LTT 4551

Biologi
September
2009

JABATAN PELAJARAN KELANTAN

DENGAN KERJASAMA
PERSIDANGANKEBANGSAANPENGETUA-PENGETUA
SEKOLAH MENBNGAH MALAYSIA
CAWANGANKELANTAN

PE,PERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2OO9

BIOLOG]t
i

PEMERIKSA SAIIAJA
UIVTUKKEGUIYAAIY

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PERCUBAAN
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PAPER1
BIOLOGY

1 B 16 B 31 B

2 B 17 D 32 D

3 A 1B B 33 D

4 C 19 C 34 C

5 D 20 B 35 D

6 B 21 B 36 C

22 C 37 A BIC
7 D
23 C 3B B PAPER I
B C
I D 24 B 39 D

10 D 25 1 D 40 C

11 C 26 A 41 A

12 A 27 B 42 D

13 A 28 C 43 D

14 D 29 B 44 B

15 D 30 C 45 C

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SectionA
[ 60 marks]
Answerall questions.
The time suggestedto compleielhis section
i.s90 mintttes
Diagraml.l showstype
Rajah I. I menunjukkanjenis_jenis karbohidrat
J, K dan L

O J
,/
tl

\_.,/"r\_*^
'\'

K
//'--\

vf), "''-\ .''-\

\-rzf,\-rlv''\-/
,r-\
L
DIAGRAM I.I I RAJAH1.]

(a) (i) Name the typesof carbohydrates labelledJ and K.

Namakan jenis karbohidrst berlabelJ clan
K.
.,
J : glucose/ fructose / galactose .^/l.oncs'.cc l"o> 'r{ e
K: maltose/ sucrose/ Iactose D ,.. 1'cl*vu rdo-

(i i) Name the processwhere K is converte{d

to L.
Namakanproses di mana K ditukarkan kepada
L.
Condensation

(iii) I is food storagein plant cell. Give

one exampleof L.
L adalah simpanan makanan di daromser tttmbuhan.
Beri satu contoh L
Starch

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juI_,I'l-
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Diagrarn1.2showsthe structureof an organelleY.

Rajah 1.2 menunjttkkanstruktur organel Y
{'l

Lil
cf arn

DIAGRAM 1.21Ralah 1.2

(i) Basedon (a)(iii) labelthe part whereL is found in Diagram 1.2.

Berdasarkan (a)(iii), labelkan bahagian di mana L didapati pada Rajah 1.2.
L ll starch l1 marlfl
(ii) Name the processthat occur in P andQ.
Namakan proses yang berlalat di P dan Q

P : Light reaction/ photolysisof water

Q : Dark reactioni rcductionof carbon dioxide

l2 ntarl<s)

(iii) Statethe productof P and Q.

Nyatakan hasil P dan Q.

P : Oxygen / water / hydrogen atom / ATP

Q : Glucose
l2 marks)
(c) Write down the word equationfor photosyntesis.
r "I
Tuliskanpersamaanperkataan bagifotosintesis.

light
Water + carbon dioxide glucose* oxygen
chlorophyll
l1 ruarkl
What happento the rateof photosyntesisat low temperature.Explain why.
Apakah yang berlaku kepada kadarfotosintesis pada suhu yang rendah. Terangkan
mengapa.
F - The rate of photosynthesis
is low
P - At low temperature,(photosynthetic) enzymeis inactive
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Diagram 2 shows apart of humandigestivesystem.

Rajah 2 menunjukkansebahagiandari sistempencernaanmanusia.

X
Y

I mark

D IAGRAM2/M JAH2

(a) Name the structurelabelled X and Y

Namakan struktur berlabel X dan Y.

X : Gall bladder
Y: Liver
[ 2 marl<s]

(b) Draw a digestiveorgan which also actsas an endocrinegland in Diagram 2.

Lukiskan satu organ pencernoanyang juga bertindak sebagai kelenjar endolcrindalam
Rajah 2.
I I markl

(c) Digestedfood is absorbedand assimilatedin our body. Explain the assimilationprocess

of amino acid in organ Y and body cells"
Makanan tercerna diserap dan diasimilasikan dalam badan. Terangkan proses
assimilasi asid amino di organ Y dan sel-sel badan.

Organ Yl Organ Y:
Excessamino acids are broken down / converted into urea // excessamino acids
are deaminatedinto urea
.
ll markl
Body cells / Sel-selbadan:
Synthesisof new protein / for growth
Repair the damagedtissues
Synthesisenzyme/ hormone etc
2 marla

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(d ) In anexperiment,individualQ drinksa glassof glucosesolution.faUie t snowstne

changesin his blood glucoseconcentration.
Dalam satu eksperimenindividu Q telah meminum.segelaslarutan glukosa.
Jadttal I menunjukkanperubahan kepekatangula di dalam darahnya.

Tirnei min The concentrationof blood glucose / ( g dm-t )

Masa / rnin Kepekatan gula dalam darah ( g dm-' )

0 90
30 t32
60 153

90 90

120 85

150 74
Table ll Jadual I

(i) Basedon Table 1, draw a graphof blood glucoseconcentration againsttime.

BerdasarkanJadual l, lukis satu graf kepekatangula dctrah melawan masa.

| 3 marks l
(ii) Explain the role of the organyou havedrawnin regulatingblood glucoseconcentration
from 0 minute to 90 minutes.
Terangkanperanan organ yang anda lukis di dalam mengawalatur kepekatangula
dalam darah dari minit 0 hingga ke 90.

PI From 0 to 60 minutes,the blood glucoselevel increases

P2 (beta cell in) pancreasis stimulatedto secreteinsulin
P3 Insulin stimulatesthe conversionof excessglucoseto glycogen(in the liver)
P4 This causethe glucoselevel decreaseto the normal level at the 90 th minute.
13marl<sl

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Diagram3 showsthreetypesof n.uro@

Rajah 3 merutnjukkantiga jenis neuron dalam badanmanusia.

Neurone P

tsF>F-s

NeuroneQ

NeuroneR
DIAGRAM 3I RAJAH3

(a) NameneuroneP andneuronee.

NamakanneuroneP dan neurone.

NeuroneP : Afferentneurone/ sensoryneurone.

Neurone
Q: Interneurone
ll markl
(b) (i) Name structureX.
Narnakanstruktur X.

Synapse
I I markl
(ii) Explainhow the transmissionof nerveimpulseacrossthe X.
Terangkanbagaimanapemindahan impuls saraf merentasix

I'1 - When an impulses/ electricalsign:rls reachesin the axon terminal

P2 - Stimulates (synaptic) vesicresto*mov_e -
to-wards(a.a-'-
bind with the presynapticmemnianel
P3 - The vesiclesfuse / releasethe neurotransmitter/ acetylcoline
/ exampleof
neurotransmitter into the synapse/ X.
P4 - The neurotransmitter diffusesacrossthe synapse/ X
P5 - This leadsto the generationof new impulsl/ eiectricalsignals
in which
travelsalong the e / neurone

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Terangkanlaluan dalam arka reflela yang melibatkan tiga neuron di atas.

Pl - NeuroneP detectthe stirnulusand triggersthe nerve impulses
P2 - (The nerve impulses)are transmitted along neurone P to neuront: Q (in the
spinalcord) through/ via synapse.
P3 - (The nerve impulses)are then transmitted from neurone Q to neurone R
through synapse
13 narks)

A dog suddenlybarksand chasesyou. Your heartbeatincreases

and your palmsbecomesweaty.You feel so scaredand run
away.
Seekoranjing'tiba-tiba menyalakdan mengejaranda. Degupan
jantung anda meningkatdan tapak tangananda berpeluh.Anda
merasa amat takut dan terus melarikan diri.

Basedon the abovestatementdescribehow endocrinesystemis involved in the fight

and flight' situation.
Berdasarkanpenyataan di atas, huraikan bagaimanasistem endokrin tertibat dalam
'lawan
situasi dan lari'.

F - adrenalineis secretedby adrenalgland

Pl - (adrenaline)causethe heartbeat/ b_rea_thing rate increase
-
P2 more oxygen and glucow-aresent/transportedto the tissues
P3 - metabolic rate / cellular rggptrationincreases
P4 - more energy is ptodueed (to run away)
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Diagrarn4 showsthe humanbreathingmechanism.

Rajah 4 ntenunjukkanmekanisme p ernafasan manusia

ProcessX ProcessY
Prose,g
X process Y

DIAGRAM 4 IRAJAH 4

(a) (i) Name thc processX and y.

Namakan proses X dan Y.

X : Inhalation/ Inspiration
Y : Exhalation/ Expiration
12markr)
(ii) Stateone differenceof p in processX andy.
Nyatakan satu perbezaanpada p dalam proses X dan y.

In X, P is flatten while in y, p is dome shape.

tt mark)
(iii) In the box given,draw an alrow to show the movementof ribcagein y.
Dalam kotak yang disediakan, lukiskan satu anak panah untuk menunjukkan
pergerakan sangkar rusuk pada y.
llmarkl
(b) Explainthe mechanismof processX"
Terangkan mekanismeproses X.

Pl - Outer / externalintercostalsmusclecontracts/ inner intercostalsmusclerelax

P2 - Causingvolume of thoraciccavity increases
P3 - Pressurein the lung / thoraciccavity decreases
P4 - Outsideair entersinto the lung
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I{idayatis a sprinter,hasmaintained his breathingduring 100 metcrs

running. After crossingthe finishingline,he pantsheavily.
Hidayat seorang pelari pecut telah mengekalkanpernafasannya
.temasa mernbuat larian I00 meter. Selepas melepasi grtrisan
penamat,beliau tercungap-cungap.

(i) Statethe type of respirationto ensurethat he is ableto finish his running.

Nyatakanjenis respirasi untuk memastikandia dapat menamatkanlariunnya
Anaerobicrespiration

ll narkf
(ii) Write a chemicalequationfor the answerin (c)(i).
Ttrliskansatupersamaankimia untukjawapan dalam @(i).

CeHrzOe) 2 C3H6O3* Energy

-€)
[l na,k]
(iii) Explainwhy he is panting.
Terangkanmengapabeliau tercungap-cungap.
Pl - To obtain iinhale more oxygen
P2 - the extra oxygenis usedto oxidizethe lactic acid to carbon dirixideand
rvater (which are then excreted)
P3 - oxygendebt have beenpaid
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Table2 showsthe concentration

of certainsubstances
in the blood plasmi and urine.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan kepekatan bahan tertentu yang terdapat di dalam plasma darah clan
air kencinrr.
u nctn
Substances Concentration(%)
Bahan Kepekatan(%)
Blood Plasma Urine
Plasma darah Air kencing
Salt/ gararn 0.03 1.50
PlasmaproteinI Proteinplasma 8.00 0.00
GlucoseI Glukosa 0.10 0.00
Amino acidlasid amino 0.05 0.00
IJreaI urea 0.03 2.00
Water 91.00 96.00

Table2lRajahZ

Explainwhy urine doesnot containplasmaprotein.

Terangkanmengapaair kencing tidak mengandungiprotein plasma.
Pl - Plasmaprotein are too big/large
P2 - to passthrough (the filtration membraneof) the glomerulus

12marl<sl

The percentage of ureaand salt arehigherin urinethan in blood plasma. Explainwhy.

Peratus kandungan urea dan garam adalah lebih tinggi di dalam air kencing
berbanding di dalam plasma darah. Terangkanmengapa.

Pl -Urea and salt are small moleculesand

P2 -theseare secretedfrom the blood into the renal tubule
P3 -urea and salt are not rcabsorbed(but are passedout in the urine).
12marl<sl

Aldosteroneis involvedin osmoregulation in the kidney.

Hormon aldosteron terlibat di dalam pengosmokawalaturan di ginjat"

(i) Name the endocrineglandthat secretes

aldosterone.
Namakan kelenjar endokrin yang merembeskanaldosteron"

Adrenal gland
ll mark)

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(ii) Explain the effectof takingsalty food on urine output.

Terangkankesanpengambilanmakananmasin terhadappenghasilanair
kencing.

Pl - blood osmoticpressureincrease
P2 - detectedby osmoreceptorin the hypothalamus
P3 - adrenalgland is less/ not stimulated//less / no alclosterone
is secretcd
P4 - The distal convulatedtubule / collectingduct are less pcrmeatrleto
P5 - salt // Iesssalt is reabsorbedinto the blood capillary
P6 - small amount of / concentratcdurine is produced
(Any 4)
14mail<sl
(d) Diagram5 showsthe flow of blood and dialysisflrrid througha dialysismachine.
Rajah 5 menunjukkanaliran darah dan bendalir dialisis melalui suatu mesin dialisis.

Heparin

t
r\

Dialysistluid-

Dial1,sis
membrane
TubeQ

DIAGRAM 5I RAJAH 5

Tube P containmore nitrogenouswastecomparedto tube Explain why.

e.
Tiub P mengandungibanyakbahankumuh bernitrogenberbandingtiub
e.
Terangkan mengapa.
Pl - The concentrationof dialysisfluid is maintainedat a concentrationsimilar to
the blood plasmaof healthyperson
-
P2 the concentrationof nitrogenouswaste/ urea / salt in P higher than dialysis
fluid
-
P3 urea / salt diffusedout into dialysisfluid
P4 - through semi-permeable tubing
(Any3)
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SectionB
[ 40 marks]
Answerany two question.
The tirnesuggested to completethis sectionis 60 minutes
Diagrarn6.1 shows the cross -section of a leaf ancl stem that involved
transportation
of substancesin a dicotyledonplant.
Gambarajah 6.1 ntenunjukkankeratan rentas daun dan batang yang berkaitan
denganpengangkutan bahan-bahandalam satu tumbuhanc{ikotiledon.

DIAGRAM 6.lIRAJAH6.]

(a) Statethemeaningof translocation.

Berikan makgudtranslokasi t2 marl<s)
(b) P and Q are vasculartissues.Explainhow P and e play the role in the
transportation
of substancesin plants.
P dan Q adalah tisu vaskular. Terangkanbagaimana p dan e
memainkanperanan dalampengangkutan bahandalam tumbuhan.
lB marksl
(a) Ableto statethe meaningof translocation.

F 1 transport of organicsubstances/
product of ptrotosynthesis/
glucose/amino
acid 1
I

P 1 from the leavesto all part of thi: plants 1

P2 through phloem/ sievetube 1

(Fl and any P)

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(b) Ablc to explainon horvphloem(P) and xylem (e) play the role in transport
the substances in dicotyledonsplants.

Phloem/ P
Fl P is phloem// consistsof sievetubesand companioncell
P1 lvhich transport organiccompounds/ glucose/ productsof photosynthesis
PZ by translocation
P3 from leave to all part of the plant..
(Fland any 2 P)

X1'lem/ Q
F2 Q is xylem // consistof vessels,trachied etc
Pl Q / Xylem is adaptedwith long / narrow / continuoustubes
P2 transports wa.terin plants

P3 lly root pressure

I'4 rvater enters xilem/Q by osmosis
or
P3 by transpirationalpull
P4 rvateris pulled out of xylem during transpiration
or
P3 by capillaryaction// Cohesionand adhensionforces.
P4 cohesion-due to the forces betweenwater moleculesadhesion- the forces
befweenwater moleculesand wall of xylem

(F2, Pland P2 and anyP3 or p4)

2
(c) Diagram6.2 showsthe differentzonesof growthand developmentin a
plant'sroot tip.
Explainthe processoccurringin zonesA, B and C.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkanzonperkembangandanpertumbuhanyang berbeza
pada htlung akar tumbuhan.
Terangkanproses yang berlaku di zon A, B dan C.

lt'ter
"t-.-- nl!1tU t'e
l-J.n tissue

Zone C

ZoneB

Root clp ZoneA

DIAGRAM 6.IIRAJAH 6.1

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A b l e t o e r p l a i nt h ep r o c e s o
s c c u r r i n g zonesA, B andC.

F 1 ZoneA z o n eo f c e l l d i v i s i o n
D I
l l This is meristematic
tissue,trrecellsdivideactivelyby repeated
mitosis
P2 to increasethe numberof cells for growth
P 3 The cells aresmall-sized,with larg! nucleiand closelypacked.
DA
la Partof it forntsthe root cap
P 5 The otherpart entersthe zoneof elongation Any 3
F2 ZoneB is zoneof elongation
P1 This is the zoneof cell growth
P2 The cells absorbwaterrapidly by osmosis I
P3 The size of the vacuoleincreases
P4 Small vacuolesfuseto form a largecentralvacuole
Any 2
F3 Zone C is zoneof differentiation
P 1 The cells undergo differentiationto carryout specificfunctions
P2 The cells changeto form the epidermis,cortex,xyrem and phloem in
plants
P3 Examples: xylem cells fonn vesselsand tracheidsto transport
water
and minerals.(Accept any othersuitableexamples)
Any 2

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Diagrar Gametogenesisp diagram

of gametoGametogenesisGi ,
tlre human reproductiveog1
e P ri mo rd ial ger m cell- >
RajahTmenunjukkanrajat pdanedalantorgan
, : o
p c , - h i n L n , ,, ' , ^ n u s i e . l , ,12-.r
'),/
Oogoni
Prc--^-
,x o
Spermatogoni \( \
\
..r
Proc-4-
,n Primary :.( Primary
oocyte 'n":'atocYt
t

l-\
/\ -/ /
*;oni,Q)2, ( Secondr scermaoucniaCz, or,rnu"
\
I spermatocyt
Firstpolar I
body .)ul;ly v
)tocyt€
, ,/ /\ - \
,/\
;@
irt po'ar
cd/
Se co n d
p o l a rb o d y
/
D seccndary
oocft€ ;*-\

/ \ /\
/,\/ \
, rt
.rQ
em'd pclar
"Q,QN o,o
m0\' ( ( f/
rl
sperm

DIAGRAM 1/RAJAH 7
(a) Describethe processof gametogenesis p.
B incangkanpros es gametogenesis P.
| 4 marks )
p.
Able to describc the processof gametogenesis
Pl Nameof process:Oogenesis
P2 Primordialgerm cell (2n) undergoesmitosisto produceoogonia (2n)
P3 Oogonium(2n) srows and developsinto primaryoocyte(2n).
P4 Primary oocytes (2n) undergo meiosis I to produce ( one) seconoary
oocytes(n) and one first polar body Any 4
P5 secondaryoocytes(n) undergomeiosisII to produce an ovum and one
secondpolarbody.

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P6 First polar body may divide und fo* aaffi

(b) Comparethe gametogenesis processp and e .

Bandingkan antara proses gametogenesisp dan
e.
16marksl

Able to compare( similaritiesand differences for processp

) and e.
Similarities:
- Both producegametes
- Both involvedmeiosis
- Both startwith primordialgerm
cells
- Both occurin the reproductiveorgans
Differcnccs:

Gametogenesis
P Gametogenesis
Q
Oogenesis Spermatogenesis
Producesovum Producessperrns

Takeplacein ovary Takeplacein testis

Producesan ovum and 3 Produces

4 sperms
polarbody.
Any 4
Doesnot involve Involvesthe process
differentiation differentiation( to produce
spenn)

Unequaldivisionof cwoplasm Equaldivisionof

duringmeiosis cytoplasmduringmeiosis

(c) A rnarriedcouplehas l0 children after thirteenyearstheyhad

lived
together.They decidedto limit the numberof childrenby practicing
birth
control.
Explainthe methods in birth control that canbe usedfor
this counle.
satu pasangan mempunyai I0.orang anak serepastiga beras
tahtrn hidup
' bersqnla- Mereka mengambirkeputisan untuk menghadkan
birangan
anak dengan mengrmarkanperancang keruarga. ferangkan
kae"dah-
kaedah mencegahkehamiran yong *ir"ka borehgunakan.
!0 marl<sl
Ableto explainthemethodsin birthcontrolandhoweachmethod
couldnrevent
pregnancy.

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Femalc
Fl l'ubal ligation
P1 bothFallopiantubesaretiedandcut
P2 spenxs cannotfertilizethe ovum
FZ Contraseptivepitls
Pl pill containsoestrogenand progesterone
P2 preventfoilicle developmentand owlation
F3 Intrauterine device(IUD)
P l I U D i s f i t t e di n t h eu t e r u s
P2 prevent implantationof zygote
F4 Presenceof Mucus
PI Fertileperiod// producemucus
P2 avoid sexualintercource
F5 Diaphragm
Pl coverthecervix
PZ preventsperms from enteringthe utenrs.
Any 3 - (F+Pl) and P2 :2 mark
l\{ale
Fl V:rsectomy
Pl Vas deferens/ spermducts are tied and cut
P2 spermscannotbe transferredout.
F2 Condom
P1 is placed over erectedpenis
P2 Preventspermfrom enteringthe vagina
F3 Withdrawal method
P I Penisis rvithdrawnfiom the vaginabeforeejaculation
P2 Preventsperm from enteringthe vagina
F4 Rhythm methods
Pl Fertileperiodthat is 3 daysbeforeand 3 daysafter
or.,ulation.
P2 avoid sexualinterct-rurse"

Any2- (F+P1)andP2 :2mark

Acceptanysuitable
points.

1
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Max l0

!
c
O

C)

E =
z
z
Characteristic Characteristic
human.
Rajah 8.1 dan 8.2 menunjukkantaburan dua variasi genetik
dlm marusia.

DIAGRAMS.IIRAJAH B.] DIAGRAM 8.2/ RAJAH 8.]

Witha suitable
example,
explainthecomparisonof two kinds of
variation.
Dengan menggunakancontoh yang sesu,i, terangkanperbandingan
di
antara kedua-dua variasi tersebut.
[10 marks]
Sumple answer:
Exampleof continuous variation:Heightor weight
Exampleof discontinuous variation:ABO blooJgroup
Similarities:
- both createvarietiesin the population
of species
- both type of variationsare caused
by enviionmentfactoror geneticfactors
' or both
Differences
Continr-rous
variation Discontinuous
variation
Graphdistributionshor.vs
a Graphdistribution
showsa discrete
normaldistribution distribution

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Thecharacters are quantitative

/ can be measuredand graded
(from one extrymeto the other)
Exhibitsa spectrumof
The charactersare qualitative/ cannotbe
measuredand graded(from one extreme
to the other)
.f-
rl
Exhibitsa fervdistinctivephenotypes
phenotypes u,ith intennediate with no intermediatecharacter
character
Infl uencedby enr.,ironmental Is not Influencedby environmental
factors factors
Two or moregenescontrol the
samecharacter
The phenotype is usually
A singlegenesdeterminesthe
differencesin the traitsof the character
The phenotypeis controlledby a pair of
,i
controlledby manypair of
alleles
alleles
,i,0
:b) Tlrc variationof ABO blpod groupdetenninedby threedifferent allel,a q
but an individualcancarryonly two of the threealleles.
with schematic diagram,explainthe possibilities of the bloodgrouparrd
the genotypes of the offspringif the father'sblood group is A ana tLe
mothcr'sbloodgroupis AB.
l/ariasi dalam kumpulandarah ABo ditentukanoleh tiga alel yang
berbeza,tetapi setiap individu hanya membawadua diripada- tigi atel
tersebut.
Dengan gambarajah skema, /erangkan kebarangkalian kuntpulan darah
dan genotip pada anakjika ayahnya mempunyaikumpulan darah A clan
ibrt kumpulandarah AB.
110m,zrksf
lble to explain thepossibilities of the blooclgroup anclthe genotypesof the
,ffipring u,henthe.father'sblood group is A and the mothei's biood gioup
is t tB.
lampleanswer:
'here
aretwo possibilities;
) Parents Father Mother
Parent's'genotype: Io Io X IAIB
meiosis
-T----
I '--r-n -\---
Gamete tA IA lll
,,
-\---=---2,/ ,/ random fertilisation Max 5
\,2-=--l
GenotypeFl IA IA IA IB
PhenotypeFi Blood Blood
groupA groupAB

Phenotl'peF1 50o/oof offspringhavebloodqroupA

d d 50%havebloodgroupAB
AND
( Parents Father Mother

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Parent'sgenotype:

Gametc io

Max 5
GenotypeF I IA iA IA IB IO IA Io IB
PhcnotypeFl Blood Blood Blood Blood
groupA groupAB groupA groupB

Phenotype
Fl 50% of offspringhavebloodgroupA,zsynhaveblood
groupAB and 25o/ohave blood groupB

F\

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S U LIT
 I (22 ) 4551
Diagrarn9.1 showsmung.ov.
groiv into a mangroveswampforest. later
Rajcth 9.1 ntenunjukkanspesies bakaLryang mengkoloni
tebing berlttntpur
sungaiS:angakhirnya berkembangmenjaclihtttcrnpaya
bakau.
Avicenniaand Sonneratia
Rhizophora Bruguiera
,lvic ennia dan .Sonneratia

tlt|'pdsang
Lov fide
prop roots
atr st{.t'ttt pneumatophore buttressroots
akar
pqzeumatofar akar banir
iatzckans
end (b) Rhizophora
ia).Avicennia
Sonneratia
zone

Diagran-r
9.1/ Rajah9.1

(al Explainhow the mangrovespeciesareadaptedto

overcomethe problems
encountered
duringthe processof colonisation.
Terangkan bagaimana spesies paya bakau disestraikan
untuk mengatasi
ntasalahyang dihadapi semasaprosespengkolonian.

110marksl

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( b ) Diagram9.2 showsthe layeri rn stratospherethat
protectsearthfrom
Lrltraviolet
radiation..
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkanlapisan Y dalam slratosfera yang
melindungi bttni
dar ipada sinaran ul traviolet.

Diagram 9.2 Rajah 9.2

(i) Someof the humanactivitiescancausethethinningof

layery.
J3xplainhow thethinningof layery occurs.
se,tetengahdaripada aktiviti manusiaborehmenyebabkan
penipisan
lapisan Y. Terangkan bagaintanapenipisan lapisan y
teriadi.
[ 4 marks ]
( ii ) The thinning of the layer y is an environmental
issue which always being
discussed.Describethe effectsof the thinningof layer y
on the environment
and humanhcalth.Suggestways to solvethesep.obiems.
Penipisan lapisan y merupakan isu aram sekita,
yang .serarudibincangkan.
Huraikan kesan penipisan rapisan y ke otas plrrirrroron
dan kesihatan
manusia. Cadangkan langkah- langkah untuk meiyelesaikan
masalah ini
[ 6 marks]

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9
Question

Ques. MARKING CRITERIA Marks

No
e(a) Problemsfacedby Adaptivecharacteristicsof mangrovc
nlangro\/eplants plants
(Fact) (Explanation)
I So {'tmuddy soil/substrate . Ijighly branchedroot systemto
supportthemselves./
. Eg. Avicenniahave
long/underground/horizontalscable/ 2
roots
. Eg Rhizophora,haveprop roots
anchorthemselvesin the muddy soil

2 Waterloggedconditionsof
the soil/ Very little oxygen
rfir
for root respiration
3 The high c<lntentof
salt/salinitymakesthe
waterin the soil
hypertoniccomparedto
the cell sapof the root
cells/Water diffuseout
from plant/the root cells
by osmosis//dehydration
4 Excessivcexposureto
sunlight/intenseheatlI
High rateof transpiration.
a (Avicennia)havebreathingroots
/pneumatophores /Gaseousexchange
occursthroughpores/lenticels.
a Eg Rhizophora,haveporescalled 2
Ienticels
foundon thetreebark
Cell sapof (the root) cells are
hypertoniccomparedto the soil
waterllactiveintakeof sodiumion.
The root doesnot losewater but
seawaterentersthe root cells instead/
Excesssalt in the plant is eliminated z
by the salt glands
The leaves(of mangrovetrees)havea
thick cuticle/sunkenstomatato reduce
transpiration/The leavesarethick
/succulentto storewater. 2

High mortalityrate o Have viviparousseedling// the seeds

becauseof seedscarried
away by water current/
lack of oxygenin muddy
soil//lowsurvivalrateof
seedlings
areableto germinatewhile still
attachedto themotherplant.
2
O n e f a c t a n d o n ee x p l a n a t i o n: 2
marks
R dependantto F

TOTAL t0
e (b) studentis ableto analysesomeof humanactivitiesthat causeozone
(i) layerdepletion.
. Thinning of ozonelayer/folmationof ozone hole causeby CFCs I

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(chlorofl
uorocarbons)
theincreaiffi
atmosphere due to
cFCs is widely usedas a coolantsin air conditioners
and I
refrigerators
CFCsusedas propellants in aerosol I
CFCs usedas fbamingagentsin makingStyrofoampackaging. I
The chlorineatom releasedfrom chlorofluorocarbon by ultraviolet
radiation 1
combines with the ozonemoleculeforming oxygenmolecule& Max
chlorinemonoxide. I
chlorine monoxidewill reactwith the oxygenatom to form oxygen
moleculeand chlorineatom.
The chlorineatomwill continueto destroythe ozonelaver.
e (b) Thinningof the ozone.layer
(ii)

. more ultraviolet rays reachesthe earth's surfoce

. increaseof temperature
could changeweatherpattern
' ultravioletray will deteriorate
one'sbody immunity system
. an increasein the numberof peoplesufferingfrom skin cancerand
cataract
. high ultravioletrays destroysplanktonand disruptfood chain
o rateofphotosynthesis
decrease
becausechlorophyllaredestroyed,
Max
thereforeit will reducethe agricultureoutput A
a

Stcpsto overcomethis problem

. reduceor stopusing CFC or chloridebasedproducts
. replaceCFC with HCFC
' usewrappingpapers/metalcontainersinsteadof polystyrenes
boxes
r patchup the holesin the ozonelayerby firing frozenozone
balls
into the atmosphere. Max
2
o R c d u c et h eu s eo f a i r c o n d i t i o n e r

END OF QUESTION

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 I,IT (26)
45sl
Markschemefor biologyp3 el
1. (a)
I Numbersor rouno- Thetimetakenfoima[inffi
Bitanganpusingan freart-
I beats(s)

I une
20
Safu
-
l-
' 15--
.??u
Inree
lI
12...-.-'.--..---.-.--..-.-.'".---
Tiga
I rour
-
I
Rubric:
KUDnc:
4correct=3marks
3correct=2marks
2correct=1mark
0-'1 correct=0mark

1 (b)(i)
Explanation
Able to state
1. The time takenfor making30 heartbeats
after Examples1 and 2
runningoneroundis 20 seconds.
are Horizontal
2. The timetakenfor making30 heartbeatsafter
runningfourroundsis 10 seconds. Observation(HO)
while 3 is the Vertical
3. Thetimetakenfor making30 heartbeats
after Observation(VO).
runningoneroundis longerthanafter running
four The candidatesare
rounds
free to write anv of
the observations.
Able to state
inaccurate answer or two inaccurate
observations
Fxafnple.of inaccurate
answers:
'r. Ine One correctanswer
ttmetakenformaking30 heartbeats
after is referredto the
_ runningone roundis thelongest onesin score3.
2. The timetakenfor making36 heartbeats
after
runningfourroundis the shortest.
3. The timetakenfor making30 heartbeats
after
runningoneroundis longerthanwhen running
four
roundsthatis 20s

Abletostatetwo@
Only state one inaccurateansweror one idea
only or no
rqsponse
at all.

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 ,LIT (27) 4 5 5I
1(bxii)

Ableto statetwo correct@

observation.
Checkthe HO and
rxamples;
VO, if observationis
1. Whenthe boyrunsoneround/time,thetimetaken
HO, the inference
for making30 heartbeat is longerbecausethe rate must be HO, or vice
of heartbeats
is lower/musclecellsneedsa small versa.
amountof oxygen.
2. Whenthe boyrunsfourrounds/times , thetime For HO, no shorter/
takenfor making30 heartbeat is shorterbecausethe ronger.
rateof heartbeatsis higher/ musclecellsneedsa
largeamountof oxygen For VO, accept
3. The timetakenfor making30 heartbeats after increases,etc.
runningoneroundis longerbecause thecellsneed
smallamountof oxygencompared to whenrunnino
roundfourtimes

Able to state one correc@

inferencecorrespondto ttre observationor two
inaccurateobservations

Able to stateone interenG-orrectf cI two

inaccurateinferences.
state one inaccurateansweror no

1 . ( c ). ( i )
Variable lvlethodto handlethe vaiiaOte
Manipulated variable I ne ooy runsdtllerentnumberof roundsin the
Thenumberof round/times (theboy schoolfield(1round/time, 2 rounds,3 roundsand
runsroundthe schoolfield) 4 rounds)
Respondingvariable Kecorornettmetat<en for making30 heartbeat
The time taken for making 30 heart by usinga s!qpt/a[qh.
beat
Controlledvariable
speedfor;unning each round fixthespeedorrunn-
/ The number of heart beat / fix the numberof heartbeatat 30
/ The subject(the student) / thesamestudentis usedthroughout the
experiment.
"Thehand|ingofvariab|esisdepenoao|eonthev",i"u
wrongly,
the handling
partwillnotbe marked,butnotviceversa.
*One
answer correct,one tick.
Rubric:
6ticks = 3marks
4-5ticks= 2marks
2-3ticks= '1
mark
0-1tick = 0mark

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 LIT ( 2 8) 4551
1 (c) (ii)
A b l e to make the correctclassification.

ratus
sodiumhydroxide
soktilon stopwatch
potassium
pyrogalate
solution staircase
J-tube
Rubik
2 M + 3A - 3 marks
2 M + 2A - 2 marks
1M+ 1A = 1 mark

1(d)

Abletostaiet@
Pl = manipulatedvariable
P2 = respondingvariable
R = relationship
Examples:
1. The 11qgethe numberof times /rounds
the boy runs
(roundthe schootfietd
)(p1),the shorter the tlme
making 30 heartbeats1eZ)1o-ice versa)
z. l*^u: lor
I ne more
" the numberof times/roundsthe boy runs
(roundthe schootfield
)(p1),the faster the raie of
heartbeats(p2)(or vice versa)

A b l e t os t a t e t w o o r t r r e @
Examples:
1. The more the numberof times/roundthe
boy runs
(roundthe schoolfield
)(p1), the time takenfor
making 30 heartbeatsis short (p2) (or vice versa)
NoR
2. The more the numberof timesiroundthe
boy runs
(roundthe schoolfield
)(p1),the time takenis
shorter.No P2
Ableto stateqnlyone criteriaTorrect

1 e( i )
The numbersof The time taken for The rate of the heart
rounoran Title with
beat(minute-l)
correctunit

I Data Calculation
t-

Data,Calculationand Tifle,eachcontribute
onemark.

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 (2e) 4551

e (ii) 1" P = 1 mark, if, the axis are drawn

correctly,
scaledand with unitsare
correct
2. T (points)= 1 mark, if the pointsare
marked correctly.
3. B = 1 mark,the shape of the graph
is drawn correctly,passingthrough
all the pointsand does not cut
'
throughthe axis.

Y axis = the rate of the heartbeat

X axis = the numberof roundsran

1(f). able to explainthe relationship

betweenthe numberof round ran and the rate of
heartbeatbased on the followingaspect:

R - When the number of round ran increases. the rate of heartbeatincreases

E1- to pump more blood (intocirculation)
E2- for cellularresoiration

1 (g)
Ableto statethe definition
of heartbeatoperationally
and correctlybasedon the
followingaspect:
P'1= therateof heartbeat perminute.
P2 = runsroundtheschoolfield.
P3 = Influencedby the numberof times/round.

Example:
The rate of heartbeatis the numberof the boy'sheartbeatingin one minute(P1)when
he runs round the school field at constantspeed (P2).The rate of heartbeatis influenced
by the numberof round ran. (P3).

1 (h)
Able to predictand explainthe outcomeof the experimentcorrectlywith the following
aspects:
P1 = The rate of heartbeat will be more than 180 times/min.
P2 = adrenalglandssecretethe adrenaline
P3 = . more glucoseand oxygen/cellularrespirationincreaselmore energy is produced
Example:
-The rate of his heartbeatwill increase/morethan 'lBO/min.
- becausethe adrenalglandssecretethe adrenaline
- more glucoseand oxygenare suppliedto the musclesi
cellularrespirationincrease/more energyis produced

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 E. (30) [551
Question2 455113(2009)

Construct Sample Answers Noteson Scoring

1. ro Invesugatetne eftect of the albumen
Objective concentration
on the rate of enzymepepsin's No mark justa
reaction.
tick
(ob)
2 . P r o b l e m Ableto relateP1,P2 and U in fquestion form.
P 1= M V
Statement P1 = Thealbuminconcentration.
P2=RV
P2 = The rateof enzymereaction. H = Question
H = Relationship betweenp1 andp2. P 1+ P 2 + H = 3 m
(PS) Sampleanswer:
1. Whatis the effectof (different)albumen (H = What is the
concentrationon the rateof (pepsin) effect of ....." ?)

tr
enzymereaction? ( H = C a nt h e . . . . . . . .
2. CanAlVill/Does the (different)albumen affect......?)
concentrationaffectthe rateof (pepsin)
enzymereaction?
1. Whatis the effectof lOifferenqahr,rnren Only two aspects
concentration on the rateof (pepsin)
enzymereaction.(No? or notin a 2m
questionform)
2. Whatcan affectthe rateof enzvme
reaction? ltrtoFt )
3. Whatis the effectsof thealbumen
concentration on pepsin? (Nop2)
4. (Different)albumenconcentration can
affectthe rateof enzymereaction.
(Nota question)
5. Canalbuminaffectthe rateof enzvme
___regelqql _CIo concentration, tto ptt
Whatis the effectof (different)atOunren Only one aspect
concentration.(No P2 andquestion) 1m
2 . The rateof enzymereaction.increase(No tick
El_gndquestion)
Wrongor no answeris given. 0 mark
And no tick

3. Thehigherthe concentration of albu,r,in P1 = MV.

Hypothesis (Pl), the higherthe rateof enzymepepsin P2=RV
reaction(P2).(viceversa) H = Relationship
P 1+ P Z + H = 3 m
H = t h e h i g h e r. . . .
(Hp)
t h el o n g e r . , .
Only 2 aspects

The concentration
of albumin(p1)affectthe
rate.of enzymereaction(p2).No H 2m

Only 1 aspect
1m
tick

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 tu ( 3 1)

1. Variables
I M a n i p u l a t e d: albumenconcentration. All three variables
correct
It
The rateof enzymereaction// The timetaken
for the albumento decolourise/ changefrom No mark just
cloudyto colourless. a tick, no tick
if any one of
Theconcentration of theenzymepepsin/ the variables
The volumeof the pepsinsolution / albumen wrong.
is
solution
5. Apparatus M = materials
and Materials afbumen solution,1% pepsin solution,
(AM) 0.1M hydrochloricacid,

A = apparatus
pipette/ measuringcylinder,water bath
stop-watch
(beaker& water),thermometer,

6. Technique Able to state the operating responding B l = 1 m

variable correctly,
(rq) Record the time takenfor the albumen
usinga stop-
to turncolourless
solution
watch.
7. Procedure K1 : Preparation of materials & apparatus
(any 3) A f l5 K =3m
- Usinga oipette/ measurinqcvlinder,
5 m l o f 1 % a l b u m e ns o l u t i o ni s 3to4Konly =Zrn
transferred/pouredinto a test-tube.
- Usinganotherpipette/measuring 2 K only =1lh
cylinder,1 mlof 0.1M hvdrochloric
acid is transferreQ/ pouredinto the 1K :0m
same test-tube.Shakethe mixture but tick
well.
- The test-tubeis placedin a beaker of
water, at 37'C.
- A thermometeris placed in the
beaker to make sure the temperature
is constant.
- The stop watch is started.
- (Any 3 of the 6 underlinedcriteriaare
K1 is awarded.
mentioned,
K2 : OperatinqFixedvariable(any 1) See the sample
- The concentrationof the enzyme below
experiment
pepsln
- The volumeof the pepsinsolution/
albumensolution.
respondinq
K3 : Ooeratinq variable
- Recordthe timetakenfor the mixture
/ turnedfromcloudy
to decolourised
to colourless

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K4 : Operatinqmanipulated variable
- Repeatexperimentwith different
c o n c e n t r a t i oonf a l b u m e nI 1 % , 2 % ,
3% and 4% albumenconcentration
K5 : Precaution / Accuracvof experiment
( A n y1 )
- The temperature of the water
bath.constantat 37"C
- Repeatexperiment to get average
readinq
B. Recording Able to constructa tableto recordall data B 2 = 1 m
data/Result withthe followingaspects tick
(RD) 1. Suitable titleswithcorrectunits
2. No datais required

Refer belowfor sampleexperiment.

9. C o n c l u s i o n A hypothesisstatementended with 'the
(cn) hypothesisis accepted'. No mark, just a
tick
Planning
7-9ticks =3m
4-6ticks =2m
2-3ticks =1m

S a m p l ea n s w e r :
PS: What is the effectof different albumenconcentrationon the rate of enzvme reaction?

Ob: To investigatethe effectof albumenconcentrationon the rate of enzyme reaction.

Hp: The higherthe albumen concentration, the higher the rate of enzyme reaction/ the
shorterthe time taken for the solutionto turn colourless/ from cloudvto colourless.

Vr:
MV:Theconcentration
of albumen solution.
RV:Therateof enzymereaction
// thetimetakenfor theenzymereaction
i solution
to turn
colourless
/ fromcloudyto colourless.
CV: The volumeof the albumensolutionI enzymesolutionll the concentration
of the
enzymepepsinI enzymesolution.

A M : a l b u m e ns o l u t i o n , ( 1 % , 2 % , 3 Y o , 41o%/ op )e,p s i ns o l u t i o np,i p e t t e/ m e a s u r i ncgy l i n d e r ,

hydrochloric acid,waterbath(beaker& water),therrnometer, stop-watch,

Tk: observedand recordthe time takenfor the solutionto turn colourlessusinga stop
watch.

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usinqa pipette/ measurinqcvlinder(Kl ). The test-tubeis labeledP.

' 1 m l o f( 0 . 1 M )
2. h y d r o c h l o r iacc i di s t r a n s f e r r eidp o u r e di n t ot h e s a m e t e s t - t u b e
(K1)
usinganotherpipette/cylinder.
3. 1ml of 1% pepsinis transferred/ pouredinto the same test-tube(K'1)usinganother
pipette/ measuringcylinder.The mixtureis shakewell (K1).
4. The test-tubeis placedin a waterbath / beaker(K1 ) containing300m1of waterat
37"C.A thermometeris placedin the beakerto monitor/ checkthe temperature.
5. The stop-watchis started.
6. The mixtureis observedand the time takenfor the colourto turn colourlessis taken
down and recordedin a table (K3).
7. Steps 1 to 6 are repeatedtwice to qet an averaqeresult (K5).
B. Steps 1 to 7 are repeated,replacingthe 1o/aalbumensolutionwith2o/o.3o/o
and 4%
albumensolution(K4)'respectively.
9. All the data are recordedin a table and a graph of the rate of enzyme reaction
againstthe albumenconcentration is plotted.
Rs:
Concentration of (min)
Timetakenfor the mixtureto turncolourless The rate of
albumen/ substrate 1 2 Average enzyme
solution(%) reaction(min-1
1
Z

Cn: The higher the albumen concentration, the higher the rate of enzyme reaction/ the
shorterthe time taken for the solutionto turn colourless.The hypothesisis accepted.

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