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Quick tips and review for sketching lines and curves:
Straight line graph:
 y
=
1
3x2When x = 0,
 
y = 1,From (0,1), the line goes up withgradient 1.5Or, find the x and y intercepts.Set x = 0, find y.Then, set y = 0, find x.Draw a line through these two points.Compare with:
 y
=
1
−
3x2
At x = 0, y = 1, From (0,1), line goes down with gradient -1.5Or, find x and y intercepts and draw a line through the twopoints.
Now, on to curves!
Quadratic Functions:
 y
=
1

 x
−
3
2
Recall:Start with
 
y = 1The vertical axis is given by setting the squared term to zero, x = 3 Vertex V=(3,1) and it is aminimum.
 
Put x = 0, obtain y-intercept = 10
 y
=
1
−
 x
−
3
2
Here, too, start with y = 1and the vertical axis is also x = 3but the curve is an inverted parabola andV=(3,1) is a maximum point.Y-intercept is y = 1 – (0 – 3)
2
= 1 – 9 = -8Exponential Functions:
 y
=
1
e
 x
(exponential GROWTH)Step 1: Draw a dotted line y = 1Step 2: Find y-intercept:At x = 0,
 y
=
1
e
0
=
1
1
=
2, plot
 
(0,2)Step 3: Find what happens as x increases:As
 x
∞
, y
=
1
e
∞
=∞
So, as x goes to the right, y increases rapidly.
 
Exponential Decay:
 y
=
1
e
−
 x
Again, start by drawing a dotted line y = 1At x = 0,
 y
=
1
e
−
0
=
1
1
=
2
, (0,2)As
 x
∞
, y
=
1
e
−∞
=
1
0
=
1In this case, the curve 'dies off' on the line y = 1
 y
=
1
−
2
e
 x
Again, start by drawing y = 1 ( a dotted line)At x = 0,
 y
=
1
−
2
e
−
0
=
1
−
2
=−
1Indicate (0,-1)Now see what happens as x increasesAs
 x
∞
, y
=
1
−
2
e
∞
=
1
−∞=−∞
So, as x goes to the right, y falls rapidly...
 
(see right frame)
 y
=
1
−
e
−
 x
 Start yet again with a dotted line at y = 1Again, at x = 0
y
=
1
−
e
−
0
=
1
−
1
=
0
and as
 x
∞
, y
=
1
−
e
−∞
=
1
−
0
1(see left frame)
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