2 sa, .e pr0s+ priamo do -er&ena oran.o&7 a modr7 ob*o(,. Xedna od&0 a+ di&i+ mimoriadne bo(atst&o n2d(ern'c( odtie=o&, ktor tieto -asti spektra pri ednod,c(e s&et*o / t'c(to -ast0 e do&o*en pre s+ edn'm / d&oc( stUpco& posta&en mno, obra/o&ke a med/ery potom pos,nie poma*y. " 7QF Be" oh2 du n "odpoved &%ce 3y"ic-e& "'vis0os(i !y s#e v >i dno# pr$p de s pri-0'U - 1ervene& 1 s(i spe-(r h0!.ie6 porovn D #odre& 3i 0ove& vy..i po"n'#-y6 0e s-=r n op -6 !e" oh2 du n (o 1erven/ -o h0!o- (Eny po# 0.$6 3i 0ov' #odr' -o vyso- (Eny r/ch0e&.$ -#i(ov odpoved'. Lrai* M1) sa domnie&a, .e .i&' do em / -er&ene , preto, aby bo*o mo.n od&odi+, .e -astice /ost2&a 7 k&5*i poma*8iem, kmito& d*(8ia / poko o&e po*o(y 8ia*en, -o ,mo.=, e &<-8i, podr2.denie sp5sob0, .e pod)a m5 (o n2/or,, a*e &e)a m5.e by+ arD,mento&a*.
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7SF es(e(ic-/ do&e# " -o#!in'ci$ 3 rie! "'vis$ n %p0ne in/ch pod#ieno-6 ne> (Eny. CeL0i &edn ro"de2u&e v.e(-y po"n'#-y o-('vy n dve 1 s(i - >d' " o!och po0ov$c dohro# dy .(r &-u6 ( - 3y"ic-y6 0e nie #en('0ne n 0E< " dvoch v"'&o#ne s dop0Uu&%cich 3 rie!6 -(or s v"'&o#ne dopHU &% n !ie0u. Av. -6 3 r!y s% pr$&e#n - >d/ s'# " se! d D pr$&e#n -o#po"$cie6 pre!ieh n (Eny "v ru. M,*ti"robi* pok,s &yt&ori+ (arm;ni, farieb, &_aka ana*;Di, s Ton(ar /2pa* p)7c, ktor' nee6ist, e, a preto sa /d2 m2rne od /a-iatk, ma. 78F "0o>enie &ednoduch/ch 3 rie!6 3 r! #=>e !yD vyro!en/6 1o &e neodde0i(e2nou &ednoduch/ do&e#6 v -(oro# s% (vori ci do&#y "ru.en'. ; (i 2 1o n druhe& s(r ne6 &e s dohro# dy &ednoduch (Eny6 v/s0edo- &e v (Ene T r(ini (ie> v/s0edn/ &ednoduch/ do&e#6 -(or/ s podo!'6 >e " &ednoduchho "vu-uK 0e s-0 d nie do&#y s-0 d D spo0u s po-r 1u&%cou. 79F 3 r!y #=>e !yD &edn 6 u> produ-u&% "#es v.e(-/ch 3 rie!6 !ie0e&6 vhodnho do&e# dvo# &ednoduch/#i -o#p0e#en('rne 3 r!yK nie -o "vu- o spo&enie dvoch &ednoduch/ch (Enov. Po He0#ho0(" S-%s(e QGF Gr ss# nn (eore(ic-e& dis-usie QMF 6 " - >d/ch &ednoduch ho#o<nne 3 re!n 0%1e in/# ho#o<nn dop0n-ov 0%1 1is(o !ie0e
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V Vio0e( s 6 pre(o>e &eho s0 !os(i6 eO(r#n 0%1e s v0novou dH>-ou od 7QNN v.e(-y s% spo&en. Pre Green6 -(or/ neeOis(u&e v ( !u2-e6 -o#p0e#en( ri( (5r3 r!en &e po"rieD s do u0(r 3i 0ovho >i reni . Po#er v0nove& dH>-y -o#p0e#en('rnych "0o>ie- s pohy!u&e #ed"i .(vr(/# # 0' (erci K spoU (o &e "0 (o >0(e& #odre&. L ;v0'.(ne &e ro"de0enie dop0n-ov/ch 3 rie! v spe-(re.Po1 s "0 (e& >0(e& vy1niev po#erne T 0e-o od -r &ne& 1ervene& s% ich dop0n-ov 3 r!y Greenish #odre& "%rov' !0$"-o se! K " (i 2 1o eO(r#ne 3i 0ov' indi<o6 " !er &% ve2-/ pries(or v spe-(re6 n'&sD ich dop0n-y "e0enoL>0( 1is(o >0( 0en vo ve2#i %"-ych p'sovK To s%vis$ s vn$# n/# #0 d.ie -o 7R ro-ovF pod#ieno-. Dve dop0n-ov 3 r!y d D v.eo!ecne n rovn -e& in(en"i(y sve(0 v !ie0e& 3 r!e. A!y !o0o #o>n v prie#ere s n po#er6 #er n/ He0#ho0(" po !ie0e& !o0 vyro!en/ v 1o n &v51.e& #o>ne& do-on 0os(i6 .$r- #ed"ery6 -(or/#i preni-0i sve(0e&.iu 3 r!u6 ('(o .$r- s "ni>u&e po(o# ( - T 0e-o6 !y dr> 0 pred po2 (y1in-y6 -(or/ch dve iden(ic- (# v 3 re!n (iene "novu #er D .$r-u. Dve .$r-y d 0 pri!0i>ne po#er & su o!och "0o>ie- v !ie0e& 3 r!e. V/s0ed-y -0eso0 o sp=so!e6 -o s d 0o o1 -'v D d n/ Ia p.MNF 3 -(ov o #odi3i-ov ne& & su po#er pi<#en(ov s r="ny# #no>s(vo# osve(0enie6 ino# sve(0e6 s nerovn/# !so0%(nou si0y. Pri ni>.e& in(en"i(e sve(0 s vi c re3r n<i!0e 3 r!y6 re0 ($vne - n d#erne& h#o(nos(i. * n s0edu&%cich o!r'"-och s% i! "#ys0e pri!0i>n/ch prie#erov. V hi<h Pri s0 !o#
osve(0en$. Sve(0o. Vio0e( B ;e0en' k0(' 7 B 7N 7 B R ,ndi<o B k0(' 7 B Z 7 B M A"%rov' B Or n<e 7 B 7 7 B 7 ;e0en' ?odr' B Berven' 7 B N6ZZ 7 B N6ZZ. Po-i 2 ide o -o#po"i(u " &ednoduch/ch -o#p0e#en('rnych 3 r!'ch 1erven' "e0en'6 #odr'6 !ie0 He0#ho0(" si v.i#o06 o-o &e ve2#i ci(0iv n pr$#esou ve2#i # 0 #no>s(vo &ednoduch 3 r!y n !ie0u. A- uro!$(e "#ie. n o!och !ie0e nie &e %p0ne s0 !/6 0e s('0e si " chov'v s(r - (/ v ri !i0n/ povesD. XPo(o# "#ie. n 3 r!y s nie1o s u#ies(nen$# sie(nice6 -(or/ dos( 0 svo& i#id> "#eniD. U> Pur-ynw pou-'" 0 n (o6 >e !o1n 1 s(i sie(nice # &% r="nu ci(0ivosD n 3 r!y6 -o #ies(o -on ni pri #eho v/h2 du o!s0uhy n >0(e& .-vrne. ? 0 so# L hovor$6 >e He0#ho0(" L Berven' ;e0en' ?odr' spo&en ( -6 >e ni#i spo0o1ne ro"svie(i po0e s o!& vi0 rovn -o do!r/ -o #o>n vedieD6 s-=r prev >u&% n d 1erven%6 ( - (o !o0o o- #>i(e ro"hodnu(6 n "e0en%6 -eT so# opr vi0 i"!u susedi ce s sve(0 po0e !odu p pier . Rovn -/ !o0 pr$p d6 -edy so# vyr s( 06 prinieso0 o-o ( - !0$"-o6 >e po0e "#ie. n 3 r!y6 ve2#i ve2-' 1 sD o!0 s(i po-ry(e&6 ( ->e o-re# >0(e& .-vrny & #noho in/ch 1 s($ sie(nice v" 0 o!r ". V (o#(o eOperi#en(e6 chro# (ic- disper"ie v 0o#e o-o v s(rede ( - ve2-e& o!0 s(i ne# &% >i dny vp0yv. X GNF )h r -(eris(i- do&e# 3 r!y #i"ne !0$>i s !ie0e6 v pr$p de6 >e v "'vis0os(i n #p0i(%de vi!r'ci$ pevnos(i ich &e "v/.en'6 0e!o s n ne v"D hov 0i d0hodo! s0edov nie6 n op -6 #=>e !yD !ie0y 3 re!n/ pre(rv'v &%ce po"orov n$6 " (i 2 1o do&e# s(%p nie ni1 "odpoved &%ce vyh0'senie sho\. O vp0yve hr%!-y o v .ich s-%senos(i ch 3 rie! so# uro!i0 vo svo&ich eOperi#en(och n "!y(-ov/ QZF P X?=>e(e (o Iv (# ve& #ies(nos(i ce" o(vor " pus(en v o!chodeF s0ne1n p'de n op 1ne& s(ene (e#ne& #ies(nos(i po#ocou 3 re!nho s-0 6 ( - (o &e do!re "n'#y6 ve2 3 r!y s-0 . *ie &e (o ( -6 - s(e pri #o pros(redn$c(vo# 3 re!n s-0o poh2 de do s0n- . a(or s-0o &eden #=>e po>i d D6 !y s o!& v$ s0ne1n o!r "6 0e 0en #'0o 3 r!y6 ( -#er !ie0e 0e!o >0( # Oi#'0nu v n$"-ych h0 din'ch6 >e &e#n/#i pod2 3 r!y s-0 . S ( -/#6 0e in(en"$vne6 0e 0en s0 !o 3 re!n sve(0o s o!& v$ po(o# (ie> o!vy-0e prve& 3'"e vne#u6 hoci oni (ie> "re&# n " 1i (-u po#'h ,no-edy 3 r!u s-0 s #o(nho. X
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X* (ie s ro"hod0 6 >e hovor$ o " u&$# v/ eOperi#en(6 -(or/ d0hu&e#e Bre\s(er6 -(or/ &e dos( (o1ne 2 h-o po(vrdiD. ;v'>(e spe-(ru# sve(0 p0 #eU pri"#ou (rv 06 ( ->e prv "#i"ne6 1ervene& "e0ene& nie-(or #odr6 vid$#e s('0e vi c vi c6 !e" pohy!u o- 6 po(o# "#i"ne & >0(6 s "#en$ n !ie0u6 ( -6 >e &eden vid$ n #ies(o pri"# (ic-/ch 3 rie! i! rovno#erne !ie0y6 pre(i hnu(/ o!r " p0 #eU . Op5D p0 ($6 >e (en(o po"oruhodn/ eOperi#en( pod r$ !e" pro!0#ov6 -o so# po"orov 0i n &r/ch0e&.ie6 - s(e pevne n horn vie1-o po#ocou r%- " !ucho0 " !r'niD.6 s !ie0ou o!r "ov-u si po 7 ` G dosi hne #in%(u u#o>Uu&e po-0es vie1- !y sp5D o- #>i(e o(voren$# o- 6 o!& v$ s n #o#en( spe-(ru# s 3 r! #i6 !y s po(o# r/ch0o sp5D do !ie0eho sve(0 6 s #o"re&#e. X ?oser &e (en(o eOperi#en( spo0o1ne s 3 -(o#6 >e (ie> " hrnu(' v in - ro"die0nych d <uerreo(ypischen %1in-ov r="nych 3 re!n/ch 0%1ov X&edno(n/# %1in-o# v.e(-/ch 3 rie!6 >0(e& "e0ene& s !e"pe1ne pre!ieh D n &odid s(rie!orn/ v pr$p de6 -edy pos(upu&% (o(i> u(rpe0 Bud% po(o# n in.( 0ov D &odid po(o# -u -onden"'cii p ry or(u(i o1ierniD &u s T 0.ie po-r 1u&%ce eOpo"$cie. X Pos(upn !0ednu(ie 3 rie! s po-r 1u&%cou .pe-u0'ci$ &e o (o po"oruhodne&.$6 ne> n op - @hi(e pre(rv'v &%ce po"orov n$ &e 3 re!n/. V (e&(o s%vis0os(i !y so# v'# pripo#en%D n s0edu&%ce6 s% #o&e v0 s(n po"orov ni QSF P XT# v/ "'vo&6 s -(or/# in(ui($vne n 1ierno# po" d$ !ie0eho p pier " hgU pos(upne 0e-cie nie &e 1is(o !ie0 6 0e "vu-y r="nych 3 r!'ch od. ;v0'.D & sne i0us(ru&e & v6 - &eden vy-on'v eOperi#en( n pri #o# s0ne1no# sve(0e. A& po(o#6 1o s0edov 0 o1i po do!u " (voren6 !y s ods(r'ni0 3(ere33ec( predch'd" &%cich do&#ov6 rovn -o n !ie0e6 0e>i ce n 1ierno# p pieri n s0n-u po0e6 ( ->e so# si v prv/ch chv$2 ch6 n "'-0 de -e&si os0neni 6 !so0%(ne !e" spo2 h0ivho ro"hodnu(ie o pr$p dy6 pr$(o#nosD 0e!o nepr$(o#nosD .-vgn6 0e "d' s #i6 ro"v$& D > po ur1i(e& do!e6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 -o &e s-oro (o v pr$p de6 >e p pier "#en$ ro"hodne >0('6 po(o# #odr'6 siv' 0e!o #odr'6 !e" -(ore& !y so# s v 1 s(/ch po-usov o prechodn% 3'"u "e0en%. #=>e vn$# D6 -one1ne 1ervenoL3i 0ov 0e!o 1erven6 >0( 3'" &e n &-r (.i 6.6 #odr' 1 s(o (rv' po#erne d0h% do!u pred (/#6 ne> s spo&$ do T 0.e&.Po 1ervene& 0e!o 1ervenoL3i 0ov ne#'# >i dny in/ #=>e vn$# DK & -eT so# po-r 1ov 0 v
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. VG+ Vj0c-ers v ?Y00er Arch 78M8 s QZK Prevos( v POGG,. +:,,6 78ZZ6 s RQQ.K A. See!ec- v POGG,. +:V,,,6 78ZQ6 s ZRR.K ?os( v POGG,. . :)6 78RM6 s QNQK Ho0u!ic v POGG,. ),6 s 7ZS GMF *ie s#e rovn -o schopn$ 2u!ovo2ne vy(v'r D dvo& -/Lpo1%v nie -o dip0opi . GZF A- &e "vu- v &edno# uchu preni-' s #os( (ne 0e!o si0ne&.$ ne> os( (n$6 ( ->e s#e schopn$ ve2#i do!re ro"0$.iD6 -(or/ &e s'# 0e!o s v/hodou 33i"ier(e o!e u.iK Av. -6 nie s#e schopn$ ro"0$.iD6 " -(orho o!&e-( &e vidieD v o!och o1i ch. ao#pi0'ci p (r$ se# s-u(o1nos($ o-o0nos($6 -(or #'# vo svo&o# po&edn n$ X* nie-(or/ch pod#ieno- !ino-u0'rneho videni X v A!h nd0. S s-/ Soc. ? (hL Phys. )0. V6 s RZ8 n s0 uveden. %; &r!3&ok,a3'? k1or5 sa )3a"2 n!v'hn61n5 v'sv!1, = &r!3%h+3)a"2%! bo3' 3oho3' a ro)3 !,6. Ce %0ohou !o0 vy-on n'6 s% #en('0ne s dy r="ne sve(0 "vu-ov% sen"'ciu s 3y"ic-y "0 den -oncoch d D vo v"D hu - r="ny#6 psycho3y"i-y nie &e i#%nny vo1i (e&(o %0ohe.A0e 0en von- &.ie 3y"i-'0ne pod#ien-y s% o- #>i(e pr$s(upn pre n .e po"orov nie6 pre(o #=>u !yD !r n do %v hy 0en v pos0edne&K de-v'(ne psychoL3y"i-'0ne (eErie6 0e n -oniec s vr'(iD do vn%(orn/ch "'0e>i(os($6 princ$p (oh(o po-0esu !ud% #=cD !yD 0en (o6 >e s#e (/#6 " &edne& s(r ny n von- &.$ch 3y"i-'0nych pod#ieno-6 " -(or/ch &edn "'vis$ n vn%(orne&6 " druhe& s(r ny po#ery poci(6 >e s% "'vis0 n vn%(orn/ch 3y"i-'0nych pod#ien- ch !0$"-ych (oh(o se! K (o6 1o &e s('0e ne"n'#y neis(/ " &edne& s(r ny6 -(or$ chc% dop0niD " druhe& s(r ny. a/# (en(o dod (o- s('0e ponech'v #ed"ery 0e!o pochy!nos(i6 -(or "os('v &%6 1o s#e ( - o(voren6 i! hypo(" 6 #y s#e v (o#(o s#ere e.(e vi c6 0e!o #ene& -de-o2ve- n h2 dis- hypo("yK v. - #=>e !yD u>i(o1n h2 d D n &pr vdepodo!ne&.ou pred "$s- n$# is(o(u6 #i#ochodo# is(o(u v (e&(o o!0 s(i #=>e $sD 0en ce" s-%# nie pr vdepodo!ne v. de6 os(r' 1i r #ed"i n &pr vdepodo!ne&.$ hypo("y is(o(y &e v. de6 ne#o>no vyvodiD. To &e ces( - n'&deniu pr vdy v/#e(6 (& !e" (oho !y &u (u Tie>6 (o nie &e s'# psycho#o(oric- %ro-6 -(or/ hindr5n<( ur1i(/ch predpo-0 dov o pov he psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 -(or s% pred#e(o# n .ich poci(ov6 0e "'roveU 3y"ic- 3y"io0o<ic- (/#(oK do-onc & (ie presn vedci # &%6 -o #o>no vidieD " n s0edu&%ce& ci('cie ni>.ie6 n .ie0 pr$1inu n dop0nenie po"orov nie v (e&(o o!0 s(i pros(redn$c(vo# pov >u&e " nevyhnu(n hypo("y. Pr've " (oh(o poh2 du so# s preds( viD & *i>.ie s% uveden nie-(or6 nie-(or pred(/# pov >ov n " nevyhnu(n os( (n/#i6 1i s(o1ne n "'-0 de v0 s(nho s-%# ni # &e(-ov/ch v"D hov6 !y so# s "d' po(re!n hypo("y pre %1e0y T 0.ieho s-%# ni n . R d " nich6 &e ich ( # p5D ( -6 !y ne# 0 !yD "nepo-o&en'6 pre(o>e pos0edn .(yri s% 0en podro!n us( noveni o prve&6 "'-0 dn hypo("y6 -(or s% dr> n pohro# de spo&i(osD s-u(o1nosDou ( -6 >e (o#u ( - nie &e (o -o spo0o1ne6 ( - n "'-0 de spo0o1ne n (/ch(o *eOus . *i-(o nie &e ( - is(/6 >e #=>u
don%(iD u"n nieK 6 A0e (ie> nie s% u#ies(nen 2 h-o po &edne& pre"er nie. Prv/6 "'-0 dn/6 hypo(" &e6 >e -(ivi(y v n .e& nervove& s%s( vy6 -(or s% -(ivov n sve(0o# "vu-ov/# podne(o#6 " -(ore& 3un-1ne s%vis$ so sve(0o# "vu-o# poci(6 ni1 #ene&6 ne> podne( s'# pod 3or#e vi!r 1n/ch pohy!ov #ys0$. * od=vodnenie (e&(o hypo("y &e predov.e(-/# pou-'" D n (o6 >e preds( v o pov he hnu(i 6 -u -(or#u s chce(e pripo&iD n .e poci(y6 -o &e po(re!n "'-0 d v.e(-ho T 0.ieho vy.e(rov ni 6 ( -6 >e (o #=>e !yD 0en o n s( ven$6 >e 3 -(y po(re!u&e vysve(0enie n &0ep.ie vyhovu&e. Ter " sve(0o "vu- podne( &e osci0u&%c 6 od (e& do!y ni (eore(ic-/6 ni s-%senosD d=vod s do#niev D6 prie!e>n/ch pros(ried-ov prenosu6 -(or pr vdepodo!ne (ie> #=>e !yD re 0i"ov n/ v pro<res$vno# v/-yvno# pohy!e6 -o &e u> n (e&(o s(r'n-e6 osci0 1n/ ch r -(er6 n .e sve(0oL percep1n s0uch pred#e(6 pohy!y pr vdepodo!n. A& -eT s nie-(o chce pochopiD pre!udi0 sve(e0n/#i "vu-ov/#i "#eny s(i#u0 1n/ch s% che#ic- 0'(-y6 1o !y #oh0o !yD podo!n6 0e!o -o !y #oh0i !yD spo&en6 spoU !ude ich po1e( "n$>iD n "#eny v #o0e-u0'rne& po#ery v pos0edno# s(upni6 -(or6 - !y vi!r'ci$ !yD s(i#u0ov n' ! viD6 so(v 0$.i od se! #o>no preds( viD vo 3or#e vi!r 1n/ch pohy!ovK -de spo1i (-u #=>e "os( D nero"hodnu( pre v51.inu " o('"o-6 do -e& #iery (o #o>no "$s- D s-=r n ponder !0e 0e!o i#ponder !0e 1 s($ nervu. *esporn6 >e o!e 1innos(i #=>e nie-edy pre!ieh D 0en v ur1i(o# s%visi cich s6 0e " o-o0nos($6 \5<!5ren 1 s(ice #oh0i spr'v D -o re0 ($vne pevn% cen(r 0i"'cii pro(i #i"iv o #ocens- v"D hy #ed"i ponder !0e i#ponder !0e 1 s($c. A-o vyp0/v " &edne& s(r ny6 ne> pr vdepodo!n6 >e s " druhe& s(r ny pod2 po(re!y6 " predpo-0 du6 >e !y ne!o0o #o>n rie.iD s pod#ien- #i pos(upn/# pohy!o#6 po#ery poci(ov do 3un-1nho v"D hu6 0e pr vdepodo!ne s pod#ien- #i -#i( v/# pohy!o#6 s MG. - pi(o0 u-'" 0 . ?i#ochodo#6 hypo(" so s( ros(0ivosDou spredu s " 1$n s('0e -o v.eo!ecne s('0e u#o>Uu&% .iro-% r d podro!n/ch us( noven$ o po(re!'ch6 1o (o &e " s(upov D n &#5 n'ro1n s-u(o1nosDou6 n &#56 Do-onc & n &d=-0 dne&.ie v/s-u#n$ci6 - s pod2 pov hy6 -(or # &% !yD spus(en sve(0 "vu-u s(i#u0 pre n .e nervov pohy!y6 -(or 3y"i-'0ne 3y"io0o<ic- pro!0#y nie-edy ned' " !r'niD6 v>dy "n'#y rovn -ho predpo-0 du6 n 1 sD u> dos( 0 n podro!n/ch us( noven$ (e&(o "#0uvy. To e ob/&*28+ po/or,(odn, .e a %eVton, i ce/ to &8etko ob ekt0&ne te;ria s&et*a repre/ento&ane emisn'c( systmo&, sp5sob, e s2m mys*ie+ &ibr2ci0 & ner&o& ako /2k*ad pocit, s&et*a, ktor7 potreb, e iba &'ra/ ot2/k, (B,aestio) pre na8, (ypot/, &'ra/,: o (. Kptica, *ib III) (o&or0\ "B,aestio 1Z D,nDannon po*omery O,minis, incidendo & Q,nd,m oc,*i, e6citant &ibrationes P,asdam & t,nica sietnici, P,ae B,ido &ibrationes, propaDatae ne/2&is*e na No*idas ner&or,m opti cor,m fibra & mo/D, ,sP,e, Nensai ibi 1i&endi e6citenth 1ietname, P,andoP,idem korp,sy Densa kon/er&ant ca*ore s,,m di,ti,s, et ,t PaodP,e korp,s densissim,m est, IT9 C9OKA s,,m di,tissime Conser&a: ?tiP,e &ibrationes parti,m s,ar,m nat,ra s,nt d,rabi*i adeoP,e, propaDari poss,nt & *onDinP,a ,sP,e NJ9TIK pod)a No*idas matrie ,niformis ac densae fibra, rek*amn
transmittendos & mo/D, &ide*icet Mot,s sens,,m Kmni,m KAL9%I>iCIj impressos .... . B,aestio 1T D,nDannon po*omery di&ersor,m Dener, e &ibrationes e6citant Di&ersa maDnit,dine: P,ae sci*icet &ibrationes, na s,a c, ,sP,e maDnit,dine, sens,s di&ersor,m e6citent CKOKA?M: QYre simi*i ratione ac &ibrationes 9eris, na s,a itidem ipsar,m Di&ersa maDnit,dine, Nens,s Nonor,m e6citant di&ersor,mh Ht nominatim, 9nnon po*omery Ma6ime refranDibi*es, &ibrationes e6citant bre&issimas, ad Nens,i mo&end,m Co*oris &io*acea Nat,ra: po*omery minime(o refranDibi*es, &ibrationes *onDissimas, ad Nens,i Co*oris rabri Nat,ra: po*omery Dener, 7 et Kmni,m intermedior,m, &ibrationes comparate med/in2rodne medias, rek*ama Nens,i CKOKA?M di&ersomm intermedior,m eicitand,mh B,aestio 1a D,nDannon Q*er potest, ,t (armonia et Discordia CKOKA?M oriat,r e proportionib,s &ibration,m propaDatar,m pod)a ner&or,m opti cor,m fibra & mo/D,:simi*iter ac (armonia et Discordia Nonor,m orit,r e proportionib,s &ibration,m 9erish N,nt a*ii enim Qarby, si o sebe X,6t in&icem po/it0&ny s7-as inspici,nt,r, oc,*is Lrati, ,t a,ri et Indica, a*ii a,tom m0n,s Lrati. " Lrai*, & y 9b(and*. &iac ne. te;ria /mie8an'c( farieb FIII. (o&or0\ p Zac "Ka.d' / ednot*i&'c( po(ybo& (ter), nakoniec sa stretne s ner&o&o, pr&ok, ktor' m5.eme prip0sa+ prie-ne kmitanie s ro&nak'mi pr2&ami ako ter body sa, .e by bo*o +a.k &idie+, & sk,to-nosti, pre-o &i/,2*ne pr0stro e, &ysie*an po(ybmi in'c( dr,(o& by ma*a by+, ro&nako ako & po(ybe do te doby, podpor, 7ci mdi2, at_ " 9 na str. Zb9\ "Toto ro/(odn,tie bo*o / Ca*c,* nemo.no -erpa 7, a m,se* som sa &r2ti+ k akt, &idenie, a*e /d2 sa, .e akon2(*e eden predpok*ad2 po(yb ter, /die)a+ ner&o& e*ementy a by+ &ysaden to & podobnom (o da 7c, sa po(yb. , tie. / to(o &yp*'&a, s n,tnos+o,, "at_ Jr0pra&a a pre&edenie (ypot/y 3. Iersc(e*, Me**oni a 9. Neebeck bo* o/n2men' ,. &y88ie. Od s #ho " 1i (-u6 >e !y ur1i(e pochy!ov D6 >e s (ou(o hypo("ou &e pod#ien-ou preds( vu&% po#ery poci( 3y"ic-y6 !yD spo-o&n/ v=!ec6 - ve"#e#e do %v hy %0ohu v .iro-e& vere&nos(i6 -(or' prich'd" - ne& ch r -(er pr$p du. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 "d' s 6 >e # &% - "%3 0s(vu od po1i (-u6 !y #oh0i repre"en(ov D pod#ien-y dohody #ed"i vn$# n/ch o!0 s($ sve(0o# "vu-o#6 ro"# ni(osD6 -(or s#e dis-u(ov 0i. Bo n's s(o&$ vi!r'ci$ v=!ec n &eho pr$- "6 -(or/ !y #oho0 uro!iD ro"die0y ci(0ivos(i 3un-1ne "'vis06 -o ro"die0y v ch r -(ere vi!r 1n #di'6 ro"die0y v osci0 1n #p0i(%dy osci0'ci$6 o!do!ie v0nyK 0e (ie> ich ( -(o "'s dn ro"die0y !yD "'vis0'6 -o eOis(u&% #ed"i vi"u'0ne s0uchov poci(b A- (er 2 h- vi!r'cie po ce0e& r="nych #edi'0nych 10en#i6 - u> &e #o>n6 >e (i 0en #i"iv6 poved" (o "v >i(e0n/ v nervu6 s('0e !y !o0o nepr$&e#n6 ro"die0y h#o(y -o occ,*ta B,a*itaspresved1enie6 >e ro"die0y v poci(e !y 0ipn% n ne&6 - nie &e pripo&iD r="ne sp=so!y pre#ies(Uov ni . CeL0i #p0i(%d 1 s vi!r'ci$ sve(0 &e nes#ierne o#noho #en.i ne> u v"duchov/ch vi!r'ci$6 nie nepr vdepodo!n -on' nie1o6 1o "odpoved' v n's0edne n d.en/ v nervov/ch vi!r'ci$6 (o nesie ovocie6 0e ni1 vysve(0iD "'-0 dn/ ro"die0 v -v 0i(e o!och poci(ov. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 "n$>en$# #p0i(%dy periEdy v
od(ieUoch 3 r!y v>dy #en$ i! si0u v/.-u poci( (Enu6 & su -v 0i(y vne#u 3 r!y6 0e "os('v (En poci(6 poci( " 3 rie!6 u- "u&e se!e#en.$ s-0on - n d#ern#u pr%du #ed"i dvo# . * po-on6 po-i 2 ide o 3or#u6 ( ->e 2 h- vi!r'cie #=>u !yD eO(erne 0ine'rne6 -ruhov/6 e0ip(ic-/6 "os('v &% 2 h- vi!r'cie. +en ( - "vu-ov vi!r'cie #=>u !yD eO(erne 0ine'rne6 -ruhov6 e0ip(ic-6 "os('v &% "vu-ov vi!r'cie6 #y ne#'#e pr'vo s do#niev D6 ne"#enen/ prenos eO(ernho -riv-y vo vn%(ri6 0e "d' s 6 >e " druhe& s(r ny ni d=vod6 nie-(or druhy vi!r'ci$ n nie-(or/ch nervov o!#ed"iD ni s( noviD "'s du6 -v 0i( ($vne ro"die0y sen"'ciu v podo!e ro"die0ov osci0'ci$. A s (/#6 v.e(-y ces(y s "d &% " (voren6 (o pros(redn$c(vo# n .e& hypo("y6 o!&e-( v o!ci6 v -(ore& #usi !yD pred0o>en n p0nenie. Pri"n'# s 6 >e D >-os(i v (o#(o s#ere #i d0ho pov >ov n' " ( -#er nero"pus(n/ # 0 n #ys0i6 ( ->e so# r d.e& veriD v ich #o>no# rie.en$6 pre(o>e so# veri0 v #o>nosD v.eo!ecne& ver"ie psychophysics6 ne> >e !ude# # D ne& -/ sp=so!6 -o ro"po"n D !o0i schopn$. Tie>6 -o ne#us$ !yD 2 h- n'&sD %v h #i v.eo!ecne& pov hy. A-o so# s 0e n -on-r(nych o-o0nos(i ch o!och poci(ov o-o0nos($6 " -(or/ch v"ni- &%6 rie.i pro!0# s #i "d'6 >e &eden &e (/# viedo0 - ur1i(e& nevyhnu(nos(i - po&#o# ( - "'s dn/ ro"die0 #ed"i po#er#i !e>n/ch pod-0 dov/ch vi!r 1n/ch pohy!ov6 -(or >e D >-os(i6 & -eT nie %p0ne "ru.en'6 0e po-i 2 ide o "n$>en "d'6 >e ich p0n' v/.- #=>e !yD pov >ov n " #o>n n'p dy6 -(or ne#=>e !yD d=vodo# nie0en u#o>Uu&% 0en vo v.eo!ecno# "v'>en$ #o>nos($6 0e !y ne!o0 pr$(o#n'. Tie(o re>i#y pre"en('cie p=so!i -o -v 0i3i-'(ory " predch'd" &%ce& hypo("y ni>.ie. Druh' hypo(" 6 -(or so# pre(o6 op5D nie -o prv'6 s s( novu&e6 &e (o6 >e " (i 2 1o pr -(ic-y v.e(-y 3 re!n 0%1e spe-(r #=>e !yD vn$# n -/#-o2ve- Op(i-us3 ser6 re"onov D "vu-y r="nu ro"(e1 in(erne r="ny#i v0'-ien s0uchovho nervu6 ( -6 !y 6 - >d/ -o reD "ec i! s (Eno#6 0e!o s-=r n ( - # 0 ro"p5(ie "vu-ov6 -(or nie &e #o>n od0$.iD od ro-ov n$ s . * prv/ poh2 d6 0e ni1 s #=>e "d D nepr vdepodo!n6 pre(o>e (e&(o hypo("y6 pre(o>e nie &e >i dny d=vod n vyrovn nie r="nych s0uchov/ch nervov/ch v0'-ien6 in n p5(ie6 -o eOis(u&% r="ne reD "c e.(e nie1o6 1o s "d'6 1o ne& - ihris-o osci0'cie nepovo0en/ pr$s(up -u v.e(-/# A-us(i-us3 sern. *ed'vne n (o#ic- .(%die s0uchovho n's(ro& s (er " u-'" 0o6 >e s -on-r(n s0uchov .peci'0nou pru>nou .(ru-(%rou I("v. )or(i v0'-n v s0i#'-y6 podivn .(e(iny n s%deF s% u#ies(nen v -on( -(e6 1o s "d' !yD vhodn' v "'vis0os(i n &eho r="nych di#en"i'ch p (r$ pru>nosD pod#ien-y vi!r'cie " r="nych r/ch0os($ h0'siD ich do rohov >$0 " -on1eni 6 1o si #=>e(e pre1$( D nie-(or po"n'#-y v n s0edu&%co# -(iv'cie. Ce (er " ( -/ v/-0 d (oh(o Gehi0de T 0e-o s-=r #o>n 0en " !e"pe1iD6 &e v. - ve2#i d=0e>i(6 n (o#ischersei(s od=vodUu&e (o pr$0e>i(osD vidieD po 3o0<ends in T 0.ie6 -(or # &% !yD prero-ov n d=vody6 pre1o s ur1i( nu(nosD "d' 0en pre(o6 !y s ( #. Jo ednanie o anat;mii t7to tm, si /as*7.i M. Nc(,*t/e (ce/ HndiD,nDsVeise s*,c(o&(o ner&, & *abyrinte & Mg**ero&a 9rc( 1[b[. J. TaT) obsa(, e na strane. T[`
nas*ed, 7cim sp5sobom\ "1 Corti &*2kna s pridan'mi mno, pr0s*,8enst&o 8tr,kt7rami ro&nak(o dr,(, mo.no po&a.o&a+ /a ro&n2tka pre prep*eten'c( a prekr'&a b,nko& 8tr,kt7ry a aferentn'c( ner&o&'c( &*2kien, a*e iba ako podporn' /ariadenie C(cem &edie+, s o()adom na Corti &*2kna., Xe pra&depodobn, pripo-0ta+ ro&nak' &<-80 &'/nam. >re me podpor, e /&*28tne /akri&en po/0cia t'c(to &*2kien, ic( pripe&nenie na membr2no& ba/i*2rne tepny s koncom, ic( pe&nos+ a pr,.nos+, ktor ma 7, po tom &8etkom, -o &id0te, &'skyt &ibr2ci0 ro&nak, -o m5., podporo&a+ &n0manie /&,ko&'c( &Un, ke_ &n0ma 7 pr&ky tak b*0/ko, ako e to mo.n /*7-enina e so sebo, pri&ie/*i. /&*28tne sit,2cie niektor'c( ner&o&'c( b,niek & ro(oc( &id*ico&'c( / de*enia ty-0, a*ebo ,pn,t'c( med/i *amina spira*is a /akri&en(o &*2kna by tak'to predpok*ad opodstatnen a &iac, -o pr&' c(od dotera/, ak ic( anat;mia e _a*e sk7man2 patr0 7p*ne na 7/em0 (ypot/y. Tam, kde ani e6periment dosia(ne tak, ani predpok*ada+, ako t,, sk7senosti pato*oDick'c( podmienok, -oskoro by mo(*i by+ &ys&et*enie, ako napr0k*ad & pr0pade, .e trasie 8tr,kt7r, & ot2/ke /o sta&, -ist'c( k,rio/0t &on, e na mieste. " Xe nemo.n, aby be/ podrobn(o popis, a pomoco, obr2/ko& -i sc(m posta&y, a /,*<nD*ic(e predsta&, o /*o.it /ariadenie, ktor m2 s7bor s ner&o&'mi /akon-eniami koc(*e2rne &o &/+a(, Corti apar2t, & *amina spira*is, a &8ade +a.k, *en & tom, aby orient. I*,stro&an' posta&y pre()ad &'s*edko& / predc(2d/a 7cic( anatomick'c( 8t7di0, s &'nimko, ned2&ne pr2ce Deiters, ,de*en' Q,nke(o ,-ebnice. fy/io*;Die. T. &ydanie, 1[M`. Ao-. II, str 9` a nas* a*e m2 na 7p*ne 8ia 8etrenie (po predc(2d/a 7ce papiera ,. & Niebo*d a -asopis, KW**iker &) Deiters & ma*'m p0smom, "8t7die o *amina spira*is membranacea, #onn 1[M`" dor,-en2. 1e)mi po,-n a ,k*adanie pre poc(openie t'c(to spiso& som bo* pre&2d/ka A?TH k&5*i p0smo Deiter!sc(en &o 1e)ke mode*i k,s, *amina spira*is s orD2nmi Corti & dre&e a papiera. Xe o(romen' mno.st&om /&*28tnos+o,, .e t, pr0tomn0 n2/ory nara/, a e pres&ed-en', .e nem5., by+ m2rna, preto.e. 9k c(cete ,r-i+ pod)a pokyno& Deiters!sc(en p0sma aspo= body na /ariadenie, ktor sa /da 7 by+ na d5*e.ite 8ie, preto e *amina spira*is /n2me, .e sa sk*ada 7 / kostnat2 &n7torne modio*, roka s*im2ka, a membran;/ne &onka 8ia stena so 8nekom akrcie, die*y. T2to membran;/no, -as+ e d5*e.it2, a*e d&akr2t, .e sa pripo 0 med/i d&oma doskami, ,ntern, a*ebo ba/2*ne membr2no,, membr2na ba/i*2rne tepny, ktor2 e priamym pokra-o&an0m periost, Nca*a &estib,*, a (orne , krycie membr2ny a*ebo membr2ny Corti, eden proti &odn b*,disko dokon-i* d,tin,, ktor2 e tera/ po&a.o&an2 /a treti, merad*e, sca*a mdi2, med/i sca*a tympany a sca*a (a*e. 1 tomto sca*a mdi0 e /*o.it /ariadenie, pri-om s7 spo en konce koc(*e2rne ner&o&'c( &*2kien, a / ktor'c( na d5*e.ite 8ie e t/& Corti(o orD2n. 9by bo*o mo.n /obra/i+ orD2n Corti sc(ematicky, eden by ma* predsta&i+ ak'si ob*7k a*ebo strec(y na membr2no& ba/i*2rne ,miestnen', &yt&oren' /r2.ky d&oc( -ast0c & M. ba/i*2rne & 8ikmom smere, a*ebo proti ka.dm, &/ost,pne ob*7k,, -ast0 a*ebo no(o, nad M. ba/i*2rne & mieste stretn,tia, a*e nie obo e r2s+ spo*,, ako by sa /2&esom, dr,( DinD*ym,s (Deiters &. T9.) pomoco, 8peci2*nyc( konektoro&, ktor
t&oria strop k*enby, s7 po(yb*i& ednotn0. Tieto no(y sa na/'&a 7 &*2kna Corti, a to /a(n,t'mi &iac po modio*, roka s*im2ka na M. ba/i*2rne tam pe&ne /o8it' ako &n7torn a*ebo &/ost,pne &*2kna a*ebo &*2kna pr&(o riadk,, &iac po skr,tke na sten, na M. ba/i*2rne ba*0ko&, ako &onka 8ie a*ebo /ost,pne &*2kna, &*2kna dr,(e rade ro/*08i+. Ce*' ob*7k sa /0ska 9n(eft,nDen a propant, na mieste. Tieto p*ec(y s7 /oraden &ed)a seba be/po-et po ce*e 8pir2*o& *amina.>d2 sa, .e (Deiters s T`)., Ktor s7 obk*open & sca*a mdi2 k&apa*iny, a to nie e (ako C*a,di,s nie e ,&eden inak) 7p*ne spoko n' s >e**enparenc(ym, a*e tieto &eci e6ist, 7 *en & niektor'c( miestac( Nca*a mdi0, tak.e Corti orD2n, ktor' /ost2&a &o)n'. Jo Deiters (str. Zc, Z9), &n7torn2 &*2kno e & podstate (omoDnna, pe&n2 *2tka, J*atte, o&e)a mene (,st2 ako &o)n2 8tr,kt7ra, pe&n, mene f*e6ibi*n, kre(k', e*astick' ne. &onka 8ie &*2kna. Ni*a *2tky / &n7torn(o &*2kna sa /o s&o ic( pr0st,po& do Top post,pne. "1o s&o e norm2*ne /akri&en po*o(e e /0skan2 na ,r-it nap<tie, ktor m2 tendenci, sa kfmi+ do priame(o smer,." 1onka 80 &*2kno e, &8ak, Deiters /aob*en, pipe"ako 8tr,kt7ra, ktore p*28+ a kon/istentn obsa( mo.no ro/*08i+ &ed)a seba: pe&nos+ &onka 8ie(o &*2kna e &8ade ro&nak, e*asticita men8ia o(ybnos+ &<-8ia ako &o &onka 8e &*2kna, ic( konce, tak.e spo-0&a na membr2ne ba/i*2rne (Deiters Tc), "a /&*28tne & t&are /&on, a*ebo *ie&iko&it ro/80renie, ktor sa s&o imi *,men so s0d*om & ceste na /2k*adne membr2ne, .e t2to okam.ite pokra-, e & pr&om pr0pade. " ">&on e nie-o /*e & ostrom ,(*e k ba/i*2rne membr2ny" a "m5.e by+ & poro&nan0 s ka*ic(om k&et,." Xe mi / to(to popis, nie e ce*kom asn, -i 7stia *ie&ika e ot&oren2 ,tesnen proti b*,disko a*ebo &ody ce/ membr2ny ba/i*2rne tepny. Distrib7cia ner& & orD2noc( Corti a e(o Jertinen/ien e &e)mi /*o.it, a & pomeroc( a /2&ere-ne /akon-enie ro&nak2 st2*e &e)a ne asnost0. To nem5.e by+ podrobne 8ie op0san. N&o r2/ny 8tetiny, ak s7 konce &estib,*2rne(o ner&, &o &/+a(,, &y(*aso&a*i obr2/ok & Q,nke(o ,-ebn0c. II, str 91 f in7 dU.k, a &y-nie&a 7 &o)ne do b*,diska &ody. 1_aka k&a*ifik2ci, / anatomick'c( 8t7di0 o nie som /n2my. Jre&edenie (ypot/y, & ro/sa(,, & ktorom by ma*o by+ mo.n, b,de &.dy pr&' &)a&o na anat;mom, ktor ma 7 podrobne 8ie /na*osti pomero& t, pric(2d/a 7 do 7&a(y: a*e ce* &y8etro&anie sa /d2 dotera/ post7pi*o do bod,, ktor' ,mo.=, e, aby takto. Rovn -/ hypo(" &e nie0en s( r.i 6 e.(e pred(/#6 -o !o0 vy-on n' (ie n (o#ic- o!& v6 !o0 "ri den/ nie-o2-o-r'(6 0e (ie> v pos0edne& do!e n He0#ho0(" "op -ov 0 (en(o !odK ne#'# r d u(ori(u (e&(o d=-0 dne& !ri0 n(n vedec-/ pr covn$- " rovn -% poh2 d'v-u. .. 9mt* 1 spr2&ac( / Ta. /(roma.denie nemeck'c( pr0rodo&edco& a *ek2ro& & Kar*sr,(e, 1[b9 s 1bc (po/ri tie. str ZZb), e pre/ent2cia ro&nak' "%a fy/icke pr0-iny (arm;nie a dis(arm;nie" bo*i &yt*a-en, ktor som si po.i-a* nas*ed, 7c, pas2.\ "18eobecne p*at0, .e po(yb &/d,c(,, ktor' sa &yr2ba (,dobn n2stro e, matematicky &y adren' ako s7-et po(ybo& &/d,c(,, ktor r5/ne ednod,c( t;ny n,
Zn, Tn, at_ &ibr2cie /odpo&eda 7. 9&8ak, toto /*o.enie pr7denie &/d,c(, e *en matematick2 fikcia, a a*e n2 deme a do ,c(a s dostato-ne starost*i& po/oro&anie /isti*, .e &8etky /odpo&eda 7ce ednot*i&'m -*enom, .e to /nie rady s7 &n0man, a s0ce, .e n kmito& ako kore=, dr,(' ako e(o &y880c( (armonick'c(. D2 sa & tak'c( pr0padoc(, kedy forma &ibra-n'c( po(ybo& mo.no presne ,r-i+, napr ,dre* re+a/ca, pres&ed-en' o tom, .e ,c(o po-, e &8etky tie (armonick, ktor'c( /odpo&eda 7ce pr&ky s7 pr0tomn & matematick'c( &'ra/oc(, ktor postr2da 7 neb,de po-7&a+. " "Tento %a &'ra/ne 8o, a /&*28tne sc(opnosti ,c(a, na ktorom e /a*o.en' tie., .e r5/ne t;ny akord, mo.no ro/*08i+, by si ic( &ys&et*enie, ak b,deme predpok*ada+, .e s7 8pecifick pr,.n dosky a &*asy, ktor sa & pos*edne dobe na koncoc( bo*i n2 den na &*2kna s*,c(o&(o ner&, ansit/end, na&r(n,t tak, aby ka.d' konkrtny /&,k, tak.e ka.d' s*,c(o&' ner& &*2kien sa domnie&a, iba & pr0pade, .e /odpo&eda 7ci ednod,c(' t;n e ,&eden' a ic( pr,.n pr0&eskom &ibr, e. " Inde (... JoDDi 9nn C1III, 1[b9, s Z9`) sa &y adr, e takto\ "?. som (o&ori* na inom mieste (ypot/,, .e ka.d' ner&o&'c( &*2kien s*,c(o&(o ner&, e ,r-en' pre &'kon konkrtne(o i(risko, a e & po(ybe, kedy /&,k dosia(ne ,c(a, kde st7panie pridr,.en e*astick 8tr,kt7ry (Corti" med/i orD2n, a*ebo 8tetiny & *ieko&k2c() /odpo&ed2. Jotom, pocit r5/nyc( /afarbenie /n0.i, .e & ro&nakom -ase, niektor _a*8ie s7 ,&eden & po(ybe s &*2knom, ktor sa c0tia kore= /odpo&eda 7ce na podte6t. " Von He0#ho0(" (ie> (vrdi06 h0 vn/ d=vod6 pre1o n . hypo(" spo1$v v ro"die0no# spr'v n$ d=r "o# n vi"u'0ne s0uchov do&#y. A- s% 3 r!y preni-n%D "#ie. n rovn -/# Op(i-us3 ser6 s#e schopn$ (o !e" si0y po"ornos(i6 &eden v predne& 1 s(i druhe& "v/.iD vedo#ie. CeL0i v. - preni-n%D (Eny rovn -/# ucho#6 s#e schopn$ v r'#ci ur1i(/ch 0i#i(ov s#ere po"ornosD (er " - &edne&6 (er " odde0iD in/ (En6 n &#5 preds( viD -o#ponen(y "0o>enho (Enu. A- v.e(ci rovn -$ 2udi p/( 0i (Eny s% vn$# n rovno#erne ro"de0en pod2 &edno(0iv/ch A-us(i-us3 ser6 po(o# ro"die0 v %1in-u po"ornos(i ne#oh0o !yD vysve(0enK nie1o n (o# &e pr vdepodo!ne pr$p d6 -eT r="ne "vu-y s% vn$# n r="ny#i v0'-n #i6 -o #=>e#e odpo1$( D n .u po"ornosD - >de& ni " 1 s(i "ornho po2 . Ve2#i &ednoduch &edno"n 1n (es(u &e (en(o n'"or n po#ocP ?u>6 -(or/ dr> 0 vrec-ov hodin-y pred - >d/# ucho#6 &eden ry(#us #er D - >d hodiny !ude po1uD (0-o( o!och hodinie-6 s spo0ieh D n nie1$ po"ornosD ro"p5(i pre &ednu 0e!o druh% uch 6 -o &e #o>n pochopiD6 "e (o in/ di3erencov n/. ? 0 !y !yD schopn/ po"ornosD6 1o si #=>u dovo0iD6 -de !i&e o!och hodinie- s% vn$# n dvo# r="ny#i nervy6 (o & v pr$p de6 >e s% vn$# n rovn -/# nervu6 &eden !y #use0 por "iD #er D -o hodin-y po#ocou de#<e#5Aer n'0 d po"ornos(i (ie> #=>e #ys0ieD -o .peci'0ny6 - !ude(e # D o!e h0i d-y pred rovn -/# uch . A0e (o &e po s0'vnych eOperi#en(ov EH @e!er SMF6 v=!ec nie pr$p deK 3%- o!och hodinie- s% (voren n h0u-6 -de (er " 0en !e>n o!do!ie "is-u %(0#u vn$# 6 >e n op - nevn$# 6 -eT ve"#e#e do %v hy o!e hodiny pred r="ny#i u.$6 v. -6 &eden n'&de (o ( -#er ne#o>n por "iD Hodiny hodin-y o! & s('0e
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"o!r "en' v S. GS9 spr'v a r0sruhe s(re(nu(ie s G7Q. c36 #=& Reper(ory. eOperi#en('0ne& 3y"i-y. Th ,6 s GSZ
f 0.$ pro!0# #o>no n'&sD v (o#6 >e Ipo-i 2 &e #i "n'#e n &#ene&F6 >i dne pr$p dy s% "n'#e6 -edy !y ro-ov ni i.0i pre &edno(0iv (Eny 0e!o "vu-y " r du #idL (Enov' s(upnic s(r (en n &#56 -o !y si 10ove- #ys0e06 0e >e p (o0o<ic-/ch pr$p doch "ni1enie6 0e!o >e ('(o s(redn' 1 sD h#o(nos(i v0'-ien s0uchovho 0e!o pripo&en/ch " ri den$ pr$s0u.ens(vo !y # 0o d=&sD nie-edy. ?ed"i(/#6 &e po(re!n pripo#en%D6 n &edne& s(r ne6 >e " s(%penie s0uchov nervy n o!och s(r n'ch ur1i(e us-u(o1n$6 #=>e "'s(upc s0i# 1ie nervu 0 !yrin( nervu pre!ieh &%6 &edn -6 >e s(redn' 1 sD s(upnice nervov/ch -2%1ov po.-odeni nie &e 2 h- in/ -o do(er "6 dosi ho0 .-ody n eO(r#ne die0y !y # 0i !yD pr$s(upn. A0e (o po1u(e2nosD (Enov #o>no s-r'(iD !nor#'0ne !y( -o " do0ne& " 1i (-u -o horn% hr nicu po1u(e2nos(i6 I- pi(o0 MNF6 !o0 spo#enie. a >d/ pr$p d6 >e !y !o0o u>i(o1n pres-%# D vi c6 ne> &e pr vdepodo!ne " (i 2 nes( 0o6 - nie sn'T s(r (i0 s0uch v &edno# uchu 0e!o in n &#5 pre &edno(0iv (Eny 0e!o 1 s(i s(upnice (Enov. Tre(i hypo(" nesie nie-(or " n &vi c v.eo!ecn/ch v"D hov6 -(or eOis(u&% #ed"i von- &.$# sve(0o# "vu-ov/#i vi!r'ci #i n vn%(orn vi!r'cie (/# v"!ud"u&e
in(ern/ch d=vodov. *'. s0uch &e sp0 (n' " nor#'0nych pod#ieno- n po"dH>nych vi!r'ci$ v"duchu6 -(or/ udrie n u.n/ !u!ieno- nor#'0ne6 0e i! (ie6 -(or #o>no ro"0o>iD pod2 nor#'0neho e3e-($vn & " vi!r'ci$ "0e " #er n/ch n vp0yv pohy!y -os(i1ie-6 -(or s% vi!r'cie n Qenestra o&a*is prenesen/chK Av. -6 n "'-0 de v$"ie prie1nych vi!r'ci$ sve(0 . T$ #=>u !yD ove2 -oncipov n -o 0ine'rne6 #=>u !yD pri #o1i r 6 0e & -e&-o2ve- -ruhov6 e0ip(ic- -o#po"i(n/ (v ry # &% (ie n o" &. Hypo(" 6 -(or' s pou>$v u n's6 &e (er "6 >e (o nor#'0ne 3or# von- &.ie podne(y pod2 (oho6 s0uchu vn%(orne n "'-0 de svo&e& psycho#o(oric- pod0o>- pod2 &ednoduche& pri #o1i re6 vide0 vi!r'cie #en.ie ur1i(/ch #eni cich s 3orie#. To &e hypo(" 6 pre(o>e s'# o se!e6 &e po(o#6 1o spor Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 ne#o>no o1 -'v D6 >e eO(ern vi!r'cie pren'. n v ne"#enene& podo!e v n .e& nervove& " ri den$. * . hypo(" &e (o6 >e vn%(orn/ (v r von- &.ieho "'-0 de pri #eho prevodu n von- &.e&6 0e pre %pr vu vn%(orn/ch pod#ieno- v.eo!ecne "odpoved &%ci (v ru6 von- &.ie s6 "odpoved'6 n pr$-0 d6 v s0uchovho nervu ( -6 >e vi!r'cie & (urn !yD rovno vpred6 po-i 2 s(i#u0 1n vi!r'cie #i#ori dne "u(re(en -osD #i h0 vy v -o#-o2ve- ino# s#ere6 (v r -o "vy1 &ne ce" !u!ien- 6 (o do-onc & o-o s pre#ie( &% do ne0ine'rnych osci0'ci$ sve(e0nho 0%1 v ne"#enene& podo!e pri #e&6 -ruhov v -ruhove&6 -(or s-=r -o I )h p. MGF &e "n'"ornen !y d 0 ro"por #ed"i s-%senos($ (eErie6 0e vn%(orne -o r="ne 3or#y #=>e n s( D i! v(edy6 v=!ec po v"ni-u vi"u'0neho p r'(u6 -o & n vono-. H0 vn/# d=vodo# pre (%(o hypo("u v/r "ne -0es' s nie-(or/# " d=vodov pre predch'd" &%ce hypo("y. V/"n # o-('vy in(erv 0e6 -(or/ !o0 pos-y(ov n/ch e0e#en('rne n 0/"ou po#erov "'>i(-ov/#i n -onci MN. - pi(o0y v - pi(o0e MG6 &e pov >ov n " nevyhnu(n pre &ednoduch 0ine'rne osci0'cie. )hce(e (eEriu6 >e po#ocou (/ch(o n 0/" %1e( (oh(o v/"n #u o-('vy in(erv 0u pre (Eny d D6 ( - s #us$ predpo-0 d D6 >e vi!r'cie v nervov6 v -(oro# poci( "vu-ov " 0o>en/ch6 &ednoduch/ch >e nie s% "#on(ov n6 " -(or/ch prv'6 pr$(o#n/6 druh' "odpoved' predch'd" &%ce& hypo("y. A0e #us$(e vysve(0iD6 pre1o in(erv 0 o-('vy ne#' rovn -/ v/"n # pre 3 r!y s% "vu-y6 "'roveU predpo-0 d D6 >e vi!r'cie v nervoch6 -(or s% pred#e(o# 3 rie!6 nie 0en ( - &ednoduch6 pri #o1i re. A- chce(e podporiD v/s-y( -2%1ov/ch s'd #o>no 1erp D n -oncoch s0uchovho nervu6 po(o# "novu6 1o &e v/vo& &ednoduchho osci0'cie v>dy (o(o>n 3or#u0'r (u 2 h-o preds( vi(e2n6 v. - podo!n " ri deni n -oncoch "r -ovho nervu ch/! 6 h2 dis- K >e pros(ried-y "#ys0ov/ch or<'nov n ur1i( v.eo!ecn "hody #ed"i (v ro# von- &.iu s(i#u0'ciu vn%(orne v"ru.en/ch osci0'ci$ s "d &% !yD prirod"en. ?i#ochodo#6 !y ne# 0o !yD po(re!n6 # (e# (ic-y pri #y (v r predpo-0 d D pre osci0'cie v s0uchovho nervu6 0e s( 1$ poved D6 >e s 0$.i ve2#i #'0o od pri #-yK pre(o>e v. de ve2#i # 0 odch/0-y nie s% vidi(e2n 33i"ieren poci(. W(vr(/ predpo-0 d6 se( so#6 n ro"die0 od o!vy-0/ch predpo-0 dov6 do ur1i(e& #iery v op 1no# "#ys0e -o se-undu. Po druho# pre1$( - >d/ A-us(i-us3 ser " -o#po"i(u cie2o# $0 s #ie. ich -on-r(ne r/ch0osD vi!r'ci$ von6 pod2 n .e& s%1 snos(i s n op -6 - >d/ Op(i-us3 ser pod vp0yvo# do-onc n &&ednoduch.$ch
3 r!'ch podne(y "0o>enie vi!r'ci$6 " (i 2 1o ( # &e >i dne podo!n -o#po"i(n/ su!&e-($vne (Eny -o cie26 s% nie &e &ednoduch v podo!no# "#ys0e su!&e-($vne o!&e-($vne 3 r!y6 0e n &&ednoduch.ie cie2 3 r! vyvo0'v i! re0 ($vne &ednoduch su!&e-($vne #iO 3 rie!6 (& "0o>enie vi!r'ci$ r="nu do!u (rv ni 6 -v 0i(u vn$# ni 6 -(or "'vis$6 &e " 0o>en/ n "0o>enie (e&(o "#esi sp=so!o#. Bindends(e D=vodo# (oh(o poh2 du s #i "d' 0e> D n odch/0-y6 -(or 3 r!y pod2 po"n'#-y W( A&6 s(r 7SR in3or# 1n (eErie ,,6 - p. MM! od @e!er pr'v do!e. A- s von- &.ie 3re-vencie n, n !, n ".... "odpoved &%ce vn%(orn 3re-vencie v &ednoduch/ch ho#o<nnych 3 rie! rovn -o 2 h-o n 6 n !, n " &e6 -o #'#e d=vod pri& D &u v &ednoduch/ch (Enov6 #=>e (o !yD pre odch/0- rovn -' nie &e vysve(0en/ "'-ono# @e!er . A- s v. - v 3 r!'ch - >dho &ednoduchho von- &.ie vi!r'cie "odpoved' "0o>en/ vn%(orn vi!r'ci$6 #o>no preh0i dnuD6 >e ro"0$.i(e2nosD dvoch 3 rie! #o>no vy-on D 0en v "'vis0os(i n nie vi c po#erov von- &.$ch 3re-venci$ po pr've @e!er6 0e -o#p0eOn 3or# #usi !yD pod#ien-y6 -(or prech'd" &% s-0 d nie 0%1e vo "v/.ene& (r #en(u. S%1 sne #=>e !yD pod p$s#en #i F opr'vnen pr vdepodo!n/ predpo-0 d6 >e 3re-venci sie(nice ur1i(' hr nic nie s% schopn$ pre&sD6 preh0i d D s-u(o1nosD6 >e n hr nicu vidi(e2nho spe-(r 6 od0i.nos(i 3 rie! #us$ !yD re0 ($vne ni>.ie ne> po s(redn6 -o po s-%senos(i &e n o" & pr$p d. Pre pod2 (oho6 -o v"ru.u&%ce 0%1 s !0$>i " cen(r'0nych 1 s($ spe-(r 0i#i(ov6 0e!o " (o & ce" hr nice6 ce" -(or nie &e dos( (o1n 3re-vencie sie(nice6 -#i(o1(y s(redn/ch 0%1ov s% re0 ($vne s('0e ro".$rene&.ie6 pre(o &e (ie> #ene& v prie!ehu o!#ed"enie dis-ri#in'cie v #inu0os(i po po0ovici 0%1e #o>n 2 h-o. 9k sa niekedy sp'ta, -o &/+a( &n7torn2 farba /mes, ktor2 sa preb,di* &ora,sset/*ic( na n2s pomoco, ednod,c((o (omoDnne farebn s&et*o, /*o.en / pr&ko&, ktor m2me, ke_ sme sa ,&ies+ (ypot/,, .e nesporn &ytia(n,+ d&a momenty do 7&a(y. %a edne strane sa predpok*ad2, .e po-et kmito& -epe*e op<+ p5sobi+ farby s na &<-8o, inten/ito, & mie8ane /mesi a -0s*a _a*8ie s*ab8ie pod)a to(o, ako sa ic( po-et sa *08i &iac / nic(. > dr,(e strany, a*e predpok*ad2 sa, .e & pr0pade, .e dr2.di&os+ sietnice e &*astne obmed/en2 *en & ,r-it'c( med/iac( frek&encie, ktor rad &ibr2ciami s re*at0&ne &8etk'mi &iac si*y _a*e , .e e od te to (ranice, aby sa nakoniec obe oko*nosti, by+ bran do 7&a(y. Iranice &n7torn'c( frek&encio, &ibr2ci0 s7 _a*e m,s0 by+ ,.8ie ne. &onka 8ie, tak oni s7 nad8en0, preto.e e6tern frek&encie &ibr2ci0, ktor2 e tak &ysok2, a*ebo n0/ka, .e sietnica m5.ete ,. /odpo&eda 7, a*e napriek tom, sa preb,di+ s*ab &ibr2cie a tak mo(*i by+ &idite)n, ktor spada 7 med/i (ranice &/net*i&', tak.e e6trmna -er&ene a fia*o&e interne, m,s0 by+ po&a.o&an' /a t&oren &ibr2ciami, ktor ,. nie s7 &(odn k poma*osti a r'c(*osti &onka 8ie. Kkrem t'c(to s,b ekt0&nyc( momento&, as, ktor' sa ob a&0 ka.d7 -as+ spektra, a*e / ob ekt0&ne(o inten/ity, s ako, s&ete*n' *7- dopad2 na sietnic,, /2&is0 na tom, & nad&</nosti na roko&ania & sekci2c() /a predpok*ad, n2/or toto.nosti s&et*a a tep*a mo.no po&a.o&a+ /a &idite)n7 -as+ spektra tepe*n 7-inky, ako e ,&eden, /a predpok*ad,, .e .iadne -asti & te to nero&nomern absorpcie (pod)a kap. TTa) o-ami
mdi0. ?o>no !y s #oh0o "d D6 >e odch/0- 3 rie! " pr'v @e!er s v #ies(e & su pre#enn/ch spe-(r spo0o1ne vy-on n/ rovn -/. A0e po(o# !y # 0 (ie> v od(ieUoch od0i.nos(i " vyso-/ch #ies(6 !y " vesiD von s po#er#i .-ro!u6 1o nie &e (en(o pr$p d. Pod2 predch'd" &%ceho po(o# (ie> vysve(2u&e6 pre1o s 3 r! v=!ec6 0e "vu-6 "#esi (Enov6 ne> &e &ednoduch/ (En s "d' podo!n/6 nie-(or ro"(e1e (Enov nevys-y(u&% rovn - s 3 r! #i6 0e s-=r hodno(enie rovn - 0e!o po &eho odchode " @hi(e #=>u -o 3r -ci " !ie0e& &e opr'vnen " predpo-0 du6 >e & n &&ednoduch.ie cie2 3 r! "odpoved' su!&e-($vne 3 re!n "#esi6 podo!ne -o (en6 -(or/ !y v"ni-o06 - v.e(-y #o>n od(iene v r'#ci d nho in(erv 0u !o0 od!i(/ dohro# dy. Tu6 0e "#ie. n' 3 r! "os('v pr vdepodo!nosD6 >e s "#ie. n "vu- "0o>en " (Enov6 -(or sp d &% do r="nych A-us(i-us3 sern6 od (/ch6 -(or sp d &% do rovn -ho v0'-n 6 -(or/ po#'h vysve(0iD6 0e >e "vunie &e 3 r! . Ter " &e (ie> 2 h.ie vysve(0iD -o -o#po"$ci "0o>en' " dvoch &ednoduch/ch 3 rie!6 o!&e-($vne #o>no vyro!iD "odpoved &%ci do&e# ne> &ednoduch 3 r!y6 pre(o>e do-onc & &ednoduch/ cie2 su!&e-($vne -o#po"i(n/ preds( vu&e. ; (i 2 -0 die o('"-u6 1i hypo(" &e (o v=!ec #o>n6 v s%0 de s pod#ien- #i6 " -(or/ch s% 3 r!y v"ni- &% v #ys0i6 &e pr vdepodo!n. Ter " vie#e6 >e #ech nic- pod#ien-y6 " -(or/ch s sve(e0n vi!r'cie s pre#ie( &% do neurEnov/ch osci0'ciou6 nie n (o2-o6 !y po(o# hypo("u a priori v ro"pore6 0e!o !yD schopn/ i# podporu. ?o>nosD rovn -'6 0e #=>e !yD preu-'" n' s-u(o1nosDou6 pr vdepodo!nosD ich podporu !y ( -. V (e&(o s%vis0os(i so# s pou-'" D n n s0edu&%ce po"n'#-y. 7F A& v o!0 s(i ch o!&e-($vne& (eErie sve(0 6 &ednoduch ho#o<nne 3 re!n vi!r'cie v #diu o o"n'#en$ T 0.iu s(i#u0'ciu "0o>en/ 3 re!n/ vi!r'cie. To &e n &#5 pr$p d 30uorescencie. Ce "n'#e6 >e vo v.eo!ecnos(i s "n$>i0 o 30uorescen1n/#i 0'(- #i6 r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$ vi c re3r n<i!0e 3 rie!K 0e pod2 vy.e(rov ni S(o-es s (o s( ne v.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e ho#o<nn 3 r! re <u&e n in/ ho#o<nny ni>.e& r/ch0os(i vi!r'ci$K 0e >e v d=s0ed-u ho#o<nnych 3 re!n/ch 0%1ov6 ro"p(/0en sve(0o &e v.eo!ecne vi c 1i #ene& po-o&ne&.ie. Bi vyu>i&% "'-onov 30uorescencie -on-r(ne&.ie p0i-'ciu n n'. pr$p d6 n s-u(o1nosD6 >e s #o(n' sie(nic po s#r(i ur1i(e& 30uorescencie u- "u&e6 -o He0#ho0(" !o0 s( noven/ Iporov. - p. MM F6 ur1i(/ v/"n # v (o#(o ve2(rhu #=>e "os( D %p0ne nero"hodn/ (u prv/-r'(K &e 30uorescenci v/r "ne 0en v (e& #y.0ien-y6 -eT ich s-u(o1nosD do- "u&e6 >e n . hypo(" nie &e v.eo!ecn "'-ony pohy!u ro"porup0n6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i s vys-y(u&%ce >i d 8MF 6 #=>e !yD & v in/ch oh2 doch6 pod#ien-y "'-ony 30uorescencie6 d=vodo# &e s # o se!e e.(e nie &e 3 (ho#ed v.e(-y !yD r="ne. *ie n 0E<ie s 30uorescencie6 0e & T 0.ie s-u(o1nos(i vy"er D prirod"ene op/( &(e s # n eOis(u&%ce hypo("u.
8MF
S oh2 do# n conceiv !i0i(y #ech nic-/ch pod#ieno- #=>e &eden
o!s hu&e dis-usiu o S(o-es v"h2 do# - 30uorescenciu v POGG,. Ann. Z. Er<5n"!d. *'-upn/ i 8GM n s0.
GF A- chce(e po#=cD prich'd" v (e&(o s%vis0os(i6 >e v s-u(o1nos(i ni do!rovo2ne6 vy(vori0 - >d/ Op(i-us3 ser !e" von- &.$ch 3 rie! s(i#u0 1n/ch6 v.e(-y 3 re!n 0%1e do ur1i(e& #iery6 " predpo-0 du6 >e s0 !/ poci( sve(0 preds( vu&%ce o1i B0 c- &e !e"3 re!n/. To u2 h1u&eK #ys0ieD si6 >e v.e(ci6 do-onc & (ie n &&ednoduch.ie 3 r!y os0ov$ v.e(-/ch6 pr vdepodo!ne s('0 v ur1i(/ch 1innos(i ch so0id ri(y6 -(or s% op(ic- nervov v0'-n s% schopn v s%vis0os(i sp%.D i! pri ro"u#n/ch over\ei<h(s (ie vi!r 1n/ sp=so!6 -(or/ p (r$ do s #o(n/ch podne(yK -(or' &e n &vi c v"di 0en' od hr n$c vi!r 1n - p ci(y sie(nice. MF Ten(o "'-0 dn/ posi0nen/ s-u(o1nosDou6 >e v #i#ori dnych pr$p doch6 nie vi c 3 rie! s% ro"0$.en6 v. -6 0e sve(0o do&e# " 3 rie! s('0e pre(rv'v . ;d' s 6 >e neprip%.D >i dny in/ v/-0 d6 ne> >e v - >do# ( -o#(o pr$p de von- &.e& 3 r!y 0%1 v.e(-y 3 r!y 1innosDou vn%(ri rovn -o# po#ere sp%.D 6 "n'#e pr$p dy chy!n 3 re!n videnie (ie> "d' n &&ednoduch.ie n'&sD ich vysve(0enie v (o#6 >e nor#'0ny v"D h &e n ru.en/ #ed"i "0o>- #i 3 re!nho "#esi . "9c(romatopsia (o&or0 A,te, &r2tane 8t2t,, & ktorom e pacient nem2 asn7 predsta&, o farb2c(, sa st2*e nem5.e ro/*i8o&a+ modr' ani .*t', ani -er&en, kde e &8etko si& (&/2cne). Jr0k*ad & I,dart *ist, Xo/efa Jriest*ey (Qi*o/oficke transacfions 1ccc. &. ZM`). ktyria bratia mo(*i ro/*08i+ *en bie*e a 8ed. la*80m, ako o/n2mi+ Aosier napr0k*ad &idie+ &o &y adreniac( s,r *a p(ysiD,e et *!(istoire nat,re**e s&. 1III &. osmdes2t2sedm 9nne 1cc9 . " Ao/die*na cit*i&os+ na farby, abnorm2*ne spr2&anie med/i r5/nymi ednot*i&cami ,ka/, e, dokonca a ob a&ia /&y-a ne & tom /mys*e, med/i r5/nymi bodmi sietnice, ako &y88ie ,&eden sk7senosti Ie*m(o*t/ ,-i+. ZF "v0'.(ne s-u(o1nosD6 >e v.e(-y &ednoduch "0o>en 3 r!y &e v.e(-o !0i>.ie !ie0e&6 (/# vi c s in(en"i( rovn -' "osi0nen/ Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 #o>no pod2 n .e& hypo("y6 v/-0 d - (o#u6 >e re0 ($vn prev h 6 eOci( 1n "odpoved &%ce h0 vn% 3 r!u v prie!ehu Bei3 r!en "n$>iD vi c vi c s r s(%cou #p0i(%dou6 v.eo!ecne re0 ($vn si0 &edno(0iv/ch "0o>ie- eOci(ov n/ch 3 rie! vi c vi c pr$s(upov6 -(or s -on &% v !ie0e& 3 r!e. T -6 -o s (o #oh0o s( D #ech nic-/#i "'-on#i6 #=>e !yD s('0e pred#e(o# o('"-yK ;d' s #i6 >e !e" hypo("y o (o#6 n -(or s#e s (u do(-nu(6 -edy "os('v &% nevysve(0i(e2n. Av. -6 ro"(e1 #en$ s #p0i(%dou -#i(ov. ;vu- n prie1 vi!r 1n 0 di1- D hov &e "n'#y v Verh 00en6 -de vi!r'cie s% # 06 #'0o n 8ZF 6 v - >do# pr$p de s &edn' o @. @e!er v0 s(nosD v.e(-/ch prie1ne vi!r 1n (e0 6 >e (o "nie (rochu h0!.ie s v51.ou ne> #en.ie #p0i(%d &e (ed neus-u(o1n$6 " (i 2 1o "#eny n p5(i 6 0e op - &e pr vdou pre v.e(-y 0on<i(udin 0sch\in<enden (e0 6 n &#5 v"duchov s(Hpce. Tr nsvers 0sch\in<ende reD "c s #o"re&#e "nieD (rochu vy..i vo v51.e& 1i #en.e& v/0e(6 0e 0en pre(o6 >e &eho n p5(ie &e v51.ie6 s v51.ou eO-ur"i$ 8RF . A0e v
>i dno# pr$p de s "vu- &eho "is- "vu- podo!n/. C so# dovo2(e #i poved D6 ni hudo!n$-6 -(or/ nie1o vi c ide'0ne "$s- D !oh (.$ o o!s denie orches(r 1i "!oru "vu-6 -o s vy& dri06 pod2 (Enu podivn/ch "vu-ov !o0i re0 ($vne #ene& n'p dn po(o#.
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Po pi (e6 v s%vis0os(i s predch'd" &%cou6 hypo("y6 predpo-0 d'#6 >e vn$# nie sve(0 nie &e -o "vu-ov/ vne# "'vis$ n s( ve pohy!u6 -(or/ s op -u&e v rovn -o# "#ys0e6 rovn -/# sp=so!o# v=!ec "'>i(-ov/#i prispiev D 1 s($c sen(ien(n$ or<'nu6 !y i! 3'" pohy! s 0$.i s%1 sne pre r="ne 1 s(ice6 #=>u !yD hodno(en6 n &#5 pohy!u - >de& 1 s(ice6 0e (ie> (o6 >e v/s-y( & n &"'-0 dne&.ie vn$# nie sve(0 6 sys(# 1 s($c 1 s(i I#o0e-u0y " v51.ieho po1(u (E#ov \ei<h !0e un\ei<h !0e 0'(o-F v -(oro# s &edno(0iv 1 s(ice vy-on'v D pohy!y r="nych druhov6 -(or #o>no "hrn%D -o s% vi!r'cie " inho o!do!i 6 #p0i(%d 6 #o>no & 3or#ou v.eo!ecne. S(ru1ne poved n6 v. -6 s( v pohy!u n ro-ov n$ "'vis$6 s - >d/ pr$spev-ov #o0e-u0y -o ce0-u6 v.e(-y #o0e-u0y op -ov D rovn -/ pohy!6 r di0 pri poh2 de n 1 s(ice rovn -e& #o0e-u0y v individu'0ne r="ne pohy!y. a >d/ druh/ so0id'rny spo0upr cu&%ce vn$# nie sve(0 1 s($c "odpoved' do (e& #iery6 >e #=>e !yD us('0ene& pohy! od &ednoduchho o!do!i 6 s &eho "v0'.(ne po1e( vi!r'ci$ ur1i(ho &ednoduchho o!&e-($vne 3 r!u6 0e ni-dy 0en vidieD6 pov h poci( sve(0 nie0en vidieD 6 od n &&ednoduch.e& vne# sve(0 v. de predpo-0 d' spo0upr'cu so0id ri(y #ed"i #noh/#i dr'>div/ch v"ru.en/ch 1 s(i ch. ao2-o s d' o1 -'v D v #o0e-u0'ch n \ei<h !0e nevypo1$( (e2n/ "v0'.D chce(e "os( D nero"hodnu( (er "K pre(o>e ne# &% dos( (o1n vedo#os(i6 !y s (o6 0e & -eT si #ys0$#6 >e vn$# nie sve(0 spo1$v v pods( (e n vi!r'cie #i"iv6 -(or s% pre(o pre r="ne 1 s($c (eru6 pre(o>e nie v.e(ci s% " rovn -/ch pod#ieno- ponder !0e 1 s($c. A0e &e (u & #ed"i # (e# (ic-/ch 3y"i-ov s('0e (o2-o ho&d D n d 1 sDou6 -(or s vyspori d &% s # (eri'0ne 1 s(ice s re 0i"'ciou o!&e-($vnych & vov sve(0 v or<'noch6 -(or !y so# s neodv'>i0 vys0oviD ir<ends ro"hodu&%ce pod#ien-y. T'(o hypo(" &e -v 0i3i-'(or (en predch'd" &%ci6 pod2 -(orho - >d/ &ednoduche& v"ru.u&%ce von- &.ie 3 r!y in(erne vi!r'ci$ "odpoved' v51.ine vi!r 1n/ch s( vov s r="ny#i #p0i(%d #i o!do!ie. A0e & &edin' 1 s(ice v r="nych vi!r 1n/ch s( vov #=>e !yD s%1 sne pov >ov n " -oncipov n/ v s%0 de s princ$p#i ru.eni 6 vor!esprochenen s-u(o1nos(i #oho0 e.(e ve2#i do!re !yD vysve(0enie pre (o v.e(-o6 !y "v'>i0 prispiev pohy!y s%6 !y s -o "0o>en pohy!y v0nu6 -(or' s rovn -o -o Op -u&(e (en(o pos(up pre v.e(-/ch &edno(0ivcov6 !y "v'>i0 prispiev D 1 s($c6 -o &e (o s po1%v n$# prispiev D &ednoduch pohy!y -#i( nie vor usse("0ich pr$p d. A0e in s-u(-ov o-o0nos(i ;d' s 6 >e vo0 nie pre -(u'0ne hypo("y6 -(or' nevy0u1u&e6 >e &edno(0iv 1 s(ice #=>u dos( D do rovn -o "0o>enie &ednoduche&
osci0 1n/ch pohy!ov. *e> s pus($#e do d=vody pre hypo("u6 !ude (o (rochu !0i>.ie - ro"vo&u. av 0i3i-'(or !ude#e #usieD n'#6 >e pod2 (e&(o hypo("y &e s(i#u0ov n% pre 2 h-% sen"'ciu #o0e-u0y -o sys(# nie-o2-/ch 1 s($c I (E#ovF6 " -(or/ch - >d/6 -eT s dos( ne .i 0en/ "o svo&e& p=vodne& rovnov'>ne& po0ohy odi.ie0 - se!e "os('v 6 pod2 &eho re0 ($vne& v"di 0enos(i h#o(nos(i pro(i T 0.ie "v0'.(ne po1e( vi!r'ci$ p (r$6 -o s% 0 di1-y6 (y1e 0e!o reD "cov6 -(or s% spo&en #on('> n spo0o1n re"on n1ne& dos-y do sys(#u6 o-re# (oho6 >e ur1enie n oso!i(n/ po1e( vi!r'ci$ pre - >d% " nich pripo&en' - sys(#ove& su!&e-(u po#ero# v0 s(n/ch 1 s($ pro(i se!e &e d n'6 pre -(or spo&en s #o0e-u0ou 1 s($c6 0e ich v"D hu - in/# 1 s(ici #6 rovn - #o0e-u0y 8QF . Do-onc & !e" von- &.ieho sve(e0nho podne(u v.e(-y ro"ru.$ 1 s(ice s% ch'p n v ur1i(e& vi!r 1n/ pohy!6 -(orho !e"3 re!n poci( o1$ B0 c- "'vis$. V pr$p de6 >e #p0i(%dy rovn - !e" "#eny po#erov n ich ve2-osD ne"#enene& "v/.enie vi!r'ci$ 1$s0 v !so0%(nych hodno('ch6 v/s0ed-o# &e poci( !ie0eho sve(0 K v. -6 poci( 3 r!y6 -eT vi!r 1n produ-(y k, X n X6 "n" ... 6 -(or p (ri do &edno(0iv/ch 1 s($c predpo-0 d' od0i.n/ po#er6 -o "odpoved' !e"3 re!n o1i 1ierne.
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A-o &e vidieD6 >e s%visi ce sys(#y p0 n( pod vp0yvo# prirod"en/ch ener<e(ic-/ch sys(#ov #=>e !yD # nvrov nie r="nych o!do!i ch6 #=>e !yD v"h2 do# - #ech nic-y ne#o>n ( -e&(o #y.0ien-e v - >do# pr$p de ni1.
To s (er " vy-on'v v.eo!ecne pod vp0yvo# 3 re!nho podne(u. Tu6 vi!r 1n s( v ce0ho sys(#u s #en$ v s%0 de s pr'vny#i predpis#i6 -(or s a priori ne#=>u !yD s( noven vedieD L pre(o>e &ednoduch re"on n1n "'-ony pre pru>n (e0eso &e u> (u nes( 1$K L V"ni- 3 r!y pod2 3 re!nho podne(u n%(i i! v.eo!ecne6 v ri'cie v po#eroch vi!r'ci$ produ-(ov (/# pri& D6 !e" (oho !y i# ro"hodov D o "#ene6 -(or/ 3 -(or 0e!o n6 &e #o>n n "'-0 deK si ( -. O!s hov D d=vody pre (%(o hypo("u. 7F Sve(0o presvi(' &e& che#ic- p=so!enie6 -(or s #=>e n o" & !5ndernd " s hov D do vn%(orn/ch "'0e>i(os($ #o0e-%06 (u pos( vi0 o &eho %1innos(i -o "#ys0ovho n'"oru s(i#u0 1n/ vy> du&e in -. Bo vie#e o prenose "vu-ov/ch vi!r'ci$ do s0uchovho nervu6 uprednos(Uu&e >i dny "odpoved &%ci poh2 d s oh2 do# n "vu-u. GF a >d/ sve(e0n/ podne( - "#ene &eho vys( venie & n sp=so!e6 -/# &e vn$# n/6 (o nie0en -v n(i( ($vne6 0e & -v 0i( ($vne "6 o (o vi c6 (/# &e si0ne&.$6 1o vedie po(ru!ie su!&e-($vne & vy o!& vi . U v.e(-/ch (/ch(o & vov6 ( - #'0o6 -o s podro!ne vysve(0en' do(er " s d' vysve(0iD6 0e #=>e !yD v s%0 de s n .ou hypo("ou6 n s0edu&%ceho v.eo!ecnho poh2 du n vyh0'senie hore. Sve(0o podne( #' nie0en "v/.iD e3e-( s(i#u0'cie so0id ri(y spo0upr cu&%ce n
vn$# nie sve(e0n/ch 1 s($c osci0ov D v -(u'0no# s( ve rovnov'hy6 0e!o eOis(u&%ce vi!r'cie6 0e & - "#ene n rovnov'>nych po0=h s ( -6 >e 1 s(ice pri p0i-'cii s(i#u0u do in/ch rovnov'he in/ ho&d 1- 6 1$# "'roveU pod#ien- ch ich vi!r'ci$ produ-(ov na a!n "... "#eniD. T'(o "#en s !ude vi c 1i #ene& s pos(upne pod vp0yvo# s(i#u0u Iporov. v (e&(o s%vis0os(i <en.T (s chenF6 pos(upne #i"n% po u-on1en$ s(i#u0u6 0e ( -6 >e 1 s(ice nie s% ihneT po n'vr (e do s( rho rovnov'hy "os( n%6 0e vy..$ -o rovn -/6 vr'(iD s v op 1no# s#ere6 do -(ore& osci0'cie s #=>e op -ov D nie-o2-o-r'(. Tie(o po# 0 osci0'cie rovnov'>nych po0=h 1 s($c6 -(or "'vis$ n periodici(e6 -eT p o!r "y us(%pi0 6 0e nie s r/ch0e&.$ -#i( nie 1 s($c n - >d op -ov n rovnov'>ne& po0ohy I-(or poci(y 3 r!y s #o(n s% "'vis0F6 !y #oh0o d=&sD - "'#ene6 (o #=>e prispieD -u -r'(-e& ro"0i.ov D (ie6 -(or s% osci0'cie prvho r'du6 druhho r'du6 ($(o s% odvo0'v 0 s n . ?o>no si preds( viD6 >e po# 0 osci0'cie v/r "ne ovp0yvniD # (eri'0ne 1 s(ice6 0e pos(upu&(e pod2 #i"iv "#eny v nich s "'vis0/#i osci0'ci$. A0e nech'# (o nero"hodne. M,s0m sa da+ p*o8in, proti mo e b'&a*e n2/or, m2 pra&d, & tom, .e osci*a-n t&or0 /2k*adno, formo, e konca po"ro&nak obr2/ky, sa & pr&e f2/e mierne k&5*i nadmerne r'c(*osti, s ako, to pre de k &e)ke s*abosti -asto &n0ma 7 sp*atnosti by+ be/ sp5sobom, to bo* pr0st,p & poro&nan0 som n2/or, .e &ide* & fenomn /&y8ko&' konf*ikt %ac(da,er a ot,penie, sa r,80, preto.e to e & podstate *en kr2tkodob, sk,to-n &/+a(y, a to (ypot/a. Jra&ide*n2 forma to(to konf*ikt,, a*e .e som sk5r &eri* m,sie+ ,/na+ *en /a mimoriadnyc( podmienok, nie e spoc(yb=o&an / nas*ed, 7cic( d5&odo&, norm2*ne formy. Jo pr& m5.e by+ ro&nak' & 8peci2*nyc( e6periment2*nyc( podmienok [c) p*ne po/oro&an'c(, a tam, kde to ne/d2 7p*ne, a*e &idie+ / t'c(to pomero&. Ka.d s&et*o do em /nie po odstr2nen0 podnet, iba & po/it0&nom f2/e [9) po tom, -o, ako o tom s&ed-0 oto-en' disk s bie*ymi a -iernymi a*ebo farebn'mi sektory a /&y8ko&' os*=, 7ci do my: to nas*ed, e neDat0&ne, komp*ement2rne k farebn'c( odt*a-ko&, f2/y, a n2&rato& & pr0pade be.n'c( /&y8ko&' post,pne sp<+ do p5&odn(o sta&,, be/ to(o, aby sa nad n0m, a*e /a /&*28tnyc( e6periment2*nyc( podmienok, ako e ,&eden, nieko)ko osci*2cio, med/i /2k*adn a dop*nko& farby a*ebo &/()ad, a &ymi/n,tie afterimaDe nas*edo&a+. 9*e n2&rat do p5&odn(o sta&,, m,s0 by+ st2*e po&a.o&an' /a osci*2ci0 & opa-nom smere, ne. predc(2d/a 7ce prec(od, a to by bo*o proti &8etk'm ana*oDicky predpok*ada+, .e /adn nepretr.it osci*2cie by sa /asta&i+ na p5&odne ro&no&2.ne po*o(y, a tie. ne,k2.e ako , t'c(, e6periment2*ne podmienky, .e sa d2 )a(ko predsta&i+, .e prest7penie to ist & opa-nom smere e -asto pr0*i8 n0/ka na to, aby a a&y, ktor presa(, 7 pra( &n0ma&osti: ako s7 napr0k*ad m5.e d5 s+ a pri &ibra-n'm & si*ne odo*2&a stredn'm re+a/com pr0pade, .e ma 7 ro&nak' *en nepatrne &y88ia ne. na p5&odn miesto po n2&rate: a*e tento n2&rat e ot2/ko, kmitania.
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Ve2#i pou1n v (o#(o oh2 de &e n s0edu&%ci eOperi#en(. ?u>6 -(or/ dr> 0 -o#p s6 n &0ep.ie s(r#ene Inie &e odh d uho0 s ?ie. DF6 s #er n% v"di 0enosD .pi1ie-6 nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i pred o1 #i6 T 0.ie %p0ne rovn - si v po0ovici6 -o ve2-/ 0e!o dv -r'( ve2- v"di 0enos(i ( -6 !y dv v/s(up-y n po" d$ p'du !o- po !o-u6 h2 d &% .pi1-ov v"di 0enosD druhho6 s0e1n v"di 0enos(i6 !y s hneT po o1n/ch ro"#erov nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i. Hoci (er " ?iss v"di 0enos(i pri rovn -e& ve2-os(i s nor#'0nou v"di 0enos(i do %v hy ich ro"die0ne v"di 0enos(i od o- dv -r'( ( ve2-6 0e!o po06 -o ve2-/ o!r " v #ys0i s% -o nor#'0ne v"di 0enos(i6 #=>e(e (o uro!iD6 0e rovn -o6 > n # 0 pre#enn -on.( n(n% chy!u rovn/ch K >e &e -on.( n(n' chy! n #U ( -6 >e so# s 6 s0e1n v"di 0enosD6 - &e (o T 0e&6 ne> &e nor#'0ne v"di 0enos(i6 u> (rochu pr$0i. # 0/6 - &e !0i>.ie6 (rochu pr$0i. ve2-/6 1o "'vis$ n r="nych ro"die0u v"di 0enos(i #ed"i ve2-osD o!r "u n di 2-u "vy.ov n'. * pro(i (o#u in' oso! " ?iss v"di 0enosD6 (o -o pri !0i>.ie6 -o -e!y !o0 v"di 0en/6 v>dy pr$0i. ve2-/6 (re($ !0i>.ie pr$0i. # 06 v51.ie v"di 0enos(i pr$0i. ve2-. Ce po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e & -eT porovn'#e o! v"di 0enos(i v rovn -e& v"di 0enos(i od o- 6 # 0/ -on.( n(n/ chy! op -u&e6 po"i($vne so #nou6 (o -o "o "'-on -o 2 ve& po0ohe n !e>n v"di 0enos(i ?iss v"di 0enos(i6 ne< ($vne n ine& oso!e6 v pr'vne&6 ne< ($vne n 2 ve& po0ohe n nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i (re($ po"i($vny &e ZF .
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ce0-ov/ch pros(ried-ov n'&den podni-o# Ipod2 " o-r%h2ov nie n 7 ` G -o &edno(-yF 9 u#ies(nen pod #e(Edy !o0i. T ->e6 !o0i "os( ven s predch'd" &%ci#i v/s0ed- #i6 n s0edu&%ci &e - dispo"$cii v Z div$"ie V6 V,6 V,,6 V,,,. ;#yse0 pre proporcie. T s(# A. Po#er. ,A 7N ] # 86R8G 7 B N68R8G ,, R ] B Q68ZG 767Q8Z ,,, # ] 7M6ZSM 7N N6SZGG ,V # ] M6GNG R 76RQ7R V ] 7M6R # 776N88 N68G7M V, M.R ] # Z67SG 767978 V,, # ] 7N6787 86R N68MZ9 V,,, # ] M697R R6R 76ZNZN Cedno(0iv 3r -cie V > V,,, s "$s- P
Ro"sudo] 7M6R V 7G.7Q 7N.RS 77.7S 7N.RG 77.M9 7N.RZ 77.GQ 77.NM 77.MR 7N.89 ] M6R V, Z.ZM Z.79 Z.QZ M.8Z M.9Q M.87 Z.GN Z.79 Z.M8 Z.N8 Z7SG
T s(# A # ] 86R V,, 8.Z8 7N.NN 9.GZ 7N.MR 9.8G 77.ZG 77.99 9.S9 7N.NS 7N.Q8 7N6787 ] R6R V,,, M.MM Z.GR M.SR M.9R M.9R Z.GR M.SZ Z.MR M.MQ Z.GG M97R
)en(ru#l 776N88
Se-vencie V6 V,6 V,,6 V,,, p0 ($ (u 6 op 1n/ ne> . A-o #=>e(e vidieD6 vp0yv por d$ (u vo v.e(-/ch .(yroch div$"i'ch &e "n (e2ne. A- s po"rie#e n po#ery v ( !u2-e v/s0ed-ov6 10ove- vid$6 >e odde0enie6 v -(oro# (esne ved2 se! o!s hu&e hodno(y ro"sud-u 0e!o T s(<rjAe -o ,, V,6 ,V
V,,, d D6 (ie> u "hodn/ch u- "ov (e2ov6 -(or #=>u !yD vhodn 6 d=ver v (en(o (yp s sn >$ #ierne "v/.iD. V -on(r s(e6 po#er 1 s(i &e "n 1ne od0i.n' v "'vis0os(i n In'p dneF rovn -e& ve2-os(i -o 0e!o # vs(%piD. , V,, "'roveU s%h0 s$ s (/#6 &e (o s('0e ve2#i do!r'6 nie -o ,,, V poci(o# podie0 # 7MZS8 e-viv 0en(n/ T s(# A 9 7NK Ro"sudo- 7M6R s T s(# A # &e 776N88K ( - #'0o6 #e0Edie ,, V,,,6 0e & v pr$p de6 &eden pren &$# v T s(<e!ie(e pre se! rovnocennosD s-%.-y #ed"i r="ny#i 1 s($ po-o>-y6 "odpoved &%ce ro"die0y vo ve2-os(i e-viv 0en(ov v "'vis0os(i n s#ere porovn nie6 pod2 -(orho &e v>dy nu(n6 pros(ried-y #ed"i se!ou u 9 " # n do!%d D hodno(y. To &e vy-on n v n s0edu&%ce& ( !u2-e. ;#yse0 pre proporcie. T s(# A. ,,,. V. 7M6Z8S ] 7N6RZZ ,. V,, 7N6N97 ] 86RZ7 ,, V,,, Z6ZR8 ] R6QS7 ,V V,. MMR7 ] ZR8Q T s(<rjAen s(%p D po(o# ove2 po# 0.ie -o ich e-viv 0en(n Au<en# A<rjAenK prev >u&% (ie s # 0/#i (/ch(o di 2-ov/ch cies( v e-viv 0en(y. A- ve"#e#e v"di 0enosD #ed"i dvo# -o#p su !odov odh d n -o>i v "#ys0e @e!er poU (ie -o 3un-ci po1(u #ed"iprodu-(ov -ruhov ci(0ivos(i6 0e !e" (/ch(o -ruhoch s% & podr'>denie6 (ed !e" nich s "d'6 -(or s podie2 &% n poci( s'#6 &e d=vod6 pre1o !o0i "$s- n od @e!er s'# "vy1 &ne v 9F 6 >e s#e vT predch'd" &%ci# s-%senos(i #6 -edy rovn -' !o0i podr'>den$6 nes-=r nevedo#e (vrdi0 (vor!y vedo#os(i "$s- 0i ich6 ($ T 0e& v0o>- do (ichho p #5(i #ed"i -(u'0ne podr'>den/ch #ies( pod2 v"di 0enos(i podr'>den/ #no>s(vo #ed"iprodu-(u un!id6 0e predch'd" &%ce s-%senos(i s n #i "n'#y#i sudcu svo&e& eOis(encie.
9F
h0'si S chs soc. 6 78RG. 777
"Ke_ sme si stano&i*i, .e by sp*odi* na d&oc( s,sedn'c( /mys*o&'c( kr,(y d&a do my, tak tie by ma*i pr7di+ spo*, & istom /mys*e. Jreto.e sa .iadna med/era priamo med/i nimi, aby bo*o mo.n &n0ma+ tak' Hmpf*nd,nDskreis med/i dotkn,t'mi sen/2cia kr,(y by by+ aspo= kra in2c(, sme na tam do em c('ba, bo*i /&ykn,t0, /&y-a ne tam pri 0ma+ a c0ti+, pre &n0ma+ samotn7 sk,to-nos+, .e sme na ten pocit kr,(o&, ktor sa dot'ka 7 d&oc( -ast0 ko.e a na ktor sme -asto pocit, do my, nedostatok pocit, sa tam dosta+, a*ebo pocity in(o dr,(,, preb7d/a & n2s predsta&, med/ipriestore. " Po(o#6 nonLpodr'>den sen"'ci -ruhy ch/! &%ce "'>i(-ov -ruhy !y !yD6 po-i 2 ide o e-viv 0en( v/-onu poci(6 - n'# d 0 !/v 0/ podr'>denie eOis(enciu rovn -ho "'- "n$- 6 -(or/ - n'# prich'd" v s%1 sne& odh dy v"di 0enosD %>i(-u. T - (ed 6 (en(o n'"or s "d' !yD " 0o>en/ n "'-0 dno# s( ve 3 -(ov6 si #=>e(e pre1$( D (o pro(i v51.$ch D >-os($. 6 ;#en po1(u -ruhov ci(0ivos(i v ro"hodnu(i ch
#ed"i !od#i -o#p su -o>e (r (i6 -(or' predch'd" &%ce s-%senos(i #=>u "os( D rovn -6 n prie- (o#u v ro"s hu6 -(or/ s n'# "d'6 >e #' ces(u v/ni#o1ne. Po )h0oro3or#ierun< 0e!o u>$v nie o# #n/ch 0'(o- I#or3$n6 (rop$n6 d (urineF6 &e po(re!n uro!iD ove2 vi c #i#ori dneho6 -o o!y1 &ne6 !y (o !o0o e.(e c$(iD rovn -o v"di 0en/ -o 2 h-' s- 0 vese0/ u-'" 0i podro!n/#i #u0(iL po"#enen/ch eOperi#en(ov n -o#p s !odov 7NF . Vo0-# nn # in3or#ov 06 >e pod2 s-or.$ch v/s0ed-ov svo&ich (es(ov s(uden' -o>e # &% rovn -/ %spech6 RUTE # 0 s 10ove-o#6 -(or/ !o0 ochrnu(/ ne%p0n' n &edne& s(r ne (v're6 po"n #en 06 >e -o#p s !ody pods( (ne T 0e& od (e&(o s(r'n-e #use0 !yD e.(e d D v"di 0enosD poci(6 ne> n "dr vo# !o-u. Wir.e& s-%senos(i (u n ned'vno o"n'#i0 @und( &e uveden v po&edn n$ S. M7R.
7NF
Si("un<s!er. d ViedeU. A- de#i- V,6 78RS. S. MM8
O-re# (oho cvi1enie #' ve2#i si0n% !5ndernd &eden6 pre(o>e (es(y )"er# -6 Vo0-# nn & 77F op -ov ne u-'" 0i6 po Vo0-# nn &e & n .e v0 s(n po-usy ( -/# sp=so!o#6 >e ni po#er ci(0ivos(i r="nych -o>n/ch o!0 s($ po rovn -e& cvi1en$ "os('v !e"o "#eny.
77F
* ro"die0 od %v h v s%vis0os(i s Vo0-# nn6 -(or/ on ro!i0. Si("un<s!er v S s-/ Soc. ?' 78R8 P. M8 o"n'#i0 #ne. S% o s-%senos(i ch pod2 #e(Edy e-viv 0en(ov - pon%- nie. 1 t&2ri /mys*e pri8ie* et(erisation, & (a8i8a into6ik2cie, & niektor'c( Le(irn*ei" podobn a&y d2&no, ke_ (mat, /2k*adn' k,r/ & ake ko)&ek /meny & t&are a posta&en0 refrak-n'c( mdi0 a*ebo /mena ,byto&anie by sa ma*o ,si*o&a+ & pr0pade, .e nie s7 ako ana*oDick a&y & /mys*e dotyk na paDe oko*nosti, /a ktor'c( tie &*astne nie e moc pra&depodobn, &ys&et*enie by sa ne(odia. Jan, e, &o s&o om po ednan0 "/ a&n &e)kos+ ob ekto& &idie+" & LA9HQH & 9rc( f Kp(t(a*m. 1[b9. 1, 1, k2b*e (str. 1M) na t'c(to konkrtnyc( sk,to-nost0: "Ke_ som sa nad'c(*a ra/ s2m &o s&o e i/be k&5*i ne/nesite)ne n2si*ne ne,ra*Dia ter, asi pred 1` rokmi, ,robi* som postre(, ktor' /osta* ne/ab,dn,te)n' k, mne, a ktor som si -asto mys*e*, m2rne a ro/(o&or s odborn0kmi. Kpra&i* som to na poste*i *e.iaci, &is0 na stene obra/, a potom, -o som ma* t/& sp2nok kon-at0n podobn brnenie & r,k2c( a no(2c(, a na8ie* takmer necit*i&, ako e to mo.n & si*n'c( ty-0 mo ic( prsto&, obra/ bo* /re me st2*e men8ie a /da*o . ne. /,rgcken &o &e)ke &/dia*enosti, preto.e to bo*o ce*kom ma*, to /mi/*o &8etci pred o-ami sa mi -ierna a n2si*n ,8i re& pri8ie* som tera/ po-,* terom pri &d'c(n,t0, a *e.a* na c(&0), ne(ybne a ot,pen0 s ot&oren'mi o-ami:. potom kedy pocit sa &r2ti*, bo* obra/ tie. ra/ &n0man', spo-iatk, &e)mi ma* a _a*eko, a potom pr0de b*i.8ie a st2*e &<-8ia, a. to potom, -o bo*i komp*etne &r2ti* pocit a dobro&o)n (n,tie, dosia(o* norm2*ne &e)kosti ..... 9 priate)sk'c( ko*eDo&, s ktor'mi som sa /die)an'mi cito&ane p,b*ik2cii, ,isti*, .e ro&nak2 bo*a a &o s&o om detst&e & cirk&i, sa sta*o t'm, s &8etk, sna(, pocit ospa*osti QiD(tinD #ack, a ,n&erVandtem &y/er2 ka/ate) &ida t'c(to s7 st2*e men8ie a po/re* sa sp<+ do
dia)ky. la*80 m,. t&rdi* & t'f,s, tento fenomn st2*e m2*o a s7&isiace o-ami do dia)ky sp<+ predmety, ktor ma*: a nakoniec som /isti*, .e tento a& & psyc(iatrii e &e)mi dobre /n2my a ne/riedka , ),d0, ktor0 trpia por,c(ami mo/D,, e ,&eden' s &e)mi &e)ko, istoto,.1 (a8i8a into6ik2cie by ma*i by+ tie. kon8tantn2. " A-o ( -/6 (ie(o s-u(o1nos(i nie s% 0e>rne pov >u&e @e!er !y # 0 !yD podri den' (o6 so# ocho(n/ s pod ?i(!e"u<n h#e n po#ery ro"si h0e (v're vn$# nie v n s0edu&%ce& h2 dis- . Do-onc & !e" von- &.ieho podr'>deni so " vre(/#i o1 #i6 n'# d'v n .e sie(nice ro"si h0e poci(6 1ierne "ornho po2 6 1o &e v"h2 do# n (o6 >e v.e(-y "#ys0ov -ruhy rovn - s0 !/ vn%(orn/ eOci('cie s% v>dy s #o o se!e n d pr ho# 0en (o6 >e rovn -o -o s -ou-o2ve- po#ocou s0 ! von- &.$ podne( poci( sp=so!en/ s( 1$ -on-r(ny s#er po"ornos(i6 !y (en(o poci( n vedo#ie. T ->e (u #'#e odh dn%D v"di 0enosD #ed"i 2u!ovo2n/#i dvo# !od#i n sie(nici ne"'vis$ n po1(e "\ischen!e3ind0icher nie &e podr'>den'6 ich eOis(enci v "n'# 0en predch'd" &%ce s-%senos(i6 !odyK 0e pod2 po1(u vn%(orne v"ru.en'6 n -(orho "'-0 de v/-onnos(i poci( pos-y(ov (e2ov !ody6 - !ude nie-(or " (/ch(o !odov !ude p r 0y"ov n/6 h2 -r (.ie v"di 0enos(i6 n prie- (o#u6 >e predch'd" &%ce s-%senos(i "os('v &% rovn -. Pod2 #=&ho n'"oru6 (er " s chov' v "'vis0os(i n v"di 0enos(i poci(y n -o>i6 o-re# (oho6 >e -o> nervov v0'-n s% "vy1 &ne nie v>dy "v/.en/ 0en v ( -e& %p0nos(i vn%(orn/# v"ru.enie ce" pr h6 -edy 0$cneho nervu v0'-n 6 0e pros(redn$c(vo# r="nych o-o0nos($6 -(or s "dvih0 n d n$#6 #=>e -0esn%D pod n$#. V s-u(o1nos(i6 >e &e v>dy s%1 sDou -o>n/ch nervov6 -(or s% !r'ny #ed"i dvo# !od#i -o#p su6 n prie- (o#u6 >e s ni nedo(-o06 n d.en/ (/# sp=so!o#6 >e s o eOis(encii po1e( v s%1 sne& do!e v"!udi0 eOp n"iu ci( pre v"di 0enosD !e" oh2 du #=>e # D predch'd" &%ce s-%senos(i "'vis0. T ->e - !y s#e o!r'(iD po"ornosD (e& 1i one& 1 s(i po-o>-y6 #'#e poci(6 >e &e nie0en n &v51.ie (ep0o 0e!o ch0 d6 0e (ie> n ro"die0 od poci(u6 >e nie-(or pri #y "'- "n$- n's in3or#u&e o eOis(encii ro"s hu &e& 1 sD6 i! >e poci( (e&(o eOp n"ie nie &e ( - -on-r(ne -o v o-u n di 2-uK #=>e#e hovoriD o (o#6 "orn po0e6 ( ->e >i dny ur1i(ho pevnho v"h2 du (ouchp d. ?o>no v. - !ude pri& (/ n &&ednoduch.ie6 >e e.(e v=!ec v"d D (en(o poci( nie1o6 >e ne"'0e>$ (o2-o n #inu0 s-%senos(i -o -(u'0ne !udenie " h# (ov/ch nervov6 -edy ro"die0 p #5(' s( v "neci(0ivenie -o>e s (0 -o# n -o>n nerv -u3r !e>nho s( vu preds( vu&e L "n'#ou s-u(o1nosDou6 "d' s n'#6 p >i6 -(orho nerv &e s-o#pri#ov n/ ( -6 -o %p0ne cud"ieho (e0es L rovn -o -o #y chce0i upo"orniD n (o6 ne!ude #o>n reprodu-ov D rovn -/ poci( o &eho eOis(encii ro"s hu 1o inho s#e #oh0i d D v/s0edo-. ki dny # 0/ "'u&e# s #i "d'6 v"h2 do# - ne#u (ie> poci(6 !e" (e0 6 do-onc & i"! L#ene& poved D6 eOis(encie6 -(or' &e ve2#i 1 s(o ci(ov n/ -o %spech v(herisierens6 - po-o>- c$(i6 1o s#e h0 vne o eOis(encii n'.ho (e0 "'- "n$- &e6 p=so!en$# " (eru #o>no 2 h-o depresii pod hr nicou6 & -eT nie v spore6 s(r ( sv 0ove& poci(6 1o n'# d'v poci( v'>nos(i n'.ho (e0 6 prispiev 6 -o pre(o6 >e o! &
poci(y n v.e(-y "vy1 &ne pr cu&% spo0o1ne. ? 0i !y s#e v nor#'0no# s( ve ne#' "#yse0 eOis(encie n'.ho (e0 ce" -o>u sv 0ove& "#ys0e6 d 0o !y s 6 s #o"re&#e6 o v(herisieren (ie> ne# 0 !yD s(r (en/K 0e >e (o #=>e !yD s(r (en'6 do- "u&e6 " druhe& s(r ny6 rovn -o -o %spech (0 -u n -o>n nerv6 v ri !i0i( (oh(o poci(u6 v "'vis0os(i n s( ve6 v -(oro# s n ch'd" &% nervy. Tak p08e Lranier de CassaDnac 1Z) o &p*y&e mt(erisierens\ "#o*o to, ako keby &8etko e6tern /mi/ne a a ,. c0ti* f*ak;n & r,ke, sot&a si &8imo*, .e som ma*a 8aty na te*e, a kra iny, na ktor Nt2* som >da*o sa, .e ma strati*, p5&odn7 rea*it, .... &onka 8ie a (motn' s&et e ,. k dispo/0cii 9k sed0te, ste ,. c0ti+ sto*i-k,, a ke_ ,. nie e poste) pre seba,. &eri*, &/n28a+ sa &o &/d,c(,. " " la*8ie po/oro&ate) 1T) ,&2d/a\ "C0ti* som sa od &onka 8ie(o s&eta &5bec, a to a od m5 (o &*astn(o te*a &iac d,8a bo*a ako 7p*ne i/o*o&an' a odde*en' od te*a .."" Dr #erDson 1a) ,&2d/a\ "se*f"Dra&it2cie kon-at0n /mi/ne a e &eri* nao/a &o &/d,c(, &/n28a+ .... 1 /mys*e dotyk, d5 de pocit /asp2&ania ko.n'c( ner&o&, a t'm sa /&y8, e s brnenie a po pod)a miery, .e si*n' t*ak sa ,. c0ti* na ko.i r,ky, kr-iem, s&rbenie, p2*enie. " " Ao&nak' e (*2sen2 &p*y&, in'c( omamn'c( *2tok. Tak.e Madden p08e (Qror. %iet FF1I, s 1a). J5soben0m ;pia into6ik2cie\ "Jri c(5d/i som si to(o sot&a &8imo*, .e mo e no(y dotk*i /eme, bo*o to, ako keby som pos,&n, riaden' ne&idite)no, si*o,, na ceste spo*,, a ako by sa mo e kr&i /2sob pre niektor terick tek,tiny, ktor2 / mo e te*o )a(80 ako &/d,c(. "
1Z) Iamb. 1T) 1a)
s&ieti. , crit #* 1[ac. - 1T
Jfe,fer, >eitsc(. 1[ac. 1I, s c9 MaD N&ieti na 9,s* 1[ac. Marca.
" la*8ie po/oro&ate) (o&or0 &p*y&, (a8i8a 1b) \ "1 &y&o*an pocity bo*i tak &'nimo-n )a(kos+, &/d,8nos+, aby som tak po&eda*," .... a pokra-, e\ "Oimitationsempfind,nD (pocit obmed/enia & med/iac( m<sa a kr&i), okam.ite odpad*a. Nteny orDani/o&ane te*a prask*a a dosta* sa do r,0n, a be/ to(o, aby &ede*, ak' t&ar som ma* na sebe, preto.e som strati* m5 t&2r, tak.e ne ak po=atie o forme, *en som c0ti*, .e som obro&sk' ro/sa( priestor, Ao/80ri*i 1M) "at_
1b)
MaD N&ieti na 9,s* 1[ba. n cZ
1M)
nesporn, e pocit predU.enie na dob, ne,r-it7 be/ formy a obmed/, 7 mene ne. /&'8enie, preto.e bra+ ako strat, pocit, priestoro&(o ,r-enia. Jodobne ako in(a*a-n omamn *2tky, sa /d2, .e prirod/en' pr0st,p sp2nk, do pr2ce. "Qy/ick' /myse*, " (o&or0, J,rky=o&a 1c) " na m< ko.a str2ca (/asp2&an0) post,pne cit*i&os+ na miernom o(ni a /a st,dena 7ro&ni, ani t*ak na .i&otn prostredie sa ,. c0ti*, te*o sa /d2 by+ na pod*o.ke &iac. &/n28a+ &2.i+, preto.e sa -asto st2&a, .e ke_ mec(ani/m,s pocit /a(f=a op<+ n2(*e preb,denie & kr0/o&'c( ob*ast0 ko.e, &y/er2 to, ako keby sme spado* /o sta&, *e&it2cia s m,.om na t&rd pod*a(y, /2.itok.: pra&depodobne & pr&e /asp2&an0 b,de ,robi*i. "
1c)
bdenia, sp2nok a sen &o 3aDnero&e s*o&a .i+. N. aZ`
Xe /a, 0ma& poro&na+ s 7-inkom omamn'c( *2tok, &e)mi od*i8n' c(arakter stryc(n0n e. K'm Oic(tenfe*s morf0n,, atrop0n,, dat,rine na,-i* na &'ra/ne 8ie /n0.enie ro/sia(*e cit*i&os+ tak, &8ak, bo* pok*es o prie(rady Lebra,c( o stryc(n0n, a ke_ ,r-ite by+ stano&en2 a &'ra/ne, a*e & pomere k t'mto *2tkam *en nepatrne. 9&8ak bo*o /isten, .e ro&nak' t*ak, ktor' inak *en n,dn pocit Denero&an stryc(n0n s &e)mi s&et* a niektor pr0-iny, .e k&a*ita &nem, sa men0 a tr&ania reenactment e n2padne &e)k'. " "9k e eden st*a-0 t*a-id*o Ca*iper na pr& na ko.i ramena a na a/yk, & norm2*nom sta&e, b'&a*' pocit e t,p2, tento &e)mi ostr' a obmed/en, a*e ro&nako ako s&et*a e stryc(n0n pocit na ko.i ramena, ako by tesnos+ 7-inne *2tky /&y8, e. " (3ien.at Nit/,nDsber., 1[b1. 1I, str Tab TbZ) Ceden (er " #=>e #ys0ieD6 >e vp0yv ochrnu(ie6 n o# #n/ch 0'(- ch6 v e(heris (ion )h0oro3or#ierun< >i d po(0 1iD poci( r du "#ys0ov/ch -ruhov pod pr ho#6 (/# produ-u&% rovn -/ %spech6 -o -eT po1e( (/ch(o "#ys0ov/ch -ruhoch !o0 %p0ne ch/! 0e!o !s(Yr!e 2 h-o K T -#er (en(o poh2 d s "d' nevyhnu(n6 - s ve"#e do %v hy6 >e s#rD &e 0en n &v51.ie #ier ochrnu(ie n &h0!.$ p'd pod pr ho#. To !y vysve(2ov 0o6 v rovn -e& do!e6 >e s#e si vedo#$ n &#en.$ posun -o#p su !odu n s%1 s(i6 -o s% horn 1 s(i p >e6 -de dv !ody -o#p su6 "'roveU n s( viD6 vy> du&% "n 1n v"di 0enos(i6 nie-edy s o!& v$ -o v"di 0en/. A-o s#e " vr.u&% -o#p s u-'" n/ d ne& v"di 0enos(i6 "!ier #e pos(upne v.e(-y in(er3ir# ci(0iv "#ys0ov -ruhy6 -(or vs(upu&% podr'>denie n d pr ho#6 0e v rovn -e& v"di 0enos(i6 -eT &e pri& (' #ed"i dvo# s( cion'rny#i !od#i -o#p su6 ve2-/# podie0o# nes(i#u0ov n/#i sen"oric-/ch -ruhov pod pr hov' hodno( os('v . T - do!re6 0e hod$ s (o(o vysve(0enie -u s-u(o1nos(i # do(er " dis-u(ov n/ch6 ( # &e e.(e 3 -(6 >e s "d'6 &e v ro"pore s pri #o6 #us$# pri"n D6 >e s #i d0ho v ro"p -ochK +en so# vede06 >e pre(o6 >e ich vysve(0enie n &edne& do(er " hypo(e(ic- podporov D n'"or6 >e & -eT6 -o &e n -oniec vidieD6 doch'd" s predch'd" &%cou ve2#i pr$rodnou -on(eO(u6 0e " -(or/ch &eden #=>e6 v. -6 si >e0 &%6 !y !o0 s('0e n druhe& s(r ne !ud% podporov n -o po(re!ou ( -ho(o vyh0'seni . Vo0-# nn uro!i0 po"n'#-u6 #ys0$#6 >e po(vrdi06 >e n'p0 sD n 1 s(i -o>e hr ne d ne& dH>-y - o- #>i(#u pos%denie -o #e(Edy e-viv 0en(ov s o!& v$ nie0en ne"vy.u&e6 0e do-onc & (rochu #en.ie -o (o v dH>-e "odpoved &%ce& v"di 0enos(i #ed"i dvo# !od#i -o#p su n rovn -e& s(r ne -o>e6 0e podne(6 !e" oh2 du n (0 v p0no# o-r & vi cer/ch "#ys0ov/ch -ruhy !y # 0 !yD "ru.en' ce" pr h6 -o !o0o uveden v pr'"dne& v"du.ne& v"di 0enos(i n d n$#. f 0e&6 " s(uden podne( ne"vy.u&e !e#er-(er# Aen6 0e "ni>u&e poci( ro"si h0e. To sprev'd" (%(o in3or#'ciu s nie-(or/#i 1$s0 #i6 uvedo#i0 so# si6 >e 0en # 0/ s-%.o!ne& srie Pre(o s . 8. p r. +in. #er n6 re" od si0n o!chodn - r(y6 o-r & n predne& 1 s(i u- "ov'-u In vo0'rne& h2 dis- dH>-y -on1 (iny po6 so " dn/# -onco# v Ge0en-3u<eF u#ies(nen/6 s o!& vi0 v pi (ich po-usov I!e" ;u"iehun< o- F6 odpoved' n (ie(o -ruhov v"di 0enos(iP
S6RK S.MK Q69K S6NK S.G 0in-y6 Pros(ried-y S678. Podo!n pod#ien-y so# n .ie0 v ine& do!e n prs(. Tie> n horne& 1 s(i r #ien6 -o so# uro!i0 s dH>- #i hr'n n GR > MN 0inie- v r="nych do!'ch s-%.o- v>dy #en.$ch -ruhov/ch v"di 0enosDou e-viv 0en(nou n rovn -o# #ies(eKi! po#er "n 1ne -o0$s 0 v po-usoch v r="nych dUoch6 -o so# & 6 pre porovn nie v p0ne& s pr'"dnou v"di 0enos(i od poci(u vy"er' ove2 D >.ie6 ne> n prs(. )e0-ovo !y so# n -0onen/6 1i s(o1ne pri #e porovn nie6 1i s(o1ne v "'vis0os(i n sp=so!e e-viv 0en(ov (% v/hodu6 >e "d n0iv' ve2-osD pre pr'"dne v"du.ne& v"di 0enos(i - dH>-e p0ne& hr ny n r #en'ch do-onc v51.ie6 ne> n'&sD n prs(och6 spoU nie ni>.i . A!y s dosi h0o !e"pe1nho univer"'0ny v/s0edo- v (o#(o s#ere6 0e 0en v nie-o2-/ch ne"'vis0/ch eOperi#en(ov os=! !y !o0o po(re!n. *'"or6 >e so# n s( viD vysve(0iD6 &e (er " (o(oP *'# ?ys0e0i s#e si6 >e T s(nerven3 sern -(or spros(red-ov'v &% s #os( (n poci(y v #o"<u6 0e!o v #ies(e pred #o"o< rovn -o s%(o-u6 -o !e>n "#ys0ov -ruh (vor$ ve(vy rovn -ho v0'-n 6 rovn -o -o &e& 1innos(i &e& "'vis0/ch poci(y !y sp'& D6 Spo0o1n/ pries-u# " #noh/ch ( -/ch(o v0'-ien ce" pr h i! ve2-ou in(en"i(ou6 nie ro".$renie h# (u #=>e niesD6 rovn -o -o &e pr vd 6 " ve(iev rovn - "#ys0ov -ruhu. Ce nesporn6 ( ->e #us$#e predpo-0 d D6 >e 1innosD dis-r(nych vn$# &%cich v0'-ien6 3or(ers(rec-en #ed"i ni#i Ice" ich spo&enie v #o"<uF v rovn -e& s%vis0os(i6 -o &e v nich6 ich po!o1ie-6 0e #ed"i ni#i ch/! 0e!o p'du pod hr nicu (/# p0'.D " poci(u opr'vnenK pre(o>e in - nie &e >i dny d=vod6 pre1o r="ne v0'-n !y ne# 0 d D rovn -o &ednoduch sen"'ci v/s0edo-6 -o po!o1-y (e& is(e& "#ys0ov -ruhuK ;ri Tu&e s pr've ( -/ d r. Ter " si #=>e(e #ys0ieD6 >e -eT &e (0 - n hr nu 0e!o (ep0o(y podne( p=so!$ n (r -(u -o>e6 r s(%ce psycho#o(oric- 1innosD s neo!#ed"u&e i! n ( -(i0n nervy ich " -on1eni cen(r'0ne&6 0e & n ich spo&enie spo0u n v"'&o# 2 h-o pre!ieh v #o"e s s-=r dis-r(ne nervov v0'-n s 1i s(o1ne sp0/v &%ci s 1innosDou n d pr hov% hodno(u6 pre(o s% ve(vy rovn -ho "#ys0ov -ruhu e-viv 0en(u. Do-onc & v op 1no# pr$p de &e do!re "n'#e6 >e podr'>denosD6 pod2 (oho6 -o &e vi c schopn/ spus(iD pohy! re30eOn/ch vo v51.o# #er d0e6 1o "n #en'6 >e nervov' -(ivi( #=>e !yD & n T 0e& prv/ %se- sen"oric- nervy #o(orovho nervu "0%1enin #i6 -(or eOis(u&% v cen(r'0nych or<'nov #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# 6 -o s% de3inov n v si0e s(i#u0u T 0.$ch o-o0nos(i ch6 ( ->e -on'h0e v/r "ne& s(i#u0'cii #o(oric-/ch nervov s vy-on'v (/#6 >e s v T 0.$ch pr$p doch. ;odpoved &%ce 1o &e rovn - -on D po> dov n 3 -( #i re30eOu vysve(0iD "#ys0ov nervy #o(oric- nervy v"h2 do#6 !ude(e s 0en po(re!ov 0 vysve(0iD s-u(o1nosDou6 n -(or s &e (u6 & s oh2 do# n nervov/ch v0'-ien v rovn -e& h# (ov nervy -0 # D spo0o1ne6 pri& D (o6 1o #=>e # D #en.ie pro!0#y -o n (o#ic- spo&enie (/ch(o v0'-ien &e nesporn !0i>.ie6 -o r="ne #ed"i dvo# nervu. S #o"re&#e6 ro"o!er (e2n -(ivi(ou s(i#u0 1n pod0ieh "#en'# v #o"n6 >e -(ivi( s "vy.u&e s nove0ou podne( - v51.e& po#ery v nervu ich v5"ie! u#/v d0'6 "v/.i0 " d n/ch o-o0nos($6 (o & v !/v 0e& n %-or druhe&6 0e!o v prospech To is( #=>e sp dn%D. A ( - cvi1enie #oh0o niesD v T s(versuchen6 >e vi c T s(nerven3 sern -on( -(ov D S(redn' " -on1enie n d pr ho#6 pri1o# s%1 sne "ni>u&% vi c spo&en$ pod pr hov% hodno(uK -o &e vp0yv cvi1eni n #ech nic-/ch pohy!ov/ch "ru1nos($ s%1 sne &e6 >e - posi0neniu svo&e sv 0y6 !y !o0o #o>n presun%D &edno(0iv 1 s(i rovn - s #os( (n6 ur1i(e nie !e" ?i(ein30uA n nervy. A0e n &edno# 0e!o in/# sp=so!o#6 vp0yv cvi1eni &e ro".$riD #er nie v"di 0enos(i i! do ur1i(e& # Oi#'0ne&K pre(o6 >e - s% v.e(-y "#ys0ov -ruhy s% "v/.en n d pr ho#6 0e!o v.e(-y s% ro"veden/ v #o"<u6 pre(o #us$ !yD dosi hnu(' # Oi#'0n . V s-u(o1nos(i6 (o #' ( - # Oi#'0ne n so# " #es(n n/ Vo0-# nn v "'D >ov/ch (es(ov spo&enie6 -(or !o0o uveden vy..ie6 u-'" 0o s 6 d=s0edne odhod0 ne. T # s% nie-(or s-u(o1nos(i6 -(or #=>u !yD n s( ven s n .i#i n'"or#i v o!0 s(i6 ve2#i do!re vn%(ri priechod " &edne& s(r ny n (o is(6 0e >e !y #oh0i !yD vhodn os( (n/#i spochy!niD n druhe& s(r ne6 v pr$p de6 >e (o6 & -eT nie v ur1i(o# ro"pore n (o is( e.(e !yD podri den' &ednoduch. A-o u> !o0o uveden vy..ie6 pohy! -o#p su !odu n r #en'ch &e vn$# n/ -o For(rYc-un<6 - (o &e (ie> ve2#i #'0o6 0e pods( (ne v51.iu v"di 0enosD od0o>en/ch n #on(ov n/ch !ody -o#p su s nec$(i0 n r #en'6 -o v"di 0enos(i. To !y #oh0o !yD vy(0 1en6 >e odvo0 nie " -o#p su !odu - >d/ poci( -ruhu s(re(ne6 "dvihne ce" pr h6 " (i 2 1o v di 2-e #ed"i .pi1-y #noh/#i spi cich "#ys0ov/ch -ruhy pod hr nicou "os( D. A0e - (o ( - &e6 #us$ !yD6 v/hod vyp0/v &%c " prechodu vrcho0u pred odpo1in-u v"di 0enos(i u!%d D6 po-i 2 ide o ( - vy(voren ro"si h0e ve2-os(i poci( n 1 s(i ch6 -de v.e(-y "#ys0ov -ruhy n d pr ho# s%6 v - >do# pr$p de #ene& o 1 s(i ch vy..i ro"si h0e& ci(0ivos(i -o ni>.i !yD. To &e n o" & o veci ro"hodo0K i! pre-ro1$ v/s0edo- eOperi#en(u6 ( - povedi c #ies(o ur1eni nie v51.iny6 0e nie-o2-o 2ud$6 vr'( ne se! 6 n'&sD "d n0iv% ve2-osD ces(ov 0 pod2 !odu v"di 0enos(i -o#p su n prs( e.(e ro"hodne #en.ie6 ne> v rovn -e& v"di 0enos(i #ed"i odpo1$v -o#!inov n -o#p s !ody6 pre -(or &e D >- n'&sD vysve(0enie. *e> so# s $sD do dis-usie o (e&(o podivn v/s0ed-y6 !e>$# n -(u'0ne. A- chce(e po-us6 d 0 so# n se! 0e!o in oso!y6 78F6 -o#p s !od v Ge0en-3u<e #ed"i predn -on1 (iny s(redn/# -H!o# u- "ov'- Ivo0'rne& s(r neF druh/ o 9 > 7N p r. +in-y vpred 79F 6 =s#y v "#ys0e v"di 0enos(i6 po(o# "dvihni(e .pi1-u6 -(or' &e v Ge0en-3u<e6 $sD s druhou .pi1-ou6 v>dy !e" ;u"iehun< o1$6 n Ge0en-3u<e do0e.
78F
V nie-o2-/ch po-usoch so# "is(i06 >e ne"'0e>$ n (o#6 1i n & D po-us o se!e6 0e!o #=>e !yD " os( (n/ch uro!iD pre se! .
79F
Ce #o>n6 >e & T 0.ie prs(y d0h.$ dH>-y prs( n po-usy pou>i&% do spo& #ed"i druhou " dn -on1 (iny6 druh/ sed$ n horne& 1 s(i predne& -on1 (iny. * pr$-0 d6 " dn' .pi1- Tie> so# (u n'&de(e +5n<enun(ersehied pod2 vy..ie
eOperi#en('0ne "n 1ne.
T'(o ces( pohy!u&%ce s .pi1-ou s 6 >e &eho #eno !o0o ned'vno b, "d' s #i6 >e (o hovor$(e nepochopi(e2n -r (.ie6 ne> &e v"di 0enosD #ed"i s( cion'rny#i vrcho0y6 -(or r hor%ci. Op -ov 0 so# eOperi#en( n in% oso!u6 s #o"re&#e6 rovn -o -o vo v.e(-/ch T 0.$ch (es(och n in6 !e" (oho6 !y spresni0 o1 -'v n/ s#er v/s0edo-. Vysve(0i0 ce0-o# prirod"ene po nie-o2-/ch op -ov ni ch6 >e &e& b o po0ovicu ( - d0ho6 -/# r s o!& v$6 ( ->e #=& v0 s(n/ poci( ve2#i do!r' "#0uv K "ved vo vy& dri0 H n-e0 Vo0-# nn n se!e ne"'vis06 &e (o ( -K (o si &e b o po0ovicu6 - u> v r . O"n'#iD6 rovn -o -o v"or-y 1or " vi c T 0.$ch os=! #=>u !yD poch/! o (o#6 >e s-u(o1ne b ove2 #en.ie -o r s #=>u o!& viD. ,! v/s0edo- &e v >i dno# pr$p de univer"'0n .?'# ce0/ G8 2ud$6 vr'( ne #U 6 (es(ov n6 " -(or/ch 7S >i dny v/"n #n/ ro"die0 #ed"i b r #oho0 n'&sDK 7N n'&den/ch b #en.i -o r 6 >e v51.in ve2#i ro"hodne -r (.ieK 7 !o0 o!r'(en/ b n &prv vy!r (' d0h.ie -o A 6 0e -eT op -ov n$ po-usu poci( pre o!och pos(upne vyrovn'v . +en ( - 2udi #i #u> Ipri r/ch0o# pohy!eF ve2#i ro"hodne s #os( (ne b#en.i -o r "is(i06 >e &e #o>n n'&sD T 0.ie .(yri oso!y6 s -(or/#i si n & 06 !y s po-%si0i >i dny ro"die06 " (i 2 1o n'hodne pr$(o#n6 Pro3 Du!ois rovn -o -o n .ie0 s'# se! . To(o6 spo0o1ne6 !ud% # D MZ 2ud$6 7G b n'&den -r (.ie -o r6 G7 >i dny v/"n #n/ ro"die06 7 Ispo1i (-uF b d0h.$ -o r C s'# so# !o0 schopn/ #i " "n #en D >i dny ro"hodu&%ci vp0yv n %spech s%du6 pod2 (oho6 1o so# viedo0 -o#p s !ody s v51.ou 1i #en.ou v/(0 1-ov 0e!o s r/ch0e&.$ 0e!o po# 0.$ prie!eh. A0e v in/ch6 r/ch0osD s "d' !yD ro"die0. GN.F v/s0edo- s oci(o0 u #U v r="nych do!'ch v>dy -on.( n(n/ v rovn -o# s#ere6 " - >d/#6 pri!0i>ne rovn -' s prv/#i po-us#iK 0e (o s #i "d 0o nie-o2-o-r'(6 -o !y s nie-(or$ op -ov D "& vn/ ro"die0 #ed"i b r s('0e "vy.u&eK pr vdepodo!ne #' ur1i(/ vp0yv n op -ov nie #ies(o n o" &6 pre(o>e #'# ur1i(/ vyh0'senie o ro"die0e pre!ieh 0en po ne& -o# op -ov n$6 v &edno# Ivy..ie spo#enu(/chF pr$p de do-onc spo1i (-u dos( 0 op 1n/ v/s0edo- s nie-(or/#i T 0.$#i 2uT#i.
GNF
Vo0-# nn p$.e n #U P X?'# poci(6 >e v"du.n' v"di 0enosD s-u(o1ne v51.i -o n (re( p0ochy -o>e pre-r/v D Ro"die0 nie &e T 0e-o od Dup0u#6 1i &e r/ch0osD .(r &-u # 0o vp0yv6 ne!ude# s ur1i(osDou poved D6 -o s "d' .. #i (o. ;d' s #i6 >e &e6 -o -e!y r/ch0o p r'diD s "v/.en$# -on(r s(u6 0e!o in/#i s0ov #i6 >e porovn nie vy-on n v ro"#eroch > n po# 0.$ .(r &-u %p0ne rovn -e& ve2-os(i. X Du!ois !o0 vp0yv r/ch0os(i v rovn -o# "#ys0e -o Vo0-# nn. Tie> so# s sn >i06 1i u> &ednoduch/ -o#p s !od " Ge0en-3u<e po .pi1-y prs( > n 0i.(u pop$s D d0h.iu ces(u6 ne> v rovn -e& v"di 0enos(i v op 1no# s#ere pre.ie0
do0e. V51.in 2ud$ nen .ie0 v/"n #n/ ro"die06 0e ( -/ #i0/6 d 0 Ivo v"'&o#ne ne"'vis0/ch po-usovF6 !e" v/ni#-y6 -(or pov >u&% " sp=so! -H!u hore d0h.ie6 ne> s po -H!u6 vr'( ne nie-o2-/ch6 -(or >i dny v/"n #n/ ro"die0 #ed"i b r n'&den/ch. ?ed"i G8 2uT#i6 -(or$ ,6 podro!i predch'd" &%ce po-usy s v. -6 " -(or/ch nie-(or (en(o druh/ po-us s nen & 06 (ie> !o0o "is(en6 7N (ie(o ro"die0y6 0e (ie> (o6 >e (o(o nie &e i! n'hodou6 ;d' s 6 >e doch'd" . * -oniec so# eOperi#en(ov 0 n s0edu&%ce (ypyP D 0 so# s-upinu6 -(ore& hro(y !o0i " o!0en vos-o# 0e!o pe1 (n/ vos- -or'0o- G7F 6 ve2- ro"p5(ie -r$de06 !o0 rovn -/ pre in% oso!u6 n &edno# -onci n #o&o# indeOe 0e!o pros(redn/ prs(6 druh/ n #ies(o pred0 -(i 6 (er " s v po"dH>no# s#ere6 ( ->e prs( r #eno se# ( #6 !y &eden -oniec !o0 pohy!u&%ce s n prs(6 druh/ n r #en'ch rovn -ou r/ch0osDou. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 hus(o( nerv prs( -o>e6 &e v51.i 6 ne> &e p >e -o> 6 ( ->e &e po(re!n "is(iD6 >e pohy!u&e v pries(ore prs( 0e!o r/ch0osD pohy!u n prs( !y #use0 !yD ro"hodnu(6 vi c ne> s o!& vi0i n r #en'ch. A0e & so# !o0 v nie-o2-o-r'( op -ov n po-usy6 -o >e so# uro!i0 (o in$6 ne> s #i do-onc si n & 0 & os( (n/ch 2ud$6 ne#=>e(e n'&sD nie1o ro"hodn%. *ie-edy s "d 0o6 >e s #i &eden6 ino-edy druh/ (ip r/ch0e&.ie s pohy!ov D6 0e!o s pre&sD n v51.o# pries(ore6 (ie> T 0.$ 2udi 6 -(or so# dos( 0 ne& -% s v/-yv#i6 nie-edy vy0o>ene pro(ire1iv/#i vyh0'seni #i. ;d n0iv/ %spech s "d' "'vis0' h0 vne n preds( vivos(i. GGF
G7F
s predch'd" &%ci#i eOperi#en(y6 s% pou>i( un !<es(u#p3(K v s%1 sne& do!e6 0e !e" dosi hnu(i vy..ie uvedenho op (reni nie &e p0ynu0 ri denie " vrcho0ov.
GGF
Ten(o (es( s vys-y(u&e u o('"o- vo v"D hu6 -(or/ )"er# - v # 0o# po&edn n$ Xn'p dy do do-(r$ny 1 su6 1o "n #en'X v ro-ov n$ spr'v d ViedeU. A- d pr$0 78RS. Uvere&nen !e" &eho (rochu schopn$ vychov'v D ich6 !y prispiev 0i.
A- s po-%si(e d D do %v hy "0yh nie predch'd" &%ce po-usy6 #=>e ( # !yD v prvo# r de " chov D -o &e (o #o>n6 >e -o#!in'ci 6 -(or% pre&de v )o#p ss Poin( !odov v "'s de p #5(i6 in/ v/s0edo- "d n0iv ro".$renie &e6 -o "hrnu(ie rovn -/ #ed"i spi ce -o#p s !odov ro"hodnu( !ody6 (o &e v s-u(o1nos(i a priori ne"n #en'6 >e dohod #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# pr$p d#i6 -(or s -on &% vo v/s0ed-och. +en !y !o0o D >- "0 diD ne%spech (/ch(o po-usov6 ( ->e r="ne u r="nych &edincov s n$#6 ne"d' s 6 >e ( -/(o ro"die0 &e s'# o se!e poci( v o-u. T - so# s pri"n D o(vorene6 >e ne#'# spo2 h0iv vysve(0enie (e&(o si(u'cie. Do (e& do!y6 #o>no &eden vysve(0enie !y #oh0o !yD n s0edovn > do (er " s #o"re&#e s('0e ve2#i !odo# v o('"-e s(/- D. Predpo-0 d &#e6 >e 10ove- #us$ v d ne& -o>n ces(ou a( srie "#ys0ov -ruhy abcdefD( a >d/ p (r$ i"o0ov n T s(nerven3 ser6 -(or/ s n ch'd" vo svo&e& pr'ci n d
pr ho#. Ter " v.e(-o !e>$ po srii -o#p su !odu !e" s%(o-u s ich 1innosDou6 ( -6 -o (o !o0o uveden v #noh/ch 2ud$6 a( &ednoducho #=>u o!& viD ( - ve2-/6 -/ !o0 #ed"i spi cich vrcho0ov6 pre(o>e po1e( dis-r(nych c$(i ci v0'-n ni "v/.en' ni "#en.i0. Predpo-0 d &#e v. -6 >e (/#6 >e podne( n -o#p s !odu s%(o-u riepred(/# i"o0ov n/ch !odov " - >d/# vi c6 n pr$-0 d (ri6 e-viv 0en( "#ys0ovho -ruhu po Prin"ip !o0o uveden vy..ie6 (& pos(upne abc, #CD, CDH. . . po-ro.pi1-y - b c 6 vyvs('v o('"- 6 1i ce0' v"di 0enosD a( #=>e s('0e vy"er D rovn -o s-ve0e6 -o -eT !ody 6 b 6 c s% vy-on'v n i"o0ov ne 0e!o -o eOis(u&% #ed"i odpo1in-u !od#i -o#p su. To s #i "d' (er " nie &e is( a priori "vo0enho ro"hodnu(e0n 0e!o n "'-0 de s-%senos($. A- a( s #=>u o!& viD #en.ie (/#(o sp=so!o#6 ( ->e !y %spech eOperi#en(u s (/#i6 -(or$ b #en.ie -o r n'&sD6 ( #o>no vysve(0iD. A0e # 0i !y s(e o1 -'v D6 >e "is- (0 -u pri po-usoch po(o# vy& dren/ vp0yv6 0e ne#o>no -on.( (ov D6 s #o"re&#e. Ce nesporn6 s% s-u(o1ne od s #ho " 1i (-u nie v.e(-y !ody 6 b 6 c ... &e n d hr nicou6 0e 1 sD " nich s "dvihne i! -o#p s !od o (o#6 ( - #=>e %1ino- si0ne&.$ (0 - v (e&(o s%vis0os(i s (/# "v/.en )on30uOes -o#pen"ov D ne& -/# sp=so!o#K 0e "odpovednosD &e s('0e ove2 pochy!nos(i6 po-i 2 ide o vysve(0enie. Vp0yv op 1no# s#ere pohy!u s #=>e (ie>6 - (o !o0o preu-'" n6 >e v d=s0ed-u -ho-o2ve- O-re# (oho o-o0nosD6 ni>.iu h#o(nosD6 !y s d 0 n neho. ;'s dn/ v/"n # &e n s0edu&%ci s-=r op -ov ne do(-o06 presD hov 0 se#6 o('"- P V "'vis0os(i n ve2-os(i ro"si h0e& vn$# nie "o s(r ny s rovn -ou 3un-ciou po1(u nevy1erp n pr'ce " "#ys0ov -ruhov6 -o &e ve2-osD in(en"$vny poci( ve2-os(i s(i#u0ub ,n/#i s0ov #i6 v s%vis0os(i6 >e pr'vo n @e!erVv n "'-0 de nich s% n .e predch'd" &%ce 3or#u0 n ro"si h0e poci( p0 (nho6 " predpo-0 du6 dos d$#e po1e( -($vnych "#ys0ov/ch -ruhoch ve2-os(i s(i#u0u v Uo#b ? (eri'0 uveden v - pi(o0e 9 (es(y preu-'" 0i6 >e "'-on @e!er &e po(vrden' ro"#ery o- pre s-%.-yK Bo0o (ie> preu-'" n6 >e po(vrdenie ro"hodnu(i n . "'-0 dn' o('"- 6 ni1 ne"n #en'6 pre(o>e (es(y s% vy-on'v n pod vp0yvo# pohy!u o1$K 'no &eho s-u(o1n/ v/"n # nie &e "n'#y > (er ". V (e& chv$0i (o !o0o r<u#en(ov 06 >e "'-on @e!er6 -eT T s(# Ae ne!o0o po(vrden n s%dK v n s0edu&%ce& - pi(o0e6 !ude# ci(ov D po-usov v (e&(o (ie(o po-usy s "d &% !yD u(ori( ($vny6 pre(o>e (o(o hnu(ie nepr$de do hry. V s-u(o1nos(i6 pr vd 6 " 0o>en/ n @e!erVv "'-on6 #er nie v"orec v"h2 do# n ro"si h0e "#ys0e nie &e - Ve2- 0in-y !y s (/#(o v"orco# v 0o< ri(#ic-o# po#ere pro(i #en.$# s-r'(en'K 0e dv -r'( ( - d0ho6 0in- &e (ie> cenen do!r/# s(upUo# o1$ -o dv -r'( ( - d0ho6 (o &e v s-u(o1nos(i & n T 0e& eOis(ov D so " vre(/#i o1 #i n pr$p d6 -eT s ro"sudo- pohy!y nie &e poved D p 0cov ?ed"i(/# s u1i d=-0 dne&.ie %v hy6 >e v pr$p de6 v s-u(o1nos(i &e po1e( "#ys0ov/ch -ruhov !y # 0 (voriD v ro"si h0ych poci(y6 si0 s(i#u0u v in(en"$vne&6 &edn #en.i v51.i podne( nie #en.iu v51.iu 1 sD eOp n"ie sie(nice6 0e 0en #en.ie v51.ie ce0' sie(nice !y #oh0i !yD " s(%pen6 0e #=>e !yD v n .ich eOperi#en(och nevyr'! &%6 ( -6 !y s po"orov nie6 n -(or s uveden6 s v=!ec
nevhodn6 !y ro"hodo0 o('"-u s( ros(0ivo6 pre(o>e v>dy 0en n #en.ie v51.ie 1 s(i sie(nice -o>e . $sD av 0i3i-'(or (o s u-'>e6 ( - (ed P )e0-ov% -($vnych -ruhov ci(0ivos(i n .e& sie(nice &e " predpo-0 du6 >e ich po1e( v ro"si h0e #no>s(vo poci(e #' rovn -/ v/"n # -o repre"en(u&%ci si0u s(i#u0u pre in(en"i(u6 ur1i( ro".$renie pre poci(6 "d n0iv/ po0e ur1i(e& ve2-os(i. aeT &e (en(o ce0o-6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 - #no>s(vo !y "#ys0ov -ruhy6 -(or s " o!er &% n d no# po#ere v"or- !o0 "v/.en'6 rovn -o -o v pr$p de &eho pou>i(e2nos(i6 "d n0iv/ po2 r s( po @e!er "'-onov6 v rovn -e& v/.-e6 dv sie(nice o ve2-os(i n na !y n rovn -/ nerv (esnosD # &% "d n0iv "orn po0e6 -o &e 0o< 0o< na spr'v nie s pri po1(e "#ys0ov/ch -ruhov v.eo!ecne eOp n"i " 1$n !yD n'p dne6 &e n s( ven/ n hodno(u 7. A0e #y 1erp D i! 1 s(i r " d ne& sie(nicu pro(i se!e do %v hy6 -o &e (o#u vo v.e(-/ch n .ich eOperi#en(och6 " predpo-0 du6 >e v.e(-y dH>-y v"di 0enos(i i! v r " d n6 nie 2u!ovo2ne #eniD6 sie(nice s% od se! odde0en6 ( ->e &e s oh2 do# n ro"si h0e poci( rovn -o -o s oh2 do# n in(en"$vny6 - ve"#e#e "0o#o- in(en"i(y podne(u pro(i inho do %v hy. V"h2 do# (o#u6 - >d/ &e v rovn -e& v/.-e n druh%. % (h 1 s(i sie(nice &e po(o# n #us$ preds( vov D (h s%1 sD ce0ho "ornho po2 6 n n" -r'( ( - ve2-/6 n" -r'( ( - ve2-' 1 sD "ornho po2 6 v "'vis0os(i n ve2#i &ednoduch Prin"ip6 >e s%1e( die0ov &e ce0' rovn' . V s-u(o1nos(i6 poved"#e6 # 0' 1 sD sie(nice !o0 vn$# n/ re0 ($vne v51.$6 ne> &e ce0 sie(nice6 rovn -o -o s0 ! sve(0o podne( vn$# n/ re0 ($vne si0ne&.$ po #er n$ v.eo!ecnho v"orc 6 -o si0n/6 ( ->e !y s%1e( (/ch(o "& vn ro"#erov 1 s($ pr$de v51.ie "d n0iv #iere6 ne> " ce0% sie(nicu6 1o &e v ro"pore so. CeL0i v. -6 0e s0 ! sve(0o s(i#u0 po #er n$ v"orc &e re0 ($vne vi c vn$# n' -o si0n'6 &e (o pre(o6 0en po(i 26 po-i 2 pr$p d6 -edy s0 !/ nie &e s%1 sDou si0ne&6 0e -on &%c ved2 neho 0e!o po Uo#. A0e - s s0 !/# sve(0o# s(i#u0 1n/ 1 s(i si0n/6 v rovn -o# pries(ore 1 se #ies( p=so!i cich6 sve(0o s(i#u0 &e6 >e nie &e v51.$ vp0yv n poci( n s( ne6 -eT os( (n s0 ! 1 s(i6 ( - &e (o v po#ere - ve2-os(i &u v.e(-y sve(e0n podne(y 3or#y. cp0ne v s%0 de so s( novis-o# ro"si h0e ve2-os(i sie(nice6 -o &e (u v in(en"$vne& ve2-os(i s(i#u0u. Podo!n' %v h !y !yD pou>i(e2n n ro"#ere ro"s hu -o>e. *ehovor$#6 >e pou>i(e2nosD pr'v @e!er "'vis0/ch v"orcov &e pripevnen/ ro"si h0e& poci(ov (/ch(o %v h6 0e i! (o6 >e po(o# s #o>nosD (e&(o p0i-'cie s('0e eOis(u&e.Ro"hodu&%ci d=- " s-%senos($ so# vede06 >e ne#o>no n'&sDK ( # s% (er " nie-(or d=s0ed-y (e&(o p0i-'cie6 -(or nie s% %p0ne nepr$s(upn v se!e "'u&#u s-%# nie ur1i(ho poh2 du6 -(or pre(o so# s('0e chce $sD s nie-(or/#i. V (o#(o oh2 de6 " in - rovn -/ch pod#ieno-6 &e po1e( -($vnych -ruhov ci(0ivos(i sie(nice n ve2-osD sie(nice &e %#ern' A& n hr diD prv 1$s0o sen"oric-/ch -ruhov pod2 ve2-os(i sie(nice -o , in n dr> n rovno#ernos(i hus(o(y nervu sie(nice v rovn -ho &edinc 6 nerovnosD (e&(o (esnos(i #ed"i prv/ &edinci s('0e ne!er% do %v hy (o6 1o s !ude di D po(o#.Pod "d n0iv% "orno# po0i &e v>dy po(re!n ch'p D "ornho po2 6 -o v u" vre(o# o-u6 n ro"die0 od s-%senos($ vp0yv#i o!& v$.
Po p0i-'cii n'.ho #er ni rovnice &e pre nie-edy "& vn po0e vy(vor$ "n (e2n/ ro"s h6 do ur1i(e& #iery sie(nice vy> du&e Ipo1e( dis-r(nych -($vnych sen"oric-/ch -ruhyF6 -(or &e po(re!n pov >ov D " pr hov% hodno(u6 " predpo-0 du6 >e ('(o pr hov' hodno( -o ce0o-6 v.eo!ecne s !yD o"n 1en/6 ro".$renie sie(nice &e pov >ov n'6 k &e n s( ven' n #er nie v"orec ] 76 0o< &e d D #ieru "d n0iv ve2-os(i "ornho po2 . Veri06 >e &e "re&#6 po0e verL n L-r'(6 &e po(re!n s prih0'siD na in n 0o< = 0o< a n prihr'v-u6 (& sie(nice6 -(or ('(o n !y # 0 pos-y(n%D -r'( po2 6 #us$ "$s- D ro".$renie6 -(or' nie &e nL-r'( v51.i 0e n" (/ enere "dvo&n'so!enie ich ve2-osD s !ude #eniD "d n0iv/ po0e vo v.e(-/ch v/"n #n/ch pod#ieno-6 " predpo-0 du6 >e po(o# s prih0's(e G pro(i pro(o-o0u 9 "#i"ne. ; (oh(o d=vodu &e "re&#6 >e ve2#i ve2- o1i6 -eT (o !o0o nu(n vy(v'r D ve2- v/hody6 s 1o n &#en.$# vyn -0 d nie 3in n1n/ch pros(ried-ov6 %1e0ov' nie &e v/hodn. Tie>6 (o !o0o presunu( od pr$rody uv >ov D s o1 #i #noh/ch 2ud$ v #noh/ch (vorov6 -o +i((0e Bi< v nie-o2-/ch6 & -eT s #o"re&#e T 0.ie v/hody prich'd" &% do %v hy. V.e(-y pr$0i. # 0 o1i6 0e !ude rovn -o #'0o v/hodn6 pre(o>e pod pr hov% eOp n"i ni1 nie &e vidieD. A- s sp/( (e po(o#6 u -(ore& sie(nice ve2-osD # Oi#'0ny pri#er n ro"si h0y v/-on !y !o0 dosi hnu(/6 (& # Oi#'0ny "d n0iv/ po2 v po#ere - sie(nici s%visi ce s ve2-osDou6 ( ->e !ude(e # D # Oi#'0nu hodno(u v/r "u
#usieD h2 d DK 1o #=>e(e n'&sD (ie # Oi#'0nu hodno(u od0$.enie "n'#e pr vid0o6 -(or &e n'# u> nie-o2-o-r'( s(re(0i ] e = G6S78G8 ... -de e &e "'-0 d po1e( prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov. A- s% n &v/hodne&.ie re0 ($vn ro".$renie sie(nice !y !o0o6 >e GS78. . Ti#es ich pr h. Po"ri#e s (er " s-%# D6 -/ vp0yv ve2-osD sie(nice 9 #' n "d n0iv ve2-os(i o!r'"-ov6 -(or sp d &% n neho. Ce 1 sD sie(nice6 -(or/ s (/- s%!oru. Po Ipo"ri vy..ieF pripr ven/ Prin"ip &e ve2-osD6 pod -(orou s o!r " "d' !yD ve2-os(i6 pod -(or/# s o!& v$ ce0' sie(nice6 0e (o s o!& v$ pod #no>s(vo# prih0'siD . T ->e "re&# ve2-osD sn$#-y !ude L prih0'siDsa re.pe-(6 (er " &e de0i(e2 (oh(o (er#$nu6 ve2-osD sie(nice .-od$ "d n0iv ve2-os(i o!r'"-ov6 -(or sp d &% n neho. O!r " o d ne& ve2-os(i6 -ry( po(o# &e #en.i po#er ( -6 !y v r'#ci ce0e& sie(nice 9 6 pod2 (oh(o po#eru6 1 s(i v"D hu 1 s(i6 -(or' (vor$ "d n0iv% ve2-osD o!r "u o "d n0iv ve2-os(i sie(nice s#eru&e. A0e "re&# ro"s h sie(nice r s(ie s%1 sne v po#ere pro(o-o0u 9 6 (/# & !so0%(nu ve2-osD v"D hu 1 s(i6 -(or' &e n o!r'"-u. To &e od=vodnen druhe& s(r ne v/hodou "v51.enie sie(nice pre "d n0iv ve2-os(i o!r'"-u.
Po o-o0nos($ s #=>e prev'>iD v/hodu 0e!o nev/hodu6 (ie> (u &e #ies(o n &v51.$ pr$nos6 -(or/ s "hodu&e s predch'd" &%ci#. ? Oi#u#6 (& ( #6 -de o!r " d ne& ve2-os(i n sie(nici s & v$ -o ve2-/ -o &e (o #o>n6 s !ude -on D op5D n sie(nici6 ro"s h 9 = e, v ur1eno# s-or.ie s0ov "#ys0e. A> (er " #'#e 0en eOp n"iu sie(nice v &edno(ne& rovn - nervy (esnosD s#e si #ys0e0i pre#en0iv. PoT#e s (er " nervy (esnosD r="nych sie(nice r="nych rovn -ou pr$ponou6 ( ->e &e "re&#6 po0e - "#ene v rovn -o# po#ere !y -o "#enou ro".$renie6 pre(o>e s'# &e ro".$renie sie(nice 0en v s%0 de s po1(o# -ruhov ci(0ivos(i vo svo&o# %1(e6 ( -6 >e dv -r'( hus(' sie(nice #' rovn -o ve2-/ "d n0iv/ "orn/ uho06 -o dv -r'( ( - ro"si h0e pr$p de nerovno#ernho hus(o(y. V.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e - D s('0e predpo-0 d'6 >e &edno(n/ nervy (esnosD sie(nice6 &eho s-u(o1n/ ro"s h6 ro".$renie &edno(-y6 n -(or prip d' o!r " &e "d n0iv' ve2-osD po2 !ude 0o<D 9 6 "d n0iv% ve2-osD o!r'"-u 0o< D 9 6 -(or/ &e #o>n "$s- D 0isov n$# sie(nice vi c pre "d n0iv% ve2-osD o!r "u6 -o "v/.en$# rovn -/6 pre(o>e D nie &e rovn -o vs(%pi do de0i(e2 v/r "u pre "d n0iv% ve2-osD o!r "u. V s-u(o1nos(i6 vid$#e (en(o !od dodr> n' # 0e& ve2-os(i sie(nice ve2-/# nervu (esnosD. ?ed"i(/#6 s #o"re&#e6 hus(o( nerv6 (& po1e( sch%0en/ n ve2-e& p0oche sie(nice prv- #i6 - s "novu do(-n%D6 s "v/.i0i i! n %-or &eho ro"s hu6 po(o# -de si - >d/ #=>e e.(e !sor!ov D #ene& sve(e0n 0%1e 0en6 -(or #usi "n$>iD in(en"i(u poci(u. ?i#ochodo#6 "v51.enie p0echov- D prispiev D 0en re0 ($vne #ene& "v/.iD "d n0iv% ve2-osD o!r "u6 T 0e& &e poh'U n/ pod ur1i(% hr nicu. Pre verL m L3ue0ed &eden D vo v"orci pre "d n0iv ro".$renie o!r "u6 ( ->e v/r " pre r s(%ce -(or/ pro(i pro(o-o0u D #i"ne vi c6 v51.$ D &e u>. 0o< m 6
Do(er " &edno(n' hus(o( nerv s predpo-0 d 0o. T -/6 0e nie &e n o" & !r D6 n .e (eErie " hgU ve2#i "v0'.(ne6 pre(o>e n podiv iden(ic- s vy! ven$# " pr$rody6 i#p0i-'ci A >e oso!i(n/ v/hodou #=>e !yD dosi hnu(/ (/#6 >e 1 sD sie(nice6 pri p d' o!r "6 ve2#i &e v po#ere - "os('v &%ci# nervy pevne " "0o#o- ce0-ovho po1(u -ruhov ci(0ivos(i6 -(or' po-r/v o!r "6 vy"n 1u&%ci s "vy.u&e6 !e" (oho !y s "#eni0 de0i(e2 vys-y(u&%ce s n ce0-ovo# po1(e -ruhov ci(0ivos(i 9 (/# s "n 1ne "v/.i0. V s-u(o1nos(i6 - &e D 6 prie#ern' hus(o( nerv6 ro"s h ce0e& sie(nice6 d nervov (esnosD ro"s h 1 s(i p0'.D o!r "u &e po(o# v.e(-y "re&# po0e 0o< D 9, vyp0/v ro".$renie o!r'"o- 0o< D K " 1oho vyp0/v 6 >e "& vn' eOp n"i o!r "u n d n/ch D pri #o po#erov d s "vy.u&e. Po(o#6 " ri denie6 o -(or #'#e 0en ve2#i # 0% ve2#i hus(% odv hu & sne vidieD
#ies(o (ie> " ove2 #ene& nervy hus(' v po#ere "os('v &%ce& sie(nici6 !y s dosi h0 1o n &v51.iu v/hodu6 "o!r "$ s n &v51.ie pri#er n/ v/-on "r -u. ke (o(o " ri denie nie0en " druhho " ri deni &e po(re!n n s( viD o1i s pohy!u&%6 1$# s dosi h0o e-viv 0en( ve2-/# "orn/# po2o# & sn. Pre(o n'. or<'n -on( -(u &e " 0o>en'K nervy n &hus(e&.i #ies( s% s('0e (u n &#5 n 3rei!e\e<0ichs(en 1 s($6 & "y- prs(ov pripo&en/ch. aeT s p/( 0i n o-o0nos(i %ni-u nervov/ch - ve2-os(i sie(nice T 0.$ch pod#ien- ch v r="nych (ried ch n "vier ('ch !y !yD vi c "n'#y -o v 1 se6 -eT v pr$p de6 >e !y # 0i po -on"u0('cii so "'s dou (e0eo0o<ic-ho6 !e" -(orho ni1 0i<n6 #o>no vi c de3ini($vne po(vrdenie (e&(o (eErie6 0e!o do-onc ur1i(/ch n'#ie(- ch pro(i ne#u v"ni- &% pre(o6 >e so# T 0e-o od ne& v s-u(o1nos(i6 s(r'viD rovn -/ pre !e"pe1n% &eden. Ce v (o#(o s#ere6 1o Ber<# nn GMF hovor$6 >e s oh2 do# n " veden/ eOperi#en(y @e!er n h# ( ;o!r "enieP XT - #y s dospe0o - "'veru6 >e ve2-osD o!r "u v o-u ro!$ si 0en do (e& #iery6 presn videnie &e (o #o>n6 pre(o>e (/# ro".$renie o!r "u n v51.$ po1e( &e spo&en/ nervov/#i " -on1eni #i L.6 A0e ( -(o s#e n op - o('"- 6 v "'vis0os(i od ro"s hu6 v -o# ro"0o>en$ nervov/ch " -on1en$ #=>u !yD uspori d n v o1i ch r="nych "vier ( ve2#i D >- n (E#ie sie(nice &e do(er " ne!o0i schopn$ vyrie.iD (%(o o('"-u6b6 0e &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e !/v 0/ rie.enie sve(0o n nie-(or "v0'.(nos(i videnie r="ne "vier (' !ud% #usieD .$riD. X
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For#'(6 -(or/ s v"D hu&e n o!r " #o>nho & sne vidieD o!&e-( n sie(nici (vor 6 "'vis$ &edn - od v"di 0enos(i "re(e2n v$"ie (vor 6 n druhe& s(r ne6 -o s v"di 0enosD od priese1n$- 0$ni$ poh2 de "o sie(nice6 po (re(ie6 o po0o#ere o- 6 v d=s0ed-u (oho n sie(nici " Predpo-0 d &#e (er "6 >e #'#e !y(os(i6 ur1u&e & sne vidieD " ove2 v51.e& v"di 0enos(i6 -o u 2ud$6 ( - !y #use0 !yD n vrhnu(/ v ich o1i chb Ce nesporn6 ( ->e # 0osD o!r "u6 1o &e v"h2 do# n ve2- v"di 0enos(i o!&e-(ov6 !ude -o#pen"ov n' in/#i pod#ien- #i. Bo s s( ne s (/#i(o po#er#i pod2 n'.ho (eErieb Po#er hus(o(y nervu v deu(0ichs( vidieD 1 s(i "vy.-u6 -o po0o#er6 ( ->e ve2-osD o- 6 !ud% #usieD "v51.iD ve2-osD sie(nice6 0e nie v po#ere s nech' r'sD6 pre(o>e v/hodn ro".$renie sie(nice6 !e" oh2 du n ve2-osD o-o &e ur1en'. V s-u(o1nos(i6 pon%- &% v('-y6 -(or$ # &% ve2#i T 0e-o vy"er D v ich odhod0 nie - 0e(u6 v prie#ere ve2#i ve2- o1i6 0e &e re0 ($vne # 0/ v"h2 do# ve2-os(i o1ne& sie(nice6 ne> cic vcov6 -o so# 1$( 0 v %s(ne vy& drenie od!orne sp=so!i0ou oso!ou. O po#erov nervove& (esnosD ni1 nevie#. 1 "... Mg**er CQ J(ysio* Lesic(tss /o N. 1TZ" na dr,(e strane, som si nas*ed, 7ce &y(*2senie\ "Ke_ sa or*y a s,py, sietnice e potrebn /*o.i+ ako , r'b rod, Dia a p<+c0pyc( (&ie/d & meridi2noc( D,*e , a na s,py na sietnici po &'&o trikr2t &y880 ako , ic( prirod/ene ,pra&en pr0pono, ". 1 t'c(to &t2ko&, tak.e sietnica by e8te /na-n7 &e)kos+: ktor by sa /mesti*i do n28(o &/orca, pokia) t2to &e)kos+ by bo*a &ypo-0tan2 s podstatn'm obsa(om &*2kniny na to,
aby asne &idie+ niektor &e)mi ner&y (,st ner&o&'c( /akon-en0. 1 ka.dom pr0pade &id0me, .e t, ne ak' o()ad na /a, 0ma&'c( &'sk,mn'c( anatomisc(erseits predsta&, e pre ktor ro/r,8i+ *en 7-e* predc(2d/a 7cic( po/oro&an0 by mo(*a by+. Ce nesporn6 >e s pri v/-one (e&(o (eErie s n s0edu&%ce pos%denieP Ve2-/ Ivie0"\ei<i<eF "#ys0ov -ruhy d' vyu>iD n vy(vorenie in(en"$vne poci(y o do&#y prid D do neho n in(en"$vny poci(6 0e nev/hod 6 >e od0i.n od se! &uO( ponier(e "o!r "enie n up0yn%D6 >e "d n0iv' ve2-osD o!r'"-ov &e "n$>en' v d=s0ed-u "n$>eni po1(u " nich v d no# pries(ore odh d ve2-os(i nie &e is(6 1i v s%vis0os(i s Vo0-# nnov -on.( n(y prero-ov n/ Prin"ip IVo0 ,6 s GMNF #' dH>-u vy"er D rovn -% ve2-osD 6 #=>e (o sp dn%D n s(r ne ved2 0e!o n &v"di 0ene&.ie 1 s(i dvoch "#ys0ov/ch -ruhov n ich -oncoch.
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; n s0edu&%cich .ies(ich sri$ (es(ov , > ,V6 (o n &#5 ro"hodnu(/ do-'" D6 >e "'-on @e!er nie &e " s > ( - po(vrdi0 pre T s(# A -o pre "#yse0 pre proporcie6 0e >e s(redn' chy! 0e!o chy! su# 6 " -(ore& !o0 vypr cov n/ v #en.ie po#ery v51.ie ne> nor#'0ne v"di 0enos(i do -o>e6 -de &e "$s- n/6 >e "os('v ( -#er -on.( n(n/ n d0h v"di 0enos(iKsrie V6 ve2#i ve2-/ s QZNN po"orov ni u- "u&%6 >e p5D prs(ov Ipredn -on1 (iny6 vo0'rne& s(r ne6 po"dH>n v"di 0enosDF s ne0$.i v #iere ro"die0u v ci(0ivos(i &e ve2#i6 u- "ov'-6 0e ro"hodo0 n &v51.iu ci(0ivosD #' v/s0edo-6 -(or/ s univer"'0ne p0i-ov D6 s #o"re&#e6 0e n prie- (o#u !y # 0o !yD uveden do in/ch 2ud$6 v r="nych sp=so!e pou>i(i r%- n pr'cu - >dodenn veci >ivo( !y #oh0i 1e0iD in -. R d V, pos-y(u&e # Oi#'0ny s(upeU ci(0ivos(i n ro"die0y6 "$s- 0 so# > do (er " s or<'n#i do(y-6 1o I- pi(o0 MZF !o0 hovoren/. O-re# (oho s% (ie(o po"$cie6 n &#5 V V,6 ur1u&e sp=so! prie#erne& chy!y v r="nych s#eroch nie1o "v0'.(ne vysve(0iD pr$-0 dy. Tu !ude oh0i dnu(ie !yD n 1o. Pop$s n v Th , - pi(o0'ch 86 n &#5 s 7GN6 Hovor$ s o #e(Edu prie#erne& chy!y6 -(or #usi !yD prid n po"n'#-y v (e& ,,6 - p. G8 pros(redn$c(vo# n 0/"y ch/! -on.( n(n' c #=>e !yD v(i hnu(/ do &eho "0o>ie-6 -(or v. - 3o0<ends pods( ( s s1$( &%. Po"orov ni s% vyro!en v r'#ci op (ren$ uveden/ch v - pi(o0e 8 v.eo!ecne6 pochopiD 1$s0 se# ( #. U (u uveden/ v.eo!ecn/ opis #e(Edy6 0e (o !ude nu(n prid D 3o0<ends ne& - T 0.iu dis-usiu. aon-r(ne op (reni v (/ch(o eOperi#en(och !o0i (ie(oP V #o&ich v0 s(n/ch eOperi#en(och s0edov 0 n=h -ruhy s v0o>-ou *5hn de0spi("en IdH>- nohy R Duod.Lp 0cov/ p r.F Bo0i v>dy pou>i(6 (o v -o#!in'cii s p0i-'ciou n s(on-y. A- (o#u ( - nie &e I -o v seri'0i ,V 1i s(o1ne V,F &e predov.e(-/# po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e p0i-'ci -ruhu !o0o vy-on n p r(ner 6 se03L p0i-'cie s -on 0 rovn -'. R d V, - pos%deniu %spe.nos(i o!och r="nych p0i- 1n/ch re>i#ov6 vr'( ne %1e0u. Po"orov nie n predne& -on1 (iny prs(ov ISeries ,,6 V6 V,F6 v>dy d D
#i -o#p s !od v Ge0en-3u<e #ed"i predn% pros(redn/ prs( -on1 (iny6 druh/ dopredu n predne& nohe. To !o0o6 -o v>dy6 s sn >$ ;u"iehun< !e" "r - od 1os-oro vyv$& s 6 !y (en spr'vny !od6 !e" (oho !y (o. V>dy !o0i odo #U - >d/ch 7N po"orov n$ " %p0ne rovn -/ch pod#ieno- Ipri " chov n$ rovn -ho nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i6 n (e& is(e& o!0 s(i -o>e -ruhu v rovn -o# 1 se pries(orove& po0ohyF " #es(n n/ch v !e"pros(redne& pos(upnos(iK o-re# r dy , vo vy& dreni ch n 1e0e6 -(orho -o> &e pr$0i. ci(0iv' (o0erov D ( - 1 s(o op -ov n/ &eden po druho# pou>i($ -o#p su u- "u&e n rovn -o# #ies(e v srii ,, n prs(6 -de #i("u<e"o<ene # 0 v"di 0enos(i R d v"h2 do# - !0$"-os(i -o#p s pou- "u&e n v"ni- s( vu s(i#u0 1n/ch u2 h1en n se! . CeL0i vi c6 ne> &e o!vy-0 v"di 0enos(i !o0i (es(ov n v rovn -o# ri d-u6 !o0i v>dy uspori d n " se!ou6 "#eni0 v r="nych dUoch s n v"os(upn "os(upn por die rovn -6 -o & v 1 sove& pries(orove& po0ohe >i dos(i o -o#p su ve2#i pr vide0n "#eny pod2 3r -ci$ m = 7N po"orov n 0e!o po dUoch s( 0o. aeT !o0 nor#'0ny -ruh s -on 0 v p0i-'cii s v2 vo6 "0/ch -ruhoch s v .e& pr ve& ru-e6 &e (o O "n #en' nepri #o s A, L pri nor#'0ne& -ruh prv/6 "0yh nie -ruh !o0 p0i-ov n/ "u"\ei(6 (o &e s A&6 n op - o"n 1i0 ,, 7F K ( ->e T 0e& 0en .(yri (i#eLsp ce 0o- 0i(y A" O 6 II O 6 I A 6 II A s% iden(i3i-ov (e2n6 0e v seri'0i so/ 0en "a O I A vs(%pi0 do pou>i(i . A- s o! -ruhy spo&en v rovn -% ru-'ch6 !y s po-usy s Uou6 n s(r ne druhe&6 s pou>$v n #ies(o ver"ie A O "'suv-y s horne& do0ne& 1 s(i ru-y6 v -(ore&6 T! ,,6 - p. ;o!r "iD Po"n'#-y G8. "#yse0 uveden do %v hy6 1o !y ` ? &e od0$.iD.
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*or#'0n v"di 0enosD &e v>dy s D o"n 1u&e6 &edno(- 6 v -(ore& s% v.e(-y 1$s0 vy& dren' v #o&ich eOperi#en(och6 7 po0ovic p r$>s-y De"i# 00inie ] N6SG P r$>i. Duode"i# 00inien6 s d . B$( nie chy!y s s( 0o n s(upnici s (r nsvers 0s o!s hu&%ce N67 d s%. Hodno(y #en.ie -o ('(o ve2-osD ne!o0 pri #o "$s- D6 & -eT pros(ried-y " #noh/ch po"orov n$ ( -/ch #=>e !yD s('0e s re0 ($vno# !e"pe1$. Fr -cion'cie pri v/po1(e " #es(n n/ch pod2 #U ri d-ov s v>dy vy-on'v n 7N po"orov n$6 -(or6 s v/ni#-ou r du I II !o0i pou>i(6 (ie> v>dy !e"pros(redne " se!ou prie#ern% s0e1ny v"di 0enos(i " - >d/ch 7N po"orov n$ n &#5 ur1$6 1is(/ chy!y -o ro"die0y &edno(0iv/ch ch/! v"di 0enos(i vypo1$( n " ich s(redne& hodno(y6 ( -ho (v ru6 vo 3r -ci'ch "$s- n/ch 1is(/ch ch/! 1i s(-y - ce0-ove& s "0%1i0i. Ter " m &e po1e( po"orov n$ - >dho &edno(0ivho 3r -cie6 o po1e( 3r -ci$ "n #en' " - >de& hodno(y &e odvoden/ v n s0edu&%cich ( !u2-'ch po-us mikr;no& 6 po1e( &edno(0iv/ch po"orov n$6 -(or prispe0iK pre s%1e( s(Hpcov v ( !u2-'ch6 0e mikr;no& n'so!en po1(o# hodn=( prid n' n o('"-u.Prie#ern' chy! s po(o# "$s- vyde0en$# s po1(o# prispiev &%cich ch/!. Predch'd" &%ci v/"n #ne ovp0yvnen' i! v0 s(n po"orov ni srie I I? II? *?
*I F. Vo0-# nn I III? I* F6 s% u in/ch -ruhoch6 1o "n #en'6 >e nie &e #o>n presne poved D6 !e" (oho !y ro"0i.ov D -on-r(ny 1 s pries(or u#ies(neni 6 1o ne!o0o "rovn #oc ( #6 s T 0.$#i "hrnu(ie pripo#ien-y6 ( -(ie> pou>i( in &edno(-y (u (o6 1o v d no# o"n'#en$ " r dov os( (n/ch. A!y !o0 " is(en/ spr'vny v/-0 d 1$se0n/ch %d &ov v ( !u2-'ch v - >do# pr$p de so# s vysve(0iD6 prv 1$s0o prvho s-%.o!nho s(o0 . V D ] 7R n'&de#e (u A" O 6 1$s0o MG6S6 " (i 2 1o n d s(o0o# m ] 7N6 o ] R &e6 >e &e v nor#'0ne& v"di 0enos(i D ] 7R po0ovic p r$>s-y De"i# 00inien6 v 1 sopries(orove& u#ies(nenieA" O !o0 pod2 m.m,. = RN po"orov n$6 (& o RN 1is(o &edine& chy!y6 1o &e chy! s%1e( ] MG6S po0ovic p r$>s-y De"i# 00inien "$s- D6 1o v/po1(o# " R 3r -ci$ m ] 7N &e odvoden/6 -(or' -o pre 7. chy! &e N6QRZ po0 p r$>s-y De"i# 00inien. Podo!n/# sp=so!o# v.e(-y os( (n 1$s0 v (e& is(e& ( !u2-e pod n dpisy s% A" O, A" A in(erpre(ov n. )e0-ov/ po1e( QQ6R pre A" O A" A n D ] 7R &e po(o#6 v "nen$ p0 (no# pre dvo&i(% po1(u po"orov n$6 s #o"re&#e6 s 7NN6 -(or' s !ude -on D RN. ro"de0iD n d D n &ednu po"orov n$6 (o & priM7 ` MN -edy v d=s0ed-u -one1nho m 6 (/# spr'vne &eden chce " chov D. aon.( n( chy! c &e v>dy uveden/ -o prie#er pre &ednho po"orov nie. Po1e( po"orov n$6 " -(or/ch &eden poch'd" (o6 (& ve2-os(i m, (o nie0en -o s # &% vp0yv n &e& ve2-os(i6 0e 0en n " !e"pe1enie &e& ur1eni . T #6 -de s% pripo#ien-y " #es(n n$ ZLn'so!n u#ies(nenie (i#eLsp ce6 -(or s% v.eo!ecne c "v n -on.( n(n% chy!u v/s0ovne uveden c7 cG cM cZ pri A" O II O A" A II A 0e!o I ? II ? I K II K To is( #=>e !yD po(o#6 -o W( ,,6 - p. G8 &e podro!ne&.ie vysve(0en v "'vis0' n n 1 sov nie "0o>-y p, &e v "'vis0os(i n pries(orove& po0ohy -o#ponen(ov B, &e ne"'vis0' n dvoch "0o>ie- s, -(or/ pr vdepodo!ne6 Th ,,6 a p.G8 d 0 p=vod6 n 0y"ov D6 s( noven$# c7]p^P^s cG="pEPEs cM]p"PEs cZ]LpLPEs " (oh(o p, B, N ur1$ prid n$# odpo1$( n$# (/ch(o rovn$c od se! 6 -(or v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i s n (o6 >e dve 0e!o rovn$c6 dvo&i(/ ur1enie p, P, s 6 ( -6 >e ov0'd cie prv-y s'#.T -(o "$s- n dve hodno(y s vy"n 1u&% (/#6 pripo&en/ pod indeOy 7 G ich "'s(upcov s% uveden !e" indeOu. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 do!r 0e!o "0 "'p su dvo&i(/ch hodn=( -o#ponen(y s%1 sne T 0.ie dve "'ru-y Ipo"ri Th ,,6 - p. G8F6 -(or' " "n #en'v n s0edu&%ce r dy I,,6 V6 V,F " !e"pe1iD s'# dos( (o1n% pr$0e>i(osD6 s% v.eo!ecne o!y1 &n dvo&i( hodno(y pre -o#ponen(y s, &e "vy1 &ne n &v51.i 6 s( noven in/#i "0o>- #i p 6 P 6 i! sp=so!o# uveden/#.
V pr$p de6 rovn -o -o v seri'0i I 6 o!y1 &n po"orov nie A" O A" A s% pr$(o#n6 s% i! rovnice c7]pEPEs cM]pLP^s pr$- "6 po(o# #=>e(e 0en -on.( n(n/ chy! "'vis0' n pries(orove& po0ohy -o#ponen(ov P 6 -(or' &e ne"'vis0' n p ^ s odpo&en$# !e" p ^ s odde0iD se! . Teore(ic-y A&6 s(r 7GR 7GS Hovori0 so# nie-o2-o opr'v6 -(or v 1is(e& ch/! s%1e( 0e!o v/s0edn s(rednodo!o# chy!y #=>u !yD n in.( 0ov n6 " -(or/ch n &d=0e>i(e&.ie &e v d=s0ed-u -one1nho m &e ITh. ,,6 - p. GS.F po -(oro# 0e!o ni s n'so!$. Pre(o>e so# !o0 (o6 -(or do(er " !o0i odvoden6 v/"n #n% -ore-ciu v n s0edu&%ce& p0i-'ciu nie-o2-o-r'(6 chce# prid D rovn -/ p=vod pod2 prvho dod (-u - (e&(o - pi(o0e. Pochopenie (oh(o odvodenie predpo-0 d' (rochu in($#ne "n'#osD s # (e# (ic-ou (eEriou ch/!. Be" -ore-cie6 !ude odvoden/ " 1is(/ch ch/! "n #en' chy!u s , po -ore-cii n -one1n/ m s 7 "n #en' ( -6 !y . O-re# (e&(o opr vy6 !y so# Th ,6 s 7GS e.(e dve6 -(or # &% !yD pripo&en " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($6 opr vy vy..ie6 -ore-ci v"h2 do# - ve2-os(i in(erv 0ov pre odh d -0 si3i-'cie6 -(or s% o!vy-0e " ned! (e2n6 druh/ " -(or/ch (u neprich'd" &% do %v hy6 pre(o>e >i dny odh d #ed"i2 h0/ch 1 s($ -on n/ch n s(upniciK Prv/6 0e nie nepri#er n/ v eOperi#en(och r du *I 6 !y "v'>i0 K pre(o>e chy! "n #en' In odde0enie * F6 nie ve2 v51.ie -o N67 d &e di !yD n &#en.$ in(erv 0 s(upnice. Tu d'v # (%(o opr vu sp5(ne6 dos( (o1ne -r'(-y n pr -(ic- %1e0y6 prid &(e Teore(ic-' vy..ie v druhe& pr$s d n . BuT nie &e opr ven' " d=vodu ve2-os(i in(erv 0u6 pre(o 3 0o.n6 chy! s%1e( neods(r'nen chy!y pros(ried-y K s% n &#en.ie od0i.n in(erv 0y -0 si3i-'cie ve2-os(i i 6 po(o# u#ies(ni(e opr ven 0e!o s-u(o1n% chy!u s%1e( N " nespr'vneho pod2 n s0edu&%ce& rovnice
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; (o6 >e #=>e(e do-onc "#er D6 -o T 0e-o pov hu po"orov nie %0ohy6 ro!$ (o & v$ -o nevyhnu(n6 !y s " po&i0i (/#(o sp=so!o# ve2#i &ednoduch -ore-cie. So# pr've v srii*I ho dos( 0. Vo ve2#i # 0o# -on.( n(n/# Feh0e#6 -(or s vys-y(u&% v r'#ci ni>.ie6 #=>e(e op -ov ne p/( D6 1i ich eOis(enci nespo1$v i! n nevyv'>en ud 0os($. Pre pos%denie (oho &e po(re!n h2 d D pr vdepodo!n chy!y -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 "is(iD6 1i &e pre-ro1en/ "n 1n/ch ro"#erov o ve2-os(i -on.( n(n/ chy!u s'#6 -(or/ ve2#i &ednoducho po#ocou n s0edu&%ceho pr vid0 n hodno(y c "odpoved &%ce hodno(y #=>e !yD vy-on n . *ech M ] m.m,. ce0-ov/ po1e( po"orov n$6 " -(orho c 6 (ed spo&en &e odvoden/6 -de m 6 -o o!vy-0e6 po1e( ch/! "0o#-u6 o &e po1e( 3r -ci$ do s podie2 06 -o pr vdepodo!n' chy! V n c . T ->e po1u0 v prve& srii po"orov n$ Ipri D = 7R6 A" O) pre s%1e( ch/! ] MG6R6 -on.( n(n/ chy!y p N689. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 c s% odvoden "o RN po"orov n$6 ( ->e &e M = RN6 ( # s% 7N pou>i(/ch pri odvod"ov n$ 3r -ci$6 po(o# m ] 7NK T 0e&
aon.( n(n' chy! c n p$s D6 ( ->e - pri-0 d'#e -o o!vy-0e6 pr vdepodo!n' chy! p( c ] ^ N689NN p N6N8NZ -(or' hovor$6 >e pr vdepodo!nosD &e rovn -' -o hodno(y N689 pre vi c >e #ene& ne> N6N8NZ v p0us 0e!o #$nus hodno( c &e od0i.n/6 -(or !y !o0i "$s- n pod2 ne-one1n/# po1(o# o!do!n/ch po"orov n$. A- !y (er " ne# 0 !yD v/r "ne vy..i 6 ne> &e ('(o pr vdepodo!n chy!y6 0e!o -o s #=>e(e vy& driD s #i -r'(-y -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 # 0 !y !yD !sor!ov n rovn -/# 0e!o ve2#i !0$"-o6 #oho0 !y s(e de3inov D6 1o s(e "is(i0i6 -o n -on.( n(n/ chy!u6 nie &e nepr vdepodo!n6 -o &ednoducho "o!r "iD v "'vis0os(i n nevyv'>en ud 0osD #i6 s% s -on.( n(nou chy!u >i dnu re 0i(uK 0e # 0 !y6 n pr$-0 d6 c !yD dv -r'( ( - ve2-/ -o V, ( ->e 8G !ude vs'd" D pro(i 786 # 0 !y !yD M -r'( ( - ve2-/6 ( ->e !y !o0o s( viD 9QLZ >e (o ne"'vis$ od n'hodyK e.(e vi c6 - s do-onc v51.$ po#er V Y!er\j<e. V n .ich pr$-0 doch6 -de c ] N689NN n'p dne 77 -r'( ( - ve2-' -o = V &e N6N8NZ6 pr vdepodo!nosD6 >e (o !ude "'visieD od n'hody6 %p0ne " ned! (e2n. Predch'd" &%ce v.eo!ecn pr vid0o ur1eni V " n s0edu&%cich d=vodovP pr vdepodo!n' chy! -on.( n(n/ chy!ov c prich'd" s pr vdepodo!nou chy!ou
s(redne& s0e1ny v"di 0enos(i I] nor#'0n dH>- ^ c F s%h0 s$ s (/#6 -o pr vdepodo!n' chy! &edne& ve2-os(i s ne"#en$6 - v's - (o#u pevne& ve2-os(i Inor#'0ny v"di 0enosDF &e prid n' 0e!o odpo1$( n' od #ys0eni . Pr vdepodo!n' chy! s(redne& hodno(y #=>e !yD "0e v"di 0enosD6 0e " odch/0o-6 " -(or/ch - >d/ &e nespr'vne v"di 0enos(i " rovn -e&6 (o "n #en'6 >e 1is(/ chy! s( novenK -(or !uT o!vy-0/# sp=so!o# od s%1(u .(vorcov odvoden s(redn' -v dr (ic-' chy! m pod2 v"orc 6 0e (ie> v/r "ne rovn -o p0 (n po#ocou &ednoduchho s%1(u ch/! odvoden &ednoduch s(redn' chy! 7 pod2 v"orc
#o>no vy-on D6 - P 7 po#ero# nor#'0ny I(eore(ic-y pod0o>en eOperi#en('0ne overen pod2 #U F
s% spo&en. 7 6 0e s "$s- s ce0-ov/# po1(o# po"orov n$ M & dU.ke ro"de0en' v d=s0ed-u -one1nho m . opr ven/ ( -6 !y s "$s- 0 uveden/ v"orec Dis-usi o (o#6 -o s vy..ie oso!i(n pr vid0' pr vdepodo!nos(i (/- &%ce s po#eru C > V s n ch'd" &%6 !y n's vied0o pr$0i. T 0e-oK (ie> n "'-0 de (oh(o ro"hodnu(i n "n'#ych princ$poch. A- #'(e pr vdepodo!n' chy! V n c 7 6 c G 6 c M 6 c Z n &#5 ur1$6 "odpoved &%ce hodno(y V ] V 7 6 V G , V M 6 V Z n'&den/6 &eden dos( ne 2 h-o & pr vdepodo!n% chy!u "0o>-y p 6 P, s, 1o 3 hor%ci. Rovn - &e (o6 -eT s (ie(o "0o>-y pod2 rovnice Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 "o v.e(-/ch .(yroch hodn=( c s% ur1en spo0o1ne nero"die0ne6 v. p0 ($ pre v.e(-y (ri . A- #'(e nie-(or/ " -o#ponen(ov -on.( n(n/ chy!y 0en dvoch hodn=( c, pre B. c 7 6 c G 6 0e!o c 7 6 c M ur1u&e6 ('(o "0o>- &e (ie> hodno( pr vdepodo!n chy!y 0en 0e!o USF
Tie> - >d' "0o>- -on.( n(n/ chy!y &edne& &e pod2 rovn -ho Prin"ip -o v.e(-y -on.( n(n chy!y #o>no pov >ov D " "'0e>i(osD p%he nevyv'>en neoh0'sen$ - s ich ve2-osD nie &e pr vdepodo!n' chy! 3 "n 1ne prevy.u&e.
A- #'(e hodno(y -on.( n(y ch/! c pre o oso!i(ne n vrhnu( "0o#-y v51.iu sriu po"orov n$6 -(or so# v seri'0i *I d'v &% pr$-0 dy6 ( ->e #=>e(e vynech D odch/0-y6 -(or s% o3r -cie hodno(y -on.( n(ne& chy!y "o s(redne& c s%1 snos(i6 -(or #=>e !yD ("v 6 "v'>i pou>iD (ie(o v ri n(y6 pod2 o!vy-0ho pr vid0 po#ocou s%1(u .(vorcov I hF6 0e!o pros(redn$c(vo# &ednoduchho s%1(u pr vdepodo!n' chy! c vypo1$( D !/v 0ho po#ocou v"orc
Ten po#ocou v"orc
-de o 6 po1e( 3r -ci$6 pre(o &edno(0iv hodno(y c &e. ?ed"i(/#6 pre(o vypo1$( pr vdepodo!n' chy! nie ce0-o# rovn -/ v/"n #6 s pod2 Ivy..ieF od d n' \esen(0ichs( s &e "'vis0' n d0h.$ch .(%di'ch ni-dy 2 h- ch/! 6 v ri'cie n -on.( n(n% chy!u. A& -eT (o &e re0ev n(n i! pre "'vis0 n v51.ie #en.ie nepr vide0n n'hodn vp0yvy is(o(y s( novenie -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 (o &e (ie> ro"hodu&%ce pre #ieru ohro#u&%ce -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 #=>e ho pre(o6 hoci o! sp=so!y s( noveni I" F #=>e -de -o0$s nie &e # 0/6 !0$"-o vyrovn niu6 0e " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($ (ie> #i#ori dne od0i.n v/s0ed-y6 -o pr$-0 dy v srii *I do-'" D. Ro"hodn%D6 1i v'h ni do.0o6 &e pre(o u>i(o1n porovn D dv sp=so!y ur1eni . T #6 -de nie &e ni1 "v0'.D v.i#o06 V T 0e& 0en v>dy " po Ivy..ieF d nho v"orc . Xe nepoc(ybn, .e 7p*ne -ist odde*enie c(ybo& &ari2ci0 na kon8tantn7 c(yb, & sk,to-nosti .iadnym frakcion2cie a nepatrne spraco&anie srie po/oro&an0 mo.n'c(, a trp0 s2m koncep-n'c( prob*mo&. 9*e ak sa &8etci &.dy na 0ma poro&n2&acie po/oro&anie & /*omkoc( ro&nake mierno, r'c(*os+o, & podobne sit,2cii, a &.dy /(f=a &'po-et pre ro&nak' m, -o &edie priebe.n diferenci2cia &arianto& kon8tantn' c(yby a -ist c(yby e &.dy ,.ito-n, a to nepatrne *ie-ba nefrakciono&an(o *ie-by, kde &arianty kon8tantn' c(yb, s c(ybo&'m mi6 nero/o/nate)n', st2*e &'(odne 8ie. *e!ude !e" po#oci6 & -eT so# s('0e pr vdepodo!n' chy! 1is(ho chy!ovho s%1(u (u v/s0edn s(redn chy!y #o>nosD .peci3i-ov D. ;$s- v s Respe-($ve 0e!o s
n'so!$ GF . Predpo-0 d &#e6 -o o!vy-0e6 m ] 7N6 po(o# ] N67Q77RK po -(oro# s po s(redne& pr vdepodo!nos(i - >dho 1is(ho s%1(u ch/! -o - >d/ 1is(/ pros(riedochy!y " 3r -cie m ] 7N pri (ep0o(e si 7 ` Q n ich ve2-osD s( noven' nespr'vne. *ie6 >e (o n o" & !ude -on D v - >de& 3r -ciiK 0e - #'(e ve2 3r -ci$ s m ] 7N6 #' pr'vo
n chy!y &e ( - 1 s(o6 -o &e uveden pod. A- chce(e pr vdepodo!n' chy! ce0-ove& chy!y s%1e( o 3r -cie s%# v rovn -o# m 6 !y ur1i0i6 -(or' " nich #' o "v/.iD "0o#o- 1i s(-y individu'0ne n n'#es($ 1erp D s%1e( (/ch(o .(vorcov -oreUove&6 (ie s 6 di
GF
K Ted 6 v pr$p de6 >e m ] 7N > n'so!$ N67Q77R.
s(ronE#. C hr! 3 78MZ. S. G9M
To !y e.(e v'# prid D #noho u>i(o1n/ch us( noveni o po#ere pr vdepodo!nos(i chy!y6 0e (o !y n's vied0o pr$0i. T 0e-o. I. 9!%hn!r. Ok1Ib!r :MNO P "2, :MNM;. Be0oP Dev5D prie1ne& v"di 0enos(i. Cedno(- 7 d . )e0-ov/ po1e( po"orov n$ 9NN6 dis(ri!uov n/ch do 7NN dn$ n 9 po"orov n$. V"di 0enos(i s% uveden v 3o0<ends dve s( noveni 6 -o D 6 pre(o>e "odpoved &% ro"p5(ie n'p0 s(i n -o>i -ruhu pri #o6 -o D ", pre(o>e "odpoved' s-u(o1ne& dH>-e rodi ce -o>e v (e&(o p0eD 0in-y (r se. aon-r(ne6 pre(o>e 1e0o &e #ierne " -riven/6 ( ->e dv & nie s% spo0u. Hodno(y pre - >d% " D D ! 6 -(or !ud% s( noven6 pr%>op pier 6 !o0 u#ies(nen/ n 1e0e6 -ruh v ro"s hu D o"n 1en !ody rovn -6 v"di 0enosD !o0 #er n' po p's !o0 ro"#ies(nenie !y(. Pre vi c ( -/ch us( noven$6 <en( od3o(i0. Hodno(y !o0iP D ] 7R GN GR MN MR ZN ZR RN QN
D !] 7R GN GR.M MN.R MQ Z7.R ZQ.9 RG.9 QR.S ; (i 2 1o pos0edn' v"di 0enosD D ] QN 0e!o D != QR6S ;$s- n hodno(y n s0edu&%cich ( !u0ie- #o>no opr'vnene neprih0i d rovn -% ve2-' odch/0- #=>e !yD (0 1en od se! ve2#i do!re6 >e -o#p s !ody (u6 pre(o>e ve2#i v/r "ne n s('v &%ce " -rivenie 1e0 ve2#i "0% " s hov D n -o>i ( -6 >e po"orov nie &e (u T 0.$6 rovn -o -o &edine1n/. Pre(o s% hodno(y "$s- n " (e&(o v"di 0enos(i s% v "'(vor-'ch v ( !u2-e6 nie udr> D vo v/-rese " ce0-ove& su#y6 ( -6 >e i! hodno(y n v"di 0enos(i > do D ] RN inc0usive ponu-y. Bo0 (o - >d/ deU s po1e( v"di 0enos(i od 9 Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 uveden/ v pods( (e spus(iD 0en r ". I m ] 7N6 o ] RF MF . D 7R GN GR MN MR ZN ZR RN IQNF
A" O MG.M ZM.Z ZQ.Q QG.N ZG.S ZS.7 Z9.G RN.M ISS.QF A" A M7.9 ZN.G RN.9 ZN.8 ZZ.Q Z7.R Z8.M Z8.7 ISM.GF S%1e( QZ.G 8M.Q 9S.R 7NG.8 8S.M 88.Q 9S.R 98.Z I7RN.8F c
7R
GN 76GN N6MQ
GR
MN
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A" O N69N A" A N677

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N69G N68R 767G 767Z
N6Q7 N6ZM IN6Z9F
N6GZ N6ZG N6GS L N.7N N67N N6GN IN67SF
v-0 d' s " opr venho ( !u2-yP Po-i 2 ide o i G7S 3 o"n'#en.
Ceden vid$ od D ] 7R do D = GR6 - v/r "n#u n'r s(u chy!u s%1(u s D 6 -(or/ do-onc so/ O v"i D s'# do D ] MN ve2#i presne %#ern D vorschrei(e(6 0e " (o >i dny v/"n #n/ r s( vi c6 0e i! ne"rovn 0os($ #oh0 !yD e.(e 1i s(o1ne -o#pen"ov n/ T 0.o# po-r 1ov n$ po"orov nie. A- &eden ur1u&e ch/! "n #en'6 -o &e prie#er pre po"orov nie n Q. v"di 0enos(i D ] GR do D = RN6 v -(oro# vidi(e2n/ s('0osD Ipre I O I A dohro# dyF &e uveden6 -(o n'&de
= N69G7 d, 7 ] N69RG d
('(o hodno( 7 &e ] D s D = 7R
ZF Po"ri
pri D ] RN
ZF .
Po-i 2 ide o i G78
aon.( n( chy! &e po"i($vny6 > n &ednu v/ni#-u v.e(-/ch v"di 0enos($ v o!och po0oh'chK 0e6 -o vid$#e6 v po0ohe I A Iver"i nor#'0neho -ruhu n pr ve& ru-eF &e #en.i 6 v. de6 -o v si(u'cii A" O Iv "nen$ nes-or.$ch predpisov v2 voF6 -(or/ &e pr$-0 do# nonL" ned! (e2n/ vp0yv6 v "nen$ nes-or.$ch predpisov6 -o#p sK Av. -6 >i dn "'-onn' 3un-ci -on.( n(n/ch ch/! ve2-os(i v"di 0enos(i "n (e2n. Pre -o#ponen(y P p ^ s -on.( n(nou chy!y "$s- n v prie#ere pre v.e(-y v"di 0enos(i v nepr$(o#nos(i D ] QN P ] N6MSGK p ^ y ] N6RGS RF . Do-onc & s-=r I78RQ 78RSF , # &% podo!n% sriu eOperi#en(ov n 1e0e vyro!en s podo!n/#i v/s0ed- #i6 -(or so# prech'd" D6 pre(o>e !o0i vyro!en " us den/ch vn%(ri -ruhov #ene& s( ros(0iv prevenciu podr'>deni -o>e 1e0 .
RF
Po"ri Po-i 2 ide o i G78 II 9!%hn!r >"an6+rP/ar%o/ :MNQ;.
e v/ u- "ov'-. Predn -on1 (iny6 vo0'rne& povrch6 dve po"dH>ne v"di 0enos(i D ] R d D ] 7N d . )e0-o# ZNN po"orov n$ n GN po"orov c$ch dn$. m = 7N6 ] R D A" ? II ? A" O II K Rd S.G8 8.RG S.78 8.78 7N d Q.7Z 9.NG 8.RN 8.MN Rd NNNN C 7N d L N6GZN
L N.GMN L NG9Q ^ N6NRZ L N.GSG L N.G9G L N6ZZZ
S%1e(
M7.7Q
M7.9Q
Tu &e chy! s%1e( V/s( vy ( -#er !e"o "#eny6 s dvo&n'so!nou v"di 0enosD6 76 v prie#ere v.e(-/ch #er n$ N67QM d . V/po1e( "0o>ie- -on.( n(n/ chy!y &e n s0edu&%ce v/s0ed-yP D p P s s7 sG R ^ N.7ZQ ^ N.NNG L N77S L N.7ZQ L N6N88 7N ^ N.NRS L N6NZR L N6M7M L N6MZG L NG8Z
3 N6NN9QM N6NN99Z Ceden vid$ (u "0o>- e po"oruhodn ve2-os(i n D = 7N d 6 -o !0$"-o provo-u&%ce dvo&i(e& hodno(y6 -o !y s d 0o o1 -'v D v re0 ($vne # 0o# po1(e po"orov n$6 " (i 2 1o v D = bd >i dny "v0'.(ny -ore.pondencie #ed"i s 7 s G6 vo !so0%(ne& hodno(y &e v. - s('0e "n 1n' ve2-osD -on"is(enci "n #eni s 7 s G 6 -o s% # 0 ve2-os(i vypo1$( n/ pod2 pr vidie0 pr vdepodo!n chy!y N6NN99Z preu-'>e6 >e do.0o - chy!e6 0e (u to n o" & ( #. ,! chy! P v D = R #=>e nie-edy !yD T 0e& vysve(0iD nepredv$d (e2n. III. *o,k/ann >a&r$, :MNO;. S(redn/ prs(. Predn -on1 (iny6 vo0'rne& s(r ne6 .(yri po"dH>ne v"di 0enos(i. Cedno(7 ##. Be" oh2 du n (o "v0'.(ny 1 s pries(or u#ies(neni . GQZ po"orov n$. m = MM , o ] G D C 7 G Z 9.7M N7ZN Q 7G.SN N79Z 8 7G.7M NG7Q Q.Q8 N7NG
^ N6NZR ^ N67M7 ^ N.N7G L N6N78
R s( 0e!o 7 s v"di 0enosDou !o0 o (o2-o v51.$ -o & v srii II 6 0e (ie> nie &e "T 0e- %#ern D. I* *o,k/ann >"an6+r a (!br6+r :MNM;. e v/ " dn/6 .(yri prie1ne v"di 0enos(i. Cedno(- 7 p r$>s-y ri do-. Ap0i-'cie -ruhu "o s(r ny p r(ner !e" oh2 du n oso!i(n 1 sovo pries(orovo u#ies(nenie. Z8N po"orov n$. m ] GN6 o ] Q
D C 7
Q ^ N6ZR NRQ9
7G QN.8 NR7R
78 8Q.8 NSMR
GZ 8M.7 ^ N6M7 NSNZ
QS.G
^ N6ZS ^ N6MS
*. 9!%hn!r >nov!/b!r :MNOPa&r$, :MNM;. P5D prs(ov n 2 ve& ru-e. Predn -on1 (iny6 vo0'rne& s(r ne6 n - >do# prs(e &eden po"dH>n v"di 0enosD ] 7N d . V ce0-o# QZNN po"orov n$6 -(or s% ro"0o>en n QZ po"orov c$ch dn$ 7NN pripo#ieno-. * - >d/ deU ce" v.e(-/ch R prs(ov v dvoch 1 sopries(orov/ch 0is(ov s GN po"orov n$ I7N n #ies(eF. To "n #en'6 >e 3o0<ends D p 0ec Z u- "ov'- 6 M pros(redn/ prs(6 G Go0d3in<er6 K # 0$1e-. T2to sria sa na ro&nak'c( p<+ prsto& & s7&is*osti s -0s*om pod)a met;dy ek&i&a*ento&, tak, .e met;da priemerne c(yby a /meni* ek&i&a*enty po d&oc( d=oc(. T, s7 &'s*edky (o* -e*e met;do, priemerne c(yby: preto.e by to bo*o pr0*i8 &e)a pre tera/, /&2.i+ in' sp5sob.
m ] 7N6 o ] MG D = 7N d D Z QS.RZ QR.MZ RZ.Q8 QZ.RZ GRG67N M QS.MQ SM.RZ Q8.NM QM.MZ GSG.GS G S8.8N Q9.7Z Q8.ZN SN.GQ G8Q6QN K SZ.9Z SR.NN S7.ZN S7.9G G9M6GQ A" ? SS.9G II ? 8N.SN A" K Q8.RQ II K SQ.NN S%1e( MNM678
A" ? L N6NRRS L N6N88G L N6NNSR ^ N6NQGR L N6NZM8 C II ? L N67SNN L N6N9RM L N6GNQQ L N6GSQQ L N6GR8G A" K L N6GQ97 L N6M9RN L N6GGGG L N67QZ7 L N6GZMG II K L N6MSNN L N6MM7N L N6MSS9 L N6M87Q L N6ZMNM 7 p P s s7 N6GZZ8 N6GNMR N6G798 N6GM7M N6GMQS ^ N6NRM8 L N6N7ZG ^ N6N88S ^ N67M9G ^ N67NNG ^ N67NMZ ^ N67MRQ ^ N6N9QR ^ N6N8G9 ^ N6N9G9 L N6G7QG L N6GGSZ L N6GNMQ L N67899 L N6GZM9 L N6G7G8 L N6GN9Q L N679GS L N6GGNZ L N6GRN8
sG
L N6G79Q L N6GZRG L N6G7ZZ L N67R9Q L N6GMSN
3 N6NNRS9 N6NNR7Z N6NNRGN N6NNRZ8 N6NNRQN Po(o#6 -eT n &#en.$ GRG67N u- "ov'- &e n &v51.i chy! s%1e( MNM678 p 0ce6 n #ies(o (oho6 >e u- "u&e n &v51.$ ro"die0 v ci(0ivos(i #ed"i pi (i#i prs( #i. c1e( -one1nho m opr ven "n #en'6 >e chy! 7 &e prie#er v.e(-/ch R prs(ov n v.e(-/ch vrs(v'ch ] N6GGSG d ] 7 e ZZ D. -on.( n( chy! c &e ne< ($vny6 > n &ednu v/ni#-u v.e(-/ch prs(ov vo v.e(-/ch po0oh'ch6 1o ve2-' "'pornou po0o>-ou s "'vis0/6 " (i 2 1o p, P 6 s% po"i($vne6 s v/ni#-ou p v Z 6 s v/ni#-ou (oho6 >e &e o (o vi c " r'> &%ce6 pre(o>e v srii II *I s neus-u(o1n$ " podo!n/ch eOperi#en('0nych pod#ieno- n u- "ov'-u. aeT s Z G hodno(y dvo&i(ho h0 sov ni N nie &e n &0ep.$6 os( (n (ri prs(y6 0e ve2#i do!r'.Pr vdepodo!n' chy! 3 " p, P, s 6 &e v. de pr$0i. # 06 !y s pov >ov D " rovn - " 0o>en/ n n'hode. V prie#ere " - >d/ p5D prs(ov #' &eden p = N6NSMR ^ P ] N67NGM ^ s ] L N6G7QN po -(oro# s v/s0edo- -on.( n(n/ chy!u v pros(ried-och pre v.e(-y #er ni n v.e(-/ch R prs(ov6 &e (o. aeT so# s pou>iD nor#'0ny -ruh #' ro"p5(ie -r$de0 7N d prv/6 "0yh nie -ruh pou>i(' "u"\ei(6 -0eso0 v d=s0ed-u (oh(o vp0yvu n 1 sov nie ?iss di 2-u ^ N6NSMR d pr$0i. ve2-6 0e!o i# !o0 n #ies(o nor#'0ny v"di 0enosD 7N6 s0e1n v"di 0enosD 7N6NSMR n'&den/ch. aeT !o0 nor#'0ny -ruh pou>i(' "u"\ei(6 s0e1n v"di 0enosD -0es0 > o pr$0i. n$"-y6 0e!o i# !o0o #ies(o 7N dos( D 969GQR6 1o &e v so0id ri(e s predch'd" &%ci#i v/s0ed- #i. aeT s spr'v 0 nor#'0ne -ruh s do0ne& 1 s(i -ruhu "0yh nie s hornou 1 sDou ru-y IviT - p. G8F6 ?iss v"di 0enosD -0eso0 n N67NGM " pr$0i. ve2-6 v op 1no# pr$p de pr$0i. n$"-e. O-re# (oh(o vp0yvu 1 sovho pries(orovho u#ies(neni 6 s0e1n v"di 0enosD sp do0 " #ysu. GS. Uveden/# d=vodo# pr$0i. n$"- n o-o0o N6G7QN. Tie(o (ri 3 -(ory -o#!inov D di($vnu 0e!o su!(r -(ivn$6 v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i s% v rovn -o# s#ere 0e!o v op 1n/ch s#eroch. V.e(ci (r & s% v rovn -o# "#ys0e6 v II K 6 (ed "odpoved &%ce hodno(y c v prie#ere n &v51.ie6 " (i 2 1o v I. ? "'v >n/ch ch/! e spo0o1n/# opo"$cie p P &e n &v51.$ posun6 ( ->e (u (ie n &#en.ie hodno(y c . Uveden/ v/po1e( 1is(/ch ch/! s%# &e 3r -cion'cie o!vy-0e pou>$v &% #nou n m pod ] 7N. Pre "o!r "enie6 0e vp0yv6 -(or/ po Th A&6 s(r 7GZ6 vi c 1i #ene& ri den/ 3r -cion'cie #' n ve2-os(i 1is(ho s%1(u ch/!6 predch'd" &%ce po"orov nie sri &e - dispo"$cii & n pou>i(ie m = 7QN6 -one1ne %p0ne ne3r -cionov n/ pre
- >d% prs(y - >d' vrs(v 6 (& od m ] MGN !o0 vypo1$( n'. Pre v.e(-y Z vrs(vy "#0uvne v/s0edo- v"ni-' s pred(/# "$s- nho n s0edovne. . D m = 7N6 o ] 7G8 MNM678 m ] 7QN6 o ] 8 MRN6QZ m = MGN6 o = Z MRZ6SQ Z GRG67N G8R697 G97679 M G K S%1e(
GSG.GS G8Q6QN G9M6GQ 7ZNS6Z7 M7R6R7 MMS6MZ MMQ688 7QGQ6G9 MGN6GZ MZR6MZ MZ96GR 7QQN6S8
Vid$#e (u !e" v/ni#-y ve2-osD s ve2-osDou pou>i(ho m r s(. Ap0i-ov n/ # -ore-ci v d=s0ed-u -one1nho m vyn'so!en$# hodn=( s 0en "dvihne s0 !.i 1 sD (oh(o r s(u6 -(or preu-'" (e2ne predov.e(-/# vT rovn - n "#enu -on.( n(ne& chy!y v prie!ehu d0hho r du eOperi#en(ov6 -(or pri n'r "e #noho r="nych do!'ch "$s- n/ch pripo#ien-y 1 sD v/s0edne& ro".$ren odvoden s%1e( ch/!6 pre(o pre3erencie6 -(or so# d D #en.ie s-upiny po"orov n$6 -(or s% "$s- n v s%vis0os(i -ore-ciou v d=s0ed-u -one1nho m pod2 po(re!y6 !y s v se!e vi c de-v'(ne -o 1is( chy!ovho s%1(u podivn/ n'r s( &e e0i#inov n/. * o" & !o0 v ri'cie n -on.( n(n% chy!u ce" s du po"orov nie6 vyp0/v " ni>.ie n s0edu&%ce ci('cie pre dvoch vy"n 1u&e v 1 se6 -eT h0 vn/ 3r -ci$ po"orov cie r du. V Th 06 s G7M so# si o!1 s v.i#o06 >e po vyn'so!en$ dvo&n'so!n/ po1e( ch/! s%1(u .(vorcov I hF s druhou #ocninou chy!ovho s%1(u I F G de0en6 pri!0i>n/ po1e( +udo03[sche "$s- D &e (o6 >e pri!0i>n/ po1e( P hor%ce6 ( -6 >e &eden &e
- m LhH!- v s%1(e po1(u ch/! Ipri o = 7F. * . sri #=>e s0%>iD -o pr$-0 d. Pri"n'# s pre p 0ec pou>i(ie m = 7QN6 o ] 7 I -o so# "die2 0 MGN ?no>s(vo -onc ce0-ov/ po1e( po"orov n$ pre - >d% vrs(vu do dvoch s-up$n v "'vis0os(i n 1 se6 pre - >d% &edno(0iv% I hF is(F hodno(y I hF s vypo1$( " (oho pod2 vy..ie uvedenho v"orc Pv n s0edu&%ce& ( !u2-e. m = 7QN6 o = 7 I hF A" ?. 7Fr -cion'cie ZM.9S GL II ? . 7 L GL ZG.7Q ZG.97 ZQ.GM 78.SR 7Q.RG 7S.RQ G7.8S P M7NM G9SZ MNRG MGSR
A" K . 7 L GL II K . 7 L GL
Z9.GZ ZN.8Q Z8.G8 MQ699
GR.Z8 7S.QG G7.7Z 7R.77
MMQM MMSS G9NG MRMZ
S%1e( MRN6QZ 7RZ6NR GR6R8N Prie#er " =s#ich P Lhodn=( &e M6798. ;odpoved &%ce Vypo1$( n prie#ern hodno(y v.e(-/ch pi (ich prs(ov !o0iP D Z G M K M798K M678MK M6NSGK M7ZZK M7ZR )e0-ov/ prie#er (/ch(o R prie#erov6 ( - pre1o v ce0e& ZN hodn=( P 6 prispe0i - >d/ ur1$ "o 7QN po"orov n$ &e M7Z8 1o nor#'0ne hodno(y ] M67ZG %p0ne s%h0 s$ s (/#6 !y pos0edn/6 neis( " o-r%h0enie6 des (inn #ies(o. ; (oho &e 2 h-o -on.( n(n/ po#er
odvodiD6 -(or (eEri ,6 s 7GM hovori0o. f 0e&6 v.i#o0 so# si nie-edy6 >e &eden pri!0$>iD "'-0 dn po1e( pr$rodno# povrchu 0o< ri(#ov e 6 "$s- n pri s%1e( ch/! so s%1(o# ch/!6 >e s(redn' -v dr (ic-' chy! pre-ro1iD vo ve2-os(i ro"de0en/ po#er v"r s(ie n n'#es($. To6 pod2 T 0e& -o &e uveden vy..ie6 To( 0#i(L(e2 " P " ZN P r(i 0\er(en I o ] 7QNF vypo1$( )e0-ov/ peU >n/ !o0o n'&den/ch GSNS n #ies(o !e>ne& hodno(y e ] G6S78. A& -eT si ne#ys0$#6 >e (ie(o podivn po#ery !y u> !o0o v/s0ovne uveden6 #=>u !yD6 0e s nie-(or/#i T 0.$#i " u&$# v/#i v"D hy 2 h-o po#ocou # (e# (ic-e& (eErie ch/!6 -(or s v"D hu&% n pr vdepodo!nos(i chy!y "n'#y v/r "6 -de e o!dr> 06 odvodiD6 1o n 6 v (e&(o (eErii "!eh0/ >i dne "v0'.(ne prevedenie ne#us$ !yD n'hodou nie-de inde s( noven pod2 #U T 0.ie eOperi#en('0ne d=- "y. ; d n/ pod#ien-y 6 e s% v/hr dne pre ne-one1n #no>s(vo " porovn (e2n/ch o-o0nos($ vyhr 0 chy!y 0$.i s op -ov n s( novenie -one1nho po1(u6 -o s dos( D " vy..ie uveden/ch pr$-0 dov s 8 ur1eni #i P #o>no presved1iD n !e>n/ po#er6 -o0$s nie ( - T 0.ie 0i#i(y #ies(o &e6 (/# #en.i m &e. ,! pre ve2#i # 0 hodno(y m s n ch'd" upros(red #noh/ch us( noven$6 v/"n #n odch/0-y od nor#'0nych hodn=(6 " -(or/ch s neve0i-os(i m r s(ie6 n ne& -o# ve2-o# m &e #i"ivo # 0'.T'(o odch/0- #=>e !yD v d=s0ed-u -one1ne& po -ore-cii ch/! s%1(u .(vorcov .(vorc ch/! s%1(u m ur1en v.eo!ecn/# v/r "o#K n 1o " -one1nho po1(u m odvoden/ P nor#'0ne
#ies(o ] &e (o6 1o6 n pr$-0 d6 pre m = 7N d'v p = M6N7QQ. QF Bo s (/- opr'v (e&(o s(r'n-e G78. Po"ri (ie> Po<<endor33 &e. Ann. Cu!i0e&n/ - pe0 . Pp. QQ 33 V prie!ehu d0he& vi c #es 1n/ r du po"orov n$ -o v ri !i0n/ -on.( n(n/ chy!y pos(upne "ni>ov n. A- !y s#e ro"de0iD n ce0/ r d do dvoch h0 vn/ch s-up$n pod2 1 su I- >d/ " MG po"orov c$ch dn$F6 "$s- #e v Su#e pre v.e(-y Z vrs(vyP
QF
I m ] 7QN6 o = ZF. D Z M G K S%1e( Prv/ 7RZ69Z 7MZ6RQ 7RN67G 7R96GQ 7Q76G8 SQN67Q 3r -cion'cie GL 7Z86GZ 77S6RZ 7GG67R 7GS6MZ 7M7698 QZS6GR Po#er 76N7R 7779 7GG9 76GRM 779Z 77SR )e0-ovo (ed 1is(/ chy! s%1e( 7 # 0 . G. 3r -ci "n$>i0 SQN67QLQZS6GRK 1o 1$s0 # &% po#er 767SR. O-re# (oho6 >e "0o>-y -on.( n(n/ ch/! v po0ovici v.e(-/ch R prs(ov s% n s0edovnP Prv/ Druh/ 3r -cion'cie 3r -cion'cie p P ^ N67NNQ ^ N67GQN ^ N6NZQR ^ N6NS8R
s ^ N6GG87 ^ N679ZG )hy! p pries(orov chy!y P !o0 ( - od prve& - druhe& 3r -cii ve2#i "n 1n6 chy! s 6 0e v/r "ne po-0eso0. T -'(o "#en ne-on 06 0e (er " 0en prve& do druhe& h0 vne& s-upiny6 0e v r'#ci - >de& h0 vne& s-upiny6 s%hrn po"orov n$ is( m = 7QN "vy.u&e chy!ov pre#enn. Asi 7 hodinu nepre(r>i( po"orov nie - >d/ deU !o0i s(ried vo v dUoch prs(ov v por d$ D . Z . M . G . K . 6 pre&sD v op 1no# por d$6 " -(or/ch !/v 0/ s 6 druh/ s &e o"n 1en/. V po"ornosD !o0 n p 0ec n &1ers(ve&.ie6 n &vi c un ven/ po1 s # 0$1-uK v (o !o0o n op -. ;d 0o s 6 >e v "'u&#e6 !y vy.e(ri0 " (oho vyp0/v &%ce vp0yv6 -(or/6 -o #=>e(e vidieD " n s0edu&%cich prv-ov6 nie &e ve2-/6 0e &e vidieD. ?'# (o v Su#e pre v.e(-y Z vrs(vyP
I m = 7N6 o = QZF D Z M G K 7Z86RQ 7G86GN 7MQ6GG 7RG6GZ 7R76MG
7RZ.QG 7GM69N 7MQ6NR 7MZ6MQ 7Z769Z S r s(%cou pr Oou s pos(upne s-r'(en'6 (o > do ur1i(ho 0i#i(u6 v 1 se po"orov ni 6 -(or !o0o po(re!n pre 7NN (es(ov n - >d/ deUK Do (e& do!y6 prich'd" pos(upne6 !y s ro"hodnu(ie v - >do# eOperi#en(e r/ch0e&.ie6 ne> s p=vodne. ?i(3Yhr(e 0e v51.iu r/ch0osD nie &e v51.i nepresnosD v odh de &e preu-'" n s-u(o1nosDou6 >e s-=r op 1ne6 v prie!ehu srie po"orov n$6 chy!ov 1i s(-y po"ri "n$>en'. A0e -eT (o porovn'# chy!ov su#y dn$ s n &vy..ou n &ni>.ou s-%.o!n o!do!ie od rovn -ho s-%.o!nho o!do!i 6 so# n'&sD >i dny ro"die0 #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# s &edn'. *ie-(or dni ne#=>e vyrovn D s op -ov n/#i p0i-'ci #i -ruhu si6 ne> s ro"hodne(e6 ino-edy s(e uro!i0 ove2 r/ch0e&.ie s prie#ern/#i ro"hodnu(ieK 0e n &po# 0.$ ro"hodnu(i nie s% v>dy n &0ep.ie. Tu s% nie-(or T 0.ie %d &e o (/ch(o po#eroch. ;is(i0 so#6 (rv ni eOperi#en(u nie &e od " 1i (-u po"orov ni v srii6 -(or' (rv 0 od G7 nove#!r 78RS - Q. pr$0 78R8 e.(e nes-=r n v.e(-y dni6 0e n MG r="nych dUoch od & nu'r M n K prie#ero# QM6Q #in n'&den/ch. A0e -eT so# s pode0iD po"orov c$ r d M.& nu'r so s(r (ou do Z rovn -/ch %se-ov po GZ dUoch6 s n s0edu&%ce prie#ern po"orov cie do!y !o0i n'&den v (/ch(o - (e<Eri'chP 7 priehr d- . S768 #in Iprie#er Z s( novenieF GLQS6M LLL 8 LF MLQN6Z LLL 7N LF ZLQN6R LLL 7N LF po -(oro# po-ro- "n$>enie od " 1i (-u do !o0 "n 1n/6 nes-=r " s( vi0. Do! po"orov ni #eni0 nie-edy RM > SQ #in%( . Ter " so# "is(i06 >e vy0%1enie "o s-or.ieho o!do!i 6 -de s% v.e(-y 1 sy po"orov ni s% po#erne ve2- SF 6 " pos0ednho o!do!i od 7S. 3e!ru'r do Q. pr$0 6 -de h0 vn ved2 &.ie 1 sy s #eni nepr vide0ne6 chy!ov 1i s(-y " dn$ s R n &#en.$ch s-%.o!ne& do!y (rv ni IRM6 8Z6 RR6 RQ6 R8 #inF6 s R n &v51.$ch s-%.o!ne& do!y (rv ni IQZ6 QZ6 QR6 QQ6 Q8 #inF6 spo0uK "$s- 0 od !/v 0ho vo Su#e pre v.e(-y prs(y v.e(-/ch vrs(v'ch Is m = 7N6 o = RNF ] 7NN96Z6 99R6Q " druhe&6 -(or s 0$.i 0en ve2#i " ned! (e2n/.
SF
Tie(o po"orov ni s nes-=r porovn D !y ne!o0o povo0en6 pre(o>e d D #en.ie #no>s(vo nes-=r vT - po-ro1i0e& cvi1eni . *I. 9!%hn!r >ok1Ib!r :MNM a4 "an6+r :MNQ;. e v/ u- "ov'-. Predn -on1 (iny6 vo0'rne& s(r ne6 &edn po"dH>n v"di 0enosD ] 7N d . V ce0-o# 7GNN (es(ov n ZN (es(ov c$ch dn$6 po MN po"orov n$.
Tie(o eOperi#en(y podie0 po"rieD n (ri6 " -(or/ch - >d' o!s hu&e ZNN po"orov n$6 odde0enie pod2 sp=so!u pod ni -ruhu. F Ap0i-'ci -ruhu n #o&o# prs(e "o s(r ny p r(ner . Po"orov (e2 sis(en( sedieD opro(i se!e6 sis(en( podporu&e r #eno6 -(or' p0 (i0 -ruhu (esne&.$ ro"po1(u6 pre(o>e n s(o0e.
F oso! s #os( (ne "'ro!-ovo p0i-'cie -ruhu s pr vou ru-ou n 2 vo# u- "ov'-u. F -ruh vo "vis0e& po0ohe6 upnu(' - se!e v s-ru(-ov svor-y prs( s pohy!u&e od &ednho - druh#u. O!e -ru>nice v"di 0enos(i s% !0$"-o pri se!e6 v"'&o#ne rovno!e>n6 -o0# n 1e0n% p0ochu (e0es 9# uspori d n ( -(oP
b.D .. C LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL B -de a, b 6 vrcho0y 6 c 6 d preds( vu&% (ie druh -ruhu6 (o Ipo nie-o2-/ch dUoch s #eni ceF nor#'0ne v"di 0enosD po pr ve& I A F6 ndere# 0 v2 vo I O pri& ('F ;'0e>i(os(i (/- &%ce s pries(orove& po0ohy (u6 v. -6 v ) ) pries(orov po0ohy I K ? F ide do horne& do0ne& ver"ii -ruhu. a >d/ deU6 M s dy po 7N s-%.o!n/ch #er n$ " se!ou respe-($ve pre , , n & 0 eO(ern% d=vodov v>dy n prvo# #ies(e6 " (i 2 1o , s(ried 0 s druh/# (reDo# #ies(e. Vrs(vy s% o"n 1en 1$s0 #i v hr n (/ch "'(vor-'ch ( -(oP I7F IGF IMF IZF n A" ? v .... A" O II ? II O IK A" A II K II A
m ] 7N6 o ] 7N I7F Su## C 79.78 7G.QQ 7N.SN ZG.RZ L N67NS L N67S8 L NMMN p P IGF 7Q.QZ 7Z.NN 7G.RZ ZM.78 N6N9Q L NMQQ L N6MNQ s IMF 7R.Q8 7M.N8 77.RN ZN.GQ L N6N8Q L NGQQ L N67NG s7 IZF 79.7G 7G.SZ 7G.QR ZZ.R7 N67RZ L N6ZGG L N6G7Q sG 3 Su## SN.QG RG.Z8 ZS.M9 7SN6Z9
L N777 N6N8Q N6NGM
L N.NGN N6N7Z N6NMQ L N6MN8 L N6NSS L NGM9
N6NGM L NMNN L N6GSM
N6NNR L N.M7Q L NGNZ
N6NNSS7 N6NNRSZ N6NNR79
N67SQQ N67S9Z
N67M7G N67M77 N6778R N677S8

Hodno( 7 &e (u hodno( -ore-ciou nie &e 0en pre(o6 >e " -one1nho m, 0e v"h2 do# - ve2-os(i in(erv 0u vyn'so!en$# s odvod"u&e6 " (i 2 1o v predch'd" &%co# seri'0i so/ s *I? -ore-ci nie &e vhodn6 pre(o>e " 1 sov/ch in(erv 0och. Ce vidieD6 >e sp=so! pod'v ni -ruhu 6 (& o p r(ner 6 "T 0e- n &v51.i chy! s%1e( 6 (ed n &v51.ie hodno(y 7 vyd 0K v "'vis0os(i n -(ore& cud"inec ru#=>e -ruh nie &e ( - &edno(n up0 (niD6 -o si #=>e(e s #i6 do- "u&e6 -o ve2#i "'0e>$ n porovn (e2nosD # nipu0'ci pri eOperi#en(och n n'-upn/ pos(o&ov hodn=(. s pr$0i. ne0$.i od se! n v"'&o# "6 0e &e o nie1o v/hodne&.ie -o . S(redn' chy! 7 &e pre i! N677S8 d 6 di D . a/# pre#enn' chy! F &e n &v51.$6 neus('0e chy!y c v F n &#en.$6 P, s ( - # 06 >e n'"ov e !y #oh0o !yD #o>no (0 1i0 do . nce6 0e od (e& do!y 3 vi c -o po0ovic y ro"s hov.Dvo&i( hodno(y s 7 , s G s%h0 s$ s F ve2#i do!r'6 v F F "0'. To &e nonLdivnF6 pre(o>e s ( -#er "#i"ne (u. ; predpo-0 du6 >e n #ies(o dvo&i( hodno(y n &v51.iu "0o>-u6 -(or' &e v (o#(o pr$p de p &e6 n'&de#e p ] L N6N99R p G ] L N677RN6 1o s%h0 s$ dosD do!re. A- !y s#e ro"de0iD n ce0/ r d do dvoch s-up$n v "'vis0os(i n do!e6 -edy &e n'&den/ch v Su#e Z vrs(ievP I m = 7N6 o = GNF.
Prv/ MM.7N 3r -cion'cie GL MS.RN
GR.RQ GQ.9G
GM.78 GZPG7
Ce po(re!n po"n #en D6 >e hodno(y o!och -o C n u- "ov'-u v srii II r du * 6 & -eT rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 i! v ine& do!e v ino# -on(eO(e6 ne> s% hodno(y v (e&(o srii pod2 vyhr 0F6 0e 0$.i s ve2 od 1o pr$-0 do# &e6 >e 10ove-
#=>e pre!ieh D po-usy " rovn -/ch o-o0nos($6 v r="nych do!'ch6 -edy cvi1enie T 0.ie o-o0nos(i #=>u "#eni0i ci(0ivosD6 T 0.i hr nepredv$d n6 nes#ie # D porovn (e2n. S #o o se!e (o #=>e # D ne& -/ "'u&e#6 -eT so# se# -o#p0e(n/ "o"n #6 v - >do# eOperi#en(e "0o#-och m ] 7N ;$s- n c hodn=( v srii inc0ose6 ( - T 0e-o6 -o &e #o>n vidieD " (oho6 -o (o & " o-o0nos($6 -(or "ni>u&% -on.( n(n/ chy!y6 -o &e (o #o>n6 0e ch r -(er aons( n" nie (vrdi0 v "n #en$. A0e do-u#en(u pre n s0edu&%ce v/po1(y so# prid D & v dres'ri pre os( (n dv ri d-y. Ho3no1' C v r a3k6 "!3no1, v.%h (rak% $ R m D :S c7 cG cM c
Z
L N6GG L N6NZ L N6NG N67N L N67Q N6N8 > N67N N6NS L N67Z N67G LN6 NM N6GR L N6NQ N6G7 L N67Q
N67N L N677 N67Q > N6GN N677 L N6NS N6NS N6NZ N677 L N6GN 677L N6 7M N67Q L N6NS N6N9 > N678 N6GR L N6NZ N6N8 L N6NQ N6 78 L N6NN N6N8 L N6NG N6G7 Pros(ried-y L N67NS N6N9Q > N6N8Q N67RZ
Zo3&ov!3a"2%! ho3no1' c s5r ovo .
cG cM cZ L N6ZNLN6ZM L N6GR L N6Z9 L N67SLN6M9 L N6GQLN6MM L N6GS L N6RR L N 6 ZN L N6RZ L N6G7LN6Z8 L N6MN L N6Z7 L N67G do N67M L N6MNLN6RQ L N6N9 P N6MSLN6GS L N6RS L N6N8 L N6MQ L N6MS L N6ZQ L N6GQ do N6G7 L N6MM L N6ZQ N6NZ L N6GR L N67M L N 6 7Z L N6GG L N6Z9 L N6NR > N6GQ ?ediu# L N67S8 do N6MQQ L N6GQQ L N6ZGG Zo3&ov!3a"2%! ho3no1' C v r a3k6 . cG cM cZ L N6RR > N6GZ L N677 do N679 L N6RN > N6GS L N6GQ L N6MN L N6RQ L N6M8 L N 6 GZ N6N7 L N6MS L N6GG L N6GR L N6MQ L N6MR L N6MZ L N6NS do N6GG L N67R L N6ZSLN6N8 L N67Z L N67S L N678 L N6NM L NN9 L N6M9 > N6ZG L N67G do N6G8 L N6NZ L N6MG N6N9 L N6 GQ L N6GGLN6GG ^ N6NRLN6MM LN6MMN LN6MNQ LN67NG LN6G7Q pros(ried-y ; r du & "o"n # chy!ov/ch s%# v r="nych 3r -ci$6 -o &e m = s% uveden 7N. 9rak% a ho3no1' > m D :S? D :; v s5r . A" ? II ? IK I IK 7.QZ N.RQ N.88 7.QN G.7G G.7G 7.NN 7.7N c7
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7.Z8 7.88 G.GG G.QN 7.QN 7.9N 769Q 76QN G67G 76GN 76NN G6RG 76SN 76RN 768N G6MG G6NN G6MZ 76SN 76SG 768Z 76RN 76 ZN 7.9N G.N8 G.ZZ 7.88 7.8Z G.QN 7.GN 7.8Z 7.9G To( 0su##e796 78 7Q6QZ 7R6Q8 7967G Ter " vypo1$( D pr vdepodo!n% chy!u V -on.( n(n' chy!y " o!och - I G F po#ocou v"orcov uveden/ch6 o s d ] 7N6 pre v0o>iD d ne& hodno(y v ( !u2-e s% " 0o>en6 I hF Av. -6 hodno(y ur1$ " predch'd" &%ce& ( !u2-y 8F . n'&de#e 9F P
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po Po po
po po
po I hF
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N6NGSN N6NN9M N6NG8R N6N77N N.NGGQ N6N7NN N6NG99 N6N777
N6NM8M N6NGNR N6NGR9 N6NGN7
Tu #=>e(e vidieD6 >e v (esno# h0 sov n$ v o!och re>i#och ur1enie6 " (i 2 1o u ur1enie sp=so!u pod2 I hF vi c -o dv -r'( ( - ve2- hodno(y s( novu&e6 -o v s%0 de s , -(or' vy- "u&e "n 1n -o0$s nie -on.( n(n/ chy!y. Hodno(y 3 v ( !u2-e Ipo"ri vy..ieF po vypo1$( n.
8F
To &e6 n pr$-0 d6 n s( viD Z Hodno(y I hF = N6NRNQ79K N.NMS8ZNK N.NZ8NZNK N6NZ7ZZN.

9F
V/po1e( pod2 vr ci -r'(-o po (o#6 0o< ri(#us N69Z7G8LZ 0o< ri(#u prid D6 v/po1e( pod2 I hF n 0o< ri(#u N68R78QLG v po0ovici 0o< ri(#u I h prid DF6 (o -o po(re!n v"i D 1$s0o6 -(or chce(e.
*ie-edy s #=>e(e presved1iD s #i se! 6 >e v/po1e( pod2 pros(redn$c(vo# Ipo"ri vy..ieF v"orec ni& -o v/r "ne vych/0i0 v/s0edo- v/po1(u pod2 I prin'. hF. Do srie s n &si0ne&.$ch hodn=( C 6 !y pri& 0i -o pr$-0 d6 &eden #' V7 VG VM VZ
pod2 I hF N6NGSN N6NG8R N.NGGQ N6NG99 N6NGQN N6NG8Z N6NGNS N6NMNM od Podo!n' dohod s (ie> in - v>dy6 po -(oro#6 pre(o>e odch/0-y (oh(o u"neseni n %1e0y (/ch(o us( noven$ nie &e pods( (n6 nie &e nu(n s - D >-op'dny# s( novenie I n'vr ( hF6 0e #=>u !yD sp0nen v vr'(iD 7N F 6 & -eT v "'s de ro"hodnu(i o I hF &e (rochu !e"pe1ne&.ie.
7NF
V (o#(o #' 0o< ri(#us N6ZZ7G8 v n .o# seri'0i L G n 0o< ri(#u prid D n'so!iD prv 1$s0o.
T !u2- u- "u&e hodno(y "0o#-u n Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 &e #o>nosD pr vid0' pre v/po1e( pr vdepodo!n' chy! Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 !y preu-'" 0. ; hodn=( ZN s-up$n v (e&(o ( !u2-e n o" & u-'" D #en.ie GN6 GN &e v51.i odch/0- od ne& Ipre Z vrs(iev
p0 (n/chF .(yri <en(#i6 -o "odpoved' pr vdepodo!n chy!y6 - &e vypo1$( n' pod2 " d nho pr vid0 . U A" ?-on-r(ne 76 9786 prie#ern' su# 6 -(or' s vyn'so!$ N67Q76 N6MN9 -o pr vdepodo!n chy!y. A- ve"#e#e odch/0-y " 7N &edno(0iv/ch s%1(ov 79786 &eden n'&de S # 0/ch6 M &e v51.i -o N6MN9K v II ? ur1u&e pod2 ro"die0ov v prie#ere #ene& -o Q6 Z s% v51.ie ne> pr vdepodo!n' chy! 6 -(or' &e (u NGQSK v A" K M #en.ie S &e v51.ie v II K #ene& -o Z6 Q &e v51.$ ne> pr vdepodo!n chy!yK v ce0-u6 (o "n #en'6 >e GN # 0/6 GN &e v51.i . V - >do# odde0en$ s #=>e(e V"h2 do# n n$"-y po1e( pr$p dov neo1 -'v 6 >e rovnosD #ed"i po1(o# #en.$ch v51.$ch hodn=(. Prv. &r$3avok. O3vo3!n ! o&rav' v 38s,!3k6 kon!n!" m ::; c0oh &e n s0edovnP chy! 1$s0o 6 ce0-ov/ po1e( m, &e ri(#e(ic-/ prie#er o1 -'v ne& ve2-os(i po"orov n$ In do(y- Au<en# Aversuchen "o s(redne& s0e1ny v"di 0enos(i vF6 (& -o ro"die0y v individu'0ne& po"orov D pre#enn 9 !o0i s( noven6 &e chy! s%1e( uveden/6 v -(ore& s% v.e(-y chy!y6 po"i($vne ne< ($vne6 &eho !so0%(ne hodno(y In pr. po"i($vneF s% spop0 (nen. A0e od m po"orov n$ odvoden/ch6 "n #en' ve2-osD nie &e pr vd 6 prie#ern' ve2-osD 1 6 1o !y " ne-one1nho po1(u po"orov n$6 (ed vypo1$( n pros(ried-y ve2-os(i chy!y nie &e pr vd chy! . S%1e( s-u(o1nho chy!y N &e -ore-ci pod2 s%1(u 3 0o.nho s% odvoden. aore-1n/ 3 -(or6 v pr$p de v/s0ed-ov6 po(o# rovn -o -o nespr'vne #diu# chy! pou>i(e2n.
77F
Po-i 2 ide o i G7Q n s0 po"ri Ber. d SA)HS soc. 78Q76 s. RS 33
Predpo-0 d &#e n &prv6 ve2-osD 1 L 6 o -(or &e s-u(o1n/ s(redn' ve2-osD 1 " n'&den/ch 9 odch/0i6 &e "n'# . Bo si 0en spo#enie(e , oni s po"er 0i T 0e& v"D h #ed"i N . #=>e !yD po"i($vne 0e!o ne< ($vne. Se# nespr'vn chy! (er " s% ( - (ep0o6 -(or s # &% rovn - "n #ien-o6 ( &up0n/ (ie6 -(or # &% nerovn podp$s D. Po(o# s 10ove- #us$ v N o(o1iD 7GF P 7F V.e(-y "0e& s(r ne chy!y6 -(or s% !so0%(ne v51.ie -o , r d N ich s%1e( S &e !so0%(n hodno( "n$>enieK s% S L s . GF V.e(-y o(her\or0d0y 3 0se chy! 6 1$s0o n 6 s%1e( N &e !so0%(n hodno(e pri!0$>enieK s% N ^ n . MF Pre 3 0o.n% chy!y (o(o v.e(-o n sve(e6 1o &e #ed"i N 0o>6 -(orho 1$s0o / s%1e( Z &e ro"die06 "e n'hr d !so0%(nych hodno('chK s% / L Z . T ->e #'#eP N ] S ^ N L Z ^ IL y E n E /) .
A0e v"h2 do# - (o#u S ^ N ^ Z ] s ^ n ^ / ] m 6 (en(o v/r " pre&de do N = ^ I m " Zs) " G Z -de #' !yD "ho(oven' v !so0%(nych hodno('ch.
7GF
6 - &e (o nu(n6 &e #o>n si preds( viD6 >e (ie(o pr vid0' 7F GF MF v/s0edn' odvodiD rovnice #ed"i N , po1$( v.e(-o i0us(rov D n 2u!ovo2ne vy#ys0en/ch pr$-0 dov do-'" D (/#6 >e rie.i r d ch/! 2u!ovo2ne6 i! s "oh2 dnenie -u#u0ov n/ch po"i($vne ne< ($vne s%1(u6 !y s (o is(6 rovn -o -o hodno(y n'hodne s 6 -o (ie(o pr vid0' s v"D hu&% n - >d/ (yp ro"0o>eni ch/!. Po> dov ne& -ore-cie #o>no n'&sD6 - s pre , s Z s% schopn n hr diD ur1i( hodno(y. Av. -6 (o(o s #=>e s( D6 - !ude#e predpo-0 d D6 >e nor#'0ne ro"de0enie ch/!6 -(or #=>e !yD v (o#6 n'&sD -on-r(ne hodno(y pre 7MF .
7MF
; (/#(o %1e0o#6 s #o"re&#e 2u!ovo2n/ pr$-0 d u> s0%>iD.
Bo s (/- 6 #=>e#e s n rovn -o# pr$s(upe6 -(or/ (ie> pre -ore-ciu ch/! s%1e( .(vorcov G " d=vodu -one1nho m viedo0 7ZF s dy6 . Pre s(redn v/.- po"orov nie &e v s(redu &eden po"orov nie nespr'vne "0.
s( noven'6 pre(o !y m pripo#ien-y "n'#u pr vdepodo!nosDou "vy1 &ne

7ZF )o#p.
Enc-e v s(ronE#o#. )en( n 78MZ. S . G8G 3
A- N Z s (/- 6 &e #o>n s -o po1e( vy..ie 0e>i ce n &edne& s(r ne6 (o &e6 po"i($vne 0e!o ne< ($vne6 o#y0o#
pov >u&e " d n/6 "is(i(e2n/ "n'#u in(e<r'0ne ( !u2-y pr vdepodo!nosDou chy!y "n #en'6 >e I -o po"i($vne ne< ($vneF n o!och s(r n'ch n d !so0%(n hodno( 0>i. ; druhe& s(r ny
ni>.ie vypo1$( D "0o#o- " ce0-ovho s%1(u ch/!6 N &e (voren/ #ed"i N !so0%(nych hodn=( D >n/ch. Dos den$# (/ch(o v/r "ov , s Z 6 dos( ne#e
pre(o6 n hr den$# pre
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v pr$p de6 e &e "'-0 d po1e( prirod"en/ch 0o< ri(#ov6 1$s0o +udo03 7QF .
7RF
s(ronE#. C hr! 3 78MZ6 s(r MNR n s0 . Ce (o prv/ pre -%-o2ve- hodno(u
7QF
-de ( &e s(upeU presnos(i. Pod2 "n'#e& rovnice6 v. -6 &e - &ednoduch/ "dro& chy!y. Dos den$# (e&(o hodno(y pre (, s dy 6 n'&de#e in(e<r'ciou vy..ie uvedene& rovnice.
Po(o#6 ( !u2-u #o>no vypo1$( D6 -de -oe3icien( os(r pre - >d% hodno(u m &e uveden/. Fr <#en( ( -e&(o ( !u2-y &e uveden/ ni>.ie6 v -(oro# m ] 7N6 #ies(o pr$sne ] 76NMMMMM 76NMGQQ99 !y !o0o6 0e (o6 1o ro"die06 -o &e vidieD6 &e " ned! (e2n/. Av. -6 !y &eden pre - >d/ m "$s- nie pou>i(e2n/ch v.eo!ecn/ch -ore-1n/ 3 -(or6 &eden #' hodno(y ro"v$& D pod2 svo&ich v.eo!ecn/ch v/r "ov v ne-one1n r dy udr> D i! prv/ (er#$n6 -(or/6 -o &e uveden ni>.ie6 %p0ne dos( 1u&%ce. Ter " #=>e(e "$s- D6 -eT &e n s( ven/ -r'(-y , 6 v.eo!ecne6 pre - >d% hodno(u
Av. -6 od ( dy =
, po(o# , ]
A- ve"#e#e do %v hy 0en prv/ (er#$n o!och v/r "ov dos( ne#e T 0e& uveden'
1o s d' n s( viD ro"u#n% proOi#'cii 0e!o Druh/ " nich6 -o #=>e(e vidieD " n s0edu&%ce& ( !u2-y6 o nie1o vi c -o !/v 0e& pripo&$ - ve2#i os(r -ore-ciu. A -one1ne6 (u n s0edu&e # 0/ s(o0$-6 -(or/ -ore-1n/ 3 -(or pre nie-(or hodno(y m pod2 o!och ve2#i prud-ho po-0esu v/po1(u n pri0o>ene& hodno(y s%6 -o pod2 r="nych proOi#'ci$6 " -(or/ch &eden #=>e vidieD6 >e & -eT > do n &#en.ie hodno(y m "os(upu&e6 opr v ire0ev n(n os(r/6 !y6 0e!o do-onc 0en &e ce0-o# od0i.n/ od %p0ne vr'(iD6 !y pre(o %p0ne "!y(o1n. V
rovn -e& do!e6 -ore-ci n s(redne& -v dr (ic-e& chy!y &e u> "n'# pod aorre-(ions\eise pripo&en6 " -(orho &e vidieD6 >e (en(o 3 -(or v. de v51.$ -o u 6 (/# & pre ich. aore-1n/ 3 -(or pre . os(r/ M G M 7N 76NMZZ8 76NMMMM 7.NMG889 7.NMGQ99 N.799GN7N N.NM7MG9Q 76NRZ7 )orr 76GNNNN 767QQQS 7.789M78 7.78MR7R N.ZGSMS7G N.7ZS7MR7 76Z7ZG 767GRNN 7677777 7.778Q9S 7.77QZNZ N.MRZ9R8N N.7NNQQ8G 76GGZ8 n d
GN 76N7Q9R 76N7QQS 7.N7Q7SM 7.N7Q7M9 N.Z7QN7N N.N7RS89Q 76NGQN MN 76N77GM 76N7777 7.N7NSGZ 7.N7NSNG N.77R8GGZ N.N7NRRSM 76N7S7 RN 76NNQS7 76NNQQS 7.NNQZNS 7.NNQZNN N.N898ZN8 N.NNQMZQN 76N7N7 7NN 76NNMMZ 76NNMMM 7.NNM79M 7.NNM79G N.NQMR9ZR N.NNM7S8N 76NNRN Hodno(y 6 -(or !o0i pou>i( pre v/po1e( opr vy s% os(r6 !/v 0/.6 in(erpo0'ciou " ( !u2-y6 -(or' Enc-e v s(ronE#o# )en( v ro-u 78MZ6 s% s ;u"iehun< druh/ ro"die0y6 -(or !o0i vypo1$( n6 0e pri #o po Ivy..ieF d nho v"orc . T. &r$3avok. :O; O3vo3!n ! o&rav' v 38s,!3k6 v!<kos1 n1!rva,ov. V # (e# (ic-o# "#ys0e - >de& chy!e po"orov nie ve2#i -on-r(ne& ve2-os(i #' 0en ne-one1ne # 0% pr vdepodo!nosD6 !ude 0en "ried- ne-one1ne op -ov D. A0e v re'0no# vy& dren$6 ne#o>no ro"0$.iD chy!u do n &#en.ieho de( i0u6 0e $sD do0e 0en do ur1i(ho 0i#i(u i(6 ( - si po!y( o-o0nos(i6 " des D die0ov6 s(ov-y die0ov6 die0y n (is$c ri d-ov6 s(upne s% - dispo"$cii6 -o v n hr'v-e. Bo p (r$ #ed"i (/#6 !ude presunu(' n n &!0i>.ie hr nice r="nych in(erv 0och. Ro"s h &eden (er " -o v/s0edo-. prie#ern' chy! ( - 1 s(o pr$0i. ve2-/ uveden/ -o pr$0i. # 06 "d' s 6 >e !y (o # 0o -o#pen"ov D pre ve2-/ po1e( po-usov. Op5D p0 ($6 >e &e (o !0$"-o6 0e nie &e presne (en pr$p dK s-=r prin'. s-u(o1nosD6 >e po1e( ch/! o d ne& ve2-os(i re0 ($vne r/ch0o6 pre(o>e ich ve2-osD s "ni>u&e6 s (/#6 >e (/#(o sp=so!o# s chy! s%1e( &e v51.$6 ne> -eT s " "n #en'v &% v.e(-y chy!y v "'vis0os(i n &eho spr'vne hodno(y6 (o v51.$ vo vi cer/ch si0ne&.$ch v"D hov6 v "'vis0os(i v51.ie in(erv 0y s% "$s- n v "'"n #e & ( - s 0$.i6 &e v po#ere - prie#erne& chy!y. Po (o# v.e(-o#6 s dy6 !ude#e po-r 1ov D s n hr'v-e in(erv 0och N6NNK N67NK N6GNK N.MN (T po-r 1u&e6 - >d' chy! !ude " si hnu(/6 n pr$-0 d6 si N67R G6R > N6GNK To "n #en'6 >e prv' chy! &e pr$0i. ve2-/6 pos0edn/ s pri& D pr$0i. # 0K po1e( ch/! v in(erv 0e N67R L N6GN6 v. -6 &e ( - ove2 v51.i -o chy! v in(erv 0e N6GNLN6GR6 "v/.enie poruchovho s%1(u6 -(or/ v"ni-' " !/v 0ho o-o0nos($6 nie redu-cie6 -(or' vych'd" " druhe& o-o0nos($ &e -o#pen"ov n/.
7SF
Po"ri Spr'vy d S5chs soc. 78Q76 s(r 9M33. Po-i 2 ide o i G7S
Po-i 2 vie#6 ne!o0 s-%# n' > (er "6 -o2-o6 >e "'0e>$ n (o# &e chy! 6 (o6 1o "'-ony pos0%cho0. A& (er " n'&sD n vy..ie uveden -ore-cie v n s0edu&%ci# sp=so!o#. A- !y s#e n s( viD 0en6 >e (o n o" & - >d' chy! s svo&i#i s-u(o1n/#i hodno( #i ci(ov 0 ( - 1 s(o6 -o (o n s( ne6 "$s- #e s1$( n$# (/ch(o ch/!6 1$s0o m &e6 pr vd 6
chy! s%1e( N K pros(redn$c(vo# 1erp nie " pr vho s(redne& chy!y6 -(or 7. hor%ci. ByD n druhe& s(r ne a in(erv 0 ro"de0enie #ed"i (/#6 1o >i dne chy!y s% pri&$# n6 n pr$-0 d i ] N6GR 7 0e!o _ 7 6 ( ->e v.e(-y chy!y n hr nice in(erv 0u s% pre#ies(nen " (e&(o ve2-os(i "0 s%1e( "$s- n6 po#er pr v#u N sn hou &e ur1iD. Po(o#6 1o "n'# ( !u2- pr vdepodo!nos(i in(e<r'0u I-on"u0('ci in(erpo0'cieF &e v in(erv 0och chy!ov/ch ve0i1$n od N do 7 ` Z 7 o!vy-0e N67R87NR8 " ce0-ovho po1(u ch/! v cene78F . T/# chy! po0ovic _ 7 s po0ovic !i($ n N6 (o &e "0 su# n (o#(o in(erv 0e dos( D (en s N67R87NR8 m vyn'so!en6 "n #en' NLN6GR &e 7 . ; in(erv 0e N6GR 7 > N6RN 7 &e nor#'0ny po1e( ch/! pod2 ( !u2-y in(e<r'0ne
N67R79R8R m . T ->e s (/#(o n'so!$ pros(ried-y #ed"i N6GR 7 N6RN 7 di M ` 8 x N67R79R8R m 7 "0/ su# pre in(erv 06 ( - n ce0% .-'0u ve2-os($ v'd. )e0' (/ch(o s%# &e 7.NNMMG7 m 7 6 n #ies(o s-u(o1nho s%1(u m 7 ] N .
78F
Ten(o s n ch'd" do %v hy6 >e hH!- in(e<r'0ne #iery 6 - &e +udo03[sche 1$s0o.
presnos(i ( rovn
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79F ( ] . GNF
& hodno( ] 7.NRMQZM N
so# "$s- 0 s n s0edu&%ci#i hodno( #i pr vdepodo!nos(i chy!y6 -(or # &% !yD ur1en od N do n (/ch(o hodno('ch ( , -de ( ] #ier presnos(i &e6 >e so# herse("e u2 h1iD ri denie n d deriv'(P (
M.N 6 9999SS9N9M M.7 M.G M.M M.Z M.R M.Q M.S M.8 M.9 Z.N Z.7 Z.G 88MR7. 9M9 SZN 9Q9 ZGG 98Z S8N 99G RQ9 99Q ZZ7 998 MG9 999 GMN 999 QRG 999 8ZQ 9999MM 999 9S7
Be" in(erpo0'cie6 dos( 0 so# s pri #o pri n s0edu&%cich in(erv 0ov po#eru po po#ere 3 0se s-u(o1n su#y6 -de = 76 SSGZRM9
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* .e predch'd" &%ce .(%die6 v/s0ed-y6 v"orce s pohy!u&e ve2 v o!0 s(i von- &.$ch psychophysics 0en #i#ochodo# o!1 s s#e " %(o1i0i ( - pred n vn%(orn/ch psychophysics n d. A0e (o &e6 -o so# u> po0o>en'6 von- &.ie psycho3y"i-y i! podpor pr$pr v pre vedenie h0!.ie vn%(orn psychophysics. Hovor#e n's sp5DP nie &e opr vn/ pros(riedo- pri #o poci(6 0e #ed"i n$# poci( (0 1$ s('0e vn%(orn 3y"ic-% -(ivi(u6 hovori0i s#e -r'(-o psycho#o(oric-6 (en6 -(or/
s pre!udi0 "o svo&ho -%"0 6 (er " 0en !e"pros(redne nesie poci(6 0e!o s pripo&$ v "'vis0os(i n ino# poh2 de6 -(or/ s ro"hodne v n s0edu&%ce& - pi(o0eK pr'vny v"D h #ed"i von- &.ou vn%(ornou End<0iede (o#(o reD "ci6 dr'>div/ poci( pre0o>en' do se! 6 -o n pr$-0 d #ed"i podne(y6 (o "n #en'6 >e -on1 (in n &edne& s(r ne #ed"i s(rednou -on1 (iny poci( n s(r ne druhe&. Vo von- &.$ch psychophysics s#e pres-o1i0i (%(o s(redn% (er#$n6 !y so# ( poved 06 -o #y6 pri # s-%senosD &e n s0edu&%ci pr'vny v"D h6 0e i! #ed"i -oncov/#i 10en#i (oh(o reD "c 6 -%"0 6 -(or von- &.ie6 poci(6 -(or/ &e i! vn%(orn' s-%senos($6 #us$ !yD uveden pri #o !o0i schopn$. Vo vchode do vn%(orn/ch psychophysics6 #us$#e si n's porovn n' so s(rednou -on1 (iny von- &.ie End<0iede6 !y s#e 0en pre(i hni(e &eho v"D h n #ies(o -oncovho spo&eni " von- &.e& do vn%(orne& End<0iede %v hy. a%"0o s#e po(o# po-0es po (o#6 1o sp0ni0 svo& %1e06 !y n's viedo0 - cen(r'0ne& -on1 (iny. V hodin #i6 ne#=>e(e vidieD dovn%(r 6 0e priechod von- &.$ u- "ov (e26 dr>(e " ri denie -o0es'6 -(or' so se!ou nesie pre(o6 hodiny &e v pr vo# pr%de. Ten(o von- &.$ u- "ov (e2 (u n'# preds( vu&e s(i#u06 v. -6 psycho#o(oric- pohy! preds( vu&e prie!eh -o0es'6 o-re# (oho6 >e &e (o n op -6 -o -eT hodiny ru- 6 -(or' s o('1 vn%(orn -o0eso (u. S #o"re&#e6 >e priechod u- "ov (e0e n'# #=>e d D nie0en n h0i dnuD do vn%(ornho pohy!uK " hgU (ie> "n 0osD vn%(ornho " ri deni - ne#uK 1o n (E#ie 3y"io0E<ie n's u1$ od vn%(ornho 3y"ic-ho prenosu6 -(or/ &e pred#e(o# n .e& duchovne& "hon6 &e pr$0i. ne%p0n/ T 0e-o (ie> u#o>niD de3ini($vne "'very i! n n &v.eo!ecne&.e& pov hy psychic-o# i 3y"ic-o# pohy!e. S% (u e0e-(ric-6 che#ic-6 #ech nic-6 Bi ( - 0e!o on - v (v re pohy!y n # (eri'0ne 0e!o i#ponder !e0n #di'b Poved"#e6 >e nevie#eK 0e &e v/s0ed-o# u-'> s 6 >e s#e schopn$ preni-n%D do vn%(orn/ch psychophysics > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 !e" (oho !y s#e o (o# vede0i6 !e" -(ore& po> du&e#e "n 0os(i 0e!o -on-r(ne predpo-0 dy o pov he6 di pod-0 du 3or#e psychophysic 0 pohy!u6 0en (o6 >e ur1i( " rovn -/ch pod#ieno-6 -o &e "n'#e6 0en (o6 >e s% 1i( (e2n > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$ n von- &.ie podne(y. V s-u(o1nos(i6 &e po(re!n ro"0i.ov D dve o('"-y do!re ro"vied0i s v ro-u 0ie1!yP 1o &e pov h psychoL3y"ic-ho pohy!u6 " -/ch pod#ieno- s (o(o hnu(ie ro!iD (ie(o (ie(o v"D hy duchovn hnu(ieb Prv' o('"- Prv' s e.(e 0en uvid$6 pre(o>e nie &e po(re!n ro"hodn%D (er " hovoriD v nie-(oro# " pos0edne& - pi(o0e &e ce0-ov/ poh2 d n (o6 0e (o !ude (er " ro-ov D i! o('"-y druhho druhu (/# i! po#ero# psychophysic 0 pohy!u6 "os('v &% v p0 (nos(i6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 1o s u-'>e v pos0edne& do!e -o "'-0 dn/ ch r -(er (oh(o hnu(i . A pr vdepodo!ne v >i dno# do-(r$ny &e ( - d=0e>i(6 -o n .e6 'no6 &e (o &eden " prv/ch 3or#'0ne Prin"ip vy"er D rovn -o6 -(or' predch'd" 0 6 -(or "os('v v p0 (nos(i pre v.e(-y pod#ien-y6 # D dr \6 -(or' #=>e "os( D nero"hodnu(6 ( - d0ho6 -/# pochy!nos(i o #=>e "os( D n ro"hodnu(ie. ?i#ochodo#6 pr've s#e s('0 dosD d0ho vo 3y"i-e (eErie sve(0 s('0e s(o&$ -o (eEri e0e-(riny. ; (o6 1o &e e0e-(rin b Poved"#e6 >e nevie#eK -o s vyvinu0 6 0e &e u> (eEri e0e-(rinyy Tie> u> #=>e#e do-'" D6 >e von- &.ie psycho3y"i-y6 >e nie &e pov h hnu(i &e (o6 1o &e n h0 vn/ch (# v (e&(o do-(r$ny6 0e >e ( # s% v"D hy (/ch(o pohy!ov. ? 0/
pou>$v n's pov hu s(i#u0u6 1i u> (o !o0o 2 h-6 0e!o "vu-u6 0e!o "'v >i o!'v D6 >e s v >i dno# pr$p de nevyhnu(n rie.iD pods( (u (/ch(o podne(ov " nich s pre!udi0 pohy!u n ur1enie "'-0 dn "'-ony von- &.ieho psycho3y"i-y 6 pre(o s#e (ie> vn%(orn psycho3y"i-y s( v D n von- &.ie h0 vn/ch !odov To is( #o>no ur1iD !e" nu(nos(i6 !y n'ro-y po"n D pov hu psychic-o# i 3y"ic-o# pohy!e. Prv'6 h0 vn' o('"- 6 n -(or% s #' -on D v (o#(o pr$p de6 n -(or s o!r ci #e - dis-usii o nie-(or/ch v.eo!ecn/ch pre&udici'0nych o('"o- v n s0edu&%ce& - pi(o0e prve&6 !ude -(oro# pre-0 d "'-0 dy von- &.$ch psychophysics6 pr'vo n @e!er s-u(o1nosD6 pr h6 -(or/ si ich vy& drenie v "'-0 dno# v"orci #er nie v"orce6 #us$ s n u1iD v priechode do vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-y. Ten(o pre-0 d &e #o>n priori #o>nosD6 ro"hod0 ro"hodnu($# vs(upu do vn%(orn/ch psychophysics prvho d=vodu ich !ud% u#ies(nen. M8. - pi(o0 #' viesD - (o#u(o ro"hodnu(iu. Ter " s "d'6 >e po (o#6 1o s#e s v.e(ci s " pisu&% do in(eriru6 s#e opus(i0i ce0e& s-%senos(i T 0e&. A0e (o nie &e. S-=r s#e schopn$6 1o s " 1 0o " pred von- &.ou psycho3y"i-y s(re(n%D s s-%senosD #i "vn%(r pro(i6 !y s (/#(o 1i s(o1ne po-r 1ov D vedie eO(erne vi " n/ reD "ec "'veru6 1i s(o1ne pevn 1erp D. A-on'h0e s n . vn%(orn' s-%senosD &e o ce0/ n'. du.evn/ >ivo( pri #o pon%-6 " druh6 vie#e6 >e (e0o psychoL 3y"ic-ou -(ivi(ou &eho v/hody6 & -eT 0en ne%p0n6 0e do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 - >d/ deU (o(o po"n nie dop0nen' nov/#i s-u(o1nosD #i " n (E#ie6 3y"io0E<ie p (o0E<ieK -(or nie0en 10eno# von- &.e& -oniec podne(u6 0e & vn%(orn -oncov/ 10en6 poci(6 s% nie-(or s(redn -on1 (iny6 or<'ny o psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 spo0o1ne s pr'vnou spo&i(osD #ed"i von- &.$#i vn%(orn/#i End<0iede o!&e-(ov s-%senos($6 !y "'ver e.(e 0en "os('v vyp0niD #ed"ery6 -(or (vori s-%senos(i v pred#e(e o- #>i(ho "'s hu 10enov -oncov/ch v2 vo do #ed"i2 h0ho 10enovi. Pr've (er " s po#ery von- &.ieho -oncovho 10enovi6 podne(6 !y s nie-(or po>i d v-y n pod#ien-y vn%(ornho pros(redn/ 10en psychophysic 0 pohy!u6 -(or/ n'# u#o>n$ " &edne& s(r ny n (o6 >e &e s pod#ien- #i 10en vn%(ornho -onc 6 poci( " druhe& s(r ny T 0e& pr$p d. A& -eT #=>e#e !yD v >i dno# pr$p de vyvodiD " pov hy duchovn/ch hnu(i n pov he pod-0 dov/ch 3y"ic-/ch pohy!ov6 (& v !0$"-os(i o!s hu&%ci su!s(r'( -(or/ (v r #' (ie(o pohy!y6 0e pr vdepodo!ne "'veru6 >e psycho0o<ic-' s%vis0osD psycho#o(oric- -on(eO(6 #en('0ny se(Lup o-re# d=s0ed-o# psycho#o(oric-6 du.evn podo!nos(i ro"die0y psycho#o(oric-6 du.evn' si0 s0 !osD v psycho#o(oric- "odpoved &%6 po-i 2 ide o psychic- #' svo&u "'-0 dUu vo 3y"ic-e&. Pre(o>e !y !yD nie0en !e" (/ch(o re3eren1n/ch pod#ieno-6 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i dvo# neu#o>Uu&e predpo-0 d D6 0e (o n's (ie> opr'vUu&% n s-%senos(i6 -(or #=>e#e uro!iD v o!0 s(i von- &.$ch psychophysics6 -de s% v"D hy #ed"i %1in- #i podne(ov poci( v ( -e& s% pre0o>i(e2n #ed"i psycho#o(oric- pohy!u poci(. V (o#(o ro"s hu &e (er " #'#e6 !y !ud%ce vi c -o r " " (oh(o princ$pu !ude pou>$v D6 s #=>e6 v pr$p de neeOis(encie 0ep.$ (er#$n pre (o6 v"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e s s 3un-1nho v"D hu #ed"i (e0o# du.ou s # o se!e6 o"n 1en s-r'(en/ n'"ov "'s dy prev'd"-ov "n 1ne s( noven% s% i0us(rov n n pr$-0 de. Spo#ien-y ro"v$& D n'p dy6 " predpo-0 du6 univer"'0ne vedo#ie6 v -(oro# s%
o! & s%1 sDou. Be" "n 0os(i psycho#o(oric- procesy6 -(or s% pred#e(o# &ednho druhho6 #=>e#e s('0e e.(e !0$"-o po 3un-ciu Prin"ip >e psycho#o(oric- pod#ien-y spo#ieno-6 " -(or/ch - ro"vo&u #y.0ien-y. ; predpo-0 du6 >e v.eo!ecne&.$ psychoL3y"i-'0ne pod#ien-y6 -(or vy"/v n eOis(enciu v.eo!ecnho povedo#i Spo#ien-y s('0e nes% podo!u in(u$cieK & spo#ien-y n -(or/ch procesy s% s('0e nesie (v r procesov6 -(or s% pred#e(o# n'"oryKSpo#ien-y s% v.eo!ecne s0 !.ie ne> #y.0ien-yK Tie> ( # !ude "'-0 dn procesy. Spo#ien-y poch'd" &% " vn%(r n #ys0i6 in(u$ci s - ne#u "von-uK (ie> ich "'-0 dn procesy s% 1is(o ro"v$& D od eOis(u&%ceho psycho#o(oric- !es( nd 0e!o po> dov D dop0nenie nov/ch podne(ov -op "von-uK Spo#ien-y s% "dru>eni K "'-0 dn procesy pod0ieh &% s princ$p#i "dru>eni . Ter " !y (o !o0o ve2#i 0eniv/6 .iro-' vy-on D (en(o druh pre-0 de psychi-y v psycho#o(oric-6 ( - d0ho6 -/# ne!ude n's vedie T 0e& ne> 0en p%hy pre-0 d. A0e " vo0 0 sp=so! prisp=so!ov ni pro(i (o#u6 1o #=>e#e o(voriD " von- &.e& psychophysics pred v "'vis0os(i n n (o#ic-/ch6 3y"io0o<ic-/ch p (o0o<ic-/ch s-u(o1nosDou6 i! v(edy6 - ( -(o -oncesie u- "u&e6 !ude#e s $sD do de( i0ov #=>e(e vidieD nie1o6 1o pres d"ov 0 . To &e do(er " re0 ($vne n (o6 1o !ude #usieD uro!iD vn%(orn psycho3y"i-y6 0en #'0oK 0e ve2 s #i "d'6 v po#ere - (o#u6 1o si #=>e dovo0iD6 !e" (oho6 !y spo0upr'c (/ch(o "'s d.
Text original
V s-u(o1nos(i6 v. -6 &e pr vdepodo!n6 op (rn/ o!o"re(n/ -o#!in'ci (/ch(o r="nych sp=so!ov6 -o !yD vhodn6 !y vn%(orn psycho3y"i-y n nie1o vi c -o o!&e-( o!y1 &n .pe-u0'cie6 pos(upn6 0e ved% is(/ -ro- n . *ie v.e(-y -ro-y s% vy-on'v n v n s0edu&%co#6 &e u> pevne !e"pe1neK 0e uspori d nie ce0-u6 #ys0$#6 >e pevne !e"pe1ne.
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Po(re! v.eo!ecn pred!e>n dis-usie o v"D hu (e0 du.e6 -(or s#e (0 1i0 sp5D 1o n &vi c -u vchodu do von- &.$ch psychophysics6 &e vs(up do in(eriru nov/ch n'ro-ov6 & s ho sn >iD (u &edin/6 & -eT #ierne ro".$ren'6 !y v s%0 de s - pi(o0ou v r'#ci vy..ie uvedenho 1$s0 6 0e -(or6 rovn -o -o v.e(-o do(er " inho6 #e( 3y"ic- dis-usie !s(inov D %p0ne6 !ude s-=r sn >iD v.e(-o (o6 1o &e s hnev D6 v"h2 do# - nie-(or/# o('"- # (/#6 >e !ud% 0en nie1o v.eo!ecne&.$ ne> !ude#e dis-u(ov D nes-=r. Pre(o6 (u &e (o6 -o T 0e-o hovor$ o du.i !e" oh2 du n -on-r(ne #e( 3y"ic- predpo-0 dy ich "'-0 dn/ ch r -(er6 ich eOis(enci "hgU &ednoducho (/#6 >e ich &edno(nho vedo#i 6 (o -o vn$# D6 c$(iD6 #ys0enie6 chcenie s -on'6 -de6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 -(or/ " nich v.e(-o6 1o chce6 !y s n "'-0 de (oho6 1o s #=>e o!& viD ve2#i 3i0o"o3ic-y nedos( (o1n6 !ude s( 1iD n (o6 1o n s0edu&e6 v. -.CeL0i du. #' ne"'vis0% eOis(enciu6 0e!o nieb ? &(e >i dny n'"or o (o#6 0e!o h2 d &% dis-usiu 3i0o"o3ic-/ch spisoch. Vo v.e(-/ch6 -(or/ n s0edu&e6 ne!ude (o ni1 n'"orov "'vis06 & -eT s-u(o1n pod#ien-y6 -(or !ud% prich'd" D (u pre & "y-6 s #=>u prid D 0ep.ie -o in n'"ory6 -o ( - nie s% 2 hos( &n$ - s( novis-u.
a; s$3,o 36#! v # r#o / s,ov a )/' s,!. Po&e# s$d0o du.e v (e0e6 do- "u&e6 >e s(e n .0i pr$0e>i(osD vyrie.iD pries(orov/ v"D h - svo&#u (e0u du.e. Tie>6 (o &e o!vy-0 !e>ne du.e -o "v0'.(ne &e#n esenci oso!i(ne& pov he .$ri do ce0ho (e0 6 0e!o #ys0$(e6 >e sed$ -o &ednoduch/ su!&e-( v (e& 1i one& vi c 1i #ene& odhod0 n 0e!o neur1en/# Odpor%1 n u#ies(nenie rovn -6 0e!o spoU ich v"D h - (e0u s'# -o 3y"ic-' &e6 !y s do in/ch 3y"ic-/ch os=!K nie-(or #e( 3y"ic- preds( vy o pov he du.e vedie sp5D - (o#u. A- su!&e-( o!&e-( vn%(orn s-%senos(i v rovn -o# 1 se &e s #o"re&#e po o(voren$ du.u6 1o do- "u&e ich eOis(enciu6 sn$# cie6 poci(6 #ys0enie6 (T6 vidi(e2n/ v d no# pries(ore6 u- "u&% "re(e2n/6 o!&e-( von- &.ieho s-%senos(i6 >e &e (o (o6 1o s(e s op/( D #=>e6 - &e -de-o2ve- hovoriD o v"D hu rovn -' do ves#$ru6 v/r "6 rovn - s$d0o6 nie &e v >i dno# "#ys0e !yD un(ri3(i< 0e!o nepr v. ?ed"i(/#6 n'&de - >d/ v s-u(o1nos(i L n (%(o s-u(o1nosD #us$ !yD s-u(o1n d=vody L n%(en$ po1$( D svo&u du.u s-=r n &eho v0 s(n (e0o6 -o (e0o in6 - >d/ #=>e po#=cD6 0e ver$6 >e &eho du. v ro"pore6 v #ies(e -r &iny6 -de n'&de(e &eho (e0o6 -o n'&sD ne& - T 0.ie #ies( 6 >e chod$ s (e0o# ce" sve(eK ( - #us$ du. 6 nie ( - -o (e0o6 0e vT - spros(red-ov nie (e0 6 s -(orou &e vo v"D hu -u -(ore& &e6 -o s hovor$6 povinn/ !yD 0o- 0i"'ci vo ves#$re schopn/. A0e #us$ (o r " !yD u"n n'6 v. -6 o('"- nie &e " #ie(nu('6 - nie &e " rovn -ho uh0 poh2 du6 " -(orho pov >u&e#e " vi " n/ s-=r n (en(o %(v r -o os( (n -/-o2ve- d n/ du.e6 rovn -/ (ie> s-=r n &edne& s(r ne -o n s(r ne druhe& (en(o or<'n vi " n/ #ys0ieD6 pre(o &e sed0o &e rovn - o!#ed"eni e.(e vi c. A0e s-=r6 ne> &e o('"-ou i! po poh2 de s #o(nho6 " -(ore& du. #=>e !yD #y.0ien- v=!ec vi " n' n (e0o v/r "o# o(roc(v "n #en'6 >e spo1i (-u 0en T 0.$ " 3y"ic-ho sve( vypo>i1 0 o!r "6 -o (er#$n s$d0o6 !o0 pre -(or% su!s(i(uov n &e. A- !y s#e s n Uo# " 3i0o"o3ic-ho s(r ny dos( D ve2#i od0i.n ve2#i sporn odpovede6 ne#'#e s s( r D o n's6 n .D s(ie6 po -ur"e n s( ven' n #i $sD n (o. ;o s-%senos($ s#ero# n hor pon%- n s0edu&%ce &edno"n 1n' odpoveT6 &eP * .e du.e -o - >d' du. 6 -(or po"n'#e p0echov-u v (o#(o >ivo(e6 s -(orou #'#e 1o do 1ineni (% s'#6 >iv/6 >e eOis(u&% i! s #o>nosDou re 0i(y vedo#i & vov6 -de s d n/ 3y"i-'0ny sys(# dr>$ pohro# de n >ive6 (& s v0 s(nou pr$po&-
rodi1 nonLr s(%ce v periodici(e von- &.ieho sve( periodic- "#eny periodic- de#on('> s0ed pohy!ov &e6 (o 3y"ic-/ sys(# #=>e eOis(ov D i! n >ive dr> D pohro# de6 - d n du.u v (o#(o sve(e >i&e T 0e&. To &e n &1 s(e&.i 6 "'-0 dn' s-u(o1nosD6 -v=0i -(ore& s spo0o1ne o1 -'v D %(v r d ne& du.u. Tie !ud% vys-y(ov D ni druh/ 3 -(6 -(or/ v. - n &prv predpo-0 d'6 >e (en(oLpo"e#s-/ vedo# -(ivi(y du.e s ( - " (e0 6 -(or &e& >ivo( v (o#(o sve(e6 &e vi " n/ v.eo!ecne6 s% spo&en v po#ere pod#ienenos(i n &#5. V o!och sp=so!ov - >dho n &eho v0 s(no# (e0e du. #' v"D h6 -(or/ ne#' ni (e0o inho6 ni n -/-o2vesu!&e-( 0e!o (e0esn/ch sys(#ov s o-o0i(/# sve(o#6 (o &e (o6 1o ro!$ (o -o s po1$( 1o# s(redne n v"'&o#. Pries(orov/ v"D h du.e - (e0u6 v/r "y6 pre o"n 1enie n (e0e &e vi " n/ v (e0e sed d0'6 "d' s pre(o pre-0 d' 1o s#e n "'-0 de vecne& nechc% " 1 D s #e( 3y"ic-/ch predpo-0 dov6 spo1i (-u 0en v pod#ien- ch pois(ne& ud 0os(i6 #ed"i !es( nd 1innosD du.e (e0 6 #=>e#e e#piric-y s0edov D i! v (o#(o sve(e6 " -(orho s #=>e#e p/( D6 1i &e (o pres hu&e (en(o sve(. A- "&edno(iD v.e(-y 1 s(i (e0 v spo0upr'ci v r'#ci so0id ri(y - #oci6 !y s du. v (o#(o >ivo(e6 do-onc dr> D pohro# de i! v >ive& 1innos(i6 - spo&en' du. "os('v v (o#(o >ivo(e6 #=>e(e s(r'viD (e0o s n'"vo# in.pirov 06 rovn -o -o vysve(0iD6 s$d0o 0e!o nosi1 du.e v .iro-o# s0ov "#ys0e. V.eo!ecne& v/-onnos(i (e0o pre du.u po(o# "or diD pod2 oso!i(n/ch 1 s($6 or<'nov6 -on1 ($n6 (e0esn/ch sys(#ov so s0u>! #i n oso!i(n %1e0yK n s0edu&e h2 dis- !ude nes-=r hovoriD o s$d0o du.e v u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e. Tie(o v/r "y6 du.e s$d0o v .ir.o#6 u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e pre&udi-ov 0 ni16 ( - d0ho6 -o oni s% v>dy ch'p n ( -6 -o s% (u de3inov n. A& -eT s du. v s-u(o1nos(i # 0o !yD pods( (n &ednoduch' !y(osD6 10ove- !y v. - ce0 (e0o #=>e d D svo&e s$d0o v (% ur1en' .ir.o# "#ys0e6 -o p 0'c 0e!o ce0/ - pi('0 s n "/v s$d0o -r'2 6 !e" (oho6 !y #ys0e0 ( -6 >e >e sed$ n -(oro#-o2ve- #ies(e v h0 vno# #es(e. ?ed"i(/# !y s #oh0o "d D s0edov 0 !0i>.ie6 >e nie ce0 (e0o pre " chov nie (oh(o sve( du.evnho >ivo( v/"n #ne prispiev -o nohy6 nos6 u.i #noho T 0.$ch 1 s($ (e0 #o>no re" D !e" # (eri'0no u&#u du.e >i&e du. s(r (y6 & -eT do (e& #iery6 poci(6 -eT ich von- &.ie po#=c-y pre -on( -( s von- &.$# sve(o#6 s oh2 do# n -on nie n ne s s(r (i 6 !e" (oho6 !y v. - (rp$ ich >ivo( schopnosD !e" srdc &e n ru.en/. Ter " v.e(-o6 "d' s 6 >e vy0%1enie (/ch(o 1 s($ sed d0 du.e u> v .ir.o# s0ov "#ys0e po " vedene& n'"ory h2 d D (% 1 sD6 -(or' ne#=>e !yD "ni1en' s # o se!e6 0e!o "#i"ne6 0e!o s #=>e u!%d D vo svo&e& 1innos(i6 !e" (oho6 !y sve(s- du. >ivo( \e<3 00e 0e!o v/"n #ne !y !yD ro"!i(/. T -' 1 sD (e0 eO-0u"$vny v/"n # pre " chov nie neru.en% eOis(enciu (oh(o sve( duchovnho >ivo( &e ne#o>no n'&sD. S-=r6 1o &e pr vd o ru-y6 nohy6 nos6 u.i6 " - >de& 1 s(i (e0 6 do-onc & #o"<u6 -de s "ni1enie nie0en T 0e-o ro!$ n r "6 1o &e "'s dn/ 3 -(6 >e cF (e&(o - pi(o0y uveden podro!ne&.ie v se-ci'ch !ude uveden6 -de s vys-y(u&e n &#5 v/"n #. * op -6 #=>e !yD "ru.en' n po"e#s-/ >ivo( du.e po#ocou "'s hov - >dho !odu6 - >d' s(r n 6 - >d/ sys(# (e0 vyr'! pri " po&en$ s s( ne 0en dosD T 0e-o6 0e!o v spr'vne& 3or#e si0e. V (o#(o pr$p de v. -6
nie-(or 1 s(i s% d=0e>i(e&.ie T 0e-o6 ne> os( (n6 - "ni1enie 0e!o n ru.enie rovn -ho &ednoduch.ie s( <n'cii 0e!o n ru.enie 1innos(i "vy.n or< nic- s(ro& nesie v rovn -o# ro"s hu 0e!o s(upni ne> inK 0e ro"die0 &e v.e(-o i! re0 ($vn 6 nie !so0%(n . Tie> schopn/ (/ch 1 s($ (e0 6 -(orho in(e<ri( &e n &d=0e>i(e&.ie s "d' pre >ivo( eOis(ov D >iv i 0en v s%vis0os(i ce0-u6 (ed d0hu&e #ies(o o"n'#iD i# in\ohnendes v se!e >ivo(n/ princ$p6 -(or/ n vy.e v por d$6 ich >ivo(y 0en do s%vis0os(i s "vy.o-K ( ->e ( # &e v>dy -on(eO( so0id ri(y6 n 1o# "'0e>$ ve2 . A- "hrnie#e (ie(o v"D hy6 (ed i# " ri di#e s po v.eo!ecn/ch !odov ni>.ieP s( D in(er -ciu v.e(-/ch 1 s($ (e0 - #oci6 !y s du. vo svo&o# >ivo(e (oh(o sve( 6 du. - s0u>!'# &e ( -' so0id ri( 6 >e - >d/ n &#en.$ > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 & v51.i 1 sD #=>e !yD repre"en(ov n/ os( (n/#i6 0e!o do-onc ce0/ "vy.o-. Pre(o6 "ni1eniu nepre-r 1u&e r'#ec ur1i(/ch #ed"i ch6 ( ->e & dos( (o1n pros(ried-y pre repre"en('ciu "ni1en s% v2 vo6 du. nec$(i nev/hodu. ; druhe& s(r ny6 0e # &e(oso0id ri(y " s(%penie die0ov s "vy.u&e - >d/# # 0/# ni1eni 6 r d nervov/ sys(# ovp0yvniD6 0e!o nie6 os0 !i0 v ich si0'ch6 pre %dr>!u servis du. v (o#(o sve(e6 v pr$p de6 >e "ni1enie " ch'd" pr$0i. T 0e-o ne#o>n6 !y & "d n0ivo indi3eren(n/ "'s hy6 0e " (i 2 nie &e 2 hos( &n6 -o s od(er " 0en #en.ie nov/ pos(up &e po(re!n6 !y po-r 1ov nie >ivo( ne#o>n/6 0e!o \esen(0ichs( s0u>ie! pre du.e v >ivo(e s-r'(ene& vidieD. V (o#(o pr$p de6 nie-(or 1 s(i # &% v51.$ v/"n # -o os( (n -o pre po-r 1ov nie >ivo( 6 s% s0u>!y v >ivo(eK eO-0u"$vny6 ni-(o. Pod2 s 1 s($ or< ni"#u n "'-0 de ich podo!nos(i6 podo!nos(i o!do!n/ch po"$ci'ch s% vhodn pre v's pre(i hnuD svo&u v/-onnosD pre du.e6 -(or &u podporu&% s%1 sne6 o!e ru-y6 nohy6 o1i6 u.i6 p2%c 6 o!0i1-y6 #o"o< po0ovice n - >de& s(r ne - >d/ prs(6 v - >do# p2%c6 &edno(0iv 0veo0y. a/# v.e(-y 1 s(i6 -(or #=>u !yD " s(%pen6 s% %p0ne ch/! 6 &e 3un-ci ro"de0en' #ed"i ni#i 0e!o #ed"i ni#i prep$n DK p d' &eden pre1 ( - #us$ druh/ dod D po> dov n/ v/-on s'# pre&sD6 " -/ch o-o0nos($ #=>e e.(e !yD vy-on n dos( (o1ne 0e!o nedos( (o1ne. V s%0 de s druhou ru-ou6 -o die0y n %1e( svo&e& r="norodos(i nerovnho pos( veni &e #ene& pr vdepodo!n6 >e s s #i " s(upov D6 s n v"'&o# dopHU &%6 !y s0u>!y6 -(or #=>e !yD vy-on n nie-(or/# " nich s #os( (ne. V (o#(o oh2 de6 v51.in po0o>iene& - rovn - nerovn/6 %1ino- o!och Prin"ip -o#!in'cii6 nie-edy s prev hou &edne&6 nie-edy in/. Ceden !y si #oho0 #ys0ieD6 >e rovn -/ n'"or6 1o po1$( D ce0 n .e (e0o -o (e0o n .e& du.e v .ir.o# s0ov "#ys0e6 !y (ed nech D s o1 -'v 6 >e ce0/ sve( - (o#u6 !y ce0' n . (e0 6 !e" (oho6 !y &eho -on(eO(6 0'(-y "#ene e3e-( so "vy.-o# sve( rovn -o -o # 0/ &e schopn/ " chov D >ivo( du.e v (o#(o sve(e6 s0%>iD %1e0u (oh(o >ivo( 6 -eT n'. #o"o< nervov/ sys(#6 !e" (oho6 !y &eho -on(eO(6 0'(-y e3e-( "#eny so "vy.-o# (e0 K princ$p " s(%penie dop0nenie 1 s(i do prev'd"-y svo&u du.u 0en vo v51.o# #er d0e vo sve(e6 rovn -o -o v n .o# (e0e do- "u&e p0 (n6 (o v s%vis0os(i s (/#6 1o &e pr vd 6 v n .o# (e0e6 ( ->e & ch/! &%ce 1 s(i n'.ho (e0 n #o>no n hr diD do is(e& #iery po#=cD s o-o0i(/# sve(o#. A0e v (o# v.e(-o# "os('v poh2 d6 -(or/ ro!$ (o vy"er D6 >e n .e du.e n .e (e0o v
prednos(no# v"D hu pred "vy.-o# sve( . Du. ne#=>e eOis(ov D !e" "vy.-u sve(ovo# -on(eO(e6 v (e&(o hre s #o"re&#eK 0e - s0 !ne s -r " (oh(o sve( 6 ro"-0 d' i! 1 sD sve( 6 #us$#e 0en pre(o vy"v 0 n .e (e0o6 nie "vy.o- sve( 6 ( &e pre nich 0en &eden6 0e "'roveU & T 0.ie spe-(y6 pre1o n .e (e0o O1 -'v s n .e& du.e. Dop0no- - pred(/# dis-u(ov 0i n d=0e>i(/ 3 -(6 >e po"e#s-' eOis(enci n .e& du.eL>ivo( nie &e v/r "ne vi " n/ n eOis(enciu &edne& -on-r(ne& 1 s(i (e0 6 0e -on(eO( so0id ri( (e0 6 #' druh/ d=0e>i(/ 3 -(6 >e ne!o0 n po-r 1ov nie ur1i(e& 0'(-y v (e0e 0e6 >e &e #ies(o spo&en s #e( !o0i"#o# v (e0e. Rovn -/ du. s .$ri pos(upne n sor(i#en( s('0e nov/ch # (eri'0ov n 6 0e!o ( # s% v>dy nov # (eri'0y pri "os( vov n$6 -u -(or#u &e du. vi " n'6 s ods(r'nen$# s( re&6 ( ->e s s-0 d' " (e0 s( rho #u> od v.e(-/ch os( (n/ch 0'(o-6 -o dieD . Tie> !erie >ivo( du.e v s%0 de s re"-o #e( !o0i"#u - se!e n ni#'ciu. Pre(o &e rovn -o presved1iv/ poved D6 du. >ivo( &e vi " n' n po-r 1ov nie 3y"ic- "#eny -o 3y"ic-e& -o#pi0'cie -o hin\iederu#6 >e v/#en n po-r 1ov nie du.e >ivo( . Ter " #=>e !yD ponech n n - >do#6 s-u(o1n v"D hy #ed"i !es( nd (e0 du.e6 n -(or s do(er " spr'v 0 "&edno(iD pod v"orco#6 -(or/ su# ri"u&e 3 -(y -r'(-o6 0en (o6 >e !ud% v>dy ch'p D vy-0 d D v s%0 de so s-u(o1nosDou . A ( - so# s pou>iD6 -eT &e (o o('"- s0edov D po#er "'vis0os(i n s#ere du.e - (e0u6 rovn -o -o v"orce6 >e du. &e princ$p prepo&enie 3y"ic-e& "0o>enie6 3y"ic- "#eny od0i.nos(i v"h2 do# - 1innos(i # (e0 6 !ude pre(o pr've poved 06 ni1 vi c6 ne> (o6 1o predch'd" &%ce 3 -(y n'# hovori . *ie-(o in/ #=>e n'&sD (o ove2 pohod0ne&.ie6 s n'# (o p'1i inde6 - &e usi0ov D o v"'&o#ne& "'vis0os(i #ed"i du.ou (e0o# v op 1no# s#ere6 s oci(n% pohod0n du.e 0e!o duchovnho >ivo( s-=r -o v/s0edo-6 pre(o>e -o ver-nYp3endes princ$pe 3y"i-'0ne "0o>enie se-vencie diver<enci vysve(0iD6 (o &e (o po(re!n nie &e povo0en #ene&6 pre(o>e (/#(o v/r "o# " se 0en ni1 in (re! poved D6 ne> (o6 1o 3 -(y n'# hovori . A& -eT &e ro"die0 #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# druh#i vy& drenie #=>e "d D 3i0o"o3ic-y ve2#i d=0e>i(6 0e!o oni !o0i v 1e0e &ednos(r nn/ 3i0o"o3ic-/ch sys(#ov6 0e!o spo&en #e( 3y"ic-/ch preds('v o pov he du.e v Uo#6 0e "#i"ne v >i dos(i o 3 -(ic-6 " predpo-0 du6 ver-nYp3endes princ$p po(re!n (ie> pre ce0/ r d -(or' ich sp'& 6 v d=s0ed-u ( -e&6 " -(or/ch &e "re&#6 ( - " (oho6 pre(o>e (o &e nie1o6 1o &edno(n' v po#ere - po(ru!iu6 -(or &e s%1 sDou &eho eOis(encie. N (T( 9 , kap. 1) /a&eden &/orce, .e d,c(o&n' &n7torn' &/()ad, -o e to, -o na&onok sa a&0 ako fy/icky, tieto &/orce spo i+ s faktick(o ()adiska, ktor2 predsta&, e &n7torn7 J,b*ik2cie ,niform, a*ebo / ednod,8en', to, -o od*i8, e na &onka 80 &/()ad & mno(osti s2m: Jokia) ide o to, -o sa a&0 ako smerom &on kompo/itn' ner&y proces,, m5.e sa &n7torne ako ednod,c(' pocit. Pre du 0is(ic- -oncepcie #on do0o<ic 0 o! v/r "y nie s% spo-o&n$ v=!ec6 s% " d r#o po(o# vy& driD rovn -/ch s-u(o1nos($ v ich prospech !y u" (voriD predpo-0 d' oso!i(n du.e 0'(- 0e!o ?on d de#<e#5Ae s$0 v"D hov - (e0u. To &e v.e(-o6 ne#=>e#e op -ov D dosD6 !e" oh2 du n "vo0en% prie!ehu .(%di (u6 &eden nechce vyvod"ov D " v/r "u6 0e i! " 3 -(ov.
Ce nepochy!n6 >e #o>no po0o>iD o('"-u6 1i nie &e 0en sp=so!6 -o or< nic-/ sys(# n'.ho (e0 vedo#e& #ys0e -o ver-nYp3endes princ$pu 0e!o v/s0edo-6 0e!o en(e0echy6 0e!o prednos(n ?O*zDA6 0e!o "v0'.(ne 0'(-y6 v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i s chce veriD6 nesie v se!e6 rovn -/ p0 ($ do ce0ho sve( 6 - &e (er " du. n .e (e0o s von- &.$# sve(o#6 po# 0y vy#enen6 - nie s#rD &e 0en r/ch0e&.i "#en !yd0is- 6 v -(oro# vy#eni0i s( r %"-e (e0o n r " s inou. V s-u(o1nos(i6 v prirod"en/ch 3i0o"o3ic-/ch n'!o>ens-/ch %v h ( - n 0E<ie6 hoci pod2 #=&ho n'"oru s re'0ny# 3%<y6 (vrdiDK 0e (o nie &e n . %0oh (uK ;os( ne#e (u n s('n-u6 -(or/ &e pred#e(o# T 0.ie pri #e s-%senos(i. b; s$3,o 36#! v 64#o/ s,ova )/'s,!. ;o v"D hu pod#ienenos(i #ed"i sve(s-ho >ivo( !es( nd n .e& du.e (e0 v.eo!ecne ce0-u6 -(orho s#e "ri di0i po&e# odu.evnenosD One du.e sed d0' v .ir.o# s0ov "#ys0e6 &e po#er .peci3ic-e& pod#ienenos(i #ed"i vedo#/#i proces#i n .ich du.$ s%visi cich 1innos($ n .e& Te0o s od0$.iD. Hovor$#e du.u n >ive ( d0ho6 -o on #' schopnosD produ-ov D & vy vedo#i 6 !e" (oho !y ich pre(o v>dy vedo#/6 pre(o>e s-=r s(ried vo sp$ pre!ud$. Ter " &e po(re! (/ch(o 3y"i-'0nych pod#ieno- pos(upov6 -(or s% s%hrnne o"n 1ov n -o v.eo!ecn pod#ien-y pre " chov nie (oh(o sve( du.evnho >ivo( pre!udenie sp'no- opr'vnene so0id ri(y s%visi cich >ive& 1innosD ce0ho (e0 s ni pri!0$>iD "v0'.(ne pod#ien-y pre udr> nie !de0os(i6 -(or/ -o #us$ up0 (niD "v0'.(ne pod#ien-y vedo#i 6 - vedo#ie &e ( # s ni#i #i"n%6 0e -(or s #y o se!e #=>u v"ni- D eOis(ov D 0en n "'-0 de (oho v.eo!ecn/ch >ivo(n/ch pod#ieno-6 po> dov D (o is( &eho s( vu povrchu. To sp'n-u !deni s% n o" & n v.e(-o s%vis$ s 3y"i-'0ny#i pod#ien- #i6 pod2 (oho6 -o #=>u !yD poch/!K -o (0 - n #o"<u6 sp'n-u sp=so!iD 3y"ic-/ 1in n podv 0#i #=>e pre!udiD &e. Rovn -o -o "v0'.(ne pod#ien-y vedo#ie pohy!u&e i! 1 sD >ivo( 6 0e v.eo!ecne ce0% >ivo(nosD6 ( -6 >e 0en 1 sD (e0 6 0e (o po ce0o# (e0e6 >e s% pr$1inou s('0e u 2ud$ "vier (' -(or # &% nervov/ sys(# #o"o<6 "v0'.(ne pod#ien-y vedo#ie prednos(ne pred in/# or<'no# v nervovo# sys(#e s sn >i n &#5 #o"<u6 -(or #=>e#e vidieD v u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e6 T 0e& 0en -o s$d0o du.e 0e!o vedo#i 6 " (i 2 1o e.(e v n s0edu&%cich 1 s(i ch v (e&(o - pi(o0e oso!i(ne& !yD prero-ov n/ O('"-ou os('v 6 1i du. u>.ie sed d0o ur1i(% 0o- 0i"'ciu v r'#ci nervovho sys(#u6 respe-($ve #o"o< !o0 s('0e e.(e schopn/6 -o (o nie &e pr vd " in/ch (vorov6 -o 10ove- &e& spri "nen/#i oso! #i (vorov. Tre! ro"0i.ov D u>.ie du.e " p dn% do druhe& v (o# "#ys0e pr've uvedenho6 nervov/ sys(#6 respe-($ve #o"o<6 0e!o &eho ur1i(' 1 sD v 10ove- vy..$ch "vier (6 udr>i v D ho6 &e v d=s0ed-u (/ch(o s-u(o1nos($. ,! (ie 1 s(i (e0 6 -(or s% pos-y(ov n s nerv #i6 -(or s% ci(0iv6 0en vp0yv n n .e nervov/ sys(# -o podne(y v"D hu&% s n pos(ihnu( nervy s('0e do #o"<u6 -(or pre!%d" &% poci(. eu!ovo2ne pohy!0iv die0y s% pred#e(o# vp0yvu v=0e 0en v(edy6 - s% spo&en s #o"<o# nervy v -on(eO(e. * op -6 v. -6 #o"o< nevy> du&e s('0u v"D h s -on-r(ny#i 1 sD #i (e0 0e!o nervu n v/ro!u 1innos(i6 -(or s% sprev'd" n & vy vedo#i 6 ( - d0ho6 -o >ivo( #o>nosD ( -/ch & vov &e v.eo!ecne " chov n'.Pros(redn$c(vo# "ni1enie
.peci'0nych nervov 0e!o ich 1 s($ #o"<u6 -(or s% spo&en6 si #=>e(e vy"dvihn%D # &e(o- -on-r(ne e#Ecie6 nie "ni1enie T 0.$ch 1 s($ (e0 . ?ene& d=0e>i(6 -eT hovor$ & o ce0-u6 v rovn -o# "#ys0e6 &ednou ru-ou6 pri& (e2nosD r="nych #o"<ov/ch 1 s($ nepori do- s0u>ie! pre .iro-% duchovn/ >ivo( por%ch s% po"orov nie por%ch v.eo!ecnho in(e0e-(u'0neho >ivo( 6 v "'vis0os(i n "r nenie 0e!o ochorenie #o"no 1 s(o prinies0 #ies(ne& por nenie 0e!o ochorenie #o"<u6 " (i 2 1o n druhe& s(r ne6 ($6 -(or$ #=>u & poruchy in/ch or<'nov se-und'rny vp0yv #=>e !yD od=vodnen' n #o"<u. * -oniec6 s('0e si " s0%>i po"ornosD6 >e vedo#ie #=>e !yD pri #o -o#pen"ov n/ (0 -o# n #o"<u6 0e v >i dne& ine& 1 s(i6 s v/ni#-ou pr$p dov6 s( <n'ciu -rvi v #o"<u6 -(or' v"ni-' (/#6. B$# !0i>.ie du. s$d0i T 0e& nie &e n vono- pro(i6 0e &e s'# o se!e 0en 1 sD druh'. To #=>e !yD dosi hnu( 0en pros(redn$c(vo# &eho spo&eni s os( (n/#i 1 sD #i &eho T 0.ie %spechy n vedo#ie6 " (i 2 1o on s'# &e nevyhnu(nou s%1 sDou pri so0id ri(e )onneOion T 0.ieho. ;#eny v %"-ych du. #ies(6 -(or s% doprev'd" n vedo#i 6 #=>e !yD &ednoducho nes%visi ce se-vencie vo "vy.n/ch 1 s(i ch druhe& hineiners(rec-en6 -(or v. -6 pod2 (oho6 -o s dos( D von !0i>.ie6 ce" vedo#ieK n op -6 podne(y6 -(or pre&d% druhe& du.e sed d0'6 ni1 vi c poci(6 vedo#ie6 pre!udiD6 pre(o>e > s dos( n% do du.e u>.ie #ies( . V (e&(o s%vis0os(i s#e s 6 psycho#o(oric- " vo0 D 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 s -(or/#i duchovn s% v pri #o# 3un-1nho v"D huK ( - !ude #=cD niesD (o(o 0en vedo#ie6 - pre-ro1$ ur1i(% %roveU si0y6 pr hu6 -o !ude podro!ne&.ie pop$s n' v - pi(o0e o sp'n-u !deni n "'-0 de 3 -(ov6 #=>e#e v ces(e %p0ne& ne"n 0os(i pov hy psycho#o(oric- o"n 1u&% -(ivi(u do %v hy pre n s0edu&%ce ro-ov ni do(er "6 0e v.eo!ecne 1 s pre!uden$ -o 1 s u>.ie sed d0o ne> du.e 1 s(i (e0 6 -de psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y s% schopn$ pre-ro1iD pr h. To #=>e s('0e is(6 1i s v=!ec ch/! &%ce po1 s sp'n-u v in/ch 1 s(i ch (e0 6 0e!o s% 0en pod pr ho#6 - (o6 1o " nich pres hu&e pr hov% hodno(u6 ni ne#=>e "#eniD " #es(n nie. Tie(o .peci3ic- o('"-y vy> du&% oso!i(n/ pries-u#6 (o6 1o nie &e6 !y pri& 0i (er ". %; o1+)ka "!3no36%h5ho a,!bo ro)#$r!n5ho >2)k'; / !s1 36#!. EOis(u&%ce od- "u&e n ve2#i v.eo!ecn pod#ien-y6 -(or s% #ene& 2 h-o h'd-e o s-u(o1ne&6 -o &eho vy& drenie6 in(erpre('ci pou>i(ie v 3i0o"o3ic-ho "'u&#u !y #oh0i v"ni-n%D6 spor6 -(or/ s ne(/- &% n's (u. A0e (er " s dos('v #e - o('"-e sporn s-u(o1nos(i n &d=0e>i(e&.ieho "'u&#u psychophysics6 n d -(or/#i ne#'#e sporu v. - do(-o06 (o n (o2-o6 >e (ie> ne#o>no pos(upov 0 !e" ro"hodnu(i . Ce dohodnu(6 >e nie &e ce0 (e0o &e v rovn -o# v"D hu s v"D hu&e n du.e6 du.e !0i>.ie sed 1- &e v0 s(ne e.(e -cep(ov D. A0e po (o#6 1o spe-(y6 -o T 0e-o &e o!#ed"iDb V #ies(e6 0e!o nieb V &edno# #ies(e6 s #o"re&#e6 >i dny pohy! #=>e uro!iD6 -de6 0e pohy!y du.e s% vo 3un-1no# v"D hu s 3y"ic-/# pohy!o#6 #ies(o (/ch(o pohy!ov6 -(or # &% n #ys0i du.e u>.ie sed d0o6 !odov/L -o du.u sed d0o spredu vy"er' priori vyhn%D. A0e - ( -(o hnu(i ne#=>e po-r 1ov D v !ode6 #=>u " 1$n D -on1iD v Uo#K (/# n s0edu&%ce d=0e>i(' o('"- P
;dvihni(e v.e(-y pohy!y6 -(or s% sp=so!en (/#6 psychic-e& pohono# v (e0e6 od ur1i(ho !odu (e0es 6 respe-($ve #o"<u6 v d=s0ed-u du.evne& 1innos(i6 #usi !yD v.e(-y presuny poci(y I 1o-o2ve- inho6 1o " du.e procesov &e 3y"ic-y o!#ed"en/F pre!udiD6 i! pri.0i n ur1i(o# #ies(e (e0 6 !y (i v !r'"deK 0e!o $sD pohy!y6 spo&en s du.evn podne(y6 poci(y6 #y.0ien-y6 #y.0ien-y6 v pods( (e 3un-1n/ v"D h do ur1i(e& #iery (e0 6 respe-($ve #o"<u6 rovn -o s .peci 0i"u&e n ich s( vu6 - &e (o .peci 0i"'ci -edy dosi hne 7F . B/v 0/ so# s -r'(-o6 -o &e poh2 d n &ednoduch/6 n "n 1ov D druh/ ve2-ou du.ou #ies(6 !e" (oho !y chce0 # D po#ys0enie n nie1o in6 ne> &e -(u'0ny po#er pr've (u dis-u(ov n.
7F
A& -eT so# 0e n s( viD v (o#(o s#ere >i dnu hr nicuK 0e pre(o>e >i dny v/s-u# (u pre!ieh o (o#6 do-onc & - >d/ poh2 d "os('v vo0i(e2n/ o (o# (u.
Tak /(f=a Oot/, na /2&a.ne 8ie /2st,pca po()ade / ednod,c('c( d,8e sedad*2, koncept ednod,c((o d,8a sed*a (o&or0 Z) \ "b,dete .iada+ o s0d*e d,8e\ p-e*om te to ot2/ky e ednod,c(2\ ponec(a+ ot&oren7 ot2/k,, -i e mo.n by+, pripada 7ca na nede*ite)nosti sk,to-n(o bytia ne ako priestoro&(o ro/sa(,, & /mys*e, & ktorom sa domnie&ame, .e e sc(opn' pri*o.i+ materi2* *2tky, a*e &8etky n2/ory s7 & =om m5., spo i+, .e a nero/80ren7 bytosti mo(o* dosta+ miesto &o &esm0re. 1/()adom k tom,, .e b,de k dispo/0cii, a. na miesto, kde s7 &8etky do my o potrebe c,d/0c( reprod,ko&a+ to, aby si to na dosia(n,tie e(o 7-innos+, a odkia) do/ad, s7 &8etky n2&r(y, o ktor'c( to priamo e(o oko*ia, nepriamo ce/ to in' s&et & po(ybe sady. Tento bod & miestnosti e miesto, kde m,s0me /ost7pi+ do non"priestoro& s&et pra&(o bytia n2 s+ (erect&o a &i/,2*ne bytosti, a & tomto /mys*e e ka.d' po()ad po&o*en, aby sa ,si*o&a*i o s0d*o d,8e, a ke_ ic( , aby mo(*a / miesta, aby prip,sti+ s7-asne ro/80renie priestoro&(o c(arakter, &er0. "
GF
#i-ro-o"#os A&6 M7QK podo!n "dr vo(n$-L.Psycho0. 77S
Po v/h2 d " &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies( &e 0en d=s0ed-o# "'vis0os(i6 s-=r ne> po ro"si h0e& s%1 sno# 0e!o s(ried vo# v"D hu #ed"i (e0esn/# du.evn/# hnu(i . Pod2 prvho poh2 du (o " 0en provo-ov D - ur1i(#u !odu 0e!o ur1i(ho !odu6 ( ->e "#eny du.e od (e0 n op - s% %spe.n6 vo 3un-1no# v"D huK po pos0edno# doch'd" - "#en'# v sys(#ove& pre#enne& pohy!ov6 -(or s% spo&en so "#en #i du. (o2-o si#u0('nne prev'd"-u. V "'vis0os(i n &edno# v"d'v ho0d &edn#u 0e!o in/ n'"or6 #us$ !yD ce0' -oncepci 6 pos-y(ov D r="ne 'no do is(e& #iery & #o>nosD vn%(orn psychophysics6 dis-usie o o('"-e #=>e !yD pre(o (u o!$sD v >i dno# pr$p de. A0e ro"hodnu(ie #us$ !yD pre n's " dvo&i(e& h2 dis- v prospech poh2 de " eOp n"$vn du.e #ies(6 " 3or#'0ne6 pre(o>e v/vo& vn%(orn/ch psychophysics &e #o>n 0en n ich !'"eKnu(n6 0e &e v/hodn6 >e h2 d &% psychophysics6 1o " ne& ro!$
vi c6 " !e"pe1iD6 !y psycho3y"i-y &e po(re!n d D prednosD v prie!ehu &ednho dU 6 1o ro!$ vi cK L ; vecn6 pre(o>e *eOus s-u(o1nosDou n%(i. For#'0ne v/hodou v51.e& %1innos(i pri poh2 de n o!rovs- du.e #ies(6 0e "'0e>$ s #o"re&#e spo0u s opods( (nenos(i ich vecn p0 (nos(i. T'(o v/hod s v. -6 nie &e priori v deU6 nie &e predpo-0 d D6 -o povo0iD. * op -6 poh2 d " &ednoduchho s$d0o du. &e s( r'6 &e ove2 ro".$rene&.i 6 s #=>u o!& viD v "'vis0os(i n ich v"D hu - poh2 du cen(r'0ne& &ednoduchho ch r -(eru du.e -o n &prirod"ene&.$ &e s'# o se!e "'s dn/ #o#en( v #noh/ch 3i0o"o3ic-/ch sys(#ov. A - (o nie &e in - !o0i 2 h-o -o#!inov D s & snosDou & sn/# vedo#$# ich predpo-0 dy d=s0ed-y i0us(rov n6 (o &e 0e v pos0edne& do!e s ( - v/re1nosDou6 vyn 0ie" vos(i6 "n 0osD vp0yv 3 -(y s(ru1ne&.$ d=s0ed-ov 3i0o"o36 pri rovn -/ch "'s(upcov 1 s eO -(n/ch vied MF s s( 0o6 vedec-' #edic$n &e vi " n/ n ve2#i " d0>en/6 po-i 2 ide o v"de0 nie nie-(or/ch h0 vn/ch pro!0#ov6 -(or !y ne!o0o vhodn " (oh(o d=vodu6 i<norov 0 ro"por (oh(o poh2 du6 0e!o 2 h-o poprieD. * 3i0o"o3ic-e& s(r ne o('"-u (er " !yD pri&$# n6 " (i 2 1o (u v de( i0eK 0e (o6 1o (u #us$ !yD "o s(r ny s-%senos($ re0ev n(n/6 !ude presne&.$ d D do sve(0 . *e"n'. # vidieD s'# se! v ro"pore s (/# ve2#i re.pe-(ov n/ch vedcov6 !y so# s "%1 s(Uu&%6 s -/# !y so# n &0ep.ie chcieD $sD do (e&(o o('"-y6 ru- v ru-e.
MF
+o("e6 0ie1i(e2s(vo. Psycho0 77R #i-ro-o"#os A&6 M7Q
Poh2 d " &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies( pos-y(u&e ur1i( n (o#ic-6 3y"io0o<ic- p (o0o<ic- po>i d v-yK poh2 d " ro"si h0e& du. #' r="ne sed die0K v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i s sch'd" &eden 0e!o druh/6 !ude(e6 - in - chce(e !yD veden' n "'-0 de s-%senos($6 # &% od0i.n/ n'"or6 0e!o s pripo&iD. Prv/ poh2 d vy> du&e ur1i(% cen(ru# i#pu0"ov6 druh' .iro-' .-'0 pohy!ovK Prv/6 -o &ednoduch pri #e ces(y #ed"i von- &.$# sve(o# du.e sed die06 -(or' dod'v D vyp%.D nie i#pu0"y6 pre(o>e spr cov nie "#ys0ov/ch vne#ov doch'd" i! v du.i6 druh' ve2-' -o#p0i-'cie sp=so!ov6 -o "0o>i( ces(e pohy!ov du.e " !e"pe1iD spr cov nie "#ys0ov/ch vne#ov v ne& spr'vne su(erne. Pre prv/ch "hodu&e s "ni1eni ur1i(e& # 0e& o!0 s(i #o"<u6 du. !e"pe1nho "o >ivo( K " druh ude0en' v pr$p de "ni1eni ne& -ho # 0e& 1 s(i #o"e !yD ro"de0en/ pod2 v=0e du.e do r="nych e3e-(ovK druh' &e ur1en' pre v.e(-/ch6 >e ro"0i.ov D #ed"i r="ny#i ces( #i hnu(i . a(o #=>e poprieD6 >e v.e(-y (ie(o po>i d v-y s-=r v "#ys0e poh2 de " eOp n"$vn 6 -o dodr>i v D &ednoduch du.e #ies(b ?o"o< &e do!re "n'#e6 -o o!rovs-' vr-o1 prep0e(en nervov dr'hy s ("v < n<0iov/ch or<'n#i preds( vu&%6 vypo1$( s d D #ies(o pre d0h% hern% "0o>i(/ch pohy!ov pre (v'rnenie "'vi(ov >e0e"nice .( r( < n<0ion (e0 -oncov !ody 0e!o spros(red-ov (e2s-/ s( nice !e" n (o#ic-e& #y.0ien- 6 nech s-u(o1nosD #=>e o!& viD nespo1e(n cen(ru# (e&(o cen(r 0i"'cie. * #ies(o (oho6 !y v.e(-y sen"oric- nervy "us(r h0en cen(ru# vy> ru&%ci v.e(-y #o(oric- nervy ( -/6 drjse0n 2udi 6
-(or$ dor "i n -o#p -(n #o"e s% ve2- #o"<ov he#is3ry6 -(or "r di0i n &v51.ie6 nie-(o chce %s(redn/ v/"n # pre >ivo( du.e6 -o vec ne#o>no poprieD s(%pencov &ednoduchho du.e sed d0 K Av. -6 oni s% dup0i-ov n. Ter " sed$ du.e v 2 ve& 0e!o pr ve& he#is3ryb !ud% sedieD #ed"i ni#i6 v epi3/"e6 nosn$-y6 #os(e6 0e!o in nep'rov/ 1 s($ #o"<u. A0e s #o"re&#e6 !y v.e(ci s(%penci &ednoduch du.e sed d0 P Desc r(es6 Her! r(6 +o(". *o6 %0oh &e ( - u2 h1enK rovn -o -o v ce0e& #o"e !yD "ni1en'6 !y "ni1i0 >ivo( (oh(o sve( . Prie#er An (o#ic-Lc 0 p (o0o<ic- n'hody !o0i " nepr'"dnen$ pre n's (%(o s0u>!u. A 1$# vi c po-usov pr$p dy s n hro# di0i6 (esne&.$ v/s0edo- !o0o "is(en6 >e popu0'rny nie &e - n'&deniu. #e/&'/namnos+ epif'/y, kde Descartes ()ada* ednod,c(' d,8, miesto pre .i&ot a inteDrit, d,8a e tak d2&no pre,k2/an2 pato*oDick'c( a fy/io*oDick'c( e6perimento& ,ka/, 7, .e no&8ie /2st,pco&ia ednod,c((o d,8e sedad*2 s7 /0ska&an / ne(o. N o()adom na bare nas*ed, 7c, pas2. / OonDet Jo_me a) s7 t,. "Oe corps ca**e,6 consei**e pe,t dans *!espYce (,maine o, moder2tor /*o/&yko& de Tres konform2cie"prononcs sans P,!i* res,*te ,n po,r *!entretien pr ,dice po/or,(odn' de *a &ie po,r *a o, *!e6ercice des pocity recepti&ite / (n,tia &o*ontaires. e6emp*es en p*,sie,rs fo,rnissent *a Jre,&e nepopierate)n'\ pomoco, sont ce,6 P,e rapportent Aei*, No**ey, QoerD, c(atty et JaDet ".
a)
OonDet, y Trait de p(ysio*. II, s. ZTa
Oot/e e nak*onen' s Ierbart ()ada+ s0d*o d,8e & mosta, ako & bare (119 ps med.): a na anatomick dispo/0cie mosta m2 tie. &'()ad / ro/sia(*e d,8e po me edn, / (*a&n'c( o(n0sk psyc(ick(o .i&ota, ednod,c(o ne&id0m edin7 a*ebo pos*edn' & ne a o-ak2&a+ &'/namn nar,8enie ic( /ranenia. OonDet (o&or0, .e & tomto o()ade (9nat et J(ysio* si syst nepr0 emn 9 , Ta[ ..)\ "9ko e dobre /n2me, pocit a po(yb stUpce miec(y, pred t'm, ne. &y.aro&a+ do mo/Do&'c( *a*oko&, -iasto-ne t'm, .e most, e )a(k stano&i+, .e por,8enie ro&nak, m,s0 r,8i+ transakcie / po(yb, a pocit. " 9*e on (o&or0, .e a po kompi*2ci, na =om s7&isiacic( fakto& a n2/oro&\ "Jre -,c(o&, &i/,2*ne, s*,c(o& a c(,+o& do my, nie e fakt, ktor' podporo&a* eden by sa od&2.i* &eri+, .e ic( perception!** na m< & mosta pre s+, ako e tom, & Tact,a* ": a "&y, &8ak m5.e &n0manie mosta neprik*ada 7 pr0*i8 &e)k' &'/nam a ma 7 predpok*ad k pre(nan /2&ery ..... Jri/n2m sa, .e to e pre m=a tera/ na &iac pra&depodobn, .e & prirod/enom IerDanDe /mys*o&'c( -innost0, ktor mo/Do& *a*ok,, iba -asti mo/D, s7, & ktorom poci+o&ane kone-n spraco&anie, kde sa m5.e predpok*ada+ ,r-it' t&ar poskytn7+ /&ierat2m s materi2*om pre ic( ro/(odn,tie. " 9 & tomto po()ade, (*aso&a+ pod)a ,)a(-i+"art kompi*2ci, anatomick'c(, fy/io*oDick'c( a pato*oDick'c( sk,to-nosti, pra&depodobne sa &<-8ina fy/io*oDo& s7(*asi+. N faktami &e)mi &8eobecn' ro/sa( & pos*edne dobe doc(2d/a, A,d. 3aDner b) proti centra*i/2cii d,8e sedad*2.
b)
LWttinD. D* %,m. 1[M` %eVs - M, str bb a nas*
"M5.ete " (o&or0 " , (o*,bo& (a*e tie. , kr2*iko&), na (o* a*ebo ,nentb*W@tem mo/D, pri po,.it0 &<-8ie(o po-t, os5b, /ni-i+ &8etky ednot*i& -asti mo/D,, s ednod,c(o, a*ebo na oper2ci, si&(o i(*o,, be/ to(o, ak nie e fat2*ne kr&2canie d5 de, s0ce -asto b'&a, na Ninnesper/eptionen a &y88ie psyc(ick f,nkcie (n2pady) /asta&i+ &ykon2&a 7cic( reakcie .... "Dokonca mo.no n2mietka, .e to bo*o &e)mi +a.k pre /&ierat2 ro/*08i+ reakcie na &edome sfre ref*e6n'c( po(ybo&, e, mys*0m, &y&r2ten2 po/oro&an0 , ),d0, ktor s7 na d5*e.ite 8ie, a*e na takto ot2/ky. "Oebo som na8ie* presn poro&nanie k*inick'c( sk7senost0 a q spr2&, m5.e sa sta+, .e &o &8etk'c( sa nac(2d/a & spodne -asti mo/D, -ast0, &r2tane nep2ro&2, ako (ypof'/y a pinea*, pato*oDick deDener2cia, 2no, &y/er2 to, .e 7p*n /ni-enie be/ -innosti d,8e &.dy &adi*o /ar2.a 7ce, a&8ak -asto sa 7p*ne /obra/en'. "Tieto d&e sk7senosti patr0, ak by tie. nema*i by+ po&a.o&an /a nepoc(ybn d5ka/y, aby sa to, a*e a. do kra nosti nepra&depodobn, .e & mo/Doc( spo*o-n(o pocit, priestor,, bodo&(o Nensori,m obec, ktor2 sa nac(2d/a. Xo, m,s0m pri/na+, ke_ som Co**ectio Kbmed/te s&o e skor8ie n2/ory , .e ,r-it mno.st&o d,8a a&o& e /ac(o&an2, ak e, ako e mo.n & (o*,bo&, &e)k', ma*' a odstr2ni -as+ stredn(o mo/D, sa /&ierat2 a .i&'. " To(o &e po(re!n dod D6 >e ( # s% "vier ('6 u -(or/ch &e pr$(o#n/ n (o#6 -de s pre#ies(niD s$d0o du.e >i dn nep'rov' 1 sD nervovho sys(#u. a >d' r cion'0ne ver"i &ednoduchho du.e sed d0' #usi #ys0ieD uspori d n sy#e(ric-y o (o#(o #ies( vo sy#e(ric-y pre %1e0y (e&(o sy#e(rie pohy!u "vier ('# (e0o. U 2ud$6 !y (o s('0e #o>nK v os(n (o-o>cov6 >e u> nie &e #o>n in - s$d0o du.e 0e>$ v nervovo# sys(#e. "%er&o&' systm ostnatoko.co& obk*op, e 7stredn' orD2n o &st,pe do (*tan, &o forme &8eobecne p<+bok'm ner&o&(o prstenca / ,(*o&, (*a&n ner&o& kmene & osi nosn0ka, a*ebo tie, ktor /odpo&eda 7 e6oske*eton pon2()a+ na opa-nom konci te*a sp,sti+ do*e .... DanD*i2 a. dotera/ (*tan, kr7.ky nesmie by+ &ykon2&an2. " (Ntanni,s "a Niebo*d e ,-ebnica. Joro&. 9nat d 1. &yd I, s [b) ?o>no do-'" D6 >e n (o#ischersei(s %s(redn/ !od 0e!o %"-y cen(r'0ny pries(or ne#o>no n'&sD6 -(or !y #oh0i !yD pov >ov n " s$d0o du.e ni16 (o &e 3 -(6 >e s pos(upne ( -#er - >d% 1 sD #o"e Desc r(es d 0 s$d0o du.e v epi3/"e6 Bon(e-oe6 + ncisi6 +ouis6 )hop r(6 Red S uce 0 Peyronie v (r'#ovK Di<!y v sep( 6 Vieussens v n &v51.e& o!0 s(i #iechyK Os( (n v "r -ovho nervu -opc K Os( (n v u"0e #o"<uK Ar n(ius v (reDo# 0e!e1ne& du(inyK @i00is v pruhov no# -opcochK Dre0incour( v # 0o# #o"<uK@h r(on Sche0h ##er n " 1i (-u #iechyK F !ri v "0o>eno# h0 vne& sie(eK ?ie< v #ieche. Tie(o n'"ory #=>u !yD ve2#i d=0e>i(ou s%1 sDou6 0e n &ro"u#ne&.ie -ri(i- &e 0en si ( - v.e(-o Tie(o n'"ory #=>u $sD6 &e6 >e " hod$ v.e(-y rovn -.
QF
Sj##erin<. ZNS
; predpo-0 du6 >e s !0i>.ie po"rieD n p (o0o<ic- s-%senos(i6 rovn - n prv/ poh2 d "d' pre"en(ov D i! ro"pory #ed"i se!ou. ; (i 2 1o nespo1e(n p (o0o<ic- s-%senos(i de#on.(ru&e d=0e>i(osD in(e<ri(y #o"ivo( 6 s "d' !yD ( -#er 2 hos( &n - ne#u po ve2-o# #no>s(ve T 0.$ch "'>i(-ov. ?ed"i n &re.pe-(ov ne&.ie po"orov (e0i pr$-0 dy r'n6 #5-nu(i 6 - 0enie6 Hyd (id n'&de(e o-re# inho de<ener'cie v #o"<u6 -(or !o0i do(er " & n prie- ve2#i .iro-/ .$riD !e" du.evne& poruchy v -o#!in'cii.O-re# inho # &% H 00er IE0e#. Physio0. ,V6 s. MM8F6 Arne #u> Iver. o #o"Tov n. zno Sj##erin< Iv. #o"<ov nervy ud s(r ZNNF uv'd" 6 >e ( -#er >i dn 1 sD #o"no nie-edy (vrdne !e" s(opy nev/hodu pre >ivo( #yse26 "r nen/6 vredy 0e!o "ni1enie !y !o0i n'&den. +en ( - si v.i#o0 Burd ch6 -(or/ s-o#pi0ov n/ v &eho pr'ci n "n'#ych pr$p dov #o"<ov/ch %r "ov !nor# 0i(y #o"e nie &e s%1 sDou d D v #o"<u6 -(orho !nor# 0i( nie &e nie-edy poruchy du.evne& 1innos(i !y # 0o " n's0edo-6 0e rovn -o do!re nie6 v &eho !nor# 0i(y6 -(ivi( du.e !y "os( 0i v po-o&i. IPorovn & & @ <ner &e ci(ov D v (o#(o oh2 de S. M9SF Ter " &e 1 s6 !y s poh2 d6 -(or/ rie.i "d n0iv ro"pory v (e&(o o!0 s(i6 nie &ednho6 -(or/ i# u#o>Uu&e eOis(ov D. Poh2 d " pr$0e>i(os(n/ch du.e sed d0 ne#=>e vyrie.iD (ie(o ro"pory6 0e #=>u eOis(ov D v p0ne& si0e. Bod6 # 0' 1 sD or< n6 o &eho "ni1enie 0e!o n ru.enie ur1i(e &eden r'd "ni1enie 0e!o po.-odenie (oh(o sve( duchovnho >ivo( 6 !y po(o# # 0 !yD prin &#en.o# po(re!n6 >e nie &e #o>n n'&sD. S # o se!e6 " (i 2 1o "d n0iv ro"pory v poh2 de " eOp n"$vn du.e sed die0 po#erne -on"is(en(n 2 h-o rie.iD v "#ys0e in/ s%1 sne& do!e v or< ni"#e " ri deni ch. A-' &e pr vd o v.e(-/ch os( (n/ch du.$ sed d0'6 p0 ($ 0en rovn -o do!re pre &eho h0 vn 1 s(i6 u>.$. aeT &e pr v' p2%c "ni1en'6 #=>e(e s('0e c$(iD v2 vo6 -eT dv & " &ednho -usu &e "ni1en'6 #=>e(e s('0e c$(iD s os( (n/#i. T - dve o1i6 u.i6 ru-y6 )o00 (er 0<e35Ae h0 vne& n'do!y #=>u (T v ich %spechy dopHU D "'roveU " s(upu&e. T - #o>no n %1e0y (oh(o poh2 du " eOp n"$vn du.e -resie06 dvoch po0ov$c #o"<u6 do-onc > do ur1i(e& #ed"e 1 s($ rovn -ho #o"<u6 ( d0h -o ( - preds( vu&% (% s% si0n. A- nie6 po(o# po1%v D #o>nosD " s(%penie6 v (o#(o oh2 de s% #o>n vo v.e(-/ch pr$p doch v "'vis0os(i n pre#enn/ch %s( vy6 "dr vo(n/ s( v6 predch'd" &%ce po.-odenie #o"<u6 -(or s o!& vu&%. V F0ourens[chen eOperi#en(y s odre" n$# (er " &eden6 po(o# o!e #o"<ov he#is3ry s% eOperi#en('0ny d=- " pre (%(o #o>nosD " s(%penie v"h2 do# n du.evn "dr vo(n s0u>!y6 d D "'roveU u-'" D nes-=r6 &ednoduch/ do-u#en( pre vysve(0enie de0i(e2nos(i ni>.$ch "vier ( "dvo&n'so!enie du.e " h2 dis- poh2 du n o!rovs- du.e #ies(6 -(or v. - od &ednoduch/ch du. sedenie 0en "v/.iD ( &o#s(vo D >-os(i v "#ys0e poh2 du. Cedin' vec6 -(or' s "d' hovoriD n prv/ poh2 d " pr Oe s(r nu pre poh2 d "
&ednoduch/ch du.e sed die0 #=>e vy..ie dis-u(ov n/ 3 -(6 >e #'#e (o2-o die0ov6 ru-y6 nohy s('0e #=>e s(r (iD ove2 vi c " n'.ho (e0 6 !e" (oho6 !y duchovn/ >ivo( >ivo( n ni1 in pr$sD -o eO(ern/ po#ocn n's(ro&e6 "d' s 6 >e nie-(or nervov/ sys(#6 (u n &#5 #o"o< (vor$ -r! n 1innosD6 -(or' &e n du.i -(ivi(y v ne& -e& prednos(n v"D h6 >e do-onc & #o"o< e.(e (o(o ( #(o #=>u !yD ods(r'nen !e" in(e<ri(u >ivo( du.e (rpi K pre(o>e (o #=>e !yD vy-0 d n v (o# "#ys0e6 >e s -one1ne pr$sD v=!ec 0en o " chov nie n &vn%(orne&.ie pos0edn/ & dro -o "'-0 dn/ nosi1 du.evnho >ivo( 6 pos0edn'6 - # $sD v (o#(o "'vere &e &ednoduch !yD 2 h-o #ies(. *en .ie0 so# ni1 inho hovori0i s e.(e &edn/# %1(y pre &ednoduch du.e s$d0 s(r'n s-%senos($. A0e po(o#6 1o &eden .ie0 ( - T 0e-o so "'vero#6 >e &e "'-0 do# (oh(o "'veru6 prich'd" do pos0ednho #di 6 odopre(ie pod2 s-%senos($K " predpo-0 du6 -/# - >d' 1 sD #o"e !yD "ni1en/6 &e (o &ednoducho pr$0i. ve2 n r "6 !e" (oho6 !y du. L>ivo( &e "ni1en' 0e!o n ru.en'. Av. - !senci (oh(o ) ps(one6 ( - sp dne ce0/ o-ruh (ie> (ie s-u(o1nos(i6 -(or s "d 0o6 >e u> s dos( D in/ v/-0 d. * op -6 v/-0 d " h2 dis- poh2 du n o!rovs- du.e sed d0 ne#=>e !yD vy-on n' n e#piric-y v ce0o# or< ni"#e p0 (nho princ$pu6 0e "'roveU # D po> dov n% vyvrcho0enie v F0ourens[chen eOperi#en(ov & vov de0i(e2n/ "vier (. a/# ( # &e 3 -(6 >e #=>e(e pro(i (o#u6 1o predch'd" n prv/ poh2 d. Priese1n$predH>ene& #iechy6 (&6 0e>i c e.(e v 1 s(i 0e!-y6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(orho &e #o"o< spo&en/ #iechy6 prin'. 10ove- vy..ie "vier (' !e"pe1n n'h0 s#rD vyro!en. *e# 0 !y (u !yD -one1ne po"rieD do #ies( 0e!o h0 vne& s( ve 3y"ic-ho >ivo( v s$d0e du.e -o cen(ru#6 " !'v 16 #o(or (oh(o >ivo( b F0ourens SF s sn >i0 !od v predH>ene& #ieche6 ce" &eho poru.en$# 0e!o s-r cov nie "u!ov6 1i n'h0e& s#r(i s vy-on'v n !0i>.ie ur1iD6 "is(i06 >e (o !o0o 0en .pend0$-ove& h0 vi1-y ve2- . r>e .ede& #o"<ove& h#o(y6 .pi1- v (v re V .ede& h#o(y v "o!'- ("v Ca*am,s scriptori,s, s -(orou .(vr(e& du(iny 0e!e1ne& prech'd" do chr!(ice6 -(or s# 00 h#o(nosD 8F pov >ov 0 (en(o ich v/hr dn/# v0 s(n$c(vo# pripisu&e /2sadn' bod 0e!o %oe,d d5*e.it hovory. Pros(redn$c(vo# "n$>eni &e 0e!o !odnu(ie si # 0/ (ro- r rempora"k,ss 6 -o s v predH>ene& #ieche A6 -(or >ivo( u"o0 &eden6 rovn -/ o-o0i( -ruhov/ re" od "vy.-u predH>ene& #iechy s odde0$6 ( - p d' pod2 &eho in3or#'ci$6 "vier 6 -o !y udre0 !0es- n "e#6 dych6 nie-edy srdce pohy!u n'h0e "v/.i06 "vier &e #g(ve ( -#er !e" -g1ov !o0es($6 " (i 2 1o re"y pred po (o#(o u"0e #=>e pre(rv'v D & & vy >ivo( 6 -o d/ch nie srdcove& 1innos(i. Pod2 F0ourens6 v"di 0enosD #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# hr nic #i6 -de re" s('0e de&% !e" predch'd" &%ceho ods(r'neni d/ch ni 6 -rvnho o!ehu6 (/# proces >ivo( 6 (/#(o prie#er >ivo(e u"0 6 so(v &eden ri do-. zno6 (o u- "u&e ce0is(vosD (e&(o # 0e& 1 s(i -o pod#ien- >ivo( d=0e>i(e&.ie -o ce0/ #o"o<6 v rovn -/ch "vier ( pod2 ce0ho ve2-ho #o"e !yD ods(r'nen/ s ! "'0nych < n<0i$6 s% !e" d/ch ni srdcove& 1innos(i6 "#enen pri #o6 0e!o do-onc po" s( ven'. O-re# (oho6 F0ourens h0'si0 n eOis(enciu (oh(o u"0 v predH>ene& #ieche s v.i#o06 >e s-u(o1nosD6 9F6 (/- &%ce s 6 >e -eT -r1#y " dn/ch #iechov/ch nervov/ch -oreUov pr$1in >i dne "n'#-y poci(u6 -r1#y predn/# >i dny v51.$ pohy! v nes("iu v(herein (#un< psy6 0e s('0e "n #enie !o0esD sv 0ov -on(r -cie s% vn$# n v o!0 s(i -r-u6 - -neip( predH>ene& #ieche 0e!o do&e#n/ 7NF 6 n'h0e " s( venie v.e(-/ch d/ch c$ch pohy!ov6 (/#(o
n'h0e& p0n' s#r(i6 - s po(o# e.(e prep0'v >ivo(n u"0y6 -(or s in(erpre(u&e ( -6 >e >ivo( u"0o# e.(e >iD T 0e&6 -edy >ivo( !o0 u> in - ce0' #iech po(0 1en' e(heris (ion. Konieckonco& Q*o,rens po&a.o&an2 /a tento bod, a*ebo sk5r to nao/a ma* mno.st&o ako sk,to-n s0d*o .i&ota, (o&or0 okrem in(o\ "`n 1oit P,e ce bod, predn mote,r d, mcanisme respiratoire, et %oe,d d5*e.it, m5.ete Nysteme ner&e,6 (a,to to,t ce P,i, m5.ete NGNTHMH ner&e,6, /&y8ky ata8 CH bod,, &it, et to,t ce P,!on en Nepare, /omrie) n" est 9insi P,e XH *!ai bien Aepete / fois, pas a na&y8e Dros P,e *a Ttte d!,ne epinD*. " "C!est donc d!,n point, P,i n!est pas a Dros P,!,n Ttte d!epinD* /2&is0 P,e *a &ie d, systYme ner&e,se, *a &ie de *!/&ierat par d5s*edk,, en ,n s2m motor, *a &ie. " "Oes p(ysio*oDistes m!ont so,&ent de *e,r Demande indiP,er par ,n Terme anatomiP,e *a p*ace d, point presn2, P,e XH *e point %omme .i&otne d5*e.it." "Xe Oe,r rponds\ *a J*ace d, point /2sadn' est *a J*ace d, stan par *a Jointe de 1 *2tk, Lrise." "N,r *e c(ien &2s Cer&ea,, *!oriDine d, %erf pne,matick DastriP,e est b. Mi**ie. 9,"dess,s d, point /2sadn'. Cer&ea, N,r *e d, kr2*ik, *!oriDine d, %erf pne,matick DastriP,e est T Mi**ie. 9,"dess,s d, point /2sadn' . "
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Ce (o(i> nesporn6 (ie(o s-u(o1nos(i s "d &% !yD ve2#i " r'> &%ce6 po(o# !y ( - v ro"pore s n .ou vy..ie uveden vyh0'senie6 0e # 0' 1 sD6 &eho "ni1en$# 0e!o ods(r'nen$# >ivo( &e v do!r/ch ru-'ch6 (ie !y #oh0i !yD o (o vi c n -0onen/6 >e (u ver$ s sed d0' 0e!o pos0edn/ s( v (e0esnho >ivo( 6 "'roveU s$d0o du.e v horne& 1 s(i Ipo"ri vy..ieF uveden v/"n # (re! h2 d D6 pre(o>e -orene6 nie v.e(-y6 0e #noho d=0e>i(/ch nervov vr'( ne sen"oric-/ch nervov do predH>ene& #iechy6 v -(oro# %oe,d /2sadn' 0>i6 #=>u !yD s0edov n. Po !0i>.o# s-%# n$ v. - preds( vu&e & s-u(o1nosD6 -o v/-0 d s-u(o1nos(i ve2#i od0i.n6 ( ->e n #ies(o (oho6 !y po(vrdenie o poh2 de " &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies( !ude ( -#er pos0edn/# %(o1is-o# (o is( s # 0 "n$>iD o neho. Ce nesporn6 #=>e#e n o" & %oe,d d5*e.it, pod2 F0ourens in ro"si h0e s-%senos(i vidieD re0 ($vne n &#en.iu 1 sD6 "ni1enie n &!e"pe1ne&.ie "r "u sp=so!$ s#rD6 &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e s(%penci &ednoduch du.e sed d0' "os( D # 0% n'de&
n'&sD T 0.ie rovn -o # 0/ #o"o< hry6 -(or (u %oe,d /2sadn' priori(ou spor vyro!en. ?=>e s 0e & (o ("v >ivo(n u"0y s% %p0ne vyhu!en/ v r'#ci pri#er n/ch op (ren$6 !e" (e0 pres('v du.u >ivo(6 !ude#e -/#i-o2ve- in/#i .pend0$-ove& h0 vi1-y ve2-e& 1 s(i #o"no predpo-0 d D6 Irovn -o -o vy..ie uveden eOperi#en(y R. @ <ner "'#ero# pri #o hovoriDF6 pri"n'# s 6 >ivo( du.e ne# &% visieD v ur1i(o# o- #ihu6 0e v s%visi cich6 v -(oro# #=>e !yD - >d/ n &#en.i 1 sD " s(%pen druhe& n &#en.i 1 sD rovn -o# -on(eO(e. T - (o &e6 0e. V s-u(o1nos(i6 Bro\n Sedu rd #' 77F6 ve2#i po1e(n6 1 s(o s op -u&% upr ven/6 -o &e "n'"ornen po-usy n #or1 ('ch6 -r'0i-och psoch6 &eden %oe,d d5*e.it, #=>e "n$>iD so v.e(-/#i &eho o-o0i 6 0en (o nie n r " s (ro- ro# 0e!o s ve2#i r/ch0y -ruh re"y s s( 0o6 0e s po# 0/# veden/#i re"y6 1$# s " !r'ni n'h0e v'>ne podr'>denie (en(o !od v predH>ene& #iecheK po(o# #=>e d/ch D & pri "r/ch0en$ srdcove& 3re-vencie6 s n &vi c &edno"n 1n/ch pr$"n -ov poci(u svo&v=0e 1or " vi c 1i #ene& d0h'6 pre(rv'v &% v pri "niv/ch o-o0nos($6 do-onc & dn$. *'h0 s#rD6 n s( ne Xprev'd"-ov/ re>i# I do-onc & r/ch0e prie#ery predH>ene& #iechyF n F0ourens6 ne"'vis$ dis-usi$ Sedu rd v r="nych o-o0nos(i ch v se!e nevyhnu(n n ods(r'nenie (e&(o 1 s(i6 0e s-u(o1nosD6 >e nevyhnu(n o!do!ie r/ch0ych s(rihov podr'>denie rovn -/ To is( " s( venie dychu nie-edy & o!vod nesie -(or/ " nich po vy& dren$ Bern rd6 Bud<e6 Sdu rd dodr>i v nie d/ch nie 7GF #=>u !yD vyro!en < 0v nic-/# o(vor do predH>ene& #iechy d/ch c$ch nervy6 EH @e!er T 0.ie s oh2 do# n srdcov pohy!u.
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? < s (o(o vysve(0enie ro"die0neho %spechu !yD presved1iv6 0e!o nie6 (o ne#=>e# ro"hodn%D6 ( - s#e pos( 1$ (u s #o(n/ 3 -(6 >e %spech oper'cie &e nevyhnu(n' nie &e6 -o !y (o # 0o !yD v pr$p de6 -edy ("v %oe,d .i&otne d5*e.it 6 !y H0 vn s$d0o >ivo( du.e6 &e (re! h2 d D. #roVn NeP,ard &edie okrem in(o pok,s k (H6p. I1 p ZZ[), kde e6tirpierte dospe*(o kr2*ika s .i&otom ,/*o& s7-asne &8etky 1"t&ar, 8ede (moty, (rot / ktor'c( e .i&ot",/o*, a niektor oko*it bie*e (moty. D'c(anie bo*o miesto /asta&enia, mimoriadne /r'c(*i* tep tr&a*: _a*80 8irok' a&y takto\ "O!anima* est ^ Jeine +a.kosti et i* Marc(e JresP,e sans tit,ber (i* tit,bait da&antaDe a&ant *!ab*2cia d, point .i&otne d5*e.it, apres *a -as+ s&a*o& d, co,) Oa d'c(anie s!e6c,te a&ec a d !. 7si*ie P,!^ *!tat norm2*ne. moins d!,ne (e,re apres *!Kpration i* s&rab,. " De= potom, -o\. "I* sebe premen0 et i* *e &e,t prendre s7d *orsPn!on II nie semb*e y a&oir 9,c,ne
/men8enie de *a &,e et de *!konk,r/ Oes Mo,"&eroents &o*ontaires s!e6c,tent Oibre prostredie et *!ttre trYs /&ierat2c( komp*et. &iDonre,6. IIa manDe a&ec asse/ d!c(,+. " Dokonca a na c dn0 po oper2cii, /&iera sa sna.0 pre(Uta+, a*e m2rne: a ,miera & post,pne sa /&y8, 7ce 9t(embesc(Verde iba na 5sme miesto. 1 _a*8e , nie s7 (*2sen podrobne, pr0pad (s. ZTZ), #roVn NeP,ard &ide* kr2*ika oper2ci, 9 dn0 a nieko)ko (od0n na pre.itie. %ieko)ko _a*80c( pr0pado& s7 ,&2d/an ako pr0k*ady mno('c( kde e .i&ot s pr0/nakmi pocit, a dobro&o)n Ioci &.dy -as, tr&a*o krat8ie, a*e po oper2cii. Tie. po ,. skor80c( e6perimento& #roVn NeP,ard 1T) & .iadnom pr0pade &o &8etk'c( ostatn'c( pr0padoc( n2(*e smrti & d5s*edk, odstr2nenia ce*e miec(y, a to a & niektor'c( /&ierat, t2to oper2cia e pre.i* ne ak' -as. Tak, pod)a ne(o ma6im2*ne .i&ota pod)a ro&nake .aby a m*oky a mesiace, na a"b t'.de= rop,c(y, korytna-ky na 9"1` dn0, s (admi a a8terice a"c dni, s rybami 1"Mdny , &t2ko& Z Z1 min7t sp2nk, cica&co& 1 de= no&oroden'c( pso&, ma-iek a kr2*iko& Ta a. aM min7ta & dospe*osti T" T u min7t,. n0m &y88ia e &onka 8ia tep*ota, doc(2d/a k r'c(*e 8e smr+: tak a .aby /omiera 7 pri tep*ote T` a. a` d C, po nieko)k'c( min7tac(.
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D*(2 .i&otnos+ .iab po odstr2nen0 predU.ene miec(y m5.e by+ nap0san, .e sa , t'c(to /&ierat obmed/en d'c(anie prec(2d/a &onka 8ie ko., HP,ip, -o e d5&od, pre-o sa tie. /0ska &o forme po d*(7 dob, po oper2cii & kys*0k, & atmosfrickom &/d,c(,, a )a(80 /ac(o&anie .i&ot & c(*ade, ne. (or7cim &/d,c(om, aby d'c(anie proces & pr0pade, .e pr&' do ko.e )a(ko tak ako pos*edn' pr0pad. %akoniec #roVn NeP,ard odka/, e na b,d7cnos+, ktor ma 7 by+ o/n2men n0m pato*oDick'mi pr0pady , ),d0, ktor sa /da 7 doka/o&a+, .e poma* /ni-enie to(to ma*(o maso&(o si&' k2be* nesp5sob, e smr+ t,. ; v.e(-o predch'd" &%ce (er " dod D6 >e F0ourens 7ZF v r'#ci >ivo(nho u"o0 s'# "n'"ornenie po0ovice u"n'v " nov v/s-u#y druhe&6 ( -6 >e v pr$p de6 0en &edn po0ovic &e re" s-r"6 ned=&de - %#r(iu6 0e doch'd" i! v pr$p de6 re" 6 ( -6 >e >ivo( u"o0 v (o#(o s#ere doch'd" v/hr dne n "'-0 de rovn -ho princ$pu6 -(or/ n'&de#e vo "vy.-u or< ni"#u.Dod'v e.(e &eden d=- "6 n druh/ prid n/6 sn'T n &vi c " r'> &%ce d=- "6 >e - >d/ nie &e v51.i 1 sD #=>e(e n'&sD svo&e " s(%penie os( (n/ch.
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1[b[. J T[1 Compt. &ys&et), 7ce. FO1II, [`T
CeL0i s-u(o1nosD6 >e ni %oe,d /2sadn, 0e!o -de-o2ve- inde6 !o0 n'&den/ !od6 s "ni1en$# >ivo( (oh(o sve( !ude ur1i(e "ni1en'6 pri #o odporu&e poh2 d od
&ednoduch/ch du.e #ies(6 ( -6 v. -6 &e ve2-/ n &0ep.ie v/"n #6 -(or/ e.(e in(e<ri( >ivo(nho u"0 F0ourens[schen pre in(e<ri(u >ivo( 6 (ie> ce" sve(0o v nie-(or/ch re>i#och prev'd"-y6 0e !e"pe1n "ni1enie >ivo( n &eho "ni1enie v >i dno# pr$p de v ro"pore s v/h2 do# n &ednho6 o >ivo(e u"0ov ro".$ren/ch du.e sed die0K s#rDou du.e ni>.ie (rochu od ro".$renho suspen"ie d=0e>i(/ch 3y"ic-/ch 3un-ci$ >ivo( 6 -u -(or#u doch'd" po or< nic- spo&enie s ni1eni >ivo(nho u"0 6 ne> #=>u !yD vy-on n s #os( (ne v "'vis0os(i n "ni1enie (e&(o # 0e& 1 s(i.;dro& >ivo( vT 1$ T 0e& 0en & &eho v/"n # i! &eho pripo&enie6 #'6 n ro"die0 od -on(eO(u6 v -(oro# s n ch'd" 6 >i dny v51.$ v/"n # pre du.u >ivo(6 ne> -/-o2vein/ rovn -o ve2-/ hro# d .ede& h#o(y6 chov' s s-=r v (o#(o oh2 de ce0-o# p'1i pin 0e!o ven(i0 n nie-(or/ch s(ro&och6 so "ni1en$# 0e!o ods(r'nen$# ce0ho s(ro& #=>e n'h0e " s( vi06 !e" (oho6 !y &eden !o0 e.(e ( - vidieD s$d0o 0e!o "'-0 dn% pod#ien-u v/-onu s(ro& v Uo#. A0e predpo-0 d &#e6 >e s#rD !o0 n o" & nevyhnu(n n'h0e "ni1enie >ivo(nho u"0 0e!o --o2ve- in #ies(o6 !o0o !y (o prid D i! &eden " po>i d vie-6 -(or !y # 0i repre"en(ov D poh2 d od &ednoduch/ch du.e sed d0'6 spo-o&n$6 0e rovn -o e.(e nie &e preu-'" n6 >e -o ( # &e in/ O('"-ou &e6 1i du. s "hodu&e so "ni1en$# !odu " (oh(o >ivo( 6 1i (en(o !od &e (ie> %s(redn/# !odo# v (o# "#ys0e6 n -(or/ s#e "ri di0i -oncep( du.e sed d0'. A0e v s-u(o1nos(i ne#'#e s-%senos(n d=vod urovn niu "v0'.D d=0e>i(% 0e!o h0 vn 3un-1n/ v/"n # pri vy..$ch psychic-/ch 3un-ci$6 ("v 0i3e. Pro(i o!(i >nos(i pop0 (o- (u6 >e nie %oe,d /2sadn [00 n'&sD v pr vo# s0ov "#ys0e6 0en po %ni-u "d' !yD #o>n6 !y #i. ?=>e(e poved D6 >e (o ne!o0o F0ourens[sche6 !ude (o in/6 po-o&n/6 -(o s-r/v v nie-(or/ch6 &ednoducho nech D p (o0o<ic- 3y"io0o<ic- s-%senos(i dos( (o1n6 !y ho n .0i6 n &#5 pre(o6 >e nie &e nu(n6 !y s-u(o1nosD6 !y (/- &%ce &ednoduch/ du. s$d0i presne einh 0(e rovn - #ies(o6 0e #o>n6 >e ;#eU(e service-i( n #ies(e v pr$p de hro"i ce& 0e!o s-u(o1ne& "ni1enie sed d0 . To !y s nes( 0o !e" du.e s(r'c svo&u n &ni>.iu po0ohu (e0uK ( - 'no6 po"ri & (% nev/hodu6 >e ich "ni1enie. * o" & Her! r( s( novu&e &ednoduch% #o!i0i(u du.e sed d0'. Ter " s% predpo-0 dy6 >e n (o#ic-' n=> &ednoduch/ du.e sed d0o do(er " ne!o0i schopn$ sp0niD6 >e du. v d=s0ed-u u(iecD pred rovn -'6 !e"pochy!y rovn' nepr vdepodo!nK 0e oni !y !yD povo0en6 - poh2 d od &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies( !y in - !o0i " is(en -on(eO(u s-u(o1n/ch !odov6 pre(o>e !y s po(o# dr> 0 (rv n0ivos(i poh2 duK 0e # 0 !y (en(o poh2 d v. de inde #=>e !yD " 0o>en' 0en n d=vodoch6 -(or s% dochov n i! predpo-0 d ne& >ivo(nos(i poh2 du6 &e D >- poved D6 1o (o v0 s(ne &e " 0o>en/. A-o Sn >$# s u-'" D6 3o0<ends6 >e (o &e (' pr v' si(u'ci 6 #=>e# s #o"re&#e o!r'(iD i! n &edin/ "'s(upc v"h2 de " &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies(6 v -(or/ch so# ni-dy n'&sD v'>ny po-us o n'pr vu svo&ich pro!0#ovK pre(o>e "vy1 &ne #' 10ove- pro!0#y nie s% o!& sniD. Av. -6 (o #=>e 0en po#=cD6 pod2 #=&ho n'"oru6 !y s uis(i06 ro"hodnu(ie o poh2 de " eOp n"$vn du.e sed d0 6 - s "d'6 >e ces( - vyn 0ie" vosD &ednho " n &vi c pre3$- n/ "'s(upc op 1nho n'"oru #use0 v"i D6 !y (o.
A- chce(e ods(r'niD n (o#ic- pro!0#y6 >e nervov v0'-n nespHU &% v !ode6 -o !y s d 0o o1 -'v D v pr$p de &ednoduchho du.e sed d0'6 v.i#o0 +o("e6 #=>e n prie- (o#u6 >e "#yse0 eOci('ci do(er " " si h0 s$d0o du.e6 -o nervov v0'-n !uT v nervovo# p rench/#u o(voriD von6 -de &e s$d0o du.e6 pre(o s "$s- D ne& - #ies( n (o I#ed Psycho0 778F6 0e!o v nie-o2-/ch #'0o6 & -eT 0en &eden nervov' dr'h 6 -(or' vedie - sed die0 du.e spo&iD I?i-r. A& 6 MGM MG8F. Prv' pod#ien- s o!& vi0 n o" & (e0eo0o<ic-/ ( - neuspo-o&iv6 >e (o !o0 si h0 vn/ d=vod6 >e +o("e &u v &eho nes-or.$ch pr'c ch6 druh/ n hr diD. A0e v"h2 do# - (o#u dv rovn -o ve2#i !r'ni D >-os(i6 -(or v p rench/#e 0e!o &ednoduchou ces(ou sn$# eOci('ci !y s #ie. D v prie#ere6 (& schopnosD ro"0i.ov D (o is( ne#o>no -on.( (ov D6 >e eOis(u&e6 0e "o s-%senos(i6 n -0'U +o(" I#ed Psych 7G7 ?icr. A&6 MGMF6 " (oho s (/#6 >e #o>no p rench/#u 0e!o X# (eri'0 " rovn -ho v0'-n 6 #=>e !yD spus(en/ s%1 sne #noho podne(ov6 !e" (oho6 !y (ie(o v"'&o#ne ru.i 6 -/# Un!e#er-0ich\erden ich "'-0 dn/ch "n -ov.X XPonu-y6 0e "vu-ov sve(e0n v0ny pre-r 1u&%ce preni- &% do nes#ierne& odrody n (o# is(o# v"du.no# pries(ore v rovn -% do!u6 (o & u0o>iD n'# !oh (/ pr$-0 d pohy!ov6 -(or pre!ieh &% " s hov D v rovn -/ch 0'(o-6 i! o!#ed"en eOp n"iu se! 6 >e ich v"'&o#n/ vp0yv n se! n v"'&o# ( -#er v/hr dne Ce "n'#e6 >e ved 6 od !e>nho vn$# ni 6 0e %p0ne ch/! . X A0e (er " s#e schopn$6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i nie &e ro"o!er D -o#po"i(n 2 h- vi!r'cie vo svo&ich 3 re!n/ch "0o>ie-6 -eT vs(%pi do rovn -e& Op(i-us3 serK n 3eren(n nervov dr'hy do &ednoduch/ch du.e sed die0 nie s% "v0'.(ne ok,*tn k&a*ity pred u> s-=r Op(i-us3 ser6 ( ->e !ude#e &ednoducho !yD schopn/ ro"o!r D ( - #'0o6 -eT dor "$ v "0o>en$ (/#6 0e!o !y &ednoducho ro"o!er D6 ( ->e -eT dor "i0i do Op(i-us3 ser ( -. ar'(-e s-u(o1nosD si uvedo#i06 >e #o>nosD6 -(or' +o("e spo0ieh v n .e& nervove& s%s( vy nie. Vi!r'cie sve(0 #o>no s #o"re&#e pre($n &% #i#o s% s('0e od0$.iD od n's6 0e 0en v(edy6 -eT (o #' " n's0edo- de&e 0e!o ved2 se! s #os( (ne p0niD " ich -r$>eni n .e o1i6 -o v0n-y n ry!n$-och (ie> #=>e pre&sD - >d/ in/6 #=>u ich %1in-y s #os( (ne (vrdi0K pod2 +o("e6 v. -6 v.e(-y sve(e0n vi!r'cie6 -(or vysie0 &% nespo1e(n !ody re<iEnu v o-u6 s%1 sne n p'& n rovn -/# nervov dr'hy "0o>enie s%1 sne &ednoduch du.e n0 n<end sed d0'6 s('0e si " chov'v &% svo&u schopnosD ro"0i.ov DK -(or ne#usi !yD po"n D. D 0o !y s n #ie(nuD6 >e du. &e po1uD6 0e "o "#esi "vu-ov6 -(or' p0'v do rovn -ho s0uchovho nervu6 d=r "o# n &edno(0iv "vu-y. A0e #us$#e 1e0iD6 ne#=>e spo0ieh D n n 0E<iu s vypo1u(ie6 -eT 3 -(y s% v ro"pore s pri #ou (v'rK #oc &e pr vd "#ys0e6 1o nie &e pr vd 6 pre in. O-re# (oho !o0i pou>i( do!r/ch d=vodov6 po -(oro# & ods(r'nen$ vypo1u(ie &edno(0iv (Eny h0inene& "#esi !y # 0o !yD #o>n i! v ro"s hu6 v -(oro# s% rovn - percipier( r="ny#i A-us(i-us3 sern v - pi(o0e MM. Pre.i! n/ dov'> n/ch vyv'> n/ch -oncep( ("v #ies(nych "n 1ie-6 -(or +o("e sn >i 6 !y v"ni- -o#po"i(n/ch pries(orov in(u$cie T s(!i0der vysve(0i06 >e &e D >- nie0en neodpovie6 0e vie6 >e nie. Do&o)te mi, aby som &2m niektor / na &iac c(arakteristick'c( pas2.0 / Oot/e e s*2&na a &p*y&n2, ktor sa sta*i doktr0na miestne(o c(arakter, da+ 1b) , be/ to(o, aby
to &o &8etk'c( s&o ic( emn'c( pr2c, ktor e potrebn -0ta+ s2m, a*e e /ac(o&an2 iba tr&a*om /2k*ade, b,de m5c+ (ra+ t, \ p TZ[ "m5.e ro&nako ako /n0.enie &ariabi*n2 &e)kos+ do n,*o&e (odnoty, a /a to dor2s+, tak.e pra&ide*nos+ Deometrick'c( efekto& e neomy*n' & bode dokona*e non" priestoro& b2/e a e /no&, Denero&an' mimo ne(o. 9 ako &ariabi*n' &e)kos+ sa od&0 a /no&, nie preto, .e &st,po&a+ odtia(*i s&o e b'&a*e sk,to-n (odnoty & ta ne sp5sobom s n,*o&7 (odnot,, a*e preto, .e pr2&o ic( /meny sa /0ska t'mto moment2*ne /mi/n,tie re2*nyc( (odn5t pomoco,, tak ,robi* *iDand do my & d,8i & d,8i sp<+ do s&eta &esm0r, 80renie, nie podp0sa*i skryt' priestor &o &edom0, a*e preto, .e bo*i sc(opn0, med/i inten/0&nymi em;ciami d,8e, ktor s7 &yroben ba&i+ &/+a(o&, / ktor'c( /rekon8tr,o&an' -innos+ int,0cie m,s0 /no&, &/nikn7+ obra/ p5&odn'c( ob ekto&. "
1b)
Oot/e, *ie-ite)st&o. Jsyc(o* TZb a nas*
p TT` "Jo_me si niekam (it ,da*osti tak, aby bo*o &e)k mno.st&o &onka 80c( podneto& & riadnyc( Deometrick'c( podmienok na ner&o&' systm, tak.e sme takto /ariadenia, &8ak. T(an rady d5*e.it, .e pr0roda s7 ,r-en, aby sa tieto priestoro& &/+a(y nie-o &edomie Nama o sebe &8ak nema 7 ni- &ys&et)o&a+, a e n,tn na&8t0&i+ a tieto _a*8ie finan-n prostriedky kdeko)&ek &o /mys*o&'c( orD2no&, prostredn0ct&om ktore m5., po*o(a &/r,8en'c( bodo& st2*e &ed)a ic( k&a*itat0&ne b,denie p5sobi+ na d,8,. 1/()adom k tom,, n2s*edne *oka*i/2ci, sensation pr&k, priestoro& int,0cia e ne/2&is*2 na e(o k&a*itn'm obsa(om, tak.e &e)mi od*i8n pocity m5., &yp*ni+ na ro&nak'c( miestac( & na8om priestore obra/, & r5/nyc( okami(oc(, tak m,s0 ka.d' b,denie na /2k*ade bod, & ner&o&om systme, na ktorom sa kon2, /0ska* /&*28tne sfarbenie, ktor sme pomeno&a*i c(c7 pre,k2/a+ s&o , *ok2*ny c(arakter. #,deme m,sie+, aby sme sa &y adri*i -oskoro &iac o podrobne 8ie to(to *ok2*ne(o c(arakter,: m5.eme *en ako fy/ick2 ner&o&' proces &8eobecne na/&a+ t7, Kon8tanta priraden2 & ake ko)&ek -asti ner&o&(o systm, s t'm, .e &ariabi*n ner&o&'c( proceso&, ktor /odpo&ed2 k&a*itat0&nym obsa(, meniacic( em;ci0 k ro/,m, spo-0&a na ro&nakom mieste. Kbid&a procesy &/2 omne o&p*y&=o&a+ b,_ &5bec, a*ebo &o &e)mi ma*e miere, a /atia) -o d,8a t&or0 a na_a*e pod &p*y&om t'c(to pos*edne ,&eden'c( ob&yk*'c( k&a*itat0&nyc( pocity, ka.d' / nic( e /2ro&e= spre&2d/an' in'm b,den0m, ktor' /2&is0 na *ok2*ne o/na-enie ic( n2s*edn /aradenie & d5s*edk, ,miestnenia na&r(o&an(o priestor,. " p TTa "Tieto 7&a(y ,r-i+ n2m to ()ada+ t'c(to miestnyc( /n2mky ner&o&'c( imp,*/o& &8eobecne & pas0&nyc( &ed)a 80c( oko*nost0, ktor st2*e e8te &ed)a pocit podnety trp0 iba ake ko)&ek -asti ner&o&(o systm,, & /2&is*osti na ic( 8tr,kt7re, a*e & po(ybe, ktor sa na /2k*ade ic( spo enie s ostatn'mi ner&o&(o systm, &yr2ba+ prostredn0ct&om ref*e6, ()ad2 1M) . "
1M)
tie. p Ta` sa (o&or0, .e "miestni /naky o.i&enia motoro&'c( tendenci0."
p TTb "Jre &8etk'c( na8ic( fy/io*oDick'c( 7&a(, po em /(asne, .e int,0cia priestor,
po&a(, d,8e p5&odne a priori anDe(WriDes &*astnos+ e to, .e nie e prod,ko&an' &onka 80mi do my, a*e by &y&o*a+ iba pre ,r-it ap*ik2cie." Ce (o(i> nesporn6 >e &e D >- s dos( D. ?ies(ne pr$"n -y -o #o(orov (endenci$6 pre -(orho on vysve(2u&e +o("6 v pods( (e6 !y & sn% preds( vu Bo &e (o (endenci L presn 3y"i-y vie6 >e s0ovo nie &e L - &e #ys0ieD ni re'0ne6 ni duchovn sn >enie pohy!y6 -(or e.(e 0en pre!udiD v du.i6 vr'( neK &e .$renie (0 -u 0e!o n p5(i 6 0e!o spoU nep (rn/ pohy! "n #en'b nie-(o !y # 0 pre#/.2 D o (o#6 vr'( ne u-0 d D ni si0u6 -(or' &e u0o>en' n #ies(no# "n #enie6 0en 0en s0ov' #=cD s'# n ok,*tn k&a*ity 6 !y. To nie &e %spe.n' pre #U "$s- D & snosD o (o#. V - >do# pr$p de6 r="n #ies(ny ch r -(er v0 s(n e#Ecie &edno(0iv/ch op(ic-/ch nervov T s(nerven3 sern v "'vis0os(i n ich u#ies(nenie6 "0%1iD do p rench/#u 0e!o &ednoduch/# spo&ov c$# v0'-no#6 -(or vydr>i v.e(-o pr$de n du.u6 0en !y -o#po"i(u #ies(nych "n 1ie-. Ter " du. #' %0ohu6 #o>no poved D6 o-(roier( schopnosD vy0o>iD -v 0i(u (oh(o spo&eni -o pries(orov ro".$renie uspori d nie do!re. A0e " -ou 3or#ou chce(e6 >e #ies(ne pr$"n -y6 nie &e (o #ys(ic-'6 ( - chce prid D nie-(or/ " ( -e&(o schopnos(i.+o("e s pou>$v po#erne v/r " pre ch r -(eris(i-u #ies(nych "n 1ie-6 X>e - >d/ !udenie n "'-0 de !odu v nervovo# sys(#e6 -de s -on'6 &e "v0'.(ne s3 r!enie <e(.X *i-(o in/ &e r'd6 >e vy& driD svo& n'"or v/s(i>ne6 -o +o("eK 0e (ie n &"0o>i(e&.ie 3 r!iv' spo0o1ne niesD >i dne s(opy -($v v se!e6 !y s v/s0ovne vo ves#$re du.e. Po +o("e Is. MM9F6 X&e i"o0'ci nervov/ch v0'-ien pos( venie ich cen(r'0nych -oncov i! do (e& #iery re0ev n(n6 pre(o>e o! & s% pros(ried-o# - individu'0ne& nervove& proces s vyso-/# .peci3ic-/# #ies(ny# "n'#-y6 o -(or% &eho n's0edn " r denie do ves#$ru vT - &e6 v -(oro# du. ro"v$& svo&e in(en"$vne vn$# nie. X A0e 1o #=>e(e niesD ovocie (oh(o i"o0'ciu v pri#i($vnych nervov/ch v0'-ien6 - s% " #es(n n$ n v 0no# spo&ov cie v0'-no6 \orein s o(vor$6 -(or' vedie - du.i #ies(6 rovn -o -o "nov s "dviho06 -o -e!y po!o1-y rovn - T s(e#p3indun<s-reises o(voren do spo0o1nho T s(nerven3 ser6 -de & n prie- ich od0i.n u#ies(nenie6 pr vdepodo!ne r="ne #ies(ne "n -y ich #oh0i " p #5( D6 nie s% schopn$ spros(red-ov D dis-r(ne pries(orovo poci(y6 0e!o (o6 1o !r'ni "vr'(iD v/s-y( 0o-'0nych "n 1ie- v po!o1-'ch rovn - "#ys0ov -ruhub +o("e "vy.u&e s o druh% n'#ie(-u I?i-r. A&6 MGMF6 X>e predov.e(-/# schopnosD du.e in3or#ov D 10enov presne #er n i#pu0"y - pohy!o#6 -o &e uspori d nie I -o s predpo-0 d 0o6 !y s n$#F vy0u1u&e. T - (en(o -on-r(ny ohnu(ie 0e!o predH>enie r #en vy-on'v 6 !o0o nu(n6 !y (o(o >i dne in #o(oric- nervy &e s priv'd" 6 >i dne in ve2-os(i sv'ru6 ne#ys0i(e2n6 - nie - >d/ " (/ch(o &edno(0iv/ch v0'-ien neus('0e " s hov D > do #ies(6 " du.e6 !y #oh0 ho ihneT n'&sD ro"ru.iD . X A0e6 on odpovie I?i-r. 76 MGRF6 -v 0i( s( vu #ys0e &e6 X-(or nie0en ve2-osD .(/06 0e & #ies(o p=so!eni "'vis$ n v5"!'ch pr$rody !ehu n neho .....X X; nespo1e(n #no>s(vo "vu-ov/ch vHn6 -(or prech'd" &% v"duch6 - >d/ nepochy!ne v n pnu(o# dos-y6 o-enn ( !u0e6 -(or s(re(ne6 " -(or/ch nie-(or .o-y vyro!iD6 0e 0en &eden " nich prinesie dos-u ?i((jnen6 0en s-u(o1nosD6 pr vide0ne vi!r'cie op -u&(e dos- &e opr'vnen' v0 s(n/# .(ru-(%rou n p5(ie ..... XX + <e du.u v s-u(o1nos(i ce0' .-'0
#o(or nervov/ch " -on1en$ o!&edn n/ch s-=r6 #oh0o !y (o !yD >i dny in/ ch r -(er ich vp0yvu.6 !y s(e v >i dno# pr$p de "'pornho ?i#ochodo# vy-on D podo!n/ .o-6 oni !o0i 0en ur1i(/ s#er6 0en 0en pre(o6 >e nie &e hi( v (o#(o s#ere n (o# v (o#(o nervov/ch " -on1en$6 0en (o ne# 0 vy(voriD in/ pohy!6 &e #o>n pre - >d% " #/.2 n% pohy!u * op -6 i! oso!i(n -v 0i( ($vne s( v6 (En o ur1i(e& %rovne v (o#6 >e podo!ens(v'ch vyr'! D6 vo0i(e2nho 3ini(y6 -(or/ prev0'd #ed"i (/#(o s( vo# "v0'.(ne prevedenie ur1i(ho nervovho p=vodu6 pries(orov/ s#er &e "'vis0' i! n -(oro# #' vp0yv du.e6 -(or s "d 0o6 >e dr>$ 0en "d n0ivo od " 1i (-u do u> -on 0 ..... X A0e ch'pe# (en(o n'"or presne (o6 1o #o>no nie &e ( - ce0-o# pr vd 6 n'&de# 0en po0 po-0es n poh2 d " eOp n"$vnych du.e -resie0 v Uo#. Pre6 s s$ce p=vod nervu nie s% pri #o6 0e i! pros(redn$c(vo# in(er v0o>en p rench/#u 0e!o &ednoduch ces(y s du.ou #ies(6 po(o# i! &eden -o#po"i(n pu0" 0e!o -o#po"i(ne& pohy!u v0n " du.e sed d0' s% .$ren n nervov/ch -oreUovK # 0 !y &u "die2 D #ed"i ni#i v "'vis0os(i n -v 0i(e du.evn/ch podne(ov6 ( ->e &e sp=so! 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y #us$ !yD -v 0i( du.evne& -(ivi(y sp=so!u&% e#isie " (/ch(o i#pu0"ov pros(redn$c(vo# spo0o1ne& -o#uni- 1ne& ces(y (/# uro!iD6 0e ur1iD6 "r "u vo v51.ine !odovK ro"die0 (o v/h2 d " ro"2 h0/ch du.e sed d0 chce#6 &e 0en6 >e po (o#(o -v 0i(y 1innos($ du.e6 nie0en dis(ri!%ciu i#pu0"ov n v51.ine #ies(6 0e -o priechod pohy!ov v ur1i(o# s%vis0o# %se-u Te0o s( noven'. O po0ovicu6 0e poh2 d " ro"si h0e& du.e pri"n'v sed d0'6 s(e s(r (i0i poh2 d " &ednoduchho po0ovicu. A-o +o("e s( novu&e - Ro"0o>i(e2nosD pripo&en/6 -eT du. sed d0' n0 n<enden i#pu0"y pri pr'ci du.e6 ( ->e Av. -6 pri& (ie6 ( ->e p r 0e0n -on(inu'0ne de#on('> odch'd" &%ceho " du.e -o#po"i(n/ch pu0"ov #=>e ro"ru.iD >i dne pre-v penie6 (o &e (en(o predpo-0 d v=!ec "'s dn pre ce0/ poh2 d n &ednoduch/ du.e sed d0'. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 "'vis$ nie0en n (o#6 pr$0e>i(osD # D r="ne poci(y v rovn -% do!u d D sv 0y o!&edn n/ - " #ys0eniu6 0e & pr$0e>i(osD rie.iD ne& -/ ro"u#n/ v/"n # r s(ie s @ chs(u# du.evnho # &e(-u " p0e(enie #o"<u. ; (o6 1o &e - dispo"$cii " nes#ierne "0o>i(/ch ve2-/ch #o"<ov/ch he#is3r n &ednoduch du.e #ies( v 2uToch chcieD6 -eT (o pos0edn 0en -o#po"i(n/ V/s0edn ide o v.e(-y predpo-0 d n pohy!u ce" p rench/#u 0e!o spo&enie s sed die0 du.e v0'-ienK \o3ern u> " se (o de#on('> &e pri& (' n po#oc. H0 vn D >-os(i s "v/.i0 o ( -/ &ednoduch/ predpo-0 d -o #'vnu($# 1 rovnho pr%(i- K 0e spo&ov cie v0'-n (/# "$s- D ce0-o# ch r -(er 1 rovnho pr%(i- 6 -(or/ #inu0 pre-on D v.e(-y e.(e (o2-o pro!0#y s rovn -/ &ednoduch/ vyhodiD s #i6 !e" (oho !y s(e #use0i "'-on pr$rody6 >e ni venov D po"ornosD. Bo s (/- s-u(o1nos(i6 >e vn$# &%ce u &ednho "vier D ro"de0$ do dvoch #=>e ro"-0 d D podo!ne6 ( ->e s "d'6 s-u(o1ne pon%-nuD sonder0iche pro!0#y ni do-onc +o(" n'"or Her! r(6 - &e ce0 (e0o &e (voren po nich "o spi ce du.e6 odde0enie pr$0e>i(os(i #=>e !yD pre!udenie nov% du.u. CeL0i v. - sy#e(ric- "vier ro"de0en' sy#e(ric-y6 v -(oro# s% o!e 1 s(i !y # 0i "os( D s( r du.e6 v -(oro# &e nov/ pre!udenieb S #o"re&#e6 >e !ude(e hovoriD6 s( r' du. "os('v v (/ch 1 s(i ch6 -de (o &e6 v in/ch pre!%d" nov/K 0e!o6 s( r' du. "o#rie6 (o hore dve nov. A0e
-o !ude 3un<ov D6 pre(o>e so# si "vier " &edne& s(r ny #=>e# "vrhn%D &u " op 1ne& s(r ny ce" 00#50i<es odre" D > o po0ovicu6 ( # &e v>dy -on(inui( s( rho >ivo( pre16 #ys0$#6 >e spoU6 >e & vy -o os0o!oden6 s #o"re&#e6 pre(o>e & & so# ro!i0 >i dny po-us (o. A0e -o " ri diD (o s cie2o#6 pod2 -(orho du. 6 0e #=>e sedieD 0en n &edne& s(r ne v 1 seb Po(o#6 1o poh2 d " ro"si h0e& du.e sed die0 &e &ednoduch. V"'&o#ne rovn 1 s(i o!rovs-e& podpory du.e sed d0' v rovn -e& #en('0ne& - p ci(y ( - d0ho6 -o oni s% pr$!u"n$6 d D rovn -/ v/-on s #os( (ne6 s% u> spo&en i! spo1i (-u s0 !.$6 -/# - >d' po0ovic #' ch/! vy#eniD6 -o &e podro!ne&.ie pop$s n v !ud%ce& - pi(o0e &e dis-u(ov n'. ?y nevy> du&% >i dnu hypo("u o n'dhern vp0yvo# #ech nic-ho odde0eni "vier D 6 0e i! s-u(o1nosD6 v"D hu&%ce s n ce0/ or< ni"#us Principes o so0id'rny in(er -cie repre"en('cie " 0o>en n so0id ri(e6 -(ore& %1innosD n u>.o# du.e sed d0' s oh2 do# n psycho0o<ic- s0u>!y pod2 eOperi#en(ov F0ouren o #o"o< (ie> u-'" 0 pri #o 6 ( ->e n o" & ni1 (u hypo(" "os('v . To !y ur1i(e ne# 0o !yD ( -6 0e &e (o ( -6 pre(o &e (o ( -6 #us$ !yD sed d0o du. &e ro".$ren/. Oh0i dnu(ieP !ude poh2 d " &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies( vych'd" D "o s-%senos($. S-%# 0i #ies(o v #o"<u6 " %(0#u v.e(-/ch nervov6 v -(ore& s% v.e(-y "!0$>iK ( - #ies(o nie &e #o>n n'&sD. On h2 d' #ies(o6 du. 6 po &eho "ni1en$ >ivo( 6 &e ( -/ !od neeOis(u&e. To predpo-0 d'6 >e !y s spo&enie sed d0' du.e v0'-ien schopnosD du.e6 (o6 1o pr$de "0%1en do v0'-n odde0iDK ni spo&ov cie v0'-no6 0e ( -/ # &e(o- s n ch'd" . A- chce(e odde0iD 1 sD du.e " #ies( 1 s($ !e" du.e .(iepen$# "vier D 6 o!e 1 s(i "os('v &% in.pirov D. T -/(o poh2 d ne#=>e !yD "'-0 do# presn/ch .(%di$ o v"D hu (e0 du.e6 -(or' s # o se!e #=>e !yD " 0o>en/ 0en n s( ve ne#o>nos(i presnho v/s-u#u v (e&(o o!0 s(iK pre(o>e 1o-o2ve-6 1o !y ( -(o pou>i(ie n %1e0y s( noveni poh2 d &e "ru.i0 (%6 poh2 d podporov n/ n op 1n/ch pod#ieno-6 -(or s% v/s-u# 1i s(o1ne "ne#o>niD6 1i s(o1ne v ro"pore s ich v/s0ed- #i. Ce nesporn6 spo1$v poh2 d6 ( ->e s u-'>e n 3 -(och6 nie n pos%den$ s #o(n/ch 3 -(ov6 0e n v.eo!ecne&.$ch d=vodov6 (o !y #oh0o !yD6 >e v.eo!ecne poved n6 >e (u v5"! !y s (o6 1o n'# ch/! v r$.i s-u(o1nosDou. A- chce(e dis-u(ov D podro!ne&.ie6 (o(o p$s#o nie &e vhodn/6 pre(o>e #=>e !yD " 0o>en/ 0en n 3 -(och6 re <ov D n spor #ed"i 3i0o"o3ic-/#i sys(# #i6 ni "'#er #=>e # D %spech (u. A-on'h0e &e v. - s(re(o0 s predch'd" &%cou dis-usiou n 0ieh v (% s #o(n% "'-0 dn% %0ohu " 0o>iD n "'s0uhy6 -(or n'# d' poh2 d " eOp n"$vn du.e #ies( n 3 -(ic-6 #=>e nie-(or ne3or#'0ne f 0.ie dis-usie o .ir.$ch o('"- ch6 -(or &eden pr$-0 d6 n . o('"- #=>e !yD v "'vis0os(i n vyu>i(ie pries(oru s% s('0e odd'v 0 s do %v hy6 >e u(ori( ($vne (u "'u&e# o o('"-u6 -(or' &e nie0en ur1ov n$ (oho6 1o rovn -/ s pou>$v v ro"hodnu($ do %v hy6 0e vo v.eo!ecno# "'u&#e6 0e & n v.eo!ecn o('"-y6 s -(or/#i &e spo&en 6 #usi !yD v" ( do ?i(rYc-sich(. H0 vne6 >e &e poh2 d n &ednoduch/ pov he du.e6 -(or s #y o se!e # &% svo&e -orene (u nie &e (re! dodr>i v D6 v -(oro# v/h2 d "o sed die0 rovn -/ch &ednoduch/ch -oreUov.*o v prvo# r de (o #o>no spochy!niD6 po-i 2 nie &e &edno( !o0 0ep.$ (er#$n pre pov hu du.e6 -o &ednoduchosD6 ('(o o('"- s #i "d' po(vrdiD6
pre(o>e du. " hgU ( - .iro-% .-'0u o- #ihov v ro"v$& (o6 1o s " h2 dis&ednoduchos(i6 0e nie &edno(- v ro"pore. Pre ro"die0u &edno(y &ednoduchos(i spo1$v v (o#6 >e &e "ro"u#i(e2n/ -o "'s(upc 0e!o Ver-nYp3endes6 pre(o>e & -eT &e po1e( &edno(ie- &e e.(e ro"de0iD n nespo1e(n/ch 3r -ci$. A0e pre1o du. !y ne# 0 !yD vi " n' s-=r 3y"ic-ho sys(#u6 1o &e prepo&enie n po(ru!ie -o !od v (o#(o sys(#e6 -o &edin/6 r="ne ver-nYp3endes v !y($. To s (/- vi c ne> (oK #e( 3y"ic-/ pro!0# spo1$v v - >do# pr$p de6 nie s% - dispo"$cii6 s v/ni#-ou &ednho &e s'#. Ter " #=>e(e6 s #o"re&#e6 ( - s (o s( ne v #on do0o<ic 0 sys(#ov6 !y &edno(u du.e " #e( 3y"ic-e& &ednoduchosD "'-0 dnho ch r -(eru "'vis0os(i s " ro"# ni(/ch & vov du.e. A0e nech u> (o !o0o6 >e #e( 3y"i- !y ni-dy n'&den6 -(or & sne !e" n'#ie(o-6 -o s od (e& do!y " 0o>en' n -oncepcii (oh(o pr$s(ro& "'vis0osD &edno(-y &ednoduchosDou L & s'# so# ni-dy ne!o0 schopn/ n'&sD ovocie v vyh0'seni ch re'0ne&.ie po" d$ s-u(o1n L ( - !y s (/#(o ni1 #ene&6 ne> &e pros( du.e sed d0 od=vodnen. +e!o nie &e ni1 ne#oh0o " !r'niD6 #e( 3y"ic-y &ednoduch/ du. !yD rovn -o d=veryhodn6 schopnosD o"n'#iD pros(redn$c(vo# svo&e& pr'ce s%1 sne sys(# pohy!ov r="ny od se! v"di 0en/ch 1 s($ (e0 6 !e" (oho !y Y!er"up30 n"en pod2 princ$pe n'r "u pohy! " &ednho n druhho 0en pos(upne6 -o S0n-o n "'-0 de &e& <r vi( 1nho vp0yvu v s-u(o1nos(i6 -o #'K nie &e ( # >i dny hovoriD6 -o T 0e-o #e( 3y"ic-/ &ednoduchosD #oh0 n%(iD du.u6 0e s-=r " nie-o2-/ch .peci3ic-/ch 3y"ic-/ch !odov6 ne> !y s 3y"ic- )onneOion %(o-u n "vy.-u (e0 sve(e. T'(o v.eo!ecneK 0e .peci'0ne poh2 dy #=>u s #o"re&#e nu(n6 !y ( uro!i0i. Sys(# Her! r([sche !y sn'T s('0e e.(e s%6 v. -6 >e poh2 d p d' " &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies(6 !y # 0o !yD in - >ivo( schopnK 6 Pre(o>e (o ne#us$ !yD s(ri-(ne vi " n/ - (o#u(o n'"oru6 -eT rovn' &eho u(or !o0 vi " n/ - ne#uK r="ne6 0e "d' s 6 so sys(# #i +o("e[schen. Pre +o("e 7SF iden(i3i-u&e &ednoduch du.e pods( (u s n &&ednoduch.ou prv- #i h#o(nho sve( 6 -(or/ in(erne -o du. & vy -($v d'v &%6 v. -6 oni pos-y(u&% i! 3y"i-'0ne & vy vonK do-onc & n . du. &e 0en "o svo&e& pods( (y rovn -ho druhu6 &eho po"$ci vn%(orn/ v/vo& v "'vis0os(i n pre3erov n (E# v s(rede sys(#u #us$ !yD rovno#erne u" vre( #u rovn - duchovn (e0o (E#y 78F . Tu &e poh2 d " &ednoduchho du.e po&#e po(re!y6 -o &e pripus(iD6 >e &ednoduch/ (E# s'# o se!e ne#us$ # D si0u s ! viD n v/r "n v"di 0enos(i -on(eO(e ro"si h0ych n'p dn pohy!y6 -(or Is v/ni#-ou #ys(ic-/ch spros(red-ov nieF 0en "'s d #o0e-u0'rnoLe3e-( s0edov (e2n .o- &e ponech n n susedn/ch (E#och n s(r ne pred susedn (E#y spros(red-ov D v"D h #ed"i du.ou &e& (e0o.
7SF
#i-ros-o. A&6 MS7 33
A-o so# u> poved 06 Dros! ch #' Xh r#Eniu v/s0ed-ov vedec-ho v/s-u#u s po>i d v- #i 2uds-e& #ys0eX X<enesis vedo#i po (o#is(ic-/ch "'s dyX "ri denho v spisoch +o("e ne"'vis0e podo!n/ poh2 dK 0e nevie#6 (ie(o spisy " &eho v0 s(nho poh2 du.
78F
Poh2 d n +o("e &e o pov he du.e &eho v"D hu - 3y"ic-/# sve(o# nie &e spochy!Uov n6 3i0o"o3ic-y #o>nK 0e eOis(u&e #noho T 0.$ch6 &e& 3i0o"o3ic- n'"ory6 !y s " !r'ni0o ro"hodnu(ie #ed"i ni#i po"rieD s n (o pred ro"hodnu($#6 &e (o re". C oso!ne ver$#6 >e !y "os( 0i !uT v po0 op (reni s('0e s% &ednos(r nn6 ni vr'(iD - orien('cii re 0i(y n ne"ro"u#i(e2n " re 0i(ou6 #' i! vy!r D pos0edne& in.( ncie #ed"i dvo# "'s dne od0i.n n'"ory6 (o !uT ce0e& du.e sve( ro"de0iD ro"de0iD do ich (e0 sve(e pod#ien-y pod2 v pos0edn/ v +o(" "#ys0y upevniD sp5D nie1o6 0e nie duch podo!n/ duch6 0e!o v n .o# s0ov "#ys0e spo&iD ce0/ sve( od po1i (-u &edno(ne v duchu ro"de0iD . Ceden druh/ " (/ch(o poh2 dov #o>no (rv 0o ro"v$& D6 !y s v s%vis0os(i s n .i#i spo0o1n/#i "'u&# #i v 79F K #=>e(e >iD ( -/# sp=so!o#6 !y s %p0ne prirod"ene6 n op - s "d' %p0ne neprirod"en n &edne& druhe& s(r ne. ade (ed &e6 !y s (o(o ro"hodnu(ieb
79F
Bo0o po-%si0 o +o("e vo svo&o# #i-ro-o"#u6 -(or # v #o&e& -nihe ;end Aves( .
?ys0$#6 >e (o !ude (u6 !o0i vo 3y"i-e v0nov% -orpus-u0'rne& (eErie -oP - >d/ (rv 0o vyvinu0 do %p0ne& (eErieK - >d/ #' svo&ho "'s(upcu6 ni ned'vno s('0 n Bio(6 Fresne0ove6 v. -6 pre druhK -de ro"hodnu(ie -one1ne pri.ie0 -one1neb Pre(o6 >e poh2 d'v-y6 -(or s% pre"en(ov n o!e (eErie n "'-0 de s-%senos($6 o-re# 0$.i0 v nie-(or/ch oh2 doch6 v #'0o6 0e "'s dnK s-%senosD d 0 "'-on. Tie(o !ody6 0e "d' s #i6 po-i 2 ide o spor6 do -(orho &e (u6 -de !yD pr$(o#n6 -(or s v"D hu&% o('"-e "&ednodu.eni ro".$renie s$d0 du.e6 & si #ys0$#6 >e &e pri "niv' o-o0nosD6 >e (u -edysi ( - v"'cne #o>nosD s ro"hodn%D #ed"i 3i0o"o3ic-/ch sys(#ov 3 -( #i. H0 vnou v/hodou #on dic-ho sys(#ov6 vr'( ne +o("e[sche p (r$ chcieD6 !yD6 >e "is($6 >e n &2 h.ie pres diD ne"ni1i(e2nosD du.e !y &ednoduchos(i ?O*zDA neu#o>Uu&e ro"p d.T - &ednoduch cen(ier6 #=>u -on( -(n #ies( nero"-0 d'6 0e "#i"ne6 -eT do -(orho p (r$ ro"-0 d'K " is(iD ( - (%(o s-0 d!u6 0e i! "d n0iv/6 0e (/#i(o sys(# #i predpo-0 d &% ne"'vis0osD #on ds6 0e!o &ednoduch !y(os(i 0e!o hypos( sieren po#ocou &ednoduchho (E#u6 nes#r(e2nosD du.e v n &&ednoduch.$# sp=so!o# &e pri#er ne is(. Pod2 s-%senos($6 & -eT s du. #=>e & n prie- ich predpo-0 d nho v0 s(n >ivo( schopnos(i !yD -($vny hore i! " "v0'.(nych pod#ieno- (e0esnos(i6 (/# n op - v pods( (e pre #on do0o<ic 0 po"ri ce0% D >-osD -/-o2ve- in/ poh2 d "novu6 -o (o !ude (er " #o>n po s#r(i !e" (e0 dosi hnuD (o6 1o si #oh0i dovo0iD v >ivo(e i! s &edn/# (e0o#6 0e!o -de !y #oh0i n'&sD nov (e0o. Av. -6 n &vi c "re&#6 o!(i >nosD &e 2 h-o pre-on D. A0e n &&ednoduch.$ sp=so! nie &e v>dy presved1iv prv n &&ednoduch.ie &e v>dy spo-o&nosD "u05n<0ichs(e. T ->e ne"ni1i(e2n/ &e !od6 ( ->e ne"ni1i(e2n/ &e -on(eO( ce0-u - u"'0ny se-vencie diver<enci v ce0-u6 -(orho &e s%1 sDou n'.ho sys(#u. A -eT &e n . du. pri& (' u> v (o#(o sve(e6 (o od !odu6 0e " neus('0e s #eni ce #en$ do r s(%ce do ur1i(e& #iery v r'#ci ce0ho v"D hu6 ( ->e #=>u !yD
nosen v pos#r(no# >ivo(e T 0.ie .ir.$ o-ruh (oh(o ne"ni1i(e2nho v"D hu . A0e poved 0 so# si inde (u o dosD GNF6 (o nie &e #ies(o6 -de poved D vi c o (o#.
GNF
;end Aves( 6 1 sD M.
*ech &(e #on do0o<ic 0 n'"or (u udr> D v/hodu &ednoduch.ie6 & -eT nie "u05n<0icheren6 v re -cii n v'>ne o('"-y6 ( - s n'&de druh% ru-u6 D >.ie odpoveT n T 0.iu D >-% o('"-u.A- - >d/ duch sed$ v nie-o2-/ch !odoch6 (ie> sed$ n !o>s(ve n &edno# #ies(eb sedi v.e(-y !ody n #ys0i (o6 1o s vi >e n sve(e6 v"D h #ed"i !od#ib Poh2 d " eOp n"$vnych du.e #ies( -one1n/ch 0iehov$n #us$ s &ednoducho "os( D -on"is(en(n6 !y s poh2 d n v. depr$(o#n vedo#ie Boh 6 vidieD v Uo# p's-u v.e(-/ch vec$. ?on do0o<ic 0 poh2 d ne#=>e odv'>iD !e" v$D "s(v !'&e1n% povesD o "ri den$ Boh > - !odu n in/ch #ies( ch6 ( - s vr ci 0en v51.i %0oh - pre"ier vos(i "nov s vy"0iecD poh2 d n (oh(o n'dhernho v"h2 du6 Boh s('0e 0e!o ( - ne& -o n'&sD n'hr du " Boh 6 (/# ( -> ide s n'!o>ens-% vieru 0e!o " (0 1(e ce0% o('"-u do (#y do po" di . My8*ienka monado*oDica* sp5soby Oeibnit/ a Ierbart neb,dem reprod,ko&a+ t,: pr&2 / nic( m2 s&o , kape*, &ec0 a bytost0 &o &opred /osta&en(o (arm;nii: Ten nem2 .iadn, sk,to-n7 p2sk, &ec0. Oot/e 8t,do&a* potreb, &8eobecn(o kape*y &ec0 (Mikr. 9 , a1T ff II, ab a nas*), ktor ma 7 by+ ,spoko en / po()ad, na "nekone-n s,bstancie" a*ebo "podstatn nekone-na", & ktor(o po&a(e &8etk'c( /2kono&, &8etk'c( pr0-inne s7&is*osti &ec0 na s7 koncipo&an s t'mto sebo,, a ktor', pod)a e(o po&a(y e &8ade p*ne pr0tomn' & ka.de &yst7penia a &ec0:a*e t2to bytos+, aby p*ne od(a), e no. "no (str. a1[) e ka.d' pr&ok, ktor' nem5.e robi+ to, ak e to indi&id,2*ne, a*e iba & pr0pade, .e e to indi&id,2*ne ako pre a& to(to Dener2*a."n*o&ek m5.e by+ & pok,8en0, aby t7to nekone-n7 podstat, #o(a, a ak sa nem'*im, e to m,8t, a*ebo idea dobra, ktor' e kone-n' princ0p ic( pr2ce a tkanie pre Oot/e, predsta&o&a* #o.ie miesto: a ke_ e st2*e &2.na med/era, ktor2 b,de &yp*nen2 na pos*edn'c(, a*e sn2_ *en mo.no o-ak2&a+ a -as+o, e(o pr2ce, .e nikdy asne (o&or0 o tom. 9k sa niektor miesta (I, s. aZa aTZ aTb) / nekone-n(o *2tky &yrie8i /2mery sa /d2, ako m5.ete da+ sami /2kony, eden n2 de inde (Mikr. *, a1[) po&a(a nekone-n *2tky &'s*o&ne iba s po&a(a d,8e a & poro&nan0, a*e nebo*a /isten2: Tie. by sa to nesta*o be/ ,kon-enia to(to d5s*edk,. Tera/ sa mi /d2, &8ak, ke_ som n7ten' tak -asto poro&n2&a+ po&a(, nekone-ne s,bstancie, ako kape*a &8etk'c( bodo& s &edomo, d,8o, podstate po.ado&a+ /a n2s*edok, .e naopak, predsta&te si, po&a(a d,8e e, .e poro&nanie s nekone-no, *2tky & s7*ade s, to /namen2, .e sa ne&ia.e na bod, a*e ako kape*a /(rn7+ body, a potom sa obr2ti*, aby poro&na+ p,to, -o e & be/&edom0 *2tky s po&a(o, iba &edome mys*e, a*e & sk,to-nosti ro&nak pred*o.en' &yn2*e/. Tak, po()ad sa mi /d2 a t, c(tiac po* reaDo&a+ na sp5sob, ak'm ma* *en 0s+ 7p*ne, aby bo*i & s7*ade, a*e r,80, samo/re me. Predpo-0 d &#e6 po (o# v.e(-o#6 pre"ier vosD s0'vi0 (riu#3 pre-on D v.e(-y pre-'>-y6 -(or !r'ni poh2 d " &ednoduchho du.e Sed 1-y 1 sD s-%senos($6 u#enie
repre"en('cie !y # 0 !yD schopn/ upo-o&iD ce0% D >-os(i6 0e!o s s-r/v D6 1o &e uspo-o&iv/6 0e!o 0en #o>n ver"ie !o>s-/ v. depr$(o#n vedo#ie eOis(encie oponu&e v (o#(o poh2 de6 0e (o6 1o !y "$s- 0 pod2 neho pre psycho3y"i-yb 0en pre-on D horu pro!0#ov s dos( D do (e#ne& s0epe& u0i1-y pre nich (0 1iD T 0.ie -ro-y n s(eneK s n prie- (o#u do#niev 6 n s( ne od ro".$ren/ch #ies( -one1n/ch duchov6 s v/h2 do# n v51.ine ro".$ren/ch sed die0 ,n3ini(e Duch v podpore6 s-%senos(n v o(vorene& %rodn po0i .e(renie6 pre"ier vosD (ie> n'&sD %0ohy6 0e %0ohy6 -(or/ch rie.enie n o" & dopredu. V s-u(o1nos(i6 n ce0/ -ur"6 -(or/ !ude#e predpo-0 d D6 >e v n s0edu&%co# (eO(e6 1 sD poh2 de " &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies( od " 1i (-u ni prero-ov n/K s-=r poved n &ednoduchoP (u &e u> $sD. A0e - s n o" & chys(' odov"d D pod2 n'.ho n'"oru6 #=>e $sD s %specho# perspe-($vou T 0.ieho %spechu6 pre1o !y s#e ne# 0i $sDb Pre(o !ude n s0edu&%ci ur1$ ro".$ren/#i du.e #ies(6 n -(or/ch &e v/h2 d. D' s sn'T n'&sD "v0'.(ne6 >e so# s v predch'd" &%co# -on3ron('cii s-=r +o("e6 -o n Her! r( od- ". Her! r( poh2 d nie &e ( - divn6 >e (o nie &e ein<5n<0icher #oh0o s( D6 G7F K 0e so# si ne#ys0e06 >e ho n #ies(e. Pre Her! r( &e &ednoduch !y(os(i s% hyperphysic 0 0e!o " 3y"ic-/6 !yD "ro"u#i(e2n/ pries(or6 (o nie &e o ni1 #ene&6 po#er is( re'0no# pries(ore s'# ne!o0 schopn/ "hro# >diD n svo&e de-0 rov n v51.inu s(%pencov nonLne"0u1i(e2n/ s #o o se!e & sn6 po -(oro# s ce0' o('"- #ies( du. " chov'v ne& sn po" dieK n n (o#ic-/ch 3y"io0o<ic-/ch D >-os($ o('"-u6 -(or% nerie.i6 spor s &eho #e( 3y"i-y s #o"re&#e nie &e o('"-ou (oh(o do-u#en(u. Pro(i pon%- +o("e n'"or pre"en('ciu &eho n'"oru od s #ho " 1i (-u & sn -on-r(ne pro(ichodn n'"ory n p dn%D d=- "y (oh(o do-u#en(u6 -(or/ " si hnuD pri #o v o!0 s(i s-%senos($ !e" od- "u n prv/ .(udov D #e( 3y"i-u6 -o ich rie.iD Her! r( do 3y"io0E< Is( ve!n pr'ce V6 77ZF6 u#o>Uu&% -on3ron('ciu s n$#. ?i#ochodo#6 poh2 d +o("e[sche6 n ro"die0 od -on-r(ne& 3y"ic-e& hypos( (i" (ion du.ou < n< ce" v pods( (e ne-one1n6 1o s #o"re&#e s% d=0e>i( v/"n #n6 po T 0.$ch !o1n/ch ro"die0y6 po-i 2 ide o v"D h du.e - (e0u so v.e(-/#i "'-0 dn/#i 3un-ci #i Her! r( X #ed"i "o!r "en$# %p0ne !e>n6 v51.in " (oho6 1o s (vrd$6 pro(i +o(" n'"oru6 !y !o0o6 !y o ni1 #ene& (vrdi0 pro(i Her! r(.
G7F
Tu * &d=0e>i(e&.ie &e s n ch'd" v s pridru>en/#i u1e!n$c. d Psycho0 s5#(0. Fun<u&e. T. V6 77Z T. V,6 M9N 3
3; o1+)ka ro)#$r!n a obrovsk5 36#! s!3a3,+. Po "is(en$6 >e du. s$d0o v pr vo# s0ov "#ys0e ne#o>no pov >ov D &ednoducho -o6 druh' h0 vn' vyvs('v o('"- 6 -o T 0e-o s-0 do# ro".iru&e svo& ro"s h6 & -eT 0en n #o"o< -o T 0e-o v #o"<ub Ve2-/ pods( (n s-u(o1nos(i eOis(u&e6 1o &e #o>n d D do s%vis0os(i s (ou(o o('"-ou6 (o n &#5 v eOperi#en(och n "vier ('ch dec pi( (ed. ?ys0$#6 >e &e pre o! vy $sD do podro!nho vypr cov ni prero-ov nie (oh(o # (eri'0u (u po(rv' do u" vrieD s
pri"n nie6 -(or # &% so(v nie1o vi c o (o# #=>e !yD viden/ s is(o(ou6 pre(o>e (o "&ednodu.u&e pod2 (oho6 -o or< ni" 1n du.e 3'"e "vier ( 6 re0 ($vn eOp n"i du. sed d0' r s(ie u>.ie6 (o nie ce0/ nervov/ sys(#6 respe-($ve #o"o< &e rovn -o d=0e>i( pre du.e 3un-ci$6 !e" (oho !y (o do(er " #o>n ne& -/# sp=so!o# 1erp D os(r vy#ed"en$#. Pod2 "n'#ych s-%senos($ GGF ?'0o-(o &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e s pri-0'U - poprieD dec pi( (ed h#y" poci(K u "vier (6 -de &e pr$(o#n/ >i dny #o"o<6 s #o"re&#e ne#=>e !yD spo&en' s poci(. H0 vnou o('"-ou v. - s('0e pred#e(o# sporu6 (o "n #en'6 >e s (o1$ o-o0o s( vovcov6 v (o#(o s#ere si #ys0$#6 >e &e n r5(0ichs(en6 dis-usie o 3 -(och sporu o &eho v/-0 de v (o# 1 se !yD ponech n' (/#6 -(or$ o!s( r D (ie(o s-u(o1nos(i6 3y"io0E< > s o!& v$ !uT vhodne&.ie psychophysics ude0iD osvie(enie6 0e!o psycho3y"i-y !ud% s v51.ou pr vdepodo!nosDou6 !y ( -. ,! nie-(or v.eo!ecne6 & -eT nie nov/6 -ri(ic- spe-(y #=>u n'&sD svo&e #ies(o (u.
GGF
Trevir nus Bio0 V6 ZM9 ; rovn -/ch & vov "'-onov or<. +i3e ,,6 79G Froriep &e T <es!er. 6 78RG. Fe!ru'r 1 ZQS
V/-0 d v.e(-/ch pos('v6 -(or s "d &% hovoriD o eOis(encii poci(u svo&v=0e v popr ven/ch "vier (6 vy> du&e ve2-% op (rnosD6 v>dy udr>u&e ur1i(% #ieru neis(o(y6 !y "v'>i0 do %v hy #o>nosD rovn - -o d=s0ed-y e-o0o<ic- " ri deni 0e!o #ech ni"#u6 ( - d0ho6 -o &e ( # #o"o<6 s poci(o# 2u!ov=0e vs(upu&e do v"D hu6 0e &eho hr e.(e s vy-on'v po ods(r'nen$ #o"e "& vn do!rovo2n hnu(ie6 ni ude0iD u>i(o1nosD "odpoved &%ce "#eny (e&(o "#0uvy -on' v s%0 de s ro"# ni(osDou podne(ov6 n -(or #' 10oveh0 vne " #er 0 svo&u po"ornosD6 is(/ "n'#-y poci(u 2u!ov=0eK pre(o6 >e - d=&de "& vne vo2n/ch pohy!ov v dec pi( (ed "vier ( !e" p=so!eni von- &.$ch podne(ov6 po(o#6 n ro"die0 od s-u(o1nos(i6 >e 1 s(o odvo0 nie v"duchu #=>u produ-ov D -o n "r nen% 1 sD6 ni vy0%1iD #o>nosD6 >e s('0e odch'd" &%ci v d=s0ed-u or< nic-ho >ivo( odpo1in-u "r Uov D s'# sp=so!i0 vn%(orn un"u!erechnenden "#eny -o vn%(orn s(i#u0y -(ivu&% pohy!y v o('"-e6 -(or #=>u !yD ve2#i podo!n pohy!y ce0ho "vier D po(o#6 pre(o>e & ce0/ !/v 0/ #us-u0os-e0e('0ny sys(# pre(rv'v 6 !e" (oho6 !y6 >e s% nevyhnu(n6 s poci(o# ich v/po1e( s(rie2 do v"D hu. U>i(o1nosD "odpoved &%ce #odi3i-'cie pohy!ov v "'vis0os(i od o-o0nos($6 v. -6 - eOis(u&e6 &e v"h2 do# - v/hodne& " ri denie or< ni"#u s #o(nho (/#6 >e & nie-(or " n .ich -o#po"i(n/ch s(ro&e "#eniD svo&u hru s # o se!e vhodn' pre o-o0nos(i6 -(or -o#p0i-u&e pohod0n/ sp=so! (o2-o or< ni"#y nie &e sporu ide ove2 T 0e& v (o#(o oh2 de. Bo T 0e& Cedn/# " nich &e pov >ov n/ " "n #enie 2u!ov=0e 0e!o poci(6 druh &e pre v .u hru #ech ni"#u6 1i u> &e (o &ednoduch re30eOn #ech ni"#us6 0e!o "0o>i(e&.ie #ech ni"#us6 -(or/ -o#uni-u&e s vedo#e& #o"e hr #=>e pod2 -edysi eOis(u&%cich " ri den$ p0us id% pre1 n chv$2u6 0e!o pod vp0yvo#
podne(ov6 -(or n hr'd" &% vp0yv n #o"o<6 o!novu&%6 0e !e" T 0.ieho v"D hov D n vedo#ie. ;n'#-y svo&v=0e s% po(o# i! "d n0iv/. Even(u'0ne "d nie s0o!ody "'vis$ n nepredv$d (e2nosD " si hnuD -o n'hodn von- &.ie vn%(orn podne(y v "0o>i(o# #ech ni"#e v"h2 de %#ys0u pos-y(n%D u>i(o1n pro(i podne(y p=so!iD n ods(r'nenie .-od0iv/ch %1in-ov vyhn%D s vhodnos(i6 s -(orou #ech ni"#us pre %(o- !e>n/ch podne(ov o!r n "vy1 &ne u&#u s o1 -'v s dy.Privy- nie v/cviv >ivo(e #=>e s'# prispieD ove2 s( noviD #ech ni"#us ro".$riD pos( >i ru &eho %#yse0n pou>i(ie eO. ; (i 26 "'-onnos(i6 s -(orou pohy! pre!ieh v popr ven/ch "vier (6 prevodi(e2nosD o rovn - n re30eOn & vy I-(orho (er#$n &e uro!en/ V rious vo ve2#i r="ne& ve2-os(iF6 nie &e si is(/ u-'" D n s (/# spo&en poci(6 pre(o>e &e s1 s(i preu-'" (e2n "'-onnos(i redu-ov (e0nos( n re30eOn #ech ni"#us nie &e v. de6 nie-edy nie &e pre-'>-ou6 >e poci( psycho0o<ic- & "dy n soci 0i"ov D6 rovn -o -o pr'v re30eOn/ch 1innos($ po sD ($ -o pred sD ($. Av. -6 -on &% po preru.en$ 0in-y " #iechy do #o"eni 0e!o p (o0o<ic- pr$1iny --o2ve- po.-odenie 0e!o pohy!y v #ieche dod'v ne& s nervov/#i 1 sDou pod2 "'-onov re30eO$vne6 !e" h0 vnho vedo#i 6 -(or' s v"D hu&e - #o"<u6 c$(i nie1o ( -K 0e (o si vy> du&e6 !y s u-'" 0o6 1i &eden predpo-0 d'6 >e ne#oho0 v (/ch 1 s(i ch6 -(or/ch -on(inui( &e preru.en' s #o"<o#6 ni vy(voren/ch poci( n v0 s(n% p5sD6 rovn -o ( - & s( v D n re30eOn/ch 1innos($6 ne> -eT eOis(enci #o"e n &#5 u1iD & vy de0i(e2n/ "vier (6 -(or # &% du.evn &edno(-u. -v=0i odde0enie or< ni"#u6 -u -(or#u s vi >e6 #=>u !yD dve odde0en en(i(y6 >i dny " nich s do#niev 6 1o os( (n$ c$(i To(o vyh0'senie n hr'd" s-%senos(i d=- "y6 n -(or/ch odporcovi poci(u v popr ven/ch "vier ( spo2 hn%D h0 vne6 &eho d=- "n% hodno(u. * -oniec6 dv h0 vn spe-(y s% "d=r "nen ( - ve2-/ v/"n #. ; prv. CeL0i s'# !y # 0 !yD preu-'" (e2n6 >e #=>e do pries(oru odde0enho od #o"i dny poci( nie du.evne& &edno(-u v51.ie6 ( ->e !y (o ni !yD preu-'" n v n &#en.o#6 >e6 - &e spo&en/ s #o"<o#6 nie podie0 svo&e& psychic- 3un-cie6 (& n pohy!y6 -(or s% v pri #o# v"D hu v/#enn/ch -r$>ovho psychic-/ch 3un-ci$6 &e (/#6 >e &eho spo&enie s po(re!n/#i #o"<u6 0e (ie> !y #oh0o !yD dos( 1u&%ce6 !y #u (en(o podie0. V"h2 do# - (o#u #us$#e "novu uvedo#iD6 >e 1$# vi c du. s$d0o &e ro"si h0 6 vr'( ne #o>nos(i v "'s de &eho ?i( usdehnun< &e ( - v - >do# pr$p de d ne& #iechy6 ( - d0ho6 -o &e (o v spo&en$ s cen(r'0ou (/ch(o hnu($6 pri1o# rovn - #oh0i (ie> !yD #usi vyr'! D ( - pohy!y 0e!o 3or("uerh 0(en v se!e. Tie>6 (o & - >d' 1 sD #o"<u6 -eT &e odde0en/ od "vy.-u6 #=>e ro!iD ni1 vi c6 p0 (iD " du.evn/ch 3un-ci$6 pri1o# prispiev 6 v spo&en$ so "vy.-o# (oho6 &eden !y 0o<ic-y6 rovn -o -o - >de& 1 s(i #o"<u -o #iechy podie0 #us$ poprieD #en('0ne 3un-cie6 - &eden chce0 -o u(ori( ($vny pre (o6 1o prispiev v s%vis0os(i s 3un-ciou v ce0o# hospod'rs(ve6 (es(y n -%s-y6 -(or s% odde0en od "vy.-u. V PR,*;,P or< nic-/ v"D h &e s-=r (o6 >e6 -o - >d' 1 sD ce0-u v s%vis0os(i prispiev - &eho 3un-ci$6 ( - !ude (ie> podporov n/ (e&(o s%vis0os(i vo svo&ich 3un-ci'ch chov' 0e!o do-onc 0en do-'>e. Po(o#6 (o #=>e !yD r<u#en(ov 06 >e po-usy n "vier ('ch popr ven/ch6 # 0i !y !yD schopn$ pos-y(n%D r dy o (o#6 1o &e dovo0iD odde0enou
#iechu6 0e!o ne3un<u&e do!re schopn/6 >i dny d=- "n% hodno(u n (o6 1o &e v s%vis0os(i s &eho #o"o< prispiev - du.evne& 3un-cie. ; druh. Rovn -o ( - #'0o &e s-u(o1nosD6 >e &eden vid$ pre(rv'v &% du.evn 3un-cie #o"ov 3y"io0o<ic- s%1 sne& do!e n "vier ('ch do- "u&%6 >e #iech #en('0nych 3un-ci$ #o"o< ne!er% s podie0o#6 ( - d0ho6 -o &e (o v -o#uni-'cii s n$#6 rovn -/# r<u#en(o# 0en pre(o6 v d=s0ed-u (oho !y #use0 !yD pou>i(' & n psychic-/ch 3un-ci$ sp5D pro(i ?i( n(ei0 - >d' 1 sD #o"<u6 pre(o>e po (o#6 1o u> s-=r uveden/ch eOperi#en(och6 & ce0' po0o<u0e #o"u !yD ods(r'nen !e" du.evn/ch 3un-ci$ ! c-L(rv &%ce #o"en'6 !y & s(r ( " n &d=0e>i(e&.$ch 1 s($ pre du.evn/ch 3un-ci$ s nec$(i06 ( - d0ho6 -o pros(riedo-6 !y ich " s(upov 0i eOis(u&%6 !e" (oho !y !o0 ne1inn/6 (ed ( -6 d0ho ( # s%. Po (o#(o s #i "d' (ie> "n'#ou s-u(o1nosDou6 >e po #pu('cii -on1 ($n6 poci( v0 s(ne& rovn -/ &e s('0e pr$(o#n/6 "re&#e & s('0e c$(i0 !o0esD v rovn -e&6 nie pr$sne u-'" 06 >e - s (ie(o -on1 (iny nie s% - dispo"$cii6 psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y -(or (ie(o poci(y s% " 0o>en n nervu ro".$riD do prispieD so0id ri(y s (/#i(o poci(#i. O('"- 6 1i u>.ie du. s$d0o6 #ies(o (oho6 !y s ro".irov D do ce0ho #o"-osD #i -o o('"-u6 1i (o pres hu&e (o spoU u nie-(or/ch "vier ( &e (oK ( ->e -o #'0o ( # !o0o n &#5 ro"hodnu(ie > do (er ". +en6 -o u> po"n #en 0 vs(up6 ro"hodo0 3y"io0o<ic- eOperi#en(y u- "u&%6 >e nie v.e(-y 1 s(i #o"e -($v ur1i(/ch poci(ov &e spo&en' s in(e<ri(ou cen(r'0nych 1 s($6 -(or s o(v'r &% v sen"oric-/ch nervov. Sp=so!6 -/# G 00 u-'" 0 odd nosD du.e 1innos($ n ur1i(/ch 1 s(i ch #o"no pov >ov D " opr'vnen ni s-%senosD #i6 ni priErnych %v h'ch -o dos( 1u&%c .
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!; U vo1o& s a kon!n5. Predch'd" &%ci "hrn%D6 #=>e(e s0edov D pros(redn$c(vo# s-%senos(n/ch 3 -(ov o('"o-6 -(or # &% !yD opods( (nen/P 7F To6 >e " chov nie du. v (o#(o >ivo(e nie &e " 0o>en/ n " chov nie ur1i(ho #ies( 0e!o n &#en.i 1 sD (e0 6 0e n so0id'rnu in(er -ciu "0o>ie- 1innos($ (e0 vo v"'&o#ne& dop0nenie s > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 dos hu&%ci #o>nosD v"'&o#nho " s(%peni 6 -(or pre(o o (o#6 1i usi0ov D o vi c pr'ce s (/# spo&en s$d0o du.e v ce0o# (e0e. GF To6 >e 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 " -(or/ch poci( vedo#e& du.evne& 1innos(i s% vi " n
n v.e(-y6 nie 0en d D ce" 1inu v ur1i(o# #ies(e (e0 s #o(nho6 0e po1 s svo&ho p=so!eni v ur1i(o# ro"s hu6 nes%6 >e pre(o s n$# s%visi ce u>.ie du.e s$d0o# v do ur1i(e& #iery v (e0e6 &e (re! h2 d D. MF To &e v s%0 de s or< ni" 1nou du.e %rovni &e &ednoduch.ie6 re0 ($vn eOp n"i du. u>.ie sed d0' r s(ie. ZF S-u(o1nosD6 >e nie v.e(-y 1 s(i #o"ne po #o"d/ (ed v"i D D=vodo#6 - >d/ D >-os(i n &ednu s(r nu pro(i r<u#en(ov " #ie(nu(ie o!(i >nos(i6 " druhe& s(r ny #=>e !yD ro"die0. E.(e #ene& &e phi0osophischersei(s ro"hodnu(ie v (o#(o s#ere v"h2 do#6 ( ->e -one1ne n'"or -o vec viery - >dho " nich "os('v 6 1o &e s( noviD souvisicich &eho T 0.$ch n'"orov. Po souvisicich n .ich v0 s(n/ch n'"orov s oh2 do# n ro-ov ni v n s0edu&%cich - pi(o0'ch s "o!r "u&% & po ( - s n &v51.ou pr vdepodo!nosDou n'#.
Text original
?ies(o pohy!ov/ch -(iv$(6 v -(or/ch s% vedo#e& du.e 1innos(i spo&en 3un-1ne& "'vis0os(i6 0e!o s-r'(- 6 !0i>.ie du. s$d0o &e nie0en po1(o# r="nych (vorov6 0e & v rovn -/ch (vorov nie &e pevne vy#ed"en/ v "'vis0os(i n (e& 1i one& s3re "#ys0ov 1innos(i 0e!o vy..i du.evn' -(ivi( &e vyh0 sov 06 h0 vn/ -r!u pohy!ov6 -(or s% pred#e(o# vedo#ie6 -r'(-y psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y n d pr ho#6 &eho po0ohy ro"s hu "#ien. aedy-o2ve- ( # !ude #ies(o v nervovo# sys(#e6 - eOis(u&e6 respe-($ve vs(%pi do #o"<u6 -de s ('(o 1innosD &e n &si0ne&.$6 (u si #=>e(e pr$s0u.n/ s$d0o du.e du. sed d0' h2 d'(e v n &u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e. Od (oh(o o- #ihu s pohy!y s -0es &%cou in(en"i(ou v prie!ehu ce0ho (r -(u nervov/ch v0'-ien v #o"<u6 #iechy6 !ude nervy $sD6 -o#uni-ov D s n$#6 do (e& #iery6 >e # &% ur1i(/ s(upeU si0y6 pr h ro"s h6 (ie> prispiev - in3or#ov nos(i pov"niesD s n d pr ho#K 1o #=>e !yD o-o0nos(i n r="ne dH>-y. Bi u> (o #=>e spros(red-ov D #iechu nervy6 (o & po odde0en$ od #o"u s('0e <enerov D psychoL3y"ic- pohy!y dos( (o1n% pevnosD6 !y pr hov hodno(y6 po (o#6 1o #=>e !yD in/6 v "'vis0os(i n o-o0nos(i ch6 v s%0 de s predch'd" &%ce eOperi#en(y nie &e is(/ decid !0e.
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Pr'vny v"D h #ed"i podne(o# poci( &e !esprochener# Aen pod#ien-u #ed"i podne(o# psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y n &edne& s(r ne #ed"i psycho#o(oric- 1innos($ poci( n s(r ne druhe&. T - (o &e (er " (o is( p0 ($ pre n'&denie hovoriD o ve2-os(i v"D hov psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y6 - #'#e "$s- D vn%(orn% psycho3y"i-y v s%vis0os(i s von- &.ou s presn/# (eErie pohy!u6 #ys0ieD psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y s v rovn -e& #ier-e6 #er n6 s s 3y"ic-' -(ivi( 6 -(or% &e s(i#u0ov n' "von- 6 0e!o odvo0 nie6 - &e ch'p D -o &eden u- "ov (e2 -(ivi(y6 (& do >ive& si0y6 -(or' e.(e nie &e v cene6 ( -6 !y n #er n' -ine(ic-% ener<iu s(i#u0u &e %#ern'6 vy"dvihn%D (o6 1o &e "is(iD6 1i do -e& #iery 0en &e (o s-=r pr$p d. V s-u(o1nos(i &e6 v.eo!ecne poved n6 ni1 ne!r'ni (o#u6 !y dve pre#enn s #eri rovn -/# #er d0o#6 n prie- (o#u ni s% rovn -e& ve2-os(i6 ni r s( proporcion'0ne - se!e "n$>iD6 -eT s% u> 3un-cie n se!e. Pou>i($ rovn -e& E00e #' i! 3or#'0nu v/hodu6 >e s% schopn$ poro"u#ieD & &ednoduch.ie !e" o!#ed"eni s-u(-ov/ch o-o0nos($. H0 vn' o('"- 6 n -(or% s #' -on D n prv/ poh2 d6 &e n s0edovnP Ce pr'vo n @e!er 6 pod2 -(orho E#p3indun<s"u\Ychse s% -on.( n(n6 -eT re0 ($vn Rei""u\Ychse s% -on.( n(n6 s-u(o1nosD6 >e n pr hu6 pod2 -(orho poci( dosi h0 v/r "n/ hodno(u i! v ur1i(o# -one1n/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n/ch6 pre vn%(orn psychophysics vo v"D hu #ed"i Sens (ion n psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y pre0o>iD ( -6 >e podne( &eho "hodno(enie hodno( #i %#ern' psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y " s(%pen #ys0$6 0e!o s-=r vo v"D hu #ed"i psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y pre podne(y druhu6 >e &eden psychoL3y"ic-/ poci( &eho "hodno(enie pod2 hodn=( po#ern/ch 1innosD " s(%pen #ys0$. ,n/#i s0ov #i6 &e "'vis0' n vn$# nie psychoL 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y 0e!o " !0o-u&e psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y " podne(ov v "#ys0e "'-0 dn v"orce #er nie v"orec6 pod2 -(orho &e prv/ pr$p d !so0%(n ;u\Ychse psycho#o(oric- 1innosD6 -(or% podne(6 druh/6 v pr$p de6 >e poci( !y ( #6 -de &e psycho#o(oric- 1innosD proporcion'0ne. Do-onc & ve2#i v.eo!ecnho h2 dis- 6 &e dos( (o1n' n (o6 !y ro"hodnu(ie v prospech prvho predpo-0 du. Po "'s dn/ ro"die0 #ed"i 3y"ic-/#i psychic-/#i o!0 s(i ch "'vis0osD #ed"i du.evnou (e0esnou 1innosDou v "#ys0e "'-0 dnho v"orc #er nie v"orc &e ce0-o# #ys0i(e2n6 >e ('(o "'vis0osD #ed"i dvo# 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 -o &e "n'"ornen n &edne& s(r ne n dr'>div %1in-y6 n druhe& s(r ne (/#6 >e psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(e 6 po-i 2 ide o 3y"i-'0ne 3y"io0o<ic- "'-on nie &e #o>n. * druh% s(r nu6 nie &e (o n &&ednoduch.ie n &prirod"ene&.ie s( v6 #=>e#e pos-y(n%D n "'-0 de "'-onov6 -(or ;u\Ychse n d.en$ sve(0 "vu-ov s(i#u0y vo vi"u'0nych s0uchov/ch 1innos($6 $sD ;u\Ychsen n podne( pri#er n/6 - v rh ny (rp$. f 0e& s v. -6 proporcion 0i( 6 >e nevyu>i&%6 pre(o>e pr'vo n @e!erVv u>
nep0 ($. S #o"re&#e6 >e (en(o predpo-0 d nie &e %p0ne nu(n6 pre(o>e podne( nero"p%.D v or< nic-/ch 1innos(i v s%0 de so "'s dou .o-u6 nevie#e dos( (o1ne ( -6 -o (o sp%.D -o n proporcion'0ny prechode rovn -/ von- &.$ch eOci('ciou v nor#'0nych #ed"i ch (vrdi 6 >e s% schopn$ sen"oric-' 1innosD !e" T 0.ieho upo"orneni . A- &e v. - vo2! #ed"i (o n &&ednoduch.ie n &prirod"ene&.ie op 1n/ ve2#i nepr vdepodo!no# s( ve6 - &e (en(o s( v #=>e e.(e T 0e& s( v D " in/ch d=vodov6 #=>e (o(o ro"hodnu(ie ne#=>e !yD pochy!n. Tu s% odch/0-y od proporcion 0i(y #ed"i ;u\Ychsen s(i#u0u psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y6 -(or u- "u&% n po-us Pri pre-ro1en$ ur1i(e& #ed"e6 ni1 divnhoK pre(o>e & pre &ednoduch %1in-y (0#i1e s% pr$s0u.n odch/0-y6 po-i 2 s% pre-ro1en 0i#i(y6 (/# 2 h.ie s d' o1 -'v D6 s "'s ho# s(i#u0u v -o#p0eOne& or< nic-e& s(ro&ov. aine(ic-' enernos(i nie &e pre-ro1en'K To &e pr$p d6 n'&de reD "ec 0e!o ri diD (rv 0 predH>enie6 -o#presiu 0e!o ro"ru.enie ce" (e0o &e po-ry(6 ( ->e (o proporcion 0i(y (rp$ h v'rii. ;u\Ychse o!&e# 3y"ic-e& "vu- s('0e "'visieD n rovn -% 3un-ciu ;u\Ychsen >ive& si0y " vi!r 1nho reD "ec 0e!o dos-y6 0e nie od (/ch v/.-y p'du p d &%ceho (e0 . To "n #en'6 >e poci( &e e.(e sporn/ rovn -/# sp=so!o# " psycho#o(oric- >ivo(ne& si0y nervov6 0e u> nie od (oho s(i#u0u "'vis$ & po pre-ro1en$ #ed"e p0 (nos(i pr'vnych predpisov @e!er si0ou podne(u. Tie> Ac( P r 00e0 IT. A&6 - p. 7GF &e -o#p (i!i0n' 0en s prv/# predpo-0 do#6 #=>e !yD do-onc pov >ov n' " d=s0edo- (oh(o ro"hodnu(i . Pod2 (oh(o "'-on 6 ve2-osD "n (e2nho ro"die0u #ed"i dvo# podne(y ne"#en$6 - &e ci(0ivosD " o!0en rovn -o pre o!e s(r ny. A0e !ud% #usieD "n$>iD6 - vn$# n/ ro"die0 s-=r %#ern' !so0%(ne ro"die0y !y psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y -o re0 ($vn K pre(o6 >e - &e - >d/ " (/ch(o dvoch podne(ov n "'-0 de "#0uvy o "re" nho ci(0ivos(i e.(e 0en vyvo0' po0ovice ( - si0n/ psycho#o(oric- 1innos(i6 ( ->e ro"die0 &e "n$>en' n rovn - po0ovice. V pr$p de6 >e ces( & 0o< ri(#ic- "'vis0osD in(en"i(y n d.en/ sve(0o# "vu-ov pohy!y s(i#u0 1n/ch o si0e podne(u v "#ys0e druhe& pod#ien-y pov >ov D " #o>n6 >e !y (o # 0o s( 1iD6 0e & poci( ro"s(upo# (Enov po pr$s0u.n/ch "'-onov pre!ieh 6 -o &e si0 6 ( ->e !y !o0o po(re!n #ys0ieD po1e( vi!r'ci$ psycho#o(oric- pohy!u v "'vis0os(i n (o#(o v"D hu - vi!r 1ne& 3re-vencii s(i#u0u6 -(or/ &e v pods( (e ne#ys0i(e2n. Pod2 -on(eO(u6 v -(oro# &e s-u(o1nosD6 >e n pr hu s @e!eri n "'-onov pod2 #er n$ v"orc s ro"hodne n o('"-u6 -o &e (en(o "'-on #us$ !yD preveden do vn%(orn/ch psychophysics6 nepochy!ne "'roveU6 n o('"-u (e&(o s-u(o1nos(i. Av. -6 !ude#e s-%# D n &#5 s oh2 do# n druh6 o('"- 6 1i rovn -o -o s(i#u06 -(or/ vyvo0 n neho psycho#o(oric- hnu(i #us$ dosi hnuD ur1i(% si0u6 ere schopn/ ro!iD (o poci(6 po -(ore& !o0 pre-ro1en' pr hov' hodno( s(i#u0u !y &eden psycho#o(oric- schopn/ ri diD pohy! n &eho pr hu6 0e!o 1i s #' podne( s-=r 0en n dosi hnu(ie ur1i(e& pevnos(i6 -o psycho#o(oric- pohy! v>dy " 1$n 6 so
" 1i (-o# psychophysic 0 pohy!u " 1$n 6 poci( o- #>i(e. Ten predpo-0 d s "d' nesporn6 "o v.eo!ecn/ch %v h ve2#i #o>n. A- -=U -res0$ D >- u(o n "0/ch ces('ch6 ( ->e (o ne!ude #o>n &u n s( viD do pohy!u6 -/# sn h pre-ro1$ ur1i(% ve2-osD6 od (e& do!y s ro"!ehne. Rovn -o -o (er " ro"!ehne6 (ie> vys(upu&e so svo&$# !re#eno#6 n &#en.i r/ch0osD vo"id0 (ie> vy-on'v s'# pr$s0u.n/ &eden "'D >e.Pre(o #o>no poved D6 s #o"re&#e6 ur1i(' si0 s(i#u0u &e nu(n6 !y psycho#o(oric- pohy!u v pohy!e6 0e nie do ur1i(e& si0e psychophysic 0 pohy!u n vy-on nie poci(yK 0e n &#en.$ ( -/ n'vrh !ude (ie> nes% n &#en.$ poci(. A0e (en(o v/-0 d &e neudr> (e2n/ s #o(n/ 3 -(6 >e nie &e prenosn' n pr hu ro"die06 nepochy!ne #us$ !yD rovn -/ princ$p vysve(0enie dos( 1u&%c pre o!e #ed"n hodno(y. A- so# %p0ne vie# " hvie"d v denno# ni1 ne#=>e o!& viD >i dne nerovnos(i %p0ne n r/ch0o o(o1en dis- s !ie0y#i 1ierny#i odve(v$6 ( ->e ne#=>e# poved D6 >e (o ned'v 0o psycho#o(oric- do&e#6 0e (o !o0o ro!en >i dny in/ do&e#6 -o vi c n'p dn ro"die0y6 -o # 0 ne#=>e pr$sD do !y(i vidi(e2n i! s%1(o#. T ->e ne"os('v ne> pri& D6 >e s-u(o1n/ ro"die0 Psychophysic 0 do&#y6 0e ne#o>no vy-0 d D -o ro"die0 "os('v v !e"vedo#$6 - nepresi hne ur1i(% ve2-osDK 0e (o &e pri"n D ro"die0y6 ( - (o !ude pri"n D po souvisicich s-u(o1nosDou v odvo0 n$ pr h di3erenci'0u pre !so0%(nu ve2-os(i. Tie> chce# # D n p #5(i nie-o2-o &ednoduch/ch 3 -(ov6 -(or u- "u&%6 >e prepr v psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y v. - #=>e !yD " po&en/ !e" u> nes% poci(K 0e!o s-=r6 >e pr$-0 d vo"id0 n n .o# pr$p de nep0 ($. Presne&.ie poved n6 (ie(o s-u(o1nos(i s% s-u(o1ne po>i d 0 o vysve(0enie6 i! v(edy6 -eT s o!r'(i#e - presne&.ie pos%denie po"ornos(i nes-=r. R U &-y do pos(e0e6 so# "vy1 &ne #ys0i po(pourri. Pos(e2 &e n 1ierno# S(ovepipe n sve(0 s(eny. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 h0 v &e s('0e6 ( ->e po(0 1ou se! 6 -eT so# po ein<e!rochene# r nn sve(0o s o(voren/#i o1 #i6 do&e# " 1ierne& r%r-y si0n n #ys0i6 0e #ys0$#6 >e v.e(ci os( (n$6 (en(o do&e# &e #i %p0ne v !e"vedo#$. Ve2#i 1 s(o6 0e & so#6 -eT so# " se " vre0 o1i6 !o0 udre(/ ve2#i in(en"$vne !ie0e vne#u r%r-y pece. Fy"ic-' do&e# !o0 (ed vyro!en/ v ( -e& 3or#e6 >e vi"u'0ny vne# !y #oh0o v"ni-n%D6 0e on !o06 - !o0 od-0on$ po"ornosD6 "os( 0 v !e"vedo#$6 n prie(o#u ne#oho0 po(o# vs(%piD do vedo#i . Spr'vy podo!n/ Scores!y GF . B s(o vyu>i0 1 s($ o!&e-(u vo eOis(ov D v re 0i(e6 -(or' ne!o0 do.0o - ne#u pri poh2 de s o(voren/#i o1 #i n vedo#ie. A- &e (e0o popr ven/ vo v51.$ (yp (0 1ovho p$s# !o0 s( noven' v/0u1ne ( -6 Scores!y n "n 1u&e6 >e s #u (o pod ri0o6 !y si susedn/ "n - 0e!o "n -y v eOis(u&% v re 0i(e.
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T'mto sp5sobom, mo.no a -oskoro do em akredit2ci, a. nesk5r pric(2d/a na &edomie ako akredit2ci, nesk5r, kedy bo*a po/ornos+ /ameran2 pr&'kr2t &iac nesk5r, ne. pr&'. To m2 /a n2s*edok &e)mi parado6n sk7senos+, .e Dr Iadekamp & pr,ske &ys&et*i*. C*,b no&iny T) ,&2d/a nas*edo&n\ "Xe mi (on (o&or0), .e nieko)kokr2t kr& nec(a* sp78+ /ips sa sta*o, .e kr& /o .i*y &ysko-i* pred prep0na odi8*i To /namen2, .e %et&rd0m &8ak, .e t2to -aso&2 obrat / d&oc( t,. a/yko& pric(2d/a 7 -iny sk,to-ne do8*o, a*e &ide* som ic(, (o&or0m o tom, ktor oko (o&ori* mo/Dy Mo e oko ro/pr2&a* m5 mo/oD\ *en tok kr&i /o .i*y sa /a*ia*i ao c(&0), nesk5r e tie. f*ie / Nc(neppers pa*co& dr5t do*e. T2to parado6n2 a& aspo= predsta&en' mi po* t,cta kr2t. 1.dy som bo* prek&apen', preto.e ke_ som sa predt'm mys*e*o, preto.e ona bo*a &.dy &on. 1ede* som, .e preto ),bo&o)ne &yt&ori+., -aso&' ro/die* med/i d&oma /2/namy sa samo/re me be/menn' ma*', a*e on bo* &.dy dostato-ne &e)k2, .e m5.em t&rdi+, spr2&nos+ m5 (o po/oro&ania ako nepoc(ybne .... Jred ne ak'm -asom som po&eda*, Ir. Dr Nc(meisser s ro&nak'm a&om bo*o tie. ra/ sta*o. Kn na pr& &ide* prietok kr&i / tepny sa dobre, a*e potom si &8imo* &ypra&i+ mimo prep0na, a potom po-,* t*kot "a,tor &8imo* e8te _a*e \"., C(ce* by som &eri+, .e som &o &8etk'c( pr0padoc(, kedy som sa streto* pod&od na prietok kr&i bo* &e)mi nad8en'. "
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?me*2 (&ie/da i8*a s ro&nomernom po(ybe po st,pnici & predne -asti priad/e ce/, Np5sob, ak'm to ,robi*. 1 Nec pop0sa* bo* ro/de*en' *en na 1` die*o&. Tera/ -as+ st,pnice bo*a -0tan2, kde (&ie/da & pos*ednom /d&i(, pred /2&it, bo*, tak m,se* by+ na _a*8om 7derom do ro/sa(, 1`. "9k c(cete s*edo&a+ & tomto type " (o&or0 a,tor " ma* som -,dn' a& Ke_ som sa po,.i+ mierka bod, & ktorom (&ie/da m,se*a by+ na dr,(e rane, ,. &ede*, Mys*e* som, .e s&ete*n' bod, a*e pri &st,pe do 8ok, e8te asi `. b di&0/i0 (strieda&o med/i `,T a `,[), ktor ma 7 by+ &idie+ na t'c( spr2&nyc( miestac(, tak.e preto inform2cie oko*o ` d, `b by bo*o pr0*i8 &e)k., sna.i* som meno, ce*kom ostr' &idie+ a by+ &e)mi po/orn' , /d2 sa, .e niekedy b*0.i (&ie/da & tomto okami(, na okami( sto 0 na mieste, tak.e som bo* & pok,8en0 si mys*ie+, .e tam m,s0 by+ miesto, kde (&ie/dy sto 0 na &st,pe do 8ok,, e6trmne ostr /da*o ,r-en2. -asto, a*e >da*o sa, .e (&ie/da op<+ be/ stabi*ity & ,st2*enom rieke, /atia) -o dr,(' 8ok 0s+ pre-, on potom *ete* & priebe(, 8tra k,, ako to bo*o t'm spr2&nym bod, a. do konca a 7da bo* spr2&ny Nta*o sa to &<-8ino, na konci po/oro&ania rad,, ke_ som bo* ako ,. ,na&en0, a*ebo kedy. ?robi* som troc(, )a(osta n' po/oro&anie. Ao&nak' a& som ma* na e8te poma*80 a r'c(*e 80
po(yb, napr0k*ad s -iernymi bodkami na disk, papiera, na ro&nake 7ro&ni ako & sek [. Co*n pre8ie*. Jredpok*ad2 i/b, bo* ro&nak' t,, asi 1 e Z` /o d=a pre s+ & 1 sec ceste. " "1ys&et*enie to(to a&, by som sa ani neod&2.i*., To e ako keby ste &eno&a+, akon2(*e pra&ide*n pr0rodn sek7nd bi e obro&sk po/ornosti. T'm, .e predpok*ad2te, ako sn2_ dokonca, ako sa -*o&ek c0ti, .e o-ak2&an' n2rast, ako to predt'm, ne. nao/a e pre&eden pri p,to&anie (&ie/da, ktor2 mene po/ornosti, som &.dy prinies+ podnik, na no&'c( miestac( na &edomie, d,8e, aby to +a.k, d&e (eteroDnne obc(ody, po-,+ a &idie+, robi+ nara/, ako by my8*ienka /obra/en s&ete*n' bod nac((inke do ine doby edn(o, ktor' f7ka mene dba+ na t7*a& (&ie/dy s &<-80m /2, mom s*ed, e, a tak ce/ ne(o *ieta+ be/ /asta&enia &o &o)nom samo/re me /&,kom, 2no, dokonca a &idie+ be.a+ pred n0m. " "Jre s&et*o b*ik2 p*at0 o&e)a +a.8ie nasta&i+ podobn' be/pe-n7 met;d, po/oro&ania. %ie-o podobn by sa t, predpok*ad2, sek,ndy bi e, ako sa o-ak2&a*o a&y, preto.e to &y.ad, e, a*e po tom, -o c0ti b*esk ako prek&api&' &/()ad. To m2m, t'm &<-8ia e neistota t'c(to po/oro&an0 preto, .e ednod,c(o nem5.e by+ ,&eden, tie. sa ,k2/a*o nepriamo & po/oro&an0 n2s*edn me8kanie " pr0*i8 &e)a inform2ci0 / t'c(to d5b ". od(od*an' nie &on " A- chce(e predch'd" &%cich pri #ych uveden/ch d=vodov so# s e.(e po v.eo!ecnho h2 dis- . V"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e po#ery psychoL3y"ic- pohy!y s% #i#o n .u !e"pros(redne& vn$# vos(i6 #us$#e v"i D do %v hy pri vo2!e #ed"i r="ny#i #o>n/#i predpo-0 dov dr> D s (oho6 1o u#o>Uu&e 3 -(y o n &&ednoduch.$ n &%p0ne&.ie v ;us ##enh nL<e preds( vu&%. Ter " s u-'>e6 -o s v"D hy #ed"i vedo#ou nevedo#ou preds('v6 sp'no!denie6 v.eo!ecn .peci'0ne vedo#ie & vov v -r'(-ych6 v.eo!ecn pod#ien-y du.evnho >ivo( ve2#i &ednoduch uspo-o&u&%ce psychoL3y"ic-' repre"en('ci vych'd" " predpo-0 du6 >e pr h -oncep( preniesD n psychic-o# & 3y"ic-o# pohy!e &e6 !y 1o nie &e #o>n6 - &eden v"d'v ho0d op 1nho predpo-0 du. Po (o# v.e(-o#6 -(or X*e#ys0$# si6 >e (o &e neis( hypo(" 6 0e n po>i d v-e v.e(-/ch re'0ne& si(u'cie6 n -(or #us$#e vych'd" D6 0e s-=r (o6 >e vn$# nie psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 pre(o>e (o "'vis$ n podne(y6 po-i 2 ide o "'-0 dn v"orce #er nie v"orce6 po -(ore& s !ude v"D hov D i! n psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y n #ies(o s(i#u0 1nho preds( viD6 po (e& #iery6 v (/ch(o v"or-'ch. Ten(o pre-0 d "'vis0os(i n poci(e " von- &.$ch podne(ov v "'vis0os(i n po#ere psychophysic 0 pohy!u n . do-(r$n &e pri& (' v "'s de v.e(-/ch ris- n(n/ch pod#ieno- o!#ed"en$6 " d r#o6 -(or s% s('0e pred#e(o# v o!0 s(i von- &.$ch psycho3y"i-y. ?us$#e si uvedo#iD6 v spredu6 >e n .e " 0o>en' n pr'vnych v"orcov @e!er vo v"D hu - von- &.e& podne(y 0en v ur1i(/ch eOperi#en('0nych o!#ed"en$6 0en s vi c 1i #ene& vyso-/ s(upeU "!0$>eni 6 i! " rovn - von- &.ie #on('>ne sp=so!o# s(i#u0u podo!n #=>e preu-'" D vn%(orn/ s( v ci(0ivos(iK >e -on.( n(y b, & n .e v"orce nie s% s-u(o1ne -on.( n(n'6 0e #en$ v "'vis0os(i n "#ene (e&(o si(u'cie. A0e nie0en " !r Uu&e ni1 pri& D6 0e v pr$p de6 >e &e nie-edy v/"n #n
3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i (e0o# #ys2ou6 s#e n%(en$ predpo-0 d D6 >e p0 (nosD "'-onov6 -(or sp'& &% ve2-osD (yp poci( ve2-os(i pov he psychic-o# & 3y"ic-o# pohy!e 6 !e"pod#iene1n/ neo!#ed"en/ &e rovn -o do!r/ -o p0 (nos(i v pr$rode ove2 opr'vnene& <r vi( 1nho "'-on 6 ( ->e -edy -de &e (ie> rovn -% ve2-osD (yp psycho#o(oric- pohy!u pr$(o#n/6 v>dy rovn -% ve2-osD (yp s%visi ci poci( &e pr$(o#n/6 >e v.e(-y odch/0-y -(or n'&de#e n p0 (nos(i "'-on @e!er n "'-0 de v"orcov vo v"D hu - von- &.ie podne(y6 0en odpo1$v D v Uo#6 >e rovn - von- &.$ podne( nie &e vy<enerov n' " v.e(-/ch o-o0nos($ rovn -e& ve2-os(i psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y. To &e (ie> 0en v"'&o#n% "'vis0osD #ed"i v n .ich v"or-'ch s-u(o1ne v"'&o#n/ch "'v5"n. Po(o# s#e s n o" & 0en #=cD poved D &P psychoL3y"ic-/ pohy! ne#=>e !yD pr$(o#n/ -o pod2 (oho6 vedo# 1i nevedo# poci(y &e pr$(o#n/6 pre(o>e #=>e#e poved D6 poci( ne#=>e !yD pr$(o#n/6 pre(o>e v s%0 de s (/#6 -o hnu(ie s hodno( &e pr$(o#n/6 >e ( - d0ho6 -o s#e s " s( vi0i n von- &.ie podne(y6 &e von- &.$ podne( po> dov ne& ( # podr'>denosD6 n prie(o#u >i dny poci( n s( D6 - ne-on 0 n "'-0 de i#pu0"u6 vr'( ne s-0 dov ni " vhodn/ch von- &.$ch pod#ieno-6 n op - vn%(orn poci(y -o #=>e !yD6 !e" von- &.ie podne(y s% ( #. Av. - pro(i (o#u -o #=>e v"niesD n'#ie(-u. Ceden nie &e poch/! o (o#6 >e d n/ "#ys0ov vn$# nie ne#=>e eOis(ov D !e" (oho6 !y d n 3y"ic- "#eny !ud% prinies0oK 0e vy> du&e vy(vorenie (e&(o 3y"ic- "#eny (ie> o!r'(i0 n d n/ poci( dopredub *e#=>u rovn - pohy!y6 -(or po(re!u&e poci( pr$sD - povo0eniu6 (ie> pos(upov D pod2 T 0.$ch o-o0nos($6 !e" (oho !y !o0 sprev'd" n/ poci(o#6 0e!o vy-on'v D in poci(y v in/ch o-o0nos($K ( - n &#5 v "'vis0os(i n (o#6 1i s od (e& do!y s pos(upu&e v or< ni"#och6 0e!o vo von- &.o# sve(e6 0e!o v r="nych or< ni"#ochb Ce (o(i> nesporn6 0en (o6 >e &eden #' po(o# #o>no o1 -'v D6 >e T 0.ie o-o0nos(i ni s s " (oho6 >e poci( &e pod#ienen6 "'vis06 0e!o s% v n .e& (0 1ov 3un-cie. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e nie s% "'vis0 n &edno# #ies(e e.(e ni1 ro"hodnu( o -/ -on(eO( &e pripo&en/6 ( ->e #o>nosD "os('v & sn6 >e v"h2 do# - pohy!u v d no# souvisicich niesD poci( dop0nen$# v"D hu - p0n#u s( vu poci(u6 v. -6 oni nes% v ino# nie nie do-on1iD pripo&enie - ne#u. Tie> #=>e "'0e>i(osD n n s0edu&%ce spe-(y do %v hyP -eT #=>e !yD prid n/ reD "ec6 !e" (oho !y !o0 pripo&en/ - hus0i #6 rovn -/# sp=so!o# s vi!r'ci #i6 -o pre(o6 >e &e pripo&en/ - hus0i #6 !y (o (ie> d D rovn -/ (EnK 0e #=>e pos-y(n%D i! .vih n hus0e po0e6 ( - vy(v'r D ( -% odo"vu6 -o &e (o#u. A (ie> nie-(or6 -(or -0!- !y v pr$p de6 >e pri&$# &% (ie(o pohy!y #i#o or< ni"#u s% (ie spo&en pohy!y #oho0 d D & nervov v (e0e6 pr've ( -/ch poci(ov I-(or !y #oh0i !yD presunu( do sve(ovho duch 6 !y nedo.0o - pohy!u do pr'"dn 6 'no6 vi!r'cie !y s e.(e po-r 1ov D n sve(eF6 0e ne#=>u pos-y(n%DK a >d/ or< ni"#us &e (rochu "v0'.(ny druh n's(ro& 6 -(or/ #=>e produ-ov D .peci'0ne (ypy pohy!u v "'vis0os(i od .peci3$- &eho " ri denie6 -(or ni-(o in/ ne#=>e produ-ov D n's0edne (ie> vy(voriD "odpoved &%ce po(re!n psycho0o<ic- "v0'.(nos(i ;us(5nd0ich-ei(en.
777I7. G!n!r+,n' v.)na/ &rah6 vo vn21orn.%h &s'%ho(') k'.

aon(r s( pries-u#u n pr hu &eden po(openie pod pr ho# n pr hov/ch !odov #ed"i &e o!0 sD poci(ov ( - "v0'.(ne. )e0/ duchovn/ >ivo( 10ove- s s(ried #ed"i sp'n-o# !den$#6 >e &e v !e"vedo#$ vedo#e& s( v6 pre!udenie &edno(0iv o!0 s(i v - >do# odde0en$ &edno(0iv/ch & vov po(o# #=>e pre-ro1iD pr h 0e!o -0esne pod Uu. PsychoL3y"ic-' repre"en('cie "o v.e(-/ch X6 -(or' #us$ !yD nu(ne v"'&o#ne s% " 0o>en n rovn -o# princ$pe. S#e psycho#o(oric- repre"en('cie vedo#i !e"vedo#ie nie-de v !e"pe1$ n's ( - n%(i -on(eO( s-u(-ov/ch o-o0nos($ n's0ed-ov s0edov nie s - "ov.eo!ecnenie "'ver. A !e" (oho6 !y vede06 psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y pod0ieh &%ce n .e vedo#ie & vov6 (o & !e" 3un-cie vedieD (o is(6 >e pre -%"0o &e po(re!n n hr diD v n .o# #er n$ v"orc 6 "ov.eo!ecnenie s-u(o1nos(i6 &e pos( 1u&%ce6 !y rovn - psychoL3y"ic- pohy!y 0e!o "#eny ce" ur1i(/ s(upeU si0y niesD vedo#i 6 !e"vedo#ie pod ur1i(e& #iery6 u> pos-y(u&% ve2#i v.eo!ecn spe-(y se! s #ho6 vyvodiD d=0e>i( "'very. Pripo#eU#e si s(ru1ne "'-0 dy (e&(o d=0e>i( "ov.eo!ecnenie sp5D po"ri(e s n -ur"e v o1 -'v n$ ich. Sp=so! p=so!eni podne(ov !o0o s-=r n r de &e po(re!n -on.( (ov D6 n po0i von- &.$ch psychophysics s-u(o1nosD6 >e (o6 1o v"ru.u&e poci( "von-u6 #usi pre-ro1iD ur1i(/ s(upeU si0y6 !y si !o0i vedo#$. To &e n s0edov n vi " n' n cnos(i pre-0 de s(i#u0u v psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y n &prv - "'veru6 >e6 >e vyvo0 n s(i#u0 preds( vov 0 psycho#o(oric- 1innosD6 !y s vedo#ie #us$ !yD vy..$ -o ur1i(/ s(upeU pevnos(i. Dis-usie v n s0edu&%cich - pi(o0'ch o sp'n-u !de0os(i po"ornos(i6 !ude s pripo&i0 u-'" D6 >e (o6 1o p0 ($ pre "#yse0n "v0'.(ne & vy6 -(or #=>u !yD preveden n v.eo!ecn povedo#ie v.eo!ecn & vy vedo#i . T'(o po(re! v"ni-ne6 !y n's osvie(i0 o v"D hu6 v -(oro# &e %roveU v.eo!ecnho povedo#i &e n pr hu -on-r(nych & vov vedo#i . Dis-usi o s-%senos(n v"D h #ed"i %1in-o# po"ornos(i podne(ov v - pi(o0e ZG s pou>i&e6 1o #o>no vyvodiD " v.eo!ecn %v hy predpo-0 d &% v (o#(o s#ere do-'" D spo0upr'cu do0 denie v.e(-/ch s-%senos(n/ch v"D hu - ne&6 po#er -ro-6 1o v n's d r1e-y6 &e -one1ne n ZR. - p. & " n's #=>e po-r 1ov D. To vyp0/v " "'s dn/ v/"n # n (o6 pr hov hodno(y pre ce0/ v/vo& vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-yK (o !y6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 1o &e& or< ni"#us !e" oddie0ov6 re"y6 pre(o !e" or<'nov -on1 ($n. O (o# v.e(-o#6 (er#$n #' psycho#o(oric- pr h6 n &d=0e>i(e&.$ v/"n # pr've v (o#6 >e do-onc d'v pevn/ "'-0 d pre -oncepciu !e"vedo#i . Psycho0E<ie ne#=>e !s(r hov D od nevedo#/ch poci(ov6 #y.0ieno-6 'no %1in-ov nevedo#/ch poci(ov6 #y.0ieno-. A0e -o s spr'v D6 1o nie &eK 0e!o -edy v !e"vedo#$ poci(6 #y.0ien- n (en6 -(or/ ne#'#e in/b Ro"die0 #us$ !yD6 0e -o (o &e6 !y !o0o & sn6b A -de &e od (e& do!y n'&sD & snosD o (o#b
Text original
Vid$# (o v s-u(o1nos(i -o
&eden " n &-r &.$ch v/s0ed-y n .e& (eErie6 >e &e (o & snosD (/#6 poci(6 0e!o 1o (o &e " s( vu vedo#i 6 s nie1$#6 1o "'0e>$6 nie n "'-0 de sporn% .pe-u0'cie6 0e nepopier (e2n s-%senos(i vy-0 d D v ( -o# 3un-1no# v"D hu6 -(or/ #=>e pre(rv'v D nie1o6 v. -6 on #01$. Poci(y6 #y.0ien-y s s #o"re&#e " s( vi0 v s( ve !e"vedo#i eOis(ov D -o re'0ne6 - s% !s(r -(n r'#u&e svo&u "'-0 dUu6 0e &e (o nie1o6 n v n's6 psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y6 -(or/ch 3un-cie s%6 - #o>nos(i reL v"ni- &%ci -op " poci(u "'vis$6 pod2 (oho6 -o s -#i( nie >ivo( 0e!o .peci'0ne vn%(orn 0e!o von- &.ie pr$1iny pohy!u "v/r "nenie op5D n d hr nicouK (en(o pohy! #=>e !yD (ie> v hre o vedo#e& psychoL3y"ic- pohy!y6 -(or p (ri do ine& & vy vedo#i 6 " si hnuD sp=so!iD "#eny v -(orho pr$1in "os('v pre n's v !e"vedo#$.
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A- s 6 rovn -o -o # &% n vo0 nie s hodno(ou psychic-e& n'ro1nos(i nu0ove& prirod"ene !e" oh2 du n -/-o2ve- o!r'"o-6 pr h vedo#i 6 -de s vy-on'v pre!udenie " sp'v nie6 s#e 0en ( - prirod"ene !e" oh2 du n n .e v o!0 s(i ch von- &.ie psycho3y"i-y u> " 0o>en' n'"or # &% pop$s D v"os(up & snos(i vedo#i o (o# s -0 dn/#i hodno( #i6 -(or "vy.u&% od pre!udeni v prve&6 po(o# "n$>(e op5D po " sp n$6 po(o# (ie> ne#=>e si nev.i#n%D6 r s(%c prehH!enie sp'n-u pod pr ho#6 rovn -o -o pop$s D s r s(%cou "'porn hodno(y6 -(or n'. s-or.$ poh2 d n vedo#ie "'porn hodno(y pren'. -o v !e"vedo#$ hodno(y poci(u n ce0-ov% vedo#ie6 "ov.eo!ecnenie ro".$renie predch'd" &%ceho pos( venie vyp0/v s%1 sne. * s0edu&%ce dis-usie #=>u po#=cD " !e"pe1iD (%(o "'-0 dn% -oncepciu n .e& pre&edn'v ne& veci. S( v sp'n-u "'vis$ pr$1inne spo0u so s( vo# !deni . Du. s # o se!e po(re!u&e sp'no-6 !y s pre!udi0 po(o# #=>e6 #us$ s po"er 0i dosD6 !y #oh0i sp DK 'no nor#'0ne "odpoved' hH!-e sp'n-u n chheri<e s(upeU >ivosDou. D' s sp D d0h% do!u - "0yh niu6 0e!o u(e-' n's s'# o se!e6 -eT #yse2 &e neo!y1 &ne n p5(' 0e!o v"ru.eni K 0e po(o# o!vy-0e n s0edu&e ( - d0h.$ h0!.$ sp'no-. Ce (o pre(o6 rovn -o -o v0n K hH!- p'du v/.-u v/s(upu hri de2 v"h2 do# n "odpoved &% %rovni v"'&o#ne "'vis0K ne#=>e(e v/pis " po(openi pod h0 dinu -o ni1K 0e #' de-v'(ne
" s(%penie po#erov -0es' pod %roveU s(%p n d %rovUou6 -(or'. -o prechod n ne< ($vne6 !y s (o -o prechod do -0 dn/ch hodn=( v"h2 do# n nu0ov hodno(y v/.-y n %rovni A ( - &eden ne#=>e !s(r -(n -o " nie pre du.e6 -(or s (/- &% +e!ensos"i00 (ion du.u nie0en n pre!udenie "o sp'n-u do!reK 0e pre!uden$ du. &e n Os"i00 (ionshjhe6 sp D Os"i00 (ions(ie3e pod pr ho# vedo#i 6 o"n 1$#e %roveU vedo#i s -0 dn/#i hodno( #i6 pre(o #us$#e !yD rovn -o nevyhnu(n pop$s D hH!-u sp'n-u s ne< ($vny#i hodno( #i. A- !y s(e chce0i (% pro(i -#i( niu psychic-/ch in(en"$( u" vrieD s !de0o# s( ve6 n in(en"i(e po1 s sp'n-u v. de 0en pop$s D s nu0ou6 ( ->e >ivo( du. !ude " s(%pen' h0 sne&.$ v do!e od se! odde0en6 odde0en nu00 s( vov vedo#i 6 osci0'ciou6 s-=r ne> " s(%penie v s( ve sp'n-u ne< ($vny#i in(en"i(y chvenie >ivo( du.e neus('0e pripo&en/ v se!e v nepre(r>i(o# s (/- >ivo( v (e0e6 n -(or s Goo<0e v !de0o# s( ve6 "#i"ne. Ce nesporn6 #o>no n'&sD6 i! druh/6 nie &e !/v 0/ re>i# " s(%penie "odpoved &%ce. PoT#e s (er " n "v'>enie 3y"ic-e& s(r ne sp'n-u. kivo(n si0 ce0ho n'.ho (e0 s o!& v$ v sp'n-u s "n$>i0 RF . Pu0" d/ch nie spo# 2u&e6 (ep0o( (e0 s "ni>u&e6 "ni>u&e vy0u1ov nie #o1u6 -yse0iny uh0i1i(e&6 v=U 6 - -(ivi(y #o"<u6 n &#5 s (/- 6 1o #'#e pov >ov D " nosi(e2 vedo#i & vov6 psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 -o u> hovor$ " s( venie (/ch(o & vov v.e(-y do!rovo2n hnu(i 6 (o & pre "n$>enie (/ch(o 1innos($6 &e (ie> 3 -(6 >e #o"o< -0es' v sp'n-u6 1o &e #o>n po"orov D v Sch5de0ver\undun<en pod2 Sch5de03on( ne00en # 0 de(i # &% pr$0e>i(osD6 uviedo06 >e #ene& -rvi ne> v !de0o# s( ve do (o-y v #o"<u6 (/# po# 0.$ pu0" (ie> hovor$ pre po# 0.$ B0u(u#(rie! v #o"<u. A0e v. de vid$#e6 prin &#en.o# > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 s !oh (s(vo# vi( 0i(u B0u(u#(rie!es "v/.iD svo&e 3un-cie v sys(#e u#/v d0o.
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S(ru1ne poved n6 o!#ed"enie pohy!ove& -(ivi(y6 -(or s% pred#e(o# vedo# & vy6 -(or #=>e(e pou>iD - pochy!nos(i #K 0e #oh0o !y (o " u&$# 0o6 1i (o(o "n$>enie nie &e $sD do s-u(o1ne& odvy- nie. A& -eT ro"hodne ne" s( v$ ce0% #o"<ov% -(ivi(uK 0e (o !y 0e ( - 1innos(i6 -(or s% "o svo&e& pov hy vhodn/ s0%>iD vedo#i 6 psycho#o(oric-6 #=>e pres( D %p0ne v sp'n-u !e" snovK 'no6 (en(o n'"or !y #oho0 "ei(her -o n &prirod"ene&.$ o!& v$. ?ed"i(/#6 v prvo# r de hovor$ o po(re!e pre r s(%ce prehH!enie sp'n-u psycho#o(oric- s%vis0os(i s n'r s(o# vedo#ie 3or("uerh 0(en v !deni . Vypne psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y po ce0o# chv$2 ch " sp'v nie6 psycho#o(oric- s%vis0os(i s pri& ($# sp'n-u &e preru.en/6 " (i 2 1o v pr$p de psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y -0es' so " sp'v n$# 0en do ur1i(ho 0i#i(u6 pr hu6 prehH!enie sp'n-u6 &eho v"os(up vedo#ie "odpoved &%ce v/r " n'&den/ v ch=d"i po psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y pod (ou(o hr nicou. T'(o 3or#'0n po(re!y pr$sD n po#oc s-%senos($6 -(or s v"D hu&% -
pre!udeniu " sp'v nie. A - (o nie &e s #o o se!e !y # 0o !yD %p0ne "'v5"n s'#6 ( ->e s% ( # e.(e.6 V spo&en$ s predch'd" &%ci#i uh0ov poh2 du v"h2 do# n (o6 1o s#e u> preni-o0 - n'# s( (uieren n "v0'.(no# 3eno#ne poci(u Sp nie #=>e !yD pre!uden/ #ies(ne& podne(6 nech (o !o0o 1o-o2ve-6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(orho sen"oric- nervy #u (ie> pr$s(up ( -y. Tr s6 !od v6 s(r- D6 .(e-0enie6 -v p-u hor%ceho pe1 (n/ vos- n -o>u6 s(uden "'roveU odh 0i0 r nu6 n'h0e & sn sve(0o6 -(or s "d' !yD nie-de ce" o1n vie1- 6 do-onc & ne"n'#e p chy QF #=>e pre!udiD sp'1 .Rovn -/ %spech podne(u6 -(or/ sp=so!$6 >e s pos(upne "vy.u&e -u#u0'ciu v/- 0ov #o1u v prie!ehu sp'n-u. A-/ &e v.eo!ecn/ %spech (/ch(o s(i#u0 n(ovb To6 >e eOci('ci nervovho sys(#u &e vy(voren'6 -(or/ s .$ri do #o"<u. * #ies(o sp=so!6 -o &e - ni1o#u6 - s d' us%diD " pr Oe6 0e i! n si0e s do %v hy6 >e si0n/ ro"die0 podne(ov s'# preds( vu&e si0n/ s(i#u06 1$# s v/r "ne "ni>u&e "n'#ou s(i#u0 1n/ "'-on o ni1 #ene& v"ru.u&%ce #=>e6 -o si0n/ s(i#u06 do-onc & s0 !/ podne( SF #=>e 2 h-o p=so!iD pre!uden$6 -eT &e sp=so!i0/ pre s(r'>e sp'& &% si0n eOci('ciu s n$#. V op 1no# pr$p de6 - >d/ podne( &e nee3e-($vne6 > pre-ro1$ ur1i(% #ieru si0y6 sp=so!$6 >e nepochy!ne pre!uden$6 - &e vy..i -o ( -e&6 ( - d0ho6 -o &e 10ove- e.(e s('0e &e schopn/ pre!udiD. A0e (ich.$ -%"0o &eden6 0en #ene& si0n/ %1ino- rovn -ho druhu produ-(ov6 ne> n -(or/ sp'& pre!udenie. T ->e (o nepr$de -o s-u(o1nosD6 >e oso!i(n/ druh v"ru.eni "v0'.(ne #ies(o6 0e s dos( (o1nou in(en"i(ou s( ne nie-de ne& -o v o!0 s(i psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 ( -6 >e pre!udenie %spechyK rovn -o -o &e pre pre!udenie ur1i( poci( pri pre!uden$ 0en vy> du&e ur1i(% si0u s(i#u0u. A0e s-=r6 ne> po> dov ne& pevnos(i !o0o dosi hnu(6 -o (u ( # r s(% ne%spe.n% psychoL3y"ic-% -(ivi(u do (e& do!y6 r s(6 0e !yD pr$(o#n/. XV"h2 do# - (o#u6 ne"ried- s s('v 6 >e 2udi s pre!udi0 < n<renE"ne "'p ch " po>i ru.X IBurd ch6 Physio0. ,,,6 s ZQNF
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Burd ch hovor$6 >e v is(o# "#ys0e6 v/s(i>ne IPhysio0. ,,,6 s ZQNFP X - s(e ne# 0i po1uD v sp'n-u s'#6 0e i! po pre!uden$ c$(i06 >e (o ne#=>e !yD pre!uden/ &eden.X Po1uD c$(iD6 0e u> v &eho sp'n-u6 rovn -o -o v !de0o# s( ve6 neeOis(ov 0 !y >i dny ro"die0 #ed"i do!ou6 ne> s pre!%d" D po pre!uden$. Ter " ro"die0 #=>e !yD 0en (o6 >e > do pre!udeni psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y "os('v pod pr h doch'd" u pre!uden$ ce" pr h. A0e (o is( s de&e pos(upn/# r s(o# podne(o# - vy"dvihu&e pre!udenie #us$ pre!ieh D v do!rovo2no# pr$s(upe - pre!udeniu6 !y s # Oi#'0ne vo chv$2 ch n &v51.e& hH!-y sp'n-u <5n"0iches odvy- nie psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 -o &e (o #o>n6 & -eT !y nie &e o-o0nosD ro!i0 -o pr vdepodo!n6 >e #=>e(e "o!r "iD. #,rdac( _a*8ie po/n2mky (str. aM1)\ "ke_ -*o&ek sp0 pri po-7&an0 ro/(o&or, a*ebo &yst7penia -i predn28ky, a &y dostanete (ore, tak.e &iete, .e pos*edn s*o&2, ktor2 bo*a &yriekn,t, ne. sa preb7d/a+, napr0k*ad pos*edn' nasta&i+, ak e to kr2tke, a*e
be/ konte6t, staro&ek, .... 1iac &8eobecne, e to, .e nikto ne&ie, ktor' e ra/ /ob,di*, be/ o()ad, na preb,denie po preb,den0 ,. nemo.no &n0ma+ e. " Tie s7 samo/re me fakty, .e po-as sp2nk, sa ,k2., na psyc(omotorick n2k*onnos+, ktor' m2 r2d by+ s ana*;Do&'m, ktor2 sa kon2, ke_ sme po-7&a+ re-i & ro/pty*e a n2s*edne pam<ta+ / nic(: ktor sme ,. disk,to&a*i. Feno#n sp'n-u vedie6 0e v op 1no# s#ere6 s rovn -/# v/s0ed-o#. a dispo"$cii !ude v.e(-o &ednoduch.ie6 (/# vi c v.e(-y #ies(ne von- &.ie podne(y s% dr> n6 #ene& v=!ec6 (o &e vedo#ie "'-0 dn' 1innosD nervovho sys(#u6 respe-($ve #o"<u6 0o-'0ne "vy.u&e 0o-'0nu !o0esD 0e!o "v0'.D s%s(reden/ n p5(ou po"ornosDou -6 (/# vi c s rovno#erne&.ie v rovn -e& do!e6 -edy &e dis(ri!uov n/. To (er " ne#=>e # D %spech6 >e (o &e nie-de o-o0o nu0y6 0e do!re pochopi06 ( -6 >e !0$>i ce s &eseU sp$ vi c vi c do o!#ed"enosD v/-onn6 pos0edn/ 0en ve2#i s0 !/ n d pr hov% u0o>en vrcho0 psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y "o s(r ny n s( venie s (/#6 1o &e u> pod hr nicou6 & -0esn%D pod pr hov% hodno(u6 pre(o sp'no- #=>e !yD. ;'vis$ !de0osD 0en v ( -o# #ies(no# "v/.enie6 dis(ri!%ci 6 #us$ !yD s #o"re&#e sp=so!u&e6 >e sp'no-. V s-u(o1nos(i po(re!u&e#e pre n .e& po"ornos(i6 0e 0en v osp 0osD ni1 "v0'.(neho s vi c " #er D6 ( - s#e sp D n o" &. V p0ne& s(r'>cov6 -de psycho#o(oric- -(ivi( &e vyso-'6 (o nepod r$6 & -eT 10ove- ro".$ri0 svo&u po"ornosD rovn -/# sp=so!o#6 pre(o>e n s( veni "hro# >den/ch su##i(e s "vy.o- #=>e 1innosD neprin'. do0e pod hr nicou6 v. -6 o!r'(i0 n ve2#i n$"-e& sp'n-u & si0n #ies(ne& podne(y #=>u !yD nedos( (o1n n procedur'0nych n'vrhov o pr h (/# sp=so!iD pre!udenie. To po(o# &e (ie> in.pir ($vne vp0yv "ru.enie o!vy-0/ch podne(y v"D hu. H0 sn/ h0u- n's pre!%d" K 0e #0yn'r pre!ud$6 rovn -o -o v pr$p de6 >e priechod #0yn "v/.i06 sp'1 v -os(o0e6 -eT - " (e2 hovoriD6 ein<esun<ene o do&1 ('6 -edy ses(r pres( ne spiev D sp D v noci sve(0 "'vis0/#i6 -edy no1n sve(0o "h sne6 hn c$ -oniec6 -eT u(o s(o&$ s('0e v u(e. V %n vn/ch pochodov vo& ci sp$ do!re & pri ch=d"i pre!udiD6 -eT s %dr>! vy-on'v . Ter " vp0yv o!vy-0/ch s(i#u0ov6 vr'( ne po1 s !deni ! viD ( - &edno(n% ve2-osD ro"de0enie psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y6 -(or' s >i dny poci(6 -o n druhe& p #5(i. A- nie-de "! ven/ nie-(or " (/ch(o podne(ov6 (/# preh0!u&e psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y n #ies(ne& %rovni6 (o s "dvihne6 !y s-=r dis-u(ov n/ch "'-onov6 -(or s% spo&en do sporu s " chov ni ener<ie6 s #o o se!e6 n vy.e6 #=>e !yD ri den ce" pr h. To v.e(-o s v"D hu&e n 3 n('"iu &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e !ude repre"en( ($vn i! preds( vivosDou v s%visi cich >e psycho#o(oric- 1innosD6 -(or' &e pred#e(o# n .e& ce0-ove& vedo#i v sp'n-u -0esne pod pr hov% hodno(u6 pre(o !e" pres( ni . A- !y s(e chce0i6 !y -on(r s( "o!r "enie #ys0i 6 >e pre!udenie &e spo&en/ "v0'.(ny# procesu v #o"<u6 -(or v"ni-' i! vo chv$2 ch pre!uden$ v=!ec6 ( ->e !y s predpo-0 d D6 >e s0 ! podne(y6 -(or do(er " sp=so!u&% pre!udenie6 ne!ude #=cD pre-on D ne& -% pre-'>-u6 -(or' s s( vi pro(i po"rieD v &edne& 3or#e 0e!o v"ni-u (/ch(o 1innos($6 poh2 d6 -(or/ s#e dis-u(ov 0i s-=r v s%vis0os(i s poci(#i n o!r'"os povo"o# >e sporn 3 -(y. ?o>no6 0e &eden #' (u T 0.$ o!r'"o-6 -(or/ chce(e po#=cD. ?oho0 !y (o !yD6 -o v p rnou 0o-o#o($vou6 -de ur1i(' si0 6 &eden " nich s o!r'(iD ven(i0 d D do prev'd"-yK -/# s nedosi hne (e&(o si0y6 s(ro& s(o&$.?oho0
podne(y6 -(or sp=so!$ pre!udenie6 nie &e " s(%pen/ (o o(o1en$# ven(i0ub V s-u(o1nos(i6 ( -/ poh2 d #' v se!e ni1 ne#o>nK 0e ( # s% dve s-u(o1n !ody pro(i ne&P &edn 6 >e o>ivenie &e vi " n/ podne( - ne& -e& "v0'.(ny (v r u#ies(nenie n podr'>denieK -o (o &e pre!udenie 1innos(i p rnho #o(or o('1 n$# ven(i0uK v -o# oh2 de n &#5 pre!uden$ "ru.enie -ho-o2ve- "n'#eho podne(u pre!udenie s'# ce" ce0 s0 !/ch podne(ov6 0e s% schopn$ spo&iD so si0n/# n'"n -o# po"ornos(i v !deni 6 !y !o0o ce0-o# ne"ro"u#i(e2n/K" druh6 >e so "v/.en$# s(i#u0u " #ies(o#6 -de s sp=so!$ pre!udenie6 psychoL3y"ic-' -(ivi( s (ie> "vy.u&e6 1o #' " n's0edo- 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# do- "u&e pri #o6 -(or/ (ed #' (ie> pr$0e>i(osD po-r 1ov D pod !odo# pre!udenie " (i 2 1o si0 6 -(or' s o('1 ven(i0 p rnho s(ro& (/# s( novu&e v -cii6 po(o# u> ni1 T 0e& prispiev pros(redn$c(vo# svo&ho "is-u "osi0niD si0u s(ro& 6 ( ->e nie &e 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i podne(o# psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y n d r'#ec !odu pre!uden$ * vy.e !y s d 0o o1 -'v D 0e &e 3 -(. A- ve"#e#e s-=r Prero-ov nie do %v hy6 1o "n #en'6 >e #=>e#e dr> D s # o se!e od=vodUov 0 s ur1i(ou pr vdepodo!nosDou v o!0 s(i vn%(orn/ch psychophysics " (o( 0i(y vedo#ie6 #er nie v"orc K prid'#e pr$sne&.ie d=vody6 >e s n ch'd" &% v o!0 s(i von- &.e& pre "v0'.(ny 3eno#n poci(6 ( - (o #' " n's0edo- rovn -e& do!e v"'&o#nho posi0Uov ni <ener 0i"'ci " o!och d=vodov. V s-u(o1nos(i6 sp'n-o# !den$# dis-usie #us$ !yD v0o>en/ ne< ($vnych po"i($vnych hodn=( v psychic-e& o!0 s(i pod2 vy..ie uvedenhoK hr nic #ed"i ni#i nedoch'd" n nu0ov% hodno(u6 0e -one1n hodno(y pod-0 dovho 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y. V (o#(o ro"s hu &e n v.e(-/ch 3un-ci$ #ed"i du.evne& 1innos(i ro"s hu "'-0 dn pohy!ov -(ivi(y eOis(u&e6 #us$ !yD ( -'6 !y 3un-ci (ie(o v"D hy s% repre"en(ov n neho. Tie(o 3un-cie #=>u !yD sporn > !e"po1e(K s'# s nech' ur1$ %v hy "$s- D "'-0 dn po#er # Oi#'0ne& &ednoduchos(i6 rovn -o -o eOis(enci v "#ys0e T 0.$ch "'-0 dn/ch "'-onov .iro-/6 ( ->e si #=>e(e 0en v"orc ] k 0o< s(o& n. V0 s(ne so# h2 d 06 predo #nou s('0 %d &e s-%senos(i " @e!erov "'-on n ponu-y6 v ( - ro"hodnu(i ch pri& (/ch 3eno#ny sp'n-u !deni h0 vn% "'-0 dUu v"orce6 -(or6 -o hovor$#6 v his(oric-e& - pi(o0e6 -edy prv/-r'( s #nou n spe-(y vn%(ornho psycho3y"i-y "ri di0 . A0e pr$sne&.ie od=vodnenie !ude #o>n' 0en v s%0 de so "'-ono# n @e!er s pr$d v-o# - (o#u6 " -one1nho pr hov hodno(y s(i#u0u. B0ove- s #=>e 1udov D6 1o ro!$#e s n .$# poh2 do# n sp'n-u s sny. *esporn6 >e 10ove- #' ur1i(/ druh !de0os(i e.(e >i dnu s-u(o1n% !de0osD v nich. V is(o# "#ys0e6 vedo#ie s o!& v$ pod pr ho#6 v is(o# "#ys0e &e (o o (o#. Ce #o>n n'&sD psycho#o(oric- repre"en('cie pre neb Pod2 #=&ho n'"oru v. -6 0e d D i#6 #us$ i! po#er vere&nho povedo#i svo&ich "v0'.(nych & vov6 vr'( ne snov o!r "y s% -o pre!uden$ #y.0ien-y6 !yD prero-ov n/ "o v.eo!ecnho h2 dis- 6 ( - IZGF !ude rie.iD &u v nes-or.e& - pi(o0e. *ehovori c o s-u(o1nos(i6 >e #us$ "os( D dos( (o1ne #on('> (0 - n #o"o< !e"pe1ne n vod"u&e sp'no-6 dedi1s(vo (oh(o (0 -u6 "dvihne (o "nov 6 -eT s
oh2 do# n sp'no-. Ce (o(i> nesporn6 (0 - n #o"o< sp=so!iD ni1 in6 ne> >e !0o-u&e ces(y pod#ieno- ru.$6 " -(or/ch >iv' p s'> " psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y "'vis$6 !o0o !y pred1 sn - "'veru6 >e prirod"en/ sp'no- &e (ie> " 0o>en' n (0 -u6 -o s-=r po(openie #o"e !yD sp=so!en (/#6 (0 -ov s(r (y vedo#i . A0e &e (o u#e0/ sp=so!6 s(0 1(e psychophysic 0 BinnosD her !"u6 po (o# v.e(-o#6 dosD v/r "ne6 #o>no nie nes%vis$ s (/#6 >e dos( (o1ne si0n/ (0 - n nerv (ie> dod D poci( podne( - #o"e e#p3indun<s"u0ei(ende podporov D proces poci( v/"n #ne ne0$.i . A0e #o>no s-=r -o#presie p0 vidie0 %1inn'6 po-i 2 nie &e spochy!Uov n6 prie(o- -rvi -rvn/ o!eh n "'! vu psycho#o(oric- procesy s% nevyhnu(n. A-6 vyceri0 pod2 (rephine6 0e!o --o2ve- por nenie 0e!-y6 (rv 0 (0 1$ #ies(o #o"e vs(%pi po"orov n% %spech " sp'v nie. Tie> n "vier ('ch uspieD v (o#(o po-use o H 00er6 - s(0 1$(e 0en dosD si0n/ vy(rv 0/. Prinieso0 psy vy"n 1u&% chr'p ni 8F . +en ( - sp=so!i0 3oder 9F u "vier ( pos(upn/# rovno#ern/ (0 - n s(redne& 1 s(i #o"u&% " --o2ve- n'hodn (0 - n #o"o<6 -o s vyr'! hro# d$ 0e!o pre0i (u -rvou 0e!o vody 0e!o hnisu 0e!o po#01-ou 0e!-y.D=vodo# !e"vedo#i v .o-u rie- s "vy1 &ne pod'v " ( -/ch(o o-o0nos($. ?u> # 0 !yD viden/6 -(orho 0e!- !o0 %p0ne s-os(n (en6 ( ->e #=>e(e s(0 1iD &eho #o"o< d D ho do s( vu #g(vice6 -(or' v. - ni1 #u u!0$>iD I@. Phi0ipp vo Phi0 o!chodov D. F 78MMF. Tie> s spina bifida !yD pos( ven/ n " dne& n'doru s "& vnou sp'n-u (0 -u "o s(r ny (0 -o# n hro# dene& vody n #o"no# s0ov "#ys0e6 v -(oro# s do(er " predpo-0 d'6 & v6 -(or/ dop d' n vedo#ie ce0e& oso!y 0e!o in - ce0% vedo#i 10ove- 6 predpo-0 d'6 >e ni-de nie &e psycho#o(oric- -(ivi( &e "v/.en' n d pr ho#. A0e v pr$p de6 >e poh2 d " #ies( ro".$renho du.e &e v/s(i>n/6 #us$ (o !yD #o>n6 >e psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y s-=r ne> "n$>enie (o "r "u %p0ne pod hr nicou6 (er " &e (u6 (er " vr'( ne -0es'6 >e 10ove- #=>e ( - 1i s(o1ne sp$ pre!udiD. Ten(o &ednoduch/ d=s0edo- (oho n'"oru6 " #ies( ro".$renho du. n'&de &eho rovn -o &ednoduch -o pri #e po(vrdenie n "'-0 de s-%senos($. a >d/ posun po"ornos(i - poci(u6 -o pre!udenie (oh(o poci(u6 - >d/ odvr'(iD6 -o s po('p do re>i#u sp'n-u6 " -(orho pre!%d" nie pod2 2u!ov=0e 0e!o podne(y #=>u pre!ieh D6 0en "ried- 0e!o ni-dy &e v.e(-o6 1o 10ove- s('0e r s(%ci #=>e !yD v s-u(o1nos(i e.(e hore. aeT &e 10ove- s(r (en/ v ( - h0!o-e& #y.0ien-y6 >e nie &e vidieD po1uD6 1o s de&e o-o0o neho6 <u0e v.e(-/ch von- &.$ch "#ys0ov sp$
rovn -o -o s-u(o1n/ sp'no-. ;#ys0ov s(i#u0 po(o# #us$ s$ce ( -6 -o (o 0en pre-ro1$ ur1i(% si0u6 ne> d'v "#yse0 s &edn'6 0e (ie> #u d'v rovn -o !e"pe1n -o ce0ho 10ove- 6 - &e v51.$ -o ( -e&. A& (en(o sp'no- von- &.$ch "#ys0ov #=>e rovn -o -o v.eo!ecn sp'no- preh0!u&e6 vi c 1i #ene&6 ( # s% s( vy vn%(orn eO('"y6 -de 10ove- s o(voren/#i o1 #i u. #i &e ( -#er nepriepus(n/ pre v.e(-y von- &.ie podne(y. * op -6 0e> 0 s #u>o#6 -(or/6 -o s hovor$6 v.e(-o v u<us(e X 0e!o uch nie &e 0en ( - ne& -/ in/ "#yse06 0e & ce0' o!0 sD vn%(ornho repre"en( 1n% 1innosD6 -(ore& psycho#o(oric- #ies(o6 s -(or/#6 & -eT s%visi ce so "#ys0ov/#i o!r "y od nes-or.$ch n'ro-ov6 -(or # &% !yD " d=vodov 0e nie (o(o>n6 se# & "y-ov pod#ien-y s% & n d=vody6 !y &u pri&$# &%. *ie0en6 >e #ed"i von- &.ou vn%(ornou s3ry 1innos(i vedo#i (%(o "#enu6 0e & #ed"i r="ny#i 1 sD #i rovn -. -o ce0o- s -on'
Pre!uden/ 10ove- r'no6 ( ->e n prv/ pre!udi06 !y so# ( - poved 06 0en &eden !od ce0ho 10ove- 6 -o vych'd" &%ceho s0n- n &prv 0en &eden !od n o!"ore6 pr h dU pre-ro1$. A sp$ #u> 6 >e &e " ve2-e& 1 s(i sp$6 ne> " sp$ %p0ne. A- 10ove- chce vi c " #er D svo&u po"ornosD n nie1o6 1o pred sp n$# ( - do!re pos0edn/ !od s pohy!u&e po do!u s(ried vo n d pod pr ho#K (/#6 >e "dvih0 o po"ornosD v s%1 sne& do!e o (o#6 n rovn -o# po"e#-u sp d'. "Oe sommei* ne pas s!empare br,sP,ement de to,t notre ttre ^ nos orDanes s!endorment s,ccessi&ement / DeDrs premenne \ p*,sie,rs a,tres sont d!&ei**ent encore P,e d ^ endormis, P,i pe,t"ttre ^ *e,r s!&ei**eront t,rn B,and *es premiry s "endormiront." ... "JresP,e to, o,rs *a &,e, c!est *e pos*a*, s!endort P,i *e premier .... a (or-ico&2 P,e *a &,e, *!o,ve s!endort .... De *!et,da JAHCHDH%TH s,r *!tat des sens dans *e sommei*, i* res,*te, P,eer s!i*s ne pas en mtme temps s!endorment =, a, mtme DeDre, *e,r fait pas r&ei* nie o sebe nie a instantanment na*ia+ to,s. " (OonDet, y Trait de p(ysio*. T. I, s. a`9 s,i&i.) Po1 s %p0nho pre!uden$ 10ove- s'#6 -o pred(/# I- p. ZNF6 u> !o0o poved n6 nie &e schopn/ " sp D n'hodne6 -eT ne#=>e po(0 1iD pod2 2u!ov=0e pod hr nicou n vyso-e& pre!ieh &%co# vrcho0-y psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(yK s6 -(or' i! dis(ri!%ci 6 0e nie v/ro! po1%v D rovn -K do!re6 0e pre(o6 >eLs 1os-oro presun%D vrcho0 1os-oro .$riD6 s%s(rediD s 6 ( - s (o6 >e s <u0e do !de0os(i6 !y T 0.ie - sp'n-u6 vs(up v.eo!ecnho sp'n-u ni rovno#ern ro"0o>enie psycho#o(oric- v (o# "#ys0e6 &e uveden s-=r6 n podporu 1innos(i nepri #o. T -6 "#eny v pre!uden$ n vrcho0 psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y #ies(o6 -o (o s "dvihne vy..i v #ies(e6 -(ivi( -0es' po(o#6 1o pred(/# !o0o vysve(0en s princ$p#i " chov ni ener<ie IT! A&6 - p. RF inde h0!.ie pod hr nicu6 prehH!i0 T/#(o inde sp D. Ro"de0$ po"ornosD6 ( ->e "die2 psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y6 ich pred#e(6 ( # !ude vi c !r D v povedo#$6 0e &edno(0ivc uveden i! s s0 !.ie vedo#ie "'#eru. ;d' s 6 >e 0e 10ove- ne#=>e (o(o ro"de0enie v .(/0e #ed"i r="ny#i "#ys0ov/ch o!0 s($6 -(or ich poci(y s vys-y(u&% v rovn -e& do!e6 -eT n ro"die0 od vedo#i 6 0e (o &e #o>n 0en n "'-0 de s(ried vho po"ornos(i " &ednho do druhho.
aoniec -oncov6 1i s(o1n' sp'n-ov' " v.eo!ecne 0$.i v pods( (e p0och' 0en v (o#6 >e &e 1i s(o1n6 0e -(or s% "'vis0 n nie-(or d=0e>i( ro"die0y6 -(or ro!i (o pochopi(e2n6 >e6 0e !e>n/ n'"ov nie &e po(re! sp'n-u 2 hos( &n/ o! & . V v.eo!ecno# pre!uden$ -o sp'no- &e 1 s "#eny #ed"i s( vo# psychophysic 0 sys(#u pod n d pr hovou #ies(e v=!ecK 6 V -(oro# &e v>dy 1i s(-ov pre-ro1en' pr hov' hodno( K &e 0en " d' pries(orov "#eny #ed"i pre-ro1en$ pr hu n &edno# #ies(e po(openie #ed"i ni#i n ino# #ies(e. To &e sp=so!en s #o"re&#e6 >e pre!udenie " re>i#u sp'n-u "vy1 &ne doch'd" !e" vp0yvu 2u!ov=0eK (o6 pre(o>e oni s #i so sp'n-o#6 nesp=so!u&e ich v0 s(n pre!udenieK v"h2 do# - (o#u6 1i s(o1n' sp'n-ov' vidieD i! " pre#ies(nenie s( vu vedo#i do inho u#ies(neni 6 ( ->e (o6 1o #=>e !yD (ie> vy-on n pod vp0yvo# vedo#i .
Text original
Pre!uden$ " v.eo!ecne& sp'n-u #=>e pod2 "#yse0n -%"0o -ho-o2ve- druhu6 pre!uden$ " &edne& "#ys0ove& o!0 s(i 0en u v's de-v'(ne podne(6 s #o"re&#e6 pre(o>e (o pre!udenie &e pr've 0en v (o#6 >e nie-(or/ "o v.e(-/ch s3r &e hore6 !yD o!"v0'.D os(r >i(/ #=>u !yD s0edov n pr$s0u.n/# "#ys0ov s(i#u0u.
7LII. *)=ah /!3) v#!ob!%n./ v!3o/$/ a "!ho )v,+#1n'%h "avov. ? v,na v)or. :;
Po(o#6 rovn -o -o v o!0 s(i ch vere&nho povedo#i pri& (' v"D h #ed"i vedo#$# !e"vedo#$# v "'>i(-ov/#i o!0 s(i ch6 " hgU &% n &#56 !ude -on D (er "6 !y "v'>i0 -o vo v"D hu - se!e n v"'&o#. 7F Rev$"i S. G786 GZM6 GQZ6 GQ9 n s0 Du.evn ? Aprin"ipien pp 79R6 GNS 33 To &e spo&en s nie-(or/#i s-u(o1n pod#ien-y s0edov ni . Vid$#e o!&e-( & sne&.ie6 -eT sve(0o podne(6 -(or/ prich'd" od neho &e si0ne&.$6 0e nevid$#e ho -o & sn/6 - ve"#e#e do %v hy &eho po"orne&.$. Po1u&e#e "vu- -o si0ne&.$6 -eT "vu- s(i#u0 &e si0ne&.$K 0e "v/.en' po"ornosD " n's ro!$ rovn -% pri0o>iD vi c "#yse0n' si0 . ?=>e s po"rie#e po"orne6 po1%v D6 & s6 in(en"i( "vu-u s ne"d' n's "#yse0ne u#ocUu&e.Av. -6 #'#e poci(6 >e "v/.en% po"ornosD6 -o "v/.enou 1innosDou n .e& du.e6 0e s#e (ie> schopn$ ve2#i do!re ro"0$.iD6 1o sp=so!$ "v/.en% po"ornosD6 (o6 1o &e pred#e(o# "v/.ene& "#ys0ov vn$# nie6 n vrhn%D6 1o c$(i#e -o posi0nenie prv6 nie v rovn -o# 1 se -o "is- " pos0ednho. ; druhe& s(r ny6 0e &e is(6 >e v nedos( (-u po"ornos(i n s0 ! podne(y nie s% poci(6 >e ur1i(' po"ornosD &e po(re!n #=>e !yD v=!ec vidi(e2n. A-o !y # 0 prispieD ni16 !y i# !yD "re&# "osi0nenie po"ornos(ib ?'#e v is(o# "#ys0e op 1n/ pr$p d s-=r po"n #en 0 p r doO. aeT podne( &e pod hr nicou6 ovp0yvUu&e >i dny vedo#/ poci(K ?us$#e (o 0en posi0niD6 ( - (o p=so!$6
-oK T ->e "re&#e sp=so!en (/#6 "osi0Uov nie *ie1o6 1o vy"er' -o ni1 vp0yv. Ter " vid$#e6 >e vy-on'v "osi0Uov nie *ie1o6 1o vy(v'r e3e-( >i dny n'r s( -(ivi(y. T/# s predch'd" &%ce n s0edu&%ce s%visi ceP #=>e#e pr'"dny s0 ! v/-ony6 0e # &% s ve2-ou in(en"i(ou6 #ys0$#. * &in(en"$vne&.ie odr " pr cu&e s ver!0 A(es(en sch#yK 'no6 #=>e#e s%s(redene chce(e " p #5( D nie1o6 1o n'# (o6 1o s n'# (o p #5( D. ?' si0u #y.0ien-y si0u6 s -(orou si #ys0$#e6 vn$# D6 #o>no ro"0$.iD v is(o# "#ys0eK 0e ( # &e n'p d pre n's i! v s%0 de s6 -eT si #ys0$#e6 >e pochopiD. A0e T 0e&P " (i 2 1o &edn "#ys0ov <u0e s#ero# po"ornosD #=>e !yD ( posi0nen'6 !e" poci(u pre!%d" nie "#ys0ov podne( &e6 v. -6 "#ys0ov' s(i#u0 ne#=>e !yD ( # nie s% #p0i3i-ov ne& pri1o# v. - po"ornosD6 (o !uT pr h !0i>.ie priniesD 0e!o v/D h s dos( (o1nou si0ou o (o#. Ce (o(i> nesporn6 (ie(o v"D hy od " 1i (-u s "d &% !yD ve2#i D >-6 - (o u> D >-o 1is(o psycho0o<ic-e& o!0 s(i6 -de 0e u#o>Uu&e n'# pri #e po"orov nie v pr$- "e n vy(vorenie & snosD o (o#6 !y s #oh0o "d D ne#o>n n'&sD vhodn% psycho#o(oric- repre"en('cie pre K * druhe& s(r ne &e v. - #o>n' & snosD psycho0E<ie o!0 s($ i! ?i(!e"u<n h#e n "odpoved &%ce psychoL3y"ic-% repre"en('ciu &e (o #o>n. a >dop'dne6 &e pr vdepodo!n6 psycho#o(oric- (eErie rovn -o pr$de vy! viD6 1i s v=!ec vo svo&ich pries(oroch pon%- #o>nosD -oheren(n s # o se!e vyrie.iD (ie(o pro!0#y od &ednoduch/ch "'-0 dn/ch pod#ieno-6 -o vid$#e v (/ch(o pod#ien- ch n%(en$ druh% s(r nu n n's6 ( ->e (eEri "is-y vo v/vo&i. To(o &e prv/ po-us o ( -% (eEriu. Pods( (n &e rovn -/ princ$p6 >e psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y 2ud$ -o ce0-u6 #us$ pre-ro1iD ur1i(% si0u n ve-y vedo#ie6 pre!udenie s -on'6 >e pri pre!uden$ - >d/ n &#56 s v/ni#-ou podne(u6 -(or # &% !yD us-u(o1nen 0e!o spon('nne <enerov n6 ur1ov nie (%(o 1innosD -(or/ &e schopn/ d D -on-r(ne us( noveni vedo#ie6 #us$ !yD ur1i(' si0 pre-ro1iD6 !y !o0 s-u(o1ne vedo#$ -o6 pre(o>e -on(eO( -o &e preu-'" n s-u(o1nosDou u> (vrdi0. Ten(o 1is(o vecn po(re!u&% s 6 >e !y po#er o!r "u6 #=>e#e e.(e vysve(0iD6 s o!r'"-o# 0e!o di <r #u s%1 sne s-r'(iD pre"en('ciu 0i< ndu n soci 0i"ov D (o s-u(-ov o-o0nos(i. PoT#e preds( vov 0i -o#p0e(n psychoL3y"ic-% -(ivi(u 10ove- 6 -o &e v0n 6 ve2-osD (e&(o 1innos(i v/.-e (e&(o v0ny n hori"on('0ne "'-0 dne& 0$nie 0e!o p0ochy6 n -(or - >d/ !od psychoL3y"ic-y -($vne prispiev s%r dnici. Ce (ed pries(orovo ro".$ren/ sys(#6 -(or/ &e -(ivi( vy& dren'6 ('(o 1innosD s # o se!e s ro"pres(ier vo v"di 0enos(i v do!e6 -edy &e #o>n vy(voriD sch#u rovn -o do!re n pries(orov pre se! 6 pre(o>e 1 sov s'#6 p0 ($ !/v 0/6 v.e(ci v pries(ore ved2 se! prev'd"-ov !odov s%r dn$c pre rovn -e& do!e6 druh'6 -o pri-0 d'#e &ednu (% is(% prev'd"-ov% v pries(ore !odov s%r dn$c pre po se!e id%cich !odov v 1 se6 #=>u rovn -o do!re -on(eO( -(iv$( v pries(ore pre #noho #ies(6 -o &e 1 sov pos(upnos(i rovn - pre !od !y ( -/(o preds( vu&% sch#u. As chce(e pripo&iD6 0e repre"en('cie pries(oru 1 su6 #us$#e v>dy "v'>iD i! s%1 snosD n r " v sch#e6 (v r v/.-u v0 -u v0ny6 0e #ys0ieD r="ne v 1 se. T - s
ce0' or< ni"'ci ce0/ prie!eh vedo#e& 1innos(i pr%du 3o0<ends ro"v$& &%ce 3or#u6 v"os(up p'd6 (o v0n 6 in(en"i( vedo#ie -edy-o2ve- v/.-y "'vis$ n nich6 v/.(e&(o v0ny &e nie-de ne& -o ur1i(' hr nic 6 -(or% n "/v #e pr h #us$ !yD vy..i ne> n ve-y vedo#ie6 s(r'>e s -on'. T'(o v0n hor%1 vy ce0' hri de26 h0 vn/ hri de26 To( 0 v0n 6 "odpoved &%ce pr hov hodno(y 0e h0 vn pr h. Pod2 s-%senos($6 do (e& #iery6 -o #=>e#e s%diD pod2 vi"u'0ne& s0uchov poci(6 #=>e 1innos(i6 -(or visi n .e .peci'0ne & vy vedo#i preds( vu&% pohy!y -r'(-eho o!do!i Iosci0'cieF6 -(or s " o!er &% pohy!o# d0h% do!u6 v -(ore& 10ens-/ .('( prechod n'.ho vedo#i v.eo!ecne "'vis$6 o!do!ie6 -(or s "vy1 &ne "hodu&e s denne& 0eho(y6 " predpo-0 du6 >e sp'nopre!udenie6 n ro"die0 od neh=d6 po(o# n s( viD6 o! & periodic- pohy!y s% > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 s #os( (n' %v h schopn/. *ech &(e s pohy! po d0h% do!u v "'vis0os(i n ce0-ovo# s( ve n .e& r dos(i s#er n .e& po"ornos(i po# 0y !sch\ n-ende u#ies(niD svo& vrcho0 #en$ v0nu6 !ude#e n "/v D spodn/ hri de2 &eden pre Vi noce6 ( ->e pohy!y s% " s(%pen' -r'(-u do!u6 n -(or% n .e .peci'0ne & vy vedo#ie vis$ #en.ie v0ny n do0no# hri de0i6 chce#e vo0 D h r#onic-6 -(or s " o!er &% !5ndernd n povrchu hri de0eK ( -6 >e &e ce" h r#onic- v0ny6 upr ven su!Lce0-ove& hri de2 0e!o h0 vn/ hri de2. B$# v51.i &e (er " si0 pohy!u -r'(-o# o!do!$ I #p0i(%d osci0'ci$F6 vy..i hory !ud% "!ier D s0%>iD svo&e " s(%penie v0ny n do0no# hri de0i h0!.ie %do0i (0 1$ do neho Iv "'vis0os(i n s#ere ich pohy!u n pro(i rovn' 0e!o s do0nou hri de2F6 s(%p -0es'6 1o #us$ pre-ro1iD ur1i(% hr nicu ve2-os(i6 n "/v #e &u horn/ pr h6 !y oso!i(n/ & v6 -(or/ s'# s( vi n nich6 vs(%piD do vedo#i . S (/#(o sys(#o# &ednoducho ni1 in s ro!iD6 0$1enie -o <r 3ic-y6 1o !o0o poved n vy..ie6 so s0ov #i6 >e "v0'.(ne & vy vedo#i s% "'vis0 n .peci'0nych periodic-/ch 3or#y pohy!u6 -(or #usi !yD pov >ov n " "#eny v.eo!ecne&.$ pr vide0n 3or#e pohy!u6 n -(or s v.eo!ecn/ s( v prechod vedo#i "'vis$6 >e # &% .peci3ic- 1innos(i6 -o &e ce0-ov 1innos(i # &% pr h. ?us$#e # D n p #5(i6 >e nie0en n .e v.eo!ecn vedo#ie &e podporov n/ v - >do# o- #ihu sys(#u pohy!u6 0e (ie> (o6 >e v.e(-y & vy6 -(or vys(upu&% -o .peci'0ny "o dn vere&nho vedo#ie6 >e6 -eT u> s "d' &ednoduch pre vedo#ie6 0e nie "'vis$ od &ednoduch/ch #o#en(ov pohy!u &edno(0iv/ch 1 s($6 0e n in(er -ciu v51.iny 1 s($c #o#en(ov.IPo"ri - p. MG<F ? (he# (ics #' os(r/ v/r " pre pr$pr vu dvoch vHn (vori &edin/ h0 vn/ hri de26 -o (u " s(upu&e "0o>enie v0ny &eho h r#onic- - ce0-ove& v0n 6 v "0o>en$ de#<e#5Aer pr vide0n/ch -on1 ($n s n &#5 #p0i(%dy periEdy. *'. sys(# #=>e !yD pou>i(/ -o <r 3ic- "o!r "enie ( - -o#po"$cie6 -(or # &% !yD pov >ov n " 6 -(or/ u#o>n$ ne&edno"n 1nosD6 -(or' !y in - "os( 0 po op -ov no# v"D h u2 vi0o. K&a*ifik2tor mo.no po&a.o&a+ /2ro&e= ro/po/n2&a+ ka.d' bod psyc(omotorick opera-n(o systm, pre t7to c(&0), po&a., eme /a systm, ako & po(ybe d*( a kr2tke obdobie.Dodr.ia&an0m to(to (n,tia /a ,r-it(o smer, (-o by samo/re me nie
e dosta-, 7ce pre komp*etn7 ana*'/,), m5.eme predsta&i+ &'s*edn7 r'c(*os+ & tomto smere pre ka.d' bod t'm, na osi y pred*o.en2, .e prispie&a k ce*ko&m, &*ny, a*e t7to s7radnic, sk*ad2 / d&oc( , / ktor'c( edna e r'c(*os+ edne , dr,(e , r'c(*os+ po(yb, na strane dr,(e , t'mto porado&n0koc( spodn(o (riade)a, a dr,(' predsta&, e s7radnic, (orn(o (riade)a. 1 /2&is*osti sa po(ybo&a+ oboma r'c(*os+o, & ro&nakom a*ebo opa-nom smere, porado&n0koc( na (armonick sa ap*ik, e na spodne (riade*i, a*ebo odstr2ni+ / ne(o, a*ebo e porado&n0koc( ce*ko&e &*ny, ktor sa ma 7 pri a+ ako s7-et a*ebo ro/die* sk*adanie s7radn0c. Tera/ sa tak de e na &8etk'c( miestac( psyc(op(ysica* systm, & danom okami(,, sme sa ,r-, e pod)a po-t, p0k, &'s*edn'c( s7radn0c ce*' t&ar (*a&n(o (riade)a pre t7to c(&0),. 1 ka.dom pr0pade, e spodn2 (riade) e ,r-en2 (armonick'c( /&y8, e & ,r-it'c( bodoc(, ke_ e /n0.en2 na in & tom, .e ke_ sa pos7di+ &'8k, ce*ko&(o &*ny po /(roma.den0 ic( na &y88ie body, na ot2/k,, -i a do ake miery robia prekro-0 pra(o&7 (odnot,, by bo*a po&a.o&an2 /a, ce*ko& mno.st&o (riade*e m5., by+ po&a.o&an /a s7-et &'8ok pri at'c( & ro&nakom smere do*n(o (riade)a a (orn' (riade). 9k by sme c(ce*i, aby sa r'c(*os+ predsta&i+ .i&e si*y & te to sta&by, (armonick by predsta&o&a* *en 8pi-ky be/ 7do*0 na do*nom (riade*i: a*e spr2&ny pomer /*o.iek k (*a&nm, (riade), by sa strati*. N ka.do, &*no, s2m e )a(osta n', pokia) ide o /ast7penie &8eobecn'c( podmienok, ak edna predsta&, e r'c(*os+ a*ebo kinetick7 enerDi,. A- #p0i(%dy periEdy s-0 d nie pohy!ov6 -(or/ch "0o>enie sch# 6 pov >u&e#e (re! pov >ov D " -on.( n(n/ pre d n pod#ien-y6 0e ni1 i# !r'ni #ys0ieD v ri !i0n v "'vis0os(i od o-o0nos($. T ->e sp d' pod pod#ien-ou nor#'0nych pod#ieno-6 n d0h% do!u n'.ho psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y s denn/# o!do!i spo0o1neK s #y o se!e pre!udiD sp D po(o# pos%diD6 in(en"i( n'.ho v.eo!ecnho povedo#i s(%p -0es' v "'vis0os(i n ur1i(o# nor#'0ny# sp=so!o#K 0e #noh/ch pr$p doch6 ('(o do! #=>e !yD predH>en' s-r'(iD6 "v/.en' in(en"i( !nor#'0ne 0e!o "n$>iD. Tie> #=>u eOis(ov D o-o0nos(i6 " -(or/ch in30uieren spo0o1n pre o! pohy!y 0e!o 0en n &ednu. Tie(o po#ery nie s% " re>i#u 0e!o # (e# (ic-ho v/r "u6 (o "n #en' odvodiD6 0e po(o# ur1iD vi c "o s-%senos($ v.eo!ecn/ch pohy!ov/ch "'-onov6 sys(# s'# o se!e in(erpre(ov n. Rovn -/ ne#=>e ni1 do-'" D6 0e 0en ve2#i v.eo!ecne u- "u&% chce(e6 -o (/#6 >e v -o#!in'cii od- "o# n s-u(o1nosD6 dvoch pr hov/ch hodn=(6 - (o#u6 1o s (/- psycho0o<ic-y n'&de(e psycho#o(oric- -on(eO(6 -(or/ 2 h.ie -oheren(n v0 s(n% sch#u ne> s !s(r -(n/#i s0ov #i &e (o #o>n6 !e" oh2 du #us$ !yD poved n6 v.e(-o6 1o pro<r # hovor$6 v s0ov'ch. To2-o 0ep.$ n'. sys(# !ude p0niD %1e0 (e&(o dis-usii6 -eT #'#e e.(e vysve(0iD s #i nie-(or/#i %d &#i " re 0i(y. *ie0en6 >e sys(# psychoL3y"ic-ho pohy!u u 10ove- 6 0e sys(# v.e(-/ch po"e#s-/ch pohy!ov s v"D hu&e - denne& do!e u ce0e& ;e#e " GZ hod$n s o(o1$ r " o-o0o svo&e& osi.?noho 1 s($ sve( 6 0e # &% svo&e .peci'0ne periodic- pohy!y6 #or v &eho pr$0iv od0iv6 (#os3re n o!1 sn/# d >To# ve(ro#6 or< ni"#y v ich vn%(orn/ch s0u1ie-. Av. -6 ni1 ne!r'ni v. -6 >e (ie(o die0y & n ro('ciu ;e#e #'
"%1 s(niD6 (o n &#5 in(erpre(ov D (en(o v.eo!ecn/ periodic-/ pohy! ;e#e .peci'0ne periodic- pohy!y &e& 1 s($ v is(o# "#ys0e do ur1i(e& #iery6 n 0ie1!u6 pred0o>iD 3 -(%ru. Ro( 1n/ pohy! ;e#e (u preds( vu&e 1i s(-ov hri de26 "v0'.(ne periodic-/ pohy! n "e#i h r#onic-/ch6 (o6 1o &e "re&# " pros(ried-u -o - (o#u6 >e h0 vn/ hri de2 0e!o ce0-o# hri de2 . *ech r/ch0osD - >dho !odu n "e#i pros(redn$c(vo# s%r dnicu pred6 ( - s u-'>e pre d n/ p r 0e0n/ o!vod "e#s-ho povrchu6 su! hri de2 -o hori"on('0n pri #-e6 &e6 - v.e(-y 1 s(i n povrchu6 n ro"die0 od .peci'0nych pohy!ov rovn -6 rovn - r/ch0os(i o('1 ni K 0e .peci'0ne pohy!y n "e#s-o# povrchu #=>e $sD s 0e!o pro(i v.eo!ecn/# o('1o-6 -(or produ-u&% vrcho0y %do0i v (o#(o ri d-u. ?ore n'# pon%- is(e& #iery re 0i(ou n'.ho sch#y d r. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e s% v0ny6 -(or s% <enerov n spo0o1ne& veci6 -o &e vie(or6 0e n -(or s% (voren Spe"i 0e sp=so!u&e v0ny6 h r#onic-6 -(or -o poruchy !e" oh2 du n .peci'0ne poruchy EOis(u&%ce 3or# 6 -(or' pos-y(u&e ni>.$ hri de2 #o>no pov >ov DK Av. -6 ce0 v0ny6 -o (o &e6 &e h0 vn/ hri de2 0e!o ce0-ov% v0nu. Ter "6 & -eT ( - pr$-0 dy6 prev" ( " (re($ch psycho#o(oric- sys(#ov6 ne#=>e ni1 do-'" D s'# o se!e pre psycho#o(oric- sys(#y6 ( ->e (o do-'" D6 0e vo v.eo!ecne& "'-ony pohy!u " 0o>en' sp=so!#i6 " -(or/ch n's ne#=>e odcud"iD6 "is($6 o!si hnu( v psychoL3y"i-'0nych sys(#ov6 pre(o !ude schopn/ p0i-ov D n .e sch#u v (o#(o "#ys0e6 po-i 2 ide re 0i(y sho\ de#<e#5Ae pod#ien-y. *o6 (o s "#en$ n . sch# predov.e(-/# v n &v.eo!ecne&.o# sp=so!o#6 dve de 3 c(o h0 vn pod#ien-y &e6 n -(or/ch !o0 " 0o>en/P 7F6 >e (v r hodno( ve2-os(i n -on-r(ne & vy vedo#ie " vesen/ch vo vedo#$ (v re ve2-os(i .peci'0nych 1innos($6 -(or s " o!er &% spo0o1nou 1innosD6 v (o# "#ys0e6 odde0en/ poh2 d n rovn -/ s% schopn. GF6 -(or6 po-i 2 ide o pre!uden$ d nho & vu pres hu&%ce ur1i(% ve2-osD6 1 sD pr$s0u.ne& .peci3ic-e& -(ivi(y &e nu(n6 -o pre!udenie vedo#i -o 1 sD ce0e& 1innos(i. VT - " s(%peniu (/ch(o v.eo!ecn/ch pod#ieno- s (/- 6 0e (er " " s(%penie #noh/ch n &#5 (o6 >e n's (r'pi 1i s(o1ne v predch'd" &%cich - pi(o0'ch6 nie-(or vs(upnho pr%du. Ce h0 vn/ hri de2 -de-o2ve- pod &e& hr nicou6 ( - sp$#e6 &e (o nie-de o-o0o6 ( ->e #'#e s(r'>eK 0e (o &e v !de0o# s( ve ni-dy v ce0e& pries-u#e n pr hu v/-onove& 1 s(i s%1 sne n d pr ho#6 #ier n d#ors-e& v/.-e rovn -/ n h0 vn% pr hu v >i dne& o!0 s(i ur1u&e s(upeU po"ornos(i6 -(or/ &e -($vny v Uo#. V.e(-y po#ery "#eny po"ornos(i6 -(or/ !o0 spo#enu(/ v - pi(o0e Z76 #=>e !yD ch'p n' -o r'"ov v0ny " h0 vnho hri de2 . Hodno(en pod2 ich n &vy..$ch !odov v/.-y h0 vnho hri de2 6 (/# #no>s(vo prev'd"-y v >i dne "v0'.(ne o!0 s(i po"ornos(i6 "'vis$ nie0en n %rovni h r#onic-/ch 0e!o spodnho hri de2 v Uo#6 0e o!o&e6 0e #=>e !yD 1os-oro vi c (o6 e.(e s-oro " (oho s(r n ur1$. A- s pop chy(i0 n .u po"ornosD n r "6 (o &e n'h0y v"os(up
h r#onic-6 -(or/ poh'U h0 vn/ hri de2 do v/.-yK Po"ornosD &e nedo!rovo2ne ur1en' s(r ne (u "#ys0eK - !ude#e n 1%v D po"orne n nie1o !e" "vu-u ( # &e6 ( (o &e poh'U n/ i! "v/.en$# do0ne& . ch(y do v"duchu !e" eOis(encie h r#onic- v o!0 s(i s0uchuK on &e (u6 !e" oh2 du n "#yse0n pos-y(ov nie in(ern/ch d=vodov 2u!ovo2ne orien(ov n/ch "dviho0. Po"ornosD &e s('0e ( - nedo!rovo2ne6 ur1u&e si0u &edno(0iv/ch & vov vedo#i 0e!o 1o-o2ve- ( -ho6 (& 2u!ovo2n/6 v "'vis0os(i n n d#ors-e& v/.-e ce0-ovho v0ny "'vis$ vi c n ve2-% "!ier-u h r#onic-/ch 0e!o su!Lv0ny v do(-nu(/ch o!0 s(i ch. A- v'>ne odr "o# pr cu&e s vy!0ednu(/#i sch#6 ( ->e hr D n vyso-e& ne< ($vne v0ny ve2#i s0 ! h r#onic-. Vy&de#e A- s po#erne vn$# v/ v si0ne& "#yse0n poci( n p5(i 6 !e" (oho !y n 2u!ovo2n/ s(r ne n .e& po"ornosD6 ( ->e si0n h r#onic- &e podporov n' re0 ($vne spodnho po#ocnho hri de2 . Av. -6 (o #=>e !yD (ie> o! s%1 sne "v/.ene& 0e!o "n$>ene& vyso-. Po"ornosD v is(o# "#ys0e o!0 s(i ch #=>u s(%p D !e" poci(u r s(ie v si0e6 do(er " h0 vn/ hri de2 s(%p svo&vo2n u0o>enie s #o(nho spodne& hri de0i6 " (i 2 1o poci( ne#=>e "dvihn%D6 !e" "v/.eni u> !de0osD6 0e!o nie pre!udiD pre!uden$ !0i>.ie priniesD6 pre(o>e "v/.en$# h r#onic-6 h0 vn/ hri de2 r s(ie ( - & "v/.en$# spodne& hri de2. A-o h r#onic-6 -(or s% dos( (o1ne n$"-e6 !y dosi hnuD v0 s(n pr h6 0e !yD "ru.en' vyso-ou %rovUou hri de2 h0 vnho pr hu6 (& h0 vn/ hri de2 "hro# >Tov n #=>u p (riD6 !e" (oho !y ich podivn & vy vedo#i 6 ( -6 n op -6 h r#onic-6 1o s% dosD vy..ie -o ich v0 s(n/ pr h vyso-/6 !yD v depresii n$"-ou %rovUou do0ne& . ch(y pod h0 vnou pr hu6 (& p (r$ do pod-0 dovho -($v s "n$>i0 h0 vn/ hri de2 0e!o vr'( ne de<r dov n/ch 1 s($ h0 vnho hri de2 6 po(o# " (oho op 1nho d=vodu (ie> nepr$de do !de0ho vedo#i 6 0e i! v/.- h0 vnho hri de2 dos( (o1n/# "v/.en$# spodnho hri de2 (re! hinein"u(re(en. V pr$p de6 >e p (r$6 pon$>enie v r'#ci h0 vn/ch pr hov 1 s(i h0 vnho hri de2 6 0e (o &e 0en &eden inde n pr hu6 (& v pr$p de v.eo!ecnho s0edov ni 6 #'#e pr$p d nep (r$6 pre(o>e " nepo"ornos(i 0e!o vych/0enie po"ornos(i s0ovo6 &edin/6 ni svo&vo2n "v/.enie vy> du&e po"ornosD6 !y #oh0i !yD n's0edne po1u0i6 0e!o !o0esD nec$(i#e ( - d0ho6 -o s#e schopn$ odviesD po"ornosD n'si0$# po-r 1u&e n priesvo&e& vn%(orne& pr$1inyK 0e!o 1ierne " vre(ho o- 0e!o o!vy-0 Ohren!r usens6 n -(or (rpi nie-(or/# &edno(0ivco#6 -(or/ch nie s#e vedo#$6 " nor#'0nych o-o0nos($6 0e #=>u !yD vedo#$ ihneT6 - s svo&vo2ne upo"orniD n (o. To nie &e (o is(6 0e - nie1o nie &e "ho(oven' "#ys0e BROAD i! " d=vodu nedos( (-u po"ornos(i6 0e!o 1i (o nev d$ pr$0i. s0 !/ 0e!o v=!ec ovp0yvnen. To &e ce" &eho pr h Ipre-0 deF6 &e v>dy -0 dn' hodno( vo vedo#$K 0e (o n s( ne6 " (i 2 1o h0 vn svedo#i " (o6 n hor6 0e &e hore " in/6 -o v !e"vedo#$ %1 sD (oho6 1o h0 vn vedo#ie &e hore6 n 6 %1 s(i6 -(or #=>u !yD ru.iv 0e!o h r#onic- o-o0nos(i. T ->e pri ch=d"i v \ 0-er vy& dru&e #y.0ien-y n s0n-u6 "e0eU6 spev v('-ov v !e"vedo#$ %1 sDK vid$ po1u&e6 ni1 (o v.e(-o e.(e c$(i in -6 &eho #y.0ien-y !e>$ s !ude 0$.iD6 -o !y si #ys0e06 >e (# v #ies(nos(iK L T - n Horch -on1$ v opere v n'dhere n scnu6 pu!0i-u# n operne& hud!y. a >d/ poh2 d n veci6
-(or po"n'#e ce0/ >ivo(6 do#6 10ove- (i hne ce" spo&enie s #no>s(vo# T 0.$ch n'p dov6 -(or "os('v &% v !e"vedo#$6 n prie- (o#u ( - nevedo#-y (vor$ v/"n # do#u6 10ove- pre n's6 -(or ohnede# i! s po1$( &% -o 3 re!n .-vrny n o-u. ,ch " vesenie n h r#onic-6 -(or s(%p &% s "v/.en/ n horne& 1 s(i h0 vnho hri de2 od von- &.e& pr$1iny v spo&en$6 0e "os('v pod h0 vnou pr h6 v. -6 s vys-y(u&% (ie n h0 vne& pr hu. Od (e&(o chv$0e pov >ov n/ pr$p de #us$#e ro"0i.ov D pr$p d6 -edy ce0' h0 vn/ hri de2 -0esne pod pr hov% hodno(u6 pod (ou(o hr nicou6 0e h r#onic-/ch n n$"-u spodne& hri de0e hry6 -(or pre-r 1u&% ich v0 s(n hr nice. To &e !e"pochy!y pr$p d snov6 cnosD predch'd" &%ceho ce0-ove& v0ny s% ch r -(eri"ov n #ed"i v"ni- &%ce prirod"ene vych'd" " nedos( (-u 2u!ovo2no# s#ere po"ornos(i6 n &#5 n "dru>enie s evo-'ci sp c- 0 n'hodn/ch von- &.$ch podne(ov. 7F
7F
Po"ri V o!0 s(i p.G78 3
Sen #' s n .ou !de0o# >ivo(e vo von- &.o# sve(e poved D "#ys0up0n% podo!nosD6 -(or' prispiev 6 >e sen s n'# & v$6 -o hr cVODLn/ch6 1o &e6 s-=r ne> von- &.i re 0i( . V >ivo(e #y.0ieno- v A!"iehun< " eO(eriru pri pre!uden$6 h0 vn/ hri de2 &e re0 ($vne vi c "v/.en' spodne& hri de0i h r#onic-6 " #es(n'v nie n >ivo( vo von- &.o# sve(e pod vp0yvo# Uou6 n . po"ornosD6 n'vrhy6 &e (o o!r'(ene6 re 0i( &e s # vi c6 ne> (ie6 (vrd$6 (/# vi c s "vy.u&e h r#onic- v po#ere - do0ne& hri de0i. A0e (o is( n s( ne po(0 1en$# povs( ni h r#onic-/ch v s(r'>cov6 vs(upu&e pros(redn$c(vo# n 0ieh v/# po(openie hri de2 v &e& sp'n-u. On !y !yD " 0o>en/ n rovn -/ch o-o0nos($6 >e h 0ucin'cie6 3 n('"ie #=>e # D p0n/ ch r -(er s-u(o1nos(i rovn -o v p0ne& pre!uden$K (o !ude6 -eT s horn' hri de2 6 n -(or/ch "'vis$6 prer'sD spodn/ hri de2 v !nor#'0nych pod#ien- ch. Tu si #=>e(e s('0e #i0ov D dvo& -/ poh2 d n pr$rodu snov. ?o>no si preds( viD6 >e sny6 -eT s#e i# v noci6 v rovn -o# "#ys0e s% v !e"vedo#$6 -o n r'>- n disper"n s0ovo s(r'>e6 e.(e 0en pr$sD nes-=r pre!uden$ ( -(o n p #i (-u6 uvedo#(e si6 reprodu-ov n' v p #5(i. Av. -6 &eden #=>e (ie> #ys0ieD6 #ys0$#6 >e (o &e vi c pr vdepodo!n6 >e u> #'#e vedo#$ snov v noci v rovn -o# "#ys0e6 -o s#e presved1en$6 p #5Dou6 -(or # 0i6 >e (en(o ro"die0 s od v (o#(o oh2 de pre"en(ov D v !e"vedo#$ spo0uro"hodov ni vedo#i po1 s !deni 6 0en "'0e>$ 0en6 >e ni1 nie &e ( - vedo#/ (oho6 1o !y #oh0i poved D6 1i &e v.e(-o v h0 vno# pr ho# vedo#i . A0e (o #=>e !yD s('0e pred#e(o# pochy!nos($. V T 0.e& o('"-e sny pou- "u&% n (er " &e (ie> 0en o('"-ou doh dov6 so# s('0e v - pi(o0e ZZ. V nevyd 0 do(er " nepred0o>i0 >i dny "v0'.(ny d=vod6 !y s n spo0o1n 1i v"'&o#ne& "'vis0os(i v0ny h r#onic-/ch se!e s %c(ou6 ( # &e v s-u(o1nos(i > do ur1i(e& #ed"e ne"'vis0os(i rovn -' od se! K 0e 0en do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 (o &e (ie> d=0e>i(6 !y s (ie(o pod#ien-y do %v hy6 1o s d' vysve(0iD i! ich spo0o1n 0e!o v"'&o#ne& "'vis0os(i. aeT s(i#u0 p=so!$ v sen"oric-e& o!0 s(i6 h r#onic-' v Uo# s(%p 6 "v/.i o h0 vn/
hri de2 s v"os(upo# h r#onic-6 (o s "d' !yD dos( (o1ne vysve(0iD vi c pov >ov n' " (e&(o o!0 s(i po"ornosD re-0 #'cie. A0e & v pr$p de6 >e s ods(r'ni podne(6 udr>u&e po"ornosD vi c 0e!o #ene&6 !y & n T 0e& v (e&(o o!0 s(iK pre!udi0 pr s- v/ "vupodv 0y #'0o-edy " sp$ "novu6 ne"d' s 6 >e !y (o #oh0o !yD sp=so!en i! v * chd uer pod2 podne(e "dru>en$# vysve(0iD6 -o sp=so!en h r#onic-/#iK 0e &e - >d/ s%!or h r#onic- pod2 podne(o#6 "d' s 6 >e &e pov >ov n " podne( n pries-u# hri de2 s%1 sne. * druhe& s(r ne vid$#e n o" & >ivosD poci(y nie s% v.eo!ecne r s(% vT "v/.ene& po"ornos(i6 0e eOis(u&% pr$p dy6 -edy re'0ne&.ie ve2#i per"is(en(n6 in(en"$vny poved D ( - u-'" 0 n ur1i(o# #ies(e 2u!ovo2no# s#ere Pre"en('ci Pre"en('ci o!r'"-ov n in(en"i(e "#yse0n in(u$cie !y #oh0 !yD "v/.en'6 n op #us$ (u s%vis$ so si0nou "dvih spodnho hri de2 s "vy.ov nie h r#onic-K ( - v " u&$# v/ch eOperi#en(ov H. ?eyer6 " -(or/ch &edn !ude dis-u(ov n v - pi(o0e ZZ. Tie nie s% n'#ie(-y n predch'd" &%cu o!r "ov-u pro(i p0 (nos(i re>i#uK !ude v>dy schopn/ repre"en(ov D v"D hy ne"'vis0os(i "'vis0os(i6 do (e& #iery6 >e s% (er " 0en eOis(ov D. S('0e ve2 vec$ #=>e !yD sch# vysve(0iD6 0e ne!ude# " ch'd" D do podro!nos($ (u6 pre(o>e s (ie(o #ode0y v pods( (e podporov D ni16 - pon%- &% >i dne nov 0e!o 0en ( - odpo1$v D n doh du. T ->e &e prirod"en6 >e preds( vu&% (vor!u -oncepci$ &edno(0iv/ch #y.0ieno- 0e!o n'"orov od ru.eni svo&ich "'-0 dn/ch h r#onic-/chK ( - !y so# si preds( viD6 >e po(e.enie 0e!o !o0esD v"ni-'6 v "'vis0os(i n su!Lv0n "dvih0 o pr$s(upe h r#onic-/ch v ce0-u 0e!o v depresii6 v (o#(o oh2 de &e ur1i(' hr nic Ipr hu ro"-o.e !o0es(iF pre-ro1en'6 so "re(e2o#6 >e h r#onic-6 pri1o# po(re!n' - ur1i( !ody6 -(or "vy.u&% spodn/ hri de26 " (i 2 1o v rovn -o# 1 se rovn -/ 0is v in/ch 1 s(i ch6 -(or s% -o#pen"ov n " in/ch o-o0nos($ #o>no ne#=>e -o#pen"ov D. Av. -6 (o s e.(e 0en uvid$ (er " pre (er " i! neur1i(% #o>no nespr'vneho predpo-0 du.
7LIII. *)=ah /!3) )/'s,ov./ a &r!3s1av vos= "avov. :;

Po#ery sp'n-u !deni o!yv (e2#i po"ornosD n po#ery6 -(or s " o!er &% povedo#ie v.eo!ecne ce0/. * druhe& s(r ne s vys-y(u&% vyvo0 n' von- &.$#i podne(#i poci(y6 -(or/ch "vy.-ov/ re>i&n poci(y !o0es(i6 h0 du6 (T6 -(or s s(ru1ne "&edno(i0 pod n'"vo# ro"u#n & vov6 n n .ich spo#ieno-6 3 n('"ie o!r'"-y !s(r -(n #ys0enie sprievodn/ sch#6 -(or s#e -r'(-o " n'p dy #eno "&edno(iD6 -one1ne eOis(u&e v & voch "#yse0 p #5(i6 h 0ucin'cie i0%"ie #ed"i2 h0/ch v5"ie! #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# (ried #i6 v r'#ci v.eo!ecnho po&#u %pr vy6 -on-r(nych us( noven$ " ce0-ovho vedo#i 6 1o #' " n's0edo- pos( venie (/ch(o & vov vo sche# (ic-o# "n'"ornen$ predch'd" &%ce& - pi(o0y o se!e.
7F
Rev$"i 6 s(r G9N n s0
T'(o pre"en('ci s od- "u&e n psychoL3y"ic-ho pod-0 du & vy vedo#i . A0e (er " &eden #=>e op/( DP "v0'.(ne & vy s% druhor d6 pre(o>e & n prie- (o#u pevn' -o psycho#o(oric-6 (& 3y"ic- "#eny6 -(or # &% !yD pov >ov n " 3un-1ne spo&en v n'sb ?noho 3i0o"o3 psycho0E<6 pr vdepodo!ne " & vov prve& (riedy6 psychic- & vy6 pri"n'v #6 -de ne#o>no pr vdepodo!ne "vy.ov D ro"por6 0e od#ie( &% (o6 rovn -o -o & vy druhe& (riedy6 n'p d & vy s pri"n D6 >e s% s-=r (endenciu odde0iD u> spo#ien-y 3 n('"ie o!r'"-y psychophysic 0 pod0o>-e !yD pov >ov n/ " preLeOis(u&%ce v du.i -(ov6 -(or !o0i s-u(o1ne &e& n d.en$ "#ys0ovho s(r ne v Uo#6 0e6 rovn -o -o (o ro!i v du.i6 nie .peci3ic-y s%visi ce 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(e vi c v pods( (e vy> du&e6 pre(o>e ich 3un-cie6 -(or s-on1i 6 -eT s sp5(ne produ-u&% "#eny v (e0e6 (ed chce0i $sD6 !e" (oho !y (i EduipK n &#5 &e ('(o (endenci v"h2 do# n &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies(. Pre(o>e v pr$p de6 >e "#ys0ov podne(y pred0o>i0i svo&e do&e# ( #6 ( ->e &e 0o<ic-6 po(o# ve2 0en !y s ich s-0 dov nie spr cov nie6 ni du. -orisD6 " (i 2 1o v/h2 d " ro"2 h0/ch du.e #ies( r s(ie s r s(%ci# ro"vo&o# du.evn schopnos(i -o#p0i-'cie s #o(nho #o"e (o # 0o e.(e pre!ieh D po1 s .peci'0nych psycho0o<ic-/ch s0u>ie! n d r'#ec &ednoduche& "#ys0ov 3un-cie #i#o6 -de "vier ( n 10ove- ned'v prednosD. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e si " s0%>i#e >i dnu pri #u s-%senosD vn%(ornho 3un<ov ni 6 ( - #us$ !yD d=s0ed-o# (oho6 1o &e s( noven' n "'-0 de s-%senos($6 viesD n's6 n -oniec prednosD (ie(o v.eo!ecn %v hy v (o#(o s%visi cich o('"o-. A- ne#'(e v=!ec -on(eO(u d=s0ed-o# psycho#o(oric- sys(#u preru.iD no(0os6 !y s ro"die0y v psychic-e& o!0 s(i6 ( - d0ho po 3un-1ne& Prin"ip s% pre0o>i(e2n s('0e s0edov D spr'vne )onneOion v psycho#o(oric- ro"die0y6 #=>u !yD (ie> ( # pre-0 d D6 nie6 0e &e #o>n vy-0 d D ( -6 >e nie-(or " nich s% s('0e "vupsyohophysisch6 os( (n nie s% -o opods( (nen. A ( - (o !ude 0en op/( D6 1i s-u(o1ne spo1$v vo v"D hoch & vov prve& druhe& (riedy6 -(or n'# pos-y(u&e vn%(orn% " >iD nie1o ( - pre-0 de s#erov n ces(u6 - uvo2neniu druhe& "o "'-0 dne6 -u -(ore& s% s('0e vi " n !/v 0e& n%(i. A0e (o &e pr've po#er spo#ieno- ro"u#n in(u$cie pon%- n/ch - n'# od s #ho " 1i (-u I- pi(o0 MQF6 1o &e n &0ep.ie vhodn/ pr$-0 de &e i0us(rov D pou>i(e2nosD "'s dy 1innos(i v (e&(o o!0 s(i6 pov >u&e# " "!y(o1n6 !y (u o (o# $sD do nov/ch 0e!o vi c ver"i$ . Tr'pnosD ( -ho ro"die0u #ed"i "#yse0n/ch preds( vivosD & vov6 -(or (i # &% psycho#o(oric- d=vody6 -(or u> # &%6 doch'd" ( - n'p dne vidi(e2n6 -eT s u-'" 0o6 podpredsedu hodno(y6 vo s-u(o1nosDou n s0edu&%ce& - pi(o0e s # o se!e " !e"pe1iD prechod6 -(or/ " ro"u#n$ in(u$cie u * chd uer do&#y6 3eno#n ("v "#ys0ovho p #5(i6 >e Sinnesph n( s#en n'hodne <enerov n6 i0%"i$ I-de s% von- &.ie o!&e-(y vidieD i! 3 0seF6 h 0ucin'cie 0e!o !e" reprodu-ci$ predch'd" &%cich vne#ov Ivr'( ne !0udov .i 0ens(vo p (r$F6 !y re.pe-(ov D re'0ne p #5(e 3 n( sy o!r "y. Bo " (oho n'"oru6 >e p #5Dov o!r "y s% "vu- -o do!r psychoL3y"ic-e& in(u$ci sn$#-y #=>u & viD -o ve2#i o!(i >ny6 &e schopnosD udr> D veci v
nespo1e(n/ch spo#ieno- reprodu-ov D v p #5(i. A0e (o nie &e -r &.ie ne> eOis(u&%ce6 0e v s-u(o1nos(i 3y"ic-y pri#er n% #o>nosD -o#!inov D "ru1nos(i n r="nych # nipu0'ciou v rovn -e& ru-e priniesD s(ried vo vo v/-one. Tie> nes#ie#e " !udn%D6 >e p #5D6 ( ->e &e neo!#ed"en' v is(o# "#ys0e6 &e o!#ed"en/ n ino# #ies(e. Ce pod0ieh "'-ono# "dru>eni 6 -(or ri di spo&enie s0ed spo#ieno-6 rovn -o -o s%visi ce "ru1nos(i ru-y u>iviD #=>u in(er3erov D s od0i.n/#i6 &e (o so spo#ien- #i n ud 0os(i. A- chce(e si preds( viD6 psycho#o(oric- #ech ni"#us 0e!o or< nic- " ri den$6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(or/ch s s0u>!y6 -(or vy"/v p #5D6 s% n o" & vy-on (e2n6 !ude ve2#i s-oro6 ( - d0ho6 -o !ude#e6 0e 0en ve2#i #'0o preds( vu o princ$pe nervove& 1innos(i v=!ec6 (ed n ces(e6 -o (o !y !o0o %1(ov D o # D. To2-o #=>e !yD 0en ve2#i v.eo!ecne poved D6 >e #ech ni"#us6 - nie &e Prin"ip6 0e v vyn -0 d n/ch pros(ried-ov "n 1ne -o#p0i-ov n nie s% s( noven6 0e 0$.i 6 #usi !yD en(\ic-e0un<s35hi<er. Vid$#e (ie(o pod#ien-y sp0nenK ove2 vi c6 nie &e s op/( D (er ". * prie- (o#u #=>e e.(e ne& -/ vysve(2u&%ce pr$1inu. O"veny n .ich n'"orov v "vy.-ov/ s% v n dv5"nos(i n ro-ov ni T. ,,6 - p. MMc s #o ose!e pr'vne periodic-e& pos(upnos(i6 !ude & vy "#ys0ovho p #5(e6 -(or' !ude op$s n' v T 0.e& - pi(o0e o0ov 6 pr vide0ne6 - e.(e (v ry pohy!y %p0ne nedo!rovo2ne sp5D v nepr vide0n/ch o!do!i ch6 (o & po d0he& do!e vo v"h2 de6 !ude (o nesporne ove2 vi c6 - nie &e o!#ed"en' 1i s(o1ne nov do&#y6 1i s(o1ne "0o>enie s s( r' & sn v"ni- Po-i 2 &edno(0iv periodic- & vy v (e&(o v"d%v &%ce s #ore 0en o d=s0ed-och ve2#i in(en"$vny6 1 s(o op -ov n do&#y. T # &e e.(e T 0e& v s-u(o1nos(i v n's princ$p do!rovo2nho pr vide0n#u in(ern#u op -ov nie nie0en &edno(0iv/ch pohy!ov6 0e & se-vencie pohy!ov6 -(or !o0i !uden/ch sen"oric-/#i %1in- #i v n's6 !e" oh2 du n (o6 1o &e " 0o>en6 ne!ude(e in - # D "#ys0ov & vy 3y"ic-ho do-u#en(u odde0iDK ( - ( # nie &e >i dn pre-'>- - do#nien-e6 >e ('(o "'s d -o &eden " psycho#o(oric- "'-0 de n .e& schopnos(i p #5( D si hr D v/"n #n% ro0u. Tie> #o>no predpo-0 d D6 >e princ$p neru.enho spo0u>i(ie superpo"$cii # 0/ch -#i(ov s%visi ce "'s dy ru.eni neru.en/ prechod vHn n -ri>ov (-e6 n s-0 d nie n v"'&o#6 o!1 s do !e"vedo#i do0e despo(ic-/ch op5D " pro#inen(n/ch p #5($ nie &e in/ -o 3un-ci &eho v=0e. aeT vid$#e6 -o s% v.e(-y 3y"ic- n's(ro&e #o!i0i"ov D - (o#u6 !y s o-o ucho pre "'"n # &edno(0iv/ch vne#ov6 ( ->e #=>e(e "'roveU s% "isDu&%6 >e &e vhodne&.ie uv >ov D o s-0 dov n$ op -ov nie rovn - -o du. !e" -/ch-o2ve- von- &.$ch po#=c-y "u-o##endes -($v6 0e & (u pro(i 0en 0o<ic-6 -eT ve"#e#e do %v hy rovn -/ pred#e( n vi c pou>i($ v hH!-e 3y"i-'0nych princ$pov n's(ro&ov6 -(or nechce(e o!och duchovn/ch ne-0esne ne> pr$rod up s(o& ny6 -de ni1 ne!r'ni (o#u6 1o (er " s i# nen(n vedo#ie o vyvinu( T 0.ie vedo#% 1innosD s'# v - >de& &edno(0ive& !y(os(i6 #ys0ieD v prve& vy(vorenie ce0ho or< nic-ho sve( 6 T 0e& s ni#i. *ie-(or &e #o>n6 >e n'&de#e nevyhove0 s pohod0$# s0edov nie pros(redn$c(vo# in.(i(%ci$ pr$rody. Du. nie &e vi " n/ i! n "!ier-u "#ys0ov/ch or<'nov6 0e & #o"<u6 s% spo&en po#ocou v.e(-/ch "#ys0ov6 v n &"0o>i(e&.$# sp=so!o#. A- s o!r'"-y " p #5(e6 3 n('"ie o!r'"-y pre#/.2 0 sprievodn/ sch#y s% s('0e "nieD psychoL3y"ic-y6 ( - (o &e #y.0ien- s # 6 in/# (- niny prechod #ys0eni do
inho # (eri'0u in v5"!y6 sch#y predpo-0 d'6 !e" (oho #=>e pre!ieh D n v.e(-/ch !e" #ys0eni -o s T 0.ie #e0Edie h r#Enie ne#=>e !yD !e" os( (n/ch "vu-ov in pripo&enie6 (Eny. Ter " ude0i0 -0 v$r v &eho re0 ($vne # 0 #no>s(vo Do\ner -2%1e6 0e schopnosD p0niD n &r="ne&.ie #e0Edie h r#Enie6 #=>e (rv D (o2-o ( - vyso- #y.0ien-y 10ove- 6 G8 0is(y s% pos( 1u&%ce sp=so!6 -o (o vy& driDK &e (o ( - nu(n6 i! n pripo&enie por die6 v -(oro# s% p$s#en' 0e!o -2%1e pre.ie0. ?o"o< v &eho nespo1e(n6 pr cov 0 v r="nych sp=so!ov6 -o v0'-ien v (o#(o s#ere6 0e o!s hu&e neporovn (e2ne vi c "dro&ov6 ( ->e >i dn pre-'>- #=>e !yD6 spoU -o %very ho s ve2-/#i v/-on#i v duchu6 -o vy-on'v #e po#ocou eO(erne " nich.
7LI*. Pr &o/ !nk' a &o)n+/k' o v)=ah6 /!3) &oPobra)' a &a/L=ov.%h obra)ov? na"/L. Er nn!r6n-sna%hb ,3!r? "av' )/'s,ov5ho &a/L1 ? ha,6% n+% !? ,2) !? sn'.
D 0 so# dohro# dy odvo0'v 0 s n ne& -/ po"orov c$ # (eri'06 1i s(o1ne s%-ro#n6 1i s(o1ne cud"ie (/#6 n -(or s v"D hu&e n'"ov & vov6 -(or !y #oh0i !yD u>i(o1n "'-0 dUu pre (eore(ic- n'"ory n !e"6 -(or$ chc% vy1erp D ve2#i ro"ve(ven% .iro-o ve(veni o!&e-(6 pre1o nie - pi(o0 6 0e -nih !y # 0 " hgU D6 !e" do-onc $sD do vi c ne> nie-o2-o ve2#i v.eo!ecn/ch (eore(ic-/ch #ode0ov6 !y s od ro-u d D (er " u> "o!r "$. ; Pa/L1 obra)' a &oPobra)' vo v)=ah6 k s!b! nav)+"o/. ;#ys0ov do&#y &ednou " ne10enov & po ods(r'nen$ von- &.ieho podne(u po ur1i(% do!u6 -o poLo!r "y6 o"veny6 o!y1 &ne od- "ov 0 s n -o poLpoci(y po-r 1ov 0i6 #ene& 2 h- vn$# D v "dr vo#6 ener<ic-ho s( vu #ys0e6 # &% (endenciu !yD #ene& in(en"$vny (rv 0e&.$ ne> v s0 !o podr'>den/K ponech D -($v #usi !yD reprodu-ov n v spo#ien- ch6 0e!o vi c 1i #ene& pre#enen' 3 n( sy o!r'"-ov. O! & 3(ere33ec(s s (u predov.e(-/# pov >ov D " - nie v/0u1ne v o!0 s(i vi"u'0nych vne#ov6 -de s% n &vi c .(udov 0K 0e (u &e p0 (n/ vi c 1i #ene& do in/ch o!0 s($ p0i-'cie poci(ov. H0 vn ro"die0y #ed"i "vy.-ov/ n &edne& s(r ne6 p #5D preds( vivosD o!r'"-y n druh% s(r nu &e6 >e prv/ u(ri(e &u s poci(o# vn$# vos(i6 i! v -on(inui(e s do#'ci#i "#ys0ov/ch vne#ov6 " ro"# ru 3 n('"ie "dru>eni s #os( (ne6 s% u#ies(nen " chov n pod0ieh -(or/ !e"pros(redne predch'd" "#ys0ov do&#y 2u!ovo2n ne"'vis06 0e<'0ne6 !eh6 v. -6 o!r "y p #5D preds( vivosD 1i s(o1ne nedo!rovo2ne vys-y(n%D poci(y #en.ie 0e!o v51.ie spon('nnosD d0h% do!u po predch'd" &%cich "#ys0ov/ch %1in-ov sp=so!en/ch #y.0ien-ov soci'cie6 1i s(o1ne sp=so!en 2u!ovo2n/6 #=>e !yD "novu vyhn 0 upr ven/. S (/#i(o ch r -(eris(ic-/#i ro"die0y s os( (n/#i6 0e v.eo!ecne6 #ene& ro"hodu&%ce6 s r="ny#i 2uT#i vi c 1i #ene& v ri !i0n/ prechody pries(or "o!r "ov c$ch6 ro"die0y v -o#uni-'cii6 1o s .$ri n s0edu&%ce. A- chce(e vyhr D v/chodis-ov/ !od6 so# prv/ & vov ( -6 -o &e6 -o !o0o "is(en u #U 6 -(o so#6 -o (o !o0o u spodn/ch -r &n/ch #er d0e6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(orho
p #5Dov o!r'"-y psychic- & vy6 -o &e n pr$-0 d "vy.-ov/ s% schopn$ pri!0$>iD. T # &e6 v. -6 (o6 1o so# n .ie0 so #nou6 & so# poved 06 #us$ pres( D po s( ros(0ivo# 1 s(o op -ov n po"orov nie6 "T 0e- nie v.e(ci rovn -o6 v in/ch " s 6 -o !ude "re&# " ni>.ie uveden/ch pr$p dov. P #5D preds( vivosD o!r'"-y s #i & v$ v.eo!ecne v>dy pro(i nie1o#u6 -o &e (e0esnos(i ni1 ch/! 6 v"du.n6 !e" "vu1ne&6 -o v pr$p de vi cer/ch h#o(n/ch do&#ov "vy.-ov/ o!r ". T -6 -res! o!r "ov p #5D preds( vivosD &e so #nou6 !e" (oho porovn nie neur1i(%6 ro"# " n6 ne> (o "vy.-ov/ o!r ". C sn6 os(r o!rysy -o ne#=>e# s dos( D & (ie n &!e>ne&.ie du.evn o!r "y o!&e-(ov6 -(or s% pre #U - >d/ deU n p #5(i6 v. -6 poLo!r "y s "odpoved &%ce os(ros(i d=&sD -o pri #o "o!r "ene& po0o>-y. ;vy.-ov/ o!r " v u" vre(e& o-o s% v "'vis0os(i n po#ere & su in(ui($vne o!&e-(ov n "e#i6 n -(or s o!& vi0i6 (o !uT deep !0 c-6 0e!o 2 h.i -o o-o0i( spodne& 1 s(i o- 6 -o &edno(ne& 1ierne& "ornho po2 . P #5Dov o!r'"-y6 0e # v.eo!ecne s0 !.$ poci(6 ne> s #o(n 1ierne od !ie0e& po 1iernu6 &e neus('0e (riedi & su s(upnice n &h0!.i 1iern &e 1is(o 1ierne o1i. O('"- 6 -(or% !y so# (er "6 " (i 2 1o v 1e0e (oh(o ro"s hu6 -eT so# pre#/.2 0 po-r 1u&e & pod 1ierne6 &edn vedie svo& n'"or n h#0is(/ do&e#6 p #5Dov/ch 3 n( sy o!r'"-ov. F r!y #=>e# do p #5(i o!r "y 3 re!n/ch o!&e-(ov pri vyn 0o>en$ v.e(-ho %si0i 6 0e!o 0en v 0e(#/ch6 pochy!n %1(y reprodu-ov D v p #5(i ve2#i v/r "n/ch do&#ov 7F K Av. -6 so# si >iv 3 re!n p o!r "ov v o(vorene& -o " vre(ho o- . Tie> so# ni-dy sn$v D vo 3 r!e6 0e v.e(-y #o&e s-%senos(i v (o# sne s #i "d &% ro!iD6 v -o#si s%#r -u 0e!o v noci.
7F
T ->e -eT si spo#enie# re"ov v &ci n .pen'(e6 -de !ie0e&6 >0(e& "e0ene& do!od n/ch ve2#i os(r/ pro(i se!e.
*ie so# schopn/ ni dr> D s('0e n &1 s(e&.ou #en('0ny o!r " & n -r'(-u do!u6 0e &e po(re!n6 !y s n (o po"rieD d0h.ie6 ( ->e s op -ov ne hovoriD vyr'! D "nov K ne#en$ (o !uT s'# o se!e6 pre(o>e "#i"ne "novu6 0e od se! chce# (o n pr viD %#ys0y 1 s(o ved% op5D po se!e6 ( - (o u> nie dos( ne sp5D po"ornosD 0e!o v/ro!n 1innos(i6 o(upu&e r/ch0o.A0e (o nie &e o(upenie p #5(i 1innos(i v=!ecK & so# L (o s #i "d' hodn/ po"ornos(i L ne!r'ni6 n #ies(o (oho6 o- #>i(/ f 0.ie spo0o1n/ o!r " p #5(e6 ( - & sne6 -o (o &e pre #U (o v=!ec #o>n si preds( viD6 - &e vy1erp n/ n (e&(o po"ornos(i 0e!o v/ro!n 1innos(i6 pre vr'(i prv/ o!r'"o-6 -de !y so# #oho0 "novu vyr'! D s po1i (o1nou & snos(i. To p0 ($ & o v.e(-/ch s%visi cich o!r "ovK -o so# si 1 s(o6 n pr$-0 d eOperi#en( s dvo# v/chod#i n rovn -/ch 3o(o<r 3ic-/ch por(r(ov oso!nos($ 1i por(r(y visi ved2 se! v #o&o# o!/v ce& i"!e6 -(or/ #=>e# ni 1 s(o po se!e v p #5(i reprodu-ov D6 0e -o do!re v nie-o2-/#i "#en #i. Av. -6 d 0 so# (%(o "#enu (rochu pre-v pu&%ci po1e( po se!e id%cich pre16 so# s oci(o0 v pos0edne& dis-ov/ch o!r "ov vy1erp n/6 0e #=>e $sD n
(reDo# o!r'"-u s %specho#. ;vy.-ov/ o!r " *e#=>e# previesD pod2 2u!ov=0e. O!r'"-y p #5(i #=>e# 2 h-o pren'. D n >e0 nie s in/#i6 ove2 D >.ie pos(upne prev'd" D 0e!o #eniD do in/ch 3 n( s(ic-y. ; >i dnych o-o0nos($ # n p d0o o!&e-(y v p #5(i po2 v in/ch po#eroch n v"'&o# s 6 -o (o "odpoved' 3orie# n'"orov s o(voren/#i o1 #i6 pr've ( - -o #o& preds( vivosD s ich v/(vory nie s% " (/ch(o #ed"$. T - so# si ne#ys0$#6 >e 2udi "r "u en face preds( v(e si6 " &eho chr!( 6 -eT chod$ s #y.0ien-ou6 !y s s n$# poro"pr'v D. To6 1o so# !o0 ve2#i ne1 - n/ op -ov n/ch po"orov n$ ne#=>e# n'&sD in -6 &e6 >e &e 2 h.ie ri diD produ-ov D sn$#-y s pripo#ien-ou6 0e v>dy ve2#i # 0/6 0e re0 ($vne v51.iu & snosD s o(voren/#i o1 #i6 ne> so " vre(/#i o1 #iK +en so# si (o %p0ne !s(r -(n #i#o po"ornosD "von-uK ( ->e # (o "#i"ne6 1o so# s # o se!e nie &e o!(i >n 6 2 h.ie dosi hnuD6 - o(vor$# o1i do0e6 -o !y sn$v nie s#eru&e pro(i pod0 he. ;d' s 6 !y so# ( - poved 0 pred(/#6 -o !y ch/! 0 v pr$p de ce0-ovho "'vere o1 #i 2 h-ho # (eri'0u6 p0iesD o!r "y " ne&6 -o -e!y o1i B0 cher<5!e ni1 - (o#u6 nepr$&e#n pr cov 0 pre ich v/-on6 -o deU &e#n/ & s. L So# v. - pre !s(r -(n #ys0enie ni-dy 0ep.$ ne> s-orho r'n u#ies(nen v (#e v pos(e0i. PoLo!r "y s pohy!ov D v rovn -o# s#ere pri pohy!e h0 vy 0e!o o1$K 1i Rovn - &e (o s vi"u'0nou p #5Dou6 spo#$n # si6 pre(o>e ve2- s0 !os(i rovn -/ >e &e D >- 1o-o2ve- v s%1 sne& do!e6 !y si (o6 -e!y so# "r "u nie1o s u.2 ch(i0ou vedo#ie6 D >-o pos%diD. A0e v>dy s #i "d 0o6 >e n pr$-0 d ve> 6 s(ro#6 #esi c n o!0ohe6 -eT so# s n ne po"er D I!uT o1i o(voren/ 0e!o u" vre(/F &e s( cion'rny6 dovo2(e #i6 !y so# (ie> udr>i v D svo&u po"$ciu vo 3 n('"ii !e"o "#eny6 " (i 2 1o PresD hov 0 so# s sp5D p0'v &%c h0 v 0e!o o1i. A-o (o &e s nie %#yse0ne s( noven' n'p d vi"u'0ne p #5Dou6 ne#=>e# poved DK "#i"ne # pri - >do# pohy!e h0 vy 1i o1$6 -eT chce# d D n r "6 1o &e (o6 1i s pohy!u&e 0e!o s v=!ec ne"o!r "$ s pohy!ov DK (/#6 >e (o0erov D (o(o ro"de0enie po"ornos(i. ;orn po0e6 v -(oro# n -res0iD p o!r "y "d n0iv/ "orn/ uho0 p #5Dov/chL o!r "ov pon%-nuD n uvere&nenie n s0edu&%ce ro"die0y Preds( vu&e po0e "vy.-ov/ so " vre(/#i o1 #i6 1iern "orn po0e6 s #i "d' ve2#i o!#ed"ene& ve2-os(i !e" hH!-y6 (esne pred #o&i#i o1 #i 0e!o rovn -e& "vis0e& rovine "hodn/ so. A& -eT #'# n "!y(-ov/ ve2#i r="ne T 0.ie o!&e-(y s%1 sne v u" vre(o# o-u6 "d' s #i6 -o !y n povrch ved2 se! ur1$ ich ve2-osD 0en o uho0 (v're6 v -(oro# s o!& vi0i pred#e(y6 -(or d 0 po o!r "u6 ( ->e podvod 6 -(or' s s( 0 n'# s o(voren/#i o1 #i n ine& pov hy6 >e rovn -' ve2-osD6 r="ne v"di 0en o!&e-(y o!& vu&% (ie> rovn -% ve2-osD6 "#i"ne do poLo!r'"-y (/ch(o pred#e(ov6 -(or #'# po"i($vne s-%senos(i GF .
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Vo v.e(-/ch (/ch(o oh2 doch v"h2 d o!0 s(i o!r'"-ov p #5D preds( vivosD so #nou s chov' %p0ne od0i.ne. A-o vid$#e o!&e-(y v>dy pred n #i6 0e & so# & s'# s-0ony - o!&e-(o#6 n -(or si spo#$n #6 0e predo #nou6 -o &e " #nou
"o"n'#iDK 0e ne#=>e# 0en 2u!ovo2ne T 0e-o predo #nou6 0e " #nou6 !o-6 ce"6 -(or/ s n ch'd" pod preds( viD6 >e #=>e s'# s%1 sne 0e!o predv$d D pri r/ch0ych "#en'ch vo ve>i predo #nou ve>e " #nou6 o!&e-(y6 rovn -o -o & predo #nou " n v"'&o#6 -o preds( viD n v"'&o#. A- so# s r'no po s('0e 0e>$ herein<e!rochene# dni r'no v pos(e0i6 (icho dr> nie o(voren o1i " vrieD si r "6 1iern poLo!r " !ie0e& pos(e0i "o #U ro!$ "vy1 &ne pri #o predo #nou !ie0e& vne#u 1ierne - ch0$ po(ru!i n pro(i2 h0e&6 doce0 T 0e-o s(en d0h' -o#or 6 v -(ore& sp$#6 s%1 sne d r. s ve2-ou in(en"i(ou O! & ;d' s #i6 -o !y n povrch ved2 se! 6 v. -6 #'# n #ys0i s o(voren/#i o1 #i uvidieD ce0% dH>-u !ie0e& pos(e0i6 #ne &e v u" vre(o# o-u eOis(u&% v s-u(o1nos(i i! &e re0 ($vne %"-y 1ierny pr%>o-6 #ies(o6 v"h2 do# - ve2-#u "n$>eniu6 v -(oro# so# vide0 n pos(e2. * #ies(o (oho6 p #5(i o!r " reprodu-u&e ce0% i0%"iu v"h2 du s o(voren/#i o1 #i. S(ru1ne poved n6 " (i 2 1o s "d' spo-o&n$ s &eho "vy.-ov/ # D i! dv ro"#ery !e" hH!-y # 1iern "orn po0e6 "d' s #i6 "orn po0e n p #5Dov o!r'"-ov n (ri di#en"ie s hH!-ou6 -o v "orno# po0i s o(voren/#i o1 #i. AspoU (o &e pr vd 6 #'# ce0% p0ochu6 0e!o o-o0i 6 i"!u 0e!o -o preds( viD n r ". a vne#u o!#ed"enho o!&e-(u6 -o &e n pr$-0 d p0 #eU svie1-y vn$# D v u" vre(o# o-u6 #us$# upo"orniD n 1ierno# po0i poh2 du " vre(ho o- . A3(eri# <e " !er' is(/6 nie &e r!i(r'rny s #i !yD "#enen/6 n #ies(o (oh(o "ornho po2 6 &e o!-0open/ rovn - ( -6 !y po#ery &e& & su po"$ciu n is( #o>no pri #o in(erpre(ov D vyhodno(iD. * druh% s(r nu6 vn$# D pripo#ien-u 1i 3 n('"iu6 #us$# odpo1$( D po"ornosD 1ierne "orno# po0i v rovn -o# "#ys0e6 -o so# s vy(i hnuD (o " o!0 s(i s0uchu6 Ge( s(e#p3indun<en (T6 1$# vi c so# s ods(%piD6 (/# vi c #oci !y so# s o!& v$ pripo#ien- 0e!o 3 n( sy o!r'"o-. *ie-edy -eT s "d'6 >e &e #o>n6 !y so# pro&e-(u pripo#ien-u 1i e3e-(n/ o!r'"o- n 1ierno# po0i poh2 du6 0e!o (o ( - poved D6 s 3 n('"iou do "u# 0en o!r'"-ov. A0e "d' s !yD " 0o>en 0en n (o6 >e so# n &vi c n -0onen/ h2 d D p #5(iLi# <e dopredu 0e!o v"di 0iD s K A& uspieD6 0e nie ( -6 !y po#ery o!r'"-u do po2 so# #oho0 !yD po-o&ne o Uo# do"vede0K 0e c$(i# (o "v0'.(ne %si0ie6 1o s "d' !yD " 0o>en' n sn he (r ns3or#ov D r/ch0u v/#enu #ed"i "orno# po0i poL o!r "y #en('0nych o!r "ov vo n'hod & !ude# (ie> ni-dy do-on 0' s%s(ru>enie %#yse0ne. To "n #en'6 >e n s0edu&%ce s%vis$P So# do!re schopn/ v51.e& p #5(i o!r " (oho6 1o v51.in ro"o"n (e2n 1 s(i vr'( ne 0e!o preds( viD v51.inu s%vis0 p #5(i sn$#os%1 sne s vedo#$#6 0e!o6 - n #ies(o s-u(o1nho si#u0('nnos(i ve2#i r/ch0o pre&sD !y # 0 v"h2 d si#u0('nnos(i 1o. pr$sne ro"0i.ov D si nie &e #o>n6 r/ch0y pos(upne v prie!ehu v"h2 d s poci(o# do-on 0e& -on(inui(y 1innos(i6 -o so# s "os( D v rovn -o# od!ore6 s Doce0 rovn -o -o s p #5Dov/#i o!r'"-ov pre se! 6 >e &e s "vy.-ov/ pre se! . Tie> #=>e# #ed"i vedo#/# oh2 do# n poLo!r "y p #5Dov/ch o!r "ov #en$ ve2#i r/ch0o6 0e nie so# schopn/ pochopiD vne#u o!r " p #5(e s%1 sne 0e!o s %1( #i si#u0('nnos(i vedo#$ # &% prechody " &ednho do druhho nie &e rovn -/ poci( -on(inui(y6 s -eT so# "os( D v "orno# po0i
p #5Dov/chLsn$#o- 0e!o poLo!r "y pre se! . Pri pr$0e>i(os(i Ipo"ri vy..ieF ci(ov ne& s-%senos(i v #o&e& sp'0ni6 so# s sn >i0 n p #5(i o!r "6 -(or/ #'# n #ys0i vidieD pos(e2 - ch0e po(ru!i po se!e6 od eOis(ov D v re 0i(e6 v -(ore& v.e(-o vy"er' -o n povrchu6 !y do A& pod2 previesD preds( viD s #i se! n (o h2 d 0K &eden !y si #oho0 #ys0ieD6 >e ( # #us$ !yD vi c 2 h-o pod r$ vyro!iD o!r " p #5(e od eOis(ov D v re 0i(e6 ne> &e vyr'! D 1ers(v. A0e po-us neuspe06 0e po"ornosD #us$ !yD n &prv %p0ne odpo1$( n od eOis(ov D v s-u(o1nos(i vy(voriD o!r " p #5(e s cer(i3i-'(#i n predne& " dne& s(r ne. A- o!r'(i#e po"ornosD "#ys0ov/ch o!0 s($6 n s(r ne druhe&6 #'#e & ur1i(%6 nes#ie !yD pop$s n6 0e &ednoducho - >d/ v s-%senos(i ch6 -(or # &% !yD reprodu-ov n/ poci( #odi3i-ov nho s#ero#6 -(or/ #=>e#e op$s D -o poci( in% #ies(nu n p5(i . )$(i#e vpred n p5(i v o1i ch6 !o1ne ri di0 v u.i ch6 -(or/ r s(ie s #ierou po"ornos(i6 pod2 (oho6 -o (o n pr viD 1o po"orne6 po"orne n 1%v D nie1o#u6 1o &e d=vod6 pre1o (o &e (ie> n "/v n/ n p5(ie po"ornos(i s #o(nho. * && sne&.ie c$(i(e (en ro"die06 -eT s r/ch0o "#en$ v s#ere po"ornos(i #ed"i o-o# ucho#. Pre(o6 0$.i v "'vis0os(i n r="nych "#ys0ov/ch or<'nov6 -o n'&sD poci(6 -edy chce(e po c$(i#e nie1o &e#nho6 chuD6 do(y-. A0e (er " #'# ve2#i n 0E<ov/ poci( n p5(i 6 -o -eT !ude# chcieD nie1o ce0-o# os(r/ preds( viD6 s (v'rou 0e!o uch 6 -eT chce# pripo#en%D si6 pripo#ien-u 1i e3e-(n o!r'"o- -o & sn6 -o &e (o #o>nK (en(o poci( &e %p0ne n 0o<ic-/ 0o- 0i"ov n/ %p0ne od0i.n. a/# os(r/ -o #o>nho poU (ie o!&e-($vnych vidi(e2n/ch o!&e-(ov6 -o s% poLo!r "y6 n p5(ie v/r "ne $sD vpred o(o1(e po"ornosD os( (n/ch "#ys0ov/ch o!0 s(i ch 0en v s#ere #ed"i von- &.$#i "#ys0 #i "#ien6 " (i 2 1o "vy.o- h0 vy po poci(ov &e de -(ivov n/6 od$de v " #es(n n$ upo#ien-y 0e!o i# <in ($vne 1innosD6 n p5(ie n poci(y do ce0ho von- &.$ch "#ys0ov/ch or<'nov "6 "d' s s-=r 1 s(i h0 vy6 #o"o< vypHU v"0e(uK chce# si pripo#en%D6 n pr$-0 d6 o!0 sD 0e!o oso! predo #nou ce0-o# (e#per #en(n/6 ( ->e &e ove2 >iv.ie s u- "ov 0i predo #nou6 nie vi c so# n (i hnuD po"ornosD po predne& s(r ne6 0e 1$# vi c so# nepoved 0 od$sD " n$#. S('0e do!r veci6 vi c ni>.ie. H 0ucin'cie pred " sp n$#6 pre(o>e # &% (o2-o 2ud$6 -(or$ neeOis(u&% pre #U K >iv sve(0o !0i- &%ce6 v>dy so# -v=0i choro!n/ s( v #o&ich o1$ do " vre(ho o- 6 ni-dy ur1en/ pre -on-r(ne pos( vy6 ni #=>e# ro!iD (o > do 3 n('"ie 1innos(i. aoniec -oncov6 sp/( &(e s s #i se! o!r'"-y p #5D preds( vivosD so #nou v &edno#6 -o s "d'6 &e v in/ch v"'cne6 s0 !osD6 & -eT #'# p #5D i# <in ($vne -(ivi(u e.(e ( - sn >iD6 v. -6 pre(rv'v &%ceho sn$#-e s # Oi#'0nou 2 h-osDou ve2-ou in(en"i(ou6 1 s(o nepr$&e#n6 prisp=so!iD s #nouK & ne#'# d=vod6 #=& "#yse0 pre 3 r!y6 s o(voren/#i o1 #i ur1en/ch pre #ene& udr> D6 ne> os( (n$ 2udi . A- &e (o #o>n e.(e D >.ie -o v "orno# po0i so# vyro!iD spo#ien-y n %"e#$ os( (n/ch "#ys0ov. T ->e so# e.(e #ene& schopn6 !y so# reprodu-ov D "vu- h0 su svo&e& >eny 0e!o in/ch os=!6 s -(or/#i s " o!er'# denne s -/#-o2ve- & sne v p #5(i6 -o &e& (v'r6 -eT u> so#6 -eT n o" & po1%v 0 &e& h0 s v rovn -/ch os=! (# vo !y spo"n D #ed"i (is$c- #i. G r[# schopn/ reprodu-ov D s v=Uou chuDou poci(ov. Cednoduch #e0Edie6 0e & si si p #5( D &ednoduch.ie pre #U spo#ien-
n neho po-o&n nespiev 0 0e!o po-o&n pohy!y hr( n 6 -eT so# spiev 06 po 1 s(o# po1%v n$. ?ies(ne "#yse0 rededic (ion poci(ov v in/ch "#ys0ov/ch o!0 s(i ch6 -o &e (v'r s #i "d' s #ies(ny#i poci(y v (o#(o "hodu&%K ve2 >ive& hud!y6 0e ver$#6 >e !e" v'h ni do p #5(e6 0e vi c !y so# po1uD s u. #i. ; (i 2 prv v0 s(n po"orov ni . S (/#i so# n .ie0 vn$# nie druh/ch6 -(or so# viedo06 v0 s(n po"orov nie6 v.eo!ecne6 vi c -on"is(en(n vi c s "hod0i v s0 !os(i p #5D preds( vivosD o!r'"-y so #nou6 0e hovori06 >e (o 2 h-o dvoch s-u(o1nosDou6 >e >ivosD (/ch(o o!r "ov v r="ni 2udi &e nes#ierne 0$.i6 >e 1$# vi c s% (ie(o & vy s !0$>i psychic-e& & vy6 ne> -o "vy.-ov/ v si0e6 vi c os( (n "#ienen ro"die0y rovn - s0 !n%D6 ( ->e n -oniec i! "'s dn/ ro"die0 #ed"i spon('nny# nonLspon('nny <ener'cie "#eny #ed"i dvo# ;d' s 6 >e & n T 0e&. Bo0o !y " u&$# v upr vov D (en(o 10'no- .( (is(ic-y6 2u(u&e#6 # &% 0e " ned!'v s-or.ie s-u(o1ne " #/.2 n/ ( - s0edov nie o!&e-(u n in o!&e-(y6 ( ->e pre #U nie &e ( - ro"si h0y # (eri'0 pre porovn nie &e pr$(o#n/ pove06 -o so# si >e0 0 . ?o>no !y v. - !o0o (o ove2 vi c s do"vie(e " v51.ieho po1(u pr$p dov6 -o !o0i o"n'#en 3o0<ends " re0 ($vne #'0o so# "hro# >Tov n v pos0edne& do!e. ?i#ochodo#6 &e "re&#6 >e &e do-onc D >- "$s- D presn spo2 h0iv in3or#'cie v (e&(o o!0 s(i6 pre(o>e &e D >- d D ( - &ednoducho #usieD n'&sD (ie spr'vne pod#ien-y (u. S( ros(0iv op -ov n se! po"orov ni s -on n$# se! -0 #u6 ur1i(e& o('"-e6 -edy in3or#'cie po> dov n in/#i6 op (rne6 !y s(e ich u#ies(niD odpovie v %s( ch6 &e (u uveden/. Tie> cie2 " ru1iD6 >e (o !o0o ch'p n v ino# pries-u#e 0e< 0[ve pochopi06 >e v. de ve2#i podo!n o-o0nos(i vn%(orn po"orov nie s -on 0 6 #=>e d D6 po-i 2 ide o nie-(or !ody D >-o. Ce nesporn6 &e po(re!n v pos0edne& n 0/"e6 !y s n porovn (e2n/ch o!&e-(ov od- "e p #5(i o1 -'v D6 >e podo!n re -cie #=>u6 !e" (oho6 !y #i "d' ho0d n nie-(or po0o>-y hodno(y. ,! &eden #us$ ro"0i.ov D6 1i &e "n'#e6 0e!o nie s% o!o"n'#en$ spo#ien-y n o!#ed"en% p #5($ s%!orov6 -o s% ru>e6 v$"ie6 ve>e6 -(or so# "vy1 &ne up0 (Uu&% -o pr$-0 dy6 0e!o neo!#ed"en6 -o " ce0ho re<iEnu6 &e6 1i spo#ien-y s% "$s- n -on"u0('cii (o 1i ono "dru>enie "n #en'. A!y nie " 1 D s -o#p0i-'ci #i6 "d' s #i vhodn n &prv vy0%1iD spo#ien-y n'"orov6 -(or !o0i "$s- n po#ocou v0 s(ne& 1innos(i6 -(orho p #5D po(o# "dru>eni -o in(er <u&e s (/# s in(ui($vne o!&e-(u6 -o -e!y # 0i r # 2u&e6 -o1$- ce" o!0 sD6 si preds( vu&e6 si #ys0$6 >e &e (o #o>n. f 0.ie po-r 1ov nie (/ch(o po"orov n$ sp=so!o#6 !y pr vdepodo!ne vied0o - nie-(or/# %v h'# vy"n #en ni 6 -(or #usi !yD vy-on n (u6 ne!o0i pre"en(ov n v (o#(o prvo# po-use pod# niD (%(o o!0 sD presne&.ie po"orov nie &e. Ter " chce# n &prv poved D -on-r(ne podro!nos(i nie-(or/ch os=! vi c 1i #ene& in(en"$vne s-%# n/ch #nou6 po(o# nie-(or v.eo!ecn upo"ornenie n (%(o (#u. D%3 #6 >e ne!ude(e 2u(ov D pries(or s (en(o ?i((hei0un<en n do-on1enie6 ve2#iK -o in3or#'cie o spr'v n$ & vov v r="nych 2ud$6 0e s% &edin/ sp=so!6 -o #=>e nie-edy viesD - nie1o#u6 do(er " ('(o s-%senosD "'-0 dUu ( -#er %p0ne ch/! . Pre(o>e ( -#er v.e(-/ch pr$p doch6 -eT &e p #5D sn$#-y6 -(or chce(e pri!0$>iD h 0ucin'cie 0e!o id% do (/ch6 -(or$ > do(er " upo"orUov 0 n
se! K nepochy!ne pr vd 6 0e predov.e(-/# vidieD 0en6 -o vidieD & vy v nor#'0nych pr$p doch spr'v D. * s0edu&%ce pr$p dy s% v s%0 de s v"os(upn/ch s(upUov pr$s(upu - psychic-/ch & vov6 -(or s #i "d &% # D pod2 popisu6 r den. 7F )h H. @hi(e6 pro3esor 3i0o"o3ie6 so #nou v rovn -o# ve-u IR9 ro-ovF6 "d' s 6 po-0 d' p #5(i sn$#o- !ude n ve2#i podo!ne& %rovni -o & 6 (/#6 >e &e schopn/ 0en produ-ov D ( - #'0o & sn 3 r!y 0e!o -res0enie &u . ?'6 -eT " vrie o1i6 rovn -o ( #'0o6 -o #'# 1is(/ 1ierny po2 6 0e v.e(-y druhy " !e"3 re!nho sve(0 v (o#6 " -(ore& v. - u> s('0e o1i " (voren p0iesD6 ( ->e nie-(or (v rov n pr$"r -y6 1o so #nou nie &e (en pr$p d &e. A- ich chce(e s0edov D6 #us$ up%( D po"ornosD %p0ne vhodne6 -o -eT s chce po"er D n von- &.$ch o!&e-(ov s o(voren/#i o1 #i6 -(or ho preds( vu&% v (o#(o oh2 de Irovn -o -o so #nou sve(0 !0i- nieF v. de #o>ne (e&(o "#0uvy6 " (i 2 1o on6 " %1e0o# "$s- ni o!r "ov p #5(i6 rovn -o -o & 6 s #usi s(i hnuD po"ornosD v.e(-/ch v (e&(o o!0 s(i6 ur1i(e o!s hov D o!r "y p #5(e s (/#i(o "#yse0n o!r "y s%1 sne o1$ 0e!o n po0e o rovn -e& p0echov-y n 3 r!y6 1o ( - s ro"hodo0 s n$# &e pr$p d >e !o0 n -0onen/ vidieD ni>.ie po op 1ne& in in3or#'cie6 -o n nespr'vne v"h2 do# n s-u(o1nos(i " 0o>en/ch. GF A@ Vo0-# nn6 pro3esor n (E#ie 3y"io0E<ie6 (ie> R9 ro-ov6 #=>e (ie> produ-ov D 0en Xve2#i s0 ! ne& sn o!r "y p #5(i6X (o -o v (vor$6 -o 3 r! &e "nepo-o&en'6 0e "d' s #u6 s(upeU & snos(i "n 1ne 0$.i6 & -eT !y !o0o #o>n o-o0nos(i6 n -(or/ch #us$ !yD uveden. *e> p=&de(e sp D6 >e #' 1 s(o6 0e vo ve2#i od0i.no# priechodnos(i6 do!re "n'#e& h 0ucin'cie X6 pod2 o-o0nos($ ( - & sn6 >e 3 n('"i o!r'"-y o!&e-($vny o!r " v & snos(i o!rysu in(en"i(y 3 rie! D >-o ni>.$chX6 ne#ene& ;d' s 6 >e #u vo sne6 p0ochy T 0.ie o!&e-(y s 3 r! #i MF . * druh% s(r nu ne#' 2 h- "vy.-ov/ #' n -onci o1$ nor#'0ne 1is(o 1iern I1i u> ce0/ sve(0o !e" pr chubF ;orn po0e. aeT po-usy o " chy(enie sn$#o- " p #5(i6 >e "#i"ne pr vide0ne6 0e!o -o on !y r d.e& vy& drov D6 Xpr vide0ne n po#ys0en$ n veci.X U#ies(nenie o!r "u p #5(e v !so0%(no# pries(ore s 0$.i pod2 po0ohy o1$6 ( ->e on si preds( vu&e o!r " p #5(e n "vy.ov nie o1$ n d ZF . Do-'>e si preds( viD6 o!r "y p #5(i (esne pred n$#. *'&de >i dny v/"n #n/ ro"die0 v &ednoduchos(i <ener'cie p #5Dov/chLo!r "ov v o(vorene& u" vre(e& o-o. ?' p #5D o!r "y6 -eT &e o-o " (voren vyr'! D6 #us$ s " #er D po"ornosD6 !y s v o!r "u p #5(i6 >e Xo poci( n 1ierno# po0i poh2 du "ro"u#i(e2nos(i s(r'c X6 -eT neuspe&e6 po(o# do "u# 0en &edin/ o!r " p #5(e v 1ierno# po0i poh2 du6 6 -(or/ &e o!-0open/ rovn -% -o2 &nicu6 -o &e (o#u v pr$p de s eOis(ov D v re 0i(e. ;d' s v. -6 Xs%1 sn "o!r "enie p #5(e o!r "u 3(eri# <e ce0-o# #o>n6 - nie 0(ern ($vny o poci(y ne< ($vny o!r " o!r "u p #5(i ( - r/ch0o6 >e s% pov >ov n " s-0 d &%ci s " rovn -e&. A0e & ( - vo 3or#e 3 r!e ve2#i v'<ny p #5D o!r " &e v"h2 do# s%1 sne& pr$(o#nos(i 3(eri# <e s('0e ne& sn %v hy o (en rovn -/ n #'h v. X *'&de s Produ"ieruni dn XK rovn -o -o (o vy"er' Xp #5D po1u0 vyvo0 D sn hu h0 vy poci( #ies(nych spo#ieno- vidieD po1uD o (o is(.X Poci( v h0 ve v n #'h ve& uv >ov ni X&e podo!n/ in(ern/# v/(0 1-ov.X
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To !o0o " ned! n po0o>iD o('"-u6 1i &e (o & v pr$p de6 >e s "'#erne " v'd" o!&e-( p #5(i6 " (i 2 1o pohy!y o1$ h0 vy6 -o &e s( noven'.
MF @. H n-e06 pro3esor 3y"i-y6 ZQ ro-ov6 si p #5('6 >e !o0 ch0 pec6 p #5Dov o!r "y n'hodne s "#yse0nou >ivosDou6 -o -e!y vide0 o1 #i6 -(or vyr'! &% upr vu&% (ie(o o!r "yK 0e (o &e (er " u> nie pr$p d. * prie- (o#u 0e & sne #=>u !yD o!&e-(y s ich 3 r! #i In pr. 3 r! spe-(r F s%1 sn s ich 3or#uK 0e nie vi c6 nie vi c6 ne> -e!y ich vide0 s ch r -(ero# "#ys0ov/ch & vov s o1 #i. ; ur1i(ho #ies( 6 -de s #u "& vi06 ne#=>e hovoriD6 0e!o ur1i(/ v"D h " nich ur1iD 1ierny "orn po0e so " vre(/#i o1 #i6 " -(or/ch #' po"ornosD6 rovn -o -o !s(r -(n s-=r n <enerov nie o!r "u p #5(i6 -o " von- &.$ch o!&e-(ov. * vy.e6 ne#=>e vo&sD 3 r!y v 1ierno# po0i poh2 du6 >e (o vy"er 0o -o poLo!r "y rovn -e& pries(orove& p #5(i sn$#o-. PoLo!r "y uvidi nie0en D >-6 #' pred " sp n$# >i dne h 0ucin'cie6 0e sp D ve2 snov. Ceho "orn po0e so " vre(/#i o1 #i v (#e &e 1is(o 1ierne6 i! s do!re v. de nor#'0ne6 0e 2 h-o preh0i dnuD6 !e" (oho6 !y oso!i(n% po"ornosD re>isr po"ornos(i6 #ierne ro"p(/0en sve(0o pr ch. Vyr'! ce0-u # 0 !yD &ednoduch.ie p #5Dov o!r'"-y v o(vorene& " (voren o1i. Do-'>e dr> D (/ch6 -(or$ ne# &% s #eniD nedo!rovo2ne6 i! -o s #o"re&#osD6 po"ornosD s pos(upne o(upu&e. Ve> s #=>e rovn -o do!re !yD pov >ov n/ " n$# pr'vo n spe-(ru# 3 rie! &ednoduch.ie -o pred(/# " se!ou. Bi p #5Dov o!r "y pohy!ov D s pohy!o# h0 vy o1i s #u "d 0o D >- s ro"hodn%D.Gener'ci p #5Dov/ch o!r'"-ov s "d' sprev'd" n/ 0o- 0i"ov n " 1e0o poci(y %#ys0e - ne#uK (en(o poci(6 0e -eT Uv >u&(e o #e0Edi'ch6 0e>i ce T 0e& sp5D -o v uv >ov n$ o vidi(e2n. Poci( %si0ie pri uv >ov n$ s #u "d' ove2 o!si h0e&.$ ne> -on(r s(n. ZF ?@ Dro!isch6 pro3esor # (e# (i-y 3i0o"o3ie6 o p'r ro-ov #0 d.$ -o & 2 h-o v"ni- &% 3 re!n p #5Dov/ch o!r "ov 3 re!n/ch o!&e-(ov6 v. -6 (o nie &e 2 h- uspieD v pevne& -on-r(no# v/-resu "$s- D rovn -/ 0e!o dr> D sn$#-y p0ynu0e6 -o s-=r 3 n('"i 6 -o &e poved D6 1os-oro "erspie0(. Vo sne s o!1 s vid$ o!0 s($ s orien('0ny#i 3 r! #i. Tie> "vy.-ov/ ;d' s 6 >e ho ve2#i 2 h-o6 ( ->e s I" -(or/ch &eden v2 vo ochrnu(/ n "r - s F udr>i v D n -onci &eho o1i ch n chv$2u - sp0neniu &eho v$"ieK 0e n -oniec s nech 0 rovn -/ pr'"dny. Pred " sp n$#6 #' 1 s(o "n'#e "r -ov h 0ucin'cie. O-re# (oho6 - &e (o <eneru&e p #5(i o!r'"-y &ednoduch.ie o1i o(voren/ 0e!o u" vre(/6 ne# 0 vy!er D. A!y !o0o #o>n produ-ov D o!r "y p #5(e n -onci o- 6 #usi odvr'(iD po"ornosD od 1ierne& "orno# po0i6 o!r "y ne#o>no pre#ie( D n rovn -6 ni pochopiD6 s poLo!r "y s%1 sne. Po0e poh2 du p #5(e "vy.-ov/ #u "d' od0i.n/6 o1i 1ierne "#i"ne &eho vedo#i 6 " (i 2 1o on s " o!er' vidi(e2n/ch o!&e-(ov. A0e "d' s 6 -o -e!y s #u o1i pri poh2 de "n'#e& o!r "y p #5(i6 (o " h0 vuK rovn -o -o on (ie> p #5( D n !e>n/ch u.n/ch do&#y6 poci(y
-o Ge!r uch n u.i6 s% s('0e Spo#ien- n chuDov vne#y6 -o &e chuD n & "y-u. +en !y non spo0o1n/ #en('0ny o!r " & sne6 0e c$(i %si0ie s-=r -o v h0 ve " o1 #i6 ne> v o1i ch. aeT poci(y rededic (ion6 -o !y s chce0 s( r D o nie1o6 >e nie o!o&e I -o & F poci( -on(r -cie po-o>-y h0 vy6 0e -o -e!y h0 v "vn%(r von !y # 0i !yD ro"de0en6 0e!- (0 -u "vn%(r pon%-o0 odpor. Vy(v'r spo#ien-y v in/ch o!0 s(i ch -o v o!0 s(i (v're ( - 2 h-o6 -o (en(o s'# o se!e S oh2 do# n -on-r(nu o('"-u6 1i s% p #5(e o!r "y s pohy!ov D s h0 vou o1 #i6 vyh0'si0 s ( - po #o&e& >i dos(i o T 0.ie p$so#nho "'"n #uP X*e#=>e# v0 s(ne ( - d=0e>i(6 !y p0ne poved D6 >e p #5DLo!r'"-y s #i "d'6 s h0 vou o1i s pohy!u&%6 >e so# #oho0 vn$# D ich pohy!6 0e (o &e ( -. S(o&$# pri o-ne svo&e& i"!y6 vid$# od(i 2 n P u0iner(ur# po )en(r'0ne s n ch'd" n pro(i -os(o0 s(rechy6 !udovy -ni>nice6 (T6 (o v.e(-o o!-0open op5D - o-nu. ; (oh(o ce0-u (er " "os('v pre #U p #5D o!r "6 -(or/ vn%(orne ce0-o# -o p0'v pred o1 #i6 -o !y so# (o vidieD n (o# #ies(e6 pred o1i &e. Ter " #=>e# o(o1iD6 $sD do ved2 &.e& #ies(nos(i6 (T6 ( ->e -eT so# si uvedo#iD6 >e n'"or6 v>dy p0'v D o!r " v rovn -e& po0ohe vo1i #=&#u (e0u predo #nou6 -o o!&e-(y videne& predo #nou6 >e & n T 0e& To is(6 -eT so# -0i-ni(e n (0 1id0o pre(i hni(e svo&e6 " se # . presne pre1o6 pre(o>e o!r " vo v"D hu - #=&#u (e0u6 0e!o spoU do h0 vy o1$6 n &#5 ne#en$ svo&u po0ohu6 ne#=>e# poved D6 >e so# s0edov 0 pohy! o!r "u6 0e C so# i! odr " pri& D ( -/ pohy!6 -eT so# si vedo#/6 >e pos( venie #o&ich o1i ch #o&e (e0o s s( 0 T 0.ie. Bod , predo #nou L s " o-n 6 -o &e (o #o>n L XX )ir-ev &e " v #i6 " (i 2 1o Tho# s ve>e pred v #i X6X *e#=>e# #ys0ieD n XX " #nou XX preds( viD6 0e nie v.e(-y n r " s XX predo #nou XX A0e & si ne#ys0$#6 ( - -o !y so# s po"rieD 0en n (en(o %1e0. RF ?=& v0 s(n/6 1 s(o !o0i po>i d n$ o #ne6 # n>e0- 6 )0 r ? ri 6 ses(r pro3 Vo0-# nn6 R7 ro-ov6 s v - >do# oh2 de ve2#i os(r "vu-ov/ch "#ys0y6 ve2#i >ive& p #5(i6 #=>e n (o n && sne&.ie 3 r!y (v r o!&e-(ov pripo#enu(ie reprodu-ov D6 nie-edy vidi v snoch o!0 s(i ch vo 3 r!'ch s0n-u6 ino-edy 0en n5ch(i< -o .ed' v .ede& 3 r!e #' pred sp n$# 1 s(o "n'#e h 0ucin'cie6 v"h2 do# - (o#u6 "e o!1 s vyp0/v &% "vy.-ov/ ni1 nevie (y is "'#ern/#i po-usy ve2#i D >- dos( ne. ;orn po0e so " vre(/#i o1 #i &e 1is(o 1ierne6 i! s !e>ne ro"p(/0en/ch v dH>-e sve(0 pr chu. ?=>e(e s( !i0ne dr> D po"ornosD p #5Dov/chL o!r'"-y ce0-o# do!re & !e" rovn -o# V nish6 -o0$s D6 #eniD. Pre pohy!y h0 vy "d D &e& p #5(i sn$#o-6 - ( - d r1e-y -o pevn6 > v >i dno# pr$p de s presuU(e n (o v. - v pr$p de6 -eT nie s% pevne (ie s 3 n('"iou. Vid$ s " vre(/#i o1 #i o!r "y " p #5(e >iv.ie -o v o(vorene&. ?=>e(e &edno(0iv sn$#-y " p #5(e6 -o >e ru> 6 vn%(ri re#$"u v 1ierne& u" vre(ho o- 6 ( ->e s "d'6 >e &u o!-0opu&%6 0e !ude v's (o s('D (o(o ove2 vi c %si0i 6 ne> -eT s sn >i produ-ov D o!r " p #5(e !e" oh2 du n (o6 -de &e ich #ies(o vn%(orn' h0 v -eT s "d'6 >e o1i !ud% pr cov D. Sn$#-y s "d'6 & -eT v.eo!ecne s v"n'. pred o1 #i6 0e (o #=>e preds( viD do" du &e &u ( #6 0e #use0 vr'(iD6 0e!o n o" & u1i0 o1i po(o#6 vyh0'senie6 >e rovn -' prie1ne s is(ou D >-os($ !/v 0i s vy-on'v D ne"'vis0e n Dro!isch !e" neho6 uro!i0. A- si preds( viD ce0/ re<iEn so " vre(/#i o1 #i6 " (i 2 1o on hovor$6 >e (o & sne 3 re!n s po" d$# popred$ pred n$#6 -o v s-u(o1nos(i6
1iern o- "#i"ne %p0ne6 0e &e (o on 6 0e -o !y s rovn -' u> pros(redn$c(vo# 1innos($ ce0/ vn%(ri h0 vy -o o-o dovide0o. Poci( %si0ie6 - chce nie1o " p #5( D6 "d' s 6 >e poci( -on(r -cie6 -o s "d'6 ve2#i podo!n/ -o pre #U 6 !y s !e" #=&ho pr$- "u predch'd" 0 . Tie> s0uchov do&#y6 -o "vu- h0 su "n'#eho 10ove0e!o v=U -ve($n6 chuDov poci(y #=>u !yD 2 h-o & sne reprodu-ov D v p #5(i. Fi 0ov' v=U 6 v=U -0in1e-ov6 n pr v'# prich'd" &% v n &1is(e&.e& "nov . QF Dr ?. Busch6 M9 ro-ov6 "n'#y -o ces(ov (e26 u(or nie-o2-/ch ces(ovn/ch spisov6 -(or s vy"n 1u&% (/#6 & snos(i popisov edi(or Gren"!o(en 2 h-o n'"orne vid$ p #5Dov o!r'"-y s v/r "n/#i o!rys#i6 v ich p0ne& 3 rie!6 0e vede06 >e ni1 "vy.-ov/ o!r " sny v"'cne6 0e >iv/ vy"er' vo sne 3 r!y6 #' ni-dy pred(/# sp'n-u h 0ucin'cie n -onci o1$ (# v'6 &edno(n'6 2 h-o #odr s( videni . Ten #=>e # D r="ne preds( vy o p #5(i s -on(inui(ou. V op -ov n/ch po-usoch6 -eT "is($6 >e p #5Dov o!r "y s0edov D pohy!y o1$ h0 vyK sp/( 0 s 6 0e 1i (o !ude e.(e pre!ieh 6 -eT "'#erne preds( viD o!&e-(y p #5(i -o pevn6 -eT "is($6 >e s po(o# "os('v &% pevn. ; #eri v po"ornosD n spo0o1n p #5(i sn$#o- vidi(e2n/ch o!&e-(ov6 so " vre(/#i o1 #i ( -#er n 1ierno# "orno# po0i6 # 2ov n s 2 h-osDou o!#ed"ene& p #5(i o!r "y vo 3 r!e do pevn/ch o!rysov6 ( ->e s "d'6 >e &e o!-0open/6 0e!o vyvo0'v ce0% o!0 sD pred o1 #i6 c$(i 1innosD6 s -(orou vid$ v o1i ch6 nie v #o"<uK rovn -o -o &e (o#u v Uo# spo#ien-y po1u06 1o #u #=>e ne#ene& & sne reprodu-ov D -o &e vidieD6 -o -e!y po(re!ov 0 ucho - ne&. Av. -6 #ies(o6 pod2 (oho6 -o Dro!isch (o poci(6 -o !y on po(re!ov 0 von- &.ie "#ys0ov or<'ny v p #5(i6 0en - &e #ies(o6 -eT si preds( v$ "n'#e o!r "y p #5(i6 " (i 2 1o #u v 1innos(i rededic (ion6 !y "odpoved 0i non Spo0o1n/ o!r " p #5(e i! 6 do-onc s-=r ;d' s 6 >e #o"o< -on D -o o1i6 -/# o!r'"o- nie &e - dispo"$cii v p0ne& & snos(i6 -de s chov' rovn -o -o os( (n. Poci( %si0ie pri uv >ov ni &e 0en -on(r -(ives -o " -on(r -cie po-o>-y h0 vy. Busch #=>e e.(e s n &v51.ou & snos(i6 in(erir &e %(u0n/ 10enovi &eho !e"pros(redne& i "o svo&ho de(s(v n pred Z ro-#i preds( viDK Av. - >i dny ( -/(o & sn/ #en('0ne preds( vy o Uo# s% ponech n n .-o0s- ro-y univer"i(n/ch ro-ov. ;v0'.(ne6 >e dvo&i(/ 1 sD h .i. 6 -(or/ "o!r 0 so se!ou n &eho v/chodne& ces(e6 0e nie udre0 s pre!udi0 >i dne vr(ochy.Rovn -o ( - #'0o s pod ri0o n v(herisieren ce" re0 ($vne d0h% inh 0'ciu v "u!ne& ordin'cii. Vedo#ie poci( !o0es(i "os( 0. V pos0edne& " pr$p dov (u uveden'6 p #5Dov o!r "y -o v r'#ci svo&e& >ivos(i pr$s(up -o " in/ch o-o0nos($ ve2#i "#yse0n & vov. Av. -6 (en(o pr$s(up T 0e& $sDK s cie2o# u-on1iD vyvrcho0enie. ;die2 # nie-(or pr$-0 dy6 -o pre os( (n/ch u(orov s RF .
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X?'# d r6 -eT " vrie# o1i nieder<esen-(e# h0 vou ?ys0$#6 >e v s(rede "r -ovho sys(#u -ve(u6 ( - (o ne" s( vi0 o- #ih vo svo&e& prve& 3or#e6 0e od0i.u&e v r'#ci ne& odv$& D op5D nov -ve(y 3 r!y6 do-onc & "e0en' ( # do!re6 0is(y >i dne pr$rodn -ve(y6 0e 3 n( s(ic-/6 0e pr vide0ne6 pre(o>e Ro"e(y soch'rov Ce ne#o>n opr viD "re&#% n'de&n s(voreni 6 0e (o (rv' ( - d0ho6 -o s #i " p'1i6 nie &e un ven' ne"vy.u&e. Rovn -/ #=>e# priniesD6 -eT so# " se n ;ierr (h pes(ro # 2ov n/ dis- #ys0ieD n se! 6 -(or po(o# (ie> "#eni0 neus('0e od s(redu s#ero# o-r &u6 ce0-o# -o - 0eidos-opy. X ) rd nus (de &arietate rer. *ib. 1III s. 7QN seP, de s,bti*itate F1III, s. R79 seP) o se!e hovor$6 >e on ro!i06 1o chce06 #=>e# preds( viD & sn. L Grui(huisen IAn(hropo0. i ZZ9F uv'd" pr$p d #u> 6 -(or/ !o0 &eho o(ec si preds( v(e >i ri ce v &eho #0 dos(i6 -(or/ on nes-=r #ene& do!re ri den. L C. ?Y00er I.. Ph n( Ges i 77S6 s 7Z9F n vrhu&e # 0i r H.6 -(or/ s 1 s(o pod ri0o6 sve(0 3 re!n vidieD6 1o si preds( vov 06 s !ude v (e#no# "orno# po0i. Svo&vo2n 3 n(E#y ro"v$& D6 0e o!r'(i0 o- #>i(e !e" vo0i(ions. Brierre Bois de ?on( (Des Ia**,c, s. M9F "die2 n s0edu&%ce 3 i( sP X* Pein(re dui v i( en <r nde p r(ie de 0 Heri -0ien(e0 du )e0e!r p ne Cosu Reynoids6 e( se!e croy i( d[( 0en( suprieur 0 u si 6 ( i( si Occupy du[i0 #[ vou 6 di( @i< n6 voir pein( d ns une Anne MNN por(r(ov <r nds e( pe(i(s )e 3 i( P r i( physidue#en( ne#o>nK. # is 0e ( &o#s(vo de s r pidi( e( de syn %spech (onn n( ( i( ce0uiLci6 i0 !esoin due d[une se nsy n[ v i( Pour 0e #ode0e reprsen(er CE 0e vis sous #es yeuO en #oins EOecu(er. de hui( heures 0e por(r( #ini (%rne d[un ?onsieur due CE conn iss is !e ucoup6 i0 ( i( 3 i( vec 0e <r nd Soin e( d[une resse#!0 nce p r3 i(e. CE 0e Donner mue0dues Podro!nos(i o de # Pri # sur syn Procd6 Voici ce du[i0 # rpondi(. X+orsdu[un #od10e se!e prsen( i(6 CE 0e pend n( une de#iLre< rd is ((en(ive#en( Heure6 esduiss n( de (e#ps en (e#ps sur 0 (oi0e "'vis0os(i nX v is p s !esoin d[une se nsy 0on<ue. C[en0ev is 0 (oi0e { une u(re e( CE P ss is personne. +orsdue " vou0 is po-r 1ov (e2o# 0e pre#ier por(r(6 & /2&is*osti prenais *!(omme dans mon esprit, XH *e Mettais s,r Oa C(aise, K? ka.d' * "aperce&ais a,ssi P,e distinctement s i* y H?T t en ra*it\ #|#e e( CE Pu0" vec &ou(er des FOR?ES e( des cou0eurs rr|(es -o0ies de (e#ps { Vives re< rd is u(re 0 pos( v ,# <in ire6 e( CE #i ?e(( is { peindreK suspend is n #on. (r v i0 n 0i D pries-u#ov 0 preds( vov D6 A!so0u#en( co##e 0[si ori<in'0nu EUT ( dev n( #oiK to,tes *es fois P,e XH *es ye,6 s,r *a c(aise etais /2&is*osti &oyais *!(omme ". Pos(upne s ($(o u#e0ci pri.0i ( # p0iesD o!r'"-y s re 0i(ou6 &eho preds( vivosD6 s dos( 0 do (ridsi (ich ro-ov du.evne& choro!y6 " -(ore& !o0 v. - n -oniec produ-ov 06 po -(oro# !o0 &eho p #5D # 0i r ( 0en( ni ( # ( -#er ne(0#en. A0e on u#re0 1os-oro po. *ie-(or T 0.ie s%visi ce se# pr$-0 dy h0'sen Brierre de B. v. R8 3 ZS9 &eho pr'ce. ;v0'.D s( ros(0ivo H. ?eyer n s0 po"orov D s'#6 Sinnesph n( s#en n'hodne
<enerov n pop$s n v y 3y"io0E<ii nervovho v0'-n S. GM96 "die2 # &eho popis (u -on-r(ne pre(o6 >e poch'd" " presnho po"orov (e2 6 -res0enie n -on-r(nych o-o0nos(i ch ich v/ro! sp=so! presne&.ie %v hy s !erie6 (/# ocho(ne&.ie6 -eT s ne"d' - !o0i ve2#i do!re "n'#y. XPros(redn$c(vo# vi cn'so!n cvi1eni so# dosi ho0 !od6 >e &e #o>n6 !y so# d D su!&e-($vne vi"u'0ne vne#y6 2u!ovo2n'. Uro!i0 so# v.e(-y po-usy vo dne 0e!o v noci so " vre(/#i o1 #i. Spo1i (-u (o !o0o pre #U ve2#i D >-. Po1 s prv/ch po-usov6 -o dos( D (o6 1o so# 6 ce0/ o!r " !o0 & sn/6 (iene !o0i d n #ene& si0n6 2 h-o #odr s(/# sve(0o#. Po1 s T 0.$ch (es(ov so# vide0 o!&e-(y (# v rovn - vy(voren & sn o!rysy6 0e!o s-=r 0en n 1r(n%D v/-resy sve(0/ch 1i r n (# vo# #ies(e. #=>e# ro!iD (ie(o v/-resy porovn D #ene& -riedou -res! n ( !u2u6 -o 3os3oru -res0enie n (# vo# s(ene v noci6 0e us di0 s >i ri ce p r 3os3oru. U> vid$# (v'r6 n pr$-0 d6 !e" -(ore& !y so# s v. - pre#/.2 0 o -on-r(ne& oso!e6 vide0 so# n hr ni1n 0$niu pro3i0u sve(e0nho v 1iernych h0!in'ch (e#no(y6 ( - s #i "d 0o (ie>6 -eT so# s sn >i0 n podo!niD D r\inovu eOperi#en( I;oono#ie A&6 7 S. MS8F6 i! hr ny -oc-y -o sve(0 1i ry n (# vo# #ies(e6 nie-o2-o-r'( Av. -6 vide0 so# -oc- n o" & !ie0 &e& o-r &e 1ierne6 !o0 po(o# v 2 h.o# d=voduK ?oho0 !y so# do-onc 2u!ovo2ne vidieD !ie0u -oc-u s 1ierny#i o-r &#i v 2 h.o# (erne 1ierne -oc-y s !ie0y#i o-r &#i v (# v.ie o!0 s(i6 (o do-onc - >d/ o- #ih. Po d0h.o# cvi1en$6 -/# #o&e po-usy "$s- D %p0ne&.$ 0ep.ie. Ter " #=>e# vidieD ( -#er - >d/ &eden pred#e(6 v -(oro# s #i !ud%6 -o su!&e-($vny 3eno#n6 vo svo&e& prirod"ene& 3 r!e osve(0enie. T - so# u> vo0 0 pred#e(y r="neho druhu pred #o&i#i o1 #i. V>dy so# vidieD n vi c 1i #ene& & sn/ 0e!o (# v/6 v51.inou s0 !6 v pods( (e. Do-onc & "n'#e (v're6 -(or so# vide0 doce0 os(r v ce0e& svo&e& >ivos(i s 3 r!ou (v're v0 sy. ; v/s0ed-ov (/ch(o eOperi#en(ov so# (ie(o o!"v0'.D po"oruhodn/P 7F *e& -/ 1 s po v"ni- pos('v "#i"ne 0e!o (r ns3or#ov D do ine&6 !e" (oho !y6 >e !y so# !o0 schopn/ (o#u " !r'niD. GF A- &e 3 r! nie &e in(e<ru&%ce s%1 sDou o!&e-(u6 ( ->e #'# is( nie &e v>dy %p0ne v #o&e& #oci. Tv'r6 n pr$-0 d6 ni-dy #odr'6 0e v>dy s #i "d' vo svo&e& prirod"ene& 3 r!e6 -on(r s(u6 #ies(o po#yse0nho 1erven/# h ndrou #=>e (ie> o!& viD #odr' &edin/ 1 sK -edy ur1i(' 3 r! Produ"ierun< &e ove2 D >.ie6 ne> n -on-r(ny (v r6 prv/ #i e.(e pod ri0o v #o&ich prv/ch po-usov6 pre(o>e #'# -one1ne pod ri0o. A- chce(e "o!r "iD MF Pure )o0or !e" o!&e-(ov6 uspe0 so# &edno(0iv 1 sy6 oni po(o# n p0ni0 ce0/ "orn po0e. ZF Pred#e(y6 -(or nie s% "n'#e s #i6 >e &e o!y1 &n o!r'"-y 3 n('"ie6 so# s 1 s(o nevid$6 n #ies(o (oho s #i "d &% rovn - "n'#ych o!&e-(ov rovn -ho druhuK ( - so# chce0 vidieD6 n pr$-0 d6 r " #e1 ru-ov5D #os d"e s #os d"n/# -o.o#6 0e prip d 0o #i vi c spo0o1n o!r " R ppier-or!es. RF V51.in " (/ch(o su!&e-($vnych pr$"n -ov6 n &#5 - !o0i & sn6 #=>u6 - s% o1i r/ch0o o(vori0 po1 s o!do!i s(r'venho 3eno#n6 "vy.-ov/ sp5DK ( - so# si #ys0e06 n pr$-0 d6 s(rie!orn/ s(r#ene6 po(o#6 1o so# u> d0ho pov >ov n' " rovn -/ 1 s6 o(vori0 so# o1i uvide0 rovn -/ d0h (# v o!r "ov% s(opu.
* &0ep.ie6 1o so# ro!iD (es(y n po-o&ne& po0ohe n chr!(e so " vre(/#i o1 #iK Din ne#us$ !yD o-o0o se! 6 pre(o>e (o !y s " !r'ni0o6 >e in(u$ci s "v/.i n po(re!n% in(en"i(u. A& uspieD (es(y (er " ( - 2 h-6 >e so# pre-v pen/6 >e nie s% rovn - pre #U -o prv/6 s pod ri0o6 (o #ys0$#6 >e (o #us$ - >d/ (ie> #o>n. H0 vn' vec &e6 >e #=>e(e in(u$ciu !yD dos( (o1ne in(en"$vny6 ce" eO-0u"$vne s#eru po"ornos(i n rovn -e&6 ods(r'nenie - >dho n ru.eni . X Cito&an' t'ka*i &i/,2*ne &n0manie. Meyer tie. na a* pok,sy na &'rob, s*,c(, -,c(, c(,+ pocity skr/e moc po/ornosti, -o & si*e a c(arakter, by sa ro&na*a /myse*n. To sa m, to podari*o, a ke_ nie t,, a*e pra&depodobne s pocitmi na ko.,, ktor7 inform, e ma nas*edo&n\ "%a ko.i sa m, podar0 pre m=a )a(k, na ktorom mieste som sa, s,b ekt0&ne pocity, ,byto&a+ sa &8ak, preto.e e n,tn /dU(a& kon&er/2cie int,0cie, m5.em prinies+ *en tie pocity, ktor &ydr.ia po d*(7 dob,, ako e tep*o, c(*ad, t*ak.: r'c(*y do-asn', &8ak, ako / piercinD, re/y, otrasy at_ %em5.em sp5sobi+, preto.e som sa to nepodar0, /odpo&eda 7ce n2/ory s7 e6 abr,pto & spr2&ne inten/ite preb,di+. #'&a*' city, m5.em ce*kom dobre na akko)&ek ko.e &/r,8o&a+, a m5., by+ tak .i&, .e som, sa mi to p2-i, a*ebo nie, sa m,s0 r,-ne (instreic(en na mieste ko.e, ako e ob&yk*e, ako to ,robi+ & pr0pade miestne(o Ia,tempf*nd,nDen. " T'mto sp5sobom, a*e a si*n2 bo*es+ m5.e by+ tie. Denero&an &e)mi .i&7 predsta&i&os+ sta*a, /a pria/ni&'c( oko*nost0, .e (o&or0 nas*ed, 7ce, takisto o/n2mi*i Meyer pr0pade\ "1/de*an' m,. / obc(odn(o st2nk, mi po&eda* (Meyer) ra/, .e on bo* eden de= prek&apene na e(o n2&rate / edn(o /o s&o ic( ma*'c( det0 t'm, .e ro&nak2 ma* eden prst med/i d&erami &y*iso&an *en na e(o &c(ode, & okami(,, teror, ma* ,c0ti* ostr7 bo*es+ na /odpo&eda 7com mieste & ro&nakom prsta s&o (o &*astn(o te*a a bo*est0 sa T dni (o op,sti+. " ; (o6 >e so# s o!r'(iD n nie-(or v.eo!ecn po"n'#-y. +o("e QF uv'd" 3 r!y n'p dy produ-ov ne& p #5(i %p0ne !e"3 re!n/6 & 6 -o !ie0e Vo0-# nn6 -(or s "d &% n<e<e!ener# Aen s-oro ( -K A0e nie0en6 >e in oso!y6 -(or/ch %d &e so# 0en .peci'0ne o"n'#en6 0e "T 0e- ve2-' v51.in " #noh/ch 2ud$6 -(or so# o!1 s spochy!Uov n' -v=0i (e&(o oso!i(ne& o-o0nos(i6 pois(enho s n &v51.ou is(o(ou6 3 r!y o!&e-(ov "& vne e.(e si p #5( 0 reprodu-ciu #=>e. *ie-(or$ opisov 0i >ivosD 3 rie! svo&ich #en('0nych o!r "ov6 -o &e d%h 6 -ve(y6 pres0nen o!0 s(i6 (o & s >iv/#i 3 r! #i nechce0 veriD6 >e (o ( - nie &e cnosD reprodu-ov D v p #5(i v=!ec. zno #'(e v/1i(-y # op -ov ne n >ivo6 >e so# -v p-u svo&e& 3 r!y s -%"0u h0 vnho p #5(i . r#u6 -(or' i# pos-y(u&e.
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Ve2#i pr vdepodo!ne "'vis$ n v51.iu 0e!o #en.iu schopnosD <enerov D v/"n #n p #5(i o!r "y6 " &edne& s(r ny n "#eny6 -(or prinies0 inves($cie6 pr'cu6 >ivo(n pod#ien-y ne"vy-0i spo0o1ne " #er D svo&u po"ornosD vi c n von- &.$ sve(6 0e!o !s(r -(n neho6 spoU (o p0 ($ ve2#i n'p dn v +o("e SF 6 @hi(e & n . Odo #U 6 #us$# pri"n D6 >e so# v51.inou 0en "v0'.D v"ru.u&% # 6 0e!o #us$ !yD
podporov n vidieD po1uD6 1o s de&e o-o0o #U 6 nie-edy nepo"n 0i !e"pe1i po prech'd"- ch6 -(or " dvoch ve2#i od0i.n/ch odve(v$ V"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e so# pre1. H n-e06 v. -6 #' ( - o#noho >iv.ie #en('0ne preds( vy -o & 6 "vy-nu($ n os(r uchopiD von- &.ie o!&e-(y v o-u6 (o & v pr$p de6 >e &e ve2#i " nepr'"dnen/ po1 s svo&ich predn'.o- s &eho pred#e(u6 ch/! #u ni1 v &eho pos0uch'1ov -ruhoch. Bush6 v -(oro#6 pod so# ro"hovory s 2uT#i p #5( D "'!ery odh 0$ n &si0ne&.$ pr$s(up - psychic-/ch & vov6 s'# hovor$6 >e (endenci pov >ov D pr vdiv & sn pre prehr'v nie n svo&ich ces('ch o!&e-(y #oh0o !yD6 -o s "d'6 ni v #0'de> >iv6 0e Pr$T .(%die " pr Oe6 #oh0 o!novov D p #5D pre eO(ern o!&e-(y "nov . Tie> do!re s%h0 s$ s (/#6 >e >eny6 -(or/ch po"ornosD #i#o sve( 1e0$ ove2 vi c n ce0o-6 -o u #u>ov6 (o2-o so# s &e& (ie> op/( 06 #o>no 2 h-o vy(v'r D & sn 3 re!n o!r "y p #5(i. A0e n p$.(e #i Vo0-# nn6 -(or/ #i ne"d' !e" " u&$# vos(i6 >e v p #5(i o!r "y &eho # n>e0-y "'#erne vyr'! n s% ve2#i ne& sn !0ed'6 -o pr$du nie-edy s ( -#er pre-v pu&%ce >ivosDou pred du.u6 -o o!r " v"di 0ene& dcry6 pri(o# >eny pr cu&% v n &vy..iu & snosD (v ru 3 r!y.
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?ed"i(/#6 s-0on pre#/.2 D o von- &.ie veci6 #=>e !yD "ru.en'6 1i s(o1ne pod#ienen/ 2 h-o reprodu-ov D in(erneK nesporn6 ne#o>no v.e(-o dor "$ n d p('ciu6 0e #us$ (ie> vroden ro"die0y v produ-(ivi(e v (e&(o o!0 s(i pre!ieh &%. T -#er #inie "odpoved &%ce s0 !osD p #5(i sn$#o- pri Vo0-# nn "'0e>$6 0e !e" "odpoved &%ce& &ednos(r nn% !s(r -ciu od o-o0i(ho sve( 6 -eT u> si #ys0i 6 >e v/r " vn%(ri p nu&e (ie> v Uo#K ne!o0o !y #o>n o1 -'v D (o2-o >iv.ie #en('0ne o!r "y6 & -eT sporn e.(e #ene& " von- &.ieho sve( !s(r hov D6 -o &e (o#u so #nou ! ne podo!n pro3esie v Dro!isch. Pr$-0 d H n-e0 &e Bush &e6 -o u- "u&% pr$-0 dy6 -(or vedie C. ?Y00er Iph n(. GS ZR 8GF " Grui(huisen o os( (n po6 #i#ochodo# Vy"/v # v's6 !y vy.e(ri0 6 1i nie &e u de($6 -o s% >eny6 s% prednos(ne 1e0$ von- &.$ sve(6 o!r "y p #5D preds( vivosD -edy s% v prie#ere >iv.ie6 ne> u dospe0/chK 0en (o !ude "vy1 &ne D >- uro!iD spo2 h0iv porovn nie p #5Dou se! "$s- D spo2 h0iv in3or#'cie od de($. Ro"die06 1i #en('0ne o!r "y s% vi c 2 h-o "$s- D v o1i ch o(voren/ch 0e!o u" vre(/ch6 !y # 0 "'visieD & v/r "ne od0i.n od schopnos(i !s(r -(nho po"ornosD od von- &.ieho sve( . ade &e (o D >- ri diD6 pre(o>e von- &.ie veci !ud% # D v>dy ru.iv/ %1ino-K -de &e #o>n 2 h-o L (o #=>e spr'v D in -6 do-onc v rovn -/ch individu'0nych o-o0nos($ L -o v.eo!ecn !udenie po#ocou sve(0 0e!o #o>no "vy-o#6 >e s#e s('0e vidieD veci i! s o(voren/#i o1 #i6 vy"er &% s-=r "v/hodUu&e nev/hodn. keny vo v.eo!ecnos(i s "d' &ednoduch.ie vyr'! D so " vre(/#i o1 #i o(voren/#i -o p #5Dov o!r "ovK spoU o"n'#i0i6 >e s% (ri T 0.ie6 -(or so# s ro"hovory o o-re# #o&e& # n>e0-y6 s #o"re&#e. vyr'! i! pr$0e>i(os(n po"orov ni 6 v rovn -o# "#ys0e6 Pro3 Ed. @e!er n .ie06 v. -6 -o H n-e0 & 6 2 h.ie vy(v'r D o!r "y " p #5(e v o(vorene& " (voren o1i. R="ne spr'v nie r="nych 2ud$ v (e&(o )OVERS pripo#enu06 >e & -eT nie-(or$ 2udi pos( vi0i n v0 s(n h 0ucin'cie &ednoduch.ie ne> s o(voren/#i o1 #i " (voren6 " (i 2 1o op - &e pr vdou6 v in/ch IviT ni>.ieF.
A- chce(e v51.$ 1i #en.$ &ednoduchosD (vor!y duchov6 &ednoduchosD v/ro!y p #5Dov/ch o!r "ov s "d' &ednoducho nes%vis$. Dro!isch & 6 n pr$-0 d6 o! & vy"er &% ve2#i &ednoduch p o!r "ov6 0e v. - spo#ien-y s% >iv o!r'"-y s n$#6 s% so #nou ve2#i s0 !'6 -o s(e spo"n 0i n "!y(-ov/ o * chd uer prev >ne "'vis0 prve& po"i($vne& 3'"e6 (/# os0 !ov D h0 vne "'vis0 n druhe& ro"0i.ov D ne< ($vne 3'"y6 (o !ude vy> dov D 0en e.(e !0i>.ie s-%# nie6 - &e po(re!n r="ne oso!y s 0$.i 6 po-i 2 ide o po#er dvoch 3'"6 po -(ore& s s-%# D v"D h p #5Dov/ch o!r "ov poLo!r "y v o!och 3'" ch6 (o n &#5 pred#e( !y !o0. O('"- 6 -o o!r "y spr'v nie p #5(e po1 s pohy!ov h0 vy o1$6 vy"er' odpoved D 0en s oh2 do# n oso!i(n o-o0nos(i ich v/ro!y pre"er nie. Po-i 2 s pevn' scn v pohy!e6 0e (ie> s "d'6 Busch in3or# 1n #o&e& >eny6 -o s #i "d'6 se! 6 !y s u!e"pe1i06 Av. -6 - nechce(e %#yse0ne " v'd" pevn6 s "d'6 pre(o>e &eden &e prirod"ene n -0onen/6 ne> pre#/.2 D o nich6 (o & s u#ies(nen$# h0 vy o1$6 0e ne"#eni0 svo& pos(o& vo ves#$re pre n's6 -o s n &v51.ou pr vdepodo!nosDou vidieD " in3or#'ci$ Dro!isch &e. Xe potrebn ma+ so spr2&an0m nedobro&o)n'c( (a*,cin2cie. X. Mg**er [) (o&or0 nedobro&o)ne &/nikn,t pred span0m a inak na konci o-n'c( (a*,cin2ci0, ktor s7 podrobne 8ie op0san ni.8ie\ "Tie. som nikdy nebo* sc(opn' so /a&ret'mi o-ami pr0-ina sa po(ybo&a*i s o-ami ako os*nenie obr2/ko& . " >d&i(ne (str. T[), ic( ro/die* & te to s7&is*osti / os*nenia obra/o& (t retencia obra/, po inten/0&nom s&et*om do em), ani &'s*o&ne ,&ied*a s*o&ami\ ">me=te os*=, 7ci obra/y s po(ybom o-0 ic( re*at0&ne priestoro&' &/+a( k n28m, &*astnm, te*, a 7.asn obr2/ky ,dr.ia&a+ &5bec po(yb, /a&ret'mi o-ami stabi*n' bod & pomere k na8e &*astne priestor & pr0pade, .e sa nepo(yb, 7 &n7torn'c( d5&odo& s&o (o miesta. "
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V.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e p #5D s "d'6 >e &e ( #6 -de &e s0 !/ 0e!o si0n/ v o!0 s(i vi"u'0ne& s0ov "#ys0e6 spr'v D s pod2 (oho v ino# "#ys0e sp=so!y ( ->eK spoU & so# e.(e nen .ie0 >i dnu v/ni#-u v (o#(o s#ereK 0e ( # !ude pr vdepodo!ne ( -/K &eho #eno s( D s u#e0co# v r="nych pred#e(och v=!ec ( -'6 -(or' s #' " o!er D ur1i(% &ednos(r nnosD s o!&e-(#i6 -(or/ch n'"or p (r$ do .peci'0nych "#ys0ov/ch o!0 s($6 ro"hovorK (o6 1o so# do(er " nevyu>i0 pr$0e>i(os(i. ?i#ochodo#6 & so# T 0.ie "#ys0ov do#ny do %v hy i! n'hodne 0en ( - #i#ochodo#K (o !y #use0 !yD vy.e(rov n/6 n pr$-0 d vo v"D hu - s0uchov vn$# nie i! n &#5 v pr$p de6 do!r% p #5D6 n pr$-0 d pre "vu- h0 sov n's(ro&ov &e v>dy (o(o>n' s (/#i6 -(or n ihris-u #e0Edie. Dis(en"i po"ornos(i n co0nici r="nych "#ys0ov/ch or<'nov6 s #i "d'6 >e &e 0en sv 0 poci(6 n s( ven$# s%visi ce s r="ny#i "#ys0ovo sv 0y po#ocou "#ys0ov nedo!rovo2ne druho# re30eOu s v 1innos(i. Ceden po(o# #=>e po>i d D -on(r -ciu sv 0ov6 -(or dis(en"i po"ornos(i pri n #'h ve& uv >ov ni !y # 0o !yD prepo&enb Tu s% #o&e O #ne c$(i ve2#i ro"hodne in3or#'cieK ;d' s #i ro"hodne nep'1i poci( n p5(i vo vn%(ri 0e!-y6 0e n p5(ie po-o>-y h0 vy s po-0eso# ich
ch=d"u "von-u dovn%(r T0 1$ n ce0% 0e!-u6 nesporne <enerov n -on(r -cie sv 0ov n h0 ve6 -(or' h r#oni"u&e ve2#i do!re s v/r "o#6 s( r D6 predvo0 D h0 vu. V s-or.e& p (o0o<ic-ho s( vu6 -edy so# ne#oho0 (o0erov D se!e#en.$ (rv 0/ #y.0ien-u s('0e >i dn (eEri !y #oh0 prin%(iD6 !y so# c$(i0 so sv 0ov/#i poci(y v/r "ne s vo v0 s (e& 1 s(i h0 vy6 n &#5 n " dne& 1 s(i h0 vy6 pri - >do# po-use re30eOie #or!$dne ch r -(er. Rovn -o -o & 6 poci( rededic (ion (ie> Busch6 #o&u >enu6 & RUTE nie-(or T 0.ie6 -(or so# p/( 0i6 -on(r -(n/K Av. -6 Dro!isch H n-e0 eOp n"$vn . Ten(o ro"die0 &e po"oruhodn6 # 0 !y !yD n vy.e(renie &e& v/hody !0i>.ie. V nie-(or/ch v.eo!ecne&.$ch %v h so# $sD v !odoch eF6 (er " p$.e# n r="ne & vy6 -(or preds( vu&% ur1i( #iery prechodn v5"!y #ed"i poLo!r "y p #5Dov/ch o!r "ov od !0$>i ce s " ur1i(e& s(r ny 0e!o pre o-o0nos(i &edn/# 0e!o vi cer/#i in/#i. b; Er nn!r6n-sna%hb ,3!r. S oh2 do# n p #5Dov/ch & vov so# d=-0 dne vyp/( 0 3or#e v/ro!y6 rovn -o ro"(r>i(/6 po -(oro# oni s% (ie> ($6 -(or$6 rovn -o -o Vo0-# nn & so# rovn -/ in - schopn produ-ov D 0en ve2#i s0 !o " s(%pen'6 s po#erne v/r "n/#i (v r#i 3 r!yK 3or# v/ro!y6 -(or' &e 0en (o6 >e &eden vy(v'r p #5Dov/ o!r " ihneT po o- #>i( pre"er nie o!&e-(u.eudi 6 s #o"re&#e6 >e ve2#i 2 h-o vy(v'r D o!r "y p #5(i6 nevid$# >i dny "v0'.(ny v/hodu (oh(o 1ers(v/ch produ-(ov rovn -/# sp=so!o#K pre(o>e Dro!isch -o #o& >en vysve(0i06 >e oni !y rovn -o &ednoducho & sne6 -o s0edov D -r'(-e 1ers(v/ch produ-(ov6 -(or s% "n'#e #en('0ne o!r "y nepredv$d n/ch o!&e-(ov6 spoU nie v -r'(-e&K Av. -6 so #nou -o s Vo0-# nn &e v/hod 1ers(vho v/h2 du ve2#i & sn pr vdepodo!ne rovn -o -o s nie-/#6 -(o produ-u&e D >- vy# " D p #5D sn$#o-. Tie> H n-e0 ro"po"n 0 v/hodu 1ers(v/ch produ-(ov6 "d' s #i6 nie &e !e" " u&$# vos(i6 n s(r ne podivn o-o0nos(i (o(o vy<enerov n' "'-on p #5(i o!r "y6 -(or !ude# vo0 D " d=vodu s(ru1nos(i Erinnerun<sn ch!i0der poved D nie1o vi c. D'v # i# (o(o #eno6 pre(o>e oni s% s rovn D de(e-u&e p o!r "ov ihneT po vn$# nie o!&e-(ov pris(upov D - ni# v & snos(i6 do-onc u nie-(or/ch &edincov IRu(eF ;d' s 6 >e s "hodu&e s ( -ou6 " (i 2 1o &u6 -o s n #U 6 Vo0-# nn X H n-e0 ich " s(upu&%6 nes% v.e(-y pods( (n "n -y p #5Dov/ch o!r "ov. C si Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d -eT ne& -/ o!&e-(6 sve(0 0e!o (# v6 3 re!n6 0e!o nie6 v s%1 sne& do!e os(r/ poh2 d6 po(o# ihneT " (vor(e o1i 0e!o \e<\ende6 -(or ('(o so# (u n'&de(e v/hodne&.ie -o prv/6 "r "u6 n &0ep.ie pri s('0e " (v'r nie o1$ 0e!o @e<\endens6 p #5D 1innosD odohr'v &%ci s v in - o!vy-0/# sp=so!o# v prev'd"-e. Po(o# so# viT o!r'"o- n o- #ih %p0ne & sne s -res!ou do-onc & 3 r!u o!&e-(u &e "o!r "en6 -o so# schopn/ s ni-dy dos( D veci6 -(or so# vide0 pred ne& -ou do!ouK i! "h sne &eho odhod0 nie 3 rie! ve2#i r/ch0o ro!$ o!y1 &n% v'<nos( #ies(o. Ce nesporn6 !ude(e # D (endenciu od " 1i (-u6 pros(e ni16 0e o!y1 &n vidieD (u !y * chd uer "'vis0 vne#u6 do-onc so# s ! vi0 po prv/ povrchn/ S-%s(e (en(o n'"or. A0e s% ( # .(yri o-o0nos(i6 -(or s #i -o Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d rovn -/#
.(r &-u&%ci sp=so!o# od0i.n/#6 0en s0 !.ie6 s-u(o1n "'!ery " p #5(i6 -o so# "vy1 &ne "$s- D " u> vidieD o!&e-(y n rovn -% %roveU6 o!y1 &n/ch "vy.-ov/ o!r ". 7F ;vy.-ov/ o!r "6 #o>no s(e s#erov D po"ornosD - (#e6 0e!o nie Iporov. - p. M8.F. A- chce(e "$s- D druh% ru-u6 Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d6 #us$# !yD ( -(ie> "$s- n' -o !e>n p #5Dov o!r'"-u6 po"ornosD u> pred(/# " #eri v n d n% pro!0e# (i-u. Os(re&.ie A& ;u<spi("e po"ornosD - pred#e(u pri pre"er n$6 schopne&.$6 !y # nes-=r s o!& v$ n Erinnerun<sn ch!i0dK Pre(o so# schopn/ s dos( D & sn% Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d n ce0e& p0oche n r "6 0e 0en v o!#ed"ene& #iere o!&e-(ov6 -o &e 10ove-6 -ve(iny6 -(or ne#=>e# reprodu-ov D pros(redi o!&e-(u v Erinnerun<sn ch!i0de -eT nie pri poh2 de n po"ornosD !e"pros(redn o-o0ie s% ro".$renK v"h2 do# - (o#u6 pre"en(u&e v s-u(o1ne& eOis(u&% v re 0i(e pros(red$ nedo!rovo2ne s o!&e-(o#6 #o>no s(e pov >ov n' s rovn -ou po"ornosDou6 0e!o nie. GF A- s v !e>ne& denne& osve(0enie po"ornos(i so " vre(/#i o1 #i n 1ierno# "orno# po0i6 0e!o o(voren/ o!&e-($vneho d=vodu6 ri di o- #>i(e& s0edov nie o!&e-(u predo #nou6 (o6 1o vid$#6 -o 0en vn$# v - "'"n #u chce6 - s% pod#ien-y pod2 -(orho #oho06 !y so# 3(eri# <e s o!& v$6 ( ->e so# ni1 nevide06 #us$# s-=r ( -6 >e s o!& v$ Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d6 ce0-o# -o odvr'(iD po"ornosD od von- &.$ch "#ys0ov o!r " in(erne chce(e vyvo0 D -($vnu6 pre(o>e -eT chce# vyvo0 D o!y1 &n/ p #5(i o!r ". Tie>6 (o so# vidieD & sne&.ie6 1$# vi c s sn >$# p #5(i -(ivi(y v in - o!vy-0/# sp=so!o#. *evdo& - so# s pre(i hnuD6 " (i 2 1o n h0 ve6 -o so# r d.e& ro!iD in - usi0ovne& ro-ov n$ Ipo"ri vy..ieF. ?=>e# (ie>6 po-i 2 Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d vypr. 0 6 0e!o s s( 0 & sn6 1o s s( ne r/ch0o !e#er-(er# Aen6 rovn -o 1 s(o op -ov 06 & -eT s -0es &%cou & snos(i6 o>iviD6 -eT so# v>dy od$sD 1os-oro s s #i -0es' p #5D 1innosD nov' %si0ie. MF A& -eT & -(u'0ne 3(eri# <e > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 & sne&.$#i in(en"$vne&.ie o!& vi 6 d0h.$ -on(inu'0ne so# opr vi0 10'no-6 so# si v Erinnerun<sn ch!i0dern n podiv6 pr've n op -. ;d' s 6 >e #i n && sne&.ie6 -eT so# 0en hodi0 r/ch0y6 0e po"orn/ -o #o>n/ch poh2 dov n pr$s0u.n/ neho o!&e-(e ;d' s #i6 -o !y s o(upi n d0h.iu "v'>enie odvo0 nie - ru-'#6 -(or' &e nevyhnu(n' n vy(vorenie Erinnerun<sn ch!i0des 6 " (i 2 1o n &-r (.i n &1ers(ve&.ie -(y. S (/#6 >e #=>e s%visieD6 >e -eT so# !o0 Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d n pr. od 10ove- 6 -(or/ -o(0e(y drev 0e!o r/ch0o vorschrei(e(6 in.piru&%c 6 I( - !y -o soch'r 2ud$F6 " (i 2 1o v pos(o&i # v pohy!e6 0e nie &e n o" & do&e#n6 pod2 o- #ihu n &!ys(re&.$ch po"ornos(i s "d' ro"hodu&%ce pre v"h2 d o!r "u. A0e ('(o s-%senosD nie &e %p0ne &edno"n 1n6 pre(o>e poh2 d n (%(o (#u #us$ !yD -r'(-e so #nou v=!ec6 so# # 0 dos( D Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d & sn6 v -e& -r'(- do! nie &e ve2-/ pohy! #=>e !yD vy-on'v p0n% & snosD o!r "u ni -on D. Kb-as e mo.n si ,&edomi+, .e a ke_ sa disk / T(a,matrops, na edne strane, napr0k*ad, &t2k, na dr,(e strane k*ietky e natret', prostredn0ct&om ot2-a+ med/i prstami 96enfadens r'c(*o ot2-a oko*o s&o (o priemer,, k*ietky a &t2ko& t, oko s7 post,pne pre/ento&an &o &8etk'c( mo.n'c( /n0.en0, a*e, a*e &t2k sa /d2, sedie+ & k*ietkac(, ako by sa prebera* / nekone-n(o po-t, a&o& *en eden (ktor' sa ob a&0 skr2ten' & ce*om mo om niektor'c() &'(oda. To &8ak /2&is0 t, pra&depodobne /2&is0
na tom, /men0 &/()ad na poma*80 & po(ybe do po*o(y, & ktore e *7- ko*mo k po&rc(, disk,. ZF p o!r "y6 >e so# si " (oho6 sve(ie0-u&%cich o!&e-(ov v !e>no# denno# osve(0en$ 3 re!n/# o!&e-(o# so# opr viD ne& -/ 1 s6 n pr$-0 d6 po(o# o(o1(e poh2 d n !ie0o# pod-0 de6 0e!o -o vorschie!e6 pos-y(n%D #i nie &e o!&e-( v &eho v0 s(n6 0e dop0n-ov' 3 r! s "o!r "$ pod2 * chd uer pri#'rne& do&e# &e pr$0i. -r'(-y n (o !yD si v.i#o06 v. -6 v>dy odr'> D Erinnerun<sn ch!i0der o!&e-( do svo&e& 3 r!y !e" dop0n-ov %pr vy. Po do1 sn/ch ro"die0ov6 0e #us$# si p #5( D #ies(o6 -de Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d sp'& s-u(o1n/ eOis(u&% v s-u(o1nos(i .(r &-u&%ci. A- Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d vidieD s o(voren/#i o1 #i i.ie0 so #nou6 & #'# v %#ys0e vidieD6 >e & n T 0e& v>dy v rovn -o# s#ere I1o pre %spech &e d=0e>i(F6 !e" (oho6 !y v. - op5D "v/.i6 ( ->e ide o #o#en('0ne& dop0no- o1n von-u V s%1 sne& do!e s0 ! o>ivenie6 -o !y so# posi0ni0 "'#erK po-us6 #=>e 1 s(o op -ov D ri do-. ke & "!y(-ov/ (o #' pros(ried-y - o>iveniu6 #'# POGG,. :+,V6 RG8 +EDK v p #5(i o!r "y pred(/# nevide0 o!&e-(y6 0e - ni1o#u s #i o1i pr$p0 (o- ni1 n ich vy#'h nie. ?i#ochodo#6 nie &e (o s(# vnu(ie "ornho po2 o1 #i cenu6 1o sp=so!u&e o>ivenie n Erinnerun<sn ch!i0dernK R/ch0y Au<en u3reiAen 0e!o n'si0ne& !o-o# o('1 nie o1$ ro!$ (o is(6 0e 0en &eden nesporn dovn%(r .$renie eOci('ci 6 -(or' &e d n' pohy!o#. Vo0-# nn6 so# o"n'#iD (ie(o s-%senos(i ce" Erinnerun<sn ch!i0der 9F 6 p$.e #i6 >e "is(i06 >e &e ce0-o# po(vrden'K 0en si v.i#o06 >e n ro"die0 od "'v5"-u pri& (ho n "'-0 de ZF cd &e o o!y1 &n/ I"$s- n/ d0h.i 3iO'ciouF "os( (-ov/6 (ie po1i (o1n6 o!& vi0 s pred prechodo# n dop0n-ov% 3 r!u6 ( -is(o v "'-0 dne& 3 r!e6 v s-u(o1nos(i (o #=>e 0$.iD v "'vis0os(i n individu 0i( !yD r="ne.
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; nor#'0nych o-o0nos($6 & so# pos-y(o0 o- #>i(/ s0edov nie o!&e-(u n<e<e!ener# Aen !so0%(ne >i dnu o!r "ov% s(opu6 (& "n (e2nou !e" "v0'.(neho n p5(i p #5($ 1innos(i o!r "u. V n s0edu&%co# (eO(e so# v. - pod r$6 po -r'(-odo!o# poh2 de n 3 r!y * ch3 r!e !e" ( - n p5(ie6 !y poved 0 " chy(iD6 1o &e (ie> h0 vn/# nie s% rovn -6 0e &e 0e - ni# -o#p0e#en('rne. Berie# &ednu duchu 1ierne& s-inny pred &edn/# o-o# rie.iD (o n 3 re!no# "e#i6 ved2 -(or/ch &e !ie0 "'-0 dn' 3 r! . A& " vrieD o!e o1i6 0en n chv$2u6 po(o# o(vor(e o1i6 -o (ru!ice &e ( -'6 >e so# v s%1 sne& do!e sp dne n "e# 3 r!y v o-u o- #>i(e o(o1(e r%r-u n !ie0o# po" d$. Vo ve2-e& ci(0ivos(i6 -(or #'# n su!&e-($vnych & vov6 vid$#6 >e so# s('0e e.(e 0en n o- #ih vide0 o!&e-($vne 3 r!y "'-0 dn6 0e v s%1 sne& do!e n !ie0o# pods( (e * ch3 r!e " (oh(o d=voduK 0e v>dy &e - ni# -o#p0e#en('rne. ?ed"i(/#6 ne#=>e# si po#=cD6 0e upo"ornenie6 0e >e so# ve2#i do!re vn$# &% v"h2 d Th u# (ropes vo 3 r!'ch (oho6 # 2ov 0 o!r "y6 -(or i! cnosD #=>e !yD
&ednoduch.ie * chd uer do&e# pr$p d. A0e o-o0nos(i s% (u in -o n v/ro!u Erinnerun<sn ch!i0des. Dv sn$#-y n predne& " dne& s(r ne dis-u d=&sD6 (h u# (rope v n &r/ch0e&.$ "#en 1 s(o op -ov 0 pred o1 #i6 ( ->e do&#y #=>u s1$( DK v. -6 Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d po#ocou &ednho poh2 du s "$s- . Vo v.e(-/ch so# si6 >e & v"h2 do# n ni>.ie uvedene& eF v.eo!ecn dis-usie dod D6 >e #=& Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d i! n "'-0 de pri #e po-r 1ov nie o!vy-0ho eOis(u&% v re 0i(e pred#e(u6 1innosD sp d' do pre"en('cie o!r "u po0i pre&sD6 -de &e s('0e o p #5Dov -(ivi(y #=>e #i "ovre0K po(o#6 1o vy.0o u> v "orno# po0i6 " (i 2 1o predch'd" &%ci o!r'"o- n o- #ih6 s('0e po-o&n/ v eOperi#en(och s (h u# (rope s n s0edu&%ce poh2 du s #o(nho po2 . A- 'no6 #=>e (o !yD neo1 -'v n6 - rovn -/ & v6 -(or/ s chov' so #nou po &eho h0 vn/ch #o#en(ov -o o!r "u p #5(i6 chov' s s-=r -o vne#u6 -edy os( (n$. T ->e s "d'6 s pro3 RUTE !yD pr$p d6 ve2#i 2 h-o dos(upn n v.e(-/ch "re(e2n/ poLo!r "y6 0e (ie> produ-u&e (rochu o!y1 &n & sn' spo#ien- o!r "6 " in3or#'ci$6 -(or -u #ne6 so# pochopi0 n s0edovnP - #' o!&e-( i! v s%1 snos(i p0'nu&e6 "d' s 6 >e #u & v s%1 sne& do!e n &vi c rovn - & sne vo svo&e& p=vodne& 3 r!e (v ru r/ch0o uh sen/K 0e (o nepo(re!u&e do!rovo2n %si0ie po"ornosD ne&K 0e6 -eT " vrie o1i 0e!o odvr'(iD o1i6 n o!r "ov% s(opu n Uo#6 1i !ude 0e!o ne!ude "o!r "ov D6 &e "'ni- po"i($vne n ne< ($vny6 1o nesie v.e(-y "n -y !e>n poLo!r "y. *'&de (o 0en6 -o &e s( noven6 -o so# si #o& 1 sD ur1u&e po(re!n6 n &#5 v in - o!vy-0/# sp=so!o# vy!r D p #5Dov% -(ivi(u po#=cD vidieD Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d. He0#ho0(" 3or# v/ro!y6 (e#per #en(n/ po"i($vny "vy.-ov/ 7NF pros(redn$c(vo# #o#en('0ne& in(u$cie o!&e-(u6 po predch'd" &%co# o1i !o0i ro".$ren o!do!ie u" vre( n #U >i dne "odpoved &%ce ponu-y v0 s(ne& s-%senos(i6 pod2 He0#ho0(" [s n'"oru6 & v6 !e" oso!i(nho %si0i p #5Dove& -(ivi(y. To &e ce" (ie(o ro"die0y6 0e "d' s #i6 n Erinnerun<sn ch!i0d vyhr D .peci'0ny "'u&e#covi (/#(o &e o!"v0'.D vidi(e2n6 -o rovn -/ & v v "'vis0os(i n &edno(0ivc o-o0nos(i #ed"i ch r -(ero# p #5(iLi# <e pre(rv'v &%ce vne# #=>e -o0$s D. Spr'v o MZ. " s dnu($P Vers ##0. *e#ec-/ pr$rodovedec v a r0sruhe. S. GGR Jo predc(2d/a 7ce &ec ,. bo*a 7p*ne odp0san2, bo* som si &edom', *en miesto & J,rky=o&'c( & #eitr na s,b ekt0&ne Jo/ri q 1MM, ktor' doka/, e, .e s podobn'mi /nakmi, ako som ,. ,&iedo* sk5r Hrinner,nDsnac(bi*der: pod)a nic(, a*e /a oby-a n meno /&y8ko&' /o /2&is*e %ac(da,er /mys*o&' do em os*nenia obra/y (ktor som /a(rn,t pod obr2/kami) naproti. 1/()adom k tom,, e(o pr0ka/y s7 pot&rden &y88ie proti7-et r,ky, dop*n0 -as+, nec(a* som ic( dos*o&a t, nas*edo&n\ "nasto som prem'8)a*, .e #*in/en o-i &idia neob+a.o&a*, ako som si predsta&o&a*, .e po-as Ao&nak2 sit,2cia by nasta*a 7p*n2 tma >isti* som, &8ak. Jri b*i.8om po/oro&an0, .e po*e ot&oren(o oka so &8etk'mi s&o imi s&et*ami a obr2/ko& som /osta+ na kr2tk, dob, pred /mys*y po o-n'c( &ie-ok bo*i ,/a&ret. po/orne 8ie som ednod,c(', nie pr0*i8 ro/sia(*y, /atkn7+ obra/, .. ,. som si to na &*astn o-i pred s*o&a /mys*e ,/a&ret dr.a+ to po obra/, e ro/*08i+ presne / os*=, 7ci obra/ &nem, sa kon2 iba
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X7F pohy!u &e (re! pov >ov D & n T 0e& rovno#erne v rovn -o# s#ere. GF ?us$ n ce0o- po#erne r/ch0o6 0e nes#ie !yD ( - r/ch0y6 >e &e (o ne#o>n/ pre o-o ro"0$.iD r="ne &edno(0iv pohy!0iv !odyK L Bo s #o"re&#e "'vis$ nie n !so0%(ne6 0e i! uh0ovou r/ch0osDou v"h2 do# - po0ohe o- 6 vr'( ne n &#5 ods(r'nen$ druhe& s pohy!u&e o!&e-(. MF Ce po(re!n do!r% chv$2u L is(e %p0ne od0i.n6 (& v prie#ere si #in%(u6 v.eo!ecne > ( -#er - %n ve o- I1o (rv ni in/#i o1 #iF s% pov >ov n " . ZF o-o po(o# #us$6 -o pri n's0edne& 3iO'cii s( cion'rneho o!r "u & v Ire0 ($vno#F po-o&i6 n &#5 ne#=>e !yD .o-ov n/ n'hodn nepr vide0n pohy!y (e0 0e!o h0 vy. RF (ich/ 3iOov n o!&e-( ro"0i1ne #odi3i-ov n/ "#enou 3 r!y 0e!o " (ienenie &eho 1 s($ povrchu pr$(o#n/. QF A-o pri poh2 de n pohy!u&%ce s -o s( cion'rne o!r "6 o-o #us$ vy(rv 0o s( noviD ur1i(/ !od6 ( - n &#5 nes#ie !yD v po-u.en$ n s0edov D v prvo# pr$p de &e pohy! vi c 1i #ene&6 0e!o o!rys pohy!0ivho o!r "u po chr!(e T 0e& pu(ov D. X
O se-undu6 -(or # &% !yD vypr cov n po ( - pov >ov n/6 pr$p d &e s('0e e.(e ch/! %p0ne n .(%di'ch. cp0ne n'hodne so# (0 1i0 -%so- !ie0eho p pier n 1ierne& "e#i n " #r"nu(e& o-o ( # sp5D op -ov neK 0e !e" oh2 du n (o so# s ve2#i 2 h-o "vy.-ov/ & vy "#ys0ovho p #5(i #'6 0e & #'# >i dny v/s0edo-K s "d 0o6 >e ni1. A-o # 0/ so# s #oho0 pros(redn$c(vo# s(ro!os-opic-/#i dis-ov dos( D v/s0edo-. EOperi#en(y6 0e !y d0h% do!u s si0n/#i pendu0ierenden sve(e0n/ch do&#ov po(re!n/ch "#ien6 -de si #=>e dos( D v/s0edo- !y6 " - "u&e #i s( v #o&ich o1i ch6 pre(o>e (ie(o s-%.-y ne#o>no in -6 ne> ve2#i %n vn. 3; N!3obrovo<n5 ha,6% n+% ! a ,2) ! :W; . Pod h 0ucin'cie s ro"u#ie vo v.e(-/ch podvodov6 -(or s %p0ne 0e!o ( -#er ch r -(er eO(ern/ch pre!uden/ch "#ys0ov pre o-0 # ny6 !e" (oho !y (o nie1o6 1o &e dispo"$cii6 !y ich eOci('ciu do von- &.e& re 0i(y. Os(r vy#ed"enie rovn -/ "v/.i0 n # Oi#'0nu >ivosD p #5(i preds( vivos(i o!r'"-y n &ednu ru-u6 & vy "#ys0ovho p #5(i nie &e n druhe& s(r ne &e #o>n vyvodiDK 0e #noho h 0ucin'cie nie s% pred#e(o# svo&vo2nho v/ro!y -o 3 n('"i o!r'"-y 2u!ovo2n s(i hnu(/ch o!r'"-ov " p #5(e6 #noh$ nie o(roc-y -op$rov D predch'd" &%c predch'd" &%c his(Eri "#ys0ov & vy6 -o s% & vy "#ys0ovho p #5(i. ; nich " (i 2 nie &e 0ie1en/ 3or#y (ed s v/hodou pod o('"-y 7SF . Pod i0%"ie nie-(or/ch i0%"i$ v.e(-ho druhu ro"u#e06 0e ,n$6 ( -/ -o !y s #oh0o s( D (u6 i0%"ie h 0ucin'cie v ro"s hu6 v -(oro# in'6 ne> oni pochopi0i !0udy pod i0%"i$6 -u -(or#u v. - - u"'0ny o!&e-(y eOis(u&%6 0e -(or s% nespr'vne in(erpre(ov n6 v. -6 (o n h 0ucin'cie von- &.ie - u"'0ny o!&e-(y (oh(o & vu v.eo!ecne ch/! . T - (o &e pr$-0 d i0%"i 6 -. O!&e-(6 -(or/ &e v s-u(o1nos(i6 >e s nespr'vne 3 r!y 0e!o n ru.en/ch 3un-ci$6 vy"er'6 v"h2 do# - (o#u6 h 0ucin'cie6 -eT vid$(e6 o!&e-(6 -(or/ ( # nie &e
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0i(er (%r o h 0ucin'cie i0%"ie &e ve2#i ve2-/6 nie vy1erp D (u. O!s h so# s s nov/#i spisy "n'#e pre #U 6 -(or/ n &0ep.ie !r D s oh2 do# n o0ovo6 -(or so# v. -6 Z6 Q S po"n D > po (i(u0y.?i#ochodo# -on D nie0en v.e(-y pr'ce n du.evn choro!y6 vr'( ne h 0ucin'ci$6 0e & nespo1e(n #no>s(vo po&edn n$ spr'v o &edno(0iv/ch pr$p dochP 7F Hi!!er(6 n r'>- #i n (eErii duchov6 re-0 #n En<0 @ei# re 78GR L GF C. ?Y00er6 n 3 n( s(ic- (v'rov vys(%penie. . ao!0en" 78GQ L. MF H <en6 o h 0ucin'cie. 78MS L. ZF Griesin<er6 p (o0E<ie 0ie1! du.evn/ch chor=!. S(u((< . 78ZR L. RF ?ore u6 #=>e(e H chisch e( de 0[odcud"eni du.evn. P r$> 78ZR L. QF ?ichey6 vy de0ire des poci(y. P r$> 78ZQ L. SF S" 3-o\s-i6 Recherches sur 0es h 0ucin'cie. ?on(pe00ier 78Z9 L. 8F Brierre Bois de ?on(6 h 0ucin'cie. P r$> 78RG L. 9F +eu!uscher6 o p=vode h 0ucin'cie. Ber0$n 78ZG.
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Bo0o !y >i duce6 !y n ro"die0 od re>i#u p=vodu n v"'&o# (o2-o rovn -/ -oniec6 n'hodne <enerov n 3 n(E#y6 od (/ch v !odoch F vo spo&eni ch s dres p #5(i o!r "y6 nedo!rovo2ne v"ni-nu( 3 n(E#y6 -(or 3o0<ends !ude prero-ov n/ ro"0i.ov D popisn/#i #en #i6 0e ne# &% pri ni !ei3 00en # ce0-o# vhodn.
Cednoduch pr$p dy h 0ucin'ci$ s% is-ry pred o1 #i6 "vonenie v u.i ch6 -o s ( 1 s(o vys-y(u&% v aon<es(iv"us(5nden do(-nu(/#i "#ys0ov/ch or<'novK 0e (ie> n vrhnu(/ & vy6 -o s% 2uds- pos( vy6 #=>e n s( D pre& vy vo v"h2 de h 0ucin'cie. Do (e&(o podpo0o>-y p (ri 3 n('"ie #noh/ch p cien(ov s hor%1-ou .i 0enci6 & vy A0pdrYc-ens6 h 0ucin'cie po u>$v n$ o# #n/ch 0'(o-6 n 3 n(E#y6 -(or ve2 2ud$ pred sp n$#. A0e & v psychic-y "dr v/ch os=!6 v p0ne& pre!uden$6 s o(voren/#i o1 #i6 #=>e nie-edy d=&sD - ve2#i vyvinu( h 0ucin'cie6 n o" & !o0i h0'sen pr$p dy 1$s0o po"oruhodn (oh(o druhu6 &e ve2#i ve2-/. V rovn -e& do!e6 vierohodn6 " u&$# v6 pou1n podro!ne pop$s n pr$p dy (oh(o druhu6 s &eho 3y"io<nE#i "'p s ve2#i #noho T 0.$ch pr$p dov6 po1u0 pr$p d -edysi s0'vneho -n$h-upec spisov (e2 *ico0 i6 s'# v Ber0$ne ?on (sschr. 7S99. ?'& v prvo# "v5"-u &eho Phi0os A!h nd0. Pp. R8 33 pop$s n6 reprodu-ov n Hi!!er( p$s nie6 0e &eho .peci'0ne& ro"#no>ov ni !y pre-ro1iD (u !yD " po&en/ hr nice pr$0i. ve2 . Tie> s #i "d'6 >e pripo&enie - pop$s n/# v !ode F & vy " (/ch(o n'p dn/ch H 00u"in (ions3or#en6 -o (o pre"en(u&e pr$p d *ico0 i[sche -(or nepochy!ne v>dy spo&en' s 3y"ic-ou choro!n/ch s( vov spo&en/ch s do!r/#i "dr vo(n/#i pod#ien- #i (o2-o po(re!n dodr>i v D h 0ucin'cie pred sp n$# 78 F si " s0%>i "v0'.(nu po"ornosD6 po-i 2 #o>no6 !y !o0o #o>n uro!iD6 po-i 2 ide o (o6 1o si #ys0$# o ni1 0ep.$6 ne> reprodu-ov D ( - -r'sn 6 " 0o>en/ n opise in(rospe-ciu C. ?Y00er " &eho pr'ce n Gesich(sph n( s#en pod2 ich n &pods( (ne&.ie.
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S(e !0i>.ie o-re# inho6 #o-r s ;ei(schr. 3 An(hropo0. 78GR S M . 7QQ 336 ove2 d=s0edne&.ie6 !y op$s 0 C. ?Y00er v ro-u s p piero# Xn 3 n( s(ic- (v'rov vys(%penieX 78GQ pp. GN n s0. - si spo#$n # n ne& - A!h nd0 n<en o ? ury B i00 r<er v Ann. ?ED. Psycho0. -(or/ch u#ies(nenie ne#=>e# .peci3i-ov D6 !e"pochy!y vi c-r'( inde
i. MZ XTo &e v"'cne6 >e nevid$# # nnich3 che >iv/ o!r " pred sp n$# so " vre(/#i o1 #i v (#e "ornho po2 od s-ore& #0 dos(i si p #5('# (/ch(o & vov. V>dy so# vede06 >e & od s-u(o1n/ch snov/ch o!r "ov ro"0i.ov D6 pre(o>e so# !o0 1 s(o d0ho pred sp n$# pre#/.2 D o nich. n'so!-y in(rospe-cie us( novi0 # v po"$cii6 n podporu ich v"h2 d6 !y s &e& dr> D .... A- chce# s po"er D n (ie(o s-ve0 3o(-y6 vid$# so " vre(/#i o1 #i6 %p0ne odpo1$v v (#e "ornho po2 6 s poci(o# s(u>enie # Oi#'0ny po-o& v o1n/ch sv 0ov A& ponoriD %p0ne do "#yse0nho po-o& o- 0e!o v (#e "ornho po2 v.e(-/ch #y.0ieno-6 v.e(-y ro"sud-y A& odr "iD6 chce# v do-on 0o# po-o&i. o-o -o ce0/ or< ni"#us " h2 dis- von- &.$ch do&#ov s0edov D 0en (o6 1o s o!& v$ vo (#e o- -o odr " vn%(orn/ch e-o0o<ic-/ch pod#ieno- v in/ch 1 s(i ch. i. MR XTer "6 -eT n " 1i (-u (e#nho "ornho po2 &edno(0iv/ch #ies( sve(0 6 h#0y6 #en$ #en$ 3 r!y &e s('0e !oh ('6 ( ->e s #ies(o (oh(o 1os-oro o!#ed"ene& o!r "y ro"0i1n/ch o!&e-(ov6 n &prv v # (no# 0es-u 1os-oro "re&#. S-u(o1nosD6 >e s% n o" & sve(0 nie-edy s% (ie> 3 r!y6 nie &e poch/! o (o#. #=>e(e pohy!ov D6
o('1 D6 nie-edy v"ni- &% %p0ne n s(r n'ch "ornho po2 s >ivos(i & snos(i o!r "u6 -o in - ni-dy ( - & sne vidieD6 >e n s(r ne "ornho po2 . Se n &#en.o# pohy!e o1i s% pre16 "vy1 &ne (ie> odr "o# " nich pre1 n #ies(e. T # s% 0en "ried- "n'#e pos( vy6 "vy1 &ne podivn pos( vy6 2udi 6 "vier ('6 ni-dy so# nevide0 osve(0ene& #ies(nos(i6 -de so# ne!o0. *ie &e n &#en.$ ro"po"n D s%vis0os(i (/ch(o & vov s (/#6 1o so# " >i0 n deU. so# po (/ch(o & vov 1 s(o " po0 hodiny6 > n -oniec sp0yn% v$"ie sp'n-u. i. MQ X*ie6 s'# v noci6 -edy-o2ve- po1 s dU so# (en(o 3eno#n schopn/. G r ve2 hod$n po-o& 6 T 0e-o od sp'n-u6 so# so " vre(/#i o1 #i s(r'vi0i ich po"orov nie. So# 1 s(o po(re!u&% # s( 1$ prid D6 " vrieD o1i n !s(r -(n "o v.e(-ho6 ( ->e ($(o vy"er &%6 nedo!rovo2ne6 pre(o>e #o& #0 dosD pri (e2s- "n'#e o!r "y. ae!y 0en #ies(o6 ce0-o# (# 6 & so# 0en du.evne %p0ne po-o&ne6 !e" v'.niv n'0 du6 pr've so# ne&edo06 0e!o v"i D in(e0e-(u'0ne pi(ie ( - s#ie#6 0e sp'no- &e ne#ys0ieD n &eho v"h2 du ur1i(e. i. MS XB s(o & sn/ o!r " v (e#no# "orno# po0i6 1 s(o s "d' eviden(n6 pred v/s-y(o# &edno(0iv/ch o!r'"-ov pos(upne s "d &% !yD -/#si vn%(orn/# # (n/ s%#r - (# "ornho po2 . V"'p5($ o!r'"-y .... i. M9 XC s vo v51.ine de3ini($vny 0$.i6 v -(oro# o- #ihy 3 n( s# (u &e & sn d0ho so# ( # sedieD so " vre(/#i o1 #i. V.e(-o6 1o chce# o-0 # D s'# se! do #ys0eni &e ve2#i po&e# pre"en(ov n o!#ed"eni v (e#no# "orno# po0i6 (o nesvie(i6 &e nepohy!u&e or< nic-y v "orno# po0i6 "r "u pr$de o- #ih s%ci(u #ed"i 3 n( s(ic- sve(e0n/ch nervy6 n'h0e s(o&$ pos( vy -o & sn/6 !e" n'vrhu "o s(r ny n'p d. V"h2 d ich v.e(-y n r "6 on ni-dy pred(/# preds( vov 06 si preds( vov 06 po(o# & sne .6 nevid$# (o6 1o chce# vidieD6 #=>e# 0en "#ieriD s (/#6 1o so# vide06 sve(0 !e" s(i#u0'cie. i. ZN ... X?=>e# (r'viD hodiny si preds( vov 06 preds( v(e si6 >e dispo"$ci sve(e0n#u & vu nie &e6 ni-dy ne!ude # D (o -o prv/ do-'" 0 preds( viD v"h2 d >ivosD # . A "r "u s o!& v$ sve(0o6 nie n prvo# #ies(e * &0ep.ie pro(i #o&e& v=0i6 !e" (oho6 !y iden(i3i-ov (e2n "dru>eni .... i. Z7 X* &&ednoduch.$ sp=so!6 -o vs(%piD do (/ch(o & vov6 -eT so# ce0-o# do!re6 - nie predov.e(-/# v"ru.u&%ce v nie-(or/ch 1 s(i ch (e0 prev >u&e psychic-y 0e!o 3y"ic-y6 (o n &#56 -eT so# !o0 n 0 1no. P=s( #=>e# priniesD (ie(o & vy do n'dherne& vi( 0i(y. ni-dy so# si ich v.i#o06 -e!y so# !o0 pred pi($# v$n .... i. QQ X*i-dy so# si6 !y s #o&e o1i " (voren6 >e prechod n 3 n( s(ic- o!r'"-y s o1 #i -o os0nenie o!r'"-ov. i. 7ZS XT - 2 h-o v #o&ich preds( v'ch o!r "y d=&sD nedo!rovo2ne6 ( ->e #'#6 0e s-oro ni-dy n'hodne <enerov D ur1i(/ Ph n( s# ur1i(/ch osve(0enie s3 r!enie n n &v51.o# %si0$#. S(r'vi0 so# po0 dU v (o#(o cvi1en$ v=0e v (#e. Preds( vivos(i o!r "y !o0i v>dy !udeLv"pier D Vyni- &%ce6 1o so# nesp=so!i06 ne#oho0 !yD " "n #en n/. su!&e-($vny ( - 2 h- vid$# 3 r!y6 ni-dy so# ne!o0 schopn/ chcenie 1ervene& n #odr% " chy(iD "orn po0e opr viD X.... i. 8S XThe Dre # o!r'"-y nie s% ni1 vi c ne> sve(e0n/ch 3 n(E#y6 -(or s
o!& vu&%6 so " vre(/#i o1 #i v Sehsinnsu!s( n". O!vy-0e s% vyro!en " u"n ni ich o!&e-($vnos(i6 1 s(o s vedo#$#6 >e 0en sn$v o!r "y s% viden. V druho# pr$p de6 sen o!r'"-y ne0$.i od 3 n( sy o!r "ov pred " sp n$#. Vo v0 s(n/ch po"orov n$ pred sp n$# so# 1 s(o pre-v pen/6 n " 1i (-u s-u(o1nho sn . S-u(o1n/ sen6 s eu( n'"ie re30eOie u"n nie o!&e-(ivi(y 3 n( sy o!r "ov6 po(o# vs(%pi n &&ednoduch.ie n &vi c !e"pros(redne& - &e pri& (' n #ies(o (#y pos(upne vn%(orn su!&e-($vne osve(0enie "ornho po2 . X I; (oho vyp0/v 6 v ori<in'0och e.(e (rochu #i#o vied0 Tere opis (oh(o.F A- h 0ucin'cie s (/- 6 -(or s% spo&en s choro!n/#i s( v#i6 o!vy-0e nosi "n v"ru.enie nervovho sys(#u cievny sys(#6 #o>no6 >e s% v>dy aon<es(iv"us(5nde v #o"e n ro"die0 od *ico0 i pr$p du6 pre(o>e ho&enie pos-y(u&e (o6 -o po-i 2 ide o pr$1inn% v"ni-u do-u#en(u n ich o!vy-0ho v/s-y(u v hor%1- ch6 u nie-(or/ch druhov6 .i 0ens(vo6 -o opi0ec .i 0ens(vo I1o &e 1 s(o ce"Lp0nenie #o"i0ove& -rvi po #ies(o s#r(iF6 po pou>i($ * r-o(i"is6 pros(redn$c(vo# -(orho #=>e !yD pu0" "n 1ne v51.ie6 (T +eure( ?e(ivi 79F "is(en6 po po1e(n/ch po"orov n$ v S 0p|(ri}re6 >e " v.e(-/ch ( # s vys-y(u&%ce .i 0enc 6 -(or/ s pos(ihnu(/ h 0ucin'cie prie#er n &1 s(e&.ie pu0"K !o0 do-onc 1 s(e&.ie ne> u pos(ihnu(ho s #'niou. A0e & so# (ie> oh0'si0 pr$p d6 -edy po (o#6 1o n &si0ne&.$ s(r (e -rvi6 h 0ucin'cie po-r 1u&%ce (rv 0 GNF .
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Brierre Bois de ?on( s. Q7M
Po B i00 r<er ?ore u hori"on('0ne& po0ohy "v/hodUu&e h 0ucin'cie6 spo0o1n% re16 pre(o>e -rv (e1ie vi c do h0 vyK Pine0 ro"pr'v o #e0 ncho0ic- >en #ies(nos(i6 -de s% h 0ucin'cie s0uchov o- #>i(e " s( vi06 -eT sede0. O!r "y6 -(or s o!& vu&% v h 0ucin'ciu v .i 0ens(vo eO( (ic-/ch s( vov s% (ypu "vy1 &ne pre"en(ov n v & sne& "'vis0os(i n predch'd" &%cich von- &.$ch >ivo(n/ch pod#ieno- " #es(n nos(i6 0e & s-=r -oncep1n >ivo( 2ud$6 1o s #o"re&#e & s'#6 ( ->e v s%vis0os(i6 >e 1is(' sep r'ci n pos%denie pr$1inn/ch 3 -(orov h 0ucin'cie si nie &e #o>n. IDo-u#en(y su H <en s. 7Q 33F ; druhe& s(r ny6 ( # s% h 0ucin'cie6 -o !o0o uveden vy..ie6 1 s(o v !e"(v r/ch sve(e0n/ch & vovK (ie> n vrho0 & vy 1 s(o " 1$n &% (/#6 0e!o ich sprev'd" 06 d=- "6 >e6 n ro"die0 od v.e(-/ch vp0yvo# preds( vivos(i6 v (o# "#ys0e6 o!0 s(i #us$ !yD dispo"$cie pre"en(ov D. IPo"ri H <en S. GRMF B s(o h 0ucin'cie " nie-o2-/ch "#ys0ov po(o# 1 s(o od- "u&%6 -o (o "odpoved' "'-ony "dru>eni . "O!po/oro&anie Jarait a&oir P,e *es Tab*e (a*,cin2cie sont ^ ,n s2m rarement bornes sens, to,t en *a &erim de ce fait reconnaissant, s,r *eP,e* M. Qo&i**e I%NIN bea,co,p, na pe,t affirmer, P,!en Dnra* *es (a*,cin2cie de te* o, te* sens dominent s,r Ce**es des 9,tres sens. C!est N,rto,t dans *es ned,(y 9iD,es, P,!on en meme
temps po/oro&a+ p*,sie,rs (a*,cin2cie A,nies .... B,and i* e6iste de p*,sie,rs sens (a*,cin2ci0, ces (a*,cin2cie ont ordinairement entre H**es /o spr2&, ktor Htroits. 9insi na p, remarP,er dans *!po/oro&anie de *!(a**,cin P,i *es *c(ait M,rai**es, parceP,!e**es O,i paraissaient co,&ertes d!pomaran-a d*icie,ses (&oye/ strana 1T9), en mtme temps P,!i* sentait *!ode,r et *a Na&e,r de CHN o&ocie. M. .... #ai**arDer apports *!po/oro&anie d!,ne femme P,i rec,t ,n pot de Q*e,rs s,r *a ttte et *e br,it P,e entendit IMMHDI9THMH%T faisait ce pot en o sebe s &'b,8n'mi Hc*ats s,r *e pripra&i+ ko*0ky (or-ice,. &inDt fois e**e sentait par o,r *e mtme pre&rat entendait et *e br,it M5me. " (#rierre #ois de Mont s. bbc) B s(o &e (u nedos( (o- h 0ucin'cie v=!ec ro"u#n souvisicich6 *ico0 i hovor$6 n pr$-0 dP XA- &e presne #=&ho nervovho sys(#u6 ( - ve2#i s0 !'6 0en ( ro"ru.en/ !o0 ( - n p5(/6 >e rovn -o -o pos( vy !y s #oh0i o!& viD6 0e -eT so# s0edov 0 (ie(o !0udy v.e(-y "n'#e "'-ony ro"u#u6 preds( vivos(i6 in - o!y1 &n #y.0ien-ov soci'cie. X Podvod h 0ucin'ci #i6 -o v pr$p de von- &.e& o!&e-(y vn$# ni !o0i pr$(o#n6 #=>u !yD vi c 1i #ene& %p0ne n o-o0nos(i ch6 &e v - >do# pr$p de %p0ne v #noh/ch pr$p doch.V s-u(o1nos(i6 (u v.e(-y #o>n prechody ;d' s 6 >e s us-u(o1n$. *ie-(or h 0ucin'cie s% si vedo#$ ich s( ve p0ne vedo#/ podvodK s-u(o1ne ro"po"n D pre0ud -o 3 n(E#y6 &e6 >e ne# &% p0n% ch r -(er re 0i(y v nie-(or/ch oh2 doch &e (o6 >e s s%visi cich re'0nych pod#ieno-6 -(or up0 (Uu&e6 n druhe& s(r ne6 s% ne"0u1i(e2n so r " in - 0en " p0nenie &e ( #. X?oho0 !y so#6 pois(en/ *ico0 i6 -o so# -edy !o0 v n &v51.o# po-o&i ro"u#u6 " v.e(-/ch o-o0nos($ ro"0i.ov D pre0ud & vov presne6 ne#/0i0 so# s &eden 1 s. Vede0 so# presne6 -edy (o &ednoducho "d 0o s #i6 >e s% dvere o(voriD6 -eT s dvere o(vori0i nie-(o n o" & # nen p d0o. X On (ie> vide0 3 r!y #ierne sve(0e&.ie -o v s-u(o1nos(i. Podo!ne6 vo ve-u G7F oh0'si0 pr$p d.
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V os( (n/ch pr$p doch6 v. -6 &e si(u'ci od0i.n'. XVide0 so#6 >e u"dr vov 0 chor/ch (oh(o druhu n Esduiro06 po1u0 so# ( - presn6 -o vid$# po1u&e#.X L Xae!y #o&e vn$# nie &e "06 >e "#yse0 pre ni1 ne(u.i ci -U " Fovi00e6 ( ->e #us$# pochy!ov D o (o#6 >e v.e(-o6 1o !y s(e #i poved D6 #us$# pochy!ov D6 >e so# D vidieD6 po1u0 so# D .X P cien( hovor$6 >e +eure( GGF P X* ch'd" (e Di(es due CE #i Tro#p6 nie vous p rcedue -o#preney p s -o#en('r ces voiO due C[en(ends rriven( &usdu[{ #oi6 # is &e ne p s due vous co#prends -o#en('r ce0 se!e 3 i(K ce due CE s is !ien6 c[es( du[e00es rriven(6 puisdue "'vis0os(i 0es En(endsP E00es son( n 0i D #oi ussi due vo(re voiO dis(inc(es6 e( S, vous Vou0e" due 0 &[ d#e((e r 0i( de vos p ro0es6 0 isse"L#oi ussi 0 d#e((re r 0i( " P ro0es 6. dui #e viennen(6 &e ne s is d[ou u(o 0 r 0i( s unesie e( des u(res es( < 0e#en( ci(0iv Pour ?oi X
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Tie> #=>e(e vidieD6 >e ve2#i 1 s(o ro!i !0'"nov hor%1- chor -(y6 -(or preu- "u&%6 >e s ur1i(e p0e(% h 0ucin'cie s re 0i(ou. Pre ( # nie-(or/ch 2ud$ &e uveden6 >e ich v$"i "#i"0 6 -eT " vre0 o1i6 " (i 2 1o v in/ch6 >e (o !o0o dos( (o1n n vyrovn nie vie1- 6 pre pri&$# nie h 0ucin'cie. V e.(e in$6 >e s >i dny ro"die06 1i s o(voren 0e!o " (voren o1i. *ico0 i hovor$P X?i#ochodo# %d &e o!& vi0 s #i vo v.e(-/ch do!'ch " r="nych o-o0nos($6 rovn -o & sne ur1i(e6 -eT so# !o0 s'# v spo0o1nos(i6 vo dne & v (e#ne& noci6 v #o&o# do#e v cud"$ch do#och aeT so# " vre0 o1i. ( ->e nie-edy pos( vy !o0i pre16 nie-edy s ( # & so " vre(/#i o1 #i. po(o# 0e vyh/! 06 -o pu!0i-ov 0 "novu o(voriD o1i o predpo-0 d n/ch 1$se0. X Sp/( 0 s do-(or )rich(on si v.i#o06 GMF 6 X>e p cien(6 - " 1n% s hor%1- #i prvou sn$v 6 ( - uro!iD 0en v(edy6 - &e #ies(nosD " (e#nen/6 0e!o -eT " vrie(e o1i6 o(vori ho v. -6 0e!o &e #ies(nosD do!re osve(0en'K ( - po1uD 3 n( "$rov nie6 1 s(o hovoriD6 -eT s spo#en%D n veci6 -(or oni vide0i6 >e !o0i presved1en$6 >e si preds( vov 0. X *ie-o2-o pr$p dov6 -eT "#i"0 n -onci o1n/ch h 0ucin'cie po"ri RUTE v Oph(h 0#o0. A&6 s(r 79M 0is(y s(r'n-u Griesin<er &e SG
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Hi!!er( S. G8R
V ro"pore s eO(ern/#i "#ys0ov/ch vne#ov6 h 0ucin'cie s spr'v &% ( -6 >e #=>e !yD vy0%1en/ o-o0nos($ " nich6 0e!o n op - ich n hr d"u&%6 0e!o s% schopn$ s dn%D si s ni#i. Po B i00 r<er GZF6 nie-(or h 0ucin'cie #=>u preru.iD svo&e h 0ucin'cie6 -eT s o!r'(i svo&u po"ornosD n von- &.ie do&#yK Av. -6 in$ nie s% -($v . Pre(o s 1 s(o h 0ucin'cie pri pr$(o#nos(i 0e-'r s(r (iD svo&e h 0ucin'cie6 -(or s vr c &% & po ods(r'nen$ 0e-'r .
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C hr!uch 78Z9. s(r.SS Sch#id(
B s(o s u-'>e6 >e v pr$p de6 3 n(E#y po-ry(ie 2 hos( &nho po" di 6 #i"ne6 v. -6 - o!&e-(6 -(or/ udre0 po"ornosD6 -(or' v"ni-' pri ich "d n0iv #ies(e 0e!o o!.(ru-ciou v$"i &e in(erc 0 (es #ed"i v$"iou "d n0iv #ies(o v$"ie. C. ?Y00er Iph n(. GS MRF6 v.eo!ecne po"n #en'v P XT$6 -(or$ vide0i6 1o 3 n( s(ic- o!r "y v !de0o# s( ve s o(voren/#i o1 #i6 sved1iD6 >e &eden ne#=>e odvr'(iD od svo&ich o1$6 (o "n #en'6 >e v pr$p de6 >e pri!0i>ne v po0ovici "ornho po2 s 6 >e s "hodu&e so v.e(-/#i pred#e(#i6 -(or sp d &% do vi"u'0ne& osi !\endender pohy!u o1$. po"orov nie (oh(o druhu s "hro# >Tu&% Grui(huisen IBei(r pre Physio<nosie s(r ne GM8 GR9F " v0 s(n/ch s-%senos(i druh/ch. X V &edno# pr$p de6 Sco(( h0'sen s De#ono0o<y6 #i#ochodo# # 0 ve2#i ro"u#n/ 10ove-6 pod2 nie-(or/ch in/ch predch'd" &%cich h 0ucin'cie6 v"h2 d -os(ry6 -(or/
ur1i(e ne!o0 schopn/ " chy(iD6 !e" oh2 du n (o v>dy "dviho0 "nov 6 (o !o0o 0en sch#y. XCe (o -os(r 6 sp/( 0 s do-(or6 si v>dy p #5( DbX )hor/ #u> odpoved 0 -0 dne. XT ->e & (er "bX Av. -6 odpoved 0 p cien(. XA -de s(e ho vidieDbX HneT n %p5($ #o&e& pos(e0e6 -eT s "'ves#i v2 vo o(voren/ # 0/6 ( ->e vyp0n$ -os(r 6 -o s #i "d'6 >e pr'"dny pries(or od .... Do-(or s('0 #ed"i dvo# po0oLchov n/ch "'vesy n noh'ch pos(e0e6 !o0i odvo0'v 0 s n neho -o n #ies(e6 -(or s v"h2 d. Po(o# s op/( 06 1i duch !o0 s('0e vidi(e2n/b *ie ( - ce0-o#6 odpoved 0 p cien( 6 pre(o>e 10ove- s(o&$ #ed"i n$# #nouK 0e vid$# 0e!-u duch n r #eno. X V &edno# h0'sen Dr Br ch pr$p de # 0 7G ro-ov s( r' diev1in . S(r cho# pred podivne vy"do!i0 #u> s 1erven/# vie1-o#6 hry"enie n -osD6 -g1ovi(/# "0 1 s(o op -u&%ce s v$"ie vypr cov n6 "nov o!& vi06 >e 10ove- -o pre0ud v aeT i.0 prv/-r'( n 3 n(E#u6 0e!o chce0 chy(iD6 (o d 0o 0en p'r -ro-ov od ne&. Dr Br ch " predpo-0 du6 si 7Z dn$ po prvo# %(o-u n n s0edu&%cich (es(ovP *ech 0 p cien( nie-o2-o-r'( v"h2 du $sD pro(i #%ru po(o# s sp/( 06 1i s " h0i dnuD 2ud$6 do-onc & ce" s(enub To ne!o0 pr$p dK pre(o>e oni # 0i dovo0en pr$sD n -ro- pred s(enu ( - vy!0ednu(/ v"h2 d. ae!y s v. -6 hus( s('n-u pred o-no#6 ( ->e v"h2 d u(ie-o0 " o-n po"re0 s n Uu o-no#. aeT s nech' vidieD v "r- d0e6 ( ->e nevide0 v"h2 d6 0e ich v0 s(n/ i#id>. *ie-(o vs(%pi0 #ed"i nich #ies(o6 -de s pod2 &e& vy& dreni 6 #u> !o0 v ro-u6 ( ->e ho vide0 v 1 s(i6 - (o !o0o nev"D hu&e in(ervenu&%ci " d ne& oso!e. Pro3esion'0 nie-oho rovno - !odu6 -de !o0 n podo!enin ( - vy!0ednu(6 >e dosD 1 su6 0e d D &u n in #ies(o do s(r'n. Pou>i(ie vhodn/ch nervy pos(upne -0es' "n$>i0 -g1ovi( n'hody Ph n(o# " 1 0 !0edn%D #5--. Po prv6 1erven' 1i p- so >0(ou pos(upne sve(0e&.ie6 po(o# o!rys ce0ho o!r'"- !o0i ne"re(e2n6 s(en1i0 n (oh(o #u> &edin/ (v'r6 -0o!%- ru-u6 v -(ore& " s('v 0 -os(i "os( 0i6 po(o# "os( 0 (v'r ru-y pre1 p cien( vide0 0en -os(i 1i p-u6 n -(oro# !o0o (ie> neus('0e !ie0e& !0ed.ie.Po R (/>dUoch6 0e pre0ud chore "#i"o0. I?ed. 1 s. V. -0u!y 3 Hei0-. Pr6 78MS. B RF. aeT v ro"pore s o!&e-($vny#i n'"ory &e po(re!n "v'>iD spo0o1n% re16 & -eT s o!& v$ 3 n(E#y vi c prieh2 dn 0e!o priesvi(n6 -de s "d &% !yD podo!n6 !y s spr'v 06 -o -e!y s(e dvo&i(/ o!r "6 n pr$-0 d o!0'(-y6 n 0is(e s vy(0 1$ 0e!o p$s nie produ-ov 06 -(or po(o# svie(i ce" dvo& -/ o!r ". Tie(o in3or#'cie #o>no n'&sD vi c. a rd nov "d 0o r="ne 3or#y # 0/ch -r%>-ov eOis(ov D -o 10'n-y reD "e po.(y. XV.e(-o !o0o & sn6 & -eT nie ( - -eT !y s #oh0o "d D6 >e s ni1X IH <en v. ZS.F. Ten6 -(o vide0 #g(vo0u 10eni(/ s-=r6 po"re0 s n pos( vu rovn -/ ce" ry(iny. I+ondon #ed GA;. NM. 78ZMF. V.i#o0 in/6 >e h 0ucin'cie s% ( - >iv s n$#6 (/# vi c du. !o0 v -2udovo# s( ve 0e!o u(rpenie6 ( ->e s-u(o1n o!&e-(y ne!o0i po"orov n v #ies(nos(i. XA0e po"ornosD v"!udi0 -si %si0ie uvedenie do prev'd"-y6 !y " chy(i0 3 n('"ie s('v 6 -o (o !o0o (r nsp ren(n6 pred#e(y "#ys0ov Io!&e-(ovF v"0ie(o0 -o -e!y vide0 "o" du n 3 n(E#y n ch'd" &%. Bo0 (o ne!o0o D >- v n &#en.o#6 !y s &eden 0e!o druh/ o!&e-( vidi(e2n/ n v=0i6 -o 3 n(E#y "#i"0 ( -#er rovn -o d0ho -o po"ornosD pevne n re'0nych o!&e-(och pov >u&%. X IHi!!er( p G8QF
A-o druh "0o>enie h 0ucin'ci$ s eO(ern/#i "#ys0ov/ch do&#ov6 i0%"ie6 ch'p D v (o# "#ys0e6 uveden6 p0 ($6 " -(or/ch #noho pr$-0 dov !y #oh0 !yD ci(ov n6 0e (o !y !o0o 1i s(o1ne n d!y(o1n6 1i s(o1ne pr$0i. T 0e-o vodcu. Be" oh2 du n (ie6 -(or !o0i h 0ucin'cie o!r "y v.eo!ecne nosi v.e(-y 3 r!y v re'0no# sve(e6 (o #=>e !yD6 0e pro#inen(n/ u> ?eyer s-%senos($ (/#6 >e in(ern' v/ro! n'(erov/ch h#=( D >.ie ne> 3orie# &e GRF 6 (o & n ne& - s-%senos(i h 0ucin'cie ro"po"n D . *ico0 i vide06 >e &eho 3 n('"i " 1 0i #i"n%D6 rovn -o !0ed% 3 r!u -o prv/6 u> s s('v &% pos( vy ce0' !ie0 6 pre(o>e ich o!rysy !o0i s('0e ve2#i odhod0 n/6 v pr$p de6 >e diev1 ('6 -(or vide0 podivn/ #u> vy"do!i0 op -ov 0 -o pre0ud6 !o0o v pos(upne s " d n$# o>ivenie 1ervene& 1i p-e Prv' >0('6 pos(upne sve(0e&.ie.
GRF
Wpeci3i-'cie Dro!isch Ipo"ri vy..ieF6 v. - nie &e %p0ne v pori d-u s (/#6 0e vys-y(u&% s u #ene& ro"hodu&%ce & vy.
Bre\s(er #' -o v"or- ro"0$.iD pre0ud s-u(o1n o!&e-(y6 1o "n #en'6 >e &e po(re!n s(0 1iD & !0-o ich o1$6 !y s(e "is(i0i6 1i "dvo&en/ o!r " v"ni-'6 -(or' #=>e v"ni-n%D 0en " predpo-0 du s-u(o1nho o!&e-(u. A0e spr'vy P (erson GQF o pr$p de6 -edy s ro"hodo0 posun pre0ud v o1ne& !u2ve &e poved 06 !y s "dvo&n'so!i0 s prs( #i. To !y !o0o ne#o>n6 pre(o>e #y.0ien-y "dvo&n'so!enie s !e"pochy!y dvo&i(/ o!r " v preds( v'ch &e (o6 1o Wi-#/ #=>u -o ( - h 0ucin'cieK 0e (/#(o ce0' v"or- s "d' nespo2 h0iv.
GQF +ond/n
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D=0e>i(' &e "is(enie6 >e ne#'0o pr$p dov &e "n'#e6 -de >iv h 0ucin'cie s -on 06 0e chor/ n 1ierno# hvie"dy (rpi 6 ( - -de v se-cii op(ic- nervy6 -o !o0i %p0ne (ro3ic-.S-res0enie ( -/ch pr$p doch s% C. ?Y00er6 ce" ph n(. )e0-o# s. M7 33 RUTE v y Oph(h 0#o0. ,6 s 79Z !; *#!ob!%n5 2vah'. ;o s%hrnu s-u(o1nos($6 -(or !o0i o"n'#en pros(redn$c(vo# po#eru spo#ien-ov/ch o!r "ov poLo!r "y6 #ed"i o!o# " nich einschie!enden prechodn/ch od- "y6 &eden dos( ne do&e#6 >e procesy6 -(or s% pred#e(o# spo#ien-ov/ch o!r "ov o!r'"-ov poLs #y o se!e nie s% #oc od0i.n6 >e &e (o s-=r To is( psycho#o(oric- prev'd"- &e66 pod2 (oho6 -o (o &e pri #o in.pirov n/ "vn%(r 0e!o "von-u dovn%(r 6 #en('0ny o!r " 0e!o vne#u6 !/v 0/ s% nes-=r reL "vu-6 druh/ -o pri #y o"ven o!&e-($vneho o!r "u. S (ou(o inou 3or#ou v/ro!y6 po(o# #=>u !yD spo&en n ro"die0 v si0e -on(r s(u v poci(y spon('nnosD vn$# vos(i6 r="ne #ies(ne poci( pre o! & vy n s0edovne. T/#6 1o &e (ie> o"veny sn$#o- vyro!en/ch ne10enov v v spo#ien- ch pre&sD6 1o po"n'#e6 rovn -o -o 1o-o2ve- vn%(orn #edi'ciou6 (o vy"er' ce0-o# prirod"en6 >e oni !y # 0i6 - s% i! nes-or n's0ed-y (/ch(o o!r "ov6 in(en"i( rovn -' n porovn (e2n udr> D -on.( n(n% s( v or< ni"#u -o horn% hr nicu6 "d' D >.ie
pochopi(e2n6 >e s% in6 0e 0en v/ni#o1ne -on"is(en(n6 p%"dr pr$s(up (e&(o horn% hr nicu ro"s hu6 ( ->e "re&#e (o is( #o>no dosi hnuD6 ne> >e - " n$# "os( ne6 -o (o &e v0'dnuD. Po-i 2 s 0e "d' s 6 >e von- &.ie o!r "y pre-on D & >ivosDou v nie-(or/ch eO( (ic-/ch s( vov6 ( - &e (o 0en do (e& #iery6 v pr$p de6 -edy eOci(ov no# s( ve6 v -(oro# s or< ni"#us n ch'd" vo vn%(orno# reLvy(vorenie6 s6 v -(oro# s n "'"n #6 &e neporovn (e2n/. Ro"die0 v poci(e spon('nnos(i6 1o #'#e vo v/ro!e p #5Dov/ch o!r "ov vn$# vosD6 -(or vn$# #e p o!r "ov6 -(or #o>no 2 h-o #ed"i (/#i6 -(or$ # &% s-0on s du. & vy ro"de0iD n (ie6 -(or v/r "ne "'vis$ n 3y"i-'0nych procesov6 (ie6 -(or nie s% v/"n #ne "'vis0 #ys0e viesD6 spoU -( <enerov nie o!r'"-ov p #5(i6 >e ni po0o>iD o!&e-($vny o!r " ich odr "y n druh% s(r nu6 - n prve& s(r'n-e6 A0e "d' s #i & sn6 # &% pre(o neudr> (e2n'6 1i 1innosD v/ro!y 0e!o " poh2 du n o!r'"-y s 0$.i od s #o(n/ch sn$#o- ( -6 >e ($6 !s(r -(n #=>e(e po-r 1ov D v du.i6 v. - ne#=>u !s(r -(n v Uo# po-r 1ov D. Be" !y chce06 !y s vr'(i0 do sporu s n'"or#i6 -(or odporu&% &eden - n'"oru6 podporov n/ drvivou du.u us d$ sys(#y v.eo!ecne6 #us$#e " n .e& s(r ny n p #5(i6 >e p #5D o!r " -o 3(eri# <e o!&e-($vny o!r " visenie ni psychic-y6 ni 3y"ic-y v pr'"dno(e6 0e .peci'0n us( noveni v.eo!ecnho 1innos(i vedo#ie n &edne& s(r ne (e&(o "'-0 dne& ce0-ov psycho#o(oric- procesu s% n druhe& s(r ne. * %1e0y (oh(o pro<r #u v"h2 do# n u> poved 0 !y so# (o ( -(oP #'#e n #en('0nych o!r "ov poci( spon('nnos(i6 pre(o>e v <ener'cii v r'#ci ce0-ovho v0ny &e vi c "v/.en' pros(redn$c(vo# "!eru v0ny -o h r#onic-K n op -6 pri v/ro!e " von- &.e&K 0e &e nu(n6 -o -on.(ru-ci h r#onic- rovn -. ?ed"i(/#6 rovn -/ pos(up nie &e ni16 1o !y s vy0%1iD pr$p dy6 -eT ce0-ov' v0n "vy.u&e vi c & "vn%(r u0o>enie h r#onic- -o v0nyK po(o# #'(e6 0e i! v/ni#o1ne6 -(or # &% !yD pov >ov n " nedo!rovo2n h 0ucin'cieK do-onc (u #noho prechody s% #o>n6 -o s#e vide0i6 (T v Erinnerun<sn ch!i0dern6 & vy "#ys0ovho p #5(i. ?o>n #ed"i p #5Dov/#i o!r "y poLo!r "y 0o- 0i( v"D hov n0 n<end6 po(o# "vy1 &ne pos-y(u&e " h0'sen/ch po"orov n$6 >e v o>ivenie nie s% o!o"n'#en$ s p #5Dou o!r'"-y odvr'(iD po"ornosD s o(voren/#i o1 #i o-o0i(ho sve( so " vre(/#i o1 #i " 1ierne& "orno# po0i s(i hnu( poci(y po (o#6 1o " se!ou #us$ !yD6 -de s p #5D o!r "y "os('v &% s0 !6 #=>u !yD (ie> po-r 1ov 0 <ehends vn$# n dr> 0 0en v ( -e& !s(r -ciu od von- &.$ch "#ys0ov6 v podo!n/# sp=so!o#6 -o &e (re! (ie> v/pis " nie-o2-/ch "#ys0ov/ch o!0 s(i ch vn$# ni v ino# !yD vedo#$ (oho6 6 !y !o0o #o>n. To n "n 1u&e6 >e po0e #en('0nych o!r "ov & rodiace sa sta+ ( - d0ho6 -o oni "os( n% s0 !/6 o!0 s(i poLo!r "y6 -(or s "hodu&e s 1ierny# "orno# po0i6 s n ch'd" &% v rovn -o# "#ys0e6 v r="nych #o"<u6 -o r="ne "#ys0ov s #o(n/ch do#n * druh% s(r nu6 vo chv$0i6 -eT s po"rie(e n vne#u v u" vre(o# o1$ 0e!o 1iernou "orno# po0i ni vedo#$ n p5(ie po"ornosD - poci(o# po ce0-o# -o o!r'(i0 pro(i von- &.$# sve(o#6 -o -eT s po"rie(e n v0 s(n o1i o(voren von- &.$ch o!&e-(ov. To n "n 1u&e6 >e po0e poLo!r "y von- &.$ch in(u$cie &e po(re!n pov >ov D " (o(o>n.
f 0.$6 -(o "is($6 >e s cie2o# " #er D s n nie1o po1u(e2nho6 Riech! res6 -(orho p #5D nie s#e o!o"n'#en$6 po"ornosD " s > ( - #usi vr'(iD " von- &.$ch "#ys0ov6 -o s " #er D n nie1o vidi(e2nho6 !e" poci(u r="ne 0o- 0i"'cie v "'vis0os(i n ro"# ni(os(i vn$# D6 >e 2udi si p #5( &%6 pre& vu&eK -(or predpo-0 d &%6 >e ce0' #y.0ien- 3o(o<r 3ov nie v &eho p=vodu o!y1 &n/6 " -(or/ch "#ys0ov o!r "y in/ od!or6 ( ->e po"ornosD #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# od!ory6 rovn -o -o #ed"i r="ny#i "#ys0ov/#i po2 #=>e(e s #i "#eniD. T'(o %v h s nes('v nep0 (n/#6 >e dis(en"i po"ornos(i6 n -(or s#e (u s$d0o6 "re&#e re30eO$vne sv 0ov poci( &e I( -FK pre(o>e ro"die0 od re30eOne& v"ru.en/ #o(orov/ch v0'-ien od#ie( r d v"ru.en/ch pri#'rnych sen"oric-/ch v0'-ien. Pries(orov' ro"# ni(osD o!0 s(i p #5(iLo!r "y poLo!r "y6 &e v. - po(re!n pov >ov D " >i dne odde0enos(iK * op -6 o!e o!0 s(i6 "'vis$ prirod"ene spo0u or< nic-y6 s% " hrnu( spo0o1ne v v.eo!ecno# spo&i(osD #o"<u6 %1in-y n r s(0iny v se!e pridru>en/ch 1innos($ so se!ou. EO(ern sve(0o podne( vyvo0'v si0n -(ivi(y v o!0 s(i von- &.$ch in(u$cieK n T 0.ie %1in-y rovn -o# ro"s hu v o!0 s(i #en('0nych o!r "ov do neho nech &(e (o n n's ne"n'#e pod#ien-y6 " -(or/ch &e s0 !.i p #5(e 3 n('"ie o!r'"-y "vi " n #o>nosD svo&vo2n "dru>eni # &% v"ru.enie. * op -6 #us$#e v s%0 de s & v#i6 -(or preds( vu&% o!r "y p #5(e 3 n('"ie s v51.ou >ivosDou6 s do#niev &%6 >e evo-'ci du.evn/ch o!r "ov v po0i ro".$renie %1in-ov v ine& o!0 s(i6 hineiners(rec-( "#ys0ov/ch o!r "ov6 druhu6 >e s-u(o1n "#ys0ov o!r "y pr$sD ce" pr h #=>e6 - &e ( -' "$s- D "'-0 dn "n -y o!&e-($vnych n'"orov "vy.-ov/ po>i d D o rovn -/ s#er po"ornos(i. Ro"die0 &e v (o#6 >e p #5DLo!r'"-y pod2 (oho6 -o s% >iv6 #=>e !yD 2 h-o do # 2ov 0 do o1$ B0 c-6 -(or/ pro(ire1$ -o druh u-'" 0 6 #ed"i #nou pu"dro# s ?eyer #o>n' i! vT - (o#u6 >e oni !y #oh0i 2 h.ie do&e# " o1$ Biern 1o s #o o se!e &e e.(e sve(0o do&e# e-viv 0en( prev >u&%. AspoU & s'# si o!(i >nosD 0e!o ne#o>nosD do "u# 0en p #5Dov/ch o!r'"-ov do o1$ 1iernych6 vo ve2#i prirod"en/# )onneO6 ( ->e 1ierne o-o #i ro!$ ove2 0ep.$ do&e# -o spo#ien-ov/ch o!r "ov vy(v'r n/ch 1ierny#i o1 #i vo A!<e"o<enhei( po"ornos(i. Bude# s sn >iD p$s D rovn -/# sp=so!o# &e& !0ed 0ine #en(s $sD von s #o(n/ 3 -(6 v. -6 s o!& v$ v ich "v0'.(nu s0 !osD6 -eT #'# po"ornosD o1$ 1iernych odpo1$( n$ rovn - po0o>-y6 -o !y s do pr'"dn . V pr$p de6 rovn -o -o v !u.i6 p #5Dov preds( vy o pr$rode ve2#i >iv6 0e!o6 -o v ?eyer6 s "v/.i0 o cvi1enie ve2-/ ni#'cie6 ('(o pre-'>- &e s #o"re&#e pre16 -o !y (o ce0-o# prirod"ene6 s% rovn -6 po-i 2 #o>no !yD pri& ( v o!0 s(i6 -de s o!&e-($vne o!r'"-y "vy.-ov/ pov >ov D. Do-onc & "d n0iv/ ro"por6 >e & nie-(or$ T 0.$6 s-=r (o6 1o " !er' #o"o< pri poh2 de n o!r'"-y " p #5(e 1 sD h0 vy6 #' pou>i(ie pre6 0e6 "d' s 6 in$ vi c6 ne> v pr$p de6 >e po(re!u&% o1i u.i "'vis$ sporn s r="ny#i hr%!-y p #5DovLo!r "y dohro# dy. C s'# so# ni-dy ro!iD o!r "y " p #5(i ( - si0n/6 >e v/r "ne v sen"oric-e& o!0 s(i in30uier(en vn%(ri ich #ies( p=voduP 0e so# s ich n s( ven$# s n svo&o# prvo# p=vodu pro!0#yK -eT so# !o0 os0 !enie 1innos(i rededic (ion6 id% von6 #'# pre(o v>dy n di0 ('ciu po"ornos(i6 -(or' &e spo&en' s ro"v hou. A- v. -
vyhr D o!r "y si0y p #5(i (rv ni 6 pre-r/v &% v sen"oric-e& o!0 s(i6 s%vis$ (ie> s od pridru>ene& dis(en"i po"ornos(i. *e#=>e(e n'&sD (o nepr vdepodo!n6 >e 1innosD6 -(or' &e prvou s(i#u0ov n/ von- &.ieho sve(0 v op(ic-o# nerve po-r 1u&e i! do #o"ivosD op5D d r$ ro".iru&e do" du do (e& do!y6 -eT (o nie &e pr$p d s0 !.ie #en('0nych o!r "ov. Av. -6 poh2 d 0o- 0i"'ci nie &e #o>n ro"hodn%D o p0 (nos(i (e&(o -on-r(ne& ver"ie. (; N !ko<ko &o)n+/ok k snov. O sne6 >e ro"de2ov 1 v/r "y 1$s0 6 >e s d' predpo-0 d D &e& - u"'0ne 3 -(ory6 &eho prechody v so#n #!u0is(ic .('(och6 pod &e ve2 ro"p(/0en # (eri'0 s-%senos($ ne> GSF . A0e #us$# v"d D podro!ne&.iu spr'vu6 pre(o>e ro".$renie o!&e-(u6 (o &e (o vi c pr vdepodo!n6 >e !ude u#o>nen -o so# upus(i0 od po1i (-u vy1erp'v &%ci v ce0e& (e&(o o!0 s(i6 #use0 d D. Tu so# s 0en prid D - (o#u6 1o so# I- pi(o0 ZMF6 poved 0 o snoch6 nie-(or T 0.ie -o#en('re n pripo&enie - predch'd" &%ce& veci.
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Pod2 v oddie0och AF - (e&(o - pi(o0e s-u(o1nos($ o"n #ov n/ch " #es(n n n "'-0 de eF ro-ov ni #'#e pr$0e>i(osD6 scn psychoL3y"ic-e& 1innos(i6 -(or' &e pred#e(o# (vor!y #en('0nych o!r "ov (/ch(o s #o(n/ch o!r'"-ov6 -o d0ho -o oni "os( n% s0 !6 & -eT nie &e ro"veden' 6 0e " inho pries(oru o!0 s(i 1innos(i6 -(or' &e pred#e(o# "#yse0n o!r "y6 ( ->e s v. -6 >e pridru>en -(ivi(y v dvoch o!0 s(i ch6 -(or s n v"'&o# #=>u " s diD %1in-y n in/. Do#niev # s 6 >e & #ies(o snov T 0.$ch6 -o &e #y.0ien- pre!%d" >ivo(6 s% vy-on'v n vo ve2#i >iv sny6 0e spHU &% odr "y v o!0 s(i sen"oric-e& #o(or 1innos(i6 ne> &e (o#u u >iv/ch vys(%pen$ n s(r'>e. S #o o se!e (o ne#' ni1 spo0o1n nepr vdepodo!n6 >e !y 1 sov osci0'cie psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y n'.ho or< ni"#u pries(orov osci0'cie 0e!o cy-0us pohy!u pr$1inne s%visi podo!n/# sp=so!o#6 -o s#e n (o "vy-nu($6 po"rieD s n pr vide0n/ch & vov vo von- &.e& pr$rodeK -eT>e &e pre(o "n$>en' depresii pod pr hov/#i vrcho0#i h0 vnho hri de2 n'.ho psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y v sp'n-u o!vy-0e predpo-0 d' in u#ies(nenie -o n v/.-e n d s(r'>$6 pre(o "hodn6 ro"s h ich pr hu "v/.en$# h r#onic-/ch6 -de vis$ sn o!r "y6 &e T 0.$6 -o v !de0o# s( ve. ae!y (o ( - ne!o0o6 ( - so# s0edov D nes%0 d6 v -(oro# s o!& v$ sen6 >ivo( pre!udenie ideov/ >ivo( predov.e(-/# od0i.nou pov hu (/ch(o dvoch s ned' vysve(0iD. V pr$p de6 >e scn psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y po1 s sp'n-u !deni &e rovn -/ -o sen pod2 #=&ho n'"oru 0en r " " n$"-ou in(en"i(ou vyhr den6 po-r 1ov nie v !de0o# ide$ >ivo( !y #oh0 !yD6 >e n po-on "die2 D svo& # (eri'0
&eho (v r. A0e (o s chov' %p0ne od0i.neP "%ikdy sa opak, e (&o sne), .i&otnos+ de= s e(o 7si*ie a pote8enie, e(o radosti a bo*esti, a*e sk5r sen /(asne /ba&i+ sa e , a ke_ ce*2 na8a d,8a bo*a nap*nen2 ob ekt pri (*bok2 bo*es+ na n2s. &n7tornosti ro/tr(an, a*ebo 7*o(a ma* ce*' n28 d,8e&n' enerDia spotrebo&an2, n2m d2&a sen b,_ nie-o &e)mi c,d/ie, a*ebo si &e/me /o sk,to-nosti iba ednot*i& pr&ky do s&o ic( kombin2ci2c(, a*ebo m, ide *en k)7-om na8, n2*ad, a symbo*i/, e sk,to-nos+, . napr0k*ad, s7 ,. snoo/e obra/y takmer nikdy /n2me posta&y, a*e posta&y, ako sme takmer nikdy ne&ide*i, n2*ado& 7t&ary a formy, nie e )a(k n2 s+ ako & oko*itom s&ete. " (J(ysio*. III #,rdac( e, s aca) "%ie e )a(k by+ &o sne pripomen,tie. 18etko e, ako keby sa to stane tera/, a nikdy &/nik2 &o sne predsta&, e nie-o, -o kedysi sme sk,to-ne stret*i, a *en sn0&a*i opak, e mo(o* o/dobn obr2/ky / ob*ast0, ktor m5.ete &idie+ /n2me ob*asti &5bec &/2cne, a potom to be/o /meny. Hben, aby k n2m pric(2d/a 7 & snoc( .iadne /n2me me*;die, a*e sk5r no&, e, .e sme si ic( pam<t2me po preb,den0 ako sn0&a*i me*;di0, a*ebo .e &o c(&0)ac( preb,den0 a napo*y bde*om sta&e &edome nast2&a 7ce bo* me*;die m5.e by+ &iden' ako ten, ktor' pric(2d/a /o sp2nk, po. 9ko no-n' .i&ot patr0 ,. od&o*2&a* sa na t'c(to me*;di0, na sk,to-nos+, .e nie e mo.n identifiko&a+ po preb,den0. sa podoba 7 sny, a /no&, sp5sob mys*enia & sp2nk,, -o rob0me, nie e nikdy presne, a*e m5.e. 9k' m2 sen od rea*ity, r2d nar,8i+. nasto ),dia sa & ic( sk5r, nie & ic( s7-asn'c( oko*nost0. A5/nyc( -aso&'c( bodoc( s7 /mie8an do(romady. M,. c('ba precedens &/+a(, med/i pred a po. "(K mys*e a e &/+a( k pr0rode, od nemeno&an(o a,tora. #er*0n 1[bZ. N. Z`9) S-%senos(i6 -(or #=>e#e uro!iD v pre!uden$ s n %spechu odvr'(iD po"ornosD nie-(or/ch o!0 s(i ch do-'" D6 >e s #o(n "n$>enie po(0 1enie pod h0 vnou pr hu " h2 dis- n'.ho pro<r #u6 i! s(upUo#6 nie druhu por d$ pri vedo#$ >ivo(n "#eny. *espo1e(n -cie6 -(or s vy-on'v &% v !e"vedo#$ po1 s !deni 6 >e s#e s u#yD6 n pr$-0 d o!0ie- nie6 # nipu0'ci 6 v. - si #ys0$#e6 >e (o %p0ne od0i.n'6 s% v.e(-y v rovn -o# "#ys0e duchu6 rovn -o ( -6 ro"u#n/6 ne> >e s#e vy-on'v D s p0n/# vedo#$# s p0n/# (e&(o s%vis0os(i. *ie ( - s (/#6 1o ro!$#e vo sne preds( viD. Tie>6 -o # 0/ vysve(0iD (/#6 >e s #=>e v"h2 do# - u" vre(iu von- &.$ch "#ys0ov u> orien(ov n/ch - von- &.ie#u sve(u6 pre(o (ie> " 1 D in(erne chy!ov D6 in - (icho noci " (v'r nie o1$ s vy& dru&% rovn -/ %spechK Av. -6 ( #yse2 po1 s !deni &e 0en ( - "hro# >Tov n. Pre(o ni &ednoduch depresie vedo#ho du.evnho >ivo( pod h0 vnou pr h6 ni A!"iehun< " vp0yvov o-o0i(ho sve( 6 &e dosD vysve(0iD "v0'.(nosD sp'n-u >ivo( v porovn n$ s !de0o# s( ve. * #ies(o (oho6 !y 1is(o depresie psychophysic 0 1innos(i pod o-0%"ii von- &.$ch "#ys0ov6 &e (o s-=r ( -6 -o !y psycho#o(oric- 1innosD presunu0 " #o"<ov r cion'0ne v (o#6 >e !0'"onK 0e pre(o>e o! & #o"<y6 0e!o s-=r 1 s(i #o"n/ v"'&o#ne n s0edu&%ce6 &e (u (ie> v.eo!ecn psychic- spo&enie #ed"i ni#i po-r 1ov 0. *esporn6 >e por die psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y ich ide >ivo( po&#y "'vis$ nie0en n sys(#e6 0e (ie> n v/-rese6 " -(orho !o0o podro!en &e& (e0o pod &eho vp0yvo#6 pre(o6 sp=so!u6 -o s #y.0ien-y6 poci(y dospe0/ch6 v"de0 n &e
#i#ori dny# s0edov D od se! 6 (o & s rovn -ou p=vodn r s(0iny o!&edn 0 %p0ne in -6 ne> u de($6 nev"de0 n/K pov he -on-r(ne #y.0ien-y6 0e (er " #'#e6 &e v s%vis0os(i s pov hou o"vien6 -(or " nech 0 n'. predch'd" &%ci >ivo( #ys0enie. Ter " #' s$d0o #us$ !yD "ho(oven' n psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y preds( vivos(i v s(r'>e6 vypr cov n/ "odpoved &%ci# sp=so!o# v r'#ci p0nho e3e-($vneho vp0yvu -oheren(nho r cion'0neho >ivo( s 2uT#i vo sve(e (/#6 >e s(o&$ n psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y & " (oh(o vp0yvu6 pre(o uspori d 0 svo&e s$d0o. *eD h &(e s - s$die0 psychophysic 0 1innos(i v sp'n-u6 v -(oro# 0en o"ven (oh(o >ivo( pod pr ho#.* #ies(o neho s v porovn n$ s #o"<o# !0'"on6 !ude#e (ed porovn'v D (o e.(e preu- "n s #o"<o# dieD D 0e!o divoch6 s prih0i dnu($#6 >e &e v s%0 de s (/# dospe0ho6 &eden v"de0 n/ v ( -e& s%vis0os(i6 >e pri prechode od pre!uden$ Sp'no- de#<e#5Aer posunu(ie vrcho0e v0ny psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y6 o"veny6 -(or/ch ci(0ivosD preds( vivosD >ivo( -o sen pre&sD ce" v0ny v novo# s$d0e. Do (er " sch'd" 6 -(or% vypr cov 0 v"de0'v cie or< ni"'cie vi c (u6 " 1n% chy!ov DK -o dieD 0e!o @i0der nech'pe6 1o (o vorer"5h0( dospe0ho 0e!o v"de0 n/6 un(ri3(i<e "'very -res0$ nere<u0ov n/ preds( vivosD spri d o!r'"-y " ne&. A0e!o &e (o -o -eT ide(e von " #es( s d0'>den/#i ces('ch6 do#och s 1$s0 #i u0$c6 (T6 (T6 !e" cies( v -v'"iLpr$rodne& divo1inyK od prevodov-y &e neur1i(/K "d 0o s 6 (er " (u6 (er " ( # &e hr 6 0e uspori d n/ prechod pres( ne. A- vy0%1i#e 0en o1i n hor6 (o &e in'Kpred(/# " #es(n'v 0 vi c v s#ere von psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y "hro# >Tu&e6 s%s(reTu&e v s$d0 ch r cion'0ne vn%(orn/ >ivo(6 v prenosov/ch cies( "#ys0ov pri #o6 0e nie &e u#ies(nen/ v ino# over. * vy.e6 v pr$p de6 >e sen &e >ivo( po#erne -on(eO( vo2ne&.ie6 nie ( - ro"u#n/ rodi16 -o pre!%d" &%ci s >ivo(6 #' s('0e &eho -on(eO( "v0'.(ny druh &e ( - vys( ven/ 1 s(o6 -eT ide#e sp D po s(redne& pre!uden$6 sen o prve& sp'n-u v druho# po-r 1ov 0 !e" -oncepcie #ed"i p d &%ce pre!uden$ in(er-urrieren6 -(or (ie> hovori pre (o !deni sneni >ivo( # &% in/ #ies(o. * &#5 &e (o "vy1 &ne v noci prevodn$-y6 ( ->e s vr'(i6 rovn -o -o u -ho-o2ve- pre!uden$ n - >dodenn oper'cie v - >do# sp'n-u do !e>nho (ypu sn >ivo( .IBurd ch ,,,6 s ZSZF6 ( ->e #=>e(e 2 h-o viesD do #es( n vidie-u ve2#i od0i.n/# sp=so!o# >ivo( 6 vr'(iD s v prechode " &ednho do druhho po!y(u op -ov ne n rovn - -oheren(ne& v se!e >ivo(. *e#o>n6 0e $sD n rovn -e& s( <inivo( !ude. To6 1o p0 ($ od u#siede0nden 2ud$6 &e pr vd 6 "e u#siede0nden psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y u 10ove- . Av. -6 s-u(o1nosD6 >e prie!eh #y.0ieno- vo sne6 -(or/ nie &e vi " n/ ( -/# pevn/# sp=so!o#6 (/#(o s0o!odne nepori d-u6 0e nie !so0%(ne6 0e #=>e !yD ch'p n/ i! re0 ($vne6 v nie-(or/ch pr$p doch !ude (ie> pr vdepodo!ne v/ni#o1ne v51.ie %spechy vo sne &e (o #o>n6 rovn -o -o v !deni preds( vivosD nie-edy vy(voriD nie1o (o n &#5 v (o# sne6 1o !y ne!o0i schopn$ v !de0o# s( ve. IPo"ri pr$-0 dy v Burd ch &e 3y"io0Ei(/6 &e v A!"iehun< "von-u. Ro&-o &e !'sni-6 -(or/ u#o>Uu&e &eho 3 n('"ii vo2n/ priechod %p0ne6 prehr 0 vo vn%(orno# sve(e &e s(r (en' ( -6 >e &eho v"h2 d &e pr vd . *ech &(e s0edov ni e.(e uro!iD pos0edn/ -ro-. * vrcho0e psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 vi c vi c poni>u&%ce -o vi c vi c6 "#ys0ov podne(y #ene& pr$s(upn
1 s(i s "#en$ n 6 on &e6 0e " (i 2 &e (/#(o sp=so!iD "v/.enie vn%(r 6 -de s o('1 pro(i do!e !deni ( ->e psycho#o(oric- h0 vnho hri de2 !o0i "os(upu&e -o ce0o"os('v pod hr nicouK 0e "v/.i0 n #ies(e v in(eriri pro(i do!e pre!udeni (o(o #ies(o s posunu0 !0i>.ie - pre!udeniu. A ( - &e (ie> #o>n6 >e !nor#'0ne eO(r#ny pr$p d6 (o ide do s-u(o1ne& pre!uden$6 ( - s ro"vied0i sp'no- od !e>nho !denie sp5D s do ne& si !ude6 nov pre!udenie n s('v po sp'n-u6 0e 1o po(o# nu(n h0!.ie s ( - sp'no- o!y1 &n/ sed d0' !de0ho >ivo( s%vis$. To !y #oh0o !yD pre!udenie n n'#es 1nosD. A- so#n #!u0is(ic s(r'>e "d' ro"u#ne&.$ ne> sen6 !y (o #oh0o !yD sp=so!en6 0e spoU6 >e podivn 1 s(o n p0nen' v$"ie vn%(ornho sve( "n #en'6 >e v & sne&.o# sve(0e novho vedo#i pre!%d" s & ( - & sn6 do!re uspori d n. ?ys0$#6 >e &e sporn6 T 0e& ro".$riD po-us " s(upov D & vy sp'n-u psychophysic 00y n & vy 1 s($c n n'#es 1nosD. *ie6 >e ( # nie &e is-ri1- n'de&e6 !ude psycho3y"i-y (ie> d D v (o#(o s#ere do(er " ch/! 0 &eden sve(0oK nie6 >e nenech 0 vypr cov D v.eo!ecn #y.0ien-y o (o# (er ". A0e viesD - nie1o#u !e"pe1n &e s-=r e.(e ve2 vec$ v (e&(o o!0 s(i6 #us$ !yD " !e"pe1en' 1 sD s-u(-ov/ch o-o0nos($6 -o s% psycho#o(oric- "'-ony6 -(or e.(e nie &e v !e"pe1$ v (e& do!e. ke sen sn$#-y #=>u niesD re30eOy v o!0 s(i von- &.e& 1innos(i sv 0ov von- &.$ch vne#ov6 &e n &edne& s(r ne " (oho6 >e sp$ nie &e v"'cny v d=s0ed-u snov pohy!ov D6 n druhe& s(r ne6 >e po op -ov no# in3or#'ci$ >iv/ sen o!r'"-y pre(rv'v &% & po pre!uden$ -o poLo!r "y poLpoci(y #=>e. *ie-o2-o v0 s(n T 0.ie [s-%senos(i pr$rody6 vi"u'0ne6 s0uchov6 chuD (/- &%ce s h0'si Grui(huisen v y pr$spev-ov Physio<nosie E u(o<nosie 787G. Pp. GMS 33 G8Q6 -(or Burd ch v y 3y"io0E<ie ,,,6 s(r ZQR C. ?Y00er v y po&edn nie o ph n(.Ges #' s MQ reprodu-ov D 1i s(o1ne. * s0edu&%ce pr$-0 dy oso!n' s-%senosD hovor$6 H. ?eyer v y 3y"io0E<ie nervov/ch v0'-ien s MN9. "#o* som &o sne & temne , 7/ke 7do*ie &ed)a kan2*o&, & ktor'c( ka*ne &ode a -ierne tiek*a, /ra/, tam pri8ie* troc(, s&et*o .*te mops a 8teka* na m=a n2si*ne t'm, .e (ro/0, .e ma /no&a ,(ry/n7+, a a som sa br2ni* ro&nak' od , s2m, ke_ sk2ka* dobre, &.dy pri8ie* po e(o bok, o tom som sa preb,di*, bo*o ,. ce*kom asn s&itania, a &ide* som ne ak7 dob, &/n28a &'ra/no, -ierno, obra/o&7 stop, na mops*0k pred mo imi o-ami. Inokedy som sn0&a* o spo*o-nosti: /m<tok bo* pestr' a s*,.obn0ci be.a* s Teebrettern tam a sp<+: 1/a* som si *en eden, ktor' s &e)ko, obratnos+o, k d&er2m &y8ie* do oka, ke_ som sa /ob,di*, bo*o ,. 8ero, a po/re* som sa na ne ak7 dob, temn7 imaDe s*,.obn0ka, ktor' sa kona* na -a "podnos & ne akom pre"o(n,t po*o(e, predo mno, . Jodobn' a& som ma* o kap,c0no&, ktor' dr.a* /bra= & r,ke. Tieto paobra/y sa mi / a&i* ako &8etky temn tiene s okra oc( emne &yb*edn,t. " Po(o#6 1o (o &e (ie> pr vdepodo!n6 >e "'s dn/ ro"die0 #ed"i nedo!rovo2n%6 2 h-o prech'd" do snov6 h 0ucin'ci$ pred " sp n$# " n'hodne <enerov n Sinnesph n( s#en se-ci AF !yD " 0o>en 0en n (o#6 >e odr "y od sed die06 -(or
su##i( psychophysic 0 h0 vn hri de2 pod pr hov% hodno(u v sp'n-u " !er' 6 (o &e do "#ys0ov o!0 s(i s$die0 su##i(e n d pr ho#6 -eT hore6 " -(or/ch !/v 0/ #o>no vy-on D & pri pri!0$>en$ - sp'n-u s'#. To vysve(2u&e6 >e ($ nedo!rovo2ne s 3 n( s(ic-/# snov/ch o!r "ov6 (o & v pr$p de6 >e nie s% sny6 hr D do pre!%d" &%ceho s >ivo( 6 v. -6 ($(o s% ur1en svo&vo2n "dru>eni pod2 "'-onov !de0o# s( ve.
7L*. Ps'%ho/o1or %k5 kon1 n6 1' a 3 skon1 n6 1'. Ps'%ho/o1or %k5 S16(!nba6 sv!1. Xo3 ) &s'%ho&h's %s &r$ro3n!" ( ,o)o( ! a n+bo4!ns1va .
A-o ur1i( v/chodis-o " n s0edu&%cich6 v "'vere vo v"di 0en/ch vyh0i d-y s(r (iD vy(v'r &%ci6 %v hy6 vid$# n s0edu&%ce o!y1 &n/ s%!or6 -(or/ !ude # D po(re!n vysve(0iD hin"u"u3YLdu&%cich s-u(o1nosDou v rovn -% do!u od=vodnen6 &e (ie> i#p0i-ov n/ch s-=r6 " predpo-0 du6 # 0 !yD6 v pr$p de6 >e 3 -(y6 !y v.e(ci >i dny in/ v/-0 d vyu>i(ie6 -o v &eho s( ve. ?en('0ne Cedno(n/ &ednoduch/ s( vi n 3y"ic-o# po(ru!i 6 po(ru!i D h' 3y"ic-y psychic-y dohro# dy do Uni3or#6 *or# 06 0e!o spoU &ednoduch.ie. ,n poved nP #en('0ne &edno(n/ &ednoduch/ s% v/s0ednic 3y"ic-e& ro"# ni(os(i6 3y"ic-e& odrod &e &edno(n' &ednoduch' v/s0ednic . Ment2*ne Xednotn2 a Nimp*e sa &y/na-, 7 ak ?niform s2m e st2*e sp2 a &'ra/n7 &<-8in,, / ktor'c( &8ak po&edomie o prepo en0 a*ebo prepo enia &edomia ako nie-o identick(o Xednod,c( e /0ska&an2, ako sa po/er2te na ednot, &edomie, ednota my8*ienky m5.e &ys&et*i+ a*ebo &'ra/ &8ak 7p*ne ednod,c(' neobsa(, e &'ra/n7 &<-8in, &iac, a edin' pr&ok pre spo enie, a*e ani &<-8ie prepo enie e ednod,c(8ie, pre ktor' ednod,c(' /&,k, farba, &5=a Nensation Jr0k*ady ,de*i+. ?ntriftiD -asto /amie=an2 abstraktn ednod,c(os+ &edomie s ednod,c(os+o, ce*(o bet;n, d,8e, /byto-n pod)a m5 (o n2/or, (ypostati/es o ednod,c(' /a sk,to-n7 d,8e&n podstaty. Bo0 so# po#ocou op 1n/# s#ero# s( novis-' & ( - vyh0'si0 v - pi(o0e MS6 >e duch6 du. 6 princ$p prepo&enie n 3y"ic-e& "os( venie ro"o!r (ie se-vencie &e6 pripo#$n &%ce I- pi(o0 MSF6 o! v/r "y rovn -/ s%!or vecn sp0niD6 !y !o0o #o>n (u6 rovn -o -o pred(/# !yD 2 hos( &n6 -(or/ " nich chce vyu>$v D. F -(y6 -o &eho "'ver !y so# s n (o po"rieD6 v -o# "#ys0e s% pochopi(e2n6 (ie(o druhy s% ,den(ic- &edno( vedo#i s( vi n -o#po"i(n/ 3y"ic-o# sys(#eL)heK d=vody6 -(or s% uveden v - pi(o0e MS Io s$d0e du.eF6 v s-u(o1nos(i neu#o>Uu&e6 !y (o !o0o pov >ov n 0en -o von- &.$ p0'.D &ednoduchho du.e sed d0'. S o!o# po0ovic #i #o"<u6 si #ys0$#e6 >e &ednoducho s iden(ic-/ch !odov v o!och sie(nice6 vid$#e 0en &ednoduchK* &&ednoduch.ie v0 - #ys0eni &e po -o#po"i(n/ch in.(i(%ci$ v n .o# #o" ne& -o #us$ !yD osci0 1n/ ch r -(er6 !e" (oho6 !y6 >e s#e s (rochu 0$.i od - >de& 3'"e osci0'ci$. R="norod Un(o0d &ednoduch' v=U chuD poci(y nedovo0$ psychophysic 00y repre"en(ov D6 - s#e nechce0i vidieD &ednoduch v/s0ednic r="nych -o#po"i(n/ch procesov6 -(or spHU &% pod#ien-y pod2 (oh(o ro"die0neho "0o>eni . A-o>e &e (o po(o#6 >e &edno(n &ednoduch #en('0ne v/s0ednic "'vis$ n 3y"ic-o# po(ru!ie6 po(o# &e is(6 " druhe& s(r ny6 >e nie v.e(ci 3y"ic-y )o#posi(e6 & -eT p (r$ do -oheren(ne& v se!e (e0esn/ch sys(#ov6 ide ru- v ru-e v &ednoducho# du.evne& v/s0ednic . Bi u> .( nd rdi"ov n/ do &ednho6 &e "'0e>i(osDou viery6 pre(o>e s #=>e(e op/( D6 1i nie &e n -oniec ce0/ sve( d' &edno(n% du.evn v/s0ednicuK 0e po(o# n'# ch/! spoU vedo#i (oh(o pr$s(ro& . Prv/ "o v.e(-/ch #o>nos($ o!0 s(i ch vedo#i s 0$.i v r="nych 2ud$ "vier (6 !e" oh2 du n ich (ie0 1 s(i rovn -ho v.eo!ecnho sys(#u s% h#o(n !ody6 -(or n "/v #e -r'(-e pov hu. Po(o# s & n T 0e& 0$.i v - >do# 10ove-u "vier ('#6 r="nych "#ys0ov/ch #od 0$(6 v o!0 s(i (v're Ge( s(es (ie> ( - ro"die0y v p #5(i #=>e(e op5D ro"0$.iD nie-o2-o s%!e>n/ch poci(y s% reprodu-ov n. V.eo!ecne p0 ($6 >e >ivo( - >de& 2uds-e& du.e "vier s &edn 0o o nespo1e(n #no>s(vo 1i s(o1ne spo0u>i(i 6 1i s(o1ne po se!e id%cich ro"o"n (e2n & vy6 0e & ce" rovn -/ ce0/ 3y"ic-/ sys(# >ivo( s%visi cich v pries(orovo 1 sovo. Pre s(ru1nosD !ude#e r di o! pr$p dy &e od0i.u&% s (u vy#ed"en' -o psycho#o(oric- -on(inui(y dis-on(inui(y. aon(inui( 6 poved"#e6 s !ude -on D6 po(ru!ie &e &edin/ 3y"ic-/ 0e!o psycho0o<ic-/ v/s0edn/ &ednoduch6 dis-on(inui( 6 - &e od0i.n/ p0ur 0i( -o. V (o#(o oh2 de6 0e & "re(e2n/ v51.in e.(e v &edno(-e v.eo!ecnho povedo#i 6 0e!o & v vedo#ie6 -on(inui( v.eo!ecne&.ie vedo#ie " hgU preru.enie &edine1n/ch & vov nie. Cednou " n &d=0e>i(e&.$ch o('"o- %0oh psychophysics &e (er " ur1iD uh0y poh2 du6 " -(orho pr$p d psycho#o(oric- -on(inui(y dis-on(inui(y doch'd" . Bo "'0e>$6 >e r="ne or< ni"#y # &% ro"vedenho vedo#ie6 ( - do!re dohro# dy !e" oh2 du n ich (ie0 vis$ v.eo!ecne& pov hy6 -o s% die0y #ed"i se!ou6 0e spo0o1ne6 h0 s - >dho or< ni"#u do &edno(nho vedo#i . Ce nesporn6 #=>e#e poved D6 >e v"D h die0ov v or< ni"#e &e vi c in($#ne -o u or< ni"#ov v pr$rode. A0e 1o &e vi c in($#ne spo&enieb Ce #o>n (ie> vy(voriD v"D h - !so0%(ne& ro"die0b A nevy- "u&e pov hu ce0-u6 ( - & pos( vy v pevno# s-upens(ve6 e.(e un0js! reren6 prepo&enie6 pre(o>e - >d/ or< ni"#us v Uo#b Rovn - o('"-y s op -u&% v - >do# or< ni"#e. A-o (o "'vis$ n (o#6 >e s#e s 0$.i s r="ny#i (v'ri T s(nerven3 sern r="nych #ies( ch vo ves#$re6 " (i 2 1o v.e(-o vs(upu&e do rovn -ho v0'-n 6 "os('v nedi3erencov ne&K !e" oh2 du n (o6 0e r="ne nervov v0'-n 6 ( - s n$# s%visi cich v #o"<u6 -o s% 1 s(i rovn -ho nervovho v0'-n #ed"i se!oub Op5D p0 ($6 >e #=>e(e vy(voriD vi c in($#ne spo&enie n (o(o (vrdenie6 0e op5D6 !ude podo!n pu0(Lo('"-y op -ov D6 -o &e uveden vy..ie v s%vis0os(i s ce0/#i or< ni"#y. Ce nesporn6 >e %0oh 6 -(or' &e - dispo"$cii (u psychophysics6 -o e.(e >i dny os(r/
rie.enie schopn6 0e #=>e !yD v.eo!ecnho h2 dis- s (o do!re6 v d=s0edn spo&enie s6 1o o v"D hu #ed"i v.eo!ecn/#i oso!i(n/#i & vy vedo#i v ZG - pi(o0 . !o0 "ri den'. Pre(o so# s vysve(0iD rovn -/ & n sys(#e6 -(or/ pou>$v ( #6 1o !ude !s(r -(n repre"en('cie ( - v/hodne&.ie -o sch# s'# ur1$ "o s(r ny druhe& s(r ne &e ( - neur1i(/ -o n .e "n 0os(i pod#ieno- o('"-u. A- #ed"i r="ny#i or< ni"# #i u- "u&e6 >e preru.en' -on(inui( vedo#i 6 n "'-0 de -(orho #nohosD "v0'.(nych & vov spo&en/ch v rovn -e& du.e &edno(-yK !e" oh2 du n (o6 0e v.e(-y or< ni"#y s% prepo&en v.eo!ecne& pov hy do &ednho sys(#u6 #=>e (o !yD n p$s n/ 0en n (o6 !y psycho#o(oric- 1innosD nie &e si h od nich rovn -/# sp=so!o# pod2 pov hy6 -o &e v nich6 &e (o6 >e s% v ich von- &.ie pr$rody6 0e!o do-onc 0en o ne& - nervov/ sys(#6 -o v.e(-y ch/! &%ce 0e!o >e -0esne pod pr hov% hodno(u6 -(or' s us-u(o1Uu&e n "'-0 de rovn -ho princ$pu6 " s( venie psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y &ednoducho "n #en' # Oi#'0nu hH!-u pod pr ho#. V (o#(o oh2 de6 s (er " -/-o2ve- sys(# psycho#o(oric- 1innos(i6 -(or' &e spo&en' s v.eo!ecn/# 0e!o pri#'rne vedo#ie6 pros(redn$c(vo# hri de2 6 h0 vn/ hri de2 #=>e preds( vov D6 >e s &eho vrcho0e ur1i(% hr nicu6 pre-ro1i pr hov% hodno(u6 s#e 3y"ic- pripo&enie v.e(-/ch psychoL3y"i-'0nych sys(#ov pr$rody s ich psychoL3y"ic-/ dis-on(inui( v rovn -o# 1 se ( - #=>e preds( vov D6 >e s#e "o"n # v.e(-/ch v0ny v -on(eO(eK 0e nie vy..ie6 0e #=>e !yD pripo&en/ pod pr hov% hodno(u6 pod2 (e&(o sch#yP Tu6 d D k 6 b 6 c
(ri or< ni"#y6 1i s-=r psychophysic 0 h0 vne& v0ny (roch or< ni"#ov6 9# pr hu. Bo s (/1i n d pr ho# - >dho v0nov/ch vrcho0ov s v"D hu&e n se! nesie ve2 vedo#i K 1o &e pod hr nicou6 -(or' odde2u&e !e"vedo#ie -o podporn pri vedo#$6 0e s('0e udr>u&e 3y"ic- spo&enie #ed"i ni#i. V.eo!ecneP - &e pripo&en/ psycho#o(oric- h0 vn/ hri de2 n d ich pr h6 ( - s !ude -on D &edno(-y (o(o>nosD h0 vnho vedo#i (/#6 po(o# -0esne n -on(eO( psychic-/ch & vov6 -(or po1%v 0 1 s($ (e&(o v0ny vedo#i . * pro(i (o#u6 - nie &e6 0e!o v s%vis0os(i h0 vne& v0ny (esne pod pr ho#6 po(o# ro"vod pre!ieh s%visi ce vedo#ie o v"D hu vedo#ie n vedo#ie neeOis(u&e6. A0e!o v s-r (-eP h0 vn vedo#ie &e nepre(r>i(/ 0e!o preru.ov n/6 &edno(n 0e!o dis-r(ne6 v "'vis0os(i n psycho h0 vn/ch .'ch(6 -(or s% pred#e(o# - ne#u6 -on(inu'0ne 0e!o dis-on(inu'0ne s% n d ich pr h. Pod2 (oho is(ho h2 dis- -o u ro"veden/ von- &.$ch pr$rodn/ch or< ni"#ov6 -(or nie-edy pred dor "i0 ud 0osD n s( ne sp0ynu0 2ud$6 -(or/ch #o"<y nie s% v spo&en$6 - h0 vn/ hri de2 " ich psychoL3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 &e nesporn6 v ich nervovo# sys(#e6 0e!o do-onc 0en #o"o< n d pr ho#6 #i#ochodo# " r s(en ( ->e or< ni"#us (/- &% i! pod pr hov% hodno(u. To !y s( 1i0o6 ce0% v0nu 6 b 6 c ... !y v sch#e6 ( ->e s v0ny >2 !y v pr$rode (r5(en
s hor #i s%1 sne ce" pr h6 oni !y 0en depresie " rovn -ho n d pr hov% -on(inu'0ne v0ny v0 - (vor$6 dis-on(inui( vedo#i v pr$rode !y s pre#eniD n -on(inui(u. *e#=>e#e re 0i"ov D. Bo0o !y (ie> s( 1i0o6 !y s " s di0 spo0o1ne n hory6 ( ->e %do0i !o0i vynech n6 hory sp0/v &%ce n d pr ho#K ( - dis-r(ne vn$# &%ce or< ni"#y !y !yD &edno(n' vn$# v/ or< ni"#us. Ani (o ne#=>e !yD re 0i"ov n' 2u!ovo2ne #u> K 0e (o &e s #o o se!e re 0i"'cie ne&.Ceho dve po0ovice6 vpr vo v2 vo s% spo&en (/#(o sp=so!o#K do-'" D #no>s(vo se<#en(ov S(r 0(ieres in/ch "vier (6 -(or de0i(e2n/ e.(e -o #=>u !yD pripo&en. ?us$(e ho v s-u(o1nos(i i! "novu odde0iD6 (& v0o>iD 1 sD pr$rody pod hr nicou #ed"i ni#i6 0e & ro"!iD op5D v dvoch c$(i cich !y(os($ pre se! . A- chce(e " s( viD preds( vu o (o#6 -o s% & vy v (/ch(o eOperi#en(och sep r'ci 6 "die2 # (u nie-o2-o pripo#ieno-P Bonne( &e &edenF " &eho po&edn nie XPo"orov nie sur mue0dues esp}ces de Vers d[E u Douce6 dui -up p r ?orce uO6 deviennen( Au( n( d[A*,?AU: -o#p0e(y Xs
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oeuvres d[his(Erie. n (. T. A&66 7SS9. P. 7QS 33
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chor 1 s(i #o"<u6 -(or sp=so!u&% ce" ich s%vis0os(i s n ru.en$# "dr vho duchovnho >ivo( od "dr v. ;nov 6 (o(o &e v pods( (e vysve(0enie6 -(or Friedreichov v -(orho H nd! d v.eo!ecne P (ho0. psych. ar n-hh. S. Z9S6 nie-o2-o pr$p dov (oh(o druhu s% "os( ven6 s% (o. Vi c pri #o6 nie-(or podivn pr$p dy (u #=>u "$s- D6 - "r neni # #o"e ('(o v/hod &e po(re!n pov >ov D v (o#(o pr$p de " rovn -ho #ies( 6 &e (rep nnin<6 " predpo-0 du6 s$ce "n$>enie #o"<ove& su!s( ncie6 ne>i duce (0 -6 #o"o< si (rpe06 ne> !y #oh0o !yD ve2#i do!re "ni>u&e6 s v/hodou ovp0yvUu&e in(e0e-(u'0ny # &e(o- . V s-u(o1nos(i u(rpe0 &edno(0ivcov6 u -(or/ch !o0 (en(o v/hodn %spech dodr>i v D s(r (ou #o"<u 0'(-y6 s-=r s !o0es(i h0 vy6 s(rnu0osD 0e!o snov pods( (e6 1o v.e(-o !y #oh0 ve2#i do!re "'vis$ n (0 1 n #o"<u. M2m a pr0pady, ktor patria sem na8ie*, kto e nat & /2kone no&embri. tera/. II, TMa: _a*8ie & se&ero"americ. med ban. Xo,rna*. , 1[T`. Xan,2ra s. Z1T: tret0 & Carresi Ne*ecta, Niena 1[T` december IF.: 8t&rt miesto & *!Instit,t. 1[TM. n 1Ta o/n2men. Ce (o 2 h- preh0i dnuD6 n pr$-0 d v pr$p de "ni1eni #o"i " 0e!o ved2 se! 6 &e 0en nev/"n #n/ ro"die06 1i sp0i(Lo33 -us &e "ni1en/6 0e!o nie6 &e (ie> ire0ev n(n pre>i0. a dispo"$cii &e i! ro"die0o#6 >e ( # #=>e !yD %p0n odde0enie ce0ho sys(#u ( -6 !y o!e 1 s(i pre>i(i u 2ud$ nie &e6 rovn -o -o u n$"-o "vier ( #i. O-re# (oho6 v o!och pr$p doch s "hodu&%6 >e pred ro"de0en$# c$(iD dvoch 1 s($ s(voreni v &edno#6 po#'h D v du.evne& v/-onnos(i6 0e (ie> #=>e !yD s%1 sDou u&sD T 0.$6 n prie- (o#u s('0e rovn -6 0en s0 !.ie6 du.evn/ v/-on -o ( # pred(/#. Ce (o(i> nesporn6 or< nic- spo&enie s #o(n/ch die0ov &e &ednou " pod#ieno- pre !/v nie " chov nie - >dho &edno(0ivc 6 pre(o (ie> " chov D psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y n d pr ho# &e prispieD6 0e vo vy..$ch (vorov6 -o s% so0id ri( &e ove2 si0ne&.ie -o v po-orn/#. ?oho0 !y o!e po0ovice ro"-o0u v po"dH>ne& osi 2ud$ do-onc e.(e T 0e& >iD6 (o "n #en'6 >e !ude & n T 0e& eOis(ov D v dvoch po0ovici ch ce" pr h n psychoL 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 ( ->e !y s#e !e"pochy!y rovn -o do!re "dvo&enie 10ove- -o "vier ci du. pros(redn$c(vo# odde0eni v prie1no# vhodn/ch repre"en( ($vnych po0ovice #o>no dosi hnuD6 -eT s#e n ich dosi hnu(ie u "vier ( odde0en$# po se!e id%ce "odpoved &%ce se<#en(y &e schopn/. A0e !o0o !y ne1innos(i #ys0ieD ve2 o (o#6 -o s o!e po0ovice ro"de0enho 2udi !ud% spr'v D v pos#r(no# >ivo(e6 pre(o>e pr$p d ne#o>no re 0i"ov D. Ce nepochy!n6 >e !y s v rovn -o# s( ve #ys0e6 rovn - vy! venie6 vedo#os(i6 spo#ien-y6 rovn - vedo#ie6 & spus(enie6 v s%0 de s6 0e -eT pri.0i v r="nych pod#ien- ch6 vyv$& D in -. ;d' s 6 >e - (o#u6 !y s#e !o0i v ro"p -och o (o#6 1o spe-(6 # 0i !y s(e # D %spechy eOperi#en(och .(iepenie n n$"-o "vier (. ;d' s vy(vori dve du.e "
vyde0en$# (e0o6 pred -(orou vise0 du.u do. T ->e pos(up ne"d' s 6 >e vy-on'v nie ro"hodnu($6 in -6 ne> >e s du. &e ro"de0en' n dve 1 s(i (e0 . A0e -oncep( &ednoduchos(i du.e nes%h0 si0K u> #'# I- p. MSF6 viedo06 -o (o#u !o0o s%1 sDou -o#p0eOne& n (o#(o -oncep(e poh2 d " &ednoduch/ch du.e #ies( prednosD6 s-=r ne> ro"de0enie du.e pri& D pre!udenie nove& du.e v &edne& " odde0en/ch po0ov$c6 0e (ie> ur1iD6 1o !r'ni s do#niev 6 prid D (o. Vec &e6 >e (o nie &e dosD s !s(r -(n - (e<Erie &ednoduchosD6 "'-0 dn pod#ien-y6 " -(or/ch #=>e du.e prich'd" &% sp0niD. T - &ednoduch6 #=>e(e " vo0 D n du.u6 0e &e is(6 >e in(en"i( &e& vedo#i r s(ie #=>e "n$>iD6 "os(upu&e n po0ovicu "v/.iD n dvo&n'so!o-6 #=>e -0esn%D %p0ne pod nu0ou. Po(o# #=>e(e &ednoducho s-u(o1n/ os(r/ orien( 1n s0ovoK du. s " dvo&n'so!o- (e&(o ro"de0enie (e0 n o!r'"-u6 de0en' in(en"i(ou6 0e s #o>nosDou vyrovn ni odporu " s(r (u in(en"i(y6 >e - >d/ " nich !y u(rpe0 e0i#in'ci 6 -edy reprodu-cie nosi(e2 &e dos( (o1ne ve2-'. ?=>e (o !yD & pr$p d6 >e i! 1 sD " dvoch s #os( (n/ch &ednho n d pr ho# "os('v 6 T 0.ie vr'( ne v.e(-/ch "n$>en'K po(o# &edin/ pre>i&eK ( ->e - si odre" 0 -us #o"<uK 0e!o >e o! & p=vodne -0esn%D pod pr hov% hodno(u odde0eni 6 0e pos(upne s op5D r s( o (o#6 po(o# vs(upu&e do s #os( (ne& vedo#i > po ur1i(o# 1 seK 0e!o >e -o -on(inu'0ne6 ( - -0esne pod pr hov% hodno(uK 0e!o6 >e -eT o!e 1 s(i odde0en6 ( - pre r="ne psychophysic 00y6 -v 0i( s( vu vedo#i n &edno(0iv 1 s(i # &% in/ v=2u. ; -/ch r="nych #o>n/ch pr$p doch6 or'16 ( - #noho s%visi cich po-usov d=&sD6 - h0 v !e" (e0 6 1i u> (e0o !e" h0 vy pri vy..$ch (ried "vier ( 2ud$ !y s('0e poci(6 >e d0h% do!u6 s% "'0e>i(os(i6 o -(or/ch s dis-usie v - pi(o0e MS. nie s(e is($6 e.(e ro"hodn%D. ?y " (i 2 vie#e ni 1i psycho#o(oric- pohy! n d hr nicu v -/ch-o2ve- >iv/ch (vorov s #=>e ro".$riD do #iechy6 & -eT #=>u !yD "$s- n " h0 vy o (o# po odde0en$6 ni - ro"die0y eOis(u&% #ed"i r="ny#i (ried #i "vier (K #o>nosD r="neho v/-0 du6 ( - d=#yse0ne s% eOperi#en(y vy-on'v n v prie!ehu ;or n dis-usie6 ( - s('0e "os('v . ?ed"i .(iepnych procesov6 -(or # &% ro"si h0y "dvo&n'so!enie du.ou d=s0ed-o# 1 sD "roden$ 10ove- vy..$ch "vier (. ,! (o(o "dvo&n'so!enie &e (u (/# nie &e schopn'6 >e dv podo!n su!sys(#y6 -(or s v"D hu&% - pr hu s% odde0en6 0e >e ( -(o pod pr ho#6 or< ni"#us dieD D &e odde0en' od n pr n d pr ho#6 (/# odde0enie doch'd" 6 & ce" pr h.Von- &.ie podne(y s% n o" & #ed"i pod#ien- #i6 -(or s% schopn "dvihn%D ni-oho inho6 !y disponier(es sys(#u ce" pr h6 -o pre!udenie do- "u&e6 "o sp'n-u6 pre(o &e odde0en' dieD 6 !e" oh2 du n Uo# u"nesen$# v"D hu s # (-ou >ivo(n/ s( v s ods(r'ni6 0e &e schopn/ s pre!udiD do (oh(o odde0eni . V ni>.$ch >ivo1$chov s #ies(o p0odenie pros(redn$c(vo# p=rodov 1i s(o1ne do!rovo2n ro"de0enie ce0ho or< ni"#u n d pr ho#6 ro"die0 #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# pr$p d#i6 T 0e& (ie> nie &e v pods( (e !so0%(n . To2-o " po#erov psychophysic 0 -on(inui(y dis-on(inui(y h0 vnho vedo#i n pries(orovo# v"D hu. Ter "6 v. -6 ( # &e s('0e -on(inui( h0 vn vedo#ie pros(redn$c(vo# pos(upnos(i 1 su6 -(or/ &e rovn -/ -o po-r 1ov nie (o(o>nos(i 0e!o &edno(-y vys0oviD ce" prie!ehu 1 su od=vodnen -on(eO( srie po se!e & vov
v rovn -o# du.e pre - >dho &edno(0ivc "v0'.D. Tu si #=>e(e n'&sD (o " r'> &%ce6 >e do1 sn po(openie h0 vnho hri de2 v sp'n-u pod hr nicou >i dny "odpoved &%ci preru.iD -on(inui(u h0 vnho vedo#i v &edno(0iv/ch pr$1in6 -o pries(orov -0esne pod pr ho# #ed"i &edno(0ivc #i6 pre(o>e s-=r po - >de& nove& pre!uden$ nov vedo#i v n dv5"nos(i n s( r poci(. Ten(o ro"die0 #=>e !yD p$s n/ s pr vdepodo!nosDou6 >e -#i( nie - >dho !odu psycho#o(oric- prev'd"-y neus('0e "os('v n #ies(o s #o o se!e6 " (i 2 1o pries(orov -on(inui(e6 pre(o>e6 povinnos(i s( noven v eO -(n/ch vied nevyhnu(n pre s( (uierenden (o#is(ic-% dispo"$cie h#o(y v se!e nepre!ieh 6 pre(o 0en do (e& #iery -on(inui(y v0ny n d pr ho# #=>e !yD -'-o2ve- o('"- 6 -de por d$ 1 s($c psychophysic 00y6 !y s n d hr nicou nie &e preru.en/ (ie pod hr nicou6 -de !ud%cnosD6 !y (o !o0o e.(e presne&.ie s( novenie nie-(or/ch po"os( (-ov. Rovn -o -o -on(inui( h0 vnho vedo#i &e preru.en/ v o!do!$ od po(openi psycho#o(oric- h0 vnho hri de2 v sp'n-u6 #'0o6 -o &e (o#u v pr$p de prechodu n %p0ne r="nych veci ch6 "#enou 3or#y6 -o "o s-%senos(i (/# do-'" D6 >e or< ni"#us po-r 1ov 0 <ehends o!novene& #e( !o0i"#o#6 (e0o s( rho #u> 6 v.eo!ecne od v.e(-/ch os( (n/ch "hrnu( v in/ch 3or#'ch veci ch6 - &e dieD !e" -on(inui(y h0 vnho vedo#i &e ne& -/# sp=so!o# preru.en/. *ie-edy s%6 1o #=>e#e uro!iD "'>i(-y i! n "n'#e sp=so!y6 -o (o(o -on(inuu# #=>e !yD do re>i#u sp'n-u do1 sne !e"vedo#i du.e -0es'6 0e nie v"d D -on(inui( !/v 0ho vedo#ie p0i-'ciu po - >do# pre!uden$ &e (o(o>n/ s s( re&6 sys(# nove& h#o(y6 !/v 0/ vedo#ie po-r 1u&e " chov'v rovn -. Pod#ien- spo1$v v (o#(o pr$p de. Du. #=>e $sD n 1 se v prie!ehu nie-o2-/ch 3y"i-'0nych sys(#ov n 0'(-y vy(v'r %p0ne od0i.n/K A0e nevynech'v &(eK 0e nov veci #us$(e " d D s( r psychoL3y"i-'0ny sys(#6 v. -6 s( r %(e-6 rovn -o -o v #e( !o0i"#e pos(upne de&e6 0e!o s( r/ psycho#o(oric- pohy! #us$ !yD & contin,o n pre(e-y n nov/ch veci ch6 "r "u s s( ne6 -o v "#ene po"ornos(i. Jotom nas*ed, e d5*e.it' /2&er m5.e st'ka+. My8*ienka, .e sme bo*i da+ do prec(od, na b,d7ci .i&ot na in'c( p*antac(, s*nko, a*ebo &o &/dia*enom &esm0re, to e, .e n28 d,8e&n' .i&ot b,de na_a*e &yc(2d/a+ / &y88ie ,&eden(o &yp*'&a, tam d,8e&n(o .i&ota, nem2 dno. 9*e & pr0pade, .e e b,d7ci pokra-o&anie e6istencie, oni m5., *en bod, /isti*i, .e (*a&n' (riade) / n28(o psyc(o"fy/ick(o systm,, k, ktore na8e (*a&n &edomie, /2&is0 na die*y do po/emn(o systm,, na ktorom /2*e.0 tera/, a*ebo tam, kde e tera/ presa(, e pra( na in -asti a*ebo &/dia*ene 8e -asti to(to systm, pre d7 & contin,o, ak mo.nosti disk,to&a+, a*e nie e miesto t,. Po#ery -on(inui(y dis-on(inui(y6 -(or pre h0 vn hri de0e s us-u(o1n$6 #=>e !yD op -ov n/ pre &eho h r#onic-6 s% - ne#u di3erenci'ciu nonLdi3erenci'cie &e s #o"re&#e (o6 1o &e v #ys0i6 !ude s(/- D. H0 vn/ hri de26 1o s #o o se!e n d h0 vn/# pr h 9# s%visi ce6 0e #=>e niesD h r#onic- pod ich 0i#i(n' "#" s v"D hu&%K pod2 n s0edu&%ce& sch#yP RF
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Ten(o di <r # preds( vu&e "!ier-u h r#onic-/ch ce" pr h v rovn -o# s#ere s v/.-ou v0ny6 -(or/ &e odo!r (6 >e h r#onic- #=>e rovn -o do!re pre-ro1iD pohy!o# v op -6 -o rovn -/# s#ero# 1i s(-ov/ch vHn pr hov/chK (o6 1o &e d=0e>i(6 nie &e (u.
To v.e(-y h r#onic- a 6 b, c ... n d rovn -e& h0 vne& pr hov hodno(y spo&en s h0 vnou hri de2o#6 prir Tu&e6 n "'-0 de (oho is(ho h0 vnho vedo#i 6 0e >e s% (ie> dis-on(inu'0ne n d v0 s(n/# pr ho#6 >e #=>u !yD ro"0$.en v r'#ci (e&(o h0 vne& vedo#ie. Do-onc & s-=r I- pi(o0 MZF Uro!i0 so# (en(o n'"or uviedo0 vo v"D hu ro"si h0y# poci(y. V in(en"$vny -o (Eny6 diver<enci #=>e visieD p=so!en$# po"ornosD - ne#u. A- "odpoved &%ce v0'-n sie(nice6 !y i! rovn -/ poci(6 nie dv 6 -eT o!e po0ovice #o"dy spo&iD i! v #ys0en$6 -(or s%6 (o "n #en'6 >e 1innosD s #us$ v"D hov D nie0en n h0 vn% pr hu6 0e & n d horn% hr nicu v nich. Ce (o(i> nesporn6 dis(ri!%ciu du.evne& v/-onnos(i n dvoch iden(ic-/ch po0ov$c #o"ivo1$chov6 v51.inou " se!ou6 0e!o sy#e(ric-y v -ruhu o!&edn D podo!n/ch se<#en(ov v ni>.$ch >ivo1$chov6 &eho d=0e>i( (e0eo0o<ic-ho v/"n #e6 &e (ed pr$-0 do# pre !e"po1e( spo0o1ne pr$-0 dy #o>no n'&sD v or< ni"#e v " ri den$6 -(or' s n &ni>.$# #o>n/# Au3\ nd pros(ried-ov6 # Oi#'0ne v/hody s% dosi hnu(6 s rovn -/# " ri den$#6 !ude v51.in %1e0y #usi !yD sp0nen s%1 sne. Pre(o>e (o(o " ri denie po sp0nen$ %1e0u6 -(or/ "r nenie ne#=>u 2 h-o ro"0i.ov D du.evn% in(e<ri(u (/#6 >e 1 sD repre"en('cie6 s #i #noho "vier (6 pre op5(ovn uchy(enie n hr denie in ( #K " druh6 >e s vys-y(u&e v ni>.$ch >ivo1$chov -o &eden " pros(ried-ov n pre reprodu-ciu du.e6 on ro!$ (re($ v s%0 de so "'s d #i6 -(or s% vyv$& n v - pi(o0e G76 &e #o>n pos-y(n%D psychoL3y"ic-% -(ivi(u vi c s d nou s d"!ou6 1o6 - &e n #ies(e 0e!o pr$0i. # 0/ pries(or !ude 3un<ov D s%s(reden/6 & -eT s #o"re&#e predpo-0 d 06 -(or/ e.(e nie &e preu-'" n6 >e p0 ($ pre dis-r(ne vn$# &%cich h2 d$s- pre & contin,o "os( D vn$# v/ p0 (nos(i. PoT#e " vrieD %v hy6 >e s#e s - n'.#u sch#y v (o#(o s-or.ie h0 vn #es(o6 s('0e e.(e s nie-(or/#i %v h #i o n &vi c v.eo!ecne& pov hy6 " -(or/ch #=>u !yD vhodn v spo&en$ s (/#i n !ud%ci - pi(o0e6 !y (o n ve2-o# ro"s hu psychophysics6 predv$d vos(i .
* .e h0 vn hri de2 6 n -(oro# "'vis$ n .e h0 vn vedo#ie6 vy-on'v D hri de2 6 n -(or/ch "'vis$ n .e .peci'0ne & vy vedo#i . A0e ne#=>e s pov >ov D " h r#onic- v51.iu h0 vnho hri de2 n .e h0 vn hri de0eb Fy"ic-y s% n o" &6 pre1o nie psychophysic 00yb pre(o>e v.e(-y 1innos(i n po"e#n/ sys(# #=>e !yD repre"en(ov n/ v r'#ci sch#y ve2- v0ny6 n -(or -(ivi(y sys(#y &edno(0iv/ch or< nic-/ch !y(os($ s% 0en # 0 h r#onic-K 1innos(i sys(#ov r="nych ne!es-/ch (e0ies s% op5D 0en h r#onic- v.eo!ecnho sys(#u ce0ho hnu(i pr$rody. Hier rchic-' .(ru-(%r 6 -(or' po-r 1u&e do n's6 &e & n T 0e& #i#o n's. Ter "6 -eT s% h r#onic- s% v n's6 -(or% od0i.n & vy vedo#i s% "'vis0 n n's6 0en o!1 s ce" ich pr h6 0e s('0e n d n .ou h0 vnou pr hov% hodno(u6 nie s% h0 vn hri de0e6 n -(or/ch "'vis$ n .e h0 vn vedo#ie6 0en o!1 s ce" ich pr h6 0e s('0e !yD h0!.$ h0 vn pr hb To !y so se!ou nies0 6 >e do n'.ho h0 vnho vedo#i ni v.eo!ecne&.$ &e6 >e n . 0en ( - " hgU -o &eho .peci'0nych v0 s(nos($6 -o &e (' n . 6 v por d$6 &eho 1r(y p (r$. D=s0ed-o# (e&(o de3in$cie vedie - n'"oru v. depr$(o#n/ v pr$rode6 vedo#ie Boh 6 v -(ore& s% v.e(-y duchovi >i&%6 pohy!ov D6 s%K -o s v nich6 s ne!es-/#i (e0es #i ind\e00in<6 individu'0ne du.evn #ed"iprodu-(y #ed"i n$# n #i6 -(or cre (ure0y duchovi rovn -o prepo&en -o &edno(ne& #edveT s #y o se!e6 pre(o>e s% podporov n$ v !o>s-o# duchu6 -o cre (ure0y duchovi vr c &% do svo&ich "#ys0ov -ruhoch (o nosiD svo&e "v0'.(ne poci(y v se!e. Ten(o poh2 d #=>e !yD T 0e& ro"v$& n podporov n n "'-0 de n 0E<ie v"D hov6 -(or ude0i0 u> preds( vu&%ce hier rchic-% .(ru-(%ru 10ove- s #o(nho. To #' v/h2 d n n .e& T 0.e& eOis(encii po s#r(i nie-o2-/ch s(r'novo v"D hu. ;v0'.D v !0$"-os(i &e n s0edu&%ci spe-(P CeL0i o!r " v n .e& #ys0i6 spo&en s h r#onic-/#i6 po(o#6 1o s-on1i0 v o-u s('0e ponech'v Erinnerun<sn ch-0 n<6 -(or/ vs(upu&e do v.eo!ecne&.ieho vy..e& r$.i spo#ieno- #y.0ieno- vo v.eo!ecne& 0e!o h0 vn vedo#ie6 #=>e#e veriD6 >e nie1o6 1o "odpoved' sp0n$ n .e h0 vn hri de0e 6 " predpo-0 du6 >e s% s #y o se!e h r#onic- n d spodnou hr nicou6 >e n'. duch ( - po s#r(i vs(%piD do vy..e& r$.e duchov v Bohu. A& (en(o n'"or #=>e !yD T 0e& ro"v$& n podporov n n "'-0 de n 0E<i$ s%vis0os($6 -(or pre"en(u&e n'. >ivo( v (o#(o sve(e. A0e &e (o6 -o >e (er " s-=r "'0e>$ n pr$rodne& 3i0o"o3ie n'!o>ens- v/h2 do# do pr$rody6 -o vec psychophysics6 -(or/ &e schopn/ pos-y(n%D 0en v/chodis-' po(o#6 1o s0edov 0 i! &e& s%1 sn/ s( v. V de( i0e n'&de(e (ie(o n'"ory v #o&e& -nihe X;end Aves( 0e!o veci ne!i pos#r(no# >ivo(e " h2 dis- v/h2 do# do pr$rody.X M. Tei00e. 78R76 -r (.ie v nove&P X* du.u o('"-uX v ro-u 78QN6 preds( vov 0. ; 1i (o- prv pre(e-y -(u'0neho p$s# # &% 0en spo0u s %v h #i uveden/#i v (/ch6 -(or$ vyvinu0iK ( s #o"re&#e (o #=>e !yD6 >e vedie &e sp5D n ich ces(e sp5D - n'"oro# vy& dren/# ( #.
7L*I. O1+)ka &ovah' &s'%ho&h's %a, &oh'b6.
U> #=>e#e (ie> vyspori d D s h0 vn/#i pro!0# #i vn%(orn/ch psychophysics > do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 !y !o0o nu(n T 0.ie predpo-0 dy o pov he psychophysic 0 pohy!u6 ne> >e "die2 & 3y"ic-ho pohy!u6 v.eo!ecn/ch pod#ien- ch 3y"ic-e& -(ivi(y6 ( - podo!ne6 0e n "'ver6 o('"- ich pr$rod s('0e pov >ov D podro!ne&.ie v nie-o2-/ch s0ov'ch. T'(o o('"- &e ro"de0en' v pods( (e n dve 1 s(iP 7F ?o>no vy-on D i! pohy!y ur1i(ho su!s(r'(u6 du.evnb GF ?=>e vy-on'v D psychic-e& 0en pre ur1i(/ (yp6 uspori d nie6 3or#y pohy!ub Bo s (/- prve& o('"-y6 ( ->e si #=>e(e spo#en%D6 (o # &% #noh$ si #ys0e0i6 >e psychic-' pod n s( viD ve2#i eO-0u"$vny su!s(r'(6 -(or/ &e pr've ur1en' 0en pre vy-on'v nie psychic-e& pod-0 dove& pohy!y6 !e" pou>i(i nie-(orho " "n'#y 3y"i-'0ny s% iden(i3i-ov n su!s(r'(y #=>u6 vy s(e Su!s(r'(y (o pr vdepodo!ne us di0i n'"ov nervov/ (er. H0 vn/# d=vodo# &e pr vdepodo!ne (en6 -(or/ s(e si #ys0e0 nie-(or/ "o "n'#ych 3y"i-'0nych 1ini(e2ov 0e!o su!s(r'(y !yD nosi(e2#i psychi-yK &ednoducho nevidi 6 1o ne"n'#y 3y"i-'0ny pros(riedo-6 &e po(re!n "n$>iD in - & pri 3y"ic-o# pries(ore6 #oho0 uro!iD vi c6 n 1o &eho du.evne& #'<ie - odpo1in-u. Av. -6 - #'(e poci(6 v" du " r du 3y"i-'0nych 1ini(e2ov %p0ne6 ( - &eden dos( ne %p0ne v (#e6 v s0ove6 1o (o # 0o "n #en D6 ni 3y"ic- 0e!o du.evn6 ponech'v "'-0 dn% po>i d v-u psychophysics s'#6 1o &e6 >e psychic- "#eny 0e<'0ne s (e0esn/# s%visi ceK Tie> s dr> D pohro# de6 !y %1inne s ni#iK prid nie su!s(r'(u sp5D do hyperL3y"i-'0ne& o!0 s(i6 ( ->e nero!$ ni1 in6 ne> n'# vy(i hnuD -o!erec " pod noh #i6 #'#e. ;os('v nesporn6 !e" p'du n ve2#i v.eo!ecn n'"ory6 -o s#e si (o n s( viD v %vode (e&(o pr'ce6 nie1o nevysve(0i(e2n6 v - >do# pr$p de v o!0 s(i psychophysics do-onc 6 >e s dr>$ i! 3 -(ic- spe-(y6 nie &e vysve(2u&%ce Roy 0 v (o#6 -o nie-edy 3y"ic-ho pod-0 du #=>e !yD &eho sp=so! pohy!u dopr vcu6 ( - 0en eO(ern/ s(i#u0'(or & vov vedo#i K 0e Er-05r0ich-ei( s ne"vy.u&e6 0e ( &o#s(vo 0en prid'v n ( &o#s(vo vi c6 - chce#e vyro!iD nov/ 3y"i-'0ny 3 -(or -o svo&u "'-0 dUu6 !e" (oho !y !o0 schopn/ ur1iD6 1o ro!iD (o vhodn/6 -o (ie os( (n ( -6 !e" T 0.ieho d=vodo# pre # D svo&u eOis(enciu6 -o vysve(0iD6 >e &e po(re!n vysve(0iD6 1o (/# nie &e v s-u(o1nos(i. Po"n #en &#e T 0e&P -o &e supponier(e "v0'.(ne nervov/ (er prich'd" &% do nervu6 -o s nech D rovn - s#r(i6 po-i 2 s ne&edn' o v.eo!ecn/ dis(ri!%ciu nervov or< ni"#ov6 &e s('0e vyrie.en/b A- !y novo s(vori0 prv/ -ur"6 - pos0edn/ priechodb Po(o# pres('v !yD 3y"ic-. V.e(-y (ie(o D >-os(i s% ch/! 6 - &eden predpo-0 d'6 >e pohy!y rovn -e& v.eo!ecne& (eru6 -(or s .$ri od von- &.e& pov hy6 -o s% or< ni"#y6 -(or #=>u niesD " ur1i(/ch o-o0nos($6 sp0nen n n .o# or< ni"#e6 pod#ien-y6 v.eo!ecn vn$# nie & vov vedo#i . Tie>6 (o &e si poh2 d n v51.inu " (/ch6 -(or$ nie-edy # &% & sn/ n'"or o (/ch(o "'0e>i(os(i ch. Prednos(ne !y s ne#er (e2n% <en( pred ponder !0e su!s(r'(ov v (o#(o (vrden$6
#=>e#e !yD sp=so!en n s0edu&%ci#i !od#i. S-%senos($6 s#e povinn$ "v'>iD nervov/ sys(# -o h0 vn' r%r n .ich psychic-/ch & vov. Av. -6 "ri denie rovn -/ nie &e vhodn6 podo!n pohy!y # (eri'0ne & -rv s odohr'v v n .ich >i0'ch6 u#o>Uu&% v. - ni1 ne!r'ni pri& D --o2ve- pohy!y n i#ponder !e0n <en( v Uo#. V"ru.ivosD v.e(-/ch nervu e0e-(rinou6 nie-(or do-onc & sve(0 (ep0 6 n "n 1u&e6 >e n d.enie pohy!o# hry ,#ponder !e0n s #o(ne& (ie> (/- #i"ivK & vy e0e-(ric-/ch r/! .(%di$ Du!ois[schen poch'd" &% " in/ch "dro&ov prid n' podporn'. Tie> s o!& v$ nervov/ sys(# i! -o dop0no- - o!ehovho sys(#u6 1o vedie dropp !0e -v p 0iny d/ch cieho sys(#u6 1o vedie vo v"duchu6 - ve"#e#e do %v hy6 >e ve2 ro"hodo0 preds( viD #ies(o pre pohy!y n #i"iv <en( . ; druhe& s(r ny6 0e nes#ie s " !%d D n s-u(o1nosD6 >e #o0e-u0'rne vi!r'cie ponder !0e !yD 0en vy0%1en pod2 pov hy nervu6 -o #i"iv6 >e s v sys(#e ponder !0e i#ponder !0e die0ov6 -(or nie s% do!re s #=>u -on D -#i(y &edne&6 !e" (oho !y ( -'(o vy-on'v D inK T 0e&6 >e nervov/ sys(# #=>e pr cov D !e" %1 s(i o!vodu nie6 "v/.en' -(ivi( rovn -ho "v/.enou -(ivi(ou o!ehu udr>i v D ( - che#ic-/ch procesov predpo-0 d'6 v -(oro# # (eri'0ne 1 s(i nevyhnu(n s%D >iDK -one1ne6 >e pov h podne(ov ro"hodu&e ni1 nervy #=>u !yD !uden #ech nic- che#ic- podne(yK ( - &e #o>n 0en sedieD pohy!o# i#ponder !0e -o o \ei<h !0e \ei<h !0e pohy!o# #i"iv pros(ried-y v pohy!e. Ver$# pre(o6 >e ( # s% s-%senos(i >i dne ro"hodu&%ce d=vody od- "u&%ce n 1innosD nervovho sys(#u v.eo!ecne6 (ed & psycho#o(oric- -(ivi(y ich v/hr dne - #i"iv. A0e !ude # D & n #i"iv "'s(upco# prednosD6 (o !y e.(e pr vdepodo!ne&.ie6 >e (o nech'pe# o "v0'.(nosD &eho pods( (y6 0e i! v ich sp=so!u pohy!u6 ( ->e "T 0e- ( - r/ch0e -#i( nie e.(e ( - r/ch0y pohy! <ener'ci$ v o!0 s(i ch # (eri'0ne& "n'#ych -o #i"iv. S-u(o1nosD6 >e " psycho#o(oric- e0e#en('rnych v"orcov6 h#o(nosD "#i"ne i! s( v pohy!u &e pri& (' IT. ,,6 - pi(o0 7QF. Ce6 v s-u(o1nos(i6 ve2#i pr vdepodo!n6 >e podporu&e predpo-0 d6 >e (o "'0e>$ n v.e(-o#6 0en o s( ve pohy!u v (e&(o o!0 s(i. O-re# (oho &e #o>nosD nie &e s(ri-(ne poprieD6 >e # (eri'0ne ne#er (e2n% 0'(-y s% ich pos0edn' prv-y s ne0$.i v "'vis0os(i n 6 "vy.o- s #i ich ro"die0y i! n pod#ien- ch uspori d nie pohy!u. Po-r 1ov D v i#p0e#en('cii do#nien-u o (/ch(o !odoch6 !y !o0o "!y(o1nK 6 ke s( 1$6 !y s pripo#$n " #o>nos($. V - >do# pr$p de6 & -eT #i"iv 0'(-y !y # 0i # D prednos(n hodno(u psycho0o<ic-/ch & vov ich pohy!u sp=so!o#6 # (eri'0ne !ude v>dy n &d=0e>i(e&.ie v/"n # pre or< ni"'ciu sys(#ov6 pri1o# (v r (/ch(o pohy!ov ur1en/ch. A s #o"re&#e6 v !ud%cnos(i v.eo!ecne& # (e# (ic-e& ver"ie o!och6 or< ni"'cie hnu(i 6 !yD ne"'vis0/ n v"'&o#ne pochopiD "v0'dnuD. Po - >do# poh2 de #=>e#e #i0ov D su!s(r'( du. "os('v ro".$ren/ po ce0o# sve(e prepo&en spo0o1n/#i si0 #i do sys(#u6 druh' o('"- &e pred n #i &e6 1i Psychic i! n ur1i(/ (yp6 uspori d nie6 #=>e s( noviD 3or#u hnu(i . Pre(o>e vie#e6 >e pohy!y6 -(or s% s-u(o1ne vhodn pre prepr vu & vy vedo#i 6 0e &e po(re!n i! po(op$(e pod ur1i(ou #ierou >ivos(i6 !y vedo#ie " ni-'K ( - n'# pon%- (/#(o prirod"ene #o>nosD &e6 #no>s(vo vedo#ie6 vr'( ne eOis(encie
neeOis(encie do!re po1u(e2n i! n #no>s(vo6 nie6 !y s 6 0e v "'vis0os(i n -v 0i(e psychophysic 0 1innos(i6 (o s-=r 0en s -v 0i(ou & vov vedo#ie v s%vis0os(i d D. Po(o# !y - >d/ pohy!6 v -e&-o2ve- 3or#e6 n -(or su!s(r'(ov (ie> doch'd" pri. i# s ich r/ch0osDou !uT prv/ 0e!o druh/ o!&edn'v-y I - &e #ed"i MN MG po - pi(o0e6 ni vo2! F6 presi hne ur1i(% hodno(u6 &e prispieD - vedo#iu6 &e6 !y n .e 0e!o in veci6 0e!o v.eo!ecn povedo#ieK --o2ve- "v0'.(n 3or# pohy!u6 (& &eho in(er -cie por d$ por die r/ch0os(i o- #ihov v po"$cii vy-on D psychic-e& 3eno#n spo&en/ 3or#e6 -eT prich'd" &%ci v (e&(o podo!e o- #ihov spo0u pre-ro1$ ur1i(% hodno(u ve2-os(i. T -/# sp=so!o#6 !y u.e(ri0i s#e -%"0 6 >e ok,*tn k&a*ity, -(or i! (en 1i onen v/ni#o1n/ 3or# cvi1eni &e u#o>niD du.evne& v/-onnos(i6 &e v.eo!ecne6 nie0en 1 s($c u 2ud$ "vier ( p0 ($6 psycho3y"i-y s% #o>n s "odpoved &%ci#i v/"n #y6 -o #'#e <ener'0 6 p0 (n pre ce0/ sve( 3y"i-y #ech ni-y. Bude#e s-%# D "'-ony psychophysics u 10ove- #=>u preniesD do sve( . Vedo#i nevedo#i vo sve(e !ude " s(upov D i! v dvoch pr$p doch rovn -ho v"orc 6 -(or/ &e (ie> ro"hodu&%ce pre ich v"D h ich prechod do se! . T -/(o pr$s(up is(e ne#o>no preu-'" D in - -o ude0en$# p0ne& spo-o&nos(i v nie-o2-/ch vyspe0/ch psycho3y"i-y. Ten(o d=- "6 ne#=>e# spus(iD hneTK 0e ver$#6 >e (o povedie - pos(upn#u ro"vo&u psychophysics se! s #/ch6 ich prv/ po-us6 u" vrie# s (ou(o v"di 0enou vyh0i d-ou.
H s1or %k5 a &r$s,6#!ns1vo. 7L*II. H s1or %k+.

F -(y v o!0 s(i ch psychophysics !o0i po"orov n od nep #5(i6 ne#o>no hovoriD o ur1i(e& " 1i (-u (e&(o do-(r$ny ( - T 0e-o. A0e - !y so# # 0 " vo0 D nie-oho6 n &prv vy-0 d D r d ( -/ch(o s-u(o1nos($6 -o#!inov n6 prid 0 e.(e (o2-o nov/ch s-u(o1nos($ v ( -o# )onneOion6 -(or' psycho3y"i-y !o0 ri den' n ces(e s( D s%dr>n eO -(n' ved 6 ( - vede06 C ni1 in -o EH @e!er po#enov D6 (o nie0en -edy # 0 n #ys0i6 s v51.iu preh2 dnosD v51.ie v.eo!ecnos(i6 ne> -/-o2ve10ove- pred n$#6 >e &e (u po0e pre ro"#ery vor0ie<e6 0e & ('(o #y.0ien- s vo v51.e& #iere6 %spe.ne&.$ ne> nie-(o prinieso0 ho vy-on D. O-re# o!oh (enie psychophysics #noho "v0'.(nych 3 -(ov6 #y #u d0hu&e#e prv/ "'roveU & sn (rochu v.eo!ecn vyh0'seni o psycho#o(oric- -on.(i(%cie s s-%senos(n pro! 1ne& %spe.n p0odn i#p0e#en('ciu #e(Edy #er ni ci(0ivos(i ( -#er v.e(-/ch -ruhov poci(u6 -(or/ pre S( novenie (oh(o "'-on s s'# podie2 0. Ceho vy.e(rov nie &e 1i s(o1ne v &eho JAKLA9MM9 Co**ecta, FAS). ,,,6 v ro-u 78R76 1i s(o1ne "os( ven/ " (oh(o #noh/ch ro".$ren/ Ido(0 1 " @ <nerove&
3y"io0o<ic-ho s0ovn$- F6 -(orho n'"ov &e pr$0i. %"- pre ich o!s h v &eho pr'ci n do(y- "#yse0 pre -o#uni(u. *ie-(or dop0n-y #o>no n'&sD v spr'v ch o S chs Socie(y6 78RG6 s(r 8R n s0 V ro"s hu6 v -(oro# &eho in3or#'ci$ po-usy n psycho#o(oric- -on.(i(%cie6 us di0 so# &eho #eno6 n'-up6 s% in3or#ov n$ o #ne v - pi(o0e 96 rovn -o -o os( (n .iro-/#i " s0%>i predch'd" &%cich po"orov (e2ov n "is(enie (oh(o "'-on 6 (o -o Bou<uer6 Ar <o6 ? sson6 -ry.('0 0ie1enie6 -(or s v.e(-y v"D hu&% - vn$# niu sve(0 6 !o0 n vrhnu(/ v de( i0e. A- !y (er " "$s- D -o#p0e(n his(Erie psychophysics s% uveden (o2-o #ien !y !yD uveden6 -(or s prip%( D - odh dnu(e2n vy.e(rov n$ v o!0 s(i psycho3y"i-y. A pr vdepodo!ne #ed"i n &nov.$#i v/s-u#n/#i pr covn$-#i v.eo!ecne dohodnu(6 He0#ho0("6 pre(o>e &eho #noho d=#yse0n/ch .(%di$ v/"n #n/ch o!& vov v o!0 s(i sve(0 6 Sch 00es6 nervy6 u1enie6 Du!ois &eho #eno predov.e(-/# pre svo&e prie-opn$c-e v/s-u# pre!ieh &%ce v nervov/ch sys(#och e0e-(ric-/ch s$0 pod2 druhe& .(%die6 -edy s vyu>$v &% " (i 2 0en vo 3y"io0E<ii6 0e r " !y # 0 !yD (ie> &edn/# " n &d=0e>i(e&.$ch do-u#en(ov6 vn%(orn/ch psycho3y"i-y. Do (oh(o p$s ni 6 v. -6 po-i 2 #o>no od- "u&e n psycho0o<ic- #er nie #er d0 6 o!#ed"$# & 3o0<ends6 1o rovn - &e predch'd" 0 6 -(or sp=so!i0 s'# ur1i0 &eho prie!eh6 !y # 0o !yD & sn. EOperi#en('0ne precedensy rovn - v (o#(o oh2 de # (e# (ic-e& v/s-u#n$-#i Bernou00i uveden/ch u> v preds0ove - prve& 1 s(i (oh(o do-u#en(u I+ p0 ce6 PoissonF6 Eu0er IHer! r(6 Dro!ischF6 S(einhei0 IPo<sonF &e pripo#$n D6 " predpo-0 du6 >e rovn - s% v.e(-y # (e# (ic- 3un-cie pri1o# psychic-e& 3y"ic-e& pre#enn s% spo&en v "#ys0e "'-on @e!er6 s u> d'vno u#ies(nen Bernou00iho v"h2 do# n "'vis0osD 8+astie mor2*ky n 8+astie posta&e, Eu0er6 po-i 2 ide o "'vis0osD poci( s(%p ni vi!r 1n/ch 3re-venci$6 -ri.('2ovo u"dr venie V"h2 do# ve2-os(i hvie"dy6 -(or #=>u !yD pre0o>en do ve2-os(i poci( 3o(o#e(ric-/ch hodn=( hvie"d. Princ$p Bernou00i6 po-i 2 ide o "'vis0osD 8+astie mor2*ky n 8+astie posta&e, prv/ v ro-u 7SM8 " 0o>en' Bernou00i6 Th ,6 s GMQ dis-u(ov 0o6 n's(upn$c(vo6 -(or Bernou00i v Uo# + p0 ce Poisson n'&den/ch #ys0enie !o0. ?o>no &e (o divn6 (en(o princ$p (u pre psychophysics v (vrden$6 -(or/ch cie2o# &e n'&sD. V s-u(o1nos(i6 v. -6 (o #us$ !yD dos( (o1ne v.eo!ecn' 3or# ich s% podri den. Pre(o>e8+astie mor2*ka "n #en'6 0e6 -o u> (vrdi06 n pos0edy ni1 vi c6 ne> &e po(e.enie6 -(or #' du.u von- &.$ch po"e#s-/ch s( (-ov6 n 8+astie posta&, 6 -(or' "n #en'6 >e s %1innosDou od !e" (oh(o po(e.enie6 !/v 0/ #' pre(o %p0ne n #ies(e poci(u6 druh/ " podne(u6 K (ie> 8+astie mor2*ka %p0ne v rovn -o# "#ys0e -o 3un-ci 8+astie posta&e 0ie1en/ch Bernou00i6 -o vn$# #e poci( podne(u6 (o &e (en is(/ "'-on6 -(or/ o!e spo&en. S( novenie 3un-cie pre "'vis0osD poci(u ro"s(upo# in(erv 0ov po#ery 3re-venciou Eu0er &e v Tentamen no& t(eoriae m,s 7SM9. p SM s( ne6 ( - 0en ro- nes-=r6 -o pri pr$pr ve Bernou00iho Principes. *es-=r Her! r( 7F p0 ($ !e" oh2 du n Eu0er rovn -#u poU (ie hudo!n/ch in(erv 0ov6 (o n -oniec Dro!0sch GF " 0o>en nie0en n &e nov vo v.eo!ecne& rovine6 0e & "'u&e# o (o is( op -ov ne "d=r "ni0 vi c
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Pr$pr v 0o< ri(#ic-e& 3un-cie v "'vis0os(i n (/ch(o v"D hov &e odvo0'v 0 s n v.e(-y v/s-u#n s #o"re&#e nes( 0o " poh2 du psycho0o<ic-ho op (reni 6 0e pod2 in/ch 1 s($c p0o.neK !o0 od (e& do!y (ie> nie &e " 0o>en n psycho0o<ic-e& %rovni6 -(or/ s 2 h-o vysve(0iD pov hu vy.e(rov ni pr$p dov6 -(or vied0i vy(voreniu (e&(o 3un-cie. T ->e6 s #o"re&#e6 >e v pr$p de6 >e 0o< ri(#ic- v/r " pre "'vis0osD 8+astie mor2*ky n 8+astie posta&e s%1 snho -o v r'#ci v.eo!ecne& du.evne& ? Aprin"ipe #o>no pov >ov D uvedo#i06 >e (o(o #use0 !yD od=vodnen/ ni " druhe& s(r ny6 0e ne#=>e !yD od=vodnen s-u(o1nosDou. ?er nie vn$# nie hudo!n/ch in(erv 0ov v "'vis0os(i n ich "'vis0os(i n po#ere 3re-venci$6 -edy !y #oh0o !yD d=vodo# s #o"re&#e6 pre(o>e poci( "vu-ov/ch in(erv 0ov6 v/ni#o1ne in/ch psycho0o<ic-/ch pre#enn/ch6 ich op (reni #' u> s'# o se!eK *i-(o 0e 0 -eD6 n -(or p 0cov s% u> odde0en6 #us$ !yD #er n r="ne n &prv h2 d'6 -de nie s% odde0en. * #ies(o (oho s (ed #oh0o &edn D (u6 !y s usi0ov 0i o #ieru psychic-e& i! o 3y"ic-/6 (o !o0o 0en -%piD u> n se!e ne"'vis0 v"h2 do# - 3y"ic-e& psychic-e& %rovne do druhe&. T ->e %0ohou Eu0er &e v s-u(o1nos(i !o0 6 -o (o6 1o pred vs(upo# do (oh(o v"D hu6 po -on"u0('cii s po#er#i poci(6 hovor$ Is(r. SGFP XEO duo in(e00i<i(ur6 in(erv 00u# i( esse de3iniendu#6 u( si( ?ensur dis- Ri#ini in(erL SoUu cu(iore# e( <r viore# X6 sn >$ s u-'" D6 !e" oh2 du n "v'>enie pod#ieno-6 vi!r'ci$6 >e s%1e( 1 sovho in(erv 0u #ed"i po"n'#- #i 9 #, b c n in(erv 0e #ed"i c #o>no n s( viD rovn -'. Tie> Her! r( Dro!isch (o6 >e -o # (e# (ic-ho v"D hu #ed"i poci(o# in(erv 0och vi!r'ci$ pod#ien-y pou>$v ni 6 0e !e" h2 d ni #ieru i! prv/ v Uo#
vyu>iD (en(o v"D h v ich # (e# (ic- psycho0E<ie " h2 dis- psycho0o<ic-ho ro"#eruP 0e &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e En(\ic-e0un<en " Dro!isch o!s hov D v.e(-o6 1o s d' vyvodiD pre v/u1!u hudo!n/ch in(erv 0ov n &#5 " (oh(o v"D hu. V "#ys0e (oho6 1o hudo!n in(erv 0y6 &e pr vd 6 "e in(erv 0och hvie"dnych ve2-os($. )vi1en o-o s(ronE#ovi !o0i schopn$ ur1iD pre T 0.iu v/ni#- (ie(o in(erv 0y & !e" "v'>eni "'-0 dn/ch 3o(o#e(ric-/ch pod#ieno-K (o ne!o0o 0en n'&sD #ieru poci( sve(0 6 0e i! &eho v"D h - 3y"ic-/# ro"#ero# uveden/# os( (n/#i vyu>$v &% pr -(ic- pre s(ronE#iuK po -onven1n/# sp=so!o#6 !y 0ine up hvie"dnych ve0i1$n6 vy& drenie (oh(o v"D hu s do-onc 0en v op 1no# "#ys0e6 -o !y # 0 !yD pr$p d6 v/"n # sens (ion op (reni !y si pri 0 (o6 " predpo-0 du6 >e hvie"dne ve0i1iny -0es' po(o#6 " (i 2 1o 3o(o#e(ric- in(en"i(y "v/.iD. Po(o#6 #o>no poved D6 >e pro!0# #en('0n di#en"i !o0 ro"pus(en' v is(o# "#ys0e6 s-=r6 ne> u"n 06 -edy !o0o rie.enie u> " hrnu( do v/- "u 0o< ri(#ic-e& 3un-cie pod2 vy..ie uveden/ch v/s-u#n/ch pr covn$-ov. A> do ur1i(/ch #ed"$6 s #o"re&#e6 i! K pre(o>e -on'h0e !o0 ro"(o- s (/- i! nie-(or/ch o!#ed"en/ch o!0 s(i ch !e" spe-(ov 3 -(ov6 -(or !y !o0i povo0en "ov.eo!ecnenieK" druh6 rie.enie !o0o " 0o>en 0en v/hr dne n pr've n @e!er !e" oh2 du n o!#ed"eni uveden n rovn -e&6 !e" princ$pu "ov.eo!ecn$ ( -/ch pr$p doch6 -edy nie &e #o>n up0 (niD (o(o pr'voK Po (re(ie6 !o0 d n' - (o#u6 podne(o# ro"die0ov/ pr h6 op (renie i! pre "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y6 nie &e !so0%(n sen"'ciou vn$# n ro"die0y v d=s0ed-u nedos( (-u do %v hy6 T 0e& 0en n s( viD n ro"die0 v"orec6 nie &e #er nie v"orec Un(erschieds# A3or#e0K .(vr('6 ( # !o0 nedos( (o- uh0ov poh2 du6 previesD #er nie 0e!o ? Aprin"ip " von- &.e& do vn%(orne& psychophysics (/#(o "'-0 dn/ch spe-(ov pre (ie(o v0 s(n Pod2 (/ch(o v"D hov6 n pr$-0 d (/#6 >e presne&.ie ur1enie ro".$renie psycho3y"ic-/ch #e(Ed #er ni 6 ver$#6 >e psycho3y"i-y !o0 ro".$ren' v (o#(o do-u#en(eK s (ou(o eOp n"iou6 #noho nov/ch perspe-($v6 0e "'roveU nov pro!0#y6 s o(vori0i6 >e s% n p dnu($ do is(e& #iery (u6 -o "'-0 dn' .(ru-(%r sen"'ci op (reni 6 .(%die6 n -(ore& vn%(orn 3y"ic- ro"die0y s% "'vis0 n #en('0ne ro"die0y r="nych "#ys0ov/ch o!0 s($6 " s(%penie nie-(or " h0 vn/ch pod#ieno- vn%(orn psycho3y"i-y6 0e e.(e "T 0e- -o#p0e(n rie.enie. Po(o#6 &e pr vdepodo!n6 >e pon%- D ne& -/ "'u&e# do-onc & nie-(or !ody n'u-y6 1i hovor$# nie1o !0i>.ie - " 1i (-u " ri denie6 -(or " ce0e& (o(o vy.e(rov nie. A- chce(e " 1 D s porovn n$#P d &#e (o#u6 nie-(o6 -(o s(o&$ n -ruhovo# o!vodeK s po"er' n &ednu vec6 &e (o -r=1i- od nehoK 0e s(o&$ chr!(o# pro(i ne#u prech'd" ce0ou d0hou -ruhu6 > n -oniec dor "i0 po pre-on n$ #noh/ch pro!0#y v (e&(o o!0 s(i6 s %> so# vid$6 >e s( 1$ o(o1iD6 !y !o0i rovn -6 s #o"re&#e6 nie &e %p0ne rovn -/ s 6 >e (o6 1o si #ys0e06 >e n prvo# #ies(e. To s #i s( 0o s pries-u#o# n psycho0o<ic-/ ro"#er. A0e - #=>e# ces(e ces(ov 0 so#6 >e ne!ude 2u(ov DK pre(o>e ('(o ces( d 0 so# si uvedo#i06 p0n d=s0ed-y ? Aprin"ips 1o -r'(- ces( "o "'-on @e!er Eu0erov v"orce ne!o0 schopn' v.eo!ecn du.evn ? Aprin"ipe. Bo s (/- Po(o# so# s #use0 vr'(iD6 po-i 2 ide o (o vedie vpred.
Od nep #5(i6 poh2 d n "'s dn sys(#ov souvisicich #ed"i (e0o# du.ou odd n/ (o(o "o!r "ov nie v podo!e dvo&i(ho uvere&nenie rovn -ho d=vodu !y(i 6 -o so# vysve(0i0 v prve& - pi(o0e (oh(o do-u#en(u s(ru1ne preds( vi0 s #i v prie!ehu p$s ni scen'r I;endLAves( F6 -(or/ &e " 0o>en/ n (o#(o n'"ore6 %0ohou &e n'&sD 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i (/#i(o dvo# re>i# #i6 0e!o in/#i s0ov #i6 "odpoved &%ci# sp=so!o#6 -o 3y"i- 6 "'vis0osD po#er F rL!yD in(en"i(e sve(0 6 ihris-o %rovne (Enu eO(ern/ch 3y"ic- pod#ien-y n .ie06 ( ->e rovn -' ur1iD vn%(orn 3y"i-'0ne pod#ien-y6 -(or poci( pri #o spo&en. Po prv6 po"ornosD - v/u1!e -v n(i( ($vnych po#erov6 - s 3y"i-e ro!$ v.e(-y s(upne -v n(i( ($vnych v"D hov "'vis$6 !e" (oho6 !y do(er " # &% & sn% preds( vu o ro"s hu psycho0o<ic-/ch pre#enn/ch6 n &prv so# si #ys0e06 pre(o>e in(en"i( du.evne& 1innos(i !y po-o&ne #oho0 "#eniD v si0e ich "'-0 dn 3y"ic- -(ivi(y6 -(or so# ns5he ich -ine(ic-e& ener<ie6 #er n6 nerovno#erne. Ten(o n'p d so# pren'. D so se!ou d0h%K 0e oni pri.0i - ni1o#u6 n -oniec so# nech 0 0e> D. *es-=r so# pri.ie0 vysve(0iD nie-(or "'-0 dn v"D hy #ed"i (e0o# du.ou6 #ed"i ni>.ou vy..ou duchovnou po#ero# #ed"i ri(#e(ic- r dy ni>.ieho vy..ieho r'du sch#y Ipo"ri ;end Aves( ,,6 MMZFK pre rovn -/ %1e0 pon%-o0 s 6 >e v nie-(or/ch oh2 doch do-onc vhodne&.ie <eo#e(ric-/ r d preds( vu&e #y.0ien-u6 #ies(o 0en sche# (ic-6 " ur1i(/ch pod#ieno- pr vdepodo!ne i0us(r'ciu6 0e nie ( - ce0-o# .(r &-u&%ci repre"en('cie vyhr D v/r " pre re'0nu v"D hu "'vis0os(i #ed"i du.ou (e0o#6 (0 1$ # pr$p d "novuK 0e sch# <eo#e(ric- r dy (er " # viedo0 IGG o-(E!r 78RN r'no v pos(e0iF6 -(or (rochu v'<ne %v hy o po#erne& "v/.enie 3y"ic-e& >ivo(ne& si0y6 0e!o , v pr$p de6 @ &e >ivo(n' si0 6 #er nie r s(u spo&enho in(e0e-(u'0 !y in(en"i(u. T - (o -oniec6 n p d0o # 6 >e v pr$p de6 >e -ine(ic-' enere !yD #y.0ien- v"ni-0 s1$( n$# ich !so0%(nu ;u\Ychse ur1i( po1i (o1n hodno(y6 pr vdepodo!ne du. 6 -(or' "hrnie po#ern% ;u\Ychsen 3y"ic-% -(ivi(u vo svo&o# pr$!u"no#6 psycho0o<ic- in(en"i(e -o ,n(e<r'0ne !so0%(ne& du.evne& ;u\Ychse !y #oh0o !yD pov >ov n6 -(or' p (r$ - pri#er n/# ;u\Ychsen n 3y"ic-% s(r'n-u. Cedn 0o s o "'-0 dn v"orce 6 -o in(e<r'0 rovn -6 #er nie v"orce o- #>i(e. A-o prv po(vrdenie so# si v.i#o06 (en rovn -/6 >e "is- " vn$# ni sve(0 - >dodenne& s-%senos(i " os('v " posi0nenie 3y"ic-e& sve(e0nho s(i#u0u v>dy s oh2 do# ;u\Ychse !yD vn$# n/ s0 !.ie n podne(y6 - >d/ si0ne&.ie podne(y6 -(or v"ni- &%6 !e" (oho !y so# do-onc presn vy& drenie (oh(o s-u(o1nosD v pr've @e!er vede06 ( - 0en os(r/ s-%.o!n/ v"orc &e #o>n. * prie- (o#u s #i "d 0o6 s (en(o prv/ s('0e ve2#i v.eo!ecne6 dr> nie po(vrdenie n r "6 #us$# pri"n D6 o(voriD o!rovs-% perspe-($vuK dnes vid$# (%(o perspe-($vu pred se!ou po pou>i($ (oh(o p$s# 0en # 0/ -ro- !o0 v" (/ v o!0 s(i6 -(or' s o(vori0 . Spo1i (-u so# s o!'v 0 o (o#6 >e poci( po #er n$ v"orc y u> s-=r "#i"ne6 pre(o>e >ivo(n' si0 @ 6 " -(or/ch "'vis$6 " s(upu&e# n (%(o o-o0nosD vo 3eno#ne sp'n-u !e"vedo#i poci(y ro"hodo0 ( -(o nov .(r &-u&%ci po(vrdenie v"orec "is(i06 >e #o& vier v "dr v$ p0odnosD rovn -' v.eo!ecne "v/.i0 . ; (/#(o %1e0o# so# si spo#enu06 " po&edn nie Dro!isch I78ZQF6 >e Eu0er6 Her! r( Dro!isch !o0 n o" & nepri.ie0 n in(en"i(e poci(u6 0e pre #no>s(vo po"n'#o-6 !y v pods( (e
rovn -% 3un-ciu6 do -(ore& so# !o0 veden/ pod2 (/ch(o %v h6 - u> o! & s neo!& vi0 synony#o#6 -o -oniec -oncov6 !o0 podporn/ #o#en( &e ( #6 0e & #no>s(vo (Enov o!s hu&e -v n(i( ($vne #o#en(. Spo0o1n pred0o>enie v/.-y si0y pod rovn -% 3un-ciu6 !y so# !e"pe1nos(i v.eo!ecne s o!& vi0 "'roveU posi0nen' rovn -/. So v.e(-/#i X6 -(or6 s #o"re&#e6 >i dn psycho0o<ic-' op (renie !o0o od=vodnenK 0e ce0' po"orov nie u(rpe0 s-=r nedos( (o- os(rho "'-0 dn -oncepcie pre du.evn ro"#er.Predpo-0 d 0 so#6 >e ;u\Ychse poci( $sD re0 ($vnu ;u\Ychsen >iv% si0u psycho#o(oric- pohy!u 0e!o s(i#u0u&%ce podne( %#ern/K 0e 1o do- "u&e s'#6 ( ->e (o6 1o nie-edy &e 0en po(re!n si uvedo#iD6 >e s chys('(e n ne v po#ere6 ( - d0ho6 -/# ne!ude#e # D du.evn #er d0oK Bo " 0o>en/ n ( -/ predpo-0 d v"orcov 6 ( - d0ho6 -/# (o nie &e (en(o pr$p db
V "o"n #e 3un-ci$ n ihris-u Eu0er &eho n's(upcov6 (en(o pro!0# ne!o0 "v/.en/6 pre(o>e s e.(e s('0e ro!i s dos( 0 do popredi . Eu0erov 3or#u0 s nev"D hu&e n !so0%(ne& ve2-os(i sen"'ci 6 0e n rovn -/ch ro"die0ov6 nie n si0e6 0e n v/.-uK ro"die0y s(%p nie6 0e # &%6 -o u> !o0o uveden6 ve2#i od0i.n od (u ro"die0y v in(en"i(e ich v/"n #ne& #iere s'# o se!eK ni-(o nepochy!u&e o (o#6 >e ro"die0 v poci(e &edne& o-('vy do druhe& &e rovn -e& ve2-os(i6 pou>i(ie (/ch(o cen(i#e(rov hudo!n s(upnice6 s &eho 10enenie &e "n'# - >d#u. Pre(o6 (o !o0o dosD pre Eu0er u-'" D6 >e s%1e( 1 sovho in(erv 0u #ed"i po"n'#- #i 9 #, b c n in(erv 0e #ed"i c #o>no prirovn D spo0ieh D n pri #e s-%senos(i - >dho6 od s s n$# de&e. A0e (o6 1o s-%senosD vyprovo-ov 06 -eT (o !o0o nu(n6 !y s "odpoved &%ce v"D h pre in(en"i(u poci(u v (vrden$ od=vodniD op (reni (oh(o n ri deni 6 -(or' neprispiev s'# v se!e6 v (o#(o v"D hub Vy.e(rov nie S(einhei0 &e n hvie"dnych ve2-os($ ne!o0 "n'#y pre #U 6 !ude (rochu se# s nesie ovocie6 pre(o>e ne!o0 " 0o>en/ n o!och pr'vnych predpisov6 ne> n Dohovore o por d$6 hvie"dne& # <ni(%dy6 !o0 " (oho nie &e preu-'" n6 >e s psycho#o(oric- "'-ony "hodu&eK -o s% -ri.('2ov 0ie1enie s # s &eho v"orec nie &e n s( ven' s pr'vo# @e!er vo v"D hu. ;'-0 dn/ v"orec #er nie v"orec6 - u> n s( ven/6 !y v"n'. 0 s (o ( - poved D e.(e vo v"duchu. Od s #ho " 1i (-u so# h2 d 0 (er " o!(i >nos(i pod2 n s0edu&%ceho po"orov n$ s(re(nu(ie. ;n$>enie "v/.enie pr$p dy6 rodov' rovnosD6 hr ni1n pr$p dy v "'>i(-ov/#i o!0 s(i ch #=>e !yD pos%den'6 !e" (oho6 !y # D ur1i(% #ieru poci(u6 0e n .e pr$pr v-y o!s hu&% nie-(or "'very o ( -/ch pr$p doch6 -o &e poci( "#i"ne n -one1n/ch hodn=( s(i#u0 1n n vyso-e& %rovni s(i#u0 1n/ch pre d n/ "v/.enie s(i#u0u po#erne #'0o r s(ie. Ter " - (ie(o "'very v"orcov s('0e !e" #ieru poci(u n s-%senos(i po(vrd"u&%6 #=>e#e vy(voriD op (reni n (/ch(o v"or-'ch s o v.eo!ecn pou>i(ie v (/ch is(/ch v"D hov i! " predpo-0 du6 pr'v 6 (& spr'vne n's orien(u&%c s s-%senos($6 ro"#erov v"D hy #=>e pre!ieh D #ed"i podne(o# poci(u vo v"or-'ch. Ce (o ( -6 ( -6 poved 0 so# si6 0en ro"hodu&%ce6 n vedo#ie !e\5hr! ren u> !e" #er c$ch "'very v"orcov6 rovn -o -o &e (o #o>n6 n n &#en.iu #o>n% T 0.iu
eOp n"iu6 v pori d-u6 ro"#erov' v"D h #ed"i podne(o# poci(6 -(or/ &e s%1 sDou v"orc pre !erie n vedo#ie6 " chov D. Do-onc & (er " dr>$# (en(o n'"or v pods( (e nie pro(ipr'vne&6 0e ch/! 0 &e&6 -o !y so# s pri"n D - os(ros(i6 >e so# -one1ne I- pi(o0 S6 7S6 M7F n "'-0 de #en('0ne& di#en"ie6 #ys0$(e6 >e n prie- "n$>eniu n po"orov nie pr$p dov >ien #u>ov #ene& "'>i(-ov ro"die0y v r="nych 1 s(i ch s(upnice s(i#u0 pre d 0K Tie> !o0i !e\5hr! ren u> !e" #er c$ch v.eo!ecn "'very v"orcov nie &e ( - ro".$ren T 0e-o vidieD podporov n -o dos( (o1ne pred#e(. ?ed"i(/#6 pos0 0 so# " o!&e-( !o0 do(er " po-ro1i0/ch v ro-u 78RN6 -(or/ pro3 @. @e!er v Gj((in<ene po&edn nie o po>i d 0 o ro"hodnu(ie o (o#6 -de so# u"n nie ve2-ho nedos( (-u v uv >ov n$ vy-on'v n$ o!&e-(6 0e vy& dri0 n'de&6 >e #y.0ien- #=>e X.D s(n/X !yD. Ce nesporn6 ne!ude(e 1$( D !e" "'u&#u pou1enie priechod v &eho re -ciu6 -(or' s s( 0 ro"hodu&%cou pre se! po ce0% do!u prie!ehu vy.e(rov ni . XT - #i (o ro!$ Ip$.e pod " 7G. dece#!r 78RNF &e s%-ro#n' po(e.enie 1$( D svo&u pr'cu6 & so# (o nech D n #U o('"-u %p0ne o(voren' o('"- 6 1o do&e# VyveT pr'cu druh/ch "v'>iD s'# se! e.(e #ene& &e po(re!n pos%diD6 -o T 0e-o ved !ude ( - T 0e& v/"n #ne podporov 0. Bi o (o# so# nie1o poved D6 "d' s #i "'-0 dn' #y.0ien- -o ce0o- vy-on n' spr'vne vn$# v/6 0e & !y so# do ru-y6 s('0e nos$ o! vy hovoriD .D s(n/. ?ed"i r'd6 >e so# pochopiD (o6 . -eT #y.0ien- s "hodu&e s o!& vo# novho F -(y6 -(or s% presn -oncepcie schopn/6 prispieD #y.0ien-e n -on-r(nu podporu #y.0ien- v0nove& (eErie sve(0 6 -o &e uveden' Eu0er6 vo0'# vn$# v/ spr'vne6 0e nie &e .D s(n'6 rovn -/ n'p d -o (o !o0o reprodu-ov n Fresne0 s(re(o0 s s o!& vo# in(er3eren1n/ch & vov6 hovor$# .D s(n'. pr$(o#n vo v .ich pries(oroch6 o!& v ( -ho F -(y #=>u !yD ve2#i nepr vdepodo!n6 0e &e (o #o>n6 o 1o# sved1$ eOis(u&%cu F -(y6 n pr$-0 d6 >e pi (y .(vr(/ n o-('vu -(or dopHU &% h0 vn (re(e& #en.ie (re(e& > pi (e& presne (o s(o&$ ne"'vis0/ n v.e(-/ch -us(ic-/ch (eEri$ n "'-0 de !e"pros(redne& poci( "vu-u. ,! ( -/ F -(y6 -(or/#i s% podporov n (ie(o #y.0ien-y s n o" & oporu vo vede. A-o #' (er " 0e Eu0er ro"vinu0 #y.0ien-u (eErie vHn6 n &#5 pred ( -/# podporn/ch . !0En F -(y6 0en ( - vie(e6 >e v/vo& svo&e #y.0ien-y pou>i(ie eOis(u&%cich povo0en$ pre V .u podporuy S-u(o1n/ %spech v. - "'vis$ n (o#6 1i #'(e (o .D s(ie6 >e podporu&e nov F -(y 1os-oro n'&sD. T - d0ho6 -o (o nie &e (en(o pr$p d6 v/vo& s'# o se!e #us$ !yD v.eo!ecne&.$. X Udre0 n presved1ivos(i (/ch(o d n' (/#6 h0!o-/ vh2 d po"n'#-y6 uspo-o&i0 so# s v (e& do!e6 uvo2nene -r'(-o "die2 D (%(o #y.0ien-u v p$s#e6 -(or nie &e ch r -(er presn vy.e(rov n$ (vrdi06 RF 6 0e h2 d 0 od (e& do!y pre (ie 3 -(is -(or @. @e!er spr'vne n 0ieh 06 !y s #y.0ien- r di6 >e #=>e#e n'&sD d0ho6 !e" (oho !y ( -(o. * -oniec so# si spo#enu06 -o "'s dn/ eOperi#en(y pre presne&.ie do- "ov ni 6 s-=r " 0o>en n vi cer/ch ne& sn/ch %v h6 For#u0 6 -(or' (vor$ v/chodis-ov/ !od #er ni -o "'-0 dn/ v"orec6 (ie(o po-usy so sve(0o#6 -(or #o>no n'&sD i0us(rov n - pi(o0y 9K Ce -o#pen"ov n so# s-oro "odpoved &%ce
eOperi#en(y h#o(nos(i6 -(or # o!s den u> nie-o2-o ro-ovKPo(o# so# "is(i06 >e (o6 1o so# h2 d 0 veri0 0en pr cne6 v -(ore& so# pred(/# preh0i do0 & sn/ v/ros-%senos(n d=- "y o pr'v n (o6 1o (o ro!$ so #nou6 !r (6 -(o #i d 0 (ie @in- 6 u> !o0 pr$(o#n' > ur1i(/ch 0i#i(ovK podpor Vo0-# nn (o6 o!& v eOperi#en(ov ? sson[schen6 v/s0ed-o# .e(reni odh du hvie"dnych ve2-os($6 pri!0$>i0 ro".$riD %"e#ie "'>i(-ov/ch po(vrdenie pr'v @e!er 6 %v h o " ned! n d'(u# - >dodenne& s-%senos(i6 0e n "'vis$ n no1ne& s(r ne du. 6 #' ch/! &%ci dop0no- "'>i(-ov p$so#nos($6 -(or s #i "d 0o po(re!n s( noviD psycho#o(oric- 3un-cie #ier. )ie2o# &e "hro# >diD #e(Edu spr'vnych chy!n/ch pr$p dov #e(Edy prie#erne& chy!y n psycho#o(oric- #e(Edy #er ni vyu>$v D -o ( -6 (/# ro".$riD sp=so! v.eo!ecne&.ieho (vrdeni 6 eOperi#en('0neho do-u#en('cie pod ri0o.
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;end Aves( ,,6 s MQ8
Ter " !y s( 1i0o (en(o n #'h v/ sp=so!6 -o uro!iD preds( vu o du.evne& ro"#er X.D s(n/X. A-o #=>e(e vidieD6 !o0 priechod6 -(or/ viedo0 - du.evn#u ? Aprin"ipe6 v op 1no# s#ere6 -o #' po(vrden% svo&u pre"en('ciu (u. Bo0 (o spe-( vn%(orne& psychophysics6 -(or vied0i - prve& 3 -(y o von- &.$ch psychophysics " 1 0i 0en u(rpe0 dcrs-u spo0o1nosD n podporu (/ch(o n'"or. Tu &e v/s(up spredu &e prev" (/ od von- &.$ch psychophysics (rv &% i! nie-o2-o -ro-ov do vn%(orn/ch psychophysics !o0o uveden do neho. c0ohou !o0o spus(enie nie &e " h2 dis- &e n'&sD psychic-e& %rovni6 0e usi0ov D s o 3un-1n/ v"D h #ed"i 3y"ic-ou psycho0o<ic-ou6 -(or/ v.eo!ecn v"D hy "'vis0os(i preds( vu&e (o is( p0 ($ & pre se! . Tu &e psycho0o<ic-' %roveU6 -' !o0 "is(en' (/#(o sp=so!o#6 !o0i vy-on n n "'-0 d (eErie (/ch(o v"D hov6 1o &e nepochy!ne vhodne&.ie presved1iv priechod. T - so# !i( .D s(ie # 0 v"i D (%(o p s'> od s #ho " 1i (-u6 ( - #'0o s #i pod ri0o6 n &"'-0 dne&.ie !ody rovn -e& rovn -/ " 1i (o- n s(upni & snos(i d=- "ov6 !y6 spoU v51.i 1 sD " (oho (u6 -o d%3 #6 &e - dispo"$cii6 !ude(e 0en D >-o s0edov D v51.inu - pi(o0 (oh(o do-u#en(u6 -o ve2 %si0i prepr cov n$ #' .('( i#. A& (u !ude# d'v D do!r veci.
Text original
,n(erpre('ci po"i($vneho ne< ($vneho "n #en$ du.evn/ch hodn=(6 n vedo# nevedo# pon%-o0 (rochu -o nu(n preds( vov D6 ( - so# si #ys0e06 " 1 D s nu(nosDou !r D -o v.eo!ecne p0 (n. A0e n v.eo!ecno# pr$p de poci(u ro"die0ov nesed$ (en(o v/-0 dK (o s #i "d 0o pochy!n # (e# (ic-/ nes%0 d (o6 0e ver$#6 >e v dis-usii o - pi(o0u GM u- "u&e %p0ne "ru.en'. L D0ho !o0o #i (r'pne6 >e "hrnu(ie po"i($vne s ne< ($vny#i hodno( #i vedo#i n r="nych #ies( ch6 pries(oroch 0e!o o!do!ie s% nepou>i(e2n v/s0ed-y6 v. -6 0e #=>e !yD vy-on n n s1$( nie -0 dn/ch "'porn/ch hodno('ch pre se! . Av. -6 dis-usi GN. - pi(o0e u- "u&%6 pod2 #=&ho n'"oru6 dosD & sn6 >e (o ( - %p0ne do s-=r s
vys-y(u&e v "n'#ych sp=so!ov p0i-'cie # (e# (i-y6 >e 0en pre(o6 >e s(e #oh0i vidieD pi0iere ich pou>i(e2nos(i n psycho0o<ic-/ch pre#enn/ch v Uo#. L To6 >e r s( " podne(u &e6 !y s %p0ne 0$.i6 pod2 (oho6 -o (o prip dne n podne(y n rovn -o# #ies(e 0e!o n ino# #ies(e6 prv' vec6 ne> r s( pod +o< ri(h#us"eichen6 druh/ pr$p d -o 0o< ri(#us r s(u6 s( 0 s #i > po #noho #'rneho %si0i 6 (ie(o !y -on(r s( - & snos(i6 eOponov n IviT - pi(o0 GGF. L Ceden " n &(vrd.e& n &d0h.iu do!u so# #5(%ce ne& snos(i6 -(or %p0ne "#i"0i & v prie!ehu (0 1e (e&(o pr'ce6 0e #' rovn -/ n .D s(ie ne#' v/"n #n/ vp0yv n predch'd" &%ce - pi(o0y6 !o0o (o6 >e so#6 -(or po pred0o>en$ n GG. - pi(o0 . "d ce0-o# prirod"ene o!& vu&% s 6 !y ro"die0 #ed"i "'>i(-ov/#i ro"die0y v u>.o# s0ov "#ys0e vn$# n ro"die0y & sne vede06 !e" -(or ro"0i.u&% v/"n # pr hu ro"die0 "os( 0 ne& sn/6 Un(erschieds# A3or#e0 si ne!o0 is(/6 n s( viD o-re# ro"die0u v"orc . V "'-0 dne& .(ru-(%re du.evn ro"#er h0 vn/ch - pi(o0 vn%(orn/ch psychophysics so# 1 s(o -o0$s 0i o "'-0 dn/ch po&#och nes#ie# s #=>u pochv'0iD6 >e e0i#inov D v.e(-y ho&d D (uK si #usi uvedo#iD6 >e i! -on( -(n #ies( s% (u uveden n presne&.ie6 v.eo!ecne&.ie vi c !e"pe1n/ch po"n (-ov s-=r.
7L*III. Pr$sa3'.
a; n+vrh6 3o3a1k6? v YS. ka& 1o,! 1!s1!. * vrhov n' v - pi(o0e MN. (es(e n ur1enie6 1i dv iden(ic- rovn -o chor2 ve&%cu s(runy "vu- in(en"$vne rovn -' pre r="ne n p5(i 6 ( - ihris-o6 Od (e& do!y so# n & 0 s'#K 0e !ohu>i 2 !e" ro"hodu&%ceho %spechu. A0e s%h0 s$# s pods( (ou (oho6 1o #o>no in$ #=>u !yD odov"d n ce" ne%spech (/ch(o po-usov 0ep.$ch pr covn/ch pos(upov ich. V #onochordu6 #ies(ne 3y"i-'0ny - !ine(6 -(or/ #i pos-y(o0 pro3 H n-e06 -(or so# -edy povinnosD "v0'.(ne f -u&e# v'# " po#oc v (/ch(o eOperi#en(och dispo"icii !o0i .(yri oce2ov s(runy6 dv rovn - pov hy6 ved2 se! 6 n (i hnu( vodorovne. *es-r'(ene& vi!r 1n dH>-y !o0 76RG # v=!ec. Dv 6 s d I(en-F6 -(or # &% !yD o"n 1en6 # 0 !0$"-o - N6Z #i0iEn 6 T 0.ie dv 6 s D I(u1n/F6 -(or # &% !yD o"n 1en6 #ed"i N6S N68 #i0iEn v hr%!-e. O! reD "ce d -o D !o0 v>dy 7 o-('v vy..i ne> druh/ 1 s. ; s('v- dv p'ry reD "cov6 -(or p (ri do (e& s s( 0o v nie-(or/ch eOperi#en(och n &#5 "ho(oven ?essi rovn -ho <nu -0 div'6 -(or/ "r "i0 " rovn -e& v/.-y n o!och reD "coch chy(i0 spi (o1n/ Pr 00e r%- !o0i 7F K v in/ch6 po#ocou n'vrhov " Vo0-# nn6 pohod0ne ce" <u0i1-y6 -(or s(e- 0i " .i-#o pro(i s0u1-e od-v pov n s(runy "os-o1i0 s'#. c(o- s s( 0o & v pr$p de v n -res0i(e -oncove& p'r cen(i#e(rov6 v rovn -e& v"di 0enos(i od -onc o!och reD "cov.
7F
Tie !y # 0i !yD "! ven v -o>i6 " (i 2 1o s o!& vi0 po nie-o2-/ch pred!e>n/ch po-usov6 up0 (Uov nie <u0e s('0e vhodn.
Kbe k*adi&2 s7 & ro&nak'c( sto ano& na ednom konci monoc(ord,, na&/2 om
ro&nobe.ne a & ro&nakom smere s re+a/cami pripo en'mi tak, aby sa koniec monoc(ord, napado* _a*eko k po/dU.nem, smer, o nieko)ko centimetro& nad ro&nak. 1 #rette d,t, &/2 omne ro&nobe.n, kan2*y bo*i tie. & po/dU.nom smere re+a/co&, nespr2&ne proti nim, O<nDsa6en kan2*o& /odpo&eda 7cic( re+a/co& &/dia*enosti, namonto&an nad monoc(ord,, tak, .e spodn' koniec, ktor' sa /&'8i* *en mierne ce/ str,ny. Ni*a /ast2&ky potom prep,sti+ )a(8ie ne. pomoco,, /ariaden' do ,r-ite &'8ky nadmorske &'8ke, reD,*o&a+ k*adi&2 od kwi&o*akost odk&apo& a bodom, / ktor(o si m5.ete nec(a+ ro** *opt,. %a spadn,tie D,*e bo*i /(roma.den & pred*o.enom (andri-ko,. Ro"(e1 reD "cov !o0 s( noven' v porovn n$ s 0 di1-y6 -(or/ Io!si hnu(/ #ed"i p 0ic #iF r " # 2ov n b d 0. Od s(runy d h0!.$ s%h0 si0 s s-r'(eni n 7 ` 8 "n (e2ne s vid0i1-ou do&edn ne& !o0 pre(o undi#inished (ri o-('vy ni>.i K od s(r%n D s%h0 si0 s h0!.$# redu-ciou n 7 ` 9 > 7 ` 7N v s%0 de s vid0i1-ou. Ter " s o!& vi0 n nes-r'(en/ s(runy d i s -0 div #i6 -o drev s0onoviny <u0e s #ierny# s-0ono# od-v pov pro(i o!"ore vo vyso-e& reD "ec - ve2-/# over\ei<h(s pro(i h0!.ie6 -(or s o!& vi0i re0 ($vne Unsun< pro(i ne#uK Tie> ( # !o0 s n dv'hou -o !0$"-o v D >-e& $0y6 -o n di 2-u6 - &e (o po(re!n6 - 1i s(o1n#u u" vre(iu u.i h0!o-/# "vu-o# !o0o 0en s0 !o 0e!o v=!ec po1uD6 -eT vyso-/ !o0 s('0e & sn/. Do-onc s n nes-r'(en/ s(runy D prev hu vyso-e& reD "c v !0$"-os(i T 0e-o s -on 0o & -eT rovn -/ do-onc " s( viD6 ne> v eOperi#en(och s reD "c #i d !o0 pou>i('. A0e ro"die0 !o0 ro"hodne #ene& " #o&e& v0 s(ne& -o vie( v.e(-/ch -oL po"orov (e2 6 !y !o0 pr vdepodo!ne #ys0e06 >e "#i"n% v rovno#erne& hr%!-e "odpoved &%cich reD "cov. A0e (o vy> du&e >i dny po"#eUov c$ n'vrh - (e&(o si0e. A0e!o -eT od-v py !o0i s(r#.ie6 ( ->e 0op( "i.ie0 " horne& -oniec n s(runy s v51.ou si0ou6 ro"die0 v si0e #ed"i vyso-ou n$"-ou reD "ec !o0 ne&edno"n 1n/. To (ie> s%h0 si0 s ro"sud-o# druh s(re(nu(ie s #o&$#. To #' (er "6 " (i 2 1o v predch'd" &%cich eOperi#en(och6 " s('v- vyso-ho n$"-eho reD "ec !o0 rovn -/ > n dor " o!e s(runy D " ( - od0i.n6 >e "vu- s o!& vi0 s rovn -ou in(en"i(ou6 0e!o s-=r n ro"die0u ne&edno"n 1n. S('0 so# " ! rirou6 ( ->e pro(i " ri denie6 -(or #=>e# pou>iD rovn -/ ne#oho0 vidieD "vu-6 0e !o0 si0ne po1uD6 druh/ po"orov (e2 "#eniD v/.-u6 " -(ore& !y #oho0 v 0iD do0e 0op(y6 - o! & reD "c 6 -/# so# o #=& hovor vysve(0i0 ro"die0 v in(en"i(e s% ne&edno"n 1n. Tu6 po(vrdi0 predch'd" &%ce v/s0ed-y. Pri #ierno# sv hu od-v pov6 pre(o s(redne si0n Ansch0 <6 s0onov' -osD 0op(u #use0 !e> D do0e po ce0e& dH>-e >2 !u po n$"-ych n 0 den s(runy6 -eT "!eho0 po vyso-o pos den/ 0en pri!0i>ne po po0ovici6 n'&sD ro"die0 v in(en"i(e ne&edno"n 1n. V ove2 prud.ie po0ohe >2 !ov " ro"die0u !o0 ne&edno"n 1n/6 -eT 0op( s(e- 0 po dvoch reD "cov po ce0e& dH>-e >2 !uK 'no6 (o s "d 0o6 >e si vy> du&% h0!.ie reD "ec (er " o nie1o -r (.iu ces(u. A-o #ierno# sv hu ( - s(r#/6 eOperi#en( !o0 op -ov n/ dv -r'( so "odpoved &%ci#i v/s0ed- #i. A0e !o0o dovo0en vr'(iD s " ve2#i n$"-e6 rovn - pre o! reD "ce !odov - n'0y +op(y n s(r#o# sv hu6 in(en"i( vyso-e& reD "c op5D ro"hodne n dv'hou. Sv hy - n'0ov !o0i " ned!'v n &u #er DK 0e &e& vyh0'senie !y #oh0o
(ie> vyu>iD ni16 pre(o>e !so0%(n s( novenie " (/ch(o eOperi#en(och neo!& vi0 . Druh/ po"orov (e2 pre"en(ov n so se!ou "'roveU s po-%siD (en(o. Tu &e divn' vec &e6 >e (o v.e(-o "os( 0o n vyso-e& "vu-u re0 ($vne si0ne&.$ -o & odh du&e6 !y !e" v/ni#-y6 vyso-/ (En s('0e vyh0'si0 v #ies(e6 -de so# n .ie0 ro"die0 v in(en"i(e #ed"i vyso-/# n$"-y# (Eno# ne&edno"n 1n pre in(en"$vne&.ie6 do-onc u-'" 06 -eT ?'# h0!o-/ (En !o0 (rochu in(en"$vne&.$6 vyso-' nie1o in h0 vne vysve(0i0. A& (en(o ro"die0 v n'"oroch e.(e n'&den/ v ne& -o# ino# pr$0e>i(os(n s-%s(e (o "nov . O-re# (oho6 >e n .ie0 ro"die0 %spechu #ed"i s(r%n D D 6 ro"die0 #ed"i &e#n/# s(r#o# sv hu od-v pov v rovn -o# "#ys0e6 -o & -o in/#i po"orov (e2#i. To &e (er " n vy..e& !so0%(ne& Ansch0 < ni>.iu reD "ec " 1$n po#erne n'ro1n u(opiD6 -o svedec(vo o prevodi(e2nos(i overen/ch o!0 s($ vn$# nie sve(0 He0#ho0(" ve(y IT. ,,6 - p. MN.F6 -(or% #o>no pov >ov D " "vu-ov. Po(o# !y %(0#o# "vu-u po#ocou v"di 0enos(i uch u"'veru vyso-/# (Eno#6 #us$ !yD 0en prev >ne op5D6 -(or ro"hodne ne#=>e !yD uveden. +en ( - hovori n s0edu&%ce o-o0nosD pro(i (o#u(o n'"oru. V"h2 do# - (o#u6 s r s(%cou hr%!-ou " s('v-y 1 sD s0onovinove& <u0e od#ie(o0 prev hu vyso-/# (Eno# s'# !o0 ne&edno"n 1n/6 !y s#e si # 0i #ys0ieD6 >e v/#enou " s0onovinove& <u0e s du(/# <u#ov/# 0op(ou6 n &#5 -eT v 0i0i ni>.i !ody6 n "'-0 de s0 !ho " s( venie6 (u v"ni-' vyso-/ (En e.(e v51.$ n dv'hy !y # 0 pr$sD. A0e op - s (u s( 0o ne1 - ne h0!o-/ (En re"o0%(ne o!e"i(y6 pod2 #o&e& v0 s(ne&6 v.e(-y ro"sud-y 1oLpo"orov (e2 . Du( <u#ov 0op(y !ude6 pre(o>e pos-y(u&e n &1is(e&.$ "vu-6 -edy n &vi c odporu1i0 " (/ch(o eOperi#en(ov6 -e!y s - ni# dos( D vyso-6 !e" (oho !y .vu. Av. -6 (o(o &e6 >e v 0i0i nie ce0-o# porovn (e2n "0yh'v v &edno(0iv/ch eOperi#en(och6 0e v (o# "#ys0e6 pr've spo#$n n !o0 v.eo!ecn/ %spech %p0ne "'s dn. * p d0o "'vis0os(i n hr%!-e s(r%n6 si0e hr nie6 # (eri'0u dop d &%cich (e0o 1os-oro vyso-'6 1os-oro h0!o- (Eny s o!e"i(ou6 (o n (o2-o6 >e ni predpo-0 d6 "os( 0 ur1i(/ s#er n po> dov n/ v/s0edo-. ;#en n dv'hy s "d 0o !yD predov.e(-/# v"h2 do# - (o#u6 >e6 v "'vis0os(i n po#eroch reD "c "'(-ou s%h0 s$ 0ep.ie 0e!o hor.ie6 se!e n v"'&o#6 #en.i 0e!o v51.i 1 sD >ive& si0y %(o-u pre vyvo0 nie !ud% pou>i( sprievodn "vu- "vu-. So# s "#ieni0 0en (ie " #es(n n s nes-r'(en/ reD "cov eOperi#en(y6 -(or !o0i reprodu-ov n n &vi cK 0e (ie> r="ne po-usy !o0i s 6 s-r'(i0 redu-ciou spo0o1nho \e!e6 " #es(n n/ch reD "c 6 0e rovn -o -o v "'vis0os(i n "#ene o-o0nos($ d 0 v ri !i0n/ v/s0ed-y. Ter " ver$#6 >e & -eT #=>e(e e0i#inov D h0u- e.(e s e.(e s( ros(0ivo vy-on n/ch s'd6 0e (o !y !o0o D >- "$s- D ve2#i 1is(/ v/s0edo-. ?ys0e0 so#6 >e n #ies(o %(o-u n s(runy po#ocou pe1i (-y 3%- ni p$.D 0-u !yD s-r'(en/ po#ocou pr%du v"duchu -on.( n(n% si0u vys-%. D. A0e pre(o>e po(ru!ie u> re <u&e pri s-r cov n$ n d ur1i(/ 0i#i(6 ( - s #i "d 0o6 >e s o1 -'v 6 >e vy(vor$ pro!0#y6 -o s reD "c #i6 0en v ine& 3or#e6 ( -y.
b; 3o&,n!n$ n !k1or.%h v &s'%ho(') k'Pb = n!3+vn'%h &r!#!1rovan$ ) H!,/ho,1). *ed'vno "vere&nen' v druhe& o('"-y 3y"io0o<ic-e& op(i-y vy.e(rov nie He0#ho0("ov/ch6 pri.ie0 -u #ne6 -o GG. 0u- ('(o - pe0 !o0 v v/(0 1-ov6 spHU &% vi c s(r nou - o!s hu (oh(o do-u#en(u6 1i s(o1ne v dohode 1i s(o1ne odchy2u&%K n &#5 po-i 2 ide oP 7F s(upU vn$# nie sve(0 K GF poh2 d n s nie 3eno#nu6 -(or/ &e v ro"poreK MF d=0e>i(/ op(ic-/ hypo(" .?=>e# d D v'hu n !ody dohody6 v. -6 &e (o ( - spr'vne ve2-/ or<'n He0#ho0(" (o6 >e #i sp=so!i0 v rovn -% do!u6 !y s (rochu !0i>.ie n "& vn 0e!o s-u(o1n !ody ro"die0u. Prv/ !od n0 n<end6 ( - s #o"re&#e #us$ n s( viD hr nice "'-on @e!er pri ve2#i n$"-ych ve2#i vyso-/ch %rovn$ & su6 -(or so# uviedo0 v prve& 1 s(i6 (ie> ro".$riD vp0yv n s(redne& (riedyK vy& dri06 0e!o presne&.ie poved n6 -eT "'-on &e po#erne v'<ne n hr nici ch6 ( ->e (o ne#us$ !yD presne v s(rede s(upUov. T - d0ho6 0e v #ed"i ch !e>n/ch o1$ pou>i(e ro"die0 ne!o0 ! d (e2n/6 !o0 >i dny n 0ieh v/ d=vod6 opr vy 1i "#eny !y # 0i !yD u#ies(nen v n "'-0 de uvedenho "'-on v"orcov pre !e>n pou>i(ie6 0e #=>e(e dos( D do proOi#'cie6 -(or d'v &% v - >do# pr$p de 6 spo-o&n$6 -o (o#u !o0o & v s d"!e6 -(or% S(einhei0 Po<son n odh dy ve2-os(i hvie"d v"orcov6 so# uveden v6 T. ,6 s 7M96 ci(ov n dve po&edn nie pri!0$>iD ich v"D h - pr'vu @e!er . V s-u(o1nos(i v. - u> v predch'd" &%cich po"orov n$ Bou<uer6 Ar <o6 ? sson6 -ri.('2ovo 0ie1enie6 Vo0-# nn6 #=& v0 s(n/6 odch/0-y od "'-on @e!er nie &e preu-'" n' odh dne ve2-osD hvie"d n s(redne& %rovni & su -o n'p dn/6 1o !e"pe1nos(n s #o"re&#6 >e (u Pre prie#ernho %rovne & su pri!0i>ne " p0 (nho pr'v s-u(o1ne eOis(u&e. ?ed"i(/#6 n prie- (o#u so# poved 0 vo svo&o# prvo# p pier s R7M 3 s-%senos(i Hersche0 - presne&.ie#u vy.e(rov nie vied0o 0'- vo v (o#(o do-u#en(e T. A&6 s(r.7QG6 -(or' s "d 0 do-'" D6 >e 0 cn pre s-%sen/ch o1i pod nie-(or no#'0ie "re&#e (ie> #oh0 !yD c$(i06 -(or nie s% vidi(e2n n in/ch o-o0nos($K (o is( p0 ($ ( # (er " s v51.ou is(o(ou " He0#ho0(" nov/ch pre.e(rov n$ v druhe& -nih'ch svo&ich 3y"io0o<ic-e& op(i-y s(r MN9 n s06 -(or'6 -o &e (o v "#ys0e vp0yvu6 -(or/ s #ed"e pr'v #us$ hovoriD do cen(r 6 n #ies(o -on.( n(ne& re0 ($vne& ci(0ivos(i -(or vy> du&e "'-on v @e!erVv ude0iD # Oi#'0ne re0 ($vnu ci(0ivosD pre ur1i(e& in(en"i(yK Av. -6 @e!erVv "'-on X&e6 -o prv/ pri!0$>enie - pr vde os('v 6X -o He0#ho0(" vy& dru&e. A- s ne#/0i#6 d=vod6 pre1o He0#ho0" "is(i0 odch/0-u od "'-onov #ed"i hr nic #i6 -de ne!o0 u"n n' v51.inou s-or.$ch po"orov (e2ov " do!rho #en 6 s-u(o1nosD6 >e s nie-edy vide0 (ie n &#en.ie ro"die0y v osve(0en$6 "is(en/ > (er " !o0i6 pre n &#en.$ch de(e-ov (e2n/ ro"die0 s pohy!u&e s n$# #ed"i 7 ` 77S 7 ` 7QR in(en"i(yK po1 s predch'd" &%cich po"orov n$ v r'#ci rev$"ie 0e<is0 ($vy i!
7
` QZ > 7 ` 7NN u-'" 0i6 n &vy..iu .peci3i-'ciu6 -(or' s -on' v=!ec6
pod2 Ar <o 7 ` 7M7 Ipo"ri T. ,6 s 7SGF. A0e (o &e6 - nie nevyhnu(n6 s #y o se!e6 0e prirod"en/ predpo-0 d6 >e ( #6 -de n &#en.ie sve(e0n ro"die0y s% s('0e ro"po"n (e2n6 & (ie n &#en.ie ro"die0y #ed"i sve(e0n/#i ro"die0y s% s('0e vn$# nK (ed 2 h-o preds( viD6 >e ( #6 -de o-o 0e!o #e(Ed &e #ene& ci(0iv' ne>
He0#ho0("6 proOi#'cie pr'vnych predpisov s('0e & v$ -o pri#er n/6 -(or' s u> o!& vi0 de-v'(ne s n$#. V "'s de s v. - o('"- 6 (u !y # 0o !yD d=0e>i( i! v pr$p de6 >e "'-0 dn/ p0 (nosD "'-on @e!er &e n p dnu(/ sp=so!o# pod2 vy.e(rov ni He0#ho0(" vyp0/v 6 >e odch/0-y pri vyso-/ch n$"-ych 0i#i(och6 s-=r ne> n #ies(e o"n 1eno# #ne d=vodov #=>e6 vo v"D hu poci(u &e po(re!n h2 d D pre pohy! s'#. To ro"hodne nie &e pr$p dK (rochu6 oni #=>u !yD %p0ne v (o#(o oh2 de .('(nu so# n 1r(o0 "'0e>i(osD. 7QM67QR uveden #nou T. ,6 s d=vody odch/0-y horn/ch do0n/ch #ed"$ nie s% i! hypo(e(ic-6 0e o ni1 #ene& vecn' ne> s #o(n ro"die0yK (ie>6 >e !y !o0o ve2#i nepr vdepodo!n6 s #o o se!e6 >e -o#p0i-ov n' 3or# "'-on 6 -(or' !o0 n hr den' He0#ho0(" s p0n/#i pr'v #i vo v"orciK -(or/ &e pri& D "#eny s( novene& !y # 0i eOis(ov D -o "'-0 dn pr'vo. A-o so# s od- "ov D n &eho v0 s(n p$s nie6 po-i 2 ide o eOperi#en('0nu 1 s(i .e(renie He0#ho0("6 so# spo-o&n' (u o"n'#iD v"orcov6 -(or #u n'hr du pr$&#u6 odch/0-y od pr'v @e!er6 -(or/ s pr'vo# Pure @e!erov s% " 0o>enK A& v pre-0 de 0is(u o"n 1enie6 -(or s "vy1 &ne pou>$v v (o#(o do-u#en(e6 * .e " 0o>en n pr've 1is(ho @e!er &e "'-0 dn/ v"orec
-de poci(6 podne(u6 K n &e ne"'vis0/ -on.( n(n'. A- chce(e -on(o n -0es &%ci odch/0-y su!s(i(uov n He0#ho0(" I -o &e u> sp=so!6 -o # n MR. M7. - pi(o0 uro!i0F pre Lchce(e !yD -on.( n( N v"r's(0 hodno( sve(e0nho s(i#u0u6 vypoved 0i o odch/0-u n vrcho06 s n s( v$ -on.( n(n/ ,p*etieme o3 "'vis06 -de s predpo-0 d'6 >e ( #6 -de # pr$(o#n -o ve2#i ve2-. To d'v
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n's0edne # Oi#'0n hodno( ci(0ivos(i n s0edu&e. ;n$>enie " -0 d' vy"er D nesporn 3or#'0ne 0e<i($#ne6 & -eT pov h horn' hr nic sn'T h0 vne nie &e ( - ce0-o# pr vd 6 pri& (ie n &&ednoduch.ie 3un-1n podo!e , ,-eT #' 10ove- v po-o&i6 s #o"re&#e6 - "v/.enie & vov >i dny "v0'.(ny ro"por. ; #o&e& s(r ny6 #oho0 0en dod D6 >e He0#ho0(" v"orec !yD ro"s h poci( sve(0 n ro"s hu poci( 2 h-/ch ro"die0ov prevodi(e2n/ch6 rovn -o -o v"orcov S(einhei0 Po<son ni " vedenie pr hu di3erenci'0neho v6 v GZ. )h p. uveden6 sp=so!o# !y vy> dov 0o.
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ELEMENTS DER Psychophysics-02-Slovencina-Gustav Theodor Fechner

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ELEMENTS DER Psychophysics-02-Slovencina-Gustav Theodor Fechner

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ELEMENTS

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