VI.

CC KHNG GIAN MU:

VI.1. H thng tiu chun CIE:
thun li cho qu trnh tnh ton v so snh cc mu vi nhau, ngi ta tm cch th hin cc mu bng nhng con s v sp xp chng mt cch c h thng, trong mi mu c mt v tr nht nh c xc nh bng 3 i lng:
tng mu hoc nh mu (H: hue or tone) bo ha hoc thun sc (Chromaticity) sng (L: lightness)

Hng nghn tng mu m mt ta cm nhn c t nh sng mu v cht mu c sp xp trong mt h thng chun ca y ban chiu sng quc t cn gi l bn mu CIE(Commission Internationale de lEclairage) hay tam gic mu CIE. CIE nh ngha cc mu s cp chun, ngun sng chun, ngi quan st chun v gc quan st chun.

VI.2. Khng gian mu CIEXYZ (t c):

H thng XYZ c xy dng da trn cc ng cong phn ng ca cc t bo cm nhn mu sc ca mt ngi.3 mu s cp da trn 3 ng cong phn ng ca mt nn chng c coi l gn bng vi 3 mu RGB. Nh vy, 3 mu s cp ban u ca h thng CIE cn s th hin khng gian vi 3 trc X,Y,Z.

VI.3. Khng gian mu CIEYxy:

Khng gian mu CIEYxy (tt)

VI.4. H thng CIELAB:

thun li hn na cho vic tnh ton v so snh cc mu vi nhau, nm 1976 CIE gii thiu mt h thng sp xp mu sc CIELAB. Trong s dng 3 thng s: L* : sng a* : ta mu trn trc - lc b* : ta mu trn trc vng lam

Giao im ca 2 trc a* v b* l im v sc (en, ghi, trng ty thuc vo sng).Nhng on c cng tng mu trong mt phng a* b* nm trong mt on thng ko di t im trung tm ra pha ngoi. Trc sng L * c gi tr t 0 - ng vi mu en n 100 - ng vi mu trng. Nhng mu c cng sng nm trn mt phng song song vi mt phng giy

VI.5. H thng CIELCH:

Khng gian mu L*C*h* s dng chung biu vi khng gian mu L*a*b* nhng thay v s dng trc ta vung th n li s dng trc ta hnh tr. Trong khng gian mu ny L* biu th sng ging vi L* trong khng gian mu L*a*b*, C* l cng mu v h l gc tng mu. Gi tr cng mu C* bng 0 ngay ti tm v gia tng ty thuc khong cch t ta mu n tm. Gi tr gc tng mu h c xc nh khi im ti trc a* v c tnh bng n v : 0o l +a* (: Red) 90o l +b* (Vng: Yellow) 180o l a* (Lc : Green) 270o l b* (Lam: Blue) Cc gi tr C* v h* c xc nh t a* v b* theo cng thc:

VI.6. S sai bit v mu sc trong h thng CIELAB v CIELCH:

S khc nhau gia mu 1 v mu 2 trong h thng CIELAB v CIELCH c xc nh thng qua cc hiu s sau:
L* = L2* - L1* : s khc nhau v sng gia 2 mu a* = a2* - a1* : s khc nhau v ta trn trc -lc b* = b2* - b1* : s khc nhau v ta trn trc vng-lam C* = C2* - C1* : s khc nhau v bo ha gia 2 mu H* = H2* - H1* : s khc nhau v tng mu gia 2 mu

Nu L* mang du + ngha l s sai lch mu theo chiu hng sng ln v ngc li Nu a* mang du + ngha l s lch mu theo hng hn, mang du ngha l theo hng lc hn Nu b* mang du + ngha l vng hn, nu mang du ngha l theo hng lam hn. Gi tr sai bit mu sc trong 2 h thng trn c tnh bng gi tr E*:

Hai mu c gi tr E*>1 tng ng vi khong cch mu m mt c th nhn bit c s khc bit mu sc gia 2 mu . Khong cch mu nh hn 1 : mt khng th nhn ra s khc bit mu sc gia 2 mu.

V d: Hy dng khng gian mu L*a*b* v L*C*h* thy s khc bit v mu gia 2 tri to. Dng qu to (1) (L*=43.31, a*=+47.93, b*=+14.12) l chun o s khc bit mu gia qu to th (2) (L*=47.34, a*=+44.58, b*=+15.16) vi qu to (1)

VI.7. S sai lch mu CMC: