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17 º∂μƒ√À∞ƒπ√À 2008
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19
¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ EÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË‹ P·ÙÛÈÛÙÈ΋ ¶·È‰Â›· 
TÔ XÚÔÓÈÎfi Ù˘ X·Ì¤Ó˘ YfiÛ¯ÂÛ˘ ÌÈ·˜ EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ MÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘
 
1. «ŒÙÔ˜ ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÔ‡ ¢È·ÏfiÁÔ˘»
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˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜ ¶·È‰Â›·˜, Î. Õ΢ KÏ¿ÓıÔ˘˜, Â›Ó·È Ó¤Ô˜ ÛÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· Î·È ÓÂfi-ÊÂÚÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰Â›· ·fi Ù· ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÈÛÙËÚȷο business. X·ÈÚÂÙ›˙Ô˘ÌÂfiÙÈ Â›Ó·È Ó¤Ô˜ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ˜ Ì ¯·ÌfiÁÂÏÔ: ÙÔ ‰È·Î‡‚Â˘Ì· Ù˘ ·Ó·Ó¤ˆÛ˘·ÔÙÂÏ› ·ÛÊ·ÏÒ˜ ÂÈÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÛÙË ¯ÒÚ·. øÛÙfiÛÔ Â›Ó·È ·ÌÊÈ‚fi-ÏÔ˘ ·Í›·˜, ·Ó fi¯È Î·È Ô͇̈ÚÔ, Ó· ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È “Ó·Úfi˜” ˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜ ·fi ¤Ó·ÓÚfi‰ÚÔ Ô˘ ‰ÈÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ ˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ 1959 Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›-Ô˘ Ë ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ¤ÌÂÈÓ ÚÔÛÎÔÏÏË̤ÓË ÛÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÂΛÓË. AÓ ¤Ó·˜ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ˜ fi¯È ηÈÙfiÛÔ Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·È‰Â›· Î·È ÙÔÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi ÌÔÚ› Ó· ËÁËı› ÂÓfi˜ Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ˘˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ Â›Ó·È ı¤Ì· Ô˘ ·Ê‹ÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË ÙÔ˘ ηıÂÓfi˜. Ÿˆ˜ ·Ê‹ÓÔ˘ÌÂÛÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ·Ó Â›Ó·È ıÂÌÈÙfi ÂÙ·ÈÚ›· Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·, ̤-¯ÚÈ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÛÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ, ÙÔÓ Î. KÏ¿ÓıÔ˘˜, Ó· ‰ÈÂÓÂÚÁ› ‰ËÌÔÛÎÔ‹ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔÙËÏÂÔÙÈÎfi ηӿÏÈ, ÂÓÒ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ì̤ÓË ÂÙ·ÈÚ›· ‰ËÌÔÛÎÔ‹ÛˆÓ.TÔ ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Û‹ÌÂÚ·, Ë̤ڷ ÚÔ‰ÚÈÎÒÓ ÂÎÏÔÁÒÓ,Â›Ó·È Ó· οÓÔ˘Ì ¤Ó·Ó ÈÛÔÏÔÁÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘¤ÚÁÔ˘ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ¤Ó· ÎÂÊ·Ï·È҉˜ ı¤Ì· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚȯÔ-̤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘: ÙÔ˘ ˙ËÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙË˜Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ Ù˘ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ ·È‰Â›·˜ ÛÙÔÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi Ì·˜ Û‡ÛÙËÌ·. KÈ ·˘Ùfi ÁÈ·Ù› ÙÔ YÔ˘ÚÁ›Զ·È‰Â›·˜ ̤۷ Û ¤ÍÈ ÌfiÏȘ Ì‹Ó˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·Ê¤ÚÂÈ Ó· ÌÂÙ·-ı¤ÛÂÈ ÛÙȘ ÂÏÏËÓÈΤ˜ ηϤӉ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·Ú-Ú‡ıÌÈÛË Ì ηÌÔ˘ÊÏ¿ÚÈÛÌ· ¤Ó· ΛÌÂÓÔ Ì ٛÙÏÔ: “™ÙÚ·-ÙËÁÈÎfi˜ ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË”.¢ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Ù˘¯·›Ô fiÙÈ ÛÙÔ Ó¤Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÙÔ˘ T¿ÛÛÔ˘ ¶·-·‰fiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂ-Ù·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË. Ÿˆ˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Ù˘¯·›Ô ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ·fiÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ ˘Ô˘ÚÁÂ›Ô Â·Ó¤ÊÂÚ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰ÈÛÙ·ÁÌfi Ù· ÂıÓÈÎÈ-ÛÙÈο-Ú·ÙÛÈÛÙÈο ‚È‚Ï›· Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜, Û·Ó Ô˘Ú·Áfi˜ ÌÈ·˜ ˘ÔÙÂÏÔ‡˜ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛ˘, ÎÈfi¯È Û·Ó ˘Ô˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ÂÓfi˜ ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜, Î·È Û‡ÚıËΠ·fi ÙËÓÂıÓÈÎÈÛÙÈ΋ ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ K·Ú·Ì·ÓÏ‹. ™Â ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔÙ‡¯Ô˜ ›¯·Ì ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ÛÙËÓ ŒÎıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ E˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ¶·Ú·ÙËÚËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔP·ÙÛÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ •ÂÓÔÊÔ‚›· (EUMC) ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ E˘ÚˆÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ, fiÔ˘ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û’¿ÏÏ· ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· ͯÒÚÈ˙ ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ EE ÌfiÓÔ Ë K‡ÚÔ˜ Î·È Ë O˘ÁÁ·Ú›·Â›¯·Ó ‚È‚Ï›· ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜ Ì ÂÌÚËÛÙÈÎfi Î·È Ú·ÙÛÈÛÙÈÎfi ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ (‚Ï. “H K‡ÚÔ˜·ÓÙÈ̤وË Ì ÙÔ Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌfi Î·È ÂıÓÈÎÈÛÌfi ÛÙ· Û¯ÔÏ›·: ¶fiÛÔ ÛÔ‚·Úfi Â›Ó·È ÙÔÚfi‚ÏËÌ· Î·È ÙÈ Î¿ÓÔ˘ÌÂ;”, ¶ÂÚÈ¤ÙÂȘ I‰ÂÒÓ, Ù. 8, ¶ÔÏ›Ù˘ 31.12.2006). AÛÊ·-ÏÒ˜, ÙÔ 2006 ›¯Â ‹‰Ë ·ÔÛ˘Úı› ÙÔ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚ›‰ÈÔ Ù˘ ¤ÎÙ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÔÔ›ÔË K‡ÚÔ˜ ›¯Â ÙÔ “ÚÔÓfiÌÈÔ” Ó· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È (‚Ï. Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi ΛÌÂÓÔ TÚÈÌÈÎÏÈÓÈÒÙË˜Î·È ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ Ù. 12 “H IÛÙÔÚ›· ˆ˜ ȉÂÔÏÔÁ›· Î·È ˆ˜ ·Ï‹ıÂÈ·”, ¶ÂÚÈ¤ÙÂÈ-˜ I‰ÂÒÓ, ¶ÔÏ›Ù˘ 27.05.2007).TÔ YÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ¶·È‰Â›·˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ EE ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· fiÙÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋·È‰Â›· ÎÈ fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Îϛ̷ ·ÓÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È Û‚·ÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. TÔÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ·ÓÂ˘Úˆ·˚Îfi “¤ÙÔ˜ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ ·È‰Â›·˜” ‰›ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈ-ÎfiÓ· ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜. ¶Ò˜ ˆÛÙfiÛÔ ÂͤϷ‚·Ó ÙÔ ÛÙfi¯Ô Ù˘ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÔÈ ÙÔ˘Y. ¶·È‰Â›·˜; A˜ ‰Ô‡Ì ÙÔ Ù›ÙÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ¢ÔÎÈÌ›Ô˘ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ÚÂ-ۂ›·˜ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¤ÁÚ·„·Ó ÛÙȘ 31/1/08 ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ù˘ °ã§˘Î›Ԣ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ §˘-ΛˆÓ: “OÈ ·Í›Â˜ Ù˘ ·ÓıÚˆÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·È‰Â›·˜ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÙÔ Û‚·ÛÌfi Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÙÈ΋˜ ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈ¿˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÍÂÂÚÓ¿ οı ‰È·ÊˆÓ›·, ‰È¤ÓÂÍË Î·È Û‡ÁÎÚÔ˘ÛË.N· ÂÍËÁ‹ÛÂÙ Ì ÔÈÔ˘˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ Ë ‰È·Ê‡Ï·ÍË Î·È Ë ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÓË-Ì›ˆÓ οı ¯ÒÚ·˜ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ Î·ÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· Ù˘ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓÂ›Ù¢ÍË ÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚˆÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÍÈÒÓ.”¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÏÔÈfiÓ Â›Ó·È Ó· ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·È Ë Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ-΋˜ Ì·˜ ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈ¿˜ ·fi ÙȘ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ηÙÔ¯‹˜, Â›Ó·È Ó· ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂȘ ÙË “‚·Ú-‚·ÚfiÙËÙ·” ÙˆÓ ¿ÏψÓ: ‰ÈfiÙÈ ¤ÙÛÈ ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ı· ÂͤϷ‚·Ó Î·È ÔÈ Ï›ÛÙÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜
ΔÔ˘ N›ÎÔ˘TÚÈÌÈÎÏÈÓÈÒÙË
EıÓÈÎÈÛÙÈ΋ ‹ ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ¶·È‰Â›·;
™À¡∂Ã∂π∞ ™Δ∏ ™∂§. 2
Joan Miro (The Lovers - 1934)
 
44
2
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17 º∂μƒ√À∞ƒπ√À 2008
¶√§πΔ∏™ Δ∏™ ∫Àƒπ∞∫∏™
ÙÔ ÈÔ ¿Óˆ Ù›ÙÏÔ. AÓÙ› ÏÔÈfiÓ Ó· ηÏÏÈÂÚÁÂ›Ù·È ÙÔ Ó‡̷ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜,ÈÛfiÙËÙ·˜ ÎÈ Â˘ı‡Ó˘ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Î·È ÌÈ·˜ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙ›·˜Ô˘ ‰È·ÎËÚ‡ÙÙÔ˘Ó Î·È Î¿ÓÔ˘Ó Ú¿ÍË ÙÔ “Û‚·ÛÌfi Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÎÏË-ÚÔÓÔÌÈ¿˜” ÙˆÓ “¿ÏψӔ Û·Ó ıÂÌÂÏÈÒ‰Ë ·Í›· Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, ¤¯Ô˘-Ì ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÙÔ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙÔ: ÌÈÛ·ÏÏÔ‰ÔÍ›·, “ÔÊı·ÌfiÓ ·ÓÙ› ÔÊı·ÏÌÔ‡”,ÂıÓÔÙÈο Ì›ÛË ÎÈ ¤¯ıÚ·.A˜ ‰Ô‡Ì fï˜ ÈÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ.
2. ™ÙÚ·ÙËÁÈÎfi˜ ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi˜ ÁÈ·˘·Ó·¯ÒÚËÛË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘: ›Ûˆ ÛÙË ÌÈÛ·ÏÏÔ‰ÔÍ›·;
EÓÒ ÊÚ·ÛÙÈο ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ ˘Ô˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ˘fiÛ¯ÂÙ·È Ó· “Û˘Ó¯›-ÛÂÈ” ÙËÓ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘, ÙÔ ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊÔÌ ٛÙÏÔ “™ÙÚ·ÙËÁÈÎfi˜ ™¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¶·È‰Â›·: H OÏÈ΋ AÓ·ıÂ-ÒÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì·˜ ™˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜” (™™¶) Â›Ó·È ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÁÚ·-Ê‹˜ Ô˘ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ·Ó·ÈÚ› ÙȘ fiÔȘ ÂÏ›‰Â˜ ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ‰È·-ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ·È‰Â›· ÛÙË ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜.H ™™¶ (ÛÂÏ. 69) ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ fiÙÈ “ÙÔ YÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ¶·È‰Â›·˜ Î·È ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡ ˘ÈÔıÂÙ› ÙË ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ˆ˜ ‚·ÛÈ΋ ‰È¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜” ÎÈ fiÙÈ “Û¤‚ÂÙ·È ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ÙÔÓÏÔ˘Ú·ÏÈÛÌfi (ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi, ÁψÛÛÈÎfi, ıÚËÛ΢ÙÈÎfi)”, ˆÛÙfiÛÔ ·ÓÙ› Ó·ÚÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙË ÚÈ˙È΋ ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘ÓÛË ·˘ÙÒÓ ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· Ë ÚfiÙ·ÛËÁÈ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Û·Ó “ÂıÓÔÎÂÓÙÚÈο Î·È Ô-ÏÈÙÈÛÙÈο ÌÔÓÔÏÈıÈο ÛÙÔȯ›·” ·ÓÙ› Ó· ÎÈÓËı› ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË ÌÈ·˜ÚÈ˙È΋˜ ·Ó·ıÂÒÚËÛ˘ ÁÈ· Û˘ÛÙËÌÈÎfi ÌÂÙ·Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Û’ ¤Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfi ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙË-Ì· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·ÏÈÓ‰ÚfiÌËÛË.AÓ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÔ˘Ì ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ıÂÌÂ-ÏÈ҉˜ ˙‹ÙËÌ· Ù˘ ÈÛfiÙÈÌ˘ ¤ÓÙ·Í˘ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÈÔÓÔÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ·Ó·-ÛÙ¢ÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ Â›Ó·È Ë ˘Ô‚¿ıÌÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Û’ ¤Ó· ·Ïfi ı¤Ì· ˆÚÒӉȉ·Ûηϛ·˜ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÌË ÂÏÏËÓfiʈÓÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜: ·ÓÙ› ÁÈ·‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË ÁÈ· fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ¤¯Ô˘Ì οÔȘٿÍÂȘ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ÁÈ· “·ÏÏfiÁψÛÛÔ˘˜” Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ Ï›ÁÔ-Ôχ ¯ÂÈÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ “Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ì ̷ıËÛȷο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·” ‹ “Ì ÚÔ-‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜” ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙËÁÔÚÈÔÔÈ› οو ·fiÙÔ ÁÂÓÈÎfi Ù›ÙÏÔ “OÌ¿‰Â˜ M·ıËÙÒÓ Ì EÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈΤ˜AÓ¿ÁΘ - ÕÍÔÓ˜ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜”. E›Ó·È Û·Ê‹˜ Ë ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›· Ù˘ ÚfiÙ·Û˘,Ë “EȉÈ΋ AÁˆÁ‹ Î·È EÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË Î·È ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·” Â›Ó·È ÁÈ·“Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ˆ˜ ÌËÙÚÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ·” Î·È “Ì·-ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ¢·ı›˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ-ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ÙÔ˘ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡” Î·È Ë “¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ EÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË” ÁÈ· “Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ˆ˜ ÌËÙÚÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ·” Î·È “Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ÚÔ-¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ¢·ı›˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ-ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ÏËı˘-ÛÌÔ‡” (ÛÂÏ. 62).EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÚÔηÏ› ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÂÓÒ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ fiÙÈ “Ë ÎÔ˘Ï-ÙÔ‡Ú· ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Î·Ù’ ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ó· Â›Ó·È ·˘ÛÙËÚ¿ ÂıÓÈ΋, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÛÙÔÂ˘Úˆ·˚Îfi Ï·›ÛÈÔ” Û·Ó “Ì›˙ÔÓ· ÂÈÙ‡ÁÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ E˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ¶Ô-ÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡” ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ “Ù· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ΛÌÂÓ·” Ë B›‚ÏÔ˜, Ë IÏÈ¿-‰· Î·È Ë O‰‡ÛÛÂÈ· ÎÙÏ. “ÁÈ· Ó· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó· ηٷϿ‚Ô˘ÓÙÈ Â›Ó·È ÔÈÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎfi Î·È ˆ˜ ÂÎ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ Ô˘ÛÈ҉˜ Û fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó-ıÚÒÈÓÔ˘˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜”. TÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ˘Ô˘Ú-ÁÂ›Ô ·‰˘Ó·Ù› Ó· ‰ÒÛÂÈ ¤ÛÙˆ ¤Ó· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ¤Ú·Ó ·fi Ù· ΛÌÂÓ·Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi ̤ÚÔ˜ ·fi Ù· “ÂÏÏËÓÔ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈο ȉÂÒ-‰Ë”, ·ÏÏ¿ fiÙÈ ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Ì¤Û· ·fi ·˘Ù¿ ·Ó·‚Ú‡˙ÂÈ ÌÈ· ÂıÓÈÎÈÛÙÈ΋·Ï·˙ÔÓ›·.E›Ó·È Ê·ÓÂÚfi fiÙÈ ·˘Ùfi οı ¿ÏÏÔ ·Ú¿ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË›ӷÈ: ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ·ÊÔÌÔȈÙÈÎfi Ì ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ù¿ÍÂȘ Û·Ó ÂÏÂËÌÔ-Û‡ÓË ÛÙȘ “¢·ı›˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜”. º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë “Ó¤·” ÚfiÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ, Â› ÕÎË KÏ¿ÓıÔ˘˜, Ó· Â›Ó·È ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ Ó· ı¿„ÂÈ ÙËÓ Úfi-Ù·ÛË ÁÈ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË. Ÿˆ˜ ‡ÛÙÔ¯· ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛÂ, ÂÎÙˆÓ ÂÈÛËÁËÙÒÓ ÙËÓ ŒÎıÂÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË, Ô °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ TÛÈ¿-ηÏÔ˜, Û ۯÂÙÈÎfi ÛÂÌÈÓ¿ÚÈÔ, Ô ÏfiÁÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÔÈ ÂıÓÈÎÈÛÙ¤˜ ·Ô-‰¤¯ÔÓÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ¤Ó· ÂÈÊ·ÓÂÈ·Îfi ÎÈ ·Ô„Èψ̤ÓÔ “‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi” Î·È fi¯ÈÙÔÓ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎfi ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ì ·˘ÙfiÓ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ÂÓÒ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·ÈfiÙÈ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙȘ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂıÓÔ-ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈΤ˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜, ÛÙËÓÔ˘Û›· ·ÚÓÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ó· ÙÂıÔ‡Ó Â› ›ÛÔȘ fiÚÔȘ ÔÈ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ› ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔÓ‰ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘˜, ÙÔÓ ËÁÂÌÔÓÈÎfi: “OÈ ÂıÓÈÎÈÛÙ¤˜ ·Ï¿ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó Ó· ÂÈϤÁÔ˘Ó ·˘-ÙÔ› ÔÈ· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ·Ô‰¤¯ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÔÈ··ÔÚÚ›ÙÔ˘Ó”. ŒÙÛÈ ÂÈϤÁÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ηÚÈηÙÔ‡Ú· ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ̤۷ÛÙËÓ Ù¿ÍË ·fi ÙÔ Ê·ÁËÙfi ÙˆÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÂÓÒ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó È‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈο Ó· ÂÈ-‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó “ÙÔ ‰ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÍÈ·Îfi-ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·”.EÍ¿ÏÏÔ˘ fiˆ˜ ÙÔÓ›˙ÂÈ Ô Mȯ·ËÏ›ÓÔ˜ ZÂÌ‡Ï·˜ Û ÚfiÛÊ·ÙÔ ÛÂÌÈ-Ó¿ÚÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ¶¿ÊÔ Ì ı¤Ì· “KÚÈÙÈ΋ ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ¶ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË: ¶ÚÔ-ÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ¶ÚÔÔÙÈΤ˜ ÛÙËÓ K‡ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ™‹ÌÂÚ· Î·È ÙÔ˘ A‡ÚÈÔ” ÔÊ›-ÏÔ˘Ì ӷ ÎÈÓËıԇ̠¤Ú· ·fi “ÎÔ˘ÙÈ¿” Ô˘ ÂÚȯ·Ú·ÎÒÓÔ˘Ó Î·ÈÛÎÔÙÒÓÔ˘Ó Î¿ıÂÙÈ ÚÔԉ¢ÙÈÎfi ÛÙÔÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi: “H ·ÓÙ›-ÏË„Ë Ô˘ ·Ó·Áο˙ÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜ Ó· ÂÚȯ·Ú·ÎÒÓÔÓÙ·È Û ‘ÎÔ˘-ÙÈ¿’ Ì›·˜ Î·È ÌÔÓ·‰È΋˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ·˜, ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛ·ı› Ó· ηٷÓÔ‹ÛÂÈÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜ ˆ˜ ¿ÙÔÌ· Ì ÔÏÏ·Ϥ˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ˆ˜ ·Ͽ̤ÏË ÌÈ·˜ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ ÔÌ¿‰·˜... H ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓÂ›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔ Ï·Óı·Ṳ̂ÓË, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ËıÈο ÂÈΛӉ˘ÓË” (Amartya Sen).øÛÙfiÛÔ, Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÙÔ ˘Ô˘ÚÁÂ›Ô Î·È Û ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ·ÎÏÔ˘˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó·ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ¿ÏÏË ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›·. OÈ “Ó¤ÔÈ” Û‡ÌÌ·¯ÔÈ ÙÔ˘ T¿ÛÛÔ˘ ¶··-‰fiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÍ ·Ú¯‹˜ ÛÊÔ‰ÚÔ› ÔϤÌÈÔÈ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÌÂ-Ù·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘ Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ··ÏÏ·Á‹ ·fi Ù· ÛÔ‚ÈÓÈ-ÛÙÈο ÎÈ ÂıÓÔÎÂÓÙÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· Ù˘. X·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi Ù˘ ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ ·ÓÂ-ÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÈÎÔ‡ ÁÈ· ÔÙȉ‹ÔÙ ‰È·Ù·Ú¿ÛÛÂÈ ÙÔ “ÂıÓÈÎfi Â-ÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ” Ù˘ ·È‰Â›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË Ô˘ ÚÔοÏÂÛ ے ÂıÓÈÎÈ-ÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÎÏÔ˘˜ Ë ÚfiÙ·ÛË ÁÈ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Î·È ÛÙÈ˜Û˘˙ËÙ‹ÛÂȘ ·Ó ı· Ú¤ÂÈ ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Ó· ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ-ÎfiÙËÙ· ‹ ÙËÓ ÔÏ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÔÙËÙ·. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÛÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ Ô˘‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛÂ Ë ¢ÈÔÈÎÔ‡Û· EÈÙÚÔ‹ ÙÔ˘ AÓÔÈÎÙÔ‡ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ (¢E),Ë EÈÙÚÔ‹ ·Ô‰¤¯ÂÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ Ù· ÂÍ‹˜ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ÛÙËÓ·È‰Â›·: H ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤ÓË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÌÔÓÔˆÏȷ΋ÚÔÙ›ÌËÛË Û οÔȘ ·’ ·˘Ù¤˜, Ë ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· Ù˘ ÌËÙÚÈ-΋˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·Ó·ÛÙÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ Â·Ó··ÙÚÈ˙fiÌÂÓˆÓÎ·È Ë ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ E˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ¢È¿ÛÙ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ Ú·ÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ Û fiÏ·Ù· ÁÓˆÛÙÈο ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·, Ì·˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÈ Û‡ÌʈÓÔ˘˜. T· ÎÔÈÓ¿ ÚÔ-ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ì ÙËÓ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔ΢Úȷ΋ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙȘ ¿Ï-Ϙ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ Ù˘ K‡ÚÔ˘ ı· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÒıË-ÛË ·˘Ù‹.°È· ÙËÓ ÔÏ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ· fï˜ Ô˘‰¤Ó Û¯fiÏÈÔÓ, ÎÈ fi¯È Ù˘¯·›·. HÔÏ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ· ·Ï¿ ·ÓÙÈηÙÔÙÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ-΋ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô: TfiÛÔ Ë ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Ì·˜, fiÛÔ Î·È Ë E˘-ÚÒË Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ηı·Ú¤˜ ÔÏ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈΤ˜ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ·˜ ˘¿Ú-¯Ô˘Ó ËÁÂÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÎÔ˘ÏÙÔ‡Ú˜ Î·È ·ÚÓËÙÈο Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· fiˆ˜ Ô Ú·ÙÛÈ-ÛÌfi˜. O ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ë ÍÂÓÔÊÔ‚›· ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ·Ó¿ÌÂ-Û· Û ¿ÙÔÌ· ·fi ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈΤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜.H Â›ıÂÛË Ô˘ ‰¤¯ıËÎÂ Ë ÚfiÙ·ÛË ÁÈ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË·fi ÙË ¢.E. ÙÔ˘ AÓÔÈÎÙÔ‡ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·-ÛË Î·È Ù· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ӷ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÔ˘ÌÂÛÙËÓ ÔÚ›· Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘. O ÂıÓÈÎÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ Û˘ÓÙËÚËÙÈÛÌfi˜ ›ӷȉÔÌË̤ÓÔ˜ Î·È ‚·ıÈ¿ ÚÈ˙ˆÌ¤ÓÔ˜ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· - ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È Ë ÌÂ-Ù·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË ı· Â›Ó·È Ì·ÎÚ¿ Î·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË. H ÛÙ¿ÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӈӷη‰ËÌ·˚ÎÒÓ ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ “‚·ı‡ ÂıÓÈÎÈÛÌfi” Î·È ÙÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ηÙÂ-ÛÙË̤ÓÔ Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó¤‰ÂÈÍÂ. °È· ·Ú·‰ÂÈÁÌ· Ô Ù¤ˆ˜ ˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜ ¶·È-‰Â›·˜, Î. O˘Ú¿ÓÈÔ˜ Iˆ·ÓÓ›‰Ë˜, ÊÔÚ¤·˜ Ù˘ ȉÂÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓÔÔÏÈ-ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ÂıÓÔÎÂÓÙÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ‰ÂÓ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÂӉȷÊÂÚı› ÁÈ· ÙËÓÔÏ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ·È‰Â›·. ™Â Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ Û˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË Ô˘ ·Ú·¯ÒÚËÛ ÁÈ·ÌÂϤÙË Ô˘ ηٷ٤ıËΠÛÙÔ YÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ¶·È‰Â›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ KÔÈ-ÓˆÓÈÔÏfiÁˆÓ K‡ÚÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ ™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ °ÔÓ¤ˆÓ ÙÔ 2001, Ô Î. Iˆ·ÓÓ›-‰Ë˜ ÚˆÙ‹ıËΠ·Ó ı· ‘ÚÂÂ Ë Î˘Úȷ΋ ·È‰Â›· Ó· ¿ÚÂÈ ÔÏ˘ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÈÎfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· Î·È Ë ·¿ÓÙËÛË Ô˘ ¤‰ˆÛ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈ΋: “AÓÓÔÌ›˙Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ ı· ‚¿Ïˆ Ù· EÏÏËÓfiÔ˘Ï· ÛÙËÓ ›‰È· ı¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ¿Ï-ÏÔ˘˜, Ó· ÙÔ ‚Á¿ÏÔ˘Ó ·’ ÙÔ Ì˘·Ïfi ÙÔ˘˜!” (‚Ï. “T· ¶ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ·fiÙË ºÔ›ÙËÛË ÙˆÓ ¶ÔÓÙ›ˆÓ ÛÙË ¢ËÌÔÙÈ΋ EÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË: ¶ÚÔηٷÚÙÈ΋ŒÚ¢ӷ Î·È ŒÎıÂÛË”, ÁÈ· ÙÔ ™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ KÔÈÓˆÓÈÔÏfiÁˆÓ K‡ÚÔ˘, ÂÎ̤ÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ OÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·˜ ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÌˆÓ °ÔÓ¤ˆÓ Ô˘ ·Ú·‰fiıËΠÛÙÔYÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ¶·È‰Â›·˜).º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ô Ó¤Ô˜ (Î·È Î·Ù¿ ¿Û· Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ·ÂÚ¯fiÌÂÓÔ˜) ˘Ô˘Ú-Áfi˜ ÌfiÓÔ ÊÚ·ÛÙÈο ‰È·Ê¤ÚÂÈ ·fi ÙÔÓ Î. O˘Ú¿ÓÈÔ IˆÓÓ›‰Ë.
3. ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ·ÓÙÈÚ·ÙÛÈÛÌfi˜ÛÙËÓ Ú¿ÍË ‹ ÛÙ· ÏfiÁÈ·;
AÍ›˙ÂÈ Ó· ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÔ˘Ì ÙÈ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Î·È ÈÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ-̤ӷ ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÛÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ· ·˘Ùfi. AÍ›˙ÂÈ ÂÈÙ¤ÏÔ˘˜ Ó· ÛÙÔ-¯·ÛÙԇ̠Ô‡ ›̷ÛÙÂ Î·È Ô‡ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ì ӷ ¿ÌÂ: ÔÈ· ·È‰Â›· ·Í›˙ÂÈÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Ì·˜; ¶ÔÈ· ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÔÚ·Ì·ÙÈ˙fiÌ·ÛÙÂ Î·È ÔÈ· ·Ó··Ú¿-ÁÔ˘ÌÂ;H ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ· X·Ú·Ï¿ÌÔ˘˜ Î·È Ë ŒÏÂÓ· ¶··Ìȯ·‹Ï, ·ÍÈÔÔÈÒ-ÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÓÒÛÂȘ ηٷı¤ÙÔ˘Ó Ì ÙÚfiÔ ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋ ‰È¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ˘ÔÙÈı¤ÌÂÓ˘ “‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ ·È‰Â›-·˜”, fiˆ˜ ÂÌÂÈÚÈο ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓfiÙËÙ·. H E. ¶·-·Ìȯ·‹Ï ̤۷ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Î·È Ù· ·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ì·˜ ı¤ÙÂÈ ÂÓÒ-ÈÔÓ ÙˆÓ Â˘ı˘ÓÒÓ Ì·˜ ‰ÈfiÙÈ “Ë ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ‚·-ıÈ¿ Î·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ·ÏÏ·Á‹, Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈηÙÔÙÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ‰Ú·Ì·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜Û οı ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ˘ ˙ˆ‹˜” ÎÈ ·˘Ùfi ··ÈÙ› Ó·“ÍÂÂÚ·ÛÙ› Ô Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌfi˜ Û fiϘ ÙÔ˘ ÙȘ ÌÔÚʤ˜”. øÛÙfiÛÔ, fiˆ˜ ËP¤Ó· XfiÏ·ÚÔ˘ ÙÔÓ›˙ÂÈ, “Ô Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌfi˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÂÓÂÚÁ¤˜ Ô-ÏÈÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙÈÚ·ÙÛÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘” ÎÈ fi¯È “Ì ¢¯ÔÏfiÁÈ·, ÎÔÈÓoÙÔ-›Â˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· ÌfiÓÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ı·ı‹Ó·È”. TÔ Î›-ÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ¶. X·Ú·Ï¿ÌÔ˘˜ ‰ÈÂÈÛ‰‡ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ È‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹ Ù˘ÏÔÁÔÙ¯ӛ·˜ fiˆ˜ ·˘Ù‹ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙ· Û¯ÔÏ›· Î·È ı¤ÙÂÈ ÂÓÒÈfiÓ Ì·˜ÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ·: ı¤ÏÔ˘Ì Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ ÌÈ· “‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ· ¤Ú· ·fi ‰ÂÈÁ-Ì·ÙÔÏËÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÛı‹Î˜-ÛÊ‹Ó˜ Û ¤Ó· ηٿ Ù· ¿ÏÏ· ÂıÓÔÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfiÛ‡ÛÙËÌ· Î·È ÙË ÌÔ˘ÌÈÔÔ›ËÛË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ Ú·ÎÙÈ-ÎÒÓ”;KÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ˙‹ÙËÌ· ·ÊÔÚ¿ Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ‰È‰¿ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÈÛÙÔ-Ú›· ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È ‰‡Ô ΛÌÂÓ· Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÔÓÙ·È ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ·. TÔ ÚÒ-ÙÔ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·ÂÈÎÔÓ›ÛÂȘ Ù˘ “‚·Ú‚·ÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ TÔ‡ÚΈӔ ۷Ӊ›ÁÌ· ÁÚ·Ê‹˜ ÂıÓÈÎÈÛÙÈ΋˜-Ú·ÙÛÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·È‰Â›·˜ ̤۷ ·fi ÙËÓ Â·-Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚȉ›ˆÓ Ù˘ ™Ùã ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ Ë ‰Ú M·-ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓË ‰›ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÚÔÔÙÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ¿ÏÏË ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Ì ÔÏ˘ÚÈÛÌ·-ÙÈÎfi Ê·Îfi Ô˘ Ó· ˘ÂÚ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÛË Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Î·È Ùˉȉ·Ûηϛ· Ù˘ Î·È Ó· ·Ú¿ÁÂÈ ÎÚÈÙÈο ÛÎÂÙfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘.KÏ›ÓÔ˘Ì Ì ¤Ó· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ΛÌÂÓÔ, ¤Ó· ΛÌÂÓÔ ·ÏÏËÏÂÁ-Á‡Ë˜ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ì¿ÓÈ· ÁÈ· ¤Ó· Û¯ÔÏÂÈfi ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ TÛÈ¿·˜ÛÙÔ MÂÍÈÎfi.
1. EditorialEıÓÈÎÈÛÙÈ΋ ‹ ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ¶·È‰Â›·;2. ŒÏÂÓ· ¶··Ìȯ·‹Ï ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË: ÌÈ· Ì·ÙÈ¿ ÛÙËӠ΢Úȷ΋ ηıËÌÂÚÈÓfiÙËÙ· 3. X·Ú¿ M·ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓË™‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛË Î·È ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜ ÛÙËÓ K‡ÚÔ - AÓ¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· ηٿÚÙÈÛË Î·È ÂÈÌfiÚʈۋ ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ 4. N›ÎÔ˜ TÚÈÌÈÎÏÈÓÈÒÙ˘ AÂÈÎÔÓ›ÛÂȘ “‚·Ú‚·ÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ TÔ‡ÚΈӔ:¢Â›ÁÌ· ÁÚ·Ê‹˜ ÂıÓÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡-Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙ· ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚ›‰È· ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜ Ù˘ ™Ù’ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡5. ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ· X·Ú·Ï¿ÌÔ˘˜ Afi ÙË ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÛÙËÓ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ·ÏÏ·Á‹: Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÔÙÈ΋ Ù˘ÂıÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜6. P¤Ó· XfiÏ·ÚÔ˘O Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌfi˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÂÓÂÚÁ¤˜ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙÈÚ·ÙÛÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘7. KAM¶ANIA ENA ™XO§EIO °IA THN T™IA¶A™EıÓÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ‹ ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ¶·È‰Â›·;
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EÈ̤ÏÂÈ· ⁄Ï˘: ¡›ÎÔ˜ ΔÚÈÌÈÎÏÈÓÈÒÙ˘
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√ πÓ‰fi˜¡ÔÌÂÏ›ÛÙ·˜ AÌ¿ÚÙÈ· ™ÂÓ.Paplo Picasso (Nude Woman in a Red Armchair - 1932)
 
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Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÔÎÙ¿-¯ÚÔÓÔ K˘ÚÈfiÔ˘ÏÔ, ÔÚıfi‰ÔÍË ¯ÚÈ-ÛÙÈ·Ó‹, Ì ÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ˆ˜ ÙË ÌË-ÙÚÈ΋ Î·È ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·, ÙËÓÔÔ›· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ› Î·È Ë ÔÈÎÔÁ¤-ÓÂÈ¿ Ù˘ ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ. ™Â ÌÈ· ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ÙÔ˘ Û¯Ô-Ï›Ԣ Ù˘ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘, Ù˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·ÙÂı› Ó· ··ÁÁ›-ÏÂÈ ¤Ó· ·È‰ÈÎfi ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi Ô›ËÌ·. ŸÙ·Ó¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Ë ÛÂÈÚ¿ Ù˘, Ë M·Ú›Ó· ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÌÈ-ÎÚfiʈÓÔ Î·È ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Ó· ··ÁÁ¤ÏÏÂÈ ÌÚÔ-ÛÙ¿ Û ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô. ™Â οÔÈ· ÛÙÈÁ-Ì‹ ͯӿ Ù· ÏfiÁÈ·, ÌÂډ‡ÂÙ·È Î·È ÎÔÈÙ¿-˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ‰·ÛοϷ˜ Ù˘, Ô˘ÎÚ‡‚ÂÙ·È ›Ûˆ ·fi ÙȘ ÎÔ˘ÚÙ›Ó˜. H ‰·Ûο-Ï· ͉ÈÏÒÓÂÈ ¤Ó· ÎÔÌÌ¿ÙÈ ¯·ÚÙ› Î·È Ù˘ „È-ı˘Ú›˙ÂÈ ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ·. TÔ Ô›ËÌ· ‹Ù·Ó Û ÌÈ··fi ÙȘ ·ÊÚÈηÓÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ï¤ÎÙÔ˘˜, ÌÈ· ÁÏÒÛ-Û· ÙfiÛÔ ¿ÁÓˆÛÙË ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙËÓ›‰È· ÙË M·Ú›Ó·, ·ÊÔ‡ fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ‰ÂÓ ÙË ÌÈÏ¿·ÏÏ¿ ‰ÂÓ ÙËÓ ·ÎÔ‡ÂÈ Î·Ó Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›-Ù·È ÛÙÔ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂÈ·Îfi Ù˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. TÔ Ô›-ËÌ· fï˜ ÙÔ ¤Ì·ıÂ Ë M·Ú›Ó· Û˘ÏÏ·‚‹-Û˘Ï-Ï·‚‹ Î·È ÙÔ ·¿ÁÁÂÈÏ - Ì ÙË Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ù˘‰·ÛοϷ˜ ›Ûˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔ˘ÚÙ›Ó·. EÂȉ‹ Ô·Ù¤Ú·˜ Ù˘ ηٿÁÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ AÊÚÈ΋, ËM·Ú›Ó· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi Ì·‡ÚÔ ·È‰› ÛÙÔÛ¯ÔÏ›Ô. °È’ ·˘Ùfi ›Ûˆ˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·Ó·Ù¤ıËΠÔÚfiÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‘ÂÎÚÔÛÒÔ˘’ Ù˘ ·ÊÚÈηÓÈ΋˜ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ Î·È ÎÔ˘ÏÙÔ‡Ú·˜ ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÌÏÔ˘-ÙÈÛÙ› ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÌÈ·˜ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛ˘ ·ÊÈÂ-ڈ̤Ó˘ ÛÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙÔÓ ·ÓÙÈ-Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌfi, Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ·Ï‚·ÓÈΤ˜ ηÈÊÈÓÏ·Ó‰ÈΤ˜ ÛËÌ·›Â˜, ÎÔÚÈÙÛ¿ÎÈ· ÓÙ˘Ì¤Ó·™·ÓÈfiϘ Î·È K˘ÚÈÔԇϘ ÎÈ ·ÁfiÚÈ· IӉȿ-ÓÔ˘˜ Î·È Î·Ô˘Ìfiˉ˜.E›Ó·È ÙÔ ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ÂÚÈÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi
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‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÈ΋ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË; OˆÛ‰‹ÔÙÂ, ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÌfiÓÔ ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÙˆÓ ÔÈÎ›ÏˆÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔ-Ù‹ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Â˜ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ‰È·-ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘, fi¯È fï˜ ·Û‡-ÓËı˜. EÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, Ù¤ÙÔȘ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ ‘ÂÔÚ-Ù·ÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·s’ Ì ÌÔ˘ÛÈ΋,¯ÔÚÔ‡˜, ··ÁÁÂϛ˜, ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷΤ˜ ÛÙÔϤ˜Î·È ‰¤ÛÌ·Ù·, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٷÎÚÈı› Î·È ¤¯Ô˘ÓÁ›ÓÂÈ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ Ó· ÍÂÂÚ·ÛÙÔ‡Ó Â‰Ò Î·È‰ÂηÂٛ˜ Û BÚÂÙ·Ó›· Î·È AÌÂÚÈ΋. £Âˆ-ÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜, ·ÊÔ‡ ·Ô‰›‰Ô˘ÓÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ÌÂÈÔÓÔÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙÂ˜Î·È ÚfiÏÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ·˘Ù¿ ›Ûˆ˜ ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›-˙Ô˘Ó ˆ˜ ‰Èο ÙÔ˘˜. EÈÚfiÛıÂÙ·, Ë ¤ÌÊ·ÛËÔ˘ ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó Û ÛÙÔȯ›· ÌÂÈÔÓÔÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÒÓ fiˆ˜ Ê·ÁËÙ¿, ¯ÔÚÔ› Î·È ÙÚ·ÁÔ‡‰È·,ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ̤ڷ ‹ ¤Ó· ‰ÂηÂÓı‹ÌÂÚÔ Ù˘ Û¯Ô-ÏÈ΋˜ ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿˜, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ëˆ˜ Ë ÎÔ˘ÏÙÔ‡Ú· Ù˘ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›·˜ ›ӷȑÓÔÚÌ¿Ï’, ÂÓÒ ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ¿ÏÏ· ÛÙÔȯ›··Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ‘Â͈ÙÈο’ Î·È ‘Ì·ÎÚÈÓ¿’. TÈÂ›Ó·È ÏÔÈfiÓ ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÙÔ˘˜ ‰¿Ûη-ÏÔ˘˜ Û ٤ÙÔȘ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜, ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ Û˘¯Ó¿ÔÈ ›‰ÈÔÈ ·ÌÊÈÛ‚ËÙÔ‡Ó, ‰ÈÂÚˆÙÒÌÂÓÔÈ ‘ÔÈԘͤÚÂÈ ·Ó Â›Ó·È Î·Ï¿ ¤ÙÛÈ Ô˘ οÓÔ˘ÌÂ’;H ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· ÙˆÓ K‡ÚÈˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ-ÎÒÓ, ·ÓÂÍ·Úًو˜ ı¤Û˘ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜,‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ٿÍÂȘ fiÔ˘ οı ›‰Ô˘˜ ‰È·-ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔÓ Î·ÓfiÓ· Î·È fi¯ÈÙËÓ ÂÍ·›ÚÂÛË. EÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, ÙȘ Ï›ÛÙ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ï¿‚ÂÈ Î·ÓÂÓfi˜ ›‰Ô˘˜ ηٿÚÙÈÛË ÛÂÛ¯¤ÛË Ì ÙË ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË Î·È‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÍÔÏÈÛÙ› Ì ÙȘ ηٿÏÏËϘ ÁÓÒ-ÛÂȘ Î·È ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈΤ˜ ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÂÙ·ÌÔÚÊÒ-ÛÔ˘Ó ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ·fi ‘Úfi‚ÏËÌ·’Û ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èη-Û›·˜. OÈ ‰¿ÛηÏÔÈ ÊˆÓ¿˙Ô˘Ó ‘ı¤ÏÔ˘Ì ‚Ô‹-ıÂÈ·’ Î·È ÔÈ ‰È¢ı˘ÓÙ¤˜, ·ÂÏÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ ÌÚÔ-ÛÙ¿ ÛÙȘ ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¤˜ ·Ê›ÍÂȘ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÛË-Ì¿‰È· ·fi ÛÊ·›Ú˜ Î·È ÂÌÂÈڛ˜ Ô˘ ÔÈ Û˘Ì-Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó ÌfiÓÔ Ó· Ê·ÓÙ·ÛÙÔ‡Ó,ÂÊ¢ڛÛÎÔ˘Ó Î¿ı ›‰Ô˘˜ χÛÂȘ ÁÈ· Ù· Û˘-Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Ú·ÎÙÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È. ¶ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ÏfiÁˆ ¤ÏÏÂÈ-„˘ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹˜, ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚÔ‡˜ Î·È ÂÌÂÚÈ-Ûٷو̤Ó˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯‹ ÙˆÓÌ·ıËÙÒÓ ·fi ÌÂÈÔÓÔÙÈο ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·, ¯Úfi-ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡, ÏfiÁˆ ·Ô˘-Û›·˜ ÌÈ·˜ ˘ËÚÂÛ›·˜ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ·ÛÙÒÓ Ô˘ ¤ÛÙˆ·fi ÙËÏÂÊÒÓÔ˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ηıÔ‰Ë-Á› ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È¢ı˘ÓÙ¤˜ ÛÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈ-ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Ì ٷ ÓÂÔ·Êȯı¤ÓÙ· ·È‰È¿ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ÁÔÓ›˜. ‘NÈÒıˆ Ù‡„ÂȘ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ˆ ¯ÚfiÓÔÓ· ÙÔ˘˜ Ì¿ıˆ ‰˘Ô ϤÍÂȘ’, ‘ÌfiÓË Ì·˜ ÛÙÚ·-ÙËÁÈ΋ Â›Ó·È Ë ‰È΋ Ì·˜ ·Á¿Ë Î·È ·Ô‰Ô¯‹- Ù›ÔÙ’ ¿ÏÏÔ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘ÌÂ’, ‘ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‰Âη-ÂÓÓÈ¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ηÚȤڷ˜ ‰ÈÂÚˆÙÒÌ·È ·Ó Ú¤-ÂÈ Ó· Û˘Ó¯›Ûˆ ‹ fi¯È, ÂÚÁ·˙fiÌÂÓÔ˜ Û ·˘-Ù‹ ÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ·‚‚·ÈfiÙËÙ·’, ‘Ì·˜ ¤¯ÂÈÁ›ÓÂÈ ¿Á¯Ô˜’, ‘̷οÚÈ Ó· ÌËÓ ¿ÏÏ·˙ ÔÙ¤ ËK‡ÚÔ˜’. OÈ ·fi„ÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÈ-ΛÏÏÔ˘Ó Î·È ÔÈ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈΤ˜ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ η-Ù·Ï‹ÁÔ˘Ó ÁÈ· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË Ù˘ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ÔÏÏ·Ϥ˜. M›· ·’ ·˘Ù¤˜, Ë Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔ›-ËÛË ÂΉËÏÒÛÂˆÓ ‘ÂÔÚÙ·ÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂ-ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜’.EÓÒ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Û˘ÓÙ·Á¤˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·-ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË, ÙÔ Û›ÁÔ˘ÚÔ Â›Ó·Èˆ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÛÙÔÏ›‰È Ô˘ÚÔÛÙ›ıÂÙ·È Û ¤Ó· Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Ô˘ ηٿ Ù· ¿Ï-Ï· ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ. H ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÂÎ-·›‰Â˘ÛË Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ‚·ıÈ¿ Î·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ·Ï-Ï·Á‹, Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈηÙÔÙÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ‰Ú·Ì·ÙÈΤ˜·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ Û οı ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ ·Ó-ıÚÒÈÓ˘ ˙ˆ‹˜. E›Ó·È ÌÈ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÚÔ-Û¤ÁÁÈÛË ‚·ÛÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙÔ Û‚·ÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi-ÙËÙ·˜, ÛÙԯ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ Û οı ̤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ÎÔÈ-ÓˆÓ›·˜.¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ ¤Ó· ÔÏÈÛÙÈÎfi ÂÂÌ‚·ÙÈÎfi ÌÔÓÙ¤-ÏÔ, Â›ÛËÌÔ Î·È ·ÓÂ›ÛËÌÔ, Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿-ÓÂÈ Î¿ı ·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·-‰Èηۛ·˜, ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÈÙ¢¯ı› Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋ÈÛfiÙËÙ· ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ,Ó· ÚÔˆıËı› Ë ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·Î·È Ó· ÍÂÂÚ·ÛÙ› Ô Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌfi˜ Û fiϘ ÙÔ˘ÙȘ ÌÔÚʤ˜
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. A˘Ùfi ÌÔÚ› Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ ÌfiÓÔ Ì¤-Û· ·fi ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ÔÏÏ·ÏÒÓ ÚÔÔ-ÙÈÎÒÓ Û ı¤Ì·Ù· Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È Ï‹„˘·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ, ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘ Î·È ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË˜ÙˆÓ ‰·ÛοψÓ, ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ,ÁψÛÛÒÓ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜, ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓÎ·È ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚȉ›ˆÓ Î·È ·ÏÏËÏÂȉڿÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓÌ·ıËÙÒÓ
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.EÓÒ Ë ¤ÎıÂÛË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÌÂÙ·Ú-Ú‡ıÌÈÛ˘ ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ ÌÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÚÒÙˆÓ ‚Ë-Ì¿ÙˆÓ ÚÔ˜ ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË, ÂÓÙÔ‡-ÙÔȘ ÔÈ ‘ÂÔÚÙ·ÛÌÔ› Ù˘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜’ÂÍ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Û˘Ó‹ıÂȘ ‰Ú·-ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ-΋˜ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘ ÛÙ· Û¯ÔÏ›·. MÈ· Èı·Ó‹ÂÍ‹ÁËÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ fiÚÈÛÌ· Ù˘ ÂÈÙÚÔ-‹˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË, Ô˘‚Ú›ÛÎÂÈ ÙÔ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘ K‡-ÚÔ˘ Û ¤Ó· ȉÂÔÏÔÁÈÎÔÔÏÈÙÈÎfi Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂÏ-ÏËÓÔ΢ÚÔÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi, ÛÙÂÓ¿ ÂıÓÔÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi, ηÈÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈο ÌÔÓÔÏÈıÈÎfi, Ô˘ ·ÁÓÔ› ÙË ‰È·-ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÏ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙË-Ù· Ù˘ ΢Úȷ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔÓÂÍÂ˘Úˆ·˚ÛÌfi Î·È ÙË ‰ÈÂıÓÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ΢-Úȷ΋˜ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘. MÈ· ÎÔÓÙÈÓ‹ Ì·ÙÈ¿ ÛÂÌÈ· ‘Û˘ÓËıÈṲ̂ÓË’ ΢Úȷ΋ Ù¿ÍË, ·Ô‰ÂÈ-ÎÓ‡ÂÈ ˆ˜ Ë ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜, ıÚË-ÛΛ·˜, ÂıÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÎÔ˘ÏÙÔ‡Ú·˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›-Ó·È ¤Ó· ÌÂÌÔӈ̤ÓÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ·ÏÏ¿ÙfiÛÔ ·Ó·fiÊ¢ÎÙË Î·È ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓË, ÒÛÙ ÔÈÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ‘·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ‹˜’ Ù˘ ˆ˜ ‘Úfi-‚ÏËÌ·’ ‹ ÚÔÒıËÛ˘ Ù˘ ȉ¤·˜ ˆ˜ ȉ·ÓÈ-Τ˜ Ù¿ÍÂȘ Î·È ÎÔÈӈӛ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÔÌÔÈÔÁÂ-Ó›˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÂÌfi‰È· ÛÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ ›‰È·˜Ù˘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfiÙ˘ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÂÌÂÈ-Ú›·˜ οı ·ÙfiÌÔ˘ Û ÌÈ· ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·. H Ì·ıË-Ûȷ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· fï˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÂÌÂÈڛ˜ ˙ˆ-‹˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ‰ÂÓ ÂÌÏÔ˘Ù›-˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ËÌÂÚ›‰Â˜ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ ÂÎ·›-‰Â˘Û˘ ‹ ·ÓËÁ˘Ú¿ÎÈ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û‚·ÛÌfi Ù˘‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜. H ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÛÙËÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›· Î·È ÛÙËÓ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ˘ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Â›-ÁÔ˘Û· Î·È ¯Ú‹˙ÂÈ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ÌÂϤÙ˘ ο-ı ÏÂ˘Ú¿˜ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜,ÒÛÙ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ, ·Ó ·ÎfiÌ· ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘ÌÂÊÙ¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ó· ͤÚÔ˘Ì ÙÈ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó·Î¿ÓÔ˘ÌÂ, Ó· ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·È ·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È.
*¢È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈ΋ ÊÔÈÙ‹ÙÚÈ· ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ §ÔÓ‰›ÓÔ˘
1. ŸÏ· Ù· ÔÓfiÌ·Ù· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ·ı› Ì „¢‰ÒÓ˘Ì·.2. TÔ ÂÚÈÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi Î·È Ù· ·ÔÛ¿ÛÌ·Ù· ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ ÚÔ¤Ú¯Ô-ÓÙ·È ·fi ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ÂıÓÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Û ‰ËÌÔÙÈο Û¯ÔÏ›· Ù˘ K‡ÚÔ˘ ηٿ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘˜ ÙȘ ¯ÚÔÓȤ˜ 2006-08.3. Aguado, T. and Malik, B. (2001), ‘Cultural diversity and school equality: intercultural education in Spain from a European perspective’. Intercultural Education, 12 (2),149-162.4. UNESCO. (2006), UNESCO Guidelines in Intercultural Education. Paris: United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organization, Section of Education for Peace and Human Rights, Division for the Promotion of Quality Education, Education Sector 
H ηıËÌÂÚÈÓfiÙËÙ· Ù˘‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘
 ∞fi ÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô «Century». T· ·È‰È· ·ÌÂÚÈηÓÒÓ ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÒÓ ÛÙÔ μÈÂÙÓ¿Ì (1982).
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