1.

Phn tch ng li, phng chm khng chin chng 3

a. ng li khng chin chng Php
- Hon cnh lch s: T11/1946 qun Php tn cng v chim ng Hi Phng v th x Lng Sn,
b ln Nng, gy nhiu cuc khiu khch, tn st ng bo ta.
TW ng ch trng ha hon vi Php nhng khng c.
Mnh lnh khng chin c pht i. Vo lc 20h ngy 19/12/1946 tt c cc chin trng trong
c nc ng lot n sng. Ngy 20/12/1946 , li ku gi ton quc khng chin ca HCM
c pht i.
Thun li ca nhn dn khi bc vo cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php xm lc l ta
chin u bo v nn c lp t do ca dn tc v nh ch trn nc mnh nn c chnh
ngha. Ta c s chun b cn thit v mi mt, trong khi Php c nhiu kh khn v chnh tr,
kinh t, qun s trong nc v ng Dng.
Kh khn ca ta l tng quan lc lng qun s yu hn ch, b bao vy 4 pha, cha c
nc no cng nhn, gip . Qun Php c v kh ti tn, chim ng c 2 nc
Campuchia, Lo...
ng li khng chin ca ng c hnh thnh b sung, hon chnh qua thc tin. Ngy
19/10/1946 , thng v TW ng m hi ngh qun s ton quc ln th 1, ra nhng ch
trng bin php c th v t tng v t chc d qun dn c nc bc vo cuc chin u
mi.
ng li ton quc khng chin ca ng c hon thnh v th hin tp trung trong 3 vn
kin: Ton dn khng chin ca TW ng (12/12/1946), li ku gi ton quc khng chin ca
HCM (19/12/1946), tc phm khng chin nht nh thng li ca Trng Chinh.
- Ni dung ng li:
Mc ch khng chin l nh phn ng thc dn Php xm lc ,ginh thng nht v c lp.
Tnh cht khng chin l 1 cuc chin tranh CM ca nhn dn, chin tranh chnh ngha, c tnh
cht ton dn, ton din v lu di. L 1 cuc chin tranh tin b v t do, c lp dn ch v ha
bnh.
Chnh sch khng chin: lin hip vi dn tc Php, chng phn ng thc dn Php, on kt
vi Min,Lo v cc dn tc yu chung t do v ha bnh, on kt cht ch ton dn, thc hin
ton dn khng chin, phi t cp t tc v mi mt.
Chng trnh v nhim v khng chin, kt ton dn, thc hin qun, chnh, dn nht tr...thc
hin ton dn khng chin, ton din khng chin, trng k khng chin...ginh quyn c lp,
bo ton lnh th, thng nht Trung, Nam, Bc.
Phng chm tin hnh khng chin: tin hnh cuc chin tranh nhn dn, thc hin khng chin
ton dn, ton din, lu di, da vo sc mnh l chnh.
Khng chin ton dn: " Bt k n ng, n b khng chia tn gio, ng phi, dn tc, bt k
ngi gi, ngi tr. H l ngi VN th phi ng ln nh thc dn Php"
Khng chin ton din l nh ch v mi mt, chnh tr, qun s, kinh t, vn ha, ngoi giao.
V chnh tr, thc hin on kt ton dn tng cng XD ng, chnh quyn, cc on th nhn
dn, kt vi Min Lo v cc dn tc yu chung ha bnh.
V qun s: thc hin v trang ton dn, XD lc lng v trang nhn dn, tiu dit ch, gii
phng nhn dn v t ai.
V kinh t: tiu th khng chin, XD kinh t t cung t tc, tp trung pht trin Nng nghip, th
cng nghip, thng nghip v cng nghip quc phng.
V vn ha: xa b vn ha thc dn, phong kin, xy dng nn vn ha dn ch mi theo 3
nguyn tc:dn tc, khoa hc, i chng.
V ngoi giao: thc hin thm bn, bt th, biu dng thc lc.
Khng chin lu di chng m mu nh nhanh, thng nhanh ca Php, c kh nng thi
gian pht huy yu t " thin thi, a li, nhn ha" ca ta, chuyn ha tng quan lc lng t
ch ta yu hn ch n ch mnh hn ch, nh thng ch.
Da vo sc mnh l chnh, phi t cung cp, t tc v mi mt v ta b bao vy 4 pha, cha
c nc no gip nn phi t lc cnh sinh,khi no c k ta s tranh th s gip ca cc
nc, song k li.
Trin vng khng chin, mc d lu di, gian kh, kh khn song nht nh thng li.
ng li k/chin ca ng vi nhng ni dung c bn l ng n v sng to, k tha kinh
nghim ca t tin, ng vi nguyn l v chin tranh CM ca ch ngha M-Lenin, va ph hp
thc t t nc lc by gi.
ng li XD ch dn ch nhn dn
T2/1951, ng CS ng Dng tin hnh i hi i biu ln th II, i hi thng qua bo
co hon thnh gii phng dn tc, pht trin dn ch nhn dn, tin ti CNXH do tng b th
Trng Chinh trnh by ti i hi ca ng Lao ng VN k tha v pht trin ng li
CM thnh ng li CM dn tc dn ch nhn dn. ng li c phn nh trong chnh
cng ca ng Lao ng VN. Ni dung c bn l:
Tnh cht XH, c 3 tnh cht dn ch nhn dn, mt phn thuc a v na p.kin. 3 tnh cht ny
mu thun vi nhau, trong mu thun gia tnh cht Dn ch nhn dn vi thuc a l c bn
nht.
i tng ca CM: C 2 i tng: i tng chnh l quc v php xm lc v bn can
thip M, i tng ph l phong kin c th l phong kin phn ng
Nhim v ca CM: Nhim v c bn l nh ui bn quc xm lc ginh c lp thng
nht tht s cho dn tc. Xa b nhng di tch ca phong kin v na p. kin, lm cho ngi cy
c rung, pht trin ch dn ch nhn dn gy c s cho CNXH
Ba nhim v gn b khng kht song nhim v gii phng dn tc l quan trng nht
- ng lc ca CM: ln u tin ng xc nh gm 4 giai cp: cng nhn, nng dn, tiu TS
thnh th, v tr thc, t sn dn tc. Nhng lc lng ny hp thnh nhn dn m nn tng l
cng nng v lao ng tr thc
- Cuc CM trn do giai cp cng nhn lnh o. c im l cuc CM dn tc dn ch nhn dn
tin ln CM XHCN.
- Trin vng ca CM, cm dn tc dn ch nhn dn nht nh s a c nc tin ln CNXH.
- Con ng i ln CNXH: l con ng u tranh lu di, tri qua 3 giai on nh nu
trong phn nhim v CM.
- Giai cp lnh o v mc tiu ca ng, lnh o l giai cp cng nhn thng qua i tin
phong l ng lao ng VN. Mc ch ca ng l pht trin ch dn ch nhn dn, tin ln
CNXH thc hin t do, hnh phc cho giai cp cng nhn, nhn dn lao ng v tt c cc
dn tc, a s, thiu s VN.
- Quan h quc t: VN ng v phe ha bnh, dn ch phi tranh th s gip ca LX, TQ v
cc nc XHCN trn th gii, thc hin kt Vit-Trung-X v Vit-Min-Lo.
b. ng li khng chin chng M
Hi ngh Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng ln th 15 (1-1959) v i hi ln th III ca ng
(9-1960) phn tch tnh cht x hi min Nam v vch ra ng li cch mng min Nam nh
sau:
Cuc cch mng min Nam l cuc cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn. Cuc cch mng
c:
Nhim v c bn l gii phng min Nam khi ch thng tr ca quc v phong kin, thc
hin c lp dn tc v ngi cy c rung, hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn
min Nam, xy dng mt nc Vit Nam ho bnh thng nht, dn ch v giu mnh.
Nhim v trc mt l on kt ton dn, kin quyt u tranh chng quc M xm lc v
gy chin tranh, nh tp on thng tr c ti Ng nh Dim, tay sai ca quc M,
thnh lp mt chnh quyn lin hip dn tc dn ch min Nam, thc hin c lp dn tc v
cc quyn t do dn ch, ci thin i sng nhn dn, gi vng ho bnh, thc hin thng nht
nc nh trn c s c lp v dn ch, tch cc gp phn bo v ho bnh ng - Nam v
th gii.
Con ng pht trin c bn ca cch mng min Nam l ly sc mnh ca qun chng, da vo
lc lng chnh tr ca qun chng l ch yu kt hp vi lc lng v trang nh ch
thng tr ca quc v phong kin, dng ln chnh quyn cch mng ca nhn dn. Phi thnh
lp mt Mt trn dn tc dn ch tht rng ri min Nam, ly lin minh cng nng lm c s,
cn c sch lc li dng mu thun gia cc b phn trong hng ng k th, phn ho v c lp
cao quc M v bn tay sai Ng nh Dim. S dng kt hp nhng hnh thc u tranh
hp php, na hp php v khng hp php, phi hp cht ch phong tro th vi phong
tro nng thn v vng cn c. Cn kin quyt gi vng ng li ho bnh, thng nht nc
nh. Song, v quc M l tn quc hiu chin u s, nn cuc khi ngha ca nhn dn
min Nam c th chuyn thnh cuc u tranh v trang trng k, thnh chin tranh cch mng.
Lc ng ta nhn nh rng, k ch cng c th liu lnh m rng chin tranh xm lc ra
min Bc, nn trong khi lnh o, ng phi chun b chu o v ch ng i ph, kin quyt
nh bi chng, hon thnh c lp v thng nht T quc.
Cng c, xy dng ng b min Nam tht vng mnh, khng ngng nng cao nng lc lnh
o ca cc cp ng b i vi s nghip cch mng min Nam, bo m s on kt nht tr
trong ng, nm vng phng chm hot ng b mt, tng cng mi quan h khng kht gia
ng v qun chng.
ng li cch mng do Hi ngh ln th 15 Ban chp hnh trung ng v i hi ln th III ca
ng ra l cn c ng lnh o, ch o thng li cuc khng chin chng M, cu nc,
gii phng min Nam, hon thnh cuc cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn trong c nc,
thng nht t quc, to iu kin a c nc i ln ch ngha x hi.

2. Kt qu v ngha lch s
- Giai on 1:
Kt qu ca vic thc hin ng li
V chnh tr: ng ra hot ng cng khai c iu kin kin ton t chc, tng cng s lnh
o i vi cuc khng chin. B my chnh quyn nm cp c cng c. Mt trn Lin hip
quc dn Vit Nam (Lin Vit) c thnh lp. Khi i on kt ton dn pht trin ln mt
bc mi. Chnh sch rung t c trin khai, tng bc thc hin khu hiu ngi cy c
rung.
V qun s: n cui nm 1952, lc lng ch lc c su i on b binh, mt i on
cng binh - pho binh. Thng li cc chin dch Trung Du. ng 18, H Nam Ninh, Ho Bnh,
Ty Bc, Thng Lo... tiu dit c nhiu sinh lc ch, gii phng nhiu vng t ai v
dn c, m rng vng gii phng ca Vit Nam v cho cch mng Lo.... Chin thng in Bin
Ph ngy 7/5/1954 c ghi vo lch s dn tc ta nh mt Bch ng mt Chi Lng hay mt
ng a trong th k XX v i vo lch s th gii nh mt chin cng hin hch, bo hiu s
thng li ca nhn dn cc dn tc b p bc, s sp ca ch ngha thc dn.
V ngoi giao: Vi phng chm kt hp u tranh chnh tr, qun s v ngoi giao, khi bit tin
Php c nh m phn, thng lng vi ta, ngy 27-12-1953, Ban B th ra Thng t nu r:
"lp trng ca nhn dn Vit Nam l kin quyt khng chin n thng li cui cng. Song
nhn dn v Chnh ph ta cng tn thnh thng lng nhm mc ch gii quyt ho bnh vn
Vit Nam". Ngy 8-5-1954, Hi ngh quc t v chm dt chin tranh ng Dng chnh
thc khai mc Ginev (Thu S). Ngy 20-7-1954, cc vn bn ca Hip ngh Ginev v
chm dt chin tranh, lp li ho bnh ng Dng c k kt, cuc khng chin chng thc
dn Php xm lc ca qun dn ta kt thc thng li.
ngha lch s
i vi nc ta, vic ra v thc hin thng li ng li khng chin, xy dng ch dn
ch nhn dn lm tht bi cuc chin tranh xm lc ca thc dn Php c quc M
gip sc mc cao, buc chng phi cng nhn c lp, ch quyn, ton vn lnh th ca
cc nc ng Dng; lm tht bi m mu m rng v ko di chin tranh ca quc M,
kt thc chin tranh lp li ho bnh ng Dng; gii phng hon ton min Bc, to iu
kin min Bc tin ln ch ngha x hi lm cn c a, hu thun cho cuc u tranh min
Nam; tng thm nim t ho dn tc cho nhn dn ta v nng cao uy tn ca Vit Nam trn
trng quc t.
i vi quc t, thng li c v mnh m phong tro gii phng dn tc trn th gii, m
rng a bn, tng thm lc lng cho ch ngha x hi v cch mng th gii; cng vi nhn
dn Lo v Campuchia p tan ch thng tr ca ch ngha thc dn c trn th gii, trc ht l
h thng thuc a ca thc phn Php.
nh gi v ngha lch s ca cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php xm lc, H Ch Minh
ni: "Ln u tin trong lch s, mt nc thuc a nh yu nh thng mt nc thc dn
hng mnh. l mt thng li v vang ca nhn dn Vit Nam, ng thi cng l mt thng li
ca cc lc lng ho bnh, dn ch v x hi ch ngha trn th gii".
- Giai on 2:
ng li tin hnh ng thi v kt hp cht ch hai chin lc cch mng do i hi ln th
III ca ng ra c ngha l lun v thc tin ht sc to ln.
- ng li th hin t tng chin lc ca ng: ging cao ngn c c lp dn tc v
ch ngha x hi, va ph hp vi min Bc va ph hp vi min Nam, va ph hp vi c
nc Vit Nam v ph hp vi tnh hnh quc t, nn huy ng v kt hp c sc mnh
ca hu phng v tin tuyn, sc mnh c nc v sc mnh ca ba dng thc cch mng trn
th gii, tranh th c s ng tnh gip ca c Lin X v Trung Quc. Do to ra
c sc mnh tng hp dn tc ta sc nh thng quc M xm lc, gii phng min
Nam, thng nht t nc.
- t trong bi cnh Vit Nam v quc t lc by gi, ng li chung ca cch mng Vit Nam
th hin tinh thn c lp, t ch v sng to ca ng ta trong vic gii quyt nhng vn
khng c tin l lch s, va ng vi thc tin Vit Nam, va ph hp vi li ch ca nhn loi
v xu th ca thi i.
- ng li chin lc chung cho c nc v ng li cch mng mi min l c s ng
ch o qun dn ta phn u ginh c nhng thnh tu to ln trong xy dng ch ngha x
hi min Bc v u tranh thng li chng cc chin lc chin tranh ca quc M v tay
sai min Nam.



- Giai on 3:
Kt qu
- min Bc, thc hin ng li, ch trng ca ng, sau 21 nm n lc phn u, cng cuc
xy dng ch ngha x hi t c nhng thnh tu ng t ho. Mt ch x hi mi, ch
x hi ch ngha bc u c hnh thnh. D chin tranh c lit, b tn tht nng n v vt
cht, thit hi ln v ngi, song khng c nn i, dch bnh v s ri lon x hi. Vn ho, x
hi, y t, gio dc khng nhng c duy tr m cn c s pht trin mnh. Sn xut nng
nghip pht trin, cng nghip a phng c tng cng.
Qun dn min Bc nh thng cuc chin tranh ph hoi ca quc M, in hnh l trn
"in Bin Ph trn khng" trn bu tri H Ni, Hi Phng t 18 n 30/12/1972 (bn ri 81
my bay M, c 34 B52, bt 43 gic li M).
Min Bc khng ch chia la vi cc chin trng m cn hon thnh xut sc vai tr cn c a
ca cch mng c nc v nhim v hu phng ln i vi chin trng min Nam.
- min Nam, vi s lnh o, ch o ng n ca ng, qun ta vt ln mi gian kh hy
sinh, bn b v anh dng chin u, ln lt nh bi cc chin lc chin tranh xm lc ca
quc M. Trong giai on 1954 - 1960 nh bi "Chin tranh n phng" ca M - Ngy,
a cch mng t th gi gn lc lng sang th tin cng, giai on 1961 - 1965 gi vng v
pht trin th tin cng, nh bi chin lc "Chin tranh t bit" ca M, giai on 1965 -
1968 nh bi chin lc "chin tranh cc b" ca M v ch hu, buc M phi xung thang
chin tranh, chp nhn ngi vo bn m phn vi ta ti Pari; giai on 1969 - 1975 nh bi
chin lc "Vit Nam ho chin tranh" ca M v tay sai m nh cao l i thng Ma Xun
1975 vi Chin dch H Ch Minh lch s, p tan ton b chnh quyn ch, buc chng phi
tuyn b u hng v iu kin, gii phng hon ton min Nam.
ngha lch s
- ngha lch s i vi nc ta l kt thc thng li 21 nm chin u chng quc M
xm lc, 30 nm chin tranh cch mng gii phng dn tc , chm dt hn mt th k chng
ch ngha thc dn kiu c v ch ngha thc dn kiu mi, gii phng min Nam, a li c
lp, thng nht, ton vn lnh th t nc; hon thnh cuc cch mng dn tc dn ch trn
phm vi c nc, m ra k nguyn mi cho dn tc ta, k nguyn c nc ho bnh, thng nht,
cng chung mt nhim v chin lc, i ln ch ngha x hi; tng thm sc mnh vt cht, tinh
thn, th v lc cho cch mng v dn tc Vit Nam, li nim t ho su sc v nhng kinh
nghim qu cho s nghip dng nc v gi nc giai on sau; gp phn quan trng vo vic
nng cao uy tn ca ng v dn tc Vit Nam trn trng quc t.
- ngha i vi cch mng th gii l p tan cuc phn kch ln nht ca ch ngha
quc vo ch ngha x hi v cch mng th gii k t sau cuc Chin tranh th gii ln th hai,
bo v vng chc tin n pha ng Nam ca ch ngha x hi; lm ph sn cc chin lc
chin tranh xm lc ca quc m, gy tn tht to ln v tc ng su sc n ni tnh nc
M trc mt v lu di; gp phn lm suy yu ch ngha quc, ph v mt phng tuyn quan
trng ca chng khu vc ng Nam , m ra s sp khng th trnh khi ca ch ngha
thc dn mi, c v mnh m phong tro u tranh v mc tiu c lp dn tc, dn ch t do v
ho bnh pht trin ca nhn dn th gii.
nh gi thng li lch s ca s nghip chng M, cu nc, Bo co chnh tr ti i hi i
biu ton quc ln th IV ca ng (thng 12/1976) khng nh: "Nm thng s tri qua, nhng
thng li ca nhn dn ta trong s nghip khng chin chng M, cu nc mi mi c ghi
vo lch s dn tc nh mt trong nhng trang chi li nht, mt biu tng sng ngi v s ton
thng ca ch ngha anh hng cch mng v tr tu con ngi, v i vo lch s th gii nh mt
chin cng v i ca th k XX, mt s kin c tm quan trng quc t to ln v c tnh thi i
su sc".