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Enquiry questionsKey ideas and concepts
Guidance and possible examples 
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4.7What are thecomponents ofpopulation change?
The concept of population as a system with inputs, stores andoutputs. Role of migration in system.
Population change – the essential dynamics to be linked to interaction of natural change and migration components in contrasting countries 
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Natural change, migration balance and net change.
Global overview 
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plus contrasts at a national/ continental scale of birth rates 
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death rates 
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fertility 
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Census data and measures of change – birth, death, fertility,migration rates. Role of census in national and regionalplanning.
Use of census work with Scamp CD 
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Sample areas to look at dynamics of change at small scale (eg ward) and regional scale 
.How is populationchange measuredand portrayed?How and why dorates of populationchange varyspatially and overtime?
Portraying population density, distribution and change.
Development of topological maps (global/continental) 
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Use of choropleths/dot maps 
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Definition of density/distribution 
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Global spatial variations in key measures of population change– causal factors.
Assessment of key factors linked to economic development such as standards of health 
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welfare 
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education 
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role of women etc in the demographic transition 
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The links between population change over time anddevelopment.
Demographic transition over time 
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examples from selected countries at different states of development 
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4.8What are theglobal challengesposed bypopulation change?What are thenational challengesposed bypopulation change?
World population growth and future projections.
Idea of exponential trend of global population increase 
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Population and resources – over-, under- and optimum(sustainable) population. Conflicting views of Malthus/Boserup.Limits to growth model.
Assessment of overall global equation of population and resources 
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Continental and national differentials 
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Role of technology in expanding resource base 
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Over- and underpopulation exemplified 
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Coping with population growth (providing housing, work andservices) and loss (maintaining viable communities).
Assessment of issues in one rapidly expanding area and one area in decline to bring out contrasts (eg impact of AIDS in East Africa) 
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Changing age and gender structures. Their implications foreconomic development and service provision.
Changing family structure (single parent/single person households) 
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Economic impact of structure (eg dependency ratio) 
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Gender imbalance (eg ‘little emperors’ in China) 
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Implications of youthful and ageing societies for provision of leisure 
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health and welfare services and employment 
.How do decisionmakers seek tomanage populationchange?
Controlling numbers – contrasting attitudes, strategies andincentives.
Controlling movement within and across national boundaries –contrasting government policies.
Assessment of two contrasting national policies 
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Assessment of impact of contrasting migration policies 
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or plans such as Indonesian transmigration 
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or quotas and incentives 
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