NUTRITION

By

Murniza Muhamad
 Knowledge
• Animal Nutrition
• Adaptation of teeth and jaws according to
feeding habit
 Skills
• Classify animals according to nutrition
• Describe the features of teeth and jaws
according to feeding habit
 What is herbivore?
• A herbivore is an animal that gets its
energy from eating plants, and only plants.
Herbivore can also eat parts of plants, but
generally only the fruits and vegetables
produced by fruit-bearing plants. Many
herbivores have special digestive systems
that let them digest all kinds of plants,
including grasses.
• Herbivores need a lot of energy to stay
alive. Many of them, like cows and sheep,
eat all day long. There should be a lot of
plants in your ecosystem to support your
herbivores. If you put carnivores or some
omnivores in your ecosystem, they'll eat
your herbivores, so make sure you have
enough herbivores to support them.
 What is Omnivore?
• An omnivore is a kind of animal that eats
either other animals or plants. Some
omnivores will hunt and eat their food, like
carnivores, eating herbivores and other
omnivores. Some others are scavengers
and will eat dead matter. Many will eat
eggs from other animals.
• Omnivores eat plants, but not all kinds of plants.
Unlike herbivores, omnivores can't digest some
of the substances in grains or other plants that
do not produce fruit. They can eat fruits and
vegetables, though. Some of the insect
omnivores in this simulation are pollinators,
which are very important to the life cycle of
some kinds of plants.
 What is carnivore?
• A carnivore is an animal that gets food from
killing and eating other animals.
• Carnivores generally eat herbivores, but can
eat omnivores, and occasionally other
carnivores. Animals that eat other animals,
like carnivores and omnivores are important
to any ecosystem, because they keep other
species from getting overpopulated.
• Since carnivores have to hunt down and
kill other animals they require a large
amount of calories. This means that they
have to eat many other animals over the
course of the year. The bigger the
carnivore, the more it has to eat. You
should make sure that you have many
more herbivores and omnivores than
carnivores.
 What it eats?

PLANTS AND
ANIMALS
OTHER ANIMALS OTHER
ANIMALS
 What it eats?

PLANTS &
PLANTS PLANTS ANIMALS
 What it eats?

PLANTS PLANTS& ANIMALS PLANT&ANIMALS

• Describe the features of teeth and jaws
according to feeding habit.
• Much of the adaptive success of mammals is
related to teeth
• Mammals are the only vertebrates that
masticate
• Mammalian teeth are adapted for various diets
• Note the relationship between dentition and
feeding pattern and how this impacts shape
and structure of jaw and associated
musculature
• REFER TO TOOTH STRUCTURE
 Plant Nutrition
• Plant nutrition is the study of the
chemical elements that are necessary for
plant growth. There are several principles
that apply to plant nutrition.
• Some elements are essential, meaning
that the absence of a given mineral
element will cause the plant to fail to
complete its life cycle; that the element
cannot be replaced by the presence of
another element; and that the element is
directly involved in plant metabolism
(Arnon and Stout, 1939).
• Plants require specific elements for growth
and, in some cases, for reproduction.
 Plant Nutrition

• Plants need 16 elements for normal

growth. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
are found in air and water. Nitrogen,
potassium, magnesium, calcium,
phosphorous, and sulfur are found in the
soil. These six elements are used in
relatively large amounts by the plant and
are called macronutrients.
• There are eight other elements that are
used in much smaller amounts and are
called micronutrients, or trace elements.
The micronutrients, which are found in the
soil, are iron, zinc, molybdenum,
manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, and
chlorine. All 16 elements, both
macronutrients and micronutrients, are
essential for plant growth.
 Mnemonics
• "CHOPKN'S CaFe Mg MoB CuMnZn"
or "C-Hopkins Cafe. Mighty Good.
Mob comes in."
 Major nutrients include:
• C = Carbon 450,000ppm
• H = Hydrogen 60,000ppm
• O = Oxygen 450,000ppm
• P = Phosphorus 2,000ppm
• K = Potassium 10,000ppm
• N = Nitrogen 15,000ppm
• S = Sulphur 1,000ppm
• Ca = Calcium 5,000ppm
• Mg = Magnesium 2000ppm
 Minor Nutrients:

• Fe = Iron 100ppm
• Mo = Molybdenum 0.1ppm
• B = Boron 20ppm
• Cu = Copper 6ppm
• Mn = Manganese 50ppm
• Zn = Zinc 20ppm
• Cl = Chlorine 100ppm
• These nutrients are further divided into the
mobile and immoblile nutrients. A plant will
always supply more nutrients to its
younger leaves than its older ones, so
when nutrients are mobile, the lack of
nutrients is first visible on older leaves.
• When a nutrient is less mobile, the
younger leaves suffer because the
nutrient does not move up to them but
stays lower in the older leaves.
• Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are
mobile nutrients, while the others have
varying degrees of mobility. Concentration
of ppm (parts per million) represents the
dry weight of a representative plant.
Exercise
 • HOMEWORK (prepare ppt slides)

Topic Skills Group

Excretion Draw and label Ong seok ling
the structure of Ong Guik Joo
skin and state
their functions
Draw and label Norazila Hassan
the structure of Mahani Hassan
kidney and state
their functions
Topic Skills Group
Reproduction Describe how The Lee Kiaw
animals Chua Phek See
reproduce
either through
laying eggs or
giving birth
Describe Rafizah Ramli
asexual Siti Rohani Mokhtar
reproduction
Topic Skills Group
Animal Describe Noor Azalizam &
locomotion various types Muhammad Adnan
of animal
locomotion
Explain the Ooi Kheng Hwa
importance of Chin Li Ming
locomotion to
animals
Topic Skills Group
Plant Describe the Johari Jusoh
movement various ways Chuah Choon Lan
plants respond
to stimuli

Plant excretionDescribe the Lim Cheo Tek

process of Lim Bee Choo
transpiration
and guttation in
plants