Vanilla Bean Volatile Analysis

Origin & Species J. Mark Black, Ph.D. Spectra Flavor & Fragrance Research, LLC

We Interrupt This Program

! Topic has changed from the abstract
Difficulty of presenting applications. Current topic more in-line with our work.

Vanilla is Important But Has The World Noticed?

Has The World Noticed?

Has The World Noticed?

Has The World Noticed?

Has The World Noticed?

Has The World Noticed?

The History of Vanilla

Has The World Noticed?

The History of Vanilla

Vanilla World Is Dynamic

Production of Vanilla Is Changing

! More plentiful ! Different origins
Madagascar, Indonesia, Tahitian, Comoros PNG, Uganda, India, Mexico, Tahiti, Hawaii

! Different species
Vanilla planifolia Vanilla tahitensis PNG Hybrid?

Objectives
! Identify and compare volatile compounds
Beans from different origins
! Madagascar ! Indonesia ! Mexico ! PNG ! Tahiti

Beans from different species

! Planifolia vs. Tahitensis vs. PNG

! Identify flavor-active compounds

Volatile Collection
! Beans chopped
9 grams, 2 beans 0.5 cm pieces

! Solid Phase Micro-Extraction - Twister

30 minute exposure Binds volatile compounds Releases with heat

Caveats
! This Is One Set
Not a comprehensive study of bean variability

! Bean Handling Was Not Controlled

Madagascan, PNG and Indonesian - atmospheric packaging Mexican and Tahitian - vacuum packaging
! higher moisture

! Twister method semi-quantitative

Only headspace volatiles Trapping can be affected by environment - bias

Volatile Collection

300mL Mason Jar

Twister Teflon Gauze Petri Dish Vanilla sample

Volatile Identification
! Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Compound separation & identification

! Gas-Chromatography/Olfactometry
Flavor-active compounds

Compound Separation and Identification

Madagascan Vanilla

Madagascan Vanilla
1,3-Butanediol 2,3-Butanediol Diacetyl Acetic Acid Acetoin Furfural Butyrolactone Benzaldehyde Nonanal Methyl cinnamate Guaiacol Vanillin

Butter

Chlorophyll Green Peas licorice Putty Citrus

Strong Antiseptic/Vanilla

Milk Cream Chocolate

Vanilla Yogurt

Brown Vanillin Fruit Sweet Creamy

Vanillin and Guaiacol

CHO Vanillin Guaiacol

OCH3 OH Odor Threshold ~ 100ppm OH

OCH3

Odor Threshold ~ 0.1ppb

Indonesian
2,3-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol Amyl furan Acetic Acid 3-methyl butanal Furfural Guaiacol Octanal Anisaldehyde Vanillin Hexanal Anise alcohol

Green Butter

Strong Faint Creamy/Vanilla Antiseptic/Vanilla Citrus Green Beans Chocolate Cut Grass

Vanilla Nutty Yogurt

Brown Fruit Vanillin

Mexican
Formic Acid Hexanal Acetic Acid Furfural Pentylfuran Diacetyl !-Butyrolactone me-butanals Pentanal Acetoin Heptanal Benzaldehyde Decane Guaiacol Octanal Nonanal Dodecane Decanal/ Dodecanal "-Cresol Vanillin Undecanol GeranylMethyl Cinnamate acetone

Rancid Butter

Mushroom Rotten Brussel Cotton Candy Vanilla Yogurt Faint Creamy Vanilla Citrus Sprout Strong Green Caramel/Nutty Antiseptic/Vanilla Chocolate Brown Fruit Vanillin

PNG
3-me-1-butanol Diacetyl 2-me-1-butanol Acetic Acid Ethyl Acetate Furfural me-butanals Acetoin Methyl salicylate Octanal Napthalene "-me-anisole Menthol "-Cresol Guaiacol Nonanal Anisaldehyde "-Anise alcohol "-Anisyl acetate Methyl cinnamate Vanillin

t-caryophyllene

Licorice Butter Paint

Faint Creamy Vanilla

Fruity

Vanilla Yogurt Strong Citrus Licorice Antiseptic/Vanilla Green Chocolate Vanillin Nutty Toffee

Tahitian
Diacetyl Hexanal Heptanal Acetic Acid Furfural Benzaldehyde me-butanals Pentanal Acetoin Anisaldehyde Anise Alcohol Methyl - "-Anisate Octanal Limonene Ethyl Octanoate Nonanal Dodecanal Vanillin Decanal Menthol Methyl Salicylate Anisyl Acetate

Butter Licorice Paint

Green

Faint Buttery Creamy

Citrus Green Beans

Faint Vanilla

Vanilla Yogurt Chocolate Licorice Nutty Fruity Toffee Vanillin

Vanillin and Guaiacol

7000
Area count X 1000

6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG

Vanillin Guaiacol

Menthol & Anisic Compounds

7000 6000
Area count X 1000

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG

Butter Compounds
900 800
Area count X 1000

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

Madagascar Indonesia Mexico

Diacetyl Acetoin

Tahiti

PNG

Acetic Acid
3500
Area count X 1000

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG

In Summary
! Beans are clearly different ! Vanillin is only part of the story ! PNG more similar to Tahitian - New Hybrid? ! Method - Useful for screening? ! Opportunities for new vanillas

Well Continue to Work. . .

Thanks
! Jean-Paul Schirl-Keller ! Daniel Martinez

Madagascan vs. Indonesian

Madagascan vs. Mexican

Madagascan v. Tahitian

Madagascan vs. PNG

Tahitian vs. PNG