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Introduction___________
The Zoroastrians of Iran were members of the Indo-European family known as the
Aryans. They called themselves Zoroastrians because they believed in the teachings
of the first Aryan prophet, Zarathushtra.
Zarathushtra was the first prophet to preach a monotheistic religion, and He was born
in Iran about 8000 years BC. He revealed that there was only one God, Ahura Mazda
and that life in the physical world was a battle between good and evil.
As per man's actions, he would either cross the "Chinvato Peretu" or the sword bridge
after death, and reach Heaven, or fall from it and go to the abode of the evil one. In
the final days there would be a battle between good and evil, evil would be
vanquished and the world would be purified by a bath of molten metal. Mazda would
then judge the world, resurrecting the dead and His Kingdom would be established on
earth.
Zarathushtra's songs are called the "Gathas" which linguistically may be older than
the Indian Vedic scriptures. The Gathas are written in an ancient Avestan dialect. This
is a sister language to Sanskrit of India, and Greek and Latin of the West. The reason
is, the common ancestors (common to the ancient Iranians, Ancient Indians, Greeks,
and Europeans) were one and the same - the Indo-European or Aryan peoples.
Concepts such as heaven and hell, God and the evil adversary ahriman, the coming of
the Saviour or Saoshyant born of a virgin, the end-time purge of the world by Fire
followed by the resurrection of the dead , the making fresh of the world and the final
battle between good and evil leading to the final defeat of evil. These beliefs filtered
down to Judaism during the reign of King Khushru (Cyrus) of Iran.
Zoroastrians also believe that all races in the world are created by God and are equal
- a true sign of the real ancient Aryan's nobility and tolerance. Cyrus, King of Iran
who was an Aryan rebuilt the temple of the Jews after freeing the Jews from Babylon
- for this, he is still remembered by the Jews and called the "Anointed of the Lord" in
the Bible.
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The Jews still
celebrate that act of the
true Aryans in a
festival. Many Jews
then stayed in Iran
under Cyrus and his
successors such as
Darayus, as equal
subjects under the
King. Books of the
Bible written after this
stay have taken all
these Zoroastrian
concepts, from there
they came to
Christianity and other
religions. There are
scholars who consider
Zoroastrianism as such
to be the mother
religion of the present
day world's faiths.
The holy FIRE is kept in the temple as the symbol of Ahura Mazda, and priests feed
the fire with sandalwood and cedar and intone the ancient sacred Mathras (verses of
praise) in the ancient Aryan Avestan language. The Mathric incantations have
incredible divine potent power, a power used to fight evil.
They also revere the elements of God such as water, earth, wind, and
the creations of God such as the Sun, moon and stars.
Birth_________________
Once upon a time, a very long time ago, in a distant land, by
the banks of a river, lived a large family named Spitama
(meaning Most White). The head of one branch of this family,
named Hechadaspa (Stallions), had two sons: Pourushaspa
(Many Horses) and Arasti (Tidy & Neat).
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Pourushaspa had married a young woman named Dughdova (Milkmaid), who by this
time was pregnant. It is said that when she was 5 months pregnant, she had a dream in
which she saw the world was being destroyed, and she was very frightened. But then
an angel came to her in her dream, and told her that she was bearing a great prophet
who would be able to change the impending destruction.
Legend has it that on the 26th of March; the pregnant Dughdova gave birth to a young
and healthy baby boy. However, this was a peculiar baby, since unlike other babies,
he did not cry. Instead, when this baby boy was born, he had a broad smile on his
face, and his face was shining with a divine glow.
His parents decided to name him Zarathushtra, (which according to one translation
means Golden Light or Golden Star, and according to another means Owner of yellow
or old Camels.) Arasti’s family also had a son named Maidhyoimangha or
Maedyoimaha (Mid Moon).
The Debate_________________
Zarathushtra was growing up as a very intelligent and energetic young boy. He was
very observant and had a sharp mind. He had the ability to see through the surface of
things and penetrate to the depth of their cause and meaning. Because of his
inquisitiveness and natural curiosity, he always had lots of questions to ask the priests
and teachers of his time; however, he was rarely satisfied with the explanations that
he was receiving.When he was nine years old, some of his friends arranged that he
would have a meeting with the head priest of his town, and discuss the questions that
he had. Zarathushtra was very much looking forward to this debate.
The story goes that on the day of the debate, Zarathushtra and the head priests spend a
number of hours discussing the questions that he had. However, neither side managed
to convince or satisfy the other. The depth of some of his questions had troubled the
head priest, and he left the place in deep thought. Although when the head priest left,
he was in good health, legend has it that on his way home, he suffered a massive heart
attack and died. There are many other
stories of how he had to face all sorts of
magical evil powers, and how he escaped
them.
Youth________________
Zarathushtra spent much of his youth in the surrounding pastures of his town,
contemplating nature for many hours. It was during these meditations that many of the
questions that the priests could not answer, would unravel themselves in ways that
their answers would be revealed to him.
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There is another story that says when Zarathushtra was fifteen, his four brothers
approached him to divide their father’s wealth among themselves. Zarathushtra only
took one item, symbolizing the spiritual life, and left the entire wealth of his father to
his four brothers
When Zarathushtra was only twenty years old, he left home for about ten years,
travelling here and there, in search of Truth. And it was one early morning at the end
of this time that he was illumined.
It is also said that he married a woman named Hvovi, before his illumination,
although it is not known where and when.
Most of these motifs are familiar from the lives of other culture heroes such as
Moses, and Jesus. Whether any of this literally happened is a matter for belief, not
scholarship. Tradition-minded Zoroastrians do accept these legends as truth about
Zarathushtra.
Unlike Mohammed's recitation of the Koran, the Gathas of Zarathushtra are not
"channeled" - that is, the Gathas are regarded as the inspired composition of a poet-
prophet rather than a text dictated by a heavenly being. Zarathushtra was inspired by
God, through the Bounteous Immortals of Vohu Manah, Asha, and the others - but he
was not a passive recipient of the divine wisdom. In accordance with Zoroastrian
philosophy, he reached God through his own effort simultaneously with God's
communication to him.
Zarathushtra was never regarded as divine by his followers, not even in the most
extravagant legends. He remained a man like all others, though divinely gifted with
inspiration and closeness to Ahura Mazda. His life is an inspiration for Zoroastrians of
all persuasions, traditionalist and modern - in his innovation, loving relationship with
God, and spiritual courage he is a model for all his followers. After his death.
Zarathushtra's great soul attains almost the level of a Bounteous Immortal, but still is
not merged in the divinity.
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Illumination____________
When he was thirty years old, one early morning, he went to fetch some water from
the river. It was around dawn. The sky had just turned color and the sun was about to
rise. As he had gone into the waters of the river, Vohu Mana (the
angel of the Good Mind) appears to him, and opens the portal to
the Divine Light of Ahura Mazda. This was the first moment of
Illumination and the first Revelations of Zarathushtra.
Propagation____________
After his illumination, Zarathushtra wanted to share his acquired wisdom with the
world, yet he did not know where to start. He made a decision to invite all his family
and relatives to listen to his teachings. And then in a family gathering, he explained
his understandings to them.
When he finished explaining, his cousin, Maedyoimaha, decided to join him, and
became the first follower of his teachings. And his wife Hvovi also embraced his
teachings becoming his second follower. His children, one by one, decided to accept
his philosophy as their way of life. (According to another record, it took his cousin ten
years before he accepted to follow Zarathushtra’s teachings and become his first
convert.)
Challenges__________
Zarathushtra then decided to share his teachings with his fellow citizens. When he
started teaching others in the street of the city, he met with a deeply rooted resistance
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from the priests, who had based their entire life and livelihood on the old religions.
Zarathushtra tried many different techniques, and every time he met with renewed
opposition and greater resistance. In fact, over the next twelve years, he only managed
to win 22 people over to his philosophy, including his wife and children, and his first
disciple, his cousin.
Finally, they had heard that a of the King of a nearby country, King Vishtaspa, was a
wise and just man and if there was one person in the whole world who might be open
to listen to new teachings, it would be him. And they set off in that direction.
At the debate in the court of King Vishtaspa, Zarathushtra eloquently spoke and
convincingly responded to all challenges and questions. The King saw the wisdom of
this man, and his teachings and embraced the religion. At the same time, the King
invited his subjects to also listen carefully and choose wisely to follow the Zoroastrian
religion. This was a major breakthrough for Zarathushtra.
However, the story goes on to say that Zarathushtra’s enemies then plotted against
Zarathushtra and planted various objects of black magic in his quarters, and finally by
accusing him of such evil acts, prompted the King to search his room. Upon finding
such artifacts, Zarathushtra was imprisoned and denied to eat or drink.
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Yet the story has a favorable turning, as such stories inevitably do. It is said that the
King’s favorite dark horse is struck with an incurable deforming disease. None of the
physicians in the kingdom can offer any cure. When Zarathushtra, who was now in
prison, hears about this, he offers the King to try to cure his favorite horse.
The King reluctantly lets Zarathushtra attempt his healing techniques, which he duly
does. The King then realizes the error of his judgment about Zarathushtra, and
embraces his religion. The King also punishes the priests who conspired against
Zarathushtra, and starts to promote the religion.
Now, these stories may seem somewhat difficult to believe. What we do know
however, is that once the King embraced the religion of Zarathushtra, it was a
breakthrough and a turning point in the fortunes of the Zoroastrian Religion. From
that time on, Zarathushtra had the backing and support of a powerful and wise King.
He freely went about propagating his teachings throughout that land, and very soon
his message crossed the borders of the country to neighboring countries. In a way, if
Zarathushtra’s illumination was the conception, this was the birth of the Zoroastrian
Religion, as we know it today.
Two of the earliest converts, after King Vishtaspa embraced the religion were two
brothers named Frashaoshtra and Jamaspa, of the Hvogva family. These two are
mentioned in the Gathas, and they continued to be among Zarathushtra’s disciples
until the end.
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Zarathushtra’s Character_______
While there is much lacking in reconstructing the events of Zarathushtra’s life, there
is ample evidence of Zarathushtra’s character, all be it from his very short Divine
Songs, the Gathas. From the content of the Gathas it is abundantly clear that
Zarathushtra was a natural man. He was an exceptionally wise and righteous person.
He was an Ashu – one who has reached the apex of self-realization, perfection, and
thenceforth immortality.
He was loving and kind, yet resolute and intent on adhering to truth and justice. He
was wise and discerning. Possessed a very observant and incisive mind. He had a
clear vision and understanding of the physical laws and moral principles of the world,
and with a super-human power adhered to righteousness. In short, he was the epitome
of spiritual strength.
There is very little biographical material in the Gathas. What is there indicates that
Zarathushtra was cast out of his original home, wherever that was, and forced to
wander, along with his followers and their animals.
Zarathushtra is said to have had six children, three boys and three girls. This is not
exact information, since the number and gender equals that of the six Amesha Spentas
and may be only symbolic. But the last Gatha is composed for the marriage of
Zarathushtra's daughter Pouruchista (Full of Wisdom) so he is known to have had at
least one child. . Thus Zarathushtra married into the king's court; Pouruchista, in turn,
married the prime minister.
One of the controversies about Zarathushtra concerns whether he was a priest. He did
not live in a religious vacuum, but was born into a society that practiced the
polytheistic rites of ancient Indo-Iranian religion. In the later Avesta, Zarathushtra is
used as a character in dialogue with Ahura Mazda; he is featured in ritual texts and in
law- texts, and great amounts of ritual and doctrine are thus attributed to him, whether
he was their originator or not.
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In much later Zoroastrian traditions, some of which were not recorded until centuries
after the Arab conquest, the life of the Prophet abounds with miracles and divine
interventions.
Enlightenment philosophers such as Kant and Diderot mentioned him as a model; the
playwright Voltaire wrote a play called "Zoroastre." Here was a philosopher from
"pagan" antiquity who was monotheistic and moral without any help from the
Christian Church. The French composer Rameau wrote an opera called "Zoroastre"
and the free-thinking Mozart used a variant of the name for his character Sarastro in
"The Magic Flute;" Sarastro is the priest of the Sun and Light who defeats the Queen
of the Night.
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The Life of the Spirit________
The word spirituality is derived from the term
"spirit". "Spirit" has no size, form or weight and
therefore, it cannot be described physically.
Ahura Mazda, the Divine Fravashis and the
Yazatas are Divine "Spirits" having no physical
existence. Their spiritual essence is present in
material manifestation but the "Spirit" itself is
beyond the physical.
The utterance of the Primordial sound, transcend the space-time continuum in order to
find the reciprocal resonance in the spiritual world of light. Being rooted in the natural
laws of light and sound, the holy "mantra " are not subjected to the man-made rules of
grammar or language; therefore, it is improper and inappropriate to explain or
understand such holy words through the medium of philology alone.
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Communion between the Spirit, being of the nature of Light, and the Soul is by the
Primordial Sound or vibrations, its counter-part, is best achieved through the
language of light and sound which is the specifically states that "mantras" are best
for spirituality which will be attained by "yasna" or Union with the Divine).
The utterance of "mantra" is best for the purity of the Soul in order to attain
spirituality.
Spirituality is also enhanced through prayers . During prayers, the Soul becomes the
receptacle of higher spiritual consciousness and attunes itself in direct communion
with the Divine through sound, motion and devotional thought vibrations which
constitute the Divine Light, waves of energy.
Fire___________________
Besides the holy "mantra ", Zarathushtra has promoted Fire through which
spirituality is achieved. Fire is both spiritual as well as physical. Being spiritual, Fire,
is a Divinity; It is equated with Ahura Mazda's Own Inner Light and Life or Energy.
As energy, Fire transmutes the physical (matter) into the spiritual. It is the source of
all Creation. No Zarathushti ritual is complete without the presence of Fire. In the
Gathas, Zarathushtra Himself expressly seeks a vision and a communion with Ahura
Mazda or the Divien through Fire, which is worshipped as the "Spirit Holiest".
Revelations____________
Zarathushtra was sent by Ahura Mazda to reaffirm the ancient faith.. He was also
given the "AGUSTO-VACHO" ie revelations unheard before. He was thus the first
prophet, to be followed by three Saviours. When the final Saviour comes, the world
will be purged by fire and evil destroyed in a final great battle.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda:
"O Ahura Mazda, righteous Creator of the corporeal world, who was the first person
to whom You taught these teachings?
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"Yima the righteous told me then:
"O Ahura, if I am not created for the task of increasing the good religion, then I would
like to advance the world, to increase it and be a righteous king and protector. I ask
You this, that in my kingdom there be neither cold wind nor hot wind (neither
extreme winter or summer), there be no sickness nor death. That my subjects be
undying and unwanting, and gloriously happy under my reign.
"I Who am Ahura Mazda, was pleased with this. I brought Yima a weapon - a Golden
plough which was dagger shaped with golden forks, to signify that his authority was
divine, sanctioned by Me. He became the mightiest King (KSHAETA) the Aryans
had ever known, the most righteous and most splendid Aryan man.
"When Yima's rule extended to 300 years, then the Aryan land had prospered so much
that the land became full of cattle, men, dogs, birds and red flaming fire (the fires kept
burning in the house of every Aryan). Place could no longer be found for cattle or
men.
"I made this known to Yima, and he proceeded towards the south, towards the path of
the high sun (west), increasing the land with his golden plough (conquering and
cultivating the lands). The boundaries of the Aryan kingdom were thus extended in
breadth, one third greater than before. The king stood as an Aryan on the mother
earth, praising the country with words fit for prayer.
"In the first 1000 years of his rule, Yima the splendid
enjoined righteous order on his Aryan subjects. He
controlled invisible time itself, making it so much large
in size so as to praise and spread the righteous law.
"That glorious age of the Aryans did not last for ever, O Zarathushtra! It was time for
the evil one's attack. I Who am Ahura Mazda spoke then to Yima Kshaeta:
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"O splendid Yima, towards the sacred Aryan land will rush evil as a severe fatal
winter; evil will rush as thick snow flakes falling in increased depth. From the three
directions will wild and ferocious animals attack, arriving from the most dreadful
sites.
"Before this winter, any snow that fell would melt and convey the water away. Now
the snow will not melt (but will form the Polar ice cap). In this place, O Yima the
corporeal world will be DAMAGED. Before in this seedland the grass was so soft the
footprint of even a small animal could be observed. Now, there will be no footprints
discernible at all on the packed sheets of hard ice that will form.
"So, Yima; make a mighty VARA, an enclosure as long as a riding ground, with equal
four sides. Here bring the families of Aryan men and women, cattle, dogs, birds and
the red flaming fire.
"Inside the Vara, make water flow in a canal, one Hathra long. Keep earth inside the
Vara, to grow green vegetables as food. Make cattle pens, to house the cattle of the
Aryan people.
"Let love blossom unfailing in the enclosure, among the young couples therein - make
for them a residence, with rooms, pillars, long extended walls and an enclosing wall."
Passing_________________
There are a number of versions of how Zarathushtra died, all of them legendary.
Another story claims that in his seventy seventh year, one night Zarathushtra bid his
family members farewell, and after his evening prayer retired to bed. He passed away
calmly and quietly in his sleep. In the morning, when his family members noticed that
he had not awaken, they went to his bed side to find his body lying there in a peaceful
state.
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