Phan Mem Quan Ly Diem Bang Access

TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH THNG TIN HU NGH VIT HN
KHOA KHOA HC MY TNH

N
PHN MM QUN L IM BNG ACCESS
(Mn: Qun l v x l d liu cn bn)
Ngi hng dn: H Vn Phi
Lp: CCQ-DL01
Nhm thc hin: Nhm 1
Nng, thng 7 nm 2008

TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH THNG TIN HU NGH VIT HN
KHOA KHOA HC MY TNH

N
PHN MM QUN L IM BNG ACCESS
(Mn: Qun l v x l d liu cn bn)
Ngi hng dn: H Vn Phi
Lp: CCQ-DL01
Nhm thc hin: Nhm 1
1. V Cng Bch
2. L Thanh Hng
3. Dng Th Huyn Trang
4. Hunh Thanh Tng
Nng, thng 7 nm 2008

MC LC
Chng 1 CC BC CHUN B .................................................. 4
1 Xy dng c s d liu ..................................................... 4
1.1 Khi nim v c s d liu Access ................................... 4
1.2 Bng d liu (Tables) ........................................................ 4
2 Thit k truy vn (Query) ................................................ 8
2.1 C s l lun ...................................................................... 8
2.2 Cc bc thit k truy vn (Query) ................................ 9
3 Thit k giao din (Form) ................................................. 11
3.1 C s l lun ...................................................................... 11
3.2 Cc bc thit k giao din (Form) ................................. 11
4 Thit k bo co (Report) ................................................. 14
4.1 C s l lun ...................................................................... 14
4.2 Cc bc thit k bo co (Report) ................................. 15
5 Thit k trang truy cp d liu (Pages) .......................... 16
5.1 C s l lun ...................................................................... 16
5.2 Cc bc thit k trang truy cp d liu (Pages) .......... 16
6 Thit k Macro .................................................................. 18
6.1 C s l lun ...................................................................... 18
6.2 Cc bc thit k Macro .................................................. 19
Chng 2 BO CO TNG TH THIT K V CHY
CHNG TRNH ............................................................ 20
2.1 Bo co tng th thit k .................................................. 20
2.2 Chy chng trnh hon thnh ....................................... 20

VIET HAN ITC n qun l im
Qun l v x l d liu cn bn Trang 4
I. TNH CP THIT CA TI
Trong h thng qun l hin nay tt c cc trng hc, vic qun l im ca hc
sinh, sinh vin l v cng quan trng v cn thit.
p ng nhu cu nhm 1 bt tay vo vic nghin cu mt phn mm c
th gii quyt cng vic qun l im mt cch hiu qu v chnh xc hn.
Phn mm c rt nhiu tnh nng m cc nh qun l im quan tm nh: Tnh
im trung bnh, nhp v xem im vi giao din d nhn tng chnh xc trong qu
trnh nhp v tnh im, v im l mt c s nh gi trnh hc lc ca ngi i
hc. c bit tnh nng truy vn (Query) c cha tham s ca phn mm gip ngi
s dng c th truy cp vo bt k bng ghi no c trong phm vi qun l v chnh sa.
Tnh nng d s dng l quan trng nht, trong thi i cng ngh hin nay, vic
s dng c tin hc vn phng rt ph bin, chnh v th m phn mm qun l im
c vit trn nn Access nm trong b Office ca tp on Microsoft l mt li th
cho ngi s dng.
Ngoi ra ngi s dng cn c th thay i mt s tnh nng ca phn mm c
th ph hp vi ban hnh ca B Gio dc v o to.
II. CNG CHI TIT
Chng 1: CC BC CHUN B
1. Xy dng c s d liu (tables)
2. Thit k truy vn (Queries)
3. Thit k giao din (Form)
4. Thit k bo co (Report)
5. Thit k trang truy cp d liu (Pages)
6. Thit k Macros
Chng 2: Bo co tng th thit k v chy chng trnh
2.1 Bo co tng th thit k
2.2 Chy chng trnh hon thnh
III. NI DUNG
n nghin cu gm 2 chng
CHNG 1:
CC BC CHUN B
1. Xy dng c s d liu
1.1. Khi nim v c s d liu Access
CSDL Access l mt i tng bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu, cc kt ni gia cc
bng c thit k mt cch ph hp phc v lu tr d liu cho mt ng dng
qun l d liu no .
V d:
CSDL Qun l im sinh vin bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu:
danhsachsinhvien, danhsachloptheomon, danhsachlopcodinh, danhsachdiem,
danhsachmonhoc c kt ni vi nhau mt cch ph hp phc v lu tr d liu cho
ng dng qun l im sinh vin mt trng hc. Ton b cu trc CSDL qun l
im sinh vin trn Access c m t nh sau:

Hnh 1.1: M t lin kt cc bng d liu
1.2. Bng d liu (Tables)
1.2.1. C s l lun
Bng d liu (Tables) l mt thnh phn quan trng nht ca c s d liu
(CSDL). N l ni lu tr d liu tc nghip cho ng dng.
Mt CSDL c th c rt nhiu bng d liu, cc bng phi c thit k sao
cho c th lu tr c y d liu cn thit v phi m bo gim ti a
tnh trng d tha d liu, gim ti a dung lng c s d liu c th, ng
thi to mi trng lm vic thun li cho vic pht trin ng dng trong cc
bc tip theo.
Mt bng d liu trn Access bao gm cc thnh phn:
Tn bng.
Cc trng d liu
Trng kha.
Bn ghi.
Tp hp cc thuc tnh cn thit cho mi trng d liu v tp hp
cc bng ghi.

Hnh 1.2: M t mt bng d liu trong trng thi Datasheet

Hnh 1.3: M t mt bng d liu trong trng thi Design view
1.2.2. Xy dng cu trc bng (Tables)
gii quyt bi ton qun l im(theo h tn ch) ta cn thit lp cc bng
d liu nh sau: danhsachsinhvien, danhsachloptheomon, danhsachlopcodinh,
danhsachdiem, danhsachmonhoc.
Mi ct l mt trng
d liu (Field)
Mi dng l mt bng ghi (Record)
Trng kha (Primary Key)
Tp hp cc thuc tnh
ca trng d liu.
Ta tin hnh to bng Danhsachsinhvien theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Khi ng trnh thit k cu trc bng ch Design View, th
Tables, nhn nt New, chn Design View, nhn OK. Hoc nhn Creat Table
in Design View trn th Tables. Hp thoi thit k cu trc mt bng xut
hin:

Hnh 1.4: Hp thoi thit k bng.
Bc 2: Khai bo danh sch tn cc trng ca bng: bng cch g danh sch
tn cc trng ln ct Field Name ca ca s thit k. i vi bng
Danhsachsinhvien bao gm 5 trng l: Masinhvien, Malop, Tensinhvien,
Ngaysinh, Gioitinh.
Bc 3: Khai bo kiu d liu cho cc trng ca bng, bng cch chn kiu
d liu cho tng trng ct Data Type tng ng.
Bc 4: Thit lp trng kho cho bng bng cch:
- Dng chut kt hp gi phm Shift nh du u dng cc trng
mun thit lp kho.
- M thc n Edit | Primary key thit lp thuc tnh kho cho cc
trng va chn. Cng c th ra lnh ny bng cch nhn nt
Primary key trn thanh cng c.
Bc 5: Lu li cu trc bng vi tn Danhsachsinhvien. Nhn t hp phm
Alt + S hoc nhn nt Save trn thanh cng c.
Tng t ta to cc bng d liu khc:
- Bng Danhsachdiem gm cc trng nh sau: Masinhvien, Malop,
Diemquatrinh, Diemthilan1, Diemthilan2. Trong trng
Masinhvien v Malop c chn lm trng chnh.
- Bng Danhsachloptheomon gm: Maloptheomon, Mamonhoc,
Sotinchi, Gvphutrach, Siso, Hocky. Trng Maloptheomon l trng
chnh.
- Bng Danhsachmonhoc gm: Mamonhoc, Tenmonhoc, Ghichu.
Trng Mamonhoc l trng chnh.
- Bng Danhsachlopcodinh gm: Malop, Tenlop, Khoa, Siso, GVCN.
Trng Malop l trng chnh.
1.2.3. Thit lp quan h (Relationship)
Sau khi to xong cc bng d liu, ta phi tin hnh lin kt cc bng li vi
nhau d liu ca tng bng c th kt ni tr thnh mt h thng lu tr d
liu hon chnh.
To lin kt cho cc bng c s d liu nh sau:
- Bng Danhsachmonhoc lin kt 1-nhiu vi bng Danhsachloptheomon
thng qua trng Mamonhoc.
- Bng Danhsachloptheomon lin kt 1-nhiu vi bng Danhsachdiem
thng qua trng Maloptheomon.
- Bng Danhsachdiem lin kt nhiu-1 vi bng Danhsachsinhvien thng
qua trng Masinhvien.
- Bng Danhsinhvien lin kt nhiu-1 vi bng Danhsachlopcodinh thng
qua trng Malop.

Hnh 1.5: To lin kt gia cc bng d liu.
1.2.4. Nhp d liu cho bng
Sau khi to lin kt cho bng ta c th nhp d liu cho bng mt cch d
dng v chnh xc.
Ta tin hnh nhp d liu t hai pha, bt u t bng d liu
Danhsachmonhoc v Danhsachlopcodinh

Hnh 1.6: Nhp d liu t bng Danhsachmonhoc.

Hnh 1.7: Nhp d liu t bng Danhsachlopcodinh.
2. Thit k truy vn d liu (Query)
2.1. C s l lun
Truy vn d liu (Queries) l mt cng c x l d liu trc quan, hu hiu trn
Access.
C rt nhiu dng yu cu x l d liu nh: trch, lc ,hin th d liu, tng
hp, thng k, thm, bt, cp nht d liu,V vy s tn ti mt s loi Query
tng ng gii quyt cc yu cu x l d liu trn.
Trong Access c cc loi truy vn d liu nh:
- Select Query
- Total Query (Truy vn tng hp)
- Parameter Query (Truy vn c cha tham s)
- Crosstab Query (Truy vn cho)
- Action Query (Truy vn hnh ng)
- SQL Query
Sau khi nhp d liu cho
trng kha chnh ca bng
ny ta c th lin kt n mt
bng khc bng cch kch
chut vo du cng (+).
2.2. Cc bc thit k truy vn (Query)
xem im ca i tng (Gm 1 bng ghi hay nhiu bng ghi) ta c th s
dng mt trong s kiu truy vn nu trn ty thuc vo mc ch truy vn.
V d: Hy a ra danh sch im trung bnh mn Anh Vn ca tt c sinh vin
trong lp (c nh) D liu gm cc thng tin nh sau: Masinhvien, Tensinhvien,
Diemtrungbinh, Tenmonhoc, Mamonhoc, Malop (Trong mamonhoc v m lp
khng c hin th khi xut bo co)
Phn tch yu cu:
- Thng tin cn hin th c lu tr trong 2 bng d liu khc nhau, l
bng Danhsachsinhvien, Danhsachmonhoc, Danhsachloptheomon v
Danhsachdiem.
- T 4 bng d liu trn, ta phi trch lc c nhng thng tin v im
trung bnh ca mn Anh Vn 1 ca lp D liu.
Cc bc tin hnh to Query:
- Trong ca s to Query ta c th chn 1 trong 2 cch to Query l Create
query in Design view (T thit k mi) hay Create query by using
wizard (Thit k vi ng dng c sng).

Hnh 2.1: Giao din thit k Query
- Tip n ta chn cc trng c lin quan trong cc bng d liu l
Danhsachsinhvien, Danhsachmonhoc, Danhsachloptheomon v
Danhsachdiem.

Hnh 2.2: Ca s cha cc bng thng tin v cc trng chn lm tham s.
- n bt c mt trng no sau khi hin th ta b nt chn trong bng ghi
Show.
- Trong bng ghi Criteria ta thit lp iu kin CCQ-DL01 cho trng Malop
v iu kin AV1 cho trng Mamonhoc trn cng mt hng (Cng cp), c
th thit lp iu kin khng c nh bng cch thay cp du nhy () bng cp
ngoc vung ([]).
- Kch chn nt thit lp cng thc tnh cho trng im trung bnh, ty
thuc vo mi mn hc m ta c cng thc tnh im trung bnh khc nhau.

Hnh 2.3: Ca s thit lp cng thc tnh im trung bnh.
- Sau khi hon tt bm nt hin th kt qu.

Hnh 2.4: Ca s thc thi truy vn.
3. Thit k giao din (Form)
3.1. Khi nim v Form
Khi s dng mt ng dng, a phn cng vic ca ngi dng lm trn cc hp
thoi (Dialogue), ca s (Windows). C 2 thnh phn ny trong lp trnh u c
gi l Form. Vi ngi dng, Form l giao din s dng phn mm; cn vi
nhng ngi pht trin phn mm, Form l nhng ci m h phi ngh, phi thit
k v to ra sao cho ngi dng h cm thy rt thoi mi, ph hp v d dng.
C 2 mi trng dng to Form trong Access:
- S dng trnh Form Wizard. y l cch rt n gin, nhanh chng, d dng
gip to nhanh mt Form.
- S dng trnh Form Design View - mt cng c tng i hon chnh to
ra cc form p ng nhiu yu cu khc nhau ca ngi s dng.
3.2. Cc bc to Form
To form xem v nhp im cho sinh vin bng cch s dng Form Wizard.
u tin ta to form cho bng d liu Danhsachdiem.
- Ta chn cc trng d liu cn hin th trn form qua danh sch
Selected Fields nh hnh sau:

Hnh 3.1: Chn cc trng d liu cn hin th trn form.
- Sau bm next chuyn sang bc tip theo l chn b cc hin th
v chn giao din hin th cho Form.

Hnh 3.2: Ca s la chn b cc hin th cho Form.

Hnh 3.3: Ca s la chn giao din hin th cho Form.
- Cui cng bm Finish hin th kt qu.

Hnh 3.4: Kt qu thc thi Form.
Theo yu cu th ta phi thit k Form bao gm hai thng tin l im v
thng tin sinh vin, do ta phi thit k thm form Danhsachsinhvien
vi cc bc thit k tng t nh phn thit k form cho
Danhsachdiem. Ri thc hin cc bc sau:
- M form Danhsachsinhvien,sau kch vo biu tng chuyn
sang ca s t thit k.
- Ko th form Danhsachdiem t ca s lm vic ca form vo ca s
hin th ca form Danhsachsinhvien.
- C th to thm cc nt lnh mi thay th cho cc nt lnh m
trng trnh h tr sn (c th khng to cng c).

Hnh 3.5: Thit k mt Form cho hai bng d liu.
- Kch vo biu tng chy th form v lu form va thit k li
vi tn Xem&nhapdiem.

Hnh 3.6: Kt qu hin th Sub-form Xem&nhapdiem.
4. Thit k bo co (Report)
4.1. C s ly lun
- Bo co (Report) l mt cng c hu hiu dng thit k cc mu bo co
trong Access. Cc bo co c s dng hin th d liu ca chng ta mt
cch c h thng.
- Bo co (Report) c th thit k c nhng mu biu in n n gin n
nhng mu biu phc tp phc v nhu cu in n a dng ca ngi dng.

Nt lnh
to mi.
Form im
c ghp vo
form thng tin
SV
4.2. Cc bc thit k Bo co
- Thit k truy vn cho report (S dng truy vn xem im trung bnh)
- Thit k report bng cch s dng Report wizard.
- Chn cc trng c s d liu trong truy vn mun hin th.

Hnh 4.1: La chn cc trng d liu hin th trn Report.
- Chn trng d liu masinhvien nhm d liu trong report.
- Chn cch thc trnh by report nh tng t nh phn thit k giao din cho
form.
- Nu mun thay i mt s thuc tnh trong report th m report ch
Design view thay i.

Tiu trang
bo co
Tiu trang
cui ca bo co
Phn hin th
d liu ca
cc trng.
Phn hin th tn
cc ct (trng)
Page Footer
thng ghi s
trang cho Report
Hnh 4.2: Ca s thit k Report ch Design View.
- Thc thi report, ta c kt qu hin th nh sau:

Hnh 4.2: Kt qu hin th bo co (Report)
5. Thit k trang truy cp d liu (Pages)
5.1. C s l lun
Trang truy cp d liu l mt kiu trang Web c bit, c kt ni trc tip
n d liu trong c s d liu. D liu ny c th c lu tr trong c s d liu
Microsoft Access (*.mdb) hoc trong c s d liu Microsoft SQL Server.
Pages cho php hin th son v son tho d liu c bn. Chng ta c th xem
thng tin tm tt hoc thm nhp su vo d liu thy c bn ghi chi tit c
lin quan vi thng tin tm tt.
5.2. Cc bc thit k Pages
- To truy vn cho trang truy vn d liu ( y ta ly li truy vn DTBAV1
to phn trn)
- To trang truy vn d liu ch wizard, chn truy vn v cc trng d
liu mun hin th thit k trang truy cp d liu.

Hnh 5.1: La chn trng d liu cho trang truy cp d liu.
- Chn trng d liu nhm thng tin trn trang truy cp d liu ( y ta
chn trng Masinhvien)

Hnh 5.2: Chn trng d liu hin th trn trang truy cp d liu.
- M trang truy cp d liu dng Design view tinh chnh thuc tnh v cu
trc ca trang truy cp d liu.

Hnh 5.3: Tinh chnh cu trc, thuc tnh ca trang truy cp d liu.
- Thc thi trang truy cp d liu va to, kt qu nh sau:

Hnh 5.4: Kt qu thc thi trang truy cp d liu.
6. Thit k Macros
6.1. C s l lun
Trong Access Macro th hin cc tc v ring bit ca ngi dng chng hn
nh m mt Form hoc chy mt bo co v cho php ta m rng ng dng c s
d liu mt cch d dng.
Cc Macro c th c s dng cho nhng tc v c lp i lp li tit kim
thi gian. Cc Macro c th thc hin cc tc v nh:
- Chy cng lc cc truy vn v cc bo co.
- M cng lc nhiu Form v nhiu bo co.
- Kim tra tnh chnh xc d liu trn cc Form.
- Di chuyn d liu gia cc bng.
- Th hin cc hnh ng khi ta kch vo nt lnh.
6.2. Cc bc thit k Macros
- Thit k macro vi cng mt hnh ng l OpenForm v Open Query
- Trong trng d liu Form Name, ta chn tn form mun m. y, ta chn
form Nhap&xemdiem1.

Hnh 6.1: To hnh ng cho Macro
- Lu macro va to
Thc thi macro va to, ta thy form Nhap&xemdiem1 c hin ln khi kch
hot macro ny.

CHNG 2:
BO CO TNG TH V CHY CHNG TRNH
2.1. Bo co tng th thit k
2.2. Chy chng trnh hon thnh
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Microsoft Access 2000 Bible Quick Start; Cary N.Prague, Michael R. Iruin;
Pulished by Hungry Minds, Inc, 2002.
2. Microsoft Access 2000 with VBA Advanced; Al Napier, Phil Judd, H.
Albert Napier, Philip J. Judd; Pulished by Kris Oxford, 2000.
3. Mastering Microsoft Office 2000 Professional Edition; Gini Courter and
Annette Marquis; Pulished by Oxford Express, 1999.
4. Ti liu t Mng Gio dc Vit Nam
http://www.edu.net.vn/Default.aspx?tabindex=1&tabid=6&mid=18
5. Thng tin sn phm v cc ti liu hc tp lin quan ti Website ca Cng ty
Microsoft http://office.microsoft.com/en-ca/FX010857911033.aspx.

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TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH THNG TIN HU NGH VIT HN

KHOA KHOA HC MY TNH

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