X-ray light sources for nanomaterials

research: a US-China perspective

J. Murray Gibson
Director, Advanced Photon Source
Associate Laboratory Director, ANL for Photon
Sciences

Presented at the China-US workshop October 17th 2009

 Synchrotron radiation – an essential tool for
nanoscience
§ ~10,000 US light source users in the US alone
§ > 60 operating synchrotron light sources user facilities world
wide
§ Touches almost all scientific and engineering disciplines
§

FY08 users by discipline

 Synchrotrons are essential to energy science
research

“DOE’s light sources represent

an extraordinary success story,
enabling an enormous range of
science across all disciplines
mentioned in this report.
Maintaining and upgrading of
this resource base is clearly
critical to the broad success of
grand challenge science”
Synchrotrons are developing around the world

4th generation sources offer revolutionary but complementary capabilities

 APS User Institutions are in Every US State and Around the World

1185 peer reviewed

publications in FY2008
3537 unique users
in FY 2009

5
Networking of light sources worldwide
APS Collaborative support of other light sources (2008-09 only)

§ Review and Advisory Committees:

– ALS, CAMD, CLS (Canada), Diamond (UK), DESY (Germany),
Elettra (Italy), ESRF (France), LCLS, NSLS, NSLS-II, NSRRC
(Taiwan), PF (Japan), PLS (Korea), Sesame (Jordan), SPring-8
(Japan), SSRF (China), SSRL
§ Technical assistance (machine)
– ALS, ANKA (Germany), Australian Light Source, DESY
(Germany), Diamond (UK), Elettra (Italy), ESRF (France),
FERMI (Italy), LCLS, MAX-lab (Sweden), NSLS, NSLS-II, NSRRC
(Taiwan), PF (Japan), PLS (Korea), Sesame (Jordan), SLS
(Switzerland), SRS (UK), SSRF (China), SSRL
§ Accelerators (not light sources):
– BINP (Russia), CESR, Cockcroft Institute (UK), GSI (Germany),
HEPI (Armenia), ILC, INFN (Italy), ISIS (UK), FNAL, LHC
(Geneva), SNS, TJNAF
§ Just as many examples of the reverse, i.e. support for APS from
others
§
§
§ New Shanghai Synchrotron Research Facility (SSRF) is a superb
3.5 generation machine: today we have six SSRF staff
working at APS for six months
Three-way meetings – APS, ESRF and SPring-8
Have met every 18 months since 1995 (next March 2010 in Japan)

APS ESRF
APS has grown steadily
§ We have 61 operating beamlines (end of FY2009)

User visits
Strategic planning for the upgrade/renewal of APS
 Planned APS upgrade/renewal will revolutionize
capabilities
§ Machine upgrade focuses on high-energy x-rays (above 20keV)
– Higher current, longer, optimized insertion devices, improved
stability, ultrafast (~1ps) x-ray pulses
– NO ADDITIONAL MACHINE INTERRUPTION DURING
CONSTRUCTION
§ New and upgraded beamlines addressing key science drivers
§ Enabling technical capabilities
– Detectors, optics, nanopositioning, data analysis software
§
§ Developing project milestones
with DOE
Mastering hierarchical structures through imaging

“Imaging specific molecules and their interactions in space and time will be
essential to understand how genomes create cells, how cells constitute
organisms and how errant cells cause disease. Molecular imaging must be
extended and applied from nanometre to metre scales…”, Roger Tsien

•Hierarchical structures are key to life,

machines and complex nanostructured
materials
•
•High-energy x-rays offer a unique tool to
probe all relevant length scales and
understand their interconnection
Real materials under real conditions in real time
Catalysis Batteries
New beamlines with two-three orders magnitude
increased performance

§ Materials under extreme conditions

§ Imaging and coherence
§ Ultrafast dynamics
§ Interfaces in complex systems
§ High-resolution spectroscopy
§ Proteins to organisms
§
§
Argonne’s Major Initiatives
 Energy Storage  Alternative Energy  Nuclear Energy
Argonne
Materials & Strategic Vision
Molecular Design & Discovery  National Security
 Hard X-ray Sciences  Leadership Computing
 Conclusion

§ Light sources have a growing role in Nanostructured Materials

for Global Energy and Environmental Challenges
§ Synchrotron radiation tools provide a natural opportunity for
China-US collaboration
– Development of new instruments and techniques, including
accelerator physics, advanced optics
• NSF has played this role in the US
– Programs for training, personnel exchange and
funding users at each other’s facilities
§ New and upgraded facilities are demanded
C a ta lysts fo r m a kin g a n d
worldwide b re a kin g Li- O a n d O -O
b o n d s a t sp e cifie d
– APS has plans for a major upgrade C o m p a tib l
e n e rg ie s
§ Networking of light sources worldwide is e in te rfa ce
m e m b ra n e
strong but very informal s fo r
§ There are general and important issues that se p a ra tio n
light sources must address to reduce barriers s
to growing the user community and scientific
impact N a n o p o ro u s
ca rb o n s fo r
§ tra n sp o rt a n d
co n d u ctivity