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26

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2003

 519.113/.118
22.19
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911 , 21 2002 .
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( 020100093).

ISBN 5-94057-114-X

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, 2003.

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01335 24/III 2000 . 8/VIII 2003 .

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, c.

rk (B)=rk(B\c)+rk1 (B\()).
(1)
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B c.)
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( rk (B\c) ),
c, c
( rk1 (B\()) ).
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2. , , . 3, , , !
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1, 3, 5, ..., 2n1.
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Kn Yn , . .
n=1 . . Kn : Kn1 <>,
2n1 . Yn
: Yn1 (
2n1 ). , Kn1 Yn1 .
,
nn,
(n1)(n1), Yn ,
Yn1 .
Yn ,
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<>.
k Yn , ,
k1 Yn1 , s, Kn1 t.
2nk=n+(nk) ,
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l- Kn , ,
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Yn .
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1+3+5+...+(2n1)=n2.
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rk (Kn )=rk(Kn1 )+(2nk) rk1 (Kn1 ) .

. 6
7

 2.

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1. Ckk+m rk+m rm rk .
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m , , ;
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k+m
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4. 18 480r12 r92 (
, 18 480=C612 C36 ).
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1kn.
r
2

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k1 , A
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k k1 .
k1
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Nk rk Ck1
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r
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k ( ).
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BA S, B B
S.
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A , S < > (. .
S).
rk k- A,
S. rk
1 2.
.
3. rk1 rk+1 rk2 .
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: rk1 rk+1
k1 k+1
,
; rk2
k k .
C 2km ,
0mk. pC k1
k+1 , C ,
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C2 : s ,
t <>,
st

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(

. 7

k C, C . , pC qC
C 2km , 0mk.
.
C=C1 C2 , C1
( ) C,
C2 =C\C1 . C1 u .
C
, ,

C. ,
C,
< > < > ( A B . 7),
C pC =qC =0. s
, C2 =D1 D2 ...Ds C2
, t
(. . 7).
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C . , m C , 2k2m . , m
C1 . ,
10

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st C
2
pC =Cm
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um+t

Cm
u m u
C1 , 2st
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2
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11

 3.

R(x, B)=

+
P
n=0

rn xn

B.
,
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,
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 =3x2 +5x+1

R  x,


( . 2).
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. , .

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.
II. B c
B. (c) B, , c.
R(x, B)=R(x, B\c)+x R(x, B\()).

(2)

.
x. ,
xk rk (B), xk
rk (B\c)+rk1 (B\()). ,

rk (B)=rk(B\c)+rk1 (B\()).

(3)

, I.
III. B
B1 B2 ,
R(x, B)=R(x, B1 ) R(x, B2 ).
12

(4)

 . n ,
k B1 , B2 ,
rk (B1 )rnk (B2 ) . ,
n
P
rk (B1 ) rnk (B2 ).
(5)
rn (B)=
k=0

, xn R(x, B1 )
R(x, B2 ) .
:
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< > . ,
(2) ,
(3), (4)
(5) .
5. Rm,n (x) mn.
,
Rm,n (x)=Rm1,n (x)+nx Rm1,n1 (x).
6. l B; c1 , c2 , ..., ck
B, l; Bl ,
B l; Bi ,
B l ,
ci .
R(x, B)=R(x, Bl )+x

k
P
i=1

B(x, Bi ).

(6)

, ,
. [5] , ,
- , -
, , , . ? .
IV. dn , Dn d1 , d2 , ..., dn .



1

qn (x)=xdn+1 ex R  , Dn  .
x

qn (x)=xdn+1 dn qn1 (x),

(7)

qn1 (x) x.
13

 . qn ,
. , , d1 =1, d2 =4, d3 =6, ... D2
,




1

xd3 R  , D2  =x6
x






1+5 1 +3 32  =x4 (x2 +5x+3).
x
x




1

, xdn+1 R  , Dn  < x

>: , ,
.
IV. xdn+1 k , ,

rk (Dn )=rk (Dn1 )+(dn k+1) rk1 (Dn1 ).
, , k Dn , Dn1 ,
k1 Dn1 , dn k+1 .
, IV, ,
. , ,
.
k .
xk =x(x1)(x2)...(xk+1).
, x0 =1.
B m. B
R(x, B)=

m
P
k=0

rk (B)xk .

( [2])

. , ,
,
14

 m ,
m ,
.
II. B b1 , b2 , ...
..., bm (0b1 b2 ...bm; , ).
m
P
R(x, B)=
rk (B)xk =
k=0

=(x+b1 )(x+b2 1)(x+b3 2)...(x+bm m+1).

. ,
xm.
m
X
x!
rk (B)
=(x+b1 )(x+b2 1)(x+b3 2)...(x+bm m+1).
k=0

(xm+k)!

m b1 +x,
b2 +x, ..., bm +x. , b1 +x ,
b2 +x1
. . . ,
xm B, k B.
rk (B) . ,
(x ),
(x1 ) . .,

x!
.
(xm+k)!

,
x. x, .
II, , , <> : B
r0 =1, r1 =9, r2 =17, r3 =8, r4 =1; ,
? ,
,
R(x, B)=x(x1)(x2)(x3)+9x(x1)(x2)+
+17x(x1)+8x+1=1+3x+x2 +3x3 +x4
. , 7
IV, ,
.
15

 II-. nn Yn
1, 3, 5, ..., 2n1.
II-. .

II. , II-
I,
. , , - .
,
.

B=

R(x, B)=x2 +4x+5.

4.

- .
III. n n () .
.
n n. , qn (x), IV,
n . . n=1 : R(x, B1 )=1+d1 x, q1 (x)=
=ex (xd2 +d1 xd2 1 ). , q1
, x0 , q(0)=q()=0. ,
q1 (x)
(, x0 )
(x0 , 0) ( ). (7) , q2 (x)
( , R(x, D2 ), , , ). , q2 (0)=q2 ()=0.
, q3 , . .
III-. () .
. , II-
,
.
III.
16

 [6]
.
IV.
() .
. , g f,
1) deg g=deg f deg g=deg f1;
2) f g , f(0)>0, g(0)>0;
3) 0>x1 >x2 >... f, 0>y1 >
>y2 >... g, 0>x1 >y1 >x2 >y2 >...
V. , gi (x), i=1, 2, ..., k,
f(x), f(x)
f(x)+x

k
P
i=1

F(x)=f(x)+x

k
P
i=1

gi (x).

gi (x). 2) 3) -

, f
gi f(x)>0, gi (x)>0 x>0. , F
f, F . , 0>x1 >x2 >... f,
, F(x1 )<0, F(x2 )>0,
F(x3 )<0 . . , F
(x1 , 0), (x2 , x1 ), (x3 , x2 ), ...,
deg F=deg f+1, (, xdeg f ),
.
, f F.
.
B, B , B ,
B. ,
, . ,
n1, , , (6) V,
, R(x, Bl ) R(x, B) ( ).
IV .
, B . ,
.
, ,
17

 :
rn xn +rn1 xn1 +...+r0 =rn (x+a1 )(x+a2 )...(x+an ),
ai .
xk , ,
X
rk
=
ai ai ...ai .
(8)
rn

1i1 <i2 <...<ik n

,
k .
? 3: rk1 rk+1 rk2
B.
3. (8). , , rn =1. rk1 rk+1 rk2 a2j a2j ...a2j aj
1

s+1

...aj

k+s

s1 Cs <0.
C2s
2s
.
! .
[3].
4.

rk+m
Ck+m
n

rk rm
.
Ckn Cm
n

k+m C
Ckn Cm
k+m , n Cn
1.
5 ( ).

2
 rk 
rk1 rk+1
  .

k1 k+1
 k

Cn

Cn

Cn





1 
1
rk1 rk+1 1+  1+

3,


 rk2 .
nk 

6 ( ).
n, 0m<kn

1/k 
1/m
 rk 
 
   rm 
.
 k
 m
Cn

18

Cn

 5.

. ,
. ,
.
3. :
ln rk1 +ln rk+1
2

ln rk .

xn ,
xk1 +xk+1
2

xk ,

. <
> (, ).
, , .
,
<> <>. , .
7. B
n,
rk rnk , 0kn/2.
. rn 1, rn r0 .
n B.
, ,
D. , n , B.
k, 1k<n/2. k1 , 1k1
k, k1 D. m D, k1 +1
m2k1 . k ,
D k1 ,
1
, Ckk
nm . nk ,
D k1 ,
1.
, Cnkk
nm
, k, k1 , m
(nm)- ,
,
1 Ckk1 .
Cnkk
nm
nm

, nk
k .
19

...

...

...

...
. 8

IV, ,
, < >


1
rn +rn1 x+...+r0xn =xn R  
x
.
, k
7 . ,
, 7
m=2k1 , . . k1 (k1 n/2), D, 2k1 .
n
. 8.

.
7. B n,
nk
r rnk1 ,
k+1 k

0k

n1
.
2

[1] . . . . M.: , 1983.

( <>. . 24).
[2] . . . .: ,
1990.
[3] . . , . . , . . . .: , 1948.
[4] E. N. G i l b e r t. Enumeration of labelled graphs // Canad. J.
Math. V. 8. 1956. P. 405411.
[5] J. L. G o l d m a n, J. T. J o i c h i, D. E. W h i t e. Rook theory III: rook polynomials and the chromatic structure of graphs //
Journal of Comb. Theory. Ser. B. V. 25. 1978. P. 135142.
[6] A. N i j e n h u i s. On permanents and the zeros of rook polynomials // Journal of Comb. Theory. Ser. A. V. 21. 1976. P. 240244.
20