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The Nature of This Work
Our Philosophy
 
is a collection of our basic notions concerning the world and our way of considering it.For this reason, the book, with the exception of the Introduction, is divided into two investigations: oneconcerned with the theory of knowledge, and the other, with the philosophical notion of the world.The task of the first investigation undertaken by this work can be summarized as follows:1. To provide evidence for the [soundness of] rational logic which asserts that the rational methodof thought is sound, and that the mind - as it is equipped with necessary knowledge prior toexperience - is the primary criterion of human thought. There can be no philosophical or ascientific thought that does not submit to this general criterion. Even the experience thatempiricists claim to be the primary criterion is not in reality anything but an instrument forapplying the rational criterion. The experiential theory cannot dispense with the rational treasure.2. To study the value of human knowledge, and to show that one can admit that knowledge has a[true] value on the basis of rational logic, and not on the basis of dialectical logic which cannotgive knowledge a true value. Our basic purpose in this investigation is to determine the book'smethod in the second investigation, since the positing of a general notion concerning the worlddepends, in the first place, on determining the principal method of thought, the general criterionof true knowledge,[1]and the extent of (p. 8) the value of true knowledge. That is why the firstinvestigation is in fact a preparatory discussion for the second. The second investigation of thework is the basic investigation, to which we would like to direct the reader's attention inparticular.The discussion of the second investigation runs into five parts. In the first part, we present thephilosophical notions in conflict and their identifications. We will also offer some clarification of thesenotions.In the second part, we will take up the dialectic, since it is the best-known method on which modernmaterialism rests today. Thus, we will study objectively and in detail all the major ideas of the dialecticthat were formulated by Hegel[2]and Karl Marx[3], the two dialectic philosophers. In the third part, we will study the principle and laws of causality that govern the world, as well as thecomprehensive philosophical explication of the world that causality offers us. We will also treat anumber of philosophical doubts that have emerged in light of recent scientific developments.From there, we will move to the fourth part [concerning] matter and God[4]. This discussion relates toone of the final stages of the conflict between materialism and theology, so that we can form ourtheological notion of the world in light of the philosophical laws and the various natural and humansciences.In the final part, we will study one of the most significant philosophical problems namely, that of 
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