The 50-year career of Eliel Saarinen (1873-1950) can be divided into two part!

"arir 50
tah#n Eliel Saarinen (1873-1950) dapat diba$i %en&adi d#a ba$ian! 'racticin$ in (inland
for )5 year* he firt etablihed an international rep#tation baed on hi +,ational
-o%antic+ and .#$endtill-inpired architect#re! /erlatih di (inlandia ela%a )5 tah#n* ia
perta%a 0ali %e%bent#0 rep#tai internaional yan$ berdaar0an +-o%antic ,aional-
nya+ dan .#$endtill-terinpirai arite0t#r! The econd phae of Eliel Saarinen1 career
be$an when he e%i$rated to the 2nited State in 19)3* after placin$ econd the 19))
3hica$o Trib#ne Tower co%petition! Tahap 0ed#a 0arir Eliel Saarinen it# di%#lai 0eti0a
dia bere%i$rai 0e 4%eri0a Seri0at pada tah#n 19)3* etelah %ene%pat0an 0ed#a
0o%petii 19)) 3hica$o Trib#ne Tower! 5hile practicin$ in the 2nited State* Eliel
Saarinen alo a#%ed the role of ed#cator* firt at the 2niverity of 6ichi$an and then at
the 3ranbroo0 4cade%y of 4rt! Se%entara berlatih di 4%eri0a Seri0at* Eliel Saarinen
&#$a berperan eba$ai pendidi0* perta%a di 2niverity of 6ichi$an dan 0e%#dian di
40ade%i Seni 3ranbroo0! Eliel Saarinen not only dei$ned the 3ranbroo0 co%ple7 b#t*
#nder hi tewardhip* it beca%e one of the %ot infl#ential dei$n chool in the nation!
Eliel Saarinen tida0 hanya dirancan$ 0o%ple0 3ranbroo0 tetapi* di bawah pen$awaan-
,ya* %en&adi alah at# e0olah deain yan$ palin$ berpen$ar#h dala% ban$a!
8ottlieb Eliel Saarinen wa born in -antial%i* (inland* in 1873! 8ottlieb Eliel Saarinen
lahir di -antial%i* (inlandia* pada tah#n 1873! 4 portion of Eliel Saarinen1 childhood
wa pent in the -#ian re$ion of 9n$er%anland near St! 'eterb#r$* a re#lt of hi father
bein$ in the cler$y! /a$ian dari %aa 0ana0-0ana0 Eliel Saarinen yan$ dihabi0an di
wilayah -#ia 9n$er%anland de0at St 'eterb#r$* a0ibat ayahnya berada di #la%a! The
pro7i%ity of St! 'eterb#r$ provided the yo#n$ Eliel Saarinen with an #rban e7perience
#ne:#aled in %ore provincial (inland and alo $ave hi% acce to The ;er%ita$e!
"ede0atan St 'eterb#r$ %e%beri0an Eliel Saarinen %#da den$an pen$ala%an per0otaan
tiada bandin$nya di (inlandia lebih provini dan &#$a %e%berinya a0e 0e The
;er%ita$e! Eliel Saarinen initially intended to be a painter* a deire that he ac0nowled$ed
wa ti%#lated by viit to the %#e#%! Eliel Saarinen awalnya di%a0#d0an #nt#0
%en&adi pel#0i* 0ein$inan bahwa dia %en$a0#i ini dipic# oleh 0#n&#n$an 0e %#e#%!
4fter $rad#atin$ fro% hi$h chool in 1893* Eliel Saarinen enrolled in the <epart%ent of
4rchitect#re at the Technical 9ntit#te in ;elin0i* i%#ltaneo#ly ta0in$ drawin$ co#re
at ;elin0i 2niverity! Setelah l#l# dari e0olah tin$$i pada tah#n 1893* Eliel Saarinen
terdaftar di <eparte%en 4rite0t#r di 9ntit#t Te0ni0 di ;elin0i* e0ali$# %en$a%bil
pro$ra% %en$$a%bar di 2niverita ;elin0i! 5hile at the 9ntit#te* Eliel Saarinen
for%ed friendhip with ;er%an 8eelli# and 4r%a =ind$ren> the three for%ed an
architect#ral partnerhip in 189?* a year before Eliel Saarinen $rad#ated! Se%entara di
9ntit#t* Eliel Saarinen %e%bent#0 perahabatan den$an ;er%an 8eelli# dan 4r%a
=ind$ren> ti$a %e%bent#0 0e%itraan arite0t#r pada tah#n 189?* etah#n ebel#% l#l#
Eliel Saarinen! The 8eelli#* =ind$ren and Eliel Saarinen office lated #ntil 1905* when
=ind$ren left the partnerhip> 8eelli# and Eliel Saarinen contin#ed to practice to$ether
for two additional year! The 8eelli#* =ind$ren dan Eliel Saarinen 0antor berlan$#n$
a%pai tah#n 1905* 0eti0a =ind$ren %enin$$al0an 0e%itraan> 8eelli# dan Eliel
Saarinen ter# berlatih bera%a ela%a d#a tah#n ta%bahan! Eliel Saarinen %arried
8eelli#1 iter =o#ie (=o&a) in 190@ (hi econd %arria$e)> they had two children* a
da#$hter Eva-=ia ('ipan) and a on Eero! Eliel Saarinen %eni0ah adi0 8eelli#1
=o#ie (=o&a) pada tah#n 190@ (perni0ahan 0ed#a)* %ere0a p#nya d#a ana0* eoran$
p#tri Eva-=ia ('ipan) dan eoran$ p#tra Eero!
"eti0a 8eelli#* =ind$ren* dan Eliel Saarinen 0e%itraan dibent#0* (inlandia %en&alani
%aa 0eadaran naional endiri* naionali%e didaar0an pada 0ein$inan #nt#0 %encari
dan %e%aha%i aal-##l b#daya tradiional (inlandia! Thi interet in (inland1 ori$in
wa ti%#lated when Elia =onnrot p#blihed the firt edition of the national fol0 epic*
the "alevala! 9ni b#n$a di aal (inlandia ini dipic# 0eti0a Elia =onnrot %enerbit0an
edii perta%a dari epi0 ra0yat naional* "alevala! The powerf#l* poetic i%a$ery of the
"alevala* co#pled with the interet in developin$ a national for% of artitic e7preion*
provided a profo#nd o#rce of inpiration for (innih artit that re#lted in a tyle 0nown
a national ro%antici%! 8a%baran* 0#at p#iti dari "alevala* dita%bah den$an
0epentin$an dala% %en$e%ban$0an bent#0 e0prei eni naional* %enyedia0an #%ber
inpirai yan$ %endala% ba$i eni%an (inlandia yan$ %en$hail0an $aya yan$ di0enal
eba$ai ro%anti%e naional! ,ational ro%antic architect#re wa an advent#ro#* eclectic
ad %i7t#re of o#rce that incl#ded (innih vernac#lar and %edieval architect#re*
continental art no#vea# i%a$ery* ;; -ichardon! ,aional arite0t#r ro%anti adalah
eoran$ pet#alan$ i0lan e0le0ti0 ca%p#ran #%ber yan$ ter%a#0 arite0t#r verna0#lar
dan (inlandia abad perten$ahan* citra eni no#vea# ben#a* ;; -ichardon! 4ltho#$h the
firt co%%iion $iven the fir% wa the Tallber$ 4part%ent in ;elin0i (1897)* the
'oh&ola 9n#rance 3o%pany in ;elin0i (1899-1901) wa their firt tr#ly national
ro%antic wor0! 6e0ip#n 0o%ii perta%a yan$ diberi0an per#ahaan adalah 4parte%en
Tallber$ di ;elin0i (1897)* yan$ 'oh&ola 'er#ahaan 4#rani di ;elin0i (1899-1901)
adalah 0arya perta%a %ere0a benar-benar ro%anti naional! The (innih 'avilion for the
'ari E7hibition of 1900 etablihed their international rep#tation! 'avili#n (inlandia
#nt#0 'a%eran 'ari 1900 %endiri0an rep#tai internaional %ere0a! 4 the fir%1
rep#tation increaed* o did the co%%iion* villa* apart%ent co%%ple7e* and %a&or
p#blic wor0! Seba$ai rep#tai per#ahaan %enin$0at* be$it# &#$a den$an 0o%ii* villa*
co%%ple7e aparte%en* dan pe0er&aan #%#% #ta%a! Thee wor0 were characteriAed by
pict#re:#e plan co%poition* irre$#lar b#ildin$ %ain$* tactile %aterial vocab#lary*
and the incorporation of %otif and i%a$e fro% (innih architect#ral hitory! "arya-
0arya ini di0ara0teriai den$an 0o%poii rencana yan$ indah* %ain$ ban$#nan tida0
terat#r* 0oa0ata bahan ent#han* dan pen$$ab#n$an %otif dan $a%bar dari e&arah
arite0t#r (inlandia! '#blic b#ildin$* #ch a the 'oh&ola 9n#rance 3o%pany and the
,ational 6#e#% in ;elin0i (1901-1911)* are of $ranite contr#ction with decorative
orna%entation derived fro% (innih nat#re or fol0tale and incl#ed pecific reference to
(innih %edieval ch#rche and catle a well a to -ichardon1 wor0! ban$#nan #%#%*
eperti 'oh&ola 'er#ahaan 4#rani dan 6#e#% ,aional di ;elin0i (1901-1911)*
adalah pe%ban$#nan $ranit den$an hiaan de0oratif yan$ beraal dari ala% (inlandia
ata# cerita-cerita ra0yat dan refereni 0h## #nt#0 $ere&a-$ere&a 4bad 'erten$ahan
incl#ed (inlandia dan itana erta be0er&a -ichardon ! 4part%ent co%ple7e in ;elin0i*
#ch a Tallber$* Blofbor$ (1900-190))* (abianin0at# 17 (1900-1901)* and EB= (1901-
1903)* were rendered in painted t#cco* with tone appoint%ent and tile roof and were
accented by bay window and tower! "o%ple0 4parte%en di ;elin0i* eperti Tallber$*
Blofbor$ (1900-190))* (abianin0at# 17 (1900-1901)* dan EB= (1901-1903)* yan$
diberi0an di pleteran dicat* den$an &an&i bat# dan atap $enten$ dan &endela bera0en oleh
tel#0 dan %enara!
Cila-vila* ;vittra0 (190)-190@) dan S##r-6eriio0i (1901-1903)* %er#pa0an eni 9n$$ri
dan 0onep-0era&inan dari #at# 0arya eni benar-benar terinte$rai! ;vittra0 the t#dio
ho#e of 8eelli#* =ind$ren* and Eliel Saarinen* i an e7cellent e7a%ple of (innih
national ro%antic architect#re! ;vittra0 r#%ah t#dio 8eelli#* =ind$ren* dan Eliel
Saarinen* adalah contoh yan$ ba$# dari arite0t#r ro%anti (inlandia naional! =ocated
on a teep hillide o#tide ;elin0i the co%po#nd i ordered abo#t a co#rtyard within a
erie of terraced $arden! Terleta0 di ii b#0it yan$ c#ra% di l#ar 0o%ple0 ;elin0i
adalah %e%erintah0an tentan$ hala%an dala% eran$0aian ta%an bertin$0at! 'reented
a a reinterpretation of (inland1 vernac#lar pat* the pict#re:#e %ain$ of the co%ple7
i artic#lated with a r#tic tone bae and t#ccoed or hin$led wall* ha #pper torie of
lo$ contr#ction* and i capped by a tiled roof! <ia&i0an eba$ai reinterpretai dari %aa
lal# verna0#lar (inlandia* den$an %aa yan$ indah dari 0o%ple0 tereb#t
diarti0#lai0an den$an bai bat# pedeaan dan t#ccoed ata# papan dindin$* %e%ili0i
cerita ata 0ontr#0i lo$* dan dit#t#p den$an atap $enten$! The interior pace of the
Eliel Saarinen ho#e contain a variety of i%a$e and detail :#alitieD the $reat hall all#de
to vernac#lar far%ho#e and a ittin$ area incorporate %otif fro% %edieval ch#rche>
in$lenoo0 and leepin$ roo% are e7ec#ted in the art-and-craft tyle! -#an$ interior
r#%ah Eliel Saarinen %en$and#n$ berba$ai $a%bar dan 0#alita detailD r#an$ bear
%enyin$$#n$ verna0#lar r#%ah-r#%ah pertanian dan r#an$ d#d#0 %en$$ab#n$0an %otif
dari $ere&a-$ere&a abad perten$ahan> in$lenoo0 dan 0a%ar tid#r yan$ die0e0#i den$an
$aya-eni dan 0era&inan! Thee pace are f#rnihed with appoint%ent dei$ned by either
the Saarinen or their artit friend! -#an$-r#an$ yan$ dilen$0api den$an &an&i yan$
dirancan$ bai0 oleh Saarinen ata# te%an arti %ere0a! S##r-6eri&o0i* a plendid co#ntry
ho#e located near Ciip#ri* contain the betdeveloped Eliel Saarinen interior of hi
early career! S##r-6eri&o0i* eb#ah r#%ah pedeaan yan$ indah terleta0 di de0at Ciip#ri*
berii Eliel Saarinen betdeveloped interior dari awal 0ariernya! 6oreover* thee interior
de%ontrate a realiAed total artitic conception facilitated by the cloe wor0in$
relationhip between architect* artit* and artian! Selain it#* interior ini %en#n&#00an
0onepi %enyadari total artiti0 difailitai oleh h#b#n$an 0er&a yan$ erat antara arite0*
eni%an* dan 0era&inan!
4fter hi aociation with both =ind$ren and 8eelli# ended* Eliel Saarinen e7panded
hi practice to en$a$e in city plannin$ pro&ect a well a b#ildin$ dei$n! Setelah
h#b#n$annya den$an 0ed#a =ind$ren dan 8eelli# bera0hir* Eliel Saarinen %e%perl#a
pra0te0 #nt#0 terlibat dala% proye0-proye0 perencanaan 0ota erta deain ban$#nan! /y
190?* havin$ the tylitic li%itation of national ro%antici%* a %ore claical and
%on#%ental pirit e%er$ed in hi wor0 a e7e%plified by the ;elin0i -ailroad Station
(190@-191@)! 'ada 190?* %e%ili0i 0eterbataan $aya dari ro%anti%e naional* e%an$at
lebih 0lai0 dan %on#%ental %#nc#l dala% 0aryanya eperti yan$ ta%pa0 pada ;elin0i
-ailroad Station (190@-191@)! Eliel Saarinen1 ori$inal co%petition entry wa a
r#ticated* %edieval-referenced national ro%antic dei$n* wherea the co%pleted wor0 i
a balanced* .#$endtil-inpired co%poition incorporatin$ delicate concrete va#lted
interior pace! Eliel Saarinen ali entri adalah 0o%petii* deain r#ticated abad
perten$ahan-direfereni0an ro%anti naional* edan$0an pe0er&aan yan$ telah
dieleai0an adalah ei%ban$* 0o%poii .#$endtil-terinpirai %e%a#00an beton
ber0#bah r#an$ interior hal#! Thi tranfor%ation wa fotered by the ne$ative critici%
Eliel Saarinen1 entry received fro% the %ore pro$reive architect of the period> 8#taf
Stren$ell and Si$#rd (roter# la#nched a vi$oro# pre attac0 on what they conidered
to be the bac0ward-loo0in$ tylitic :#alitie of the dei$n! Tranfor%ai ini didoron$
oleh entri 0riti0 ne$atif Eliel Saarinen yan$ diteri%a dari para arite0 yan$ lebih pro$reif
periode> 8#taf Stren$ell dan Si$#rd (roter# %el#nc#r0an eran$an te0an 0#at pada
apa yan$ %ere0a dian$$ap %#nd#r-%encari 0#alita $aya deain! 9n %ovin$ away fro%
national ro%antici%* Eliel Saarinen1 final dei$n* infl#enced by (roter#1 co%petition
entry* alo incl#ded #$$etion for the #rban develop%ent #rro#ndin$ the tation!
<ala% ber$era0 &a#h dari ro%anti%e naional* deain a0hir Eliel Saarinen it#*
dipen$ar#hi oleh perain$an %a#0 (roter# it#* &#$a ter%a#0 aran #nt#0
pen$e%ban$an per0otaan di e0itar tai#n! Sy%%etrical plannin$ co%bined with
pyra%idal vol#%etric %ain$ artic#lated by tron$ vertical accent* which often
incl#ded a do%inant tower ele%ent* characteriAed Eliel Saarinen1 wor0 before 5orld
5ar 9! Eliel Saarinen1 co%petition entrie for the 'alace of 'eace in the ;a$#e (190?)
and the (innih 'arlia%ent ;o#e (1908)* a well a hi dei$n for the town hall in
=appeenranta (190?) .oen## (1909-1911)* =ahti (1911)* and T#r0# (1911) are
repreentative of the claical enibility infor%in$ hi architect#re at thi ti%e!
perencanaan i%etri di0o%binai0an den$an %aa vol#%etri0 pira%ida diarti0#lai0an
oleh a0en verti0al yan$ 0#at* yan$ erin$ ter%a#0 ele%en %enara do%inan* ditandai
0er&a Eliel Saarinen ebel#% entri 0o%petii 'eran$ <#nia 9! Eliel Saarinen #nt#0 9tana
'erda%aian di <en ;aa$ (190?) dan 'arle%en (inlandia ;o#e (1908)* erta deain-nya
#nt#0 balai 0ota di =appeenranta (190?) .oen## (1909-1911)* =ahti (1911)* dan T#r0#
(1911) adalah wa0il dari enibilita arite0t#r 0lai0 %en$infor%ai0an pada wa0t# ini!
The "alevala ;o#e dei$ned for ;elin0i (19)1)* altho#$h never b#ilt* i a%on$ hi
%ot #ccef#l %on#%ental dei$n! -#%ah "alevala dirancan$ #nt#0 ;elin0i (19)1)*
%e0ip#n tida0 diban$#n* adalah alah at# deain yan$ palin$ #0e it# %on#%ental!
Eliel Saarinen wa twice co%%iioned d#rin$ thi period to dei$n (inland1 c#rrency*
firt in 1909 while it wa till a -#ian 8rand <#chy* and a$ain in 1918-1919 after it
beco%e an independent nation! Eliel Saarinen adalah d#a 0ali dit#$a0an ela%a periode
ini #nt#0 %endeain %ata #an$ (inlandia* perta%a pada tah#n 1909 aat it# %aih
%er#pa0an 8rand -#ia "adipaten* dan la$i di 1918-1919 etelah %en&adi ban$a
%andiri!