Nature and

Process of
Planning
Rowen Remis R. Iral
2012 November 12

Organizational Management
Definition of Plan
Typically any diagram or list of steps with
timing and resources, used to achieve an
objective
Temporal set of intended actions which
one expects to achieve a goal.
Plans
Structured and formal plans
Informal or ad-hoc plans
Definition of Planning
Forethought

Forecasting
Steps in Planning Process
Goal Setting
Plans are means to achieve ends or
objectives
Objective clear, specific and informative
Tools:
Mind map
SMART
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-
bound
Steps in Planning Process
Developing the planning premises
Assumptions and conditions must be clearly
defined
Tools:
Decision Table
Steps in Planning Process
Reviewing Limitations
Constraints or Limitations
Finance
Human Resources
Materials
Power
Machinery
Tool:
SWOT Analysis
Steps in Planning Process
Deciding the Planning Period
Too much planning can also cause delay
and overcautious actions
Steps in Planning Process
Formulation of Policies and Strategies
Alternative plans
Controlling activities in the future
Steps in Planning Process
Preparing Operating Plans
Operations plans / Basic Plan
Procedures
Programmers
Schedules
Budgets
Rules
Steps in Planning Process
Integration of Plans
Different plans must support each other
Sequence and alternatives
Reviewing and revising plans
Communication of plans
SWOT Analysis
The most renowned tool for audit and
analysis of the overall strategic position of
the business and its environment. Its key
purpose is to identify the strategies that
will create a firm specific business model
that will best align an organizations
resources and capabilities.
Internal Analysis
Strengths
Qualities that enable to accomplish the
organizations mission
Weaknesses
Qualities that prevents from accomplishing
mission and achieving companys full
potential
External Analysis
Opportunities
Competitive advantage
Threats
Competition
Survivality
Common Planning
Problems
Agreement on definitions and
terminology.
Needs accurate information and correct
assumptions.
High standards of planning for complex
organization
Strategy
Plan of action designed to achieve a
specific goal.
Gaining or being prepared to gain a
position of advantage over adversaries or
best exploiting emerging possibilities
Strategic Planning Process
Mission & Objectives
Environmental Scanning
Strategy Formulation
Strategy Implementation
Evaluation and Control
Environmental Scan
Internal Analysis of the Firm
Analysis of the firms industry (task
environment)
External Macroenvironment (PEST/STEP)
Political
Economic
Social
Technological
Planning Types
Strategic Planning
Business Planning
Financial Planning
Questions?

Thank you.
Rowen Remis R. Iral
IT Engineer
Technology, Management, Strategy
http://wenmi01.tumblr.com