124 Research papers supporting Vaccine/Autism CausationGinger Taylor, MS

1.

Increased risk of developmental neurologic impairment after high exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccine in first month of life. Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Vaccine Safety and Development Branch, ational Immuni!ation "rogram, #enters for Disease #ontrol and "revention. $%%%. &homas '. Verstraeten, (. Davies, D. )u, * DeStefano Background+ #oncern has risen on the presence of the ethylmercury containing preservative thimerosal in vaccines. e assessed the risk for neurologic and renal impairment associated ith past exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccine using automated data from the Vaccine Safety Data link VSD/. VSD is a large linked data0ase from four health maintenance organi!ations in ashington, 1regon and #alifornia, containing immuni!ation, medical visit and demographic data on over 233,333 infants 0orn 0eteen 4%$ and 4%5. 'ethods+ e categori!ed the cumulative ethylmercury exposure from &himerosalcontaining vaccines after one month of life and assessed the su0se6uent risk of degenerative and developmental neurologic disorders and renal disorders 0eforethe age of six. e applied proportional ha!ard models ad7usting for 8'1, year of 0irth, and gender, excluding premature 0a0ies.(esults+ e identified 9:; children ith degenerative and <539 ith developmental neurologic disorders, and <$3 ith renal disorders. &he relative risk ((/ of developing a neurologic development disorder as $.:  %=> confidence intervals ?#I@ A$.$-9.:/ hen comparing the highest exposure group at $ month of age cumulative dose 9= ug/ to the unexposed group.

Within thisgroup e also !oun" an ele#ate" ris$ !or the !olloing "isor"ers% autism &RR '(), *+ Cl - 1(.01(+

, non organic sleep disorders (( =.3, %=> #l A $.;-$=.%C, and speech disorders (( 9.$, %=> $A$.$-2.3/. *or the neurologic degenerative and renal disorders group e found no significantly increased risk or a decreased risk. #onclusion+

This analysis suggests that high eposure to ethyl mercury !rom thimerosalcontaining #accines in the !irst month o! li!e increases the ris$ o! su3seuent "e#elopment o! neurologic "e#elopment impairment

, 0ut not of neurologic degenerative or renal impairment. *urther confirmatory studies are needed.

2.

 

8epatitis B vaccination of male neonates and autism diagnosis, 8IS $%%5-

 

9339.)allagher #', )oodman 'S.

 

 &oxicol Environ 8ealth . 93$3F5<92/+$;;=-55. doi+ $3.$3:3G$=9:5<%2.93$3.=$%<$5. 0stractHniversal hepatitis B vaccination as recommended for H.S. ne0orns in $%%$F hoever, safety findings are mixed. &he association 0eteen hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and parental report of autism diagnosis as determined. &his cross-sectional study used eighted pro0a0ility samples o0tained from ational 8ealth Intervie Survey $%%5-9339 data sets. Vaccinationstatus as determined from the vaccination record. ogistic regression as usedto estimate the odds for autism diagnosis associated ith neonatal hepatitis B vaccination among 0oys age <-$5 years, 0orn 0efore $%%%, ad7usted for race, maternal education, and to-parent household.

5oys #accinate" as neonates ha" three!ol" greater o""s !or autism "iagnosis compare" to 3oys ne#er #accinate" or #accinate" a!ter the !irst month o! li!e(

 on-8ispanic hite 0oys ere ;2> less likely to have autism diagnosis relative to nonhite 0oys. *indings suggest that H.S. male neonates vaccinated ith the hepatitis B vaccineprior to $%%% from vaccination record/ had a threefold higher risk for parental report of autism diagnosis compared to 0oys not vaccinated as neonates during that same time period. onhite 0oys 0ore a greater risk.

3.

)ender-selective toxicity of thimerosal.

 

Exp &oxicol "athol. 933% 'arF;$9/+$<<-;. doi+ $3.$3$;G7.etp.933:.35.339. Epu0 933: Sep <.Branch D(Departments of 'edicine and a0oratory 'edicine and "atho0iology, Hniversity of &oronto, 1ntario, #anada. don.0ranchJutoronto.ca 0stract  recent report shos a correlation of the historical use of thimerosal in therapeutic immuni!ations ith the su0se6uent development of autismF hoever, this association remains controversial. utism occurs approximately four times more fre6uently in males compared to femalesF thus, studies of thimerosal toxicity should take into consideration gender-selective effects. &he present studyas originally undertaken to determine the maximum tolerated dose '&D/ of thimersosal in male and female #D$ mice. 8oever, during the limited '&D studies, it 0ecame apparent that thimerosal has a differential '&D that depends on hether the mouse is male or female.

At "oses o! 0.(4')(.mg/$g using 16 7MS8 as "iluent, se#en o! se#en male mice compare" to 9ero o! se#en !emale mice teste" succum3e" to thimerosal(

 lthough the thimerosal levels used ere very high, as e ere originally only trying to determine '&D, itas completely unexpected to o0serve a difference of the '&D 0eteen male and female mice. &hus, our studies, although not directly addressing the controversy surrounding thimerosal and autism, and still preliminary due to small

 

num0ers of mice examined, provide, nevertheless, the first report of gender-selective toxicity of thimerosal and indicate that any future studies of thimerosal toxicity should take into consideration gender-specific differences.

4.

'ercury toxicokinetics--dependency on strain and gender.

 

&oxicol ppl "harmacol. 93$3 'ar $=F92<</+9:<-%$. doi+ $3.$3$;G7.taap.933%.3:.39;. Epu0 933% Sep 9.Ekstrand $, ielsen B, 8avarinasa0 S, Kalups (L, SMderkvist ", 8ultman ".'olecular and Immunological "athology, Department of #linical and Experimental 'edicine, inkMping Hniversity, SE-=:$:= inkMping, Seden. 0stract'ercury 8g/ exposure from dental amalgam fillings and thimerosal in vaccines is not a ma7or health ha!ard, 0ut adverse health effects cannot 0e ruled out in a small and more suscepti0le part of the exposed population. Individual differencesin toxicokinetics may explain suscepti0ility to mercury. In0red, 8-9-congenic  .S and B$3.S mice and their *$- and *9-hy0rids ere given 8g#l9 ith 9.3 mg 8gG drinking ater and traces of 93</8g. hole-0ody retention B(/ as monitored until steady state after = eeks, hen the organ 8g content as assessed. Despite similar 8g intake,

A(SW males attaine" a 2606 signi!icantly higher W5R an" 2 to +!ol" higher total renal :g retention/concentration than A(SW !emales an" 516(S mice( A selecti#e renal :g accumulation 3ut o! loer magnitu"e as seen also in 516(S males compare" ith !emales(

 Differences in B( and organ 8g accumulationare therefore regulated 0y non-8-9 genes and gender. ymph nodes lacked the strain- and gender-dependent 8g accumulation profile of kidney, liver and spleen. fter $= days ithout 8g .S mice shoed a 2-fold higher B( and liver 8g concentration, 0ut $$-fold higher renal 8g concentration, shoing the key role for the kidneys in explaining the sloer 8g elimination in .S mice. &he trait causing higher mercury accumulation as not dominantly inherited in the *$ hy0rids. *9 mice shoed a large inter-individual variation in 8g accumulation, shoing that multiple genetic factors influence the 8g toxicokinetics in the mouse. &he genetically heterogeneous human population may therefore sho a large variation in mercury toxicokinetics.

5.

  (evie of the Differences in Developmental, "sychiatric, and 'edical Endophenotypes Beteen 'ales and *emales ith utism Spectrum Disorder  Dev "hys Disa0il. 93$= *e0F 95$/+ $$%N$<%.Eric (u0enstein, isa D. iggins, and i-#hing eeEric (u0enstein, Department of Epidemiology, ohns 8opkins Bloom0erg Schoolof "u0lic 8ealth, ;$= . olfe Street, (oom E;3<9, Baltimore, 'D 9$93=, HSF